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December 2S, 1SS90

THE

GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

a WLtMv Sllustatrtr iountal

Horticulture and Allied Subjects.

(ESTABLISHED IN 1841.)

VOL. VI.-THIRD SERIES.
JULY TO DECEMBER, 1889.

LONDON :
41, WELLINGTON STREET, COVENT GARDEN, W.O.

1859.

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Ju I ^ - D c c
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BRADBURY, AGNEW, & CO., PRINTERS, WHITEFRURS.

The Gardeners' Chronicle,]

[December 28, 1889.

INDEX OF CONTENTS.

JULY TO DECEMBER, 1889.

Abies Mertensiana Albertiana, 10

Abutilon vitifolium var. alba, 156, 244

Acalypha tricolor, 504

Acineta densa, 131

Aconites, autumn, 440

Actinidia Kolomikta, 475

Acton Recreation Grounds, 136

Adelaide, 384

Adhatoda cydoniaifolia, 751

Adiantum capillus-venerisgrande, 557 ;

A. reginiE, 557
Adiantums, 557
Aerides japonicuru. 42; A. Laurence-

anum Southgatei, 467
Aganisia ciL'rulea, 95 ; A, cyanea, 492
Agaves, 638
Ageratum, a new, 195
Agricultural Bill, a new, 75 ; returns,

219, 755
Aldenhara House, Elstree, 411
Alexandria, Onions in, 663
Allaraanda violacea, 304, 33.3
Allotment gardening, 265, 630
Aloe Cooperi, 138 ; A. fulgens, 361
Alpine botanic garden, an, 324
Alpinia magnifica, 652
Alstromerias, 108
Amaryllis belladonna, 409
Amasonia punicea, 387
American Association of Nurserymen,

42 ; blight, 249 ; florists' conven-
tion, 327 ; notes, 42, 107, 475
Amomum magnificum, 652
Amorphophallus titan urn, 49, 74
Anderson, Mr. J., 727
Anemone, the, 590
Anemone japonica, 327
Angracums, 44 ; A. Scottianum, 294
Anguloa virginalis, 42
Anhalonium, the genus, 700
Annuals at Chiswick, 70
Anccctochiluses, 624
Anoiganthus breviflorus, 192
Anomatheca grandiflora, 304
Ants and bed bugs, 663
Apiary, the, 45, 97, 222, 270, 356, 410,

475, 530, 594, 658
Apple crop, the American, 212
Apple and Pear Conference, 334, 362
Apple Belle de Longvte\ 445 ; Schoner

von Boskoop, 445 ; Wellington, 7 ;

Beaumann's Red Reinette, 509
Apples, British, 558 ; Canadian, 164;

for East Anglia, 538 ; preserving in

soil, 448, 476, 505
Apricot shed, an, 719
Aquilegia flabellata nana alba, 503
Aralia leptophylla, 751
Arbor days, 388
Argan oil, 628
Arisa;ma fimbriatum, 652
Aristolochia elegans, 418 ; A. ridicula,

448
Aristolochias for pot culture, 297
Arsenites, the, 534
Artichoke, Globe, 601
Artillery plants, 529
Arum, double spathed, 387
Ashridge, 468

Asparagus forcing, 730; in Scotland,
49 ; A. verticillatus, 183

Aspergillus fumigatus, 659

Aster pyrenreus, 385

Asters, the herbaceous, 445

Auricula, the, 77, 560

Australasian Association for the ad-
vancement of science, 74

Australian plants, second census of,
727

Autumn at Paisley, 534

Autumnal tints, 387, 392, 506, 538,
568

Azolla caroliniana, 196

Backhouse's nursery, 215, 384

Ball, the late J., 694

Barcote House, 731

Bark mite, 760

Barham Court, Maidstone, 276: fruit

at, 505
Bean Longsword, 595 ; Neal's Ne plus

ultra, 509 ; show, a, 331
Bedding, effective, 48
Beds for winter and spring, 476
Bee, the Mango, 331
Beet, Cheltenham green top, 542
Beetle causing branching in Palms,

277 ; injuring Coker-nut Palms, 694
Begonia adonis, 625 ; B. gracilis var.

Martiana, 354 ; B. monstrous, 74 ;

B. socotrana, 244 ; B. Scharffiana

and B. Haageana, 388
Begonias as bedders, 361, 448; double,

663 ; winter flowering, 666
Benary, presentation to Mr. E., 565
Benham Court, 664
Ben ham Park, 664
Benthamia fragifera, 560
Berberis angulosa, 192
Berkeley, M. J., the late, 162, 165. 360
Berlin, notes from, 77, 389, 444, 503
Bifrenaria atropurpurea, 69 ; B. aur-

antiaca, 411
Bignonia venusta, 506, 652
Bilbergia vexillariaX, 534
Birds and Fruits, 249, 304
Birds of East Kent, 332
Birds, times of the singing of, 631
Birmingham Gardens Association, 416,

564
Bletiacatenulata, 95
Bleu's Nursery, Paris, 188
Bolton Gardeners' Society, 192

Books, &c, Notices of : — All about
Tobacco (A. M. & J. Ferguson), 276 ;
Amaryllids of the Argentine Re-
public (Dr. Pax), 387 ; Annuaire du
Jardin (Godefroy Lebeuf), 629;
Annals of Botany, 17 ; Book of the
Farm, Stevenson's, 276; Botanical
Magazine, 47, 192, 471,726; British
Apples, 302 ; Bromeliaceffi Andre-
anas (E. Andre), 361, 473; Bromeli-
aceaa, Handbook of (J. G. Baket),
662 ; Catalogue of Orchids, 361 ;
Cats, and all about them, our (H.

Weir), 729; Cryptogamic Botany
(Bennett and Murray), 300; Cultivo
de los Rosales en Macetas, 136 ; Dar-
winism (Wallace). 137, 164; Dar-
win's Journal, 242 ; Diseases of
Plants (M. Ward), 416, 502 ; English
Flower Garden (Robinson), 18 ;
English Idylls (P. H. Emerson), 696 ;
Flora of Suffolk (Hind), 726 ; Flore
Forestiere de la Cochin Chine
(Pierre), 361 ; Forest flora of New
Zealand (T. Kirk), 695; Flower
land (R. Fisher), 665 ; Fougeres rus-
tiques (H.Correvon), 599; Fowls for
pleasure, 136 ; Fruit-farm Review,
565; Garden Annual, 693; Garden-
ers' Magazine,480,728; Handbuchde
Laubholzkunde (Dr. L. Dippel), 473 ;
Icones (Hooker), 17; Idylls of the
Field (F. A. Knight), 665; Illus-
trationes Florae Maris Pacifici
Drake del Costello), 48; Illus-
trated London Almanack, 4i 2 ;
India-rubber and Gutta-percha (Fer-
guson), 276 ; Journal of the Bureau
of Agriculture, Adelaide, 243 ;
Journal of the Linnean Society,
136 ; Journal of the Royal Horti-
cultural Society, 192, 302, 724 ; Kew
Bulletin, 100, 192, 564, 586, 755; Lin-
denia,48, 106 ; Malesia, 535 ; Mangos
(Maries), 276; Manual of Forestry
(W. Schlich), 596; Manual of
Orchidaceous plants, Part V., Ma9-
devallia (J. Veitch and Sons), 620;
Medizinal pftanzen (Kohler), 473 ;
Naturlichen pflanzen lamilien, 534;
Names and synonyms of British
Plants, 106 ; Onions and Cress (H. V.
Knaggs), 727 ; Orchids (L. Castle),
French ed.,444 ; Orchids, their cul-
ture and management (Watson and
Bean), 136, 416. 599, 727 ; Petit Jar-
din le (Bois). 301 ; Practical Poultry
Breeder, 106 ; Scientific Papers of
Asa Gray (Ed. C. S. Sargent), 660;
Swiss flora (Gremli), 48; Timber
and some of its Diseases (Marshall
Ward), 106, 193; Work, 136.

Books, two rare horticultural, 629

Botanic Garden among the Alps, 324 ;
Berlin, 276 ; Brtslau, 331 ; Cam-
bridge, 126 ; Cape Town, 385, 501 ;
for schools, 566, 592 ; Ghent, 219,
535; Glasgow, 209, 693; Hamburgh,
331; Hong Kong, 248. 304; Manches-
ter, 7 ; Maritzburg, 360 ; Quito, 412;
Trinidad, 385

Botanical Lectures for the Working
Classes, 198 ; Exchange Club, 220 ;
Society of France, 75, 247; " Tables,"
sale of, 629

Botany for the Working Classes, 198 ;
Progress in, 630

Bougainvillea glabra, 356

Bouillie Bordelaise. effect of, on wine, 70

Bouvardias, 354, 538

Bracken crested, 631. (See Fern.)

Brambles, 194

Brassavola, species of, 355

British Apples, 558 ; Fruit-growers As-
sociation, 388, 443

British Plants.disappearance of, 388,694

Bromeliaceaj, 361, 473, 662

Budder, a quick, 331

Buddleia auriculata, 528; B. globo9a,
39

Bugs and ants, 663

Bulb crop, the Dutch, 107; Garden,
the, 43, 194,409. 448.498; Mite,758;
Season, the, at Scilly, 276 ; Planting,
409, 665

Bulbs, eccentric, 731

Bulbophyllum, saltatorium, 324

Bull, Mr, W.'s nursery, 325, 331, 382

Bunyard, Messrs. G. & Co.'s nursery,
266

Burbidge, Mr. F. W., M.A., 17, 212

Burghley Gardens, 352

Business, how to do, 662

Cabbage, trials of, 3S2

Cabbages, 139

Calanthe biloba, 70

Calceolaria, the, 48 ; disease of, 168

Calceolarias, shrubby, 80

California, the Peach orchards of, 410

Calla palustris, 526

Calystegia pubescens fl.-pl., 249, 699

Cambridge, new plant-houses at, 120

Camellia buds dropping, 632, 051, 065,

698, 732
Camellias, 327
Canadian Apples, 164
Cannell, Messrs. H. & Son's nurserv,

187
Cape, tobacco in the, 542
Cardiff Gardeners' Association, 416
Carnation Conference and trial, the

proposed, 537
Carnation Union, the, 74, 728; Paul

Engleheart, 167
Carnations, 561 ; at Messrs. J. Veitch's,

97; border, 140; hardy, 19, 110;

white self, 537
Carnations and Picotees, 138
Carpet-bedding, 363
Carrots, a large crop of, 599
Oastilleia indivisa, 594
Castle Ashbv, 465
Catalogues, 630 ; of fruit, 598
Catalpa J. C. Teas, 78
Catasetum Bungerothii, female, 466; C.

B. var. aurea. 460 ; C. Garnet-
tianum, 192 ; C. purum, 90

Oatasetums, 559, 033

Caterpillars, the plague of, 93, 110,
137, 106

Cattleya Bowringiana, 467 ; C. Dow-
iana, 381 ; C. D. aurea. 355 ; C. D.
a., with rosy segments, 493 ; C. Dow-
iana chrysotoxa, 716 ; C. gigas, an
eccentric, 716 ; C. eldorado virgi-
alis, 411 ; C. guttata Leopoldi, 757 ;

C. Hardvana, 492, 560; C. intri-
cataX, 70; C. Loddigesii, 382; C.
Mossiie vars., 100 ; C. Mastersonuc,
407; C. superba, 'JO

IV The Gardeners' Chronicle,]

INDEX.

[December 28, 1889.

Cattleyas, the labiata group, 2? 2 ;
hybrid, 96

Cattleya-house, Mr. Hollington's, 390

Cattleyopsis, species of, 323

Cauliflower Sutton's Magnum Bonum,
327

Cauliflowers, 139

Cedar pencils, 96

Celosia pyramidalis plumosa, 506

Cephalaria tatarica, 159

Cercospora sequoia?, 594

Cereus triangularis, 562

Certificates of Merit at the Chrysan-
themum Conference, 541 ; at the
Vegetable Conference, 365, 393

Cheal, Messrs. J. & Sons' nursery,
440

Cherry, a new (Castle Hill Seedling),
247 ; Guigne Ambree, 445

Chestnuts, The, Denmark Hill, 687

Children's flower shows, 136, 163

Chimaphila maculata, 562

Chinese delicacies, 697; flora, the,
442, 598 ; white wax, 44

Chiswick gardens, 392 ; annuals at,
70 ; Ivies at, 693; Tomatos at, 331 ;
trials at, 758 (see also Royal Horti-
cultural Society).

Chiswick Gardeners' Association, 693

Choisya ternata, 362

Chou de Burghley, 476

Christmas cards, floral art in, 729 ;
decorations, 713 ; trees and flowers,
724

Chrysanthemum, the, 590

Chrysanthemum hiematoma, 526 ; C.
maximum, 279. 110; C. Mrs. Alpheus
Hardy, 534, 564 ; C. Mrs. Hawkins,
alias Golden Fleece, 304 ; C. tricolor
vars. (Anemone-flowered annual),
137

Chrysanthemum, Centenary of the,
at Chiswick, 480, 539; at Edin-
burgh, 534

Chrysanthemum Conference and Cen-
tenary, 361, 415, 532, 540, 728

Chrysanthemum culture, &c, in Japan,
715; History of the, 521, 555, 585,
652 ; insects, 537, 568 ; novelties,
733 ; show- fixtures, 500 ; 6how sixty
years ago, a, 598 ; shows, 692 ;
sports, 349, 599, 631, 656, 696, 758 ;
training, 523 ; a wonderful, 502

Chrysanthemums, 244, 500 ; about
Town, 503 ; at Coombe Leigh, Kings-
ton, 693 ; at Great Doods, Reigate,
475; at Biddick Hall, 667; at
Stamford Lodge, 632 ; catalogue
of a new, 726, 758 ; damping off
of. 732, 759 ; early flowering, 523,
666, 699, 733 ; housing, 356 ; in the
Imperial Japanese Garden. 526 ;
in Berlin, 702 ; in Boston, 694 ; in
Japan, 694; in Paris, 661, 700; in
the Parks, 503 ; naturally grown,
311 ; new, 662, 733; new, in Phila-
delphia, 726 ; new method of [pro-
pagating, 443 ; progress in, 525 ;
scented, 502, 599 ; trained speci-
mens, 699

Cinerarias, 78. 418

Cinnamon, 670

Cistus longifolius, 623

Cistuses, 385

Clematis Davidiana. 385

Clethra arborea, 352

Clianthus Dampierii, 110; at Indeo,
140

Climbers for intermediate house, 392

Clissold Park, 165 ; opening of, 107

Clumber, 182

Clyde disaster, the, 389. 443, 472, 502,
535, 565, 599, 629, 663, 727

Coco-nut Palms, beetles injuring, 691

Codling-moth, remedy for, 322

Ccelogyne corrugata. 272

Colonial notes, 12, 300, 384

Colour in plants, 125, 159, 187, 211

Combretum propagation, 664

Composites, North American, 110

Conifers, new, 388 ; nomenclature of,
470

Copper labels, 276

Coprophilus striatulus, 361

Cordon Currants, 110

Cordylina australis, 756

Coreopsis lanceolata, 189

Cork, production of, in Portugal, 670

Cornflowers, new strain o(, 387

Cornish gardens, and their lessons,
747

Cornus canadensis, 508 ; C. florida,
474 ; C. sibirica, 474

Cotoneaster Simonsii, 475

Cotton and Jute, inflammability of
compared, 107

Cotula coronopifolia, 167

Creosoting timber, 703

Crinum brachynema, 360 ; C. cruen-
tum, 329

Crocosma aurea and its vars., 303

Crocus speciosus, 410

Crocuses, 409

Crookham House, 664

Crossandra undulifolia, 109

Cryptomeria japonica, 543

Cucumbers, 600 ; and Peaches, spot-
ting of, 355 ; in America 150 years
ago, 362 ; in long bearing, 629

Cucurbita perennis, 183

Cuddapah Almonds, 501

Cultural memoranda, 14, 139, 225,
243, 297, 354, 418, 504, 625, 665, 751

Cunonia capensis, 536

Currants, cordon, 110

Cuttings, grafting on, 631

Cyclamens, hardy, 625

Cycnoches pentadactylon, 188

Cypher's, Mr. J., nursery, 561

Cyphomandra betacea, 758

Cypripedium Arthurianum, 591 ; C.
Ashburtoniaj, 382 ; C. Godefroya;
hemixanthemum, 716 ; C. niveum,
&c, 294 ; C. cenanthum, 70 ; C.
Stonei var. acrosepalum, 70 ; C.
Wallisii, 95; C. American, 165

Cyprus, 361

Daffodil, Buxton's, 194 ; sieve, a, 240

Daffodils, 332, 353 ; disease of, 18 ; a
list of, 163. (See also Narcissus).

Dahlia, the, 590 ; centenary of the,
274 ; D. imperialis, 594 ; roots in
winter, 602; the show, 296

Dahlias, Cactus, 333 ; dwarfer, 195 ;
for autumn and winter, 476 ; hybrid,
599 ; single and Cactus, 362

Darwin, Professor F., dinner to, 17

Deep cultivation, 392

Deer forest, pleasures of a, 542

Delphiniums, 18, 49

Dendrobium bracteosum, 493 ; D. cry-
stallinum. 10 ; D. formosum gigan-
teum, 305; D. Johannis, 592; D.
lineale, 381 ; D. MacCarthioe, 242 ;
D. nobile album, 71 ; D. polyphle-
bium, 272 ; D. polvphlebium and
var. Emerici, 244; D. Wardianum
(yellow), 42

Dentarias, alpine, 445

Desfontainea spinosa, seeding, 333

Deutzia gracilis, 418

Dickson & Co.'s nursery, 536

Diplacus glutinosus coccineus, 567

Disa lacera var. multifida, 48 ; D.
sagittalis, 215

Disas at York, 215

Disandra prostrata, 508

Disease of Calceolarias and Pansies,
168; of Cucumbers, 355; of Daffo-
dils, 18 ; of Hellebores, 476, 479 ; of
Hollyhocks, 279 ; of Potatos, 74,
166, 195, 214, 223 ; of Peaches, 355 ;
of Peach leaves, 504, 667, 732; of
Veronicas, 506

Dobbie & Co.'s nursery, 655

Dukeries, the, 181

Dulwich Park, 662

Duthie Park, Aberdeen, 587

Ealing Gardeners' Society, 387

East Anglia, Pears and Apples for, 538

East Anglican Horticultural Society,

663
Echinocactus pumilus, 249, 278

Edinburgh Botanical Society, 628

Ehretia serrata, 183

Eiffel Tower, the, 598

Elder, the red-berried, 474, 594, 670.

699, 759 ; and Betula intermedia, 699
Electric light carbons, 723
Emigrants' informatiom office, 26
English Fruit and Rose Co., 501
English Gardening, history of, 12, 293,

494
Entomology, practical, 219
Eranthemum Andersoni, 141
Eriopsis rutidobulbon, 70
Eryngium Olivierianum and others,

298
Esparto in Tripoli and Algiers, 107
Eucalyptus amygdalina, 14
Eucharis, a remarkable, 733 ; E. Leh-

manni, 17
Eucomis punctata, 387, 419
Eucryphia pinnatifolia, 48
Eupatoriums, 354
Evolution, theory of, 333
Exhibiting, unfair, 331
Exotic Nursery, Chelsea, 387

Fencing posts affected with fungi, 666

Fern fronds, forking of, 163, 416, 506,
631 ; spores, longevity of, 140

Fernery, the North Devon, 536

FerritJres, winter garden at, 302

Fertilisers for plants, 163

Fertilising moss, growing leaves in,
666

Ficus elastica variegata, 663

Fig tree, gigantic at Roscoff, 468

Figs at Christmas, 667

Finsbury Park, 184

Flasks, Italian oil and wine, 662

Flax in New Zealand, 75

Flora of Scotland, human agency on
the, 103; the Chinese, 442, 598

Floral Committee, time of meeting,
471, 506, 538, 602

Floral decorations, 444

Florists flowers, cultural operations,
6. 48. 77, 138, 299, 356, 475, 537,
560, 290, 656

Flower bed, an effective, 278

Flower garden, cultural operations, 15,
73, 109, 133, 161, 217, 273, 301,
329, 391, 413, 441, 499, 563, 627,
659,691,757

Flowers, food from, 388 ; misuse of,
162 ; in Roumania, 248 ; in season,
17, 248, 331

Fog, effects of the London, 628

Food from flowers, 388

Food plants, 220

Foreign correspondence, 141, 327, 600,
624, 702, 720

Forest department, Madras, 198 ;
growths, succession of, 40 ; school of
Aschaffenburg, 534

Forestry, 26, 596, 626 ; at Edinburgh
University, 507

Foster, Prof. M.'s garden, 5

Fraser and Hall memorial fund (see
Clyde fatality)

Fraud, the, on Mr. Chamberlain, 629

Freesia refracta, 353; F. r. alba, 392 ;
F. r. a. from seed, 449

Frosts, early, 330, 334. 392

Fruit and farming, 694 ; crops, the,
106 ; Canadian, 136-7 ; remarks on
the, 126, 195 ; reports on the con-
dition of the (tabulated), 99 ; culture,
246, 410, 444, 534 ; and conferences,
467 ; drying apparatus, 277 ; grow-
ing, gold medal essav on, 275 ; in
England, 330 ; Mr. Fish on, 666 ;
importation of foreign, 278 ; in-
gathering and storing of. 278 ; plan-
tations, shelter for, 630; question,
the, 438 ; register, 140, 194, 445, 509 ;
trees on hill sides and in meadows,
527 ; renovating, 539 ; spraying, 72,
141

Fruiterers' Company, the, 392 ; at the
Mansion House, 363

Fruits under glass, cultural operations,
15, 45, 73, 98, 133, 161, 198, 217,

245, 273, 301, 357. 391. 418, 441,

469, 499, 531, 595, 627, 659, 691, 723
Fuchsias, outdoors, 195, 249
Fungi, collection of, 17 ; edible, 466 ;

new parasitic, 506
Fungus foray in Epping Forest, 323,

390; in Warwickshire, 449; the

Woolhope, 449

Gardeners' Dictionary. Miller's, 219

Garden notes, 249, 276, 728

Gardeners' Orphan Fund, 17, 47, 134,
136, 191, 275 500, 564, 629, 661,
election, 104, 106

Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Institu-
tion, 248, 472, 597, 628, 728

Gardening, History of English, 12,
293, 494

Gases, passage of, through plants,
416

Gentiana germanica, 192

Gerard, John, herbalist, 219

Ghent Chambre Syndicale, 75, 331,
502 ; frnit show in, 220

Ghiesbrecht, Dr. A. B., 535

Gladioli, Lemoine's new hybrid, 247;
a new race of, 192 ; new, 360, 392

Gladiolus, the bride, 14; Colvillei
alba, 354

Glasnevin, 534

Gold well Park, 664

Good-luck Narcissus, 668, 755

Gooseberry, Whinham's Industry, 413

Gooseberries for New York, 140

Gordonia grandis, 474

Gourds, 689

Grafting on cuttings, 631

Grape Black Hamburgh in India, 565 ;
Gros Colmar, 666 ; Gros Colinar
and Gros Maroc, 699 ; Lady Downes
Seedling at Clovenfords, 728, 758

Grass crops, prospects of the, 270

Grasses, ornamental, 137

Gray, Asa, scientific papers of, 660

Greenham Lodge, 664

Grevillea asplenifolia, 192

Grove, The, Stanmore, 526

Gueldres Rose leaves, 332

Gum Arabic, substitutes for, 600

Gypsophila paniculata, 327

Haarlem, 162

Halton, 379, 436

Hampton Court wilderness in 1735,
667

Hanbury Medal, the, 535

Hanbury's, Mr. T., garden, 622, 638

Hardiness of plants, unusual, 212

Hardwicke Hall, 239

Hardy, M., banquet to, 661

Hardy fruit garden, cultural opera-
tions, 15, 45, 73, 98. 140. 168, 189,
222, 245, 273. 301, 329, 357, 391, 418,
441, 469, 499, 531, 563, 595, 638,
659, 691, 723, 757 -

Hardy fruits in North Yorks, 249 ;
plants at Kew, 240

Harpalium rigidum, 159<

Harvest home, 463

Hay, heating of damp, 659

Heckfield Place, 210

Hedychium Sadlerianumx, 219

Helenium Hoopesii, 43

Heliopsis, 385

Helleborus niger, leaves of, curling up,
476, 479

Hen, precocity in a, 419

Herbaceous border, 43, 159, 298, 326,
385, 445, 654

Herbaria, H. G. Reichenbach's, 757

" Herbes for Salade," 363

Hibiscus mutabilis, 446

Highbury, plants at, 419

High moulding, 110

Hippeastrums, 498

Hobart, Tasmania, horticulture at, 75

Holland Park gardens, 619

Hollies, transplanted, 600

Hollyhocks, disease of, 68, 279

Homestead orchards, 387

The Gardeners' Chronicle,]

INDEX.

[December 28, 1889.

Hooper & Co.'s nursery, 655

Hop crop, the, 534

Hornbeam, the pyramidal, 594

Horticultural club, 443, 661, 728

Horticulture, co-operative, 218 ; pro-
blems in, 361 ; schools of, 684

Horticulturists, index of famous British,
388, 630, 663, 728

Hoteia japonica, 665

Humea elegans, 14

Hyacinth, the, 29!)

Hybridising, 141

Hydrangeas, 297

Hydrosme Eichleri, 633

Hynienocallis expansa, 327

Ijipatiens Hawkeri, 477

Insect pests, 185

Insects attacking Chrysanthemums,

537, 568; injurious to vegetation,

416
Intercropping, 472

Inula glandulosa, 43 ; grandiflora, 19
Ipomcea propagation, 664, 699
Iris Bornmuelleri, 279; I. Ksempferi,

297 ; I. stylosa var. grandiflora, 666
Irises, English and Spanish, 448
Isoloma hirsuta, 141
Ivies at Chiswick, 693
Ixias, 43, 418
Ixora macrothyrsa, 303

Jalap plant, the, 730
Jatropha urens, 751
James's, Mr. H., nursery, 466
Jankea Heldreichii, 415, 444
Japanese dwarfed trees, 136, 360 ;

flowers, fragrance of, 509
Jardin des Plantes, 183, 683
" Jardin de Wilton," sale of, 630
Jarrah wood, 332
Jasminum gracillimum, 751
Jute and Cotton, inflammability of,

compared, 107

Kalanchoe carnea, 751

Kalosanthes, 243

Kendal Natural History Society, 444

Kent, Mr. A. H., 662

Kenward, fruits at, 223

Kew, hardy plants at, 240

Kew, plants at, 26, 138, 503, 594;
Pleiones at, 439

Kill wasp, Maddock's, 392

King's Heath, vegetables at, 568

Kitchen garden, cultural operations,
15, 73, 98, 133, 189, 217, 245, 273,
301, 329, 357, 391, 413, 441, 469, 499,
531, 595, 627, 659, 691, 723, 751

Kniphofia hybrids, 562; K. natalensis,
332 ; species of, 588 ; the genus, 562

Kniphofias, 600

Krelage & Sons, Haarlem, robbery at
Messrs., 757

Labels, Copper, 276

Lachenalias, 356

Lielia anceps Barkeriana, 716; L.

crispa var. delicatissima, 186 ; L.

Measuresiana, 387 ; L. monophylla,

137 ; L. superbiens Quesneliana, 242
Lajlio-Cattleya x, species of, 155;

L.-C. Victoria, 560
Laing, Messrs. J., & Sons' nursery, 296
La Mortola, 622, 638, 720
Landscape Gardening in Persia, 689
Lane, Messrs. H., & Sons' nursery, 332
Lapageria rosea, 602
Larkspur, peloria in, 250
Lasiosiphon anthylloides, 446
Lathyrus Drummondi, 48, 80, 196; L.

Sibthorpii, 477
Laurels, 360

Law: — Blackmore v. Tooley (steal-
ing pears), 573; Branch v. Gough
(wages), 573 ; Ford v. Freeman
(gardener and employer), 573 ;
Winsley v. Freeman (gardener
and employer), 573; Hawkins &
Bennett v. Ware (naming of
plants), 337; Legerton u. Harrison
(seeds), 394 ; Sawyer v. Bains
(Spirals), 510, 542, 572 ; Winfield
v. Dean (claim for prize money),
47S

Leaf colour in the garden, 387, 392,

506, 538, 56S
Leaf structure, 688
Leafing of the Oak and Ash, 19
Leather, preservation of, 385
Leaves, curled, 250; colour in, 387,

392, 506, 538, 568
Leek Cemetery, 219
Lee's, Messrs. C. & Sons' nursery, 106,

156, 720
Legion of Honour, the, 534
Leguminous plants and their nitrogen,

727
Lemons and Oranges, 720
Leptotes, species of, 323
Library, a, for gardeners, 719
Lightning, effects of, 18, 140, 448
Lilacs, double, 195 ; a new race of, 132
Lilies at Mr. W. Bulls, 331
Lilies in Pots, 43
Lilium auratum, 279 ; prolification in,

81 ; L. longiflorum Harrisi, 43, 72,

448; L. nilgirense, 602 ; L.testaceum,

360 ; L. Wallichianum superbum,

444
Lily, the " Good Luck,'' 668 ; the

Madonna, 416
Lily of the Valley, 665
Lily of the Valley, foreign trade in,

361
Limes of Western Europe, 75
Lindley & Hooker, 48
Lindsay, Mr. as president of the

Edinburgh Botanical Society, 628
Linum arboreum, 26, 508 ; L. flavum,

26 ; trigynum, 527
Liquidambar styraciSua, 477
Lisianthus Russellianus, 223
Lissochilus speciosus, 419, 528
Little Park, Crookham, 664
Lobelia cardinalis, 419, 448 ; L. c. var.

Queen Victoria, 244
Lockinge, 405
London, new parks for, 564, 565 ; trees

for (see Trees for town)
Loofahs, 219

Love of flowers, fostering the, 472
Low, Messrs. H. & Co.'s nursery, 417
Lowe's, Mr., nursery, Uxbridge, 268
Lupinus arboreus, 44
Luton Hoo, hardy Fernery at, 72
Lycaste costata, 242 ; L. cruenta, 96 ;

L. Skinneri alba, 528 ; L. Smeeana,

165
Lycesteria formosa, 189
Lycium barbarum, 506

Madeira, notes in passing, 687 ; Palms
in, 330; Phytolacca dioica in ; Pine-
apples in, 716

Madonna Lily, the, 416

Magnolia acuminata, 474

Magnolias, 215 ; spring flowering, 10

Maidstone, flowering plants of, 360

Man, agency of, on the Scotch flora, 103

Mandragora autumnalis, 631

Mango, the bee, 331

Mangoes, big, 360

Manresa House, lioehampton, 495

Manure liquid for the garden, 7, 67

Manures, 714; for Vines, 757

Market garden notes, 381

Marnock, R., the late, 623, 667

Masdevallia tovarensis, 654

Massachusetts Hort. Soc, 662

May, Mr. G.'s, Nursery, 721

Medicinal Plants, 495, 588

Medinilla amabilis, 304

Melons in the South of France, 276;
three crops of, from one plant, 539

Melville Castle, 435

Merite Agricole, order of, 443

Mice, field, 732

Michaelmas Daisies, 472

Michigan Agricultural College, 624

Mignonette, 225 ; for winter, 139

Miller's, Mr., nursery, 664

Miltonia Blunti var. Lubbersiana, 757 ;

M. Russelliana, 716; M. vexillaria

superba, 757
Monotropa hypopitys, 195
Montbretia securigera, 275
Moor Park, Rickmansworth, 214
Mormodes buccinator, 731 ; M. luxa-

tum, 186
Moth, the winter, 587, 632, 668, 755
Moths, the umber and winter, 624
Mount Rainier, 352
Mountains of New Guinea, 330
Mucca-mucca, 574
Mulberry, introduction of, to England,

37 ; the Tonquin, 384
Mulching, 19
Musa, a new, 727

Mushrooms in railway tunnels, 439
Mutisia decurrens, 440

Njegelia cinnabarina, 244

Names, popular (Madonna Lily), 416 ;

rectification of, 136
Narcissi, early, 472, 689
Narcissus, hybrid, 79; N. juncifoliox

muticus, 161, 194; N. tazetta, 392 ;

in China, 668, 755
National Auricula and Carnation

Society (S. S.), 415, 502 ; Carnation

Society, 74 ; C hrysanthemum Society,

302 ; Rose Society, 598
Native plants, disappearance of, 388,

694
Naudin, Mr. C, honours to, 661
Nectarine, Precoce de Croncelles, 537
Nelumbiums out of doors, 183
Nepenthes, 354 ; at J. Veitch and Sons,

388 ; Burkeii, 566 ; Curtisii, 660
Nerine angustifolia, 195
Newbury, gardens about, 664
New Guinea, mountains of, 330
New York, Central Park, 248
New Zealand, 300 ; Flax, 239
Nicotiana colossa, 727
Nine Wells, the, 5
Nitrogen, how leguminous plants get,

727
Nomenclature of Conifers, 470; of

Orchids, 46, 104, 191, 387; of

plants, 65, 414
North Devon Fernery, the, 536
Nuffield Priory, 324
Nutrition, co-operative, 623
Nymphrea alba x pygmita, 138; N.

tuberosa, var., 138

Oak leaves, 332
Oakwood, Lilies at, 362
Oberonia ensiformis, 560

Obituary.— Ball, J., 502, 573 ; Berke-
ley, Rev. M. J., 141 ; Boscawen, Hon.
& Rev. J. T.,46 ; Clingo.William, 84 ;
Curtis, H., 639 ; Dartnall, David, 84 ;
Davies, W., 573 ; Fraser, R. C, 389 ;
Hall, 389 ; Lane, John Edward, 76 ;
Lendy, Major A. F., 450; McNab,
Dr. W. R , 670 ; Marnock, R., 588 ;
Sage, Mr. G., 109; Tillvard, G. B.,
304; Tyerman, J. S., 639 ; Vallance,
G. D., 226; Vidal, S., 444; Ward,
Dr., 662; Williams, Mrs. B. S.,450;
Wright, Thomas, 395

Odontoglo8sum Brandtii, 591 ; O. cris-
pum, 382; O. c. Wilsoni, 411; O.
Uunneweilianum, 591 ; O. Oerstedii
majus, 69; U. Pescatorei, 272; O.
P., spotted lipped var., 684; O. Ro-
ezlii, 272 ; O. Schroderianum, 242

Odontoglossums, hybrid, 727 ; in cool
houses, 49 ; want of success with,
476, 505

Oenotheras, 109

Oil and wine flasks, Italian, 662

Olearia macrodonta, 48

• Incidium anthrocrene, 591 ; O. flexu-
osum, 355 ; O. linguiforme, 42; O.
Mantini, 467 ; Q. Marshallianum,
757 ; O. Retemeyerianum, 294 ; O.
splendidum,96, 757 ; O. Schlimii, 42

Oncidiums wanted at Kew, 46

Onions, 449 ; in Alexandria, 663

Oodeypore, 500

Orange culture in Florida, 722, 755

Oranges and Lemons, 720

Orchard, the, 732

Orchards, how to improve, 558

Orchid culture, past and present, 237,
269

Orchid houses, 14, 132, 245, 301, 390,
440, 498, 531, 627, 658

Orchid notes and gleanings, 10, 42, 69,
95, 131, 165, 186, 215, 242, 270, 294,
324, 355, 381, 411, 438, 466, 492, 528,
560, 591, 624, 654, 716, 757

Orchids at Allerton Beeches, 10 ;
at Mr. Boyes, 325 ; at Mr. Bull's, 325,
382 ; at The Firs, Sydenham, 356 ;
about Glasgow, 270 ; at Kew, 503 ; at
The Kilns, Falkirk, 654 ; at Messrs.
J. Laing & Sons, 565 ; at Messrs. H,
Low & Co.'s, 417 ; at Lythe Hill,
Haslemere, 757 ; at Manningham
Thorpe, 591 ; at Mr. Measures', 242 ;
at Messrs. Sander's, 624 ; at Mr.
Sillam's, 355 ; at Studley House,
654 ; at J. Veitch & Sons', 131, 324 ;
at B. S. Williams & Son's, 755 ; at
Woodlands, Streatham, 528

Orchids, list of garden, 78, 155, 323,
354 ; malformations in, 26 ; nomen-
clature of (see Nomenclature) ; roots
of, 272

Orchis hircina, 42 ; O. latifolio-macu-
lata, 10

Owen's, Mr. R., nursery, 496

Owen's, Sir Richard, Cottage, 662

Oxford, physick garden at, 80

Palms branching, 277 ; Coco - nut,
beetles injuring, 694; in Madeira, 330

Pandanus labyrinthiacus, 47

Pansies, disease of, 168

Papyrus antiquorum, 476

Paris Exhibition, notes from the, 154,
193, 220, 304, 332, 352, 534 ; gar-
dening at the, 77, 491

Paris, gardens of, 240, 277, 326 ; Jar-
din des Plantes, 183, 683

Park, new, for London, 565

Parks, Chrysanthemums in the, 503 ;
gardening in the, 153

Passiflora quadrangularis, 568

Pasture plants, 416

Pea Charles I., 327 ; King of the Mar-
rows, 595 ; a mildew-resisting, 509 ;
Royal Jubilee, 110

Peas after Daffodils, 333 ; and mildew,
167 ; first early, 44 ; forcing, 278 ;
late, 327 ; new and old varieties of,
49 ; progress in, 387 ; topping, 249

Peach, Alexander, 214 ; Everardt, 140;
Noblesse, heavy, 49 ; leaves, diseased,
504, 667, 732 ; orchards of California,
416

Peaches, 279 ; and Cucumbers, spot-
ting of, 355; at Nuffield Priory,
324, heavy, 49, 166, 249; spotting
of, 355

Pear Alexandre Lambre, 194 ; Comte
de Lambertye, 537 ; Emile d'Heyst,
445 , Monastery, 140 ; Pitmaston
Duchess, 509; Souvenir du Con-
gres, heavy, 362 ; Triomphe de
Vienne, 445

Pears, early, 194 ; for East Anglia, 538

Peat for paper, 331

Peed, Messrs. J. & Sons' nursery, 466

Pelargoniums, 270 ; colour in, 137 ;
propagating, 472, 632 ; winter-
ilowering zonal, 696

VI The Gardener-' Chronicle,]

INDEX.

[becember 28, 1SSB.

Pellionia Daveauana, 529; pulchra,
620

Peloria in Larkspur, 550

Pentstemon barbatus var. Torreyi,
446 ; P. Menziesii, 594

Pentstemons in winter, 249

Penzance, gardening at, 163

Perennials, planting of. 666, 685, 759

Perkins, Messrs. J. & Sons' nursery,
465

Persia, gardening in, 689

Phaius maculatus, 242

Phalsmopsis culture, 499, 568; P.
Maria;, 131 ; P. violacea and others.
438

Pharus, dispersal of fruits of, 303

Philadelphia, 756

Philadelphus, monoecious, 75

Phlox Drummondii, 363

Phloxes, early flowering, 326

Phoenix Roebeleni, 475, 757

Phormium tenax, 239

Phyllanthus nivosus variegatus, 504

Phylloxera law9 at the Cape, 502

Phytolacca dioica in Madeira, 218

Picotees and Carnations, 138

Pierre Blancard, 534

Pilea Schlechtendali, 530

Pine-apples in Madeira, 716 ; under
vines, 568, 631, 667

Pink, the, 561

Pinks, proposed exhibition of, 661

Pinus Ayacuite (Isle of Man), 599; P.
excelsa capitata, 388 ; P. laricio Ka-
ramana, 9 ; P. silvestris columnaris
compacta, 388 ; P. strobus excelsa
zebrina, 388

Pipe joint for tubular boilers, a new,
472

Plan for a garden in the lake district,
412

Plant collar, expanding, 306

Plant food, 48

Plant names, English, 758

Plant Portraits : — Adiantum tetra-
phvllum var. obtusum, 297 ; Amor-
phophallus Eichleri, 730 ; iEchmea
Drakeana, 297 ; JR. Mertensii, 417 ;
Angra;cum hyaloides, 730 ; A. San-
derianum, 417 ; Anguloa Clowesii,
297 ; Anthurium Andreanum var.
atropurpureum, 248 ; A. Dechardi,
76 ; A. Scherzerianum fruit, 76 ;
A. S. var. Mdlle. Lucienne
Linden, 297 ; A. S. var. Madame
de la Devansaye, 622 ; A. S. var.
Madame Desmet-Duvivier.76; Apple,
wax, 248 ; Aquilegia flabellata, 217 ;
Arachnanthe Clarkei, 417; Aristo-
lochia hians, 417; Azalea, Dr.
Mezger, 417 ; A. Eborina plena, 417 ;
A. J. W. Moore, 417 ; A. Souvenir
de Prince Napoleon, 417 ; Begonia
peltata.var. President de Boureuilles,
248 ; B. Scharffiana, 76 ; Berberis
lycium, 417; Bifrenaria aurantiaca.
417 ; Bolbophyllum Lobbi, 417 ;
Bougainvillea glabra, 76 ; Cabomba
aquatica, 730; Calanthe d'Ar-
blayana. 76, 217; C. masuca, 622 ;
Canna indica, 248; C. Madame
Crozy, 417 ; Carludovica rotun-
difolia, 622 ; Catasetum macro-
carpum var. chrysanthum, 622 ; Cat-
tleya eldorado virginalis, 417; C.
labiata Gaskelliana, 622 ; C. Master-
sonia; X,417; C. Mossircvar. Waro-
queana, 297 ; C. Trianse (Popayan
var)., 248 ; C. Walkeriana, 76, 417 ;
C. Warscewiczii, 297 ; Ceratotheca
triloba, 417 ; Chrysanthemum, Stan-
stead Surprise, 690, 730 ; Clintonia
Andrewsiana, 730 ; Crinum Schim-
peri, 622 ; Cypripedium Arthuria-
num X , 622 ; C. barbatum var. War-
nerianura, 76 ; C. Dauthieri marmo-
ratum, 622; C. Lathamianum X,41;
C. macropterum x, 622; C. nitens
X,76; Dendrobium infundibulum.
622 ; D. Paxtoni, 417 ; Dietes Hut-
toni, 297 ; Echinopsis cristata, 76 ;
Elseagnus argentea, 730 ; Epi-
phyllum Makoyanum Russellia-
num var. Gaerbaueri, 417 ; Epiden-
drum prismatocarpum, 622 ; E.vitelli-
num, 417; Eremurushimalaicus,417;

Eucalyptus stricta. 417 ; Euchsia tri-
phylla. 690, 730 ; Gerbera Jamesoni,
622 ; Gladiolus x , Pres. Carnot, 417 ;
Gordonia anomala, 622 ; Gossypium
Comesii, 622 ; Grewia parviflora,
690 ; Griffinia hyacinthina, 622 ; Iris
Barkeriana, 690 ; La:liaelegans,417;
L. glauca, 690 ; L. maialis, 297 ; La-
genaria verrucosa, 417 ; Latace
Volkmanni, 217; Lobelialaxiflora,76,
217 ; Masdevallia chimasra, 730; Ne-
penthes Dicksoniana X , 417 ; Odon-
toglossum Alexandra; Wilsoni, 417 ;
O. Andersonianum var. angusta-
tum, 417; O. Brandtii, 622; O.
Cervantesli, var. decorum, 622 ; O.
cu3pidatum xanthoglossum, 622; O.
Roezlii, 297 ; Oncidium ampliatum
majus, 297 ; O. anthrocrene, 090 ;
O. Lanceanum, 623 ; Passiflora coc-
cinea, 623; P. triloba, 248; Pear
calabasse Abbe Fetel. 248 ; P.
Charles Delatin. 76; P. Le BruD,
090 ; P. Seckle, 690 ; Phaius pauci-
florus, 623 ; Phyllocactus delicatus,
417; Plum, the Kelsey, 690; Pri-
mula cortusoides, 248 ; P. Palinuri,
690 ; Prunus Simoni, 248 ; Benan-
thera Lowii,297; Restrepiaantenni-
fera, 248 ; Rudbeckia laciniata, 76 ;
Sarracenia Wrigleyana X. 417 ; Sta-
pelia marmorata, 297 ; S. mutabilis,
297 ; Shepherdia argentea, 730 ;
Stemmatium narcissoides, 217 ; Thu-
nia Marshalliana, 297 ; Thrinax ex-
celsa, 730 ; Tigridia Pringlei, 76,
730; Tillandsia Geissei, 217; T.
streptophylla, 76; Tulipa Batalini,
417 ; T. Dammanni, 76 ; T. Maxi-
mowiczii, 417 ; T. vitellina, 730 ;
Urceolina pendula, 76 ; Vanda
Hookeriana, 023 ; Vriesia Alberti X ,
76; V. Magnisiana x, 76, 248;
V. Maria; X, 76: V. versaillensis,
417; Xylobium leontoglossum, 623 ;
Yucca filifera, 417 ; Zygopetalum
crinitum, 217

Plants and their culture, 14, 45, 72,
98, 132, 161, 189, 216, 244, 272,328,
357, 390, 413, 440, 469, 498, 530,
563, 595, 658, 690, 723, 751

Plants, New or Noteworthy, de-
scribed : — Acineta chrysantha, 94 ;
Adiantum paradisoe, 558; Albuca
trichophylla, 94; Aloe Monteiroi,
523; Anthurium cymbiforme, 67;
Antrophyum Mannianum, 465 ; An-
ubias heterophylla, 67 : Asplenium
dimidiatum, 465 ; Bulbophyllum
fallax, 538 ; Catasetum fimbria-
tum, 406; Cattleva intricata X,
38 ; C. velutina, '406 ; Calogyne
Rossiana, 650; Colchicum, new type
of, 750 ; Cymbidium madidum, 406 ;
Cypripedium Beatrice. 267 ; C. de
Witt Smith, 6: C. Figarox, 750;
C. Minerva, 4(54 ; Davallia nigres-
cens, 465 ; Dendrobium trans-
parens alba, 95 ; Eulophia bella,
210; E. callichroma, 298; Fritil-
laria hericaulis, 38 ; Gladiolus
Leichtlinii, 154 ; G. (Nanceianus),
Lemoine's new, 154 ; G. Turicensis x ,
183; Laelio-CattleyaX aurora. 3*0 ;
L.-C. Cassiope, 620 ; L.-C. eleeans
Cooksoni, 587; L.-C. Stella, 322;
Liparis Bowkerii, 684 ; L. fulgens,
620 ; Lissochilus speciosus, 380 ;
Luddemannia Pescatorei, 183; Mas-
devallia coccinea, 239 ; M. Ellis-
ianaX, 154; Massonia amygdalina,
715 ; Miltonia Schroderiana. 210 ;
Montbretia securigera, 210 ; Ne-
penthes Burkei, 492 ; Odonto-
glossum Harryanum var. flavescens,
38 ; O. Hunnewellianum, 67 ; O.
WendlandianumX. 6; Ornithoga-
lum apertiflorum. 38 ; Paulowilhel-
mia speciosa, 749; Phaius philip
pinensis, 239 ; Pinus latifolia, 587 ;
Podophyllum pleianthum, 298 ; San-
Beviera subspicata, 436 ; Spiraea
kamtschatika, 126 ; Stapelia Des-
metiana and var. apicalis, 684; S.

erectiflora, 650 ; Tigridia buccifera,
350; T. Pringlei, 322; Watsonia
iridifolia var. O'Brieni, 350

Plants, &c, certificated during the
half year by the Royal Horticultural
Society, 718
Plant shelters, 700
Plants, colour in, 125, 159, 187, 211
Plants, origin of cultivated, 381
Plumeria bicolor, 303
Plum Conference, 275, 335
Plum Orleans, 214 ; Reine Claude de
Bavay, 509 ; Simon's, 141 ; the Czar,
163
Poinsettias, 244 ; dying off, 333
Polemonium paucitlorum, 96
Pollen, direct influence of, 530, 600
Polyanthus, the gold-laced, 656
Polygonum amplexicaule var. oxyphyl-

lum, 662 ; P. vaccinifolium, 505
Polygonums, 508
Polypodium chnoodes, 327
Poppies, 38

Poppies, the Shirley, 19, 80
Post-office, the, and newspapers, 727
Potato, Jubilee, 507; Stourbridge

Glory, 419
Potato crop, American, 214, 472 ; re-
ports on the, 156
Potato disease, the, 74, 166, 195, 214,
223 ; improvements in, 407 ; planting
deep v. fleet, 538 ; scab experiments,
651, 699; sets, and planting, 386
Potato-tuber beetle, 361
Potatos, cultivation of, 193 ; extraor-
dinary crop of, 419 ; large yield of,
477 ; new varieties of, 392
Pot washing machine, 222
Pot plants, watering, 95
Pots, glazed, for Orchids, 223
Pourthieoea villosa, 506
Presentation to M. Benary, 365 ; to
Mr. Christy, 630; to Mr. Gold-
smith, 535 ; to Mr. Huntley, 248 ;
to Mr. Rabone, 276 ; to Mr. W. H.
Williams, 76 ; to Mr. D. Williams,
417
Primroses, hardy, 631
Primula iaponica. 244 ; P. obconica. 134,
504. 539 ; P. Poissoni, 361 ; P. sinen-
sis, 6 ; P. s. Princess Louise, 506
Primulina tabacum, 356
Priorwood, Melrose, 650
Promena;a stapelioides, 42
Propagation of Combretum and Ipo-

nioea, 664
Pteris cretica uobilis, 560
Public garden, new, for London, 564
Pyrola rotundifolia, 195
Pvrus prunifolia. 560; P. torminalis,

'560
Pyxidanthera barbulata, 594

Queen, the, in Wales, 246

Radiator, the " Uncle Sam," 504
Ragi flower, English consumption of,

663, 699
Railway rates, 162, 471, 501, 564,

693, 754
Railway smoke, soot, &c, 247
Ramondias, 14
Raspberry, proliferous, 446
Raspberry Superlative, 194
Raspberries, 688
Reichenbach injustice, an, 535; Will,

the, 17; date of, 573 (in obituary

notice of John Ball)
Renanthera coccinea, 242
Rheumatism, new cure for, 305
Rhododendron Falconeri (Isle of Man),

599
Richardia ajthiopica, 354
Richards, Mr. W„ 692
Riley, Professor, honours to, 219
Robin, a yellow, 539
Roezl. memorial to, 387

Rogers family, the, 629

Root pruning, 622

Roots of Orchids, 272

Rosa berberidifolia, 8, 42, 668; pro-
liferous, 78; R. gigantea, 12; R.
laevigata, 496 ; R. pomifera, 248

Rosccea, purpurea, 186, 249

Rose Duchesse de Dino, 599 ; For-
tune's vellow, 69 ; Princess Ste-
phanie,'352; Rubens, 162; The
Puritan, 49 ; the white Moss, 19

Rose, a remarkable, 472

Rose beds, 696

Rose Conference, the, 16, 47, 66

Roses, attar of, 542 ; attar of, in Cyprus
and Germany, 728 ; forms of, 40 ;
hybridisation "in 695 ; in 1889, 473; in
pots, 698 ; in winter, protection of, 10;
moss, 750 ; new, of 1887, 474 ; new, of
1888, 474 ; pot culture and propaga-
tion of, 213 ; protection of, in winter,
68 ; shortening the names of, 96 ;
single, 351 ; Tea, at Taunton, 447 ;
unpruned, 305 ; what to plant, 588 ;
yellow, origin of, 73

Royal Aquarium, proposed shows at,
534

Royal Botanic Society, 192 ; gardens
of, 184 ; Jubilee Fete of, 74

Royal Horticultural Society, 415 ;
arrangements of, for 1890, 693, 731 ;
Certificates of, SO ; finances of, 47 ;
floral committees, 732, 758 ; a hint for
333; time of meetings of, 471, 506,
538, 602; plants certificated by,
718

Royal Scottish Arborieultural Society,
164 ; excursion of, 181

Rubus occidentalis, 110; R. odoratus,
189

Rudbeckia laevigata, 385 ; R. purpurea,

385
Rudbeckias, 654

Rural industries, encouragement of,
444

Sacred tree, an ancient, 535

Salads, winter, 494, 539

Salep, Royal, 304

Salvias, 354, 652 ; at La Mortola, 720

Sambucus racemosus, 506

Sandleford Priory, 664

San Francisco, park of, 736

Satyrium coriifolium, 388

Satyriums in flower, 165

Saxifraga Fortunei, 526, 633 ; S. F.

and its allies, 508 ; S. Macnabiaua,

295 ; S. Wallichiana, 526, 567
Scabioaa major, fl.-pl. Snowball, 503
Scabious, sweet, 139
Schizanthus, 139
Schizostylis coccinea, 652
Schceteria Delastrina, 506
School botanical gardens, 566, 592
Schools of horticulture, 684, 758 ;
Schubertia grandiflora, 354, 476
Sciadopitys verticillata, 164, 222, 278,

303
Science and art classes in North

London, 276

Scientific Committee: — Abies Nord-
manniana, 20, 168 ; Amorphophallus
titanum, 19 ; Apple, Lady, 507 ;
Burrs on Fir trees, 106; caterpillars,
blight of, 19 ; Chrysanthemums,
origin of, 602 ; Chrysanthemums,
monstrous, 602 ; Clematis vitalba,
603; Fern, prothallus, with water
pores (?), 168; fog, report on the
effects of, 507 ; Gentiana amarella and
G. germanica, 507 ; hail, effects of, at
Kew, 168 ; Mint, flowering, 168 ;
Mint with spiral torsion, 168 ;
Oranges attacked by fly, 507 ; Peas,
diseased, 168, 507 ; Pelargonium,
ivy-leaved diseased, 168; Plum
leaves blighted, 168 ; Poa pratensis,
20 ; Potato, reversion in, 603 ;
Potato, water culture of, 168 ; Pinus
austriaca injured, 168 ; Pyrethrum

The Gardeners' Chronicle,]

INDEX.

[December 28, 1889. Vll

attacked by insects, 19 ; Rhododen-
dron and Azalea bigener, 507 ; K.
Indico-javanieum bigener, 602 ; Rosa
berberidifolia, 19 ; Rose of Lan-
caster, red, 168; Rubus occidentalis,
168; Sex, change of, induced by a
parasitic fungus, 507 ; Urtica dioica
monoecious, 20 ; Vegetable Marrow
malformed, 168

Scotland, 198, 305 ; flora of, and

human agency, 103; wild flowers of,

164
Scottish Meteorological Soc, 565
Scrophularia nodosa variegata, 159
Seaside plants, 220
Season, the, 602
Seed harvest of 1889, 565
Seed trade, 270 ; American 472
Seeds in Germany, 471 ; sprouting of,

407
Selenipedium caudatum, 95
Senecio petasites, 46
Servia, fruit and vegetable culture in,

662
Seseli gummiferum, 360
Sewage, 49

Sex, determination of, 733
Shipley Hall. Orchid houses at, 214
Shoots of Spruces nibbled by birds, 223
Slugs in the garden, 80, 633
Sobralia leucoxantha, 186

Societies, Exhibitions of, &c. : —
Aberdeen, Royal Horticultural of,
310, 450; Antwerp, 600; Ather-
stone, 192 ; Barton - on - Humber,
670 ; Basingstoke, 251 ; Bath,
309; Belfast, 702; Berkhamsted,
387 ; Birmingham, 599, 635 ; Boston,
55; Bradford, 606; Brighton, 336,
603 ; Carnation and Picotee Union,
168; Chiswick, 53, 598; Chrysan-
themum Conference, 540 ; Croydon,
604 ; Crvptogamic of Scotland, 421 ;
Crystal Palace, 307, 421, 572 ; Dal-
keith, 305; Derby, 634; Devizes,
603 ; Devon and Exeter, 251, 634 ;
Dutch Horticultural, 389, 638;
Ealing, 81, 571; Eastbourne. 253;
Edinburgh Botanical, 81, 628, 633,
734 ; Edinburgh Chrysanthemum,
606,637,669; Edinburgh Plum Con-
ference, 335 ; Edinburgh Working
Men's, 220; Falmouth, 635 ; Finch-
ley, 535 ; Frome, 164 ; Ghent, 638 ;
Gosport, 542 ; Gravesend, 599 ;
Hammersmith, 565 ; Harpenden,
280 ; Hastings, 223 ; Highgate, 605 ;
Hitchin, 606; Hull (see N. S. S.
Provincial. 636) ; Ipswich, 571,
Jeisey, 598; Kent County, 571;
Kingston, 604 ; Leicester, 197 ;
Leith. 254 ; Linnean. 24, 597, 662,
693; Liverpool, 170, 668; Maiden-
head, 225; Manchester, 192, 606;
Musselburgh, 254; National Auri-
cula (s. s.), 478 ; National Chrysan-
themum, 309, 420, 449, 478, 541,
568, 637, 669, 701 ; National Pro-
vincial, 636 ; National Carnation and
Picotee. Ill ; National Co-operative,
225 ; National Dahlia, 306 ; National
Rose, 49, 112, 669; Newcastle,
336 ; North of Scotland Horticultural.
471 ; North of Scotland Root, 572 ;

Notts, 332 ; Orchid&nne of Brus-
sels, 565, 694; Oxfordshire, 281;
Paris, 220 ; Pembroke, 603 ; Ports-
mouth, 81, 571 ; Reading, 605, 280;
Reigate, 605 ; Richmond, 25; Rom-
sey, 164 ; Rose Conference, 20 ;
Royal Caledonian, 53, 308, 701 ;
Royal Horticultual, 19, 52, 111, 168,
196, 223, 250, 306, 335, 363, 393,
419, 477, 507, 540, 602, 700, 733,
757 ; Royal Horticultural of Ire-
land, 254, 604; St. Neot's, 193,
572; Salisbury, 572; Scottish Hor-
ticultural, 54i 170, 281, 393, 541,
566, 606, 637, 609, 701; Scot-
tish Pansy ; Scottish Primula, 701 ;
Sevenoaks, 253; Sheffield, 598;
Shrewsbury, 252 ; Smithfield Club,
730; Southampton, 169; South-
end, 603 ; Stirling, 336 ; Stock-
port, 638; Taunton Deane, 224;
Teddington, 605; Thames Ditton,
170; Tiverton, 629; Torquay, 18;
Trentham, 170; Trowbridge, 253;
Tunbridge Wells, 113, 604 ; Twicken-
ham, 54, 635 ; Vegetable Con-
ference, 363; Walton, 604; War-
wick Amateurs. 163; Watford, 75,
634 ; Westbourne, 19S ; Wilts, 254 ;
Winchester, 25; Wolverhampton,
82 ; Woolhope Club, 449 ; Yarmouth.
599 ; York florists, 636

Solanum glaucophyllura, 183 ; S.
Wendlandi, 304

Sorbus aucuparia and S. americana,
560

Sparrows, 666

Spathoglottis Vieillardi, 186

Spinach, Victoria, 594 ; S. Viroflay,
633

Spirrea Douglasii, 476 ; S. japonica,
14 ; S. palmata, 80 ; S. palmata
elegans, 568

Spiraas, shrubby, poisonous nature of,
419

Spotting of Peaches and Cucumbers,
355

Spraying fruit trees, 72 ; effects of, 141

Spring, prospects of, 632

Sorouting of seeds, 407

Stachys, 164, 220, 599, 633

Stamford Lodge, Chrysanthemums at,
632

Stanley's travels, 628

Stapelia gigantea, 192

Starch in leafstalks, 418

Stenoglottis fimbriata, 438

Stevens, Mr. G.'s nursery, 536

Stock-taking : June, 75 ; July, 192 ;
August, 331 ; September, 443 ;
October, 565 ; November, 694

Stocks, East Lothian, 139

Stokesia cyanea, 658

Strawberry, a new, 49 ; British Queen,
80, 140, 279 ; Laxton's Noble, 7,
79 ; Waterloo, 140

Strawberries, 48 ; blind, 19 ; plague
on, 49 ; planting, 418, 476 ; prices
of. 18

Sander, Messrs. F. & Co.'s. nursery,
624

Summer growths, 80

Sunflowers, double, 334 ; double yellow,
445, 506; perennial, 623; single
and double, 445

Sunningdale, sale of stock at, 387

Swakeleys, 408

Sweden, tree planting in, 48

Sweet Pea, the, 392

Syon Gardens, Brentford, 527

Syringa villosa, 47

Tacsonia Volxemii, 139

Thames Embankment, trees on the,

222
Thomson's, Messrs., nursery, Cloven-
fords, 496
Thoresby, 182

Thorns, for smoky districts, 733
Thuia, an aged, 662
Tillandsia Lindeni, 387
Timber, Japanese, 198 ; creosoting,

703 ; preserving, 703, 728
Tiptree Hall Farm, 389
Tobacco at the Cape, 542
Tomato, a dessert, 278; Ham Green

Favourite, 17, 305 ; Perfection,

595,732; Twickenham Red, 362
Tomatos, 509 ; under glass, 190 ;

watering and mulching, 19
Tongues in trees, 321, 438, 557, 649,

717
Town gardening, 534, 716
Town trees, 134, 165, 196, 198, 222
Tree bridge over a ravine in Gipps-

land, 107
Tree Btruck by lightning, 18, 140,

448
Trees and shrubs, 9, 39, 189, 474, 560,

594, 670 ; at Segrez, 474
Trees and vestries, 104 ; enemy of big,

594 ; for towns, 134, 165, 196, 198,

222; Japanese dwarfed, 136, 360;

on the Thames Embankment, 222 ;

protecting from rabbits, &c, 667 ;

property in, 332; temperature of,

599
Tritoma (see Kniphofia)
Tropajolum nanum, 503 ; T. apecio-

sum, 219
Tuberoses in the open, 353
Tuileries, the site of the, 75
Tulipa Batalini. 469 ; T. Maximowiczi,

469
Tulips, new, 469
Tulip tree, the Chinese, 718
Turner's Mr., nursery, Uxbridge, 268

Ulmus campestris var. tricolor, 49

Umberslayde Hall, 323

United Horticultural Benefit and

Provident Society, 48, 472
United States, agricultural produce,

163 ; national flower of the, 392

Vancouver's Island, 593

Vanda Kimballiana, 165, 294, 333; V.

Lowii, 325
Vegetable conference, 167, 190, 191,

218, 220, 302, 305, 332, 358, 363,

386, 598 ; Certificates of Merit at.

365, 393

Vegetables, 44, 139, 509, 594; at
Bloemfontein, 472; food of, 446;
from France, 502 ; old, 417

Vegetation, insects injurious to, 416

Veitch, dinner to Mr. H. J., 444

Veitch, Messrs. J. & Sons' nursery, 77,
97, 295, 324, 382, 387, 388, 504

Verbenas, cut, at flower shows, 279,
333

Veronicas, disease of, 506 ; New Zea-
land, 623

Victoria, Wattle Bark in, 384

Vilmorin, Andrieux & Co., the firm
of, 727

Vine from China, 528

Vines, Italian, 189 ; manures for, 755

Violas, bedding, 243

Violet Marie Louise, 667

Vriesia Maritc x , 566

Waddesdon* Manor, 39

Walks, concrete, 538

Walks, turf, in the kitchen gardens,

505, 538, SOS, 601; and carriage

drives in gardens, 601
Wallace, Dr. A., 629
Ware, Mr. T. S.'s nursery, 504
Wasing Place, 664
Wasps, 223

Waterer's, Mr. A., nursery, 8
Waterer's, Messrs. J. & Sons, nursery,

382
Watering of Pot-plants, 95
Water-rats, 632
Wattle Bark in Victoria, 384
Wax, Chinese white, 44
Weather, the stormy, 219
Weeds, 473
Welbeck, 182
Wheat crop of 1889, 501
Wheat, Ladoga, 599 ; varieties of, 163
AVilliams, Messrs. B. S. & Son, 509
Williams, B. S. & Son's, nursery, 18,

535, 755
Window-plant competition, 248
Winter moth (see Moth)
Women's work, 76
Worksop Manor, 182
Wreaths, Egyptian, 17

Year's work, the, 752

" Yellows," Iron for, 278

Yemen, 694

Yorkshire, a garden in north-west,
494

Young, Mr. Maurice, 685

Yucca aloifolia, 249 ; Y. gloriosa varie-
gata, 305 ; Y. g. v., in flower, 276

Zinnia Haageana, 75
Zizvphus vulgaris, wood of, in Italy,
629

Vlii Tlie Gardeners' Clirouicle.)

INDEX.

[December 28, 1889.

LIST OF ILLUSTEATIONS.

Abutilon vitifolium var. alba, 157

Adiantum regin;e, 557

Alpine botanic garden, views of an,

325, 328
Amorphophallus titanum at Kew in

various stages, 12, 20, 21
Anthocoris minutus, 537
Araucaria imbricata. leaf structure of,

688

Banksia marginata with curled leaves,

251
Bark mite, 760

Beetle causing Palms to branch, 274
Berkeley, the late Kev. M. J., 135
Botanic Gardens, Cambridge, new

houses at, 12'J
Buddleia auriculata, 529
Bulb, an inverted Narcissus, 731
Bulb of Scilla developing offsets, 731
Burbidge. Mr. F. W., M.A., portrait of,

213

Calanthe sport, 633

Cambridge Botanic Garden, new houses
at, 129

Carnation fungus, the, 195

Castle Ashby, scene in the park, 471 ;
terrace garden, 465

Cat, a tortoiseshell, 729 ; used to pro-
tect seeds, &c, from birds, 728

Cattleya- house, Mr. Hollington's, 390

Chrysanthemum Mrs. Alpheus Hardy,
533

Chrysanthemum, a trained, 525

Chrysanthemum pests, 537

Chrysanthemum sport, 632

Chrysanthemums, a group of. at Coombe
Leigh, Kingston-on-Thames. (See
Supplement, December 14.)

Clethra arborea, 353

Clissold Park, views in, 166, 167

Combretum, propagation of, 665

Coprophilus striatulus, 361

Cordyline australis in Cornwall, 756

Cucumber Lockie's Perfection, 601

Cyclamens, a group of hardy. (See
Supplement, November 30.)

Cycnoches pentadactylon, 188

Daffodil bulbs, lifting, 241
Dahlia gracilis var. superba, 271
lutea, 267

Dendrobium polyphlebium and var. D.

p. Emerici, 244
Disease of Carnations, 195

Enys, Cordyline australis at, 756
Eucalyptus amygdalina used as a
dwelling. (Supplement, July 6.)

Falmouth and district, garden views

at, 749, 753
Ferrieres, the wintsr garden at, 303
Fig tree, a gigantic, at Roscoff, 468
Finsbury Park, view in, 185
Fruit-drying apparatus, 277

Garden, a, of the fifteenth century,

295
Gladioli, types of Lemoine's new

hybrid, 359
Gourds, Indian, 689

Halton, basket Lvd at, 383 ; floral vase
at, 437 ; flower garden at (See
Supplement, October 5) ; winter
garden at (See Supplement, Octo-
ber 19).

Hollies, transplanted, 597

Hollyhocks, a study in, 69

Ipomcea, propagation of, 665

Keteleeria Fortunei, leaf structure of,

688
Kniphofia caulescens, a group of.

(See Supplement, November 16.)

Larkspur, peloria in, 250

Leaf structure of Araucaria imbricata,

688 ; Keteleeria Fortunei, 688
Leaves, curled, in Banksia marginata,

251
Lemons and Oranges, a group of Indian,

721
Leucadendron argenteum, near Table

Mountain, 725
Luton Hoo, hardy fernery at. (See

Supplement, July 20.)

Marnock, the late R., portrait of, 589
Masdevallias, a group of, 621

Narcissus bulb, an inverted, 731 ; N.
juncifolio X muticus, 160 ; N. Ta-
zetta (the Good Luck Lily), 668
Nepenthes Burkeii, 493; Curtisii, 661
New York, view in the Central Park
at, 247

Odontoglossum Pescatorei var., 685
Oodeypore, view in the Maharana's
garden at. (See Supplement, No-
vember 2.)
Oranges and Lemons, group of Indian,
721

Palm beetle, 274

Palm, branching, 275

Palms in the public gardens, Madeira.

(See Supplement, September 21.)
Paulowilhelmia speciosa, 748
Peloria in Larkspur, 250
Penjerrick, view in the gardens at,

749
Phoenix Roebeleni, 475
Phytocoris campestris, 537
Phytolacca dioica in Madeira. (See

Supplement, August 24.)
Pine-apple house, a, in Madeira, 717
Plan of a garden in the lake district,

412; of Dunfermline School Garden,

567 ; of Moston School Garden,

593 ; of Murchiston School Garden,

566

Plans of Rose beds, 697
Plant-collar, expanding, 307
Podophyllum pleianthum, 299
Polemonium pauciflorum, 97
Potato-tuber beetle, 361
Pot-washing machine, 222
Primulina tabacum, 356
Pteris cretica nobilis, 561

Radiator, the " Uncle Sam," 505

Raspberry, prolified, 446, 447

Rosa berberidifolia, 8, 9 ; R. b., pro-
lified flower, 78 ; R. gigantea, 13 ;
R. laevigata, 497

Rose beds, plans of, 697

Rose Rubens. (See Supplement,
August 10.)

Rose, seedling, 79

Roses, ideal forms of, 40, 41, 50, 51

Sage, the late G., portrait of, 109
Salvia Bethelli, 657 ; S. splendens var.

Bruanti, 653
Scarabceus Rhinoceros, 274
Scilla bulb developing offsets, 731
Senecio petasites, 47
Shipley Hall, Orchid-house at, 216
Silver-leaf trees near Table Mountain,

725
Strawberry planting, good and bad,

419
Swakeleys, views at, 409, 415

Tillyard, the late G. B., 305
Tomato house, a, 191
Tree bridge in Gippsland, 105
Tritoma (Kniphofia) caulescens, group
of. (See Supplement, November 16.)

Vanda Kimballiana, 335

Vines in pot for table decoration, 108

LIST OF SUPPLEMENTS.

Chrysanthemums, a Group of, at Coombe Leigh, Kingston, December 14.
Cyclamen, a Group of Hardy, at Sprowston, November 30.
Gum Thee, a Giant, used as a Dwelling, in Victoria, July 6.
Halton, Entrance to Winter Garden at, October 19.
Halton, View in the Flower Gakden at, October 5.

Kniphofia caulescens, a Group of, November 16.

Luton Hoo, View in the Hardy Fernery at, July 20.

Oodeypore, View in the Gardens of H.H. the Maharana of, November 2.

Palms in tbe Public Gardens, Madeira. September 21.

Phytolacca dioica in Madeira, August 24.

Rose (Tea) Rubens, August 10.

Established

No. 132—Yol. VI. {ST™°}

SATURDAY, JULY 6, 1889.

/Rent.

\WITH

Newspaper, f PRICE 3d -
>PLEMENT.\ POST-FEEE, 3£rf.

CONTENTS.

Azaleas at Knap Hill

Maguolias, spring-flower-

Book-

ing

English Flower Garden

Manchester Botanical Gar-

Carnations, hardy

dens

Colonial notes

"Nine Wells "

Cultural memoranda

Oak and Ash, the

Cypripedium De Witt

Odontoglossum Wendland-

Smith

ianum X

Delphiniums

Orchid houses

Dendrobium crystallinum

H»

,, notes

Dii-ease of Daffodils

Plants and their culture .

Dublin University

Ramondias

Egyptian wreaths

Reichenbach's Will

English gardening, his-

Rosa berberidifolia

tory of

,. gigantea

Eucalyptus amygdalina . . .

Rose Conference, the 16

Florists' flowers

Roses, protection of

Flower garden

Shirley Poppies

Flowers in season

Societies : —

Foreign correspondence ...

Linnean

Frutt register

Richmond

Fruits under glass

Royal Horticultural ...

Fungi

Scottish Pansy

Gardeners' Orphan Fund .

Winchester

Hardy fruit garden

Strawberries

Inula grandiriora

„ blind

Kitchen garden

Tomatos, watering

Liquid manure for the

Trees and shrubs ...

garden . *

Weather, the

Mulching

Williams' nursery

Illustrations.

Amorphophallus Titamim 12,20,21

Eucul) ptus amygdalina as a dwelling (Supplement).

Rosa berberidifolia 8,9

,, gigantea ... 13

Advertisers are specially requested to note, that,
under no circumstances whatever, can any
particular position be guaranteed for ad-
vertisements occupying less space than an
entire column.

Now ready. In cloth, lis. 6d.

7*>I£E GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
Vol. V., Third Series, JAN. to JUNE. 1889.
W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

ROYAL BOTANIC SOCIETY,
Gardens, Regent's Park, N.W.
FLORAL PARADE and FEAST of ROSES,
MONDAY, July 15.
Gates open at 2 o'clock. The Bands will play from 2 to 7.
Tickets to be obtained at the Gardens only by Vouchers from
Fellows of the Society, price 10s. each; or on the day of the
F3te, 20s.

ROYAL BOTANIC SOCIETY,
Gardens, Regent's Park, N.W.
FLORAL PARADE and FEAST of ROSES.
LA>T DAY FOR ENTRIES of EXHIBITS, MONDAY,
July 8. Schedule of Prizes and all information to be obtained
from the Office in the Gardens.

ALEXANDRA PALACE.

S. Lee Bapty, F.R H.S., General Manager.
GRAND ROSE SHOW, July 12, 1889.
Liberal Prizes iu all Classes of Ro-es for Vrofessional and
Amateur Growers. Pri/es paid on the day of the show. A
special local Prize for exhibitors residing within five miles of
the Palace. Excellent facilities for Trade Exhibits. In
addition will be celebrated the beautiful festival

" THE CROWNING of the ROSE QUEEN,"
with full pro-ession, choir, band, and organ accompaniment.
Schedules are no-w ready.

R. BEALE, Secretary of the Rose Show, Alexandra Palace.

BEDFORD and BEDFORDSHIRE
HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.
SIXTH ANNUAL SHOW at Bedford. July 17, 18R9. Special
PRIZES for ROSES and CUT FLOWERS. Open to all England.
Entries Close July 9. Schedules and Entry Forms to be
obtained of HENRY TEBBS, Hon. Sec.

Stoneleigh, Bedford.

BARTERS' "TESTED"

FOR PRESENT SOWING.

SEEDS

CABBAGE.— CARTERS' HEARTWELL
MARROW, acknowledged to be the finest early Cabbage
in cultivation, price Is. Qd. per ounce, Qd. and Is. per packet,
post-free.

CARTERS' MAMMOTH BEEFHEART, the best main
crop Cabbage, price Is. Qd. per ounce, Qd. and Is. per packet,
post-free.

T ETTUCE.— CARTERS' GIANT WHITE

J.-i COS, price 2s. 64. per ounce, Qd. and Is. per packet,
post-free.

DUNNETT'S GIANT WINTER COS, price 2s. Qd. per ounce,
Qd. and Is. per packet, post-free.

CARTERS* LONGSTANDER, price Is. and 2s. Qd. per packet,
post-free.

ALL THE YEAR ROUND, price Is. 3d. per ounce, Qd. per
packet, post-free.

ON I O N— CARTERS' GOLDEN GLOBE
TRIPOLI, price Is. and 2s. Qd. per packet, post-free.
CARTERS' GIANT WHITE TRIPOLI, price Is. per ounce ;
Qd. per packet, post-free.

CARTERS' GIANT ROCCA, price Is. 3d. perounce, post-free.
CARTERS' WHITE EMPEROR, price Is. and 2s. Qd. per
packet, post-free.

SPINACH.— WINTER or PRICKLY, price
2s. per quart, Is. 3d. per pint, 3d. per ounce.

ARTERS', Royal Seedsmen by Sealed

Warrants, 237 and 2138, HIGH HOLBORN. LONDON.

PALMS. — Leading decorative sorts in many
sizes, (Treat quantities, and in finest health.
FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Nurseryman, Richmond, Surrey,
and Flower Market, Covent Garden, W.C.

KAFFRARIAN PALM. — Fresh Seeds in
July of HHCENIX RECLINATA.
Apply to Messrs. HURST and SON. 152, Houndsditeh. E. ;
or to J. C. NELSON, Cambridge Nurseries, Kaffraria, South
Africa. Nurserymen's CATALOGUES desired.

PRIMULAS, Double" White, 5.s. per doz., 35s.
per 100. Prices for quantities on application. Terms
cash with order.

TAYLOR and CO.,
Nurservmen, Tiniperley, Cheshire.

HOOPER and CO (Limited), are in a
position to guarantee the highest Market Prices for
EUCMARIS. LILY of the VALLEY, ROSES, ORCHIDS,
ARUM LILIES, and every description of Cut Flowers. Com-
municate with Commission Department.
HOOPER and CO. (Limited), Covent Garden. London, W.C.

AUSTIN ROBERTS is preparedto RECEIVE
CHOICE FLOWERS for Di«po*al at best Market Prices.
Quick Sales, prompt returns, and Weekly Settlements. Good
references. Boxes and Labels supplied.
26, Russell Court, Catherine Street, Strand, London, W.C.

MESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS,
Nurserymen. Sidcup. and 285,286,287.288. Flower
Market, Covent Garden, London, W.C, are open to RECEIVE
CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS in any quantity
for their Commission Department. Boxen and Labels supplied.
Telegraph Address — " COMMISSION, B0>CUP."

JW. BARNHAM (late of Squelch &
• Barnham) RECEIVES ON COMMISSION, GRAPES,
TOMATOS, and other Choice FRUITS ; also FLOWERS. His
personal attention secu-ing highest Market Prices. Account
Sales daily, and cheques at option. Baskets and labels found.
Long Market. Covent Garden. W.C.

WANTED, MAIDENHAIR FERNS, in
small pots, tit to shift on. Also ARUM LILIES,
those that have been rested preferred. State lowest cash
price per 100. — A. ROFE, Crowborough, Sussex.

WANTED, LAD Y~ M IDDLETON
I'ARNATIOM, true. Good price will be given for
good stuff.— JESS, Broadlands, Bexley Heath, S.E.

WANTED, a Small FLORIST and SEED
BUSINESS, with Jobbingaltuched. Suburbs. Must be
ren*onnb!e. — E. B., 16, Norway Terrace, Glo'ster Koad.C'rjydon.

Sow Now.
QUTTONS' FLORISTS' FLOWER SEEDS.—

O Suttons* Perfection Calceolaria, 3s. Qd. and 5s. per packet ;
Sutton's Superb Cineraria, 2s. Qd. and 5s. per packet ; Sutton's
Prize Gloxinia, 2s. Qd. and 5s. per packet; Sutton's Prize
Cyclamen, 2s. Qd. and 5s. per packet; Sutton's Prize Begonia,
2s. Qd. and 5s. per packet; Sutton's Superb Primula, 2s. Qd.,
3s. Qd., and 5s. per packet. All Flower Seed-* sent free by Post.
Sutton's Seeds genuine only Direct from
SUTTON and SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen, READING.

GERANIUMS — GERANIUMS.— All the
finest sorts, from Eugli^h. and Continental raisers, for
Pot Culture for Summer or Winter, bought in every spring;
tried and inferior kin^is discarded. 12 fine Single Zonals, 4s. ;
12 fine Doubles, 4s. ; 12 beautiful Ivy-leaf varieties, 4s.

WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham ;
10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.

LILY OF THE VALLEY.
First-class German tlowering Crowns.

Any quantity.

H. D A M M a N N, Jun,

Breslau.

ROMAN HYACINTHS, NARCISSUS,
LILIUMS, TUBEROSES, and many other FRENCH
BULBS, grown and offered by LOUIS BREMOND, Ms,
Ollioules, Fr.ince.

WHOLESALE LIST on application to WILLIAM DEN-
MAN. 7, Catherine Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C.

EUCHARIS AMAZONICA.— lOfTPlantsTin
No. 8 pots. These are in grand health, with fine
foliage. Warranted free from mite. Only want to be seen.
Will take highest offer.

BIGG, Florist. Jetfrey9 Road, Clapham Road, S.W.

PRIMULAS— PRIMULAS- PRIMULAS.—
Twentieth year of distribution. Williams' Superb Strain,
Is. 6d. per dozen. 10s. per 100. CINERARIAS, same price ;
also double white PRIMULAS, 6d. each. Carriage free for
cash with order.— JOHN STEVENS, The Nurseries. Coventry.

NATIVE PLANTS, FERNS, and SEED'S, of
N**w Zealand :— Ranunculus Lyalli, R. Buchauani, R.
Godleyanus, Conlylinis, Clematis, Celrnisias, Ourisias, &c. —
Can be supplied in any quantity at low rates by GEORGE M \T-
THEWS, Nurseryman and Seedsman, Dunedin, New Zealand.

Dutch Bulbs.

HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUSES, &o.,
all first-class roots. Prices per 1000 on application to
P. van TIL Jz., and CO., Florists, Hillegom, near Haarlem,
Holland.

LAXTON'S NEW STRAWBERRIES
Must be grown by all.
Descriptive LIST, with prices of "Latest of All" (new,
1889), "Noble," "A. F. Barron," "Commander,'' Sec, now
ready. Six 1- inuVclass Certificates.

THOMAS LAXTON, Seed Grower, Bedford.

STRAWBERRY RUNNERS for FORCING.
—Black Prince, Thury, Paxton, President, and other
favourite varieties. Descriptive LIST, with prices, ou appli-
cation. Sample of plants, post-free, 3d.

W. LOVEL and SON, Strawberry Planters, Driffield.

MATERIALS FOR SHADING GREEN-
HOUSES. &c— Tiffany. Scrim Cloth, Cotton Netting,
Summer-Cloud. &c. Patterns aod Priced List free on application.
DIOKSONS (Limited). The Royal Seed Warehouse. CHESTER.

ICOTINE bOAR— An effectual erad.cator

of all insect pests affecting plants, without injury
to foliage. Jars, Is. Qd., 3s., 5s. Qd. ; Tins 16s. Qd., 25s., 95s.
All s.'e smen an! Florists.

-THOMSON'S IMPROVED VINE and PLANT

A. MANURE. — This valuable Manure is made only by us.
Every bag and tin has our name on it. To be had of all Nursery
and Seedsmen, and direct from us. 1 cwt. and over carnage
paid. London Agent— Mr. GEORGE. 10, Victoria Road, Putney.
WM. THOMSON AND SONS. Clovenfords. Galashiels, N.B.

ASTUPLANTA, the best Artificial Manure.

It enriches the soil with the fertilisers drawn from it by
plants; no unpleasant smell; admirably adapted for all pot
plants. In bags : LIS lb.. 19s. ; 66 lb., lis. 3d. ; 2& lb.. 6s. 9d. ;
14 lb., 4s. ; Tib. ,2s. 3d. Intins, Is. each. Sole Manufacturers,
PHILIP HARRIS AND CO.( Limited), 9, Bull Ring, Birmingham.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July G, 1889.

SALES by AUCTION.

Wednesday, July, 17.

SPECIAL SALE of ORCHIDS in FLOWER aud BUD.

MR. J. C. STEVENS begs to announce that
his NEXT SPECIAL SALE of ORCHIDS in FLOWER
and BUD. will take place at his Great Rooms, 38, KiDg Street,
Covent Garden, W.C., on WEDNESDAY, July 17. at half
past 12 o'clock precisely, and he will be glad if gentlemen
desirous of ENTERING LOTS FOR THIS SALE, will please
SEND LISTS NOT LATER THAN THURSDAY NEXT.

Nottlng Hill.— To Florists and others.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL by AUCTION, at the Mart, Tokenhouae Yard,
E.C., on WEDNESDAY. July 10, at 2 o'clock in separate lots,
the BENEFICIAL INTEREST in the LEASES of the PRE-
MISES, Nos. 1 and 2, Ladbroke Grove, and No. 10, The Mall,
High Street, Notting Hill, with the old-established Florist's
Business attache! thereto, Glasshouses, &c, particularly
adapted for the Cut Flower and Furnishing Trades. May be
viewed.

Particulars obtained on the respective premises of SHY,
LUCAS and WARD, Solicitors, and of the Auctioneers, 67 and
68, Cheapside, London, E.C.

Friday, July 12.

HIGHLY" IMPORTANT SALE by order of Messrs. F. Sander &
Co.. offered for the first time, the new specially magnifi-
cent GRAMMATOPHYLLUM MEASURESLANIUM, only
a few plants having been received. The beautiful new
.•ERIDES SARAGEANIUM. The grand new SACCO-
LABRIUM ROBINSONIANUM. For description of the
above three magnificent novelties see Catalogue. ZYGO-
PETALUM LUCIDUM RALF. The only plant flowered,
and very beautiful, for full description tee Gardeners'
Chronicle, June 29th last. The rare and beautiful ODON-
TOGLOSSUM WENDLANDIANUM, CYPRIPEDIUM
ROTHSCHILDIANUM, CATTLEYA CHRYSOTOXA.
Among this lot will be found C. CHRYSOTOXA, C.
SANDERIANA. C. HARDYANA, and others. GAL-
LENDRA DESCAY'NOLLEANA. The magnificent ODON-
TOGLOSSUM HYSTRIX, CATTLEYA MENDELII from
the very best districts ; ODONTOGLOSSUM VEXIL-
LARIUM — the very finest type will be found amongst this
importation; CATTLEYA SUPERBA, from a hitherto un-
searched district; ONCIDIUM SPLENDIDUM— grand lot
of this magnificent species ; ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEX-
ANDRA, best tvpe ; O. LUTEO-PURPUREUM, O. BIC-
TONENSE, O. PULCHELLUM MA.TUS ; the rare ON-
CIDIUM ASCENDENS. Grand importations of the above,
and many other splendid ORCHIDS, for description of
which, see Catalogue.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SKLL the above by AUCTION, at their Central Sale
Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C, on FRIDAY NEXT,
July 12, 1889, at halt-past 12 o'Clock p'ecisely.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Friday Next.

ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
include in their SALE on FRIDAY NEXT, July 12,
about 100 Lots of well-grown ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS;
also 2 Cases of IMPORTED ORCHIDS from Burmah.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Acton.

Important to Florists, Speculators, and Others.

An exceedingly choice FREEHOLD NURSERY or

BUILDING ESTATE

Preliminary.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed to SELL by AUCTION, at the Mart, Token-
house Yard, E.C, on WEDNESDAY, .1ULY 31, in 1 LOT, the
very VALUABLE FREEHOLD ESTATE, known as the Priory
Nursery, Acton Lane, Acton, with the whole of the numerous
and substantially-built Glasshouses, Trade Buildings, &c.
The Estate possesses a considerable frontage to Acton Lane,
and contains a total area of about \\ Acres.

Particulars, with Plan, may be had on the Premises; at the
Mart, E.C; of Messrs. FORD. LLOYD, BARTLETT, &
M1C1IELMORE, Solicitors, 4. Bloomsbury Square, W.C. ;
and of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 07 and OS, Cheapside,
Laiulon, E.C.

Horticultural Grounds, South Kensington, S.W.

By order of the Royal Commissioners of the Exhibition of 1851.
To Gentlemen building, Greenhouse and Conservatory
Builders, Nur.-erymeu, aud others.

MESSRS. HORNE, SON, and EVERS-
FIELD, are instructed to include in their SALE on the
premises on TUESDAY, July 9. at 12 o'Clock, the grand CON-
SERVATORY adjoiuing the Albert Hall, the glazed Cover-
ings and Enclosures over the Quadrants, the Zinc Verandah
-with iron ribs, arched supports, girders, and ornamental columns,
l.V'OO feet super, of Minton's Tesselated pavement, including
three exceedingly ornamental squares, 26 by 21 feet, and 12
by 10 feet. Three " Weeks " Patent Vertical Tubular Boilers,
eight " Weeks " upright and Heating Apparatus, 12,00 i feet
of 4 and 6 inch iron hot water Piping with bends, junctions,
and ends; 800 feet of 16 inch wide ornamental Iron Gratings,
Bra-> Hydrants, and Piping, Decorative Terra Cotta Columns,
Capital-, Krieze, Shields, and Spandrils, specimen Greenhouse
Plnnts and Shrubs in tubs, wire Trellis Work, Statuary, Stone
Vases. Tazzas, &c.

May be viewed a week previous to the sale, and catalogues
had on the premises, and of HORNE, SON and EVERSFIELD,
17, Great George Street, S.W., and 84, Basinghall Street, E.C.

Note.— The Auctioneers beg to call attention to this
favourable opportunity of acquiring first-rate Greenhouse
Materials and Fittings, much of the glazing is in frames
capable of being taken down and re-erected at very little cost,
while man . of the lots would form nearly complete buildings
in themselves. The Grnud Conservatory 240 feet long, 64 feet
wide, and 75 feet high, isnearly entirely constructed of iron and
glass, the fornvr put together with bolts and screws, and pre-
senting no difficulties in the way of re-erection; it will be
first offered as a whole, and if not then soli, then in lots, the
fcr*t lot including the whole of the upper part, which would in
\\>e\i form a Conservatory of about 210 feet long, 44 feet 9
inches wide, and 38 feet high.

Re Glbbs, deceased.— Piccadilly, on the Sutton Estate.

VALUABLE LEASEHOLD PROPERTY, for occupation
or investment,

MESSRS. EDWIN FOX and BOUSFIELD
will SELL, at The Mart, on WEDNESDAY, July 10,
at 2 o'Clock, the valuable GROUND LEASES of the command-
ing modern Residential and Business PREMISES, Nos. 24, 25,
and 26, Down Street, one door from Piccadilly, immediately
opposite the entrance to Junior Athenreum Club, s;x storeys
in height, with capital suites of Chambers on the upper floors,
and Shop, Warehouse, and Counting-house on the ground floor.
Held fof44 years unexpired, at a moderate ground*rent. Pat-t
of the Premises is let on lease to responsible tenants, ap4 pos-
session of the- Business Premises and Manager's House can
be had. The total annual value of the whole may fairly be
taken at £700.

Particulars of Me&srs. HURFORD and TAYLOR, Solicitors,
5, Furnival's Inn. E.C; J. J. FREEMAN, Esq., Solicitor, 2.
Poet's Corner, Westminster, S.W.; at The Mart; and of
Messrs. EDWIN FOX and BOUSFIELD, No. 99, Gresham
Street, Bank, EC.

Good Chance for Florist and Jobbing Trade.
T^OR SALE, a Small NURSERY, Main Road,

JL close to a Station, consisting of three good Greenhouses
(all Span-roof), Frames, Furnace, and Hot- water Piping,
Stock inside and out. Tools, &c, as a Going Concern. Good
London suburb. Must be Sold, or a PARTNERSHIP arranged,
Owner has appointment. Address,

O. G , 41, Wellington Street, Strand, "W.C.

T'HE OLD-ESTABLISHED SEED BUSI-
NESS of THOMAS GIBBS and CO., of Piccadilly,
London, carried on successfully for over a century, is FOR
DISPOSAL, with Goodwill of same, with or without Stock-in-
Trade. Book Debts, &c, by private treatv.

Full particulars to be had of Mr. J. MELADY, 24, Down
Street, Piccadilly, W.

Home Counties.

Adjacent to important Market Town.

\TESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are

1VL instructed to LET or SELL a capital FREEHOLD
PROPERTY, comprising with Residence, Cottage, 11 large
Greenhouses, and ample Outbuildings, particularly adapted for
Fruit and Plant Growing. The Premises are well known, and
have gained a great reputation.

Rent and full particulars furnished on application to the
Avictioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C.

Horticulture.

TO BE SOLD or LET by PRIVATE
TREATY, one of the Old-st-established NURSERIES in
the Kingdom, celebrated for Roses and Fruit Trees, delight-
fully situated in one of the best fruit-growing counties in
England, and admirably adapted for fruit growing upon an
extensive scale. The Nurseries and Grounds comprise 79 acres,
2 roods, 14 perches, stocked with the finest collections of Ro'-es,
Fruit Trees, and choice Hardy Trees, having also very exten-
sive ranges of Glasshouses, commodious Buildings and Offices,
HOUSES for Clerks and Foreman, Large DWELLING-
HOUSE, replete with every convenience. Altogether, this is
one of the most desirable Freehold Properties of the kind ever
offered.

Full particulars and order to view on application to 309,
Midland Comities Herald Office, Birmingham. (2884.)

TO BE LET, from Michaelmas, DYSON'S
FARM, at Edmonton. Comprising a comfortable House,
ample Stabling, Bunching Sheds, and other Buildings; and
38 acres of Market Garden Land, now occupied by Mr.Hollington.
Apply to Messrs. PHILIP D. TUCKETT AND CO., Land
Agents, 10A, Old Broad Street, E.C.

To Florists, &c.

TO LET, a HOUSE and SHOP, N.W.
Excellent opening. Close to large cemetery. Main
thoroughfare. Fast rising neighbourhood. No other near.
Apply by letter to OWNER, A. D., 9, Hasker St., Chelsea, S.W.

To Nurserymen, Florists, and Others.

TO BE LET, at Brentwood, in the midst of a
high-class residential neighbourhood, a LARGE PIECE
of LAND, upon which are a small House and Shop, and several
Greenhouses. The rent is moderate, and to a practical man
with a knowledge of the Cut-flower Trade a nrstrate oppor-
tunity offers itself for establishing a lucrative business. An
allowance would be made by the landlord towards necessary
repairs.

For particulars apply to ALFRED RICHARDS, Auctioneer
and Land Agent, 8, New Broad Street, London, E.C.

Crown Lands. Eltham, Kent.

To NURSERYMEN and MARKET GARDENERS.

TO BE LET, from Michaelmas next, about
35 acres of valuable LAND, in the town of Eltham, as
a Nursery or Market Garden. For particulars apply to
Mr. JOHN CLUTTON, 9, Whitehall Place, Westminster, S.W.

Ponder's End, Middlesex (8 miles from London).

To NURSERYMEN and FLORISTS.

TO BE LET, on Lease, one to twenty acres
of rich MEADOW LAND for 21, 60, or 80 years at £10 to
£12 per acre, with option of Purchasing the Freehold during
the first 9 years.

Apply to A. and G. GUIVER, Land Agents, Ponder's End,
Middlesex.

Fifty Nurseries, Market Gardens, Florist and Seed

BUSINESSES to be DISPOSED OF.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS'
HORTICULTURAL REGISTER contains full parti-
culars of the above, and can be obtaiued, gratis, at
67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C.

ORCHIDS.— Clean, well-grown plants, at low
prices. Specimen Orchids a specialty. Price List free,
JAMES CYPHER, Exotic Nurseries, Cheltenham.

T UTON HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

\-U ANNUAL SHOW, JULY 21 and 25. Open Division,
First Prize £10. For particulars, apply to

J. GARDENER, Hon. Sec.
30, Langley Street, Luton, Beds.

TRENTHAM and HANFORD
HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.
The SECOND ANNUAL EXHIBITION -will be held iu
Trentham Gardens, on JULY 25, by kind permission of the
Duke of Sutherland. PRIZES to the amount of ONE HUN-
DRED and FIFTY POUNDS will "be given. First Prize Col- '
lection. Fruit, 8 dishes, distinct, £7. 36 Roses, distinct, £8.
Entries close, July 17. For Schedules, apply,

JOHN TAYLER. Trentham, Stoke on-Trent.

STAMFORD and DISTRICT HORTICUL-
TURAL SOCIETY'S SHOW, FRIDAY and SATUR-
DAY', August 9 and 10. Special Prizes (open to all) for Roses.
For -schedules. Sec., apply, ARTHUR WM. EDWARDS, Sec.

SHREWSBURY GREAT FLORAL FETE,

O WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY, August 21 and 22.— For
Twenty Plants, £25. £20, £15. For Grapes, £60. Collection
of Fruit. £10, £6, £3. Collection of Vegetables, £5, £3, £2.
Messrs. Webb's Prizes for a Collection of Vegetables, £5, £3,
£2, £1. Valuable Prizes -off ered by_ .Messrs... Sutton Ji .Sons.
Schedules may be had from

Messrs. ADNITT and NAUNTON, Hon. Sees., Shrewsbury.

TNTERNATIONAL CHRYSANTHEMUM

JL CENTENARY EXHIBITION, to be held in Edinburgh, on
NOVEMBER 21, 22, and 23, 1889. Prizes offered in Money and
Silver Cups, to value over TWO HUNDRED and FIFTY*,
POUNDS, including the " City of Edinburgh" Cup, value £J0.
Prize Schedules and Rules to be had on application, to
Messrs. MUNRO and FERGUSON (Joint Hon. Secretaries), 6,
South Saint Andrew Street, Edinburgh.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

(JOHN COWAN), Limited,

Make SPECIALTIES of the following: —

ORCHIDS, of which they have an immense stock, and they are
constantly receiving fresh importations from various parts
of the world.

ORCHID BASKETS, made of the best Teak and Copper Wire.

COWAN'S PATENT ORCHID POTTERY, which should he
used for all Orchids.

ORCHID PEAT Of best quality. Sphagnum MOSS. Best
Wood CHARCOAL.

TEA and Other ROSES In pots. The Company have a
large and splendid stock, all healthy and vigorous.

FERNS, a large and fine stock of the leading kinds.

GRAPE VINES. The Company's Stock is, as usual/unsur-
passed by any in the country. Strong Vines raised from
eyes this season, tit for immediate planting.

STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANrS, suitable for table
and other purposes, in great variety.
The Company offer all the above at the lowest possible

prices. Descriptive PRIOE LISTS, post-free, on application to

THE VINEYARD AND NURSERIES,
GAKSTON, LIVERPOOL.

Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocus, Lilies, Sec.

CG. VAN TUBERGEN, Jun., Haarlem,
• Holland.— Wholesale CATALOQUE now ready, and
may be had free on application to

Messrs. R. SILBERRAD ASD SON, 26, Savage Gardens,
Crutched Friars, London, E.C.

LILIES OF THE VALLEY!
English-grown !
The best for early forcing, finest large flowers, and superior
in every respect to German crowns. Price per 1000, 10.000, to
100,000 on application.

T. JANNOCH, Lily of the Valley Grower by Special Appoint-
ment to H.R.H. The Prince of Wale's, Dersingham, King's
Lynn, Norfolk.

Trade only.

DAFFODILS.— Hartland's famous Bulbs,
grown within 10 miles of the sea, soil limestone, 3 feel
in depth, resting on gravel. Prices' very moderate. Bulbs
magnificent, and being lifted now. Delivery, July and early
August, a good month in advauce of the Dutch deliveries.
Write for 4 page List of Illustrations by Gertrude Hartland.

WM. BAYLOR HARTLAND, Old Established Seed Ware-
house, 24, Patrick Street, Cork.

ROSES— CLEMATIS— ROSES— all in pots,
can be sent and planted any time ; the finest named
sorts. See Catalogue, with colours, description-*, prices of
these, and all you want for a Garden, free for 3 stamps.
12 fine TEA and NOISETTE ROSES, 15,5. ; 12 Hybrid Perpetual
ROSES, 12s. ; 12 Extra-sized Tea and Noisettes to force now,
30s. ; for Arbours, Pillars, Walls, &c.

3 CLEMATIS, in 3 distinct colours. 3s. Qd. ; 6 CLEMATIS,
in 3 distinct colours, 6s. ; 12 CLEMATIS, in 3 distinct colours,
10s. 6d.

WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nurseries, Altrincham ;
10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.

PALMS AND FOLIAGE.

SPECIALTIES.

An immense Stock always on hand of the leading varieties,
in finest possible condition. ARECAS, CHAM/EROPS. CORY-
PHAS, COCOS, KENTIAS, LATANIAS, SEAFORTHIAS,
P1KENIX, FICUS ELASTICA, ARALIAS. A very large Stock
of extra-sized plants of the above varieties, from 6 to 12 feet.

WILLIAM ICETON, Putney Park Lane, Putney; and 129 &
130, Covent Garden Flower Market.

July t>, 1889.]

TEE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

CARDENERS ORPHAN FUND.

NOTICE.

THE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING
of the SUBSCRIBERS to this FUND will be held nt the
" CANNON STREET HOTEL," on FRIDAY, July 19th next,
for the purpose of receiving the Report of the Committee and
the Accounts of the Fund for 1888-9, Electing Officers for the
ensuing year. Amending Rule XII. and for the Election of
Five Children to the benefits of the Fund.

The Chair will be taken at 2 o'clock precisely, and the
Ballot will close at 4 o'clock.

The Dinner will be held the same evening at 5 o'clock.
Tickets, 5s. each.

A. F. BARRON, Hunorary Secretary.
Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens,

Chiswick, London, W.
My, 1889.
P.S.— The Voting Papers have all been issued ; any Subscriber
not having received one, is requested to communicate
with the Secretary.

PRIMULAS (Double White).— Well estab-
lbhed, strong plants in 60's. 20s. per 100, £8 per 1000.
Cash with order.

SMITH AND LARKE, Ashford, Middlesex.

King's Acre Nurseries, near Hereford.

JOHN CRANSTON and CO. beg to announce
that their superb Collection of ROSES is now in full Uoom.
Inspection invited.

f~ > HUB ARB— 20,000 large Roots, ten years
li old, suitable for forcing. £1 per 100, on rail. Cash with
order. .T. J. CLARK, West Brighton, Sussex.

PRIZE MEDAL

LAWN GRASS
SEED.

SPECIAL MIXTURES
For Lawns, Croquet and Tennis Greens,
Cricket Grounds, Ornamental Parks,
Cemeteries, &c.

We have pleasure in stating that we were awarded, at the
Newcastle Exhibition, 1887, THE ONLY SILVER MEDAL,
for the superior and genuine qualities of our Lawn Grass.

Our Special Mixture per lb., Is. ; per bush., 203.

Extra fine, suitable for Tennis^ iq drl 95q

Ccurts and Bowling Greens ( " "■ *u' " Am-

WILLIAM FELL & CO.,

ROYAL SEED and NURSERY ESTABLISHMENT,

HEXHAM, NORTHUMBERLAND.

C~~UTBUSH'S MILL-
TRACK MUSHROOM SPAWN.
—Too well known to require descrip-
tion. Price, 65. per bushel (Is. extra
per bushel for package), or Qd. per
cake ; free by parcel post, 1*.

None genuine unless in sealed pack-
ages and printed cultural directions
I enclosed, with our signature attached.
I WM. CUTBUSH and SON,
. j Nurserymen and Seed Merchants,
** Highgate Nurseries, N.

GENUINE GARDEN REQUISITES,
as supplied to the Royal Gardens. All Sacks free.
Cocoa-nut Fibre Refuse, fresh, 1 sack, Is. 3d.; 10 sacks for
12s. ; 15 for 17s. ; 20 for 20s. ; 30 for 28s. ; 2 ton truck free on
rail, 30s. Best Brown Fibrous Kent Peat, 5s. per sack ; 5 for
22s. 6d. ; 10 for 35s. Best Black Peat, 4s. 6i. per sack ; 5 for 20s.
Coarse Bedfords' Sand, Is. 6d. per bushel; 14s. half ton ; 25s.
per ton. Potting Composts, 5s. per sack. Genuine Peruvian
■ Guano, Crushed Bones, Fertilisers, &c. Fresh Sphagnum
Moss, 2s. 6rf. per bushel; 6s. per sack. Charcoal, 2s. 6<?. per
bushel; 8s. per sack. Flower Sticks, painted and unpainted ;
Labels, and Bamboos. Best Raffia, Is. per lb. ; 7 lb. foros. 6d.
Pure Leaf Mould, Peat Mould, and Yellow Fibrous Loam, each
Is. per bushel ; 3s. per sack. Speciality Tobacco Paper, and
Cloth, Is. per lb. ; 28 lb. for 26s. Mushroom Spawn, best
quality, 4s. per bushel. Russia Mats, 10s. to 18s. per dozen.
Virgin Cork, 28 lb., 5s. 6rf.; 56 lb., 10s. ; 1 cwt., 17s. Write
for free Price List.— W. HERBERT and CO., Hop Exchange.
Southwark Street, London, S.E. (near London Bridge).

BONES !— BONES! !— BONES ! ! !

Crushed Bones in all sizes for Vine Borders, Lawns, Potting,
(Grass Lands, &c. Also BONE MEAL for Poultry Feeding
.GARDEN GUANO, DISSOLVED BONES, Special MANURES
Jand FERTILIZERS for all purposes.

For Prices, apply to

HARRISON, BARBER & CO. (Limited),

UAKRETT LANE, WANDSWORTH, SURREY, S.W.

BEESON'S MANURE.— The Best and
Cheapest Fertiliser for all purposes. Write for Circular
containing the Leading Gardeners' and Market Growers'
Reports. Sold in Tins, Is., 25. Qd., 5s. Qd., and 10s. Qd. each,
or 1 cwt. Bags, sealed, 13s. By all Seedsmen, or apply direct to
W. H. BEESON. Carbrook Bone Mills, Sheffield.

For Green and Black Fly, American Blight, Camellia

Scale, Red Spider, Mealy Bug, Brown and White Scale,
Worms, Wood Lice, &c.

^ DTY?<ODM A " THE UNIVERSAL
IT I \J 4\ Ci k\ /a 5 INSECTICIDE.

SAFE— ECONOMICAL— EFFECTUAL.
15, Princes Street, Edinburgh, July 15, -1837 .—"Dear
Sirs, I have thoroughly tested a sample of a new Insecticide
which you were so good to send me. At the rate of 1 oz. to a
gallon of water at a temperature of 95° I find it kills Green
Fly immediately. Double this strength, or 2 oz. to a gallon at
120°, seals the fate of Scale of all sorts in a few seconds ;
while 3 oz. to gallon at same temperature effectually dissolves
Mealy Bug, aud to far as I have yet observed, without the
slightest injury to leaf or flower, and it is withal a most
agreeable compound to work with. All our insect remedies
are applied through common syringe, or garden engine, a much
severer test ot efficiency than when applied by hand-washing
or tpray.— I remain, dear sirs, yours truly. (Signed) A.
MACKENZIE," of Messrs. Methven & Sons.

Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper Holloway, London,
January 7, 1888. "Gentlemen— I have given your Insecti-
cide, ' Picrena,' a good trial in competition with many others.
I am pleased to say that I have found it to be more effectual
in destroying Mealy Bug and other insects than anything we
have ever used. It ought to command a good sale. (Signed)
B. S. WILLIAMS."

Sold by Chemists, Nurserymen, and Florists,
in Bottles at is. Gd„ 2s. Qd„ and 3s. Qd. ; in Tins (1 and 2
gallons), 10s. Qd. and 20s. each ; in quantities of 5 gallons and
upwards, 9s. per gallon.

Prepared only by

DUNCAN, FLOCKHART & CO., Chemists to the Queen,

Edinburgh.

May be had from B. S. WILLIAMS, Victoria and Paradise
Nurseries, Upper Holloway, London ; and from

WILLIAM EDWARDS AND SON, 157, Queen Victoria
Street, London.

GARDEN

I REQUISITES. 1

Two Prize Medals.

Quality, THE BEST in the Market. (All sacks included.)

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process),

sacks. Is. \d. each; 10sacks,12s.6^.; 15sacks,17s.6rf., 20sacks,

20s. ; 25 sacks, 24s. ; 30 sacks, 27s. ; 40 sacks, 35s. ; 50 sacks,

40s. ; Truck-load, loose, free on rail, 30s. Limited quantities

of G., special quality, granulated iu sacks only, 2s. Qd. each

GENUINE ORCHID PEAT, 8s. Qd. per sack ; 5 sacks, 40s. ;

BEST BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. per sack ; 5 for 22s. Qd.

BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 4s. 6d. per sack; 5 for 20s.

COARSE SILVER SAND, Is. 6^. per bushel ; 14s. half toi. ;

24s. per ton. Yellow Fibrous Loam, Compost, Leaf and Peat

Mould, Is. per bushel. Tobacco Cloth or Paper, Is. per lb.

Special Manures, Peat-Moss Litter, Crushed Bones, Virgin

Cork, &c, &r. Write for Price List.

Terms strictly Cash with order.

CHUBB, ROUND & CO., West Ferry Road, Mlllwall,

London, E. Bankers — Union Bank of fjmdon.

BENTLEY'S
WEED DESTROYER.

Mr. Elworthy, Nettlecombe Court, writes: —
" I have tried two factors, but I find yours much the most de-
structive, yot full particulars apply to
J. BENTLEY,
CHEMICAL WORKS. BAKROW-OX-HI'MBER. HULL.

SAVE HALF THE COST.

G A R S I D E'S

BEDFORDSHIRE

SILVER SAND

Coarse and Fine,

Is admitted by the leading Nurserymen to be the Best
Quality obtainable in the Trade.

Consumers should Buy Direct from the Owner of these
Celebrated and Extensive Pits, which contain a practically in-
exhaustible supply of Splendid Sand, and thus save half the
ordinary cost. NO TRAVELLERS OR AGENTS.

Apply direct to the Proprletof for Samples and Price.

Free on Rail or Canal. All Orders executed with the utmost
promptness and under personal supervision. Special Rail-
way Rates in force to all parts.
GEO. GARSIDE, Jun., F.R.H.S., Lelghton Buzzard, Beds.

TOBACCO PAPER, best quality, Is. per lb. ;
11 lb., 13s. Do. CLOTH, is. per lb. ; 14 lb., 13s. Do.
FIBRE, much stronger, and better than Cloth or Paper, Is. per
lb.; 14 1b., 13s. 28 lb. carriage paid to any station. TheTrade
supplied.— PEIRCEANDCO.,BelvoirRd.. St. Andrews, Bristol.

ORCHID PEAT, best quality; BROWN
FIBROUS PEAT for Stove and Greenhouse use. RHO-
DODENDRON and AZALEA PEAT. Samples and Prices to
WALKER and CO., Farnborough, Hants.

SULPHIDE of POTASSIUM (Harris).— A
certain cure for Mildew on Plants, Red Spider, Aphis,
&c. Enough to make 32 gallons of solution, free for Is. 3d,
The only kind to use is " Harris's specially prepared Sulphide
of Potassium." Sole Manufacturers : —
PHILIP HARRIS and CO.<Limited),9,Bull Ring, Birmingham.

LEMON OIL INSECTICIDE.—
The best of all preparations for easily, cheaply, and
effectually cleaning Plants from Green-fly, Thrip Scale, Bug,
&c. Follow the directions, and you will always use it.

Pint, Is. Qd. ; quart, 2s. 9d. ; £ gallon, 5s. ; 1 gallon, 9s. ; 4
gallons, 3-ls. Ask your seedsman for it, or apply to

WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfleld Nursery, Altrincham;
10 and 12. Market Street, Manchester.

SAFE, SURE, CHEAP, and RELIABLE.

THE

DEMON

Mealy Bug

Mildew

Scale

Blight

Green Fly

Red Spider

Slugs

Insect Pests

of any
description

INSECTICIDE.

The surest, safest, most effective, and
econoynical Insecticide ever invented for
use alike in the Greenhouse, Flower and
Kitchen Gardens.
1 gallon makes 160 gallons of Insecticide.

On Receipt of Sixpence in Stamps
we will post free, to any address, a sample
j-pint tin — a practical trial will speak
louder than words.

Testimonials constantly received.

Prices, delivered free to any address: —
1 pint, Is, 6a!. ; 1 quart, 2s. ; ^.gallon, 3s.
1 gallon, 4s. 6a\— tins free. 4 gallons for
8s. — Tin to be returned. Larger quan-
tities at reduced rates. Sole proprietors —

DEtGHTON & CO.,
Manufacturing Chemists, Bridgnorth.

For Destroying Weeds on Garden Walks, Carriage
Drives, Stable Yards, &c, also for Killing
Plantain on Lawns. Saves more tnan twice
its cost in Labour. No Smell.

One application will keep the Walks clear of Weeds for at
least Twelve Months.

Used in tbe crystal palace gardens, the Alex-
andra PALACE GROUNDS, the CAMBRIDGE BOTANIC
GARDENS, and many other Public and Private Gardens.

Mr. W. G. Head, Superintendent of the Crystal Palace
Gardens, says : — " We were so satisfied with your Weed Killer
and its price, that we have used it absolutely. I have every
confidence in recommending it."

Price:— 1 Gallon, 2s. (tin included) ; 5 Gallons, Is.Qd. pel-
Gallon ; 10 to 20 Gallons, Is. id. per Gallon.

Carriage paid on 10 Gallons and upwards.

Used in the proportion of 1 gallon to 25 gallons of water,
and applied with an ordinary watering can.

Sole Proprietors and Manufacturers — The AGRI-
HORTICULTURAL CHEMICAL COMPANY, Tunbridge,
Kent, and Carlton Street, Bolton, Lancashire.

Sold in London by — HURST & SONS, 162, Hounds-
ditch, E. : BARR & SON, 12, King Street, Covent
Garden, W.C. ; A. ROBINSON, 8, Leadenhall Street,
E.C. ; and other Nurserymen and Seedsmen.

Complete Satisfaction Guaranteed

To all using preparations bearing our Trade Mark in
accordance with our directions. Refuse Imitations,

THE SWIFT & SURE' INSECTICIDE.

Bottles, 1/6 6 3/6; gall., 10/6; 4 galls., 30/

•PERFECT WEED KILLER.-Gallon, 2/;

5 gal., 1/9, 10 gal., 1/6, 40 gal.. !/4 p. gal.

•PERFECT WORM DESTROYER.-

Bottles, 1/0 & 3/6; gal., 7/6; 5 gal., S/p. gal.

PERFECT" MILDEW DESTROYER-

Buttlcs, 1/ & 2/j gal., 8/; 5 gal., 5/ p. gal.

WITHOUT WHICH
' NONE ARC GENUINE.

•PERFECT" HORTICULTURAL SUMMER SHADINC.-

Tins-l lb., 1/; 2 lbs., 2/; (J lbs., 5/.

Are absolutely Unsurpassed for Cheapness
and Efficiency Combined.
Used at Keto Gardens, Royal Horticultural Gardens, dc.
Single bottles post free at published prices from the manu-
facturers. Special quotations for quantities.
Sole Manufacturers: The

Horticultural & Agricultural Chemical Co.

Principal Agents: BLACKLEY, YOUNQ & CO.,
103 HOLM STREET, GLASGOW.

SOLD BY SEEDSMEN AND FLORISTS.

GLIBRANS EUCHARIS MITE KILLER.

A CURE AT LAST FOR THTS DREADFUL PEST.
Eucharis, treated according to the directions, and grown
with ordinary cultural care, become healthy in a short time,
as a trial will convince. Numerous Testimonials.

Prices: — J pint. 1*. Qd. ; 1 pint, 2s. Qd. ; 1 quart, is. Qd. ;
i gallon, Is. Qd.; 1 gallon, 12s. Qd.

Ask your seedsman for it, or apply to
WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfteld Nursery, Altriuchom;
10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Juia 6, 1889.

MESSRS. BELL'S BOOKS FOR BOTANISTS AND GARDENERS.

Ready Now. Foap. Svo, 3s. Gd.

NAMES and SYNOKYMS of BRITISH PLANTS. Collating the

Nomenclature of the London Catalogue, Bullish Botany, Babingiug's Manual, Bentham's
Flora, and Hooker's Student's Flora. With an Appendix, giving other names and their
synonyms; and a list of authorities for plant names. By the Rev. G. EGERTON- WAR-
BURTON. (Uniform with Mr. Hayward's Botanist's Pocket-Book.)

Sixth Edition, with new Appendix. Fcap. Svo, limp cloth, 4s. 6d.

THE BOTANIST'S POCKET-BOOK. Containing, in a tabulated

form the Chief Characteristics of British Plants, with the Botanical Names, Soil or Situation,
Colour, Growth, and Time of Flowering of every Plant, arranged under its own Order, with
a copious Index. By R. W. HAYWARD.

Post 8vo, 7s. 6rf.
JOHNSON'S GARDENER'S DICTIONARY. With a Revised

Supplement containing all the New Plants and varieties to the end of the year 1880. By N.
E. BROWN, of the Royal Herbarium, Kew. Edited by G. W. Johnson.
SUPPLEMENT, separately, Is. Gd.

Third Edition. Large Post Svo, 7s. *'d.

RAMBLES in SEARCH of WILD FLOWERS, and HOW to

DISTINGUISH THEM. By MARGARET PLUES, Author of Floicerless Plants, British
Grns.-es, &c. With yti Coloured Figures and numerous Cuts.
" This little book has already, we are pleased to note, attained its third edition. We sincerely
wish it that continuance of public favour which it so well deserves." Saturday Review.

A TREATISE on MANURES. By Dr. A. B. GRIFFITHS. F.R.S. \

(Edin.), F.C.S., Principal and Lecturer on Chemistry in the School of Science. Liucoln.
With illustration*. Crown 8vo., 7s. Gd. (Whittake. & Co.)
" The book gives evidences of an immense amount of hard work and extensive reading. We
gladly welcome its appearance as supplying a want long felt in Agricultural literature." Farm
and Home.

" The work is indeed a multum in parvo of information, valuable to the manure maker and
the practical farmer, and must be most strongly recommended." Chemical News.

With 1,937 Full-page Coloured Plates.

SOWERBY'S ENGLISH BOTANY. Containing a Description and i

Life-size Coloured Drawing of every British Plant. Edited and brought up to the Present ;
Standard of Scientific Knowledge by J. T. BOSWELL. LL.D., F.L.S., &c. The Figures by I
J. E. SOWERBY, J. W. SALTER, A.L.S.. and N. E. BROWN. In 12 vols., super-royal Svo,
£24 3s. in cloth, £26 lis. in half-morocco, and £30 9s. whole morocco.
Also in 89 parts, 5s. each, except the Index Part to the whole Twelve Volumes, containing r
Scientific and Common English Names, with their equivalents in French and German. 7s. Gd.

■
BRITISH MOSSES. Their Homes, Aspects, .Structure, and Uses. |

Containing a Coloured Figure of each species, etched from Nature. By F. E. TRIPP. \

Illustrated with 39 beautifully-coloured Plates. New and Revised Edition. Two volumes, '

£2 12s. Gd. Offered at £l 15s.

" It is a book to read, to ponder, to mark, learn, and inwardly digest. . . . Let those who i

want to know the ' moral ' of Mosses enquire within the covers of the volume. He will there find J

that these humble plants have their uses, their virtues, and their mission." Morning 'Advertiser, ;

London: GEORGE BELL & SONS. YORK STREET, COVENT GARDEN.

FERNS A SPECIALTY.

The finest, most varied, choice, and interesting
Collection in the Trade.
1400 species and varieties of Stove, Greenhouse, & Hardy Ferns.
Partially descriptive CATALOGUE free on application.
Illustrated CATALOGUE (No. 21), containing 120 Illustra-
tions, and much valuable information on the Cultivation of
Ferns, Is. Gd. post-free.

W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,

FERN NURSERY,

SALE, MANCHESTER.

ROSES IN POTS;

all the best New and Old English and Foreign

sorts, from 18«. to S6s. per dozen.

Descriptive List free on application.

RICHARD SMITH & CO.,

Nurserymen and Seed Merchants,

WORCESTER.

ROSES

IN
POTS.

The finest Hybrid, Perpetual,
Tea-scented, and other varieties,
from 15s. to 42.s. per dozen.
Catalogue of new varieties on application.

DICKSONS,

(Limited.)

The
Nurseries,

CHESTER.

6s. Od. to 24s. Orf. p. do?.

30 0 „ 60 0 „

24 0 ,, 60 0 „

18 0 „ 30 0 ,,

24 0 „ 15 0 each.

6 0 ,, 24 0 „

9 0 „ 60 0 ,,

9 0 ,, 60 0 „

6 0 ,, 60 0 „

12 0 ,, 60 0

TRADE OFFER OF PALMS, ETC.

ARECA LUTES

„ BAUERII

„ SANDERII

CORYPHA AUS

CHAM.EROPS E

EUTERPE EDULIS

GENOMA GRAC

KENTIA BEL

„ FOST

LATANIA BOURB

PHCENIX REC

„ RUPICOLA .. « „ i~ i „

DRACAENAS, OPHIOPOGOX, FICUS, PANDANUS

VEITCHII.

Prices for Urger Plants on application. Inspection invited.

WILLIAM ICETON, Putney Park Lane, Putney, S.W. ;
and Flower Market, Covent Garden.

KELWAY & SON

Now is the time to plant : —

PYRETHRUMS, of which we grow 3 acres.
DELPHINIUMS, do. do. 3 ,,

GAILLARDIAS, do. do. 2 ,,

PHLOXES,
PENTSTEMONS.
" The largest collection in the world," for which the highest
awards of the Royal Horticultural and Royal Botanic Societies
of London have been given.

See Our MANUAL for 1889, Gratis and Post-free.

LANGPORT, SOMERSET.

Q ACRES HERBACEOUS and HARDY

O PLANTS, true to name, not seedlings (which are generally
inferior to the type). Send for a Catalogue of all you want for
a garden, free for 3 stamps. It includes over 1000 varieties,
Belected during 15 years' careful study of this class of plant,
and an annual buying in of all that seems good, and a weeding
out of the poor kinds, with height, time of blooming, and
other useful particulars.

12 Hardy HERBACEOUS PLANTS £0 4 0

50 „ „ , 0 14 0

100 „ „ „ 15 0

500 „ „ „ 5 5 0

WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham ;
10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.

YEWS (Golden and Seedling Variegated).—
Now is the time to see these lovely Trees in their
glorious splendour of colour. Nothing can exceed their mag-
nificent beauty, and no place, however small, should be with-
out them. Purchasers are invited to inspect our unrivalled
stock. Come and select your plants for removal next autumn ;
also all kinds of Ornamental Tree* in every shade and tint.
ROSES and CLEMATIS in pots in large quantities.

H. LANE and SON, Nurseries, Great Berkhamstead.

FUCHSIAS, TUBEROUS BEGONIAS. —
10,000 FUCHSIAS, just the cream of all the Fuchsia
family in flower, habit, and freedom ; 12 lovely sorts, 3s. Gd. ;
25 sorts, 6s. Gd. ; 50 sorts, 12s. Gd.

TUBEROUS BEGONIAS.— We have so improved the quality
of our seedlings that we discarded last season all the named
singles, the seedlings being much finer; 12, all different
shades, large flowers, dwarf habit, 4s. ; 12 finer, 6s. ; 12 lovely
double varieties — all these are named sorts, 21s.

New CATA LOGUE of these and all other plants for 3 stamps.

WM, CLIBRAN AND SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham;
10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.

EAST LOTHIAN"lNTERMEDlATE STOCKS

THOMAS METHVEN and SONS offer their
choice strain of the above, in five varieties, viz , Scarlet,
Purple, White, Crimson, and White Wall-leaved, at Is., 2s. Gd.,
and os. each colour. Price to the Trade ou application.

By Royal Warrant, Nurserymen and Seedsmen to the
Queen, Edinburgh.

NEW CATALOGUE for 1889.— Near 130
large pages, with prices, descriptions, useful cultural
and other hints, of near 7000 of the best species and varieties
of plants for the Stove, the Greenhouse, or the Flower Garden,
also list of all necessary Sundries; in short, everything wanted
for a garden, free for 3 stamps.

SEED CATALOGUE of the finest new and the most reliable
old varieties of Vegetables or Flowers, free for 1 stamp.

WM. CLIBRAN AND SON, Oldfield Nurseries, Altrincham ;
10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.

1 /» VARIETIES of STRAWBERRIES, which

J-V/ R. Gilbert considers the cream. They include all the
modern varieties, but the good old Standards are not forgotten.
In pots for forcing, and ordinary hand layers.

Send for R. G.'s STRAWBERRY LIST, where all are
described and priced, with Hints upon Culture. Warranted
true to name.

R. GILBERT. High Park, Stamford.

STOVE PLANTS, GREENHOUSE PLANTS,
such as ALLAMANDAS, STEPHANOTIS, BOUGAIN-
VILLEAS, CLERODENDRONS, and other fine CLIMBERS.

CROTONS, DRACAENAS, and other fine foliage varieties;
IXORAS, HIBISCUS, POINSETTIAS, and other flowering
bush-habited plants, in finest varieties, clean, .healthy, all
named ; 12 distinct kinds, 12s., 18s., 30s. per dozen.

Attention is specially asked to the very fine and rare
OCHNA MULTIFLORA, OXERA PULCHELLA. SCHU-
BERTIA GRANDIFLORA. For Prices and Descriptions see
new CATALOGUE.

GREENHOUSE PLANTS, equally well selected, good and
healthy ; 12 sorts, 9s., 12s., 18s., half at half-price. New
CATALOGUE of these and all you want for a garden free for 3
stamps.

WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nurseries, Altrincham ;
10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.

LAING'S BEGONIAS

A GREAT SPECIALTY.
NOW IN FULL BLOOM.

Unequalled as a floral display. Visitors are i
cordially invited ; free admission. Frequent j
trains from the City and West End to Catford '
Bridge and Forest Hill Railway Stations.

New and General PLAN r CATALOGUE Post-free.

JOHN LAING & SONS,

The Nurseries,

FOREST HILL, LONDON, S.E.

CHOICE FLOWER SEEDS,

For Present and Later Sowing.

All saved from the most refined and beautiful Strains in
existence.

Dicksons' Superb Strains of PRIM-
ULA, CINERARIA, CALCEOLARIA, i
from Is. 6d. to 5s. per packet.

Choree WALLFLOWERS, EAST LOTHIAN!

STOCKS. FORGET-ME NOTS, PANSIES, POLYAN-
THUS, PRIMROSES, &c, for Spring Gardening.

DICKSONS,

THE ROYAL SEED,
- ESTABLISHMENT,
CHESTER.

ORCHIDS!

Selection of the above, from Borneo, Manilla i
(Philipines), Bangkok, Java, Rangoon (Burmah),
&c, to the extent of £5 and upwards, packed
and shipped (at consignee's risk) on receipt of
order with remittance. Address,

THE ORCHID NURSERY,

UPPER WILKIE ROAD, SINGAPORE.
Special care given In packing.

NEW VARIETIES ALWAYS ON HAND.

ORCHIDS AND PALMS

The Stock is of such magnitude that, without seeing it, it is not

easy to form an adequate conception of its unprecedented extent.

Inspection Invited.

The Glass covers an area of upwards of 300,000 super, feet.

HUGH low & CO.,

CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, E.'

CALADIUMS, GLOXINIAS. — Lovely

CALADIUMS of the finest sorts, splendid varieties,'
handsome foliage, clean, easily grown ; 12 sorts, Gs., 9s. , 12s.

Gorgeous GLOXINIAS, rich colours, pretty foliage, lovelj
Bowers; 12 for 6s. .-9s., 12s. New CATALOGUE of these anc
all other plants, 130 large pages, free for 3 stamps.

WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham ; 1(
and 12, Market Street, Manchester.

July 6, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

A WELL-STOCKED GREENHOUSE.—

t\. ABUTILONS, all the best and newest; 12 fine sorts.

!>. M.

BEGONIAS (evergreen class), fine for summer or winter ;
i fine sorts, Is. 9d.

HELIOTROPES (Cherry Pie), fragrant and free bloomers,
lest new and old sorts ; 12 for 2s. 6d.

LANTANAS, fine for greenhouse decoration, pretty and
ree; 12 sorts, 2s. Gd.

SALVIAS, distinct and pretty ; 6 fine sorts. Is. 6d. Half
lumber at same rates. New CATALOGUE of these and
iverything else you want for Greenhouses or Gardens, free for
t stamps.

W 11. CLIBRAN AST) SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham ; 10
md 12. Market Street, Manchester.

OA (\CH\ CLEMATIS, in Pots, of all the

■D\S^\J\J\J finest Double and Single Varieties (some
>£ the flowers of which become 10 inches across, nnd are of
?very shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for
:limbing and bedding, from 12s. to 24s. per dozen, strong
slants; extra strong plants, repotted into 5^-inch pots, 2s Qd.
sach ; Beauty of Worcester, a magnificent purple, excellent
'or bedding, recently sent out by us, reduced price 2s. Qd. each.
Descriptive LIST on application.— RICHARD SMITH and CO.,
Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester.

C^ E M S " — " G E M S " — " G E M S "
of Choice Stove Plants.

OXERA PULCHELLA — dense clusters, 8 to 10 inches
icross, of pure white, funnel-shaped flowers, about 2 inches
ong and 1 inch across. Flowers in winter very lasting,
graceful and beautiful. 5s.

SCKUBERTIA GRANDFFLORA— flowers white with de-
lightful, almond-like fragrance, produced in large trusses,
similar to Stephanotis. Excellent for cutting. 2s. Qd. and 3s. Qd.

STEPHANOTIS FLORIBUNDA— the finest variety in cul-
bivation, and freest bloomer, flowering at every joint, and
alooms in a lower temperature than any other variety we
know. Is., Is. Qd., 2s. Qd., 3s. Qd.t 5s. ; and fine specimens,
21s., 31s. Qd., and 40s. each.

STIGMAPHYLLUM CELIATUM (Golden Vine) — flowers
rich orange, similar to the lovely Orchid Oncidmm flexuosum.
Very distinct. 2s. Qd. each.

TOXJCOPHLJEA SPECTABILIS (Winter Sweet) — large
dense sprays of white flowers, sweetly perfumed. Beautiful
winter- flowering plant. 2s. Qd. and 3s. Qd. each.

GLONERA JASMINIFLORA— one of the most beautiful
white-flowering plants foreithercuttingor decoration. Blooms
in the winter or early spring, and worthy of a place in the
most select collection. 2s. Qd. and 3s. Qd.

CATALOGUES of these, and all you want for a Garden free,
by post from

WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham ;
10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.

SAMUEL SHEPPERSON, Florist, Prospect
House, Belper, Derbyshire, begs to offer the following, of
which he has made a specialty for the last 25 years : —

PRIMULAS— PRIMULAS.— Grand premier prize and Covent
Garden strains of the finest new colours, as pure white, car-
mine, rose-salmon, crimson, spotted, purple, &c. Fine large
trusses, and beautifully fringed flowers. Strong Plants to
bloom well. Is. Qd. per «ioz. ; 4 do/., 5s.; 100,9s.; very extra
strong, 2s. per doz. ; 4 doz., 7s. ; 8 doz., 12s. All carriage free.

CINERARIAS.- Finest prize strains and latest new colours.
Same price as Primulas. All carriage free.

CYCLAMENS — CYCLAMENS (GIGANTEUM). — Same
grand strain that I have sent out for the last 25 years, but
with all the latest improvements in colour, size, form, and
habit. Five-year-old Plants for potting on, 2s. per doz ;
4 do/., Is. ; 100, 12s. All carriage free.

S. SHEPPERSON, Florist, Belper.

FERNS— FERNS— SUCCULENT PLANTS.
— Twelve lovely Greenhouse FERNS, good growers, fine
habit for rooms or Greenhouses, 6s. or 9s. ; small Ferns for
planting in Rockeries, &c, indoors, for fancy pots for table,
4s. per dozen; 12 distinct Stove Ferns, the best sorts for
general collection. 9s. and 12s.

SUCCULENT PLANTS.— Handsome, singular, fine for pot
plants in carpet beds or for contrast with other Greenhouse
Plants, 12 varieties, all named, 6s., 9s., 12s., 18s CATA-
LOGUE of sorts of these and all other plants free for 3stamps.

WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham ;
10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.

BARK'S CATALOGUES

Free on application.
List of Autumn-flowering Crocus and Meadow Saffron.
Daffodil Catalogue, Illustrated, contains the only complete
list of these beautiful hardy spring flowers.

Bulb Catalogue of cheap, rare, beautiful hardy bulbs, &c,
for all seasons.

Plant Catalogue of hardy, free-flowering, beautiful perennials
for flower borders, and as cut flowers.

Seed CATALOGUE, ready 1st January, 1890.
BARR AND SON. IS, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

CHOICE SUCCULENTS,

FOR CARPET BEDDING.
ECHEVERIA METALLTCA, ECHEVERIA AGAVOIDES. 9s.

per dozen. ECHEVERIA CUSPIDATA, is. per dozen.
PACHYPHYTUM BRACTEOSUM. 5s. per dozen.
SEMPERVIVUM TABTJL^EFORME, 6s. per dozen.
KLEINIA REPENS, 3s. per dozen.
ALTERNANTHERAS, of sorts, in pots, good plants, 2s. 6d.

per liozer:, 15s. per 100.
IRESINES. in pots, 2s. fid. per dozen, 15s. per 100.
CENTAUREA CANDIDISSIHA, 3s. per dozen, 20s. per 100.
PETUNIAS, single, in pots', 2s. per dozen, 12s. per 100.
AGERATUMS. in pots, 2s. per dozen. 12s. per 100.

CATALOGUE of these and other varieties, and all you want
for a garden, free by post, from
WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham;
- 10 and 12. Market Street, Manchester.

The Best Present for a Gardener.
INES and VINE CULTURE.

The most complete and exhaustive Treatise on

Grapes and their Culture ever published.

New Edition.

Price 6s.. post-free 5s. Qd.

A. F. BARRON. Royal Horticultural Society, Chiewick.

ORCHID EXHIBITION.

One of the most beautiful sights
in London.

ORCHIDS-— The Orchid Exhibition at Mr.

^•* William Bull's Establishment for New and Rare
Plants, 536, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W., now
open, 10 to 6 o'clock. Admission, 2s. Qd.

ORCHIDS

^■^ ralleled in Eui

-A vision of loveliness unpa-

^, ralleled in Europe.

/ORCHIDS.— "A scene of the greatest Orchidic
^■^ beauty, baffling description, and defying exaggeration."

FCHIDS-— The Exhibition is worth going
any distance to see at Mr. William Bull's Establish-
ment for New and Rare Plants, 536, King's Road,
Chelsea, London, S.W.

NEW PLANTS for1889

MR. WILLIAM BULL'S
NEW CATALOGUE FOR 1889,

Now Ready, Price Is.

Containing Names, Descriptions, and Prices of many beautiful
New Plants offered for the first time.

WILLIAM BULL, F.L.S.,

Establishment for New and Rare Plants,

536, KING'S ROAD, CHELSEA, S.W.

By Permission of the Hon. Board of Customs.

DUTY FREE.

TOBACCO PREPARATIONS

FOR HORTICULTURAL USE.

NICOTINE SOAP.

An Effectual and Speedy Eradicator of

Scale, Thrips, Greenfly, Mealy Bug, Red Spider,

American Blight, and all Parasites affecting

Plants, without injury to Foliage.

The basis of this preparation is Nicotine, or the Oil of Tobacco,
with which is blended other essential ingredients, to render
it available as a general Insecticide that may be used as a
Wash or Dip for out or indoor plants. It is well known that
Tobacco, in various forms, is the best remedy for Cleansing
Plants of Parasites, but owing to the high Duty of 3s. Qd. per
lb. it has been too expensive for general use.

Sold in Jars, 8 oz., Is. Qd. ; 20 oz„ 35. ; 40 oz., 5*. Qd. ; and in
Tins, 14 1b., lbs. Qd. ; and Drums, 28 lb., 25s. ; 561b., 50s.;
112 lb., 95s. Full directions for use upon each package.

TOBACCO POWDER. — This Preparation con-
sists of best Virginian Tobacco, finely ground, and mixed
with other ingredients of an essential character. Price, in
Tint, 1 lb.. Is. ; 3 lb., 2s. Qd. ; and 5 lb.t 4s. ; or in Bulk,
£3 12s. per cwt.

TOBACCO JTJICE (Free of Duty).— Manu-
factured from strong American Leaf Tobacco, and highly
Concentrated. Sold in Bottles, Is. pints. Is. Qd. quarts,
2s. Qd. half-galls., and 4s. galls. Or in Casks of 10 galls,
upwards, at 2s. Qd. per gall.

SOLE MANUFACTURERS.

C0RRY, SOPER, FOWLER & CO., Ltd.,

Offices & Show Rooms : 16, FINSBURY ST., E.C.

Manufactory and Bonded Tobacco Stores :

SHAD THAMES, S.E., LONDON.
Sold by all Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Florists.

New Edition,

THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR

GARDEN OPERATIONS.

Price 3d., Post-free 3§d.

W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand,

London, W.C.

Now ready, in cloth, lis. 6d.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
Vol. V., Third Series, JAN. to JUNE, 1889.
W. RICHARDS. 41, Wellington street. Strand. W.C.

THE

SATURDAY, JULY 6, 1889.

"THE NINE WELLS."

OUCH is the name of Professor M. Foster's
^ residence, situated some 3 miles south of
Cambridge, and about a mile from Shelford
Station (G.E.R.). It is built on the brow of a
hill, and commands a view of the plain of Cam-
bridge and adjoining country. Dr. Foster is best
known in Cambridge University as Professor of
Physiology, and in the horticultural world he is
well known as a collector and cultivator of the
Iridese. The gardens surround the house, and
slope from it in almost every possible direction.
There are perhaps few who would have cared to
attempt the formation of a garden under such
circumstances as exist at The Nine Wells, where the
depth of the soil ranges from 3 inches, and in 6ome
favoured parts it boasts of a 1 foot. " So you see,"
says the Professor, " I have a fair start and every
advantage." This soil lies on a bed of chalk, so
that beds have had to be made, and for this pur-
pose the parings and scrapings of roads have been
collected and brought into use, until, at last, he
has clothed the hill with rare and beautiful
flowers.

So well acquainted is he with the Iris family
as regards their history, cultivation, &c, that he
scarcely refers to a label for a name, unless the
plants are out of flower. At the time of my visit
(June 22), many of the best specimens were out
of flower, and undergoing their roasting, or
ripening off process, by lights placed above them,
so as to ensure a current of air passing beneath
them ; but they are so constructed that the sides
of these can be fixed on, so as to form a complete
small box-light. To this process Professor
Foster attributes no small share of his success in
growing and flowering many of the more diffi-
cult kinds of Irises.

Though my visit was a little late, I was pleased
to see many good things in flower. The Iris
genus does not all flower during one or two
months, but, as Professor Foster says, " I com-
mence in January, and have Irises in flower
nearly the whole year through."

Firs, Elms, Oaks, and other trees have been

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 6, 1889.

planted in the most exposed parts of the garden ;
these are growing up, so that in time the gar-
dens will be more sheltered and protected than
they are at present. Professor Foster is no
advocate for planting Irises in the grass, as the
grass prevents their ripening ; and in wet seasons
this is particularly obvious by the loss of many
plants. The wet summer of last year was a very
trying one for the Iris.

Some large clumps of Iris ochroleuca gigantea
were magnificent. This is said to be a sport of
I. spuria, requiring a stiff soil to grow in. I.
Barnumie, a lovely yellow, is said to be one of
the most fragrant of Irises. A new species was
in flower, which is said to be in the way of I.
Cashmeriana ; it is sweetly scented, and comes
from Central Asia Minor. The plant, when
fully grown, is about 1 foot high, with flowers
nearly white. It is a handsome plant, and will
be named and figured by Professor Poster at a
later date. The finest of all Irises is, he says, one
that had finished flowering at the time of my
visit — I. Gatesi, said to even surpass I. Susiana,
and belongs to the section Onocyalus. Iris spuria,
with many collected wild forms of that species,
were just coming into full beauty. I. xiphioides
and I. juncea, with its pale yellow flowers, and
many other striking Irises were in flower.
Seeds of some species of Iris take longer to ger-
minate than others, and pots in which they are
sown should not be discarded as failures until
after being kept four or five years. A pot of
I. Duthii, sown in 1834, was pointed out to me,
the seedlings of which were just coming up.
The Iris fungus (Uredo iridis), I was glad to
learn, confines itself to certain species, and it is
moreover not very much distributed. When the
fungus attacks the leaves of Irises it is very dis-
figuring to them, and is doubtless injurious to
growth. The garden contains many beautiful
things besides Irises, consisting of uncommon
herbaceous plants well chosen for the situation,
the names of a few of which I jotted down at the
time. Eremurus Bungei, a beautiful species,
from 2 to 3 feet high, with yellow flowers, was
in bloom ; E. robustus, with old flower-stalks
from 7 to 8 feet in height must have
b?en very handsome. C'odonopsis clematidea, a
campanulaeeous plant, with white flowers tinged
with blue, growing from 2 to 3 feet high, is
a charming border plant. Calochortus splendens,
of a clear lilac colour, was, as its specific name
indicates, really very fine ; the flowers last a long
time. Allium narcissiflorum, A. Rosembach-
ianum, and A. Bessarum, are all beautiful plants.
This genus should be more commonly found in
gardens than it is, if we consider how many
beautiful species there are in it. Delphinium
grandiplenum, from 2 to 3 feet high, with
double flowers, is a very handsome variety. On
a rockwork near the front door were many
showy Dianthuses, and other plants suitable for
the situation.

That gardeners are greatly indebted to the
Professor for what he has done amongst the
genus Iris as a collector and cultivator will be
acknowledged by every one, and I cannot close
my notes without thanking him for the kind
manner in which he showed me the various
points of interest at the time of my visit to his
garden. W. H.

Florists' Flowers.

Agricultural Education in North Wales.

— Nature states that it has recently been decided by
the Council of the University College of North
Wales to open an agricultural department at the
college, and to appoint a lecturer on agriculture. A
proposal for the formation of dairy schools in con-
nection with the same institution has lften favouarbly
received.

THE CHINESE PPJMULA.

When these plants are in flower we are apt to
think a good deal of them, but those who grow them
know that no good specimens will be obtained unless
they are carefully watched and tended at the present
season. The parching weather is very trying to
them, and a few hours' neglect of watering, shading,
or ventilating, may mar the prospects of a whole
season. Those who keep up a succession of flowering
plants from October to April have to deal with them
in various stages of their growth, at midsummer and
onwards. There are first the old plants of last
season, which grow into handsome specimens for
flowering in the late autumn and winter. For this
purpose the best are the latest plants of last year,
which may have been flowered in 5-inch pots in the
spring. These plants may be repotted into 7-inch
pots during the summer, and stood in a frame with
its back towards the south, so as to avoid the sun's
direct rays, and even with the frames in this position,
the plants may require shading with tiffany during the
warmest part of the day. The pots should be well
drained, and the potting soil of light materials, viz.,
one-third part good fibrous loam, one part leaf-
mould, one part decayed manure, and some powdered
charcoal and coarse white sand. It is well to re-
member these last two ingredients, as the old plants
are liable to damp off at the collar unless the water can
pass away freely. Large plants of the double-flowered
varieties may be treated in the same manner.

With young seedling Primulas, or those struck from
cuttings, (these latter including the double varieties,
which are sterile, and of which cuttings are struck
in the summer month), some growers are apt to
blunder in their methods of procedure, and verify
one of Pope's lines —

" A little learning is a dangerous thing."

The cuttings may be taken off by two cultivators,
planted in the same way, and placed under hand-
glasses, in expectation of their forming roots, with
the result that one lot will fail and the other succeed.
This is chiefly due to the operator losing sight of
the fact that Chinese Primulas are very liable to
damp-off unless certain conditions are observed. In
order to ensure success, a piece of the more woody
stem should be attached to each cutting, and before
taking the cuttiugs the plants should be allowed to
become rather dry at the root, and the cuttings
should lay exposed to the air in the shade for half-
an-hour or an hour after they are prepared, so that
the cut end may be dried up somewhat. Insert the
cuttings singly in thumb-pots, employing soil in a
moderately moist state. The object in having the
soil moist is to keep the cuttings fresh, as no water
ought to be applied to them until some roots or
rudimentary portions of roots are formed. They
must be placed in a close hand-glass in a shady
place, and the cover should be taken off daily and
the condensed moisture wiped from the glass. If
the cuttings should in a few days become loosened,
they may be made firm by pressing the sand round
them. As a rule, the roots soon form, and when
it is seen that this has taken place, air must be
admitted gradually to the handlight, and in a week
or two they may be placed in a cold frame, and be
repotted in a short time into the compost recom-
mended for the old plants. A safer way to obtain
young plants from old stools is to take a plant with
several crowns. Let it become rather dry at the
roots, clear off a portion of the old leaves, and when
the wounded parts have healed, place some sandy
soil such as is used for cuttings around the stems,
when roots will quickly form, and the plants can be
detached and potted.

Seeds may be sown during the months of April,
May, June, and July, and it may be observed that
those sown the latest require the least attention.
The plants raised before the warm weather sets in,
are apt to suffer if hot carefully watched, pricking
them off, and putting them as soon as thl'se opera-

tions are required. Indeed the whole secret of
success consists in growing on these plants from the
first without any check to their growth. The single
and semi-double flowered varieties are raised from
seeds ; and one year old plants need not be grown
in pots larger than 48's, and throughout the summer
and autumu the plants may stand in frames with
the lights entirely removed during fine weather, but if
there he too much sun shining directly upon them, a
little light shade is needful. J . Douglas.

New or Noteworthy Plants.

CVPRIPEDIUM DE WITT. SMITH, n. hyb.

This is a new hybrid, raised in the establishment
of Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., of Clapton, from C.
Spicerianum as the seed parent and C. Lowii. It was
exhibied by them at the show of the Royal Botanic
Society on June 19 last, when it was awarded a Botani-
cal Certificate. The leaves are wholly green, narrow,
and much resembling those of C- Lowii, while the
scape, some ID inches high, bears two flowers which
are tolerably intermediate between those of the two
parents. The upper sepal is orbicular ovate, the
margins a little reflexed near thebase, and conduplicate
near the subacute apex ; colour, centre and base pale
green, spotted and veined with purple-brow"n, the
broad margin cream-white, with a few traces of light
purple, while a narrow purple-brown band extends
from base to apex. Lower sepal elliptical ovate,
pale green. Petals 2j inches long, a little narrowed
below, and the upper margin undulate, bright green
on lower half, with numerous purple-brown spots,
passing into light rosy-purple above. Lip dark
olive-green in front, lighter behind. Staminode
obcordate, light purple, with a few green markings
in the centre, margin not undulate. The vegetative
organs show a considerable approach to those of C.
Lowii, while the elongation of the petals and the
shape of the staminode are also derived from the
same source. The shape and colour of the upper
sepal, with its median purple band, the undulate
upper margin of the petals, the numerous small
spots, and the colour of the staminode, show an
approximation to C. Spicerianum. Altogether it is
a bright and attractive little plaut, and bears the
name, by request of Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., of
De Witt S. Smith, Esq., of Lee, Mass., U.S.A., who
is an ardent admirer of Orchids generally, and espe-
cially of the genus Cypripedium. S. A. Iiolfe.

Odontoglossum WendlandiandmX, hyb. nut.

This is a beautiful, but very puzzling plant, intro-
duced by Messrs. F. Sander & Co., of St. Albans,
from the Popayan ranges, New Granada. It appeared
with O. crispum Lehmanni, and is believed to be a
natural hybrid derived from it, with some other
species which grows there — possibly 0. cirrhosum,
though the column-wings and crest show little
affinity with our present plant. O. Hallii also
grows there, but I do not think it can have been one
of the parents. A pseudobulb with leaves, and a branch
of the panicle, have been sent to Kew. The former
differs but little from O. crispum, while the flowers
approach 0. cirrhosum more nearly in shape. The
segments are narrow, less attenuate upwards, and
beautifully crispo-undulate on the mirgins, cream-
white in colour, with numerous cinnamon-brown
blotches on the lower half, those of the petals in-
clining a little towards purple. Lip ovate-triangular,
with broad base aud narrow acuminate point, cream-
white, with cinnamon-brown spots, one in front of
the disc being much larger than the others ; margin
fimbriate, crest consisting of several radiating teeth ;
column-wings 6mall, and nearly evenly fimbriate. A
flower from a second plant has the ground colour in-
clining towards light yellow, the spots more purple-
brown, and generally smaller, base of lip light yellow,
and margins more reflexed. It is a chaste and
elegant little plant, and is named after Jlerr Wend-
land, who was much struck with its appearance
when he saw it the other day. if. A. Edlfe.

Joly 6, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

LIQUID MANURE FOR THE

GARDEN.

As liquid manure may truthfully be termed the
greatest boon to horticulture, the saving and appli-
cation of this auxiliary should be worthy the atten-
tion of all practical gardeners, as there are few
subjects more important to efficient and profitable
culture than its economical distribution.

Many years ago Boussingault proved that, weight
for weight, the urine of the horse, in its natural state,
contained three times as much nitrogen as the solid
excrements ; and the urine of the cow twice as much
nitrogen as the solid manure. Yet we frequently
find great care is taken to preserve the solid excre-
tions of animals, while the liquid portion is allowed
to run to waste.

Liquid manure may be produced in a variety of
ways. It may consist of the fermented urine of
horses, cows, sheep, or pigs, or a mixture of them all
with the washings of the stable-floors and sewerage ;
or it may be produced by converting the solid and
liquid excrements of our domestic animals into a
muddy liquid ; and in this process of liquifying the
solid excrements and preparing them for plant-food,
much or little water may be used. These and several
other circumstances, such as the nature of the food
upon which the animals have been fed, must of course
affect the composition of liquid manure, and with its
strength, the fertilising value.

Although water is not the actual food of plants, yet
it certainly contributes very largely to their support ;
and as it was aptly remarked by Davy in his work on
Rural Economy, " no manure can be taken up by the
roots of plants unless water is present ; and water
or its elements exist in all the products of vegeta-
tion." Further, it has been shown by Professor
Johnston, in numerous experiments, that the
quantity of nourishment or solid matter absorbed
by the roots of plants is always in proportion to the
impurity of the water with which they are supplied ;
thus, Beans were made to vegetate under three
different circumstances : — The first were grown in
distilled water ; the second were placed in sand, and
watered with rain-water ; the third were sown in
garden mould. The plants thus produced, when
accurately analysed, were found to yield the follow-
ing proportions of ashes : —

1. Those fed by distilled water

2. Those fed by rain-water ...

3. Those grown in garden mould

7-5
12-0

Professor W. O. Attwater, of the Connecticut
Agricultural Station, U.S., has also investigated the
subject by sowing an equal number of seeds of
Buckwheat and Oats in boxes filled with pure sand,
and watering them either with rain-water or with
various liquid manures chemically prepared. The
following table gives the result of four of those expe-
riments : Nos. 1 and 2 were watered with rain-
water ; whilst Nos. 3 and -1 received a liquid manure
containing known quantities of potash, phosphoric
acid, and nitrogen. When the plants were ripe, they
were harvested, the roots being freed from sand by
careful washing, and the dissected parts air-dried and
weighed.

Supplied with

Dissected Parts of the
Plants.

Rain- water.

Liquid Manure.

Buck-
Wheat.

Oats.

Buck-
Wheat.

Oats.

Weight of stem and leaf

Weight of seeds

Weight of roots ...

4-9
1-3
4-6

1-8
0-3
2 3

25-4

20-4

5-4

31-5
4-2
17-3

Total weight of plants

10-7

Bi -a

56 '0

It will be admitted by every horticulturist that,
under. the name of liquid manure, fertilisers of widely
different characters are applied to plants, and that
probably the differences in thp observed effects of
liquid manure may be due, at least to gome extent,
tt> its variable cotoptigltidn.

We propose to discuss the composition and ferti-
lising value of different descriptions of liquid
manure, and to show how far differences in compo-
sition influence the effects capable of being produced
in the garden ; also to examine the circumstances in
which liquid manure may be employed with decided
advantage, and to attempt an explanation of the
causes of success ; and lastly, to discuss the charac-
ters of soil upon which liquid manure produces no
beneficial etfect, and state the reasons of failure.

The intrinsic value of all manurial substances is
mainly dependent upon the amount of nitrogen,
phosphoric acid, and potash, which they contain.
Some idea, therefore, of the relative merits of various
liquid manures, may be. formed, by a comparison of
six samples taken and analysed by the late Dr. A.
Voelcker from the manure- tanks of five different
farms, and comparing the proportion of fertilising
ingredients which each contained.

The following is the description of the samples
selected : —

1. Drainings from horse stables.

2. Drainings from cattle-sheds and yards.

3. Drainings from stables, a manure-pit containing
animal refuse, and dwelling-house sewerage.

4. Drainings from cattle-sheds and yards.

5. Animal excrements and rain-water: — (a.) The
clear liquid ; (b.) The muddy liquid.

Table showing the Proportion of various Chemical Constituents
containing in. one gallon of each, six samples of Liquid
Manure. Quantities ingrains.

Total

dry

Organic

Matter.

Mineral
Matter
(ash).

Nitro-
gen.

Phos-
phoric
Acid.

Potash.

6(«)

418-3
601-1
1211
111-9
29-2
95-8

262-8
361-9
739
913
215
45 6

94-0
18-4
21-9
30-3
3-3
4-5

2-70
951
2 30
483
2-36
3-72

175-2

189-6

21-1

13-7

2-3

Mean

229-6

142-8 j 28-8

3-90

67-4

Even a superficial reader will be struck with the
great variations which are exhibited in the foregoing
results, of the relative amount of the more important
fertilising substances contained in a gallon of liquid
manure. It is evident that the practical effects
capable of being produced in the garden must also
vary according to the nature and amount of the
constituents in each. And as the composition of
different samples is found to differ so widely, we
cannot feel surprised to hear that in one instance
liquid manure has done marvels, while in others
little or no benefit has accrued from its use.

Many persons, deceived by the bad smell and dark
colour of liquid manure, entertain very extravagant
notions respecting the amount and intrinsic value
of the fertilising matters which it contains. It is
well, therefore, to remember that 50,000 gallons of
liquid manure of the mean composition of the six
samples analysed by Dr. Voelcker will not contain
more plant food than 2 cwt. of good Peruvian guano.

We must leave to a future occasion the considera-
tion of the application of liquid manure, and the
character of the soils upon which it may, or may
not, be applied with advantage, John J. Willis, Hai -
penden.

Fruit Register.

LAXTON'S NOBLE STRAWBERRY.

I send you a few fruits of this fine new Straw-
berry from out-of-doors, as grown in Mr. Bubb's
nurseries, at Solihull, near Birmingham. This and
Laxton's other new varieties, King of the Earlies
and Jubilee, were purchased when first sent out, and
Noble was so promising last summer that Mr. Bubb
saved every runner and planted a large breadth of this
variety, Close by are plantations of President,
James Veitch, Garibaldi, and Vicomtesse Hencart
de Ti»ury, G/ofibaldi hitherto having bees relied

upon for the first crop. The old plants of Noble
are loaded with fruit, and the yearling plants have a
large crop, many of them 2 lb. each, and it is a
week earlier than King of the Earlies or Garibaldi.
It is a very fine early variety, in fact, in my opinion,
the best early, as it produces fruit of uniform size,
good in colour, flesh solid and pinkish throughout,
agreeable flavour, is a good traveller, and very
prolific. Jubilee will prove to be a valuable late
Strawberry. King of the Earlies is not so early by
a week as Noble in this locality, and the King and
Garibaldi ripen at the same time. At least, that is
the experience at Solihull. A Strawberry Grower,
[The twelve fruits sent weigh 14 oz.]

The Wellington Apple.

The only English Apple, says the President of
the Ontario Fruit Growers' Association, that struck
him on a visit to this country, was the Wellington.
That impressed him as much as the Canadian
Apples themselves. Mr. Allan, he tells us, endea-
voured to procure some grafts. These were promised
him on condition that they should not be sent to
Canada. The President asked, " Why ? " and re-
ceived the answer, " Well, it is the only Apple we
can make anything out of here now, and if those
Canadians get any, we are done." No grafts could be
obtained on that occasion, but some were obtained
elsewhere. Why did the President not apply to the
Royal Horticultural Society at Chiswick? There is
no fear of being done in that way.

THE MANCHESTER BOTANICAL
GARDENS.

These gardens were seen to the best advantage on
the occasion of the great Whitsun show, for though
a few days previously Manchester had been visited
by a very heavy hailstorm, which had left its mark
upon vegetation and destroyed the beauty of many
flowers, it had yet freshened up tree, shrub, and
grass-plat, and under the almost tropical heat of the
opening day the gardens were delightful to the eye
— so cool, refreshing, and inviting. Since last year
avenues of trees have been planted to the broad
walks : the broad, central walk is now an avenue of
Thorns ; there is one of Limes, and another of
Chestnuts, and another of Lime and Beech. These
avenues when they grow into size will furnish shady
promenades of a pleasant character.

The flowering-house was exceedingly gay witli a
number of very fine specimens of Schizanthus pin-
natus. It would be difficult to imagine better grown
and bloomed examples and finer varieties of this
old-fashioned, Chilian, half-hardy annual than could
be seen here. They were growing in large pots,
were 4 to 5 feet in height, and from 2 to 3 feet in
diameter. As a matter of course, such specimens
can be grown only Irom seeds sown iu the autumn.
Mr. Paul, Mr. Pindlay's able lieutenant, informed
me that the seeds were sown the first week in
September, and in about six weeks the plants are
larje enough to prick off into 6 or 7-inch pots. Here
they remain all the winter, and are kept almost
stationary until February, then they are shifted
into pots somewhat larger, and in a few weeks when
the roots reach the sides of the pots, and before the
plants become pot-bound, they are shifted into 10-inch
pots, and in these they flower. The effectiveness
of the specimens is increased by keeping the plants
tied up to stakes, or else the branches fall abroad.
I find it is the practice at Old Trafford to put
from one to three plants into a pot to bloom, accord-
ing to their size. Other flowering plants included
some fine specimens of Gladiolus Colvillei alba,
Calceolarias, Sparaxis, and Phyllocactus splendida,
large and brilliant in colour.

In one of the stove houses, the maple-leaved
Pterospermum acerifolium is seen represented by a
fine specimen ; it is grown for its handsome foliage
rather than for its white flowers, and it requires
plenty of heat.

A large circular tank has been constructed in the
spaci'isus Palm-house, and U pUuU'd with. Nyiuplncas,

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Jolt 6, 1889.

such as dentata, white ; Devoniensis, deep rosy-
crimson ; Eugenia, and others. In the Palm-house
are some very fine specimens, which are a source
of great interest to visitors. On the inside of
the roof a planted-out specimen of Cleroden-
dron Balfourianum is seen blooming with great
freedom, and forming dense wreaths of blossom.
There is in the Camellia-house a very fine specimen
of the Aralia-like Oreopanax dactylifolium, which
made a vigorous growth of nearly 5 feet last year ;
it is planted out in a side border. Metrosideros
speciosa has bloomed with remarkable freedom. A
lofty specimen of the Swan River Acacia grandis
blooms so freely in spring as to resemble a fountain
of gold overflowing its pendent branches. There is
here also a very fine and tall specimen of Acacia
grandis. The Guava trained overhead is seen to be
fruiting as freely as a Plum ; it is planted out.
There are two species here — one is Psidium pomi-
ferum, with yellow fruit ; the other P. Cattley-
anum, with dark purple fruit. The latter appears to
be the best for general culture.

In the Orchid-house could be seen some fine pieces
of Cattleya Mossia?, C. Mendelii, and C. lobata, all
of good quality. In the small annexe leading to the
Orchid-house, could be seen an admirable strain of
Gloxinias.

The fernery always repays a visit. It is now be-
coming densely furnished with vigorous foliage ; and
the carrying out of a few details of re-arrangement
has added greatly to its general effectiveness. Too
much cannot be said in praise of Mr. Clapham's
admirable work here, and also in the open. The
piece of rockwork in the garden near the exhibition-
house is becoming covered with foliage, and it is a
feature in the gardens that appears to be highly
appreciated by the Fellows of the Society and visitors
generally. B. D.

The petals are roundish, about the same length as
the sepals, clear yellow, with a purple spot at the base,
which is a peculiarity this Rose enjoys all to itself.
The numerous stamens have also each a reddish-
purple spot at the base, thus forming collectively a
continuous coloured ring. The styles are free, pro-
truding from the orifice of the flower-tube, densely
shaggy, dilated upwards into a flat, kidney-shaped
stigma, at the base of which is a narrow band rim of
purplish colour, collectively forming a coloured
circle within the similar band belonging to the
stamens. The ovaries themselves are glabrous. Such
are some of the prominent characteristics as observed
in the living plant.

It would occupy too much space to go into further
detail, which would, moreover, be more suitable for
a purely botanical periodical ; suffice it here to say,

EOSA BERBERIDIFOLIA.

(Figs. 1 and 2).

This curious Rose has been variously denominated
but the earliest name is that applied by Pallas, when
he presented his paper on the plants of Sievers to
the Imperial Academy of Sciences in St. Peters-
burgh in 1795. That paper was published in the
Nova Acta of that learned body in 1797.

The plant had, indeed, been noted previously by
A. L. de Jussieu in 1789, but he applied no name to
it. Since that time it has been the object of
numerous memoirs and discussions, and such is the
singularity of its structure that some botanists have
placed it in different genera even. Our own
observations, made on specimens kindly placed at
our disposal by the authorities of the Royal Gardens,
Kew, and by the Rev. H. Ewbank, lead us to
concur in opinion with those who consider the
plant to be a true, though somewhat eccentric,
Rose. It is a native of the desert regions of
Persia, Chinese Tartary, Soongaria, and Afghanis-
tan, and has been cultivated at various times in this
country, although few, if any, growers have been
able to keep it for more than a few years. It is a
straggling shrub of moderate proportions, with
long, slender, wiry, puberulous branches, more or less
thickly and irregularly beset with small whitish
curved prickles, some of which are, in botanical
phrase, "decurrent" at the base, and form white
lines on the branch, first on one side then on the other.
Of course, there is no decurrence really, the appear-
ance is really due to the opposite cause, " upraising.'
It sometimes happens that a pair of these prickles'
occupy a position at the base of the petiole corre-
sponding to that of the stipules of an ordinary leaf,
but there is no regularity in this matter, and struc-
tural reasons forbid us from considering them as
true stipules. The leaves are more or less glaucous,
and consist of one leaflet only, corresponding to the
terminal leaflet of an ordinary Rose leaf. The
flowers are solitary, about 1 inch in diameter, and
have the flower-tube somewhat globular, densely
covered with spreading prickles outside, and with a
few strigose hairs inside. The sepals] are spreading,
broad at the base, linear, simple or slightly lobed.

FIG. 1.— ROSA BERBEBIDIFOL1A.

that a careful examination of the anatomy and mode
of development of the plant, suffices to solve some of
the problems connected with it, and to dispose of
the speculations of some botanists who had not in
their time the requisite means or opportunity for
study.

The conclusions at which we have arrived are
(1), that the simple leaves represent the terminal
leaflet of an ordinary Rose leaf (and not a fusion of
two stipules) ; this is proved by a study of the de-
velopment, and of the minute anatomy ; (2) that
the stipules are undeveloped, though potentially
present, as shown by the arrangement of the fibrous
cords in the leaf-stalk ; (3) that the prickles are, as
usual, epidermal developments, and not of a stipulary
character ; (4) that the reasons founded on these
vegetative characters do not suffice to disqualify the
plant as a true Rose.

The peculiar distribution of colour not only at the
base of the petals, but also at the base of the fila-

ments, and the top of the style, has not been pre-
viously noted, and is very significant as to the method
of fertilisation by insects.

Of more consequence to cultivators are the facts
that they have not, hitherto, succeeded in enabling
the plant to adapt itself to cultural conditions for
any length of time. May Mr. Watson be more suc-
cessful than his predecessors ! Mr. Ewbank tells us
he has not been able to keep it for more than a year
or two, and long ago Lindley wrote that it submits
permanently neither to budding, nor grafting, nor
laying, and does not strike from cuttings. " Drought,"
continues Lindley, " does not suit it, it does not
thrive in wet, heat has no beneficial effect, cold no
prejudical influence, care does not improve it, neglect
does not injure it."

Bosa Hardii X . — This is supposed to be of hybrid
origin, and to be the issue from Rosa clinophylla
crossed with R. berberidifolia. It has the flower of
the latter and the leaves of clinophylla. It was
raised by M. Hardy, in 1836, and is, according to
Gay, mentioned by MM. Cels freres, in Ann, de Flore
et de Pomone, 1835-1836 (with a good coloured figure),
and in the Bon Jardinier for 1812. M. T. M.

Nursery Notes,

THE KNAP HILL AZALEAS.

After seeing the group of beautiful new hardy
Azaleas at the Temple Show, and hearing from Mr.
Anthony Waterer that it represented only a few,
and those not the best, of the many new seedling
varieties he has lately raised, I made up my mind to
go to the Knap Hill nurseries and see the Azaleas,
old and new, in full bloom in the open air, where
one can better judge of their merits than under
canvas and in pots.

As every one knows, these famous Knap Hill tree
nurseries are throughout May and June a scene of
indescribable beauty, for there you may see every
variety of tree and shrub that flowers at this season
that is worth growing, but none that have the
character of being tender. So strong is Mr.
Waterer's antipathy to a tree or shrub that is liable
to be winter - killed in his nursery, that you may
seek in vain for things that may be safely planted
in warm southern or sea-coast gardens. But as soon
as he has confidence in the hardiness of novelties,
he starts to grow them on a large scale. With the
Azaleas even, which I went specially to see, there
was for some time a doubt as to whether the lovely
little Chinese Azalea mollis should be admitted into
the category of thoroughly hardy shrubs ; but after
its satisfactory behaviour for several years in the
fully exposed parts of the nursery, there is now no
doubt about it ; the only fault it has is that of being
a little too precocious, which in some seasons tells
against it when bud and leaf are damaged by
treacherous late frosts. However, one can see
that it is in demand, as it is grown by the acre,
and as I saw them just in perfection, the glow
of abundant bloom upon every bush was beau-
tiful in the extreme, and on seeing such a bright
field of colour one overlooks the monotony of flower
tints in this Azalea, compared with the endless hues
so striking in the North American kinds. Some
think that this paucity of distinct and varied colour
of A. mollis detracts from its value, but there is
something very charming in the subtle tones of its
bloom that range between the clear yellows and
glowing flame tints, with which the bright greens of
the new foliage blends so harmoniously. It is
indeed remarkable that this Chinese shrub, intro-
duced so many years ago has produced so few really
distinct varieties, and has responded so feebly to the
efforts of the hybridist, whereas the other hardy
Azaleas have an opposite tendency. I saw but one
hybrid from it at Knap Hill, which was raised be-
tween A. mollis and the old A. altaclerensis or A.
sinensis, as it is also called, although A. mollis is,
strictly speaking, the true A. sinensis, but it may be
some time before it supersedes the now well-estab-

July 6, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

lished name. Even if nothing were done to extend
the varieties of this charming Azalea, it will always
be popular, since it flowers earlier than the rest, and
is invaluable for forcing into bloom in early spring.
It is with the group commonly known as Ghent
Azaleas that Mr. Waterer has chiefly devoted his
attention, and he has certainly made wonderful
strides in the improvement of the race by hybridising
and by careful selection. The chief point he has
attained is the enlargement of the flower, and in his

the best effect in mass, and one form I noticed was a
rich plum-purple, quite different from any I had
seen. Mr. Waterer is very particular too about
habit of growth, in short, he has set up for himself a
high standard with which every new seedling must
comply before it be considered worthy of a name.
The consequence of this is, that out of the thousands
of seedlings one sees, the selection of sorts worthy of
names is not great, though a very large proportion
of them are improvements upon old named sorts.

Fig. 2.— bosa ubbbebidii-olia. iloweus yellow, with a cuimson eve. (see p. 8.)

latest seedlings the blossom is twice and thrice as
large as that of the old sorts, and with the size the
form has been improved, for instead of being starry
and tubular, and the flowers of the majority of old
sorts, they are as open and flat as those of the best
Rhododendrons. Those who know only the Azaleas
of the old types will perhaps think that an extension
of the great range of colour to be found in these
would be impossible, but in the new varieties will be
seen not only the purest whites and the most fiery
scarlets and crimsons, but in many instances a com-
bination of striking colours, such as scarlet and
orange. I admired most the self tints, as they give

Another point in these new seedlings must not be
overlooked, and that is their loudness at the time of
flowering. The fault of most of the old sorts is,
that their profusion of bloom is unaccompanied by
foliage, but in the new the colour, relieved by foliage,
is more pleasing. This desirable quality has been
brought about by selection of the best habited seed-
lings, and breeding only from those that carry foliage
with flower, and this is more apparent in the seedlings
that have been raised from the late flowering A,
occidentalis, which has brighter green and denser
foliage than others at the time of flowering, which is
always after the other kinds are on the wane. In

fact a distinct race of late-flowering Azaleas is being
developed in this nursery, the value of which cannot
be over estimated.

The group of double-flowered varieties, of which
the well-known yellow narcissiflora may be taken as
the type, is still small, but the majority of them are
very beautiful, and they possess the great advantage
over the single-flowered sorts of lasting a much
longer time in perfection. I saw a white sort which
was as pure as a Gardenia, and almost as strongly
perfumed. It will, do doubt, be taken in hand by
florists, a3 each flower is just the size for coat
bouquets. Altogether Mr. Waterer has good reason
to be satisfied with the results of his work in
improving Azaleas, and he still hopes to effect
further improvements. True, he had ample and
splendid material to work upon, and fortunately for
him the group he has taken in hand responds readily
to his efforts. We see these new seedlings now in a
pigmy stage of growth, but what will they be when
they have grown full size, specimens 10 feet high,
with wide spreading tabulated branches, such as one
sees the Azaleas raised fifty years ago in this and
many other old gardens. They must obviously sup-
plant the multitude of old sorts, the Hybrids
belgicte and Hybridce altaclerenses of catalogues of
bygone days which, splendid as they undoubtedly are,
must give way to the coming race. It would be a
useless task to try to unravel the parentage of hardy
Azaleas. They are now so interbred that we cannot
find the typical species. We know that they have
come from the North American wild species, such
as the bright scarlet A. calendulacea, A. nudiflora,
and others which have given the richest and most
delicate colours, while the yellows have been derived
from the South European A. pontica, added to these
are the more recent A. mollis of China and Japan,
and the Californian A. occidentalis. The American
botanists tell us that in a wild state some of their
wild Azaleas or Swamp Honeysuckles sport with
numberless varieties, and taking advantage of this
tendency the earlier raisers were able to produce a
multitude of sorts in a short time. What I should
like to see tried is the intercrossing of the deciduous
Azalea with the evergreen Rhododendron. Ifwe could
combine persistent foliage (for winter effect) with
the wonderful range of striking tints, what a glorious
race of hardy shrubs we should have. If only the
Azalea had the noble foliage of the Rhododendron, it
would run it very hard for popularity. This, indeed, is
not impossible, seeing that Azaleas and Rhododendrons
belong really to one and the same genus ; and many-
years ago a hybrid was raised between R. ponticum
and one of the deciduous Azaleas. This hybrid was
named R. azaleoides, and A. odoratum, and magni-
ficent masses of it were to be seen recently at Kew
in front of the Palm-house.

Azaleas always have been, and always will be,
popular flowers, but I am tempted to quote the oft-
repeated phrase, that " this class of plants is not
planted nearly to the extent its merits deserve." The
peaty soil they most delight in may be had so cheaply
in these days, that there is no reason why every garden
on the clay should not have its patch of Heath soil,
where the so-called American plants can be grown
to perfection. The deciduous Azaleas make capital
town plants, as they throw off their dirty foliage in
autumn ; and this year I have seen almost in the
heart of London some beautiful displays of these
flowers. W. Goldring, Kew.

Trees and Shrubs.

ITXUS LARICIO KARAMANA.

The history of this tree, with illustrations, was
given in a former number, 18S4, Vol. xxi., p.p. 480
and 481. Since that notice was published, the tree
at Kew has died, so that we were pleased recently to
see another specimen at Syon, and we are indebted to
Mr. Wythes for specimens of both male and female
flowers. Although nearly related to Laiicio, and
especially to the var. Pallasiana, it is so different

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 6, 1889.

in the bud and in the size of the cone which
is much larger than in any other form of Laricio,
that many would be disposed to consider it a distinct
species, but there are too many intermediate forms
to render this desirable on botanical grounds, how-
ever much it may be so for forestal purposes. The
same form, if we are not mistaken, occurs in a fine
specimen at Dropmore, but we cannot be sure of it,
as it has not produced cones.

Aiiies Mektensiana Albertiana.

Tlios? who have not yet added the subject of
this note to their collection of Conifers should cer-
tainly do so, as its rapid growth and tall grace-
ful habit make it worth a prominent spot in
the most select collection of these plants. On
the occasion of a recent visit to Glenstal
Castle, the residence of Sir Croker Barrington,
Bart., I was shown by the head-gardener, Mr. K.
Weller, by far the finest specimen that has as yet
come under my notice, growing in a wood about a
mile from the Castle. It seemed to me a great pity
that it was so far away from the pleasure-grounds ;
but doubtless the shelter afforded by the surrounding
trees has proved beneficial to it. Mr. Weller measured
the tree about a year since, and it was then found
to be OS feet high, and its diameter, which I paced,
was fully 40 feet. Not only is its size worthy of note,
but it is perfect in every way, and more dense in
foliage than it is usually met with. I see by Veitch's
Manual of the Coniferm that A. Albertiana was only
introduced into Great Britain in 1851, so that the
age of the tree referred to cannot be great. I may
add that its congener, A. canadensis, is finely repre-
sented in other parts of the same grounds. E.
Dumper,

PROTECTION OF ROSES IN
WINTER,

As I may be said to have lived and grown at
various heights and distances about the earth from
0 to 20 or more feet, I have of course formed some
rather definite opinion on this practically important
and theoretically interesting subject. Had I lived in
the Dark Ages, when horticultural secrets were
hawked about from bothy to bothy, and not divulged
until the demand of five or ten shillings was forth-
coming, a handsome sum might have been pocketed
before my horticultural safety lines were divulged ;
but now the Gardeners' Chronicle is the honoured
revealer of all horticultural secrets in general, and
many special Rose secrets to boot. Hence I hasten
to say that in all probability the space between
3 fe.'t and 41 feet above the ground line includes
the line of greatest safety to Tea Roses and other
semi- hardy plants.

How a horticulturist of the wide experience of
Mr. Douglas should seem to say just the contrary on
p. 753 of the last volume passes my comprehension.
Few know better than Mr. Douglas how chillingly
cold the grass line always was and is, and I fail to
see how the self-same line, identical in low level, can
become warmer, even should it be clothed with Tea
Roses.

I appeal to the health and safety of Mr. Cant's
Teas as further proof of the practical security of my
safety line. These are by no means all annual or
leafy plants, though if they were I fail to see how
that should weaken the force of the proof they
furnish. Were Mr. Douglas to hie away from Ilford
to Colchester, he would hardly be more favourably
impressed with the cosy, safe look of those specimens
of standard Teas, than with the hearty welcome and
goodly hospitality of this prince of East Anglian
Rosarians.

There is no possible objection to Mr. Douglas
growing his on the ground line, or a foot above it, if
he prefers it, for they are so exquisitely sweet and
beautiful, that the more of these grown anyhow,
everywhere, the better. But I contend the mounted
plants are the safest from damp, whence also from
frost. Even Mr. Douglas seems to have found this
out, for he raises his bed bodily a foot above the

general surface. So far good and safe, but why not
further ? and if he mount at all, why stop at a foot,
or even a yard ? Ah ! thereby hangs a tale some-
thing like this:— The exact line of safety may not
yet be known ; I only profess to know that it is not
found on the flat, nor a foot above it, but somewhere
above and beyond a yard.

I wish the Editor would tell us what he knows about
waves of cold and frost lines within the very mode-
rate distances of, from the surface to 6 feet above
it. This might result in the elucidation ot something
like hard-and-fast safety lines at specific heights and
distances. Meanwhile there is no danger in plants,
beds, and borders of Teas as standards, a yard or
more high. The stems are large, and it is almost as
easy — some say it is easier — I know it is somehow
done, to thrust a handful of Pea-straw, or feather
bracken, into the head of a standard as to protect
a bed of dwarfs on the ground line. I beg pardon, a
foot above it. Bosa. [Mr. Mawley, who is an en-
thusiastic Ilosarian, as well as a meteorologist of
high standing, will, we trust, give our readers the
benefit of his experience. Ed.]

Orchid Notes and Gleanings.

DENDROBIUM CRYSTALLINUM, Rchb.f.

An interesting series of flowers of this beautiful
Dendrobium has recently been sent to Kew by
Major-General E. S. Berkeley, which go to show
that the species is one of considerable variability.
The series comprises four forms, the finest of which
is fully 2J inches in expanse, with broad, acute petals ;
the tips of the sepals are washed with mauve-purple
on both sides, but the colour is deepest on the back :
the petals and acute lip have the apical part for
about one-fourth of the way down, of a rich, bright,
mauve-purple ; the disk of the lip is clear yellow,
and the rest white ; this form appears to be the
typical plant, as described by Reichenbach in these
columns in the volume for 1SGS, p. 572, and figured
in his Xenia Orchidacea, vol. ii., p. 210, 1. 193, f. 1 to 4.
The second form has flowers of the same size, but
with the petals rather broader, and not so acute ;
the sepals are entirely white, without purple tips,
and the purple on the tips of the petals and lip occu-
pies a much smaller area, and is much less intense in
colour ; this variety is very similar to that figured in
the Botanical Magazine at t. 6319, except that there
is no purple on the lip of that plant. The third form
has flowers of about the same size as the pre-
ceding, but with very broad and very obtuse petals,
and neither sepals, petals, or lip, have any purple
at their tips. The fourth of the series is a small-
flowered form, the flowers measuring rather less
than 2 inches in expanse, with narrow sepals
and petals, the petals in this form being only
4 — 5 lines in breadth, whilst in the other three forms
they are 7 — 9 lines broad, the petals and the acute
lip are tipped with mauve-purple, as in the second
form above mentioned. The small flowered form,
which Major-General Berkeley speaks of as " the
common D. crystalliuum," has more slender stems
than the larger flowered forms. But if this small
form is really the more common one in cultivation,
then the typical form must be rare, for as Reichen-
bach describes the stems as stout, and figures it with
large-sized flowers, having the sepals, petals and lip
all tipped with purple, I certainly think that the first
form I have mentioned above, which agrees with the
typical description and figure, must be looked upon
as the typical form of D. crystallinum, and it cer-
tainly is far and away the handsomest form of the
series. The others may be looked upon as colour
varieties, but I hesitate to give them varietal names,
as in all probability there are other intermediate
forms, and variations of this kind cannot be satis-
factorily dealt with, without having a large series of
forms to judge from. So think it better to wait
awhile. N. E. Brown.

Orchis latifolia-maculata.

Natural hybrids among Orchids are now known to
be exceedingly numerous, and one need not feel sur-

prised to find them wherever closely allied species
grow together. In the Flora of Hampshire a sup-
posed natural hybrid between Orchis latifolia and O.
maculata is described by Mr. Townsend under the
above name. And now Mr. T. R. Archer Briggs
sends to Kew specimens, gathered in a rough pasture
field, near Plymouth, of what he believes to be a
natural hybrid between the same two species. It
appears that the specimens were found growing
among numerous examples of the parent species,
and were observed to be intermediate in character.
They have the habit and long bracts of C. latifolia,
but the large side-lobes of the lrp, the numerous
spots on the same, and the slender spur closely
approximating to those characters in C. maculata.
Specimens of the parent species were inclosed for
comparison, and there is every reason to believe they
are of hybrid origin as supposed. As the two
sp?cies grow together and flower simultaneously, it
is pretty certain that pollen couldreadily be carried
from one to the other. S. A. Rolfe.

Ai.lerton Beeches.

On seeing the Orchids recently at H. Tate, Esq.,
jun., garden at Allerton, Liverpool, a number of
plants in flower were found. Amongst Cattleyas was
the true C. Mossiaj var. Reineckiana (true), a healthy
plant with five flowers. This is doubtless one of the
gems of the genus. The largest flower on the plant
was 7 inches in diameter. [A flower sent by our
correspondent was quite this size. Ed.]. A plant of
C. gigas var. Sanderiana had a five-flowered scape,
whose flowers measured 10 inches across. Some
excellent forms of Cattleya Mendelii were noticed,
as well as several C. Iabiata var. Warnerii ; Liclia
p irpurata alba, a very highly coloured form of L.
grandis, and a well-flowered piece of L. elegans. C.
Hardyana, a natural hybrid, were in fine condition,
sheathing well, as were several plants of C.Dowiana
var. aurea. Plants of Miltonia vexillaria of divers
shades of colour were very fine. Cypripedium grande,
C. Lowianum, C. superbiens, C. Lawrencianum, and
others were well flowered. Dendrobium Dearii, a
species difficult to manage, grows and flowers to
perfection, indeed a few plants will produce flowers
the year round. Flowering for the second time this
season was noticed a good specimen of Dendrobium
heterocarpum, which filled the house with its de-
lightful scent. Masdevallia chimera, M. radiosa, M.
Harryana var. splendens, M. ccerulescens, M.
Veitchiana superba were in bloom, whilst a huge
mass of Oncidium macranthum in the cool house
■will shortly unfold its gorgeous blossoms. Mr.
Edwards, the gardener, is certainly a successful
grower of Orchids. F. A.

SPRING

FLOWERING

NOLIAS.

MAG-

Among trees which bloom during the last days
of April and in early May, none- compare in the
magnificence and profusion of flowers with those
species and varieties of Magnolia which produce
them in advance of the appearance of the leaves.
They are all natives of China and of Japan, and all
belong to or are derived from three species. Most
of these plants have been known in this country
for many years, and their perfect hardiness and
adaptability have been abundantly demonstrated.
They grow rapidly under proper conditions, and be-
gin to produce their marvellous flowers when only a
fe.v feet high.

As no one ever sees a good plant of Magnolia con-
spicua in full bloom without being filled with
admiration, and with the desire to possess such
a wonderful object, their comparative rarity in
gardens can only be explained by the facts that
all these plants are rather difficult to transplant,
unless it is done at the right time, and that they are
fastidious about soil, and require clean and constant
cultivation until they are fully established. The
secret of transplanting Magnolias successfully con-
sists in doing it as the leaves are opening i that is

July (5, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

in the cass of these Asiatic species, just after the
flowers have fallen. Magnolias have large, fleshy
roots, which decay rapidly when they are cut or
bruised, and do n it, therefore, recover easily from
transplanting unless the plants are moved at a time
when they are in active growth, and so in a condition
to make new root-growth rapidly. Magnolias moved
early, while the roots are dormant, often suffer
seriously, or do not start to grow again, so that by
many people they are considered difficult trees to
transplant, while in reality they are not, if the pecu-
liar character of their roots is considered, more
difficult to manage than other trees. They all
dread drought, and do best ill peaty soil. Drainage
does not appear essential, and fine plants are deve-
loped in positions where the ground is saturated
with water during several months of the year, and
where it is never completely dry during periods of
protracted drought. Such constant moisture is not,
however, necessary to them, and very fine specimens
may be seen growing in good, ordinary garden-
soil. They love the same treatment as the
Rhododendrons — a soil of peat, leaf-mould, sand
and turfy loam deep enough to prevent dryness at
the roots, and an open situation in the full sun, that
the flowering wood may be thoroughly ripened. The
ground about them should be kept clean and
well cultivated for a few years after planting, and
abundant space be allowed for the free lateral
development of the lower branches.

It is now known — thanks to the intelligence of an
American horticulturist — that all of the Chinese
Magnolias grow more rapidly and make larger and
more shapely plants if they are grafted on some one
of the strong-growing American species. Magnolia
acuminata and M. tripetala are used for this purpose
in American nurseries, and each is preferred by
different cultivators. Only plants grafted upon one
of these species should be bought or planted, as they
are unquestionably better than any others.

These Magnolias are naturally shapely plants, and
they suffer from crowding. Indeed, their proper use
is as single specimen plants, isolated upon the lawn
or rising from the midst of broad masses of Rhodo-
dendrons,»whose dark-green foliage makes a proper
setting for the blooming but leafless Magnolias. The
foliage, when it does appear, is rather heavy ; the
outline of the plants is bushy and compact, and they
do not compose well with other trees, if brought into
immediate connection with them.

The earliest to flower is the little shrubby Mag-
nolia stellata (the M. Ilalleana of some American
gardens), the last introduced into our gardens, and
still very rare here. It has been so often described
in these columns that further mention of it is un-
necessary beyond the bare facts that it is perfectly
hardy, that it flowers here soon after the middle of
April, and that it is one of the most beautiful and
desirable shrubs of recent introduction.

Magnolia conspicua follows M. stellata in time of
blooming, its flowers opening here in ordinary sea-
sons about May 1. This is the handsomest of the
whole series in flower, and the most desirable, except
that here in New England the flowering period is
sometimes cut short by the north-east rain-storms,
which often arrive simultaneously with the flowers ;
and that in climates where spring frosts prevail these
early flowers are destroyed. M. conspicua is a
shapely, round-headed tree, capable of reaching a
height of 50 feet or more under favourable conditions.
It is low-branched, the main branches dividing in
many tortuous, branching divisions. The bark of
, the stem and of the main branches is smooth and
ashy gray ; that of the young branches is chestnut-
brown. The flower-buds which are formed during
the summer, are large, and protected during winter
by thick, woolly, stipular sheaths. The flowers,
with petaloid sepals, are pure creamy-white and
pleasantly fragrant ; they are cup-shaped, 4 or 5
inches deep, with obovate, mucronate sepals and
petals 2 inches broad, and red stamens. They are
produced in the greatest profusion, and quite cover
the trees as with a white sheet. They are quickly
followed by the leaves, which are obovate, contracted

into a short, stout point, 3 or 4 inches long, downy
when young on the lower surface, ultimately thick
and deep dark green. The fruit is slender, often
contorted, and 2 or 3 inches long. It is produced
here abundantly.

Magnolia conspicua is a native of China, where it
seems to be widely distributed from the neighbour-
hood of Pekin to Shanghai, and probably also of
Japan, where it is very generally cultivated. It is
the Yulan of the Chinese and of European gardens,
and the M. Yulan of Desfontaine3 and some other
botanists. An interesting account of this tree may
be found in the Memiires concerna.nt VHistoire des
Sciences des Chinois, written by the early French
missionaries at Pekin (iii., 441), from which it
appears that the Yulan was cultivated under the
dynasty of Tang in 627, and has since been always
a favourite in the garden? of the imperial palaces
and of the temples, and that young plants are used
for the decorations of the imperial apartments in
winter. It is the symbol of candour and of beauty ;
and a powder prepared from the green fruit is used
to alleviate bronchia' affections.

Magnolia conspicua was introduced into Europe
as early as 1779, but it was much later before its
beauty was appreciated and it became common in
cultivation there. There seems to be no record of
its earliest introduction into the gardens of the
United States, and if there are any very large plants
in the country they will hi found, probably, near
some of the large cities of the Middle or South
Atlantic States. The best in the north are in the
city of Newburg, where very fine symmetrical speci-
mens may be seen, planted, no doubt, by Downing,
or propagated in the nurseries which he early estab-
lished there, and from which many good plants were
sent into the gardens of this country.

Thunberg, who was in Japan from 1773 — 70, dis-
covered there a small shrubby Magnolia, with slightly
obovate or acuminate leaves, precocious fragrant
flowers, with very small yellow or yellow-green,
narrowly acuminate sepals and large acuminate
petals, deep purple on the exterior, and creamy-white
on the interior face. This is the M. obovata,
variously known also as M. purpurea, M. discolor,
and M. denudata. It was introduced into Europe a
few years after its discovery. It is a hardy shrub,
once a great favourite in gardens, although now
much less commonly seen than formerly, having
given way to that race of hybrids of which it is one
of the parents.

The first of these hybiids dates from 182Q. It
sprang from a seed of a Magnolia conspicua in the
garden of M. Soulange-Hodin, of Fremont, in France,
of which the flowers had been fertilised with the
pollen of M. obovata. Whether this hybrid was the
result of chance or of intention is doubtful. Loudon
(Arboretum, i., 278) speaks confidently of " acci-
dental fecundation," but in the elaborate account
of this hybrid, to which is joined the earliest figure,
published in the Annates de la Societe d' Horticulture
de Paris (i., 90), it is expressly stated that M.
Soulange intentionally hybridised the flowers of M.
conspicua with pollen of M. obovata. It is now
known as M. Soulangeana, and is almost inter-
mediate between the two parents, except in habit,
which is arborescent, and not different from that of
M. conspicua. The leaves are intermediate in size
and narrowly obovate, with the point of those of M.
conspicua. The flowers are also intermediate in
size, with smaller sepals than occur on those of M.
conspicua, although still petaloid, and the sepals
and petals are streaked, especially towards the base
with purple. This plant, although far less beautiful
in the colour of its flowers than M. conspicua, has
the advantage of blooming a week or ten days later,
and therefore at a time when storms and frosts are
less liable to injure the flowers. It is as hardy as either
of its parents, and produces fertile seeds.

A number of other hybrids between these species
appeared in Europe about the same time as Magnolia
Soulangeana, differing in the amount and in the
shade of purple of the flowers, and especially in the
size and shape of the sepals. M. Alexandrine and

M. spsciosa, according to Karl Koch, originated in
the garden of M. Cels, a famous French patron of
botany and horticulture, and M. Nortbertiana,
another hybrid in that of Soulange-Bodin. The
plant which grows here under the last name is
remarkable for its small greenish-white acute sepals,
hardly larger than those of M. obovata. The flowers
are only faintly marked with purple, are small, 3 to
31 inches deep, and are the last to appear, being fully
a week later than those of M. Soulangeana, and
between two or three weeks later than those of M.
conspicua. The trees are as free-growing as the
others, and equally hardy. Whether this is the
variety originally distributed as M. Nortbertiana it
is impossible to say, or to satisfactorily distinguish
any of the various forms of these hybrids except the
original M. Soulangeana. Theyvary little among them-
selves ; descriptions when they can be found, are not
reliable, and there are no coloured figures which can
be depended on to refer to. Certain forms are known
traditionally in certain nurseries or gardens under
certain names, but such traditions are always mis-
leading, and it seems hopeless, at least with the
information available in this country, to do other-
wise than call all forms with purple and white
flowers varieties of M. Soulangeana, and drop the
other names.

A hybrid of more recent appearance, and of
doubtful origin, is, in some respects, the most inte-
resting of the whole series. This is the plant known
in gardens as Magnolia Lenne. Van Houtte, who
published a coloured plate of the flowers twenty
years ago, took it for granted that it was a hybrid
between M. conspicua and M. obovata. He states,
without further explanation, that it originated acci-
dentally in Lombardy, where it was discovered by
the nursery gardener, Turf, of Erfurt, who introduced
it into Germany, naming it in honour of Lenne, the
Royal Garden inspector at Berlin. The origin of
this plant is not as apparent as that of M. Soulan-
geana, however — that is, it is not as clearly inter-
mediate in characters between its two supposed
parents. It is shrubby rather than arborescent in
habit, with wide-spreading stems branching from
the ground. The branchlets are much smaller than
those of the other Magnolias of this class ; the leaves
are larger than those of the other species, they are
broadly ovate or sometimes slightly obovate, and
pointed at the summit, but quite destitute of the
short contracted point found in those of M. con-
spicua and of M. Soulangeana. The flowers are the
largest of the series, 3} to 4 inches deep, with
coloured petaloid obovate sepals, about one-half the
size of the petals, which are broadly obovate,
rounded at the extremities, fully 4 inches across,
deep dark purple over the whole of the exterior
surface, and pure snowy white in the interior. The
flowers are deliciously fragrant, and the fruit and
seeds, which are produced in profusion, are larger
than those of either of the supposed parents. M.
Lenne might very well pass for a very robust, large-
flowered variety of M. obovata were it not for the
petaloid sepals and the broadly obovate petals, which
point to the blood of M. conspicua, and a probable
hybrid — a solution which, however, is not altogether
satisfactory.

Magnolia gracilis of gardens I have never seen,
but, judged by the figure in Hooker's Paradigm Low
dinensis, t. lxxxvii., it is nothing more than a slender
form of M. obovata.

The handsomest of the Magnolias with precocious
flowers, and the finest of the genus, with the excep-
tion, perhaps, of the evergreen, M. grandiflora, of
our southern forests, is M. Canipbellii, a large forest
tree, peculiar to the mountain valleys of Sikkim and
Bhotan, at elevations of 8000 to 10,000 feet. The
flowers are white or rose-coloured, and 8 or 10 inches
across.

This species is apparently difficult to manage,
although it has been cultivated for many years in
different parts of Europe. It has flowered in a
garden near Cork, in Ireland, where this tree is
fairly hardy, but in northern Italy it has so far, I
believe, failed to produce Sower*, and I have not

TEE GARDENERS1 CHRONICLE.

[July G, 18S9.

heard of it blooming elsewhere. It is hardly pro-
bable that it has been introduced into the United
States, although, owing to the more humid summer
tlimate, it might be expected to flourish in some
parts of the Gulf States, perhaps better than in
"southern Europe. C. S. <$'., in " Garden and Forest."

ROSA GIG ANTE A.

We have already mentioned the discovery by
General Collett, in Upper Burmah, of this magnifi-
cent Hose. Thanks to Dr. King, the Superintendent
of the Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta, we have
been enabled to distribute some seeds of this Hose.
To Dr. King also we are indebted for the opportunity
of figuringthe plant (see fig. 4, p. 13). The branches
are provided with scattered stout hooked prickles.
The nearly glabrous leaves bear two pairs, and a soli-
tary terminal leaflet, all elliptic, acute, finely serrate.

The flowers are solitary, white, 5 to 6 inches
across, with linear, nearly entire sepals, reflexed
during flowering over the smooth ovoid receptacle.

M. Crepin, who has given a description ofthis Rose,
and alludes to it in his paper read before the Rose
Conference, suggests that it should be placed in the
section Indies ; but, if so, the characters of the
section must be altered slightly to enable the species
to fit into its proper place. M. Crepin also suggests
that Fortune's Double Yellow may be a garden form
ofthis species.

In the gardens of the wealthy, however, many more
kinds were cultivated. The old cookery receipts of
the fourteenth century, which are preserved in the
Form of Cury, throw much light on this subject, in-
deed, nearly all our information of the kitchen gar-
dens ofthis period is derived from this old collection.
Among the " Salad herbs " that are mentioned
(Receipt No. 58), as having been used Onions,
Leeks, Farsley, Sage, Savory, Hyssop, Borage, Rue,
Rosemary, and Purselain. Parsley and Sage were
also used, as now, for stuffing chickens (Receipt No.
34). Chaucer tells us that " Persley " was eaten
with the " stubbil goos " (Cooke's Prologe, 1. 20), and
in the Form of Cury, No. 68), it is directed
to be mixed together with " Sauge, Hyssop, and
Savory, Quinces, and Pears, Garlick and Grapes "
as a " filling for gees.'' Beside these salad

A HISTORY OF ENGLISH
GARDENING.

(Continued from vol. v., p. 798.)
The Walnut was very common, and before being
eaten was generally " piked clene," ground up with
good herbes," and mixed " with verjuice and with
water" (Form of Cury, No. 157). Quinces were
generally "pared" and cooked, and made into a
kind of marmalade (see Form of Cury, No. 18).
Medlars were often stored up in straw, and allowed
to get rotten before they were served up at table.
Chaucer mentions this old custom in the Prologue of
the Reeves Tale : —

" But yet I fare as doth an open-ers ;*
That ilke fruit is ever lenger the wers,
Til it be rot in mullock t or in straw.

1. 17—19.

The same old author also describes the Medlar
tree in full bloom : —

" And as I stood and cast aside mine eye,
I was ware of the fairest Medlar tree,
That ever yet in all my life I see
As full of blossoms as it might be ;
Therein a goldfinch leaping prettily
Prom bough to bough ; and as him list gan eat
Of buddes here and there and flowres sweet."
The Flower and the Leaf, 1. 8(5

The kitchen gardens of the fourteenth century
were also well stocked with vegetables. The chief
vegetables cultivated by the agricultural classes were
Onions, Garlic, and Leeks. Chaucer, describing the
sompnour, in the Prologue to his Canterhury Tales,
tells us that—

" Well loved he Garleck, Onions and eek Leeks."

1. 634.

Parsley and Colewort were also very commonly
grown. The ploughman in Langland's Vision, says —

" I have Percile and Forettes,}
And many Cole plauntes." 1. 4373.

Peas, Chibolles (a variety of Onion), and Chervil
are also mentioned as having been grown by the
poorer classes : —

"All the poor people then
Fescoddes fetten and brought in their lappes
Chibolles and Chervils."

Langland, Prs. PI., 1. 4389.

» The old name of the Medlar fruit.
t Rubbish. T. Leek*.

Beans were commonly grown in fields, when the
seeds were generally dibbled by women (see Rogers'
Agric. Prices), but they were sometimes planted in
gardens. The agricultural labourers ground them
into flour, and made loaves of them —

And two loves of benes and bran
Y-baked for my children.

Langland, Prs. PL, 1. 4368.

The wealthy " drew " (shelled), boiled, or fryed
them, and ate them with bacon (Form of Cury, No. 1).
Peas were also shelled, and were generally eaten as
now, boiled with Parsley and Mint. The following is
a fourteenth century receipt for cooking them :
"Take Green Peson, clean washen, and let them
boyle awhile over the fire, and then pour away
all the broth, and bray (mash; a few of them
with Mint and Parcel." (Arundel M.S., No. 344,
f. 433). Sometimes, however, they were boiled with
Onions, and made into a kind of peasoup (Form
of Cury, No. 70). Mint and Fennel are both
mentioned by Chaucer. Describing a garden, he
writes —

Then wente I forth on my right hand
Down by a little path I found
Of Mentes full and Fennel green.

Homaunt of the Ease, 1. 729-31.

The seed of the latter plant was very largely used
for culinary purposes in the middle ages, and many
entries referring to it are to be found in old
accounts. In the Wardrobe Accounts of Edward I.
(1281), for instance, "eight and a half pounds
of Fennel seed " is stated to have been
consumed by the King's household in less than a
month. By the lower classes it was chiefly used to
relieve the pangs of hunger on " fasting days."
Langland records the following dialogue between a
priest and a poor woman —

" Hast thou ought in thy purse?" quod he,
" Any hot Spices ? "
"I have Pepper and Pions," quod she,
"And a pound ot Garleek,

And a farthing-worth of Fennel-seed

For fasting days."

Prs. PL, 1. 3102 7..

The green leaves of the Fennel were also eaten.. In
an early English medical MS. it is said —

Fennel in potage and in meat
Is good to donne when thou shalt eat.
All green look it may corvyn small
In what meat thou eaten shall.

1. 1354-7.

Mint was also very frequently used in medical
cookery. In the Form of Curry it is specified,
among other ingredients, for " Makerel sawse "
(No. 106) ; for "Conger sawse" (No. 104) ; and for
" Grene sawse " (No. 140). P. E. N.
(To be continued.)

FlS. 3.— AMOHPHOPHALLl'S TITANOI AT KEW.

(As it appeared on .Time 10. Height nearly 4 feet.)

herbs, Cabbages, Beans, Peas, Parsnips,* Turnips, t
Radishes,} Cress, § Fennel, and Mint were cultivated.
The former of these vegetables, it is generally sup-
posed, was not introduced into this country until the
commencement of the seventeenth century. In the
Form of Cury, however, the plant is mentioned, || and
there is no reason to doubt that it was cultivated,
and cultivated extensively, in England in the
fourteenth century. From a passage in Chaucer's
Nonneprest his Tale,'" it would even appear that at this
period it formed one of the favourite vegetables of
the cottage gardener.

* Form of Cury, No. 10). t Ibid. No. 5.

; Ibid. No. 32.

$ See Rogers' .lyric. Prices, vol. iii., p. 579.

II It is called " caboche " (No. 6), and is directed to be " cut
into four quarters."

«" Line 401 — 454. it is here called the wort. The mention
of the butterfly settlingon the Wort-leaf (probably the common
Cabbage-white) is interesting.

Colonial Notes.

JAMAICA.

The prize for the best sample of Tobacco, 400 lb.
in weight, has been divided equally between Jamaica
and North Borneo. The last number of the Botanical
Department, Jamaica, contains a full account of the
method of culture and preparation, from the pen of
the late Mr. J. C. Espin, a Cuban, who was engaged
in the culture in Jamaica.

Singapore.
The annual Report of the Botanic Gardens, Singa-
pore, has reached us. It is mainly occupied with
details of the routine work of the garden, which
show that the newly-appointed Director', Mr. H. N.
Ridley, is alive to the duties of his office.

Cape Colonv.
Frofessor MacOwan contributes to the Depart-
mental Agricultural Journal an interesting article
on Apple-scab and other diseases caused by fungi in
Apples and Pears.

July 6, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

Fio. 4.— hosa giqantea: natural size: flowers white, (see p. 12.)

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Jul* 6, 1889.

Trinidad.
Mr. J. H. Hart, in the Bulletin of the Botanic
Gardens, urges the planters to plant the Gros Michel
Banana, as well as Oranges and other fruits. The
Coffee grown on the Island is also highly spoken of,
and is likely to form an important article of com-
merce.

Madras.

The Proceedings of the Agri- Horticultural Society
of Madras reveal great activity in the development
and improvement of the Botanical Gardens. The
conservatory has been repaired, and greatly enlarged,
the Fernery remodelled, a new Palm-house added,
the water supply extended, and various other im-
provements effected by the munificence of some of
the native aristocracy.

HuMEA ELEQANS, &C.

A recent number of the Victorian Naturalist con-
tains an interesting narrative of an expedition made
at the suggestion of Baron Ferd. von Mueller to
Croajingolong, a mountainous district south of the
boundary dividing New South Wales from Victoria.
In these ranges Mount Ellery reaches the height of
4300 feet. Over 300 plants were collected, the most
interesting being the Cabbage Palm, Livistona
australis, the Waratah, Telopea oreades peculiar to
Victoria. Large quantities of Humea elegans were
found, not stunted plants 4 to 5 feet in height, the
maximum they attain here, but growing to a height
of 20 feet and upwards; the delicate cream-coloured
heads, tinged with a shade of salmon-pink and darker
streaks of umber, are beautiful objects when seen
Btanding out in front of a dense back-ground of
Ferns, &c.

Foreign Correspondence.

RAMONDIAS.
In a recent issue " D." asks if R. serbica is equal
in beauty to R. pyrenaica. On a rocky part of my
alpine garden there are about 150 plants of R. py-
renaica, R. p. alba, R. serbica, and R. Nataliae,
growing together, R. pyrenaica of many shades of
purple, even R. p. alba sometimes with a reddish
tint. R. serbica is less vivid in colour, but robust
growing, and very floriferous. R. Nataliae is of
slower growth, but not less good in colour. On the
whole, if I could only cultivate two Ramondias, I
would prefer R. pyrenaica and R. p. alba to the two
last named species. There is still a fourth Ramondia
known to botanists, R. Heldreichii, from Mount
Olympus, in Thessaly, discovered many years ago by
Professor v. Heldreich, of Athens, but not yet culti-
vated. 0. F., Lehtnhof.

tion, and covered with a few inches of the same
material. The pots should be examined early in
spring, and as soon as the bulbs have made 1 inch of
growth they should be removed to a cool- pit, and
shaded for a few days until the plants get inured to
light. As the plants increase in growth, more fre-
quent supplies of water should be given them at the
roots, giving liberal waterings with weak liquid
manure from the time the flower-spikes appear until
the flowers are opened, and afford support to the
flower- spikes.

Spir.ea (Astilbe) japoniua.
This plant is so well appreciated by all who have
to maintain a supply of cut flowers and decorative
plants during the early Bpring months, that I need
not refer to its merits as such ; but as a subject for
supplying a profusion of shining green Fern-like
foliage, surmounted by large spikes of white feathery
flowers in a border out-of-doors during the months
of June and July it is not so well known, and con-
sequently not so much grown as it deserves to be.
After the forced plants have flowered, and been
gradually hardened off, the plants should lie
turned out of the pots while quite moist at the
roots, the drainage removed, and the plants trans-
planted in a deeply dug soil, enriched with short
manure. They are best when put out in rows
from about 1* inches apart, and an equal distance
from one plant to the other. A portion of the stock
of plants should be put in a border having a south-
west aspect, and the remainder in a north border,
so as to have a succession of flowers during the
month of July. The plants, in the absence of rain,
should be kept kept well supplied with water, they
being moisture-at-the-roots-loving plants. The
second year, after being planted out, they will
flower, and a very chaste and telling effect is then
produced by a hundred or two large plants thus
grown. Where there are any plants which have
been put out under a "south wall " to harden off
while being starved at the roots for want of moisture
and scope for root action, it is not yet too late
to treat them in the manner above stated. H. W. IV.

Plants and Their Culture,

Cultural Memoranda.

GLADIOLUS THE BRIDE.
No one having a greenhouse, conservatory, or
rooms to furnish in the months of May, June, and
the first fortnight in July, should be without this
beautiful and useful plant. I have now, and have
had for several weeks past, a fine display of the
plant. The bulb3 are in 48's and 32's, each pot
containing from ten to fifteen spikes of nicely deve-
loped flowers, which are pure white. The spikes,
when arranged with Fern and coloured flowers, in
large vases, prove very effective. By a little forcing
the plants may be had in flower in April ; those grown
on in acold pit, and in a sheltered position out-of-doors
continuing the supply during the periods indicated.
From ten to fifteen bulbs should be potted in
November, in 32's. They should be efficiently
drained, and filled to within 2 inches of the top with
a mixture of four parts good sandy loam and one of
old hotbed manure, made moderately firm before
placing the bulbs thereon, covering them with a
little more than 1 inch thick of soil. The pots
should then be stood on coal-ashe3 in a dry situa-

EUCALYPTUS AMYGDAL1NA.

[See Supplementary Sheet.]

Our supplementary illustration represents the
base of a tree stem, standing as it grew, turned into a
dwelling by a Colonial squatter. The photograph,
from which the figure was prepared, was kindly fur-
nished by Baron Ferdinand von Mueller, Melbourne,
and was taken by Mr. N. T. Caire of the same city.
The size of many trees of this species of Eucalypt,
which stand singly at long distances apart, from
Dandenong to West Gippsland, is oftentimes
immense.

In a letter of Mr. J. Rollo's, of Balnarring, for-
warded by Baron von Mueller, it is stated by the
writer tliat in the Yarragon district he has mea-
sured trees which were from 330 to 340 feet in
height, and in a valley of the southern range of
mountains where the trees acquire even greater size,
one was measured which reached the enormous
height of 410 feet. Blue Gums (Eucalyptus glo-
bulus), grow to 300 feet in height in the same neigh-
bourhood. Some of these giants of the Australian
forests must have passed away unnoticed ; and in the
case of E. amygdalina, whose wood is not very durable,
this would more readily occur ; and the foliage being
of a very oily nature, forest fires would be particularly
destructive of standing timber.

We should suppose that the settler who made this
particular tree stump into a hut, selected it by rea-
son of the decaye J condition of its inner parts ; for
we can scarcely suppose that he would dig out the
space required if the wood was solid.

Warm-house Plants. — Most of these will benefit
greatly if stood wide apart, so that full development
of leaves and shoots may go on unchecked ; and in
the case of Palms, Dracamas, Pandanus Veitchii,
and others, they may be removed to the greenhouses,
where, with due attention to watering, they will
continue to grow freely, besides being found useful
for decoration. Abundance of moisture must be
distributed about the houses during warm days,
shading the plants must be attended to early in the
day, and red-spider kept in check by heavy syring-
ing, which entails much le3s labour than sponging
the foliage during hot weather. The temperatures
given last month will be applicable to the present
time, but giving a larger amount of ventilation.
During the hot weather the heating apparatus should
be allowed to cool as early in the day as possible ;
but it is not advisable to do without fires entirely,
as during cloudy weather the temperature will fall,
and growth is then checked, especially if the water
u'.ed is cold as well. By the use of a small amount
of heat in the pipes, air may be admitted at all
times. Any Palms, Dracaenas, or other plants which
have filled their pots with roots should be shifted as
soon as possible, but over- potting the plants ought
to be avoided, more especially the Palms ; it it is
better to afford occasionally manure-water to these,
than to over-pot.

Crotons need especial attention to keep down red-
spider, and to this end syringing should be performed
often, and on the undersides of the leaves. These
plants delight in much heat and moisture. An-
thuriums should have their foliage sponged, if red-
spider be present, or the young foliage will be dis-
figured. These plants grow best in a warm moist
atmosphere.

Tuberous Plants. — Achimenes, which were potted
at an early date, will take liberal supplies of water,
and should have the tops of their shoots stopped.
These points may be propagated in a hotbed if more
stock is required. Train out all slender growers so
as to allow the plants in the centre of the pots and
pans light and air. Gesneras and Tydeas should be
kept near to the light, and should not be syringed, as
this would soon disfigure them. Dipladenias should
now be in flower, and will require to be liberally
supplied with weak liquid manure, and syringed fre-
quently, or red-spider will become troublesome. In
case any plant should become infested with spider,
employ at once an insecticide.

Climbers.— Succession plants of Stephanotis making
growth should have every assistance. Clerodendrons,
which have flowered, may have their old flower-
trusses removed ; and if large specimens are wanted,
the plants should be shifted into larger pots, the com-
post used being turfy-loam, a small amount of fibrous
peatand decayed manure, andsomequarter-inchbones,
and sufficient coarse silver sand to make it porous.
The plants do best in a place near the light, and
where the young growths cau be tied up to the roof.
They make rapid growth after being removed
from the cool house where they flowered. No train-
ing is needed, only so far as to regulate the shoots
and avoid entanglement. Gloxinias requiring a
shift into larger pots should receive attention, and
be kept in a light house. Seedlings of these plants
should be pricked off into pans or pots, and any
named or good varieties, which it is- desirable to
increase, may now have some of their well-developed
leaves, placed in a pan or pot of peat with a thick
surfacing of silver sand. If the stock be limited, the
leaves should be placed flat on the surface, underside
downwards, and be pegged down, breaking the ribs
of the leaf first. G. Wythcs, Sion House, Brentford.

TRADE MEMORANDUM.

The Erfurt firm of Haage & Schmidt, nurserymen
and seedsmen of world-wide repute, has passed into
the possession of Heir Carl Schmidt, formerly one
of the acting partners, by whom it will in future be
carried on,

The Orchid Houses.

Keeping down the temperature and rendering the
atmosphere fairly humid and comfortable are the
important matters to be attended to during the
hot weather we are getting, and are likely to get.
Careful and evenly balanced top and bottom ventila-
tion, careful shading whilst the sun is on the house,
and a liberal and frequent damping down several
times a day, are the best methods of securing the
desired end. The grower should learn to regulate
each house in these matters, as different houses
require different handling. In no case in hot bright
weather is it desirable to put on too much air, or ex-
cessive evaporation will ejisue, and shrivelling in the ■

Joi v 8, 1889.]

THE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE.

tissues of the plants sets in. There is a class of Orchids
which may specially be mentioned as being readily
damaged by excessive ventilation in hot weather, and
in some kinds of houses. I refer to the whole of the
Huntleya group, comprising Bollea, Pescatorea, &c,
all Phalicnopis, Miltonia vexillaria, M. Roezlii, and
M. Warscewiczii ; the Paphinias, Coryanthes, and
others usually associated with these ; these pass the
summer best in a position cool, shady, and tolerably
moist, and free from currents of air. The Oncidiums
generally, and Lielias, Cattleyas, and intermediate-
house Epidendrums, are not so easily affected by
sunlight and a liberal admission of air in summer,
but in all cases it is better to restrict the opening of
the ventilators to that extent which is necessary to
secure what gardeners call a " comfortable air " in
the houses. In excessively hot weather a damping
down outside the houses lays the dust, and at least
does no harm, and syringing the outside of the blinds
occasionally helps to keep down the temperature;
but in all work requiring the use of water, the rain-
water should be saved for watering the plants ; and
for cleansing and other uses, water from other sources
obtained. Above all things, the shading and water-
ing of the plants should be attended to.

Fire-heat now is only wanted in the house where
are Phalamopsis, gi owing Dendrobes, and other plants
known to make their growths in summer, and on these
and all the other houses a little ventilation top and
bottom should be left on all night. The temperature
for July, as nearly as it can be attained, should be : —
Warmest-house, 75° to 85° by day, 70° at night ;
intermediate- house, 70° to 80° by day, 65° at night ;
cool-house, 60° to 70° by day, 55° at night. James
O'Brien.

The Flower Garden.

Bedding Plants and Watering. — I always strive to
put off watering the flower beds as long as it is possible
to do so without risk, knowing that so long as there
is moisture below the roots these will go in search of
it, whereas slight waterings cause the roots to ramble
just under the surface of the soil, and injury to the
plant is then certain to occur should there be in dry
weather any break in the regularity of the supply.
The prevalence of drying winds and bright sunshine
has now rendered watering a necessity, and a
thorough watering twice a week, so long as the
present draught continues, must be afforded to
bedding plants ; I say " twice a week," but this does
not mean that the application of water to the plants
oftener is not desirable ; it is, but only in the
form of overhead syringings in the cool of
the evening. Given this spray over, and two
thorough root waterings in a week, and bedding plants
are sure to make satisfactory growth. The same
remarks apply to the watering of shrubs, except that
it is not necessary to do it so frequently, because the
thick mulching of manure that is— or should be —
afforded to the roots of these, if lately transplanted,
will keep the soil more evenly moist than the slight
mulching of cocoa-fibre that is sometimes put around
bedding plants. The drought is beginning to tell
on most of the recently moved shrubs, and a good
watering and a renewal of the mulching, with an occa-
sional overhead syringing in the evening, will be
needed.

Subtropical Bedders. — These for the most part con-
sist of seedling plants, and of rapid growers, and
therefore need not only deep and rich soil, but much
moisture. The dwarf ground-work plauts serve to
some extent as mulchings to the taller subjects.
Water should, therefore, be afforded them without
stint, so long as the dry weather continues ; and all
tall-growing plants which are likely to suffer from
wind should be kept carefully tied to stout stakes ;
and if a compact rather than an excessively tall
development of the plants be desired, pinch out the
points of the leading shoots. This will apply to
Abutilons, Acacia lophantha, Hemp, Eucalyptus,
Tobacco — in fact, to all kinds which bear to bo
"pinched. The shoots of Ricinus are seldom stopped,
and yet if this be performed, the plants in some posi-
tions are benefited thereby.

Herbaceous Plants. — These also must have water,
but generally they are left to take their chance ; but
there is a growing disposition amongst gardeners to
give them treatment equal to that afforded the
summer bedders. Phloxes, Asters, and many other
plants that have yet to flower will do so very indif-
ferently if not watered during the present drought.
Keep ali kinds of plants free of decaying flower and
seed vessels. W. WHdsmith,Ueo7tfiela 'House, H inchfleld.

Fruits Under Glass.

The Permanent Fig House. — The fruits here
will now have been gathered, and the fruits of the
second crop should be thinned, and the shoots tied
out. Syringe the trees twice daily, and especially
when standing in dry parts of the house, and if, in
spite of this the red-spider should begin to infest the
foliage, a remedy should at once be applied. One
ounce of carbolic soap dissolved iu 1 gallon of warm
soft water makes a capital wash for this purpose,
care being taken to wet all parts of the foliage.
Water the borders thoroughly, employing manure-
water at intervals of ten days, and clean water at
other times. Maintain a moist atmosphere, and a
little fire-heat will be necessary at nights to keep up
the required temperature, affording plentifully, air
by day, and closing for a short time only in the
afternoon. During the night a moderate amount of
ventilation should be allowed, to be increased at an
early hour in the morning. Where fruit is ripening,
the trees should have a good watering, and afterwards
a mulching of dry stuff to retain the moisture in the
soil, and more water must be applied after this mulch-
ing is laid down ; and the first thing in the morning
of bright days is the best time for the doing it ; but
first gather all the fruit that is ripe.

Muscat and other Late Grapes. — The bunches
should be examined for small berries, cutting these
away carefully ; the laterals should be stopped once
or twice a week ; air should be admitted to the houses
freely during the day, and at night a little, and in-
creased a small amount also at 6 a.m., if the day is
bright; and this morning ventilation will be found
very beneficial to the colouring and development of
that useful Grape, Lady Downe's. The air in the
houses should be kept moist by damping the paths
and beds several times daily ; and very little, if any,
artificial heat will be required, except in very dull
or rainy weather.

Grapes in process of ripening should be well ven-
tilated, the paths and borders sprinkled morning and
afternoon ; but care should be taken that this surface
wetting does not lead to the neglect of a thorough
soaking of the soil whenever this becomes neces-
sary.

Pot-vines, and those newly planted, should have
abundance of ventilation, so that short-jointed canes
may be made, and the wood matured in due season.
Stop the laterals at the first or second leaf, according
to the strength of the vines. W. Bennett, Iiangemore,
Burton-da- Trent.

strong, use clean water. H. Markhani, Mercworth
Castle, Kent.

The Hardy Fruit Garden.

Watering and Mulching Trees. — These import-
ant aids to success in fruit growing should be
attended to now that the weather has become dry
and warm. Those trees which may be fruiting
heavily are the first to require attention, and then
any which may not be making satisfactory growth.
Prick up the surface soil about the roots of stone
fruit trees on walls, these being usually the first to
suffer from want of water at the roots. Over the
soil of the border spread a good coating of rich
manure, and follow this with a thorough watering;
and should manure not be obtainable, water-in a
small quantity of guano, or dress with soot occasion-
ally, and after each watering cover the watered
part with a little dry earth. Trees lightly cropped,
or those making very strong growth, will be
all the better if left unwatered and unmulched,
but repeatedly 8} ringing the foliage to keep it
clean.

Fig Trees on Walls, cfe. — These should be examined,
and all superfluous shoots cut away, reserving only
those which may be required to fill up blank spaces,
and for next year's fruit. These latter should be
short-jointed and compact-looking shoots, that have
reached the limits of their growth. Gross growing
shoots may have the points pinched out, but pinch-
ing is not needed when the wood is short jointed,
and it is required to extend the tree. Remove
suckers from the roots, but do not lay them in on the
wall, as better fruiting wood is obtained from that
whicli springs from the stems. When the roots
are limited to a narrow border (as they should be
in rich soils), a mulch, followed by a drenching of
manure-water, will give the needful assistance to the
trees when the fruit is swelling, but where growth is

The Kitchen Garden.

Watering Crops. — This is a necessary evil in
continued dry weather, and it is not unattended with
ill consequences, for it resembles the operation of
dipping a man iu a bath and setting him before a
strong fire directly afterwards. To mitigate these
ttfdcts before giving water to the vegetables, the
surface should be loosened with a fork or hoe, and the
water applied from the spout of the water-pot, and
giving sufficient to soak the soil about the roots; and
if mulching materials are at hand, a few inches in
thickness may be spread over the soil to prevent
evaporation and the baking of the surface. Where
mulching is not used the Dutch hoe should be brought
into use before the surface hardens.

Late Crops. — Remove the remains of crops which
are past, digging the ground in readiness for Turnips,
Cabbage, Lettuce, Endive, &c. Savoys, Brussel
Sprouts, Broccoli, and Kale may be set out on ground
previously under crops of Peas and Potatos. To
keep Peas long in bearing, it is requisite to pay strict
attention to picking the pods, which should all be
picked of about one size, and not allowed to remain
after the seeds have become half grown, or the
flavour is lessened and the plants weakened. To
keep the plants in full bearing, applications of weak
manure-water, with a few handful* of soot added may
be afforded at short intervals of time.

A mulching of short manure, or, failing that,
grass may be laid out along the rows. In warm
gardens a sowing of early varieties of Peas may bo
made, which in the event of a fine autumn will
prove of value.

French Beans. — The pods must not be allowed to
grow to a very large size before picking them, else
the plant will soon fail. Make a sowing on a
border facing the south, or at the foot of warm
walls, where frames and sashes may be employed for
the protection of the crops ; and where this cannot
be done, pits or frames may be sown after we have
reached the middle of the present mouth. Water
these varieties, and also Scarlet Runner Beans, with
weak dung-water, and mulch when possible.

Turnips. — A good breadth of these should now be
got in for winter consumption. A moderately light
soil meets their requirements, and shallow drills at
a foot apart will suit strap-leaf varieties, but a dis-
tance of 15 to 18 inches will be found to be better
for Tennis-ball, Mouse-tail, Veitch's Red Globe, and
White Stone. Chirk Castle variety is excellent,
and keeps well. Thin Turnips before they get
large, so as to keep the plants sturdy.

Leeks. — The main crop should now be planted,
remembering that manuring for this crop cannot be
overdone.

Cabbages. — Seeds of Stuart & Mein's No. 1 and
Ellam's Early Dwarf Spring may be sown, but the
main crop should be deferred for the present.

Lettuce and Endive. — If sowing? of these have
not been made, seeds should now be sown in
drills — Cos Lettuce at about 10 inches. Cabbage
varieties about 12 to 14 inches apart. The larger
growing Endives should be sown in drills 18 inches
apart; and when large enough, the plants should be
thinned out to like distances in the rows, the thin-
nings being plauted for successional crops.

Cauliflowers. — A few more plants may be put out
in rich soil where growth will be rapid, and where,
ia the event of a mild autumn, they will come in
particularly useful.

Unions. — In cold soils, and late districts, it is
advisable to sow these after the middle of July,
otherwise the second week in August is soon
enough ; but to make sure, it is better to sow twice.

Asparagus. — The last cutting for the season should
now be made, the plants being encouraged to make a
stronggrowth, and to this end frequent and light sprink-
lings of salt may be made on light land, and during
dry weather copious waterings with dung-water.
Where the soil is of a heavy character, salt or strong
manure should not be given, frequent dressings of
artificial manure being preferable. To prevent
cracking of the soil, place a slight mulch of leaf-
mould over the beds. Attend to the tying of the
sironger shoots to stakes, and when seeds appear
pick them off. Wm. Baillie.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 6, 1889.

Advertisers are specially requested to note, that,
under no circumstances whatever, can any
particular position in the paper be guaran-
teed for advertisements occupying legs space
than an entire column.

Now ready, In cloth, lis. 6d.
rpHE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

J. Vol. V., Third Series, .IAN. to JUNK, 1889.

W. RICHARDS. 41, Wellington Street, Strand. W.C.

APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.

MEETINGS.

( Royal Horticultural Society : Fruit
TUESDAY, July 9J and Floral Committees at Cliis-

( wick,

BHows.

/Chiswick (in conjunction with tho
1 Royal Horticultural Society.)
TUESDAY, July 9< Diss.

/ Hereford.
\ Portsmouth.

1 Royal Caledonian.
Ipswich.
Tunbridge Wells.
Ealing.
York Florists.
Brighton and Sussex,
Dursley.

\ Gloucester.

July 11 1 Bury St. Edmunds.

( Stamford.

J11.Y 12— Alexandra Palaoe.

THURSDAY,

FRIDAY,
SATURDAY,

T n ( Eltham.
.)ih\ "^ NeW Brighton.

WEPNESDAY, Jl'LY

FRIDAY,

SALES.

t Leasehold Florist's Business, Nos. 1
\ and 2, Ladbrook Grove, and
10 i 10, The Mall, High Street, Not-
j ting Hill, at The Mart, by Pro-
l theroe & Morris.

JULY 1° $ ImPorted and Established Orchids,

at Frotheroe & Morris' Rooms.

CORRECTED AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR THE ENSU-
ING WEEK, DEDUCED FROM THE OBSERVATIONS
OF FORTY-THREE YEARS, AT CHISWICK— 63°.3.

In spite of various hindrances,

The, such as the novelty of the under-

Rose Conference ... ., _., ..,

at Chiswick. taking, the season, and the visit

of the Shah, the Exhibition and
Conference were successful ; certainly not as to
the number of visitors, nor as to the enthusiasm
at the practical and scientific meetings, but at
least they were so as regards the quality and
variety of the exhibits, and the importance of
the papers read. In fact, it could not well have
been otherwise, when the two Pauls, a Prince,
one or more Cants, a Turner, a Bunyard, and
sundry others were among the exhibitors. Hybrid
perpetuals, Teas, Hybrids of all sorts, climbing
Roses, and old fashioned Roses were largely shown ,
while never before has so interesting a series of
species and ouriosities been got together. In re-
ference to the latter, every visitor with the merest
smattering of botanical knowledge, or the faintest
conception of the marvellous undeveloped power
in these species for further and more perfect
evolution, must have been deeply impressed with
the immense capabilities that Nature has pro-
vided for the profitable use of the cultivator.

Looking back for a quarter or half a century
on the improvement and multiplication of Rose
varieties, and the development of size, improve-
ment of form, substance, and colour, and reflect-
ing that all these advances over the original
types of Rose have been achieved by the aid,
principally, of two, and certainly of not more
than half-a-dozen species, how much may we
not expect in the future, when our great rosarians
and our botanical establishments turn their
attention to the number of untried species ?

There are about sixty species of Roses at the

disposal of hybridists. These species do not
merely exist on paper, nor within the seclusion
of herbaria, for a large number of them were to
be seen, smelt, and studied at Chiswick. Had
the Rose Conference, at which the Royal Horti-
cultural Society and the National Rose Society
loyally co-operated, done nothing more nor better
than bring together so many Rose species,
and almost extinct varieties, they would yet
have given a more powerful impetus to Rose
culture and progressive improvement than has
been effected by any Rose show of the or-
dinary character that has yet been held. But
it is not only that we have more species to work
upon, but we have a more numerous and enthu-
siastic band of rosarians than ever before. A
better proof of this cannot be given than the
oircumstanoe that two or three leading rosa-
rians contributed to this Conference over 600
distinct exhibits, while many others with lesser
opportunities also sent liberally Roses both new
and old.

The two Pails, whose botanical knowledge of
the Rose almost equals their practical success as
growers, largely contributed to the show. Mr.
George Paul exhibited 150 Perpetuals, 50 Teas,
12 hybrid Teas, 12 climbing Roses, 18 garden
Roses, 6 Polyanthas, to say nothing of the
admirable series of wild species, from Kew and
elsewhere, noted in another column. Mr.
William Paul's collection was hardly less
numerous.

Another most hopeful augury for the future
of English Rose growing is the number of good
Ro=es from seeds and sports now raised in
England, to say nothing of the number of good
pedigree Roses raised by Mr. Bennett and
others. Mr. William Paul made a most in-
teresting exhibit of his own seedlings at the
Conference, among which we may notice specially
— Masterpiece, May Quennell, Peach Blossom,
Pride of Waltham, Princess Beatrice, Queen
of Queens, Queen of Waltham, and Silver
Queen. Here, too, may be mentioned Duchess
of Albany, a deep coloured sport from La
France ; Beauty of Waltham, a bright cherry-
coloured Rose ; and Star of Waltham, a deep
crimson of great size and excellent constitu-
tion, and both with fine foliage.

With such masses of material in hand, and
the enterprise and intelligence already in opera-
tion, what may this conference not be the means
of effecting in stimulating progress and extend-
ing knowledge p Adverting, for instance, to the
Rosa mundi and the York and Lancaster, both of
which were shown by various growers : it seems
possible to have the perpetuals, Teas, Noisettes,
and other Roses of the future flaked, barred,
mottled, laced or edged, like Carnations and
Picotees, or fringed like a Chinese Primrose.
Some recent breaks, such as Pride of Reigate,
show that flaked or blotched perpetuals are
quite within the grasp of modern cultivators.

Another great advantage which will accrue
from the Conference will consist in the saving
from extinction of many of the old garden
favourites. No modern Roses can hope to fill
the place in the hearts of the older Rose growers
that the old-fashioned sorts do, and which for
fragrance, longevity, and power of bearing up
under neglect, surpass most of their more tender,
short-lived successors. Lord Penzance in his
paper at the conference alluded to this point,
and all unconsciously seized on the very points
and aims which the promoters of the Exhibition
had in view.

Sir Trevor Lawrence, at the dinner,
alluded to some of the chief defects of modern
Roses, and turned the laugh against the

Dean, familiarly known as Reynolds Hole,
who, in an unguarded moment attempted to
uphold the staying power of Rose flowers in com-
parison with those of Orchids. But the Rose
bushes themselves die all too soon as well. We
have heard of private gardens in which five or
more hundreds are yearly planted to keep up the
stock. Such wholesale and sudden deaths should
be unknown, and possibly the remedy may be
found in reverting to older — or, perhaps newer
species and varieties.

There is, moreover, great room for improve-
ment in the foliage as well as in the flower. By
availing ourselves of fine-foliaged species, such
as rugosa, as M. Bruant has already done, great
advances may be made ; while Lord Penzance's
experiments show what may be done by infusing
the odour of the Sweet Brier into the foliage of
garden Roses.

The constitution of many of our Roses —
La France and Maiechal Niel, for instance
— needs strengthening. What so likely to give
it as the infusion of the blood of stronger
and more vigorous species. And by the .em-
ployment of such open cup-like flowers as rugosa,
it may be possible to furnish exquisitely-formed
Tea and other Roses with guard-petals of similar
or contrasting colour, and not a few admirers of
La France or Madame Cusin might gloat over
their favourites the more fondly were each set,
as it were, in a saucer of Rosa rugosa alba.

We have neither space nor time to do more
than advert to some of the exquisite combina-
tions of colour secured in the arrangements of
some of the boxes ; suffice it to mention a box in
which the flowers of Niphetos were exquisitely
blended with those of Madame de Wratteville,
and which formed one of the loveliest combinations
we hav6 ever seen.

A most interesting and a most hopeful sign
in connection with this function was the co-
operation with the old Society of the National
Rose Society, and especially of its indefatigable
Secretary, Mr. E. Mawley. At the dinner, at
which Sir Trevor Lawrence presided, sup-
ported by Dean Hole, M. de la Devansaye,
and about sixty others, although not too much
was said for the National, who were the guests,
decidedly too little was said for the hosts — the
Royal — in whose garden the show was held ; but
this was, probably, a mere slip, and we trust that
this illustration of good fellowship may lead to
a closer federation of all the kindred societies
under the headship of the parent society.

A few suggestions may be added for the
organisation of future conferences. First, what-
ever the cost, they must be much more widely
advertised. How many of the .vast population
residing within a mile of the garden ? how
many of those dwelling on all sides within ten
minutes railway ride, ever heard that such a
thing was even proposed ? Ealing, Richmond,
and Chiswick alone might have filled the tents
with visitors.

Then as to the Conference, the papers were for
the most part admirable, and some of them epoch-
making in the history of the Rose, but it would
be difficult for proceedings to have been more
dreary. All this might have been avoided, if,
instead of reading prosy sermons, the writers
had been invited to pick out the substance of
their papers, and explain it by word of mouth.
Abstracts, too, of the papers should have been
circulated beforehand amongst those competent
and likely to take part in the discussion. On
the second day when the auditory was exceedingly
small, the discussion was perhaps more important
and more lively than on the first day. Sir
Dietrich Brandis, Sir Alexander Arbuth-

Supplement to "The Gardeners' Chronicle," July 6™ 1889.

m ■. »■. »■. .

Giant Gum Tree (Eucalyptus amygdalina")

USED AS A DWELLING IN GlPPSl \N"D VlCTOI

July 6, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

not, Mr. Fish, Mr. Bunyard, and others con-
tributing some valuable information to the
meeting.

Lastly, we sympathise with the Society in its
financial ditliculties, and few know better how it is
crippled in its desires to do more, but none the
less we feel that the delay in publishing the
really admirable papers it has had read before it
this season, and the withholding them from the
horticultural papers, is a fatal hindrance to the
development of that general interest in the welfare
of the Society and its proceedings, which all of us
are so earnest in our desire to cultivate.

Dublin University.— On the 27th ult. a meet-
ing of the Senate was held in the Examination Hall,
Trinity College, for the purpose of conferring de-
grees. The following was the oration of Professor
Palmer in presenting Mr. Burbidge for the degree
of M.A. (Hon.) : — " Honoratissime Vice-Cancellarie,
totaque Universitas — Duco ad vos Fredericum Gui-
lelmum Burbidge, cui primo, ut par est, apricos florea
laudis meae nectere jubeor. Nam, ut scitis, in arte
et scientia herbaria hie vir plane egregius est. Huic
" suaves daedala tellus summittit flores " docta
benignaque manu colenti. Narcissus, ille sui mi-
rator, huius cura ac manibus se forniosiorem factum
aspiciens obstupescit. Quid de Iaponiae gloria,
floribus auri colorem aemulantibus loquor, quos
nutricare et edueare hie ut nemo, callet? Litter-
arum quoque fiosculos feliciter coluit. De hortis
Solis jucundissimum librum scripsit quo situs,
caelum, fructus ulumarum orientis iasularum belle
depinguntur. Hortos Kevianos olim, nunc nostros
servat. Et mehercule consentaneum videtur, cui
solis Hortos adire contigerit, Hesperidum custodire.
Custodit vero fide serpentis illiss fabulosi, et si for-
midine minor; quippe cuius bonitatem saepe ex-
pertae sint matronae puellaeque quotitns, quod
minime neeessarium, floridum decus nativae formae
addere expetunt." The original would be spoiled by
translation, even if busy editors, with their heads
full of Rose Conferences and Exhibitions, could find
leisure to devote to it ; suffice it to say, that it very
wittily and elegantly calls attention to the services
of Mr. Bubbidge, whose labours have been such
that Narcissus admiring himself, as is his wont in
the mirror, would be astonished at what has been
done for him by the art and skill of Mr. Burbidge.
Reference to Mr. Bcebidge's cultivation of the
flowers of literature is made in the allusion to his
Gardens of the Sun, the title of his most delight-
ful book of Bornean travel. The orator deems
it fit that he who has had the good fortune to
visit the Gardens of the Sun should preside over
those of the Hesperides. Allusion is made to Mr.
Buebidge's training at Kew, and we should have
been pleased had reference been also made to his
longer sojourn at Chiswick ; but that word Chis-
wick would not be easy to Latinise successfully !
By the way, should not the Professor of Poetry be
commissioned to turn into English verse the elegant
locutions of his colleague? It might be a comfort
to English readers.

" Annals of Botany."— The last issued part,
dated February, but not received till the end of
June, is devoted to a botanical " necrology " for
1888, comprising brief biographical details, together
with lists of the principal works and memoirs of the
deceased botanists. The list of De Baby's publi-
cations extends over four pages, that of Asa Gbay
over thirteen. The latter portion of the part com-
prises a very full list of the publications of the year,
both separate books, periodicals, and transactions of
learned societies. The Annals is thus justifying its
title in a very satisfactory way. It is edited by
Professors Baleoue, Vines, and Farlow, and pub-
lished by H. Frowbe, Amen Corner.

HOOKER'S " ICONES."— The last issued part con-
tains numerous illustrations of Indian Orchids,
described for the Flora of British India by Sir Joseph

Hookee. Most of them are of purely botanical in-
terest, but some, such as the Chinese Tainia ma-
crantha and T. cordifolia, should be looked after by
nurserymen.

Royal Horticultural Society.— Meetings
of the Floral and Fruit Committees will be held at
Chiswick on Tuesday next, the 9th inst., in connec-
tion with the annual show of the Chiswick Horticul-
tural Society (which promises to be a good one),
when it is hoped that exhibitors of novelties will
come forward.

Royal Botanic Society.— At the Evening
Fete which passed off satisfactorily on Wednesday
last, there was a very large attendance of visitors.
Table decorations were shown as usual, but, with
only one or two exceptions, they were not of much
merit.

Prof. Reichenbach's Will.— Now that the
first feeling of annoyance has passed oft', and that
Orchidists are beginning to find out that, thanks
to the resources of Kew, the inconvenience will, by
no means be so great as at first feared, we can
afford to laugh at the ludicrous aspects of the case.
Our German friends are far more irate than we ;
they speak of their compatriot as an old nightcap,
" miitze," and see in his testamentary dispositions
the hand of Bismaeck ! How droll we should think
such a remark if Lord Salisbury were accused of
inspiring the will of a learned professor ; but under a
paternal government we suppose such an incongruity
would not be felt.

" Bulletin of the Belgian Federation
of Horticultural Societies."— The volume

published in 1888 (but nominally belonging to 1886)
contains the continuation of M. Devos' list of garden
plants, with an Index. This is so valuable, that now
that the whole is complete, we trust it will be issued
separately. As a list of cultivated plants and their
introducers, it is invaluable.

The Gardeners' Orphan Fund.— The usual
monthly meeting of the committee took plaee at the
Caledonian Hotel, Adelphi, on the 28th ult., Mr.
Geoboe Deal presiding. The minutes of the last
meeting having been read, the Hon. Sec. reported
that the last two investments of £500 had been
effected, the total sum in the fund being £2500.
The Hon. See. reported that the income of
the fund from all sources during the last
financial year, which has just closed, amounted
in round numbers to nearly £2000. Of this sum
nearly £350 was in the form of annual subscriptions,
£900 or so as donations, £260 from local secretaries,
£15 as interest, and £400 from miscellaneous
sources, including the Covent Garden Fc/e. It
may be again mentioned that the annual elec-
tion and dinner takes place on Friday, July 19, at
the Cannon Street Hotel, the election at 2 p.m., and
the dinner at 5 p.m., at which Sir Julian Goldsmid,
M.P., the President, takes the chair, and the com-
mittee are desirous he should be largely supported
on this occasion.

EUCHARIS LEHMANNI.— This is a new species,
described by Dr. Regel in the Gar/en Flora (t. 1300,
June 15). It is like E. Candida, but has a much
broader leaf, more numerous flowers on shorter
stalks, staminal cup deep filaments three-lobed,
»wo lateral lobes lanceolate, central one filiform,
anther-bearing. It is a native of Popayan,
whence it was sent by the collector, whose name it
bears.

Tomato " Ham Green Favourite. "—This
may be called a rival to the well-known Perfection
type. As noted recently, growing in pots at Chiswick,
it was remarkable for its fine red, smooth, solid
fruits ; it is withal of good flavour, and a free bearer.
The variety is now in commerce, being distributed,
we believe, by Messrs. James Veitch & Sons.

Flowers in Season.— From Mr. T. Wabe's
garden at Tottenham come some lovely Lilies, viz.,
L. pardalinum angustifolium, a flower of crimson and
gold, brown spots being scattered thickly over the
latter colour. It differs from the type only in its
narrower leaves. A still more showy kind is L. p.
carminatum, in which the flower segments are much
less reflexed, making a flower 5 inches in diameter.
The yellow colour is lighter than in the first-named,
and crimson approaches to scarlet. L. p. luteum
has flowers of an orange colour, spotted as in the
others on the lower half of the segment of the
flower. L. elegans Van Houttii is like the com-
moner L. umbellatum, but with smaller flowers,
which are of a darker-tinted crimson colour. Messrs.
H. Cannell & Sons, Swanley, send some fine blooms
of Canterbury Bells, in which the calyx is so much
increased in depth as to make a double flower. They
are massive and handsome flowers, and the plants
strong growers. Fine plants for bold masses in beds
and borders. A number of Violas in a variety of
shades of blue, violet, purple and yellow, and white,
come from Messrs. Dobbie & Co., Rothesay, N.B.
Accompanying these were flowers of Sweet William,
with novel and pleasing colours and markings.

FUNGI. — We learn from Future that "the large
herbarium of fungi, transferred by Dr. M. C. Cooke
to the Herbarium of the Royal Gardens, Kew, is now
for the most part incorporated with the previous col-
lection. The total number of specimens reaches to
40,000, being nearly double that of the Berkeley
Herbarium. The number of species has not been
calculated. A large number of these are types, and
others as important as types ; such, for instance, are
the individual specimens used in the illustration of
Mycographia. The entire collection is a most valu-
able addition to the national collection at Kew, con-
taining as it does contributions from most of the
mycologists of the past forty years."

Dinner given in Honour of Professor
Francis Darwin.— We learn from Nature that
Professor Francis Dabwin has recently dined with
the Scientia, a group of French scientists, who each
month invite some distinguished man of science to
dine with them. Professor Mabey spoke in the
highest terms of the work and theories of the late
Chaeles Dabwin. In replying, Mr. Daewin ex-
pressed his appreciation of the honour and kindness
shown to him by the many distinguished scientific
men then present, to some of whom his Life and
Correspondence of Charles Sancin has made him
known.

Egyptian Wreaths.— At the recent soiree of
the Royal Society, Mr. P. E. Newberry exhibited, by
permission of the Director of the Royal Gardens,
Kew, a series of ancient funeral wreaths and plant
remains, discovered last year by Mr. W. M. Flinders
Peteie, in the cemetery of Hawara, Egypt. The
wreaths, which are of Egyptian and Greek manufac-
ture, were all made in the first century B.C., and were
found in wooden coffins, either resting on the heads
or surrounding the bodies of the mummies. Among
them the following are of special interest: — (1) A
very perfect wreath composed of the flowerheads of
a species of Immortelle (Gnaphalium luteo-album,
L.), called by the ancients " helichrysos," and much
used by them in making garlands. Helichrysos
wreaths are mentioned by Pliny (Hist. Nat., xxi.,
96) as having been used in Egypt in Ptolemaic times ;
also by Theophrastus, Athenteus, Cratinus, &c. (2)
Portion of a curious garland made of cones of Papyrus
pith, Lychnis, and Rose flowers, Rose petals, and
scarlet berries of the woody Nightshade. These
latter are mentioned by Pliny as having been
employed in garland-making by the Egyptians. (3)
Portion of a wreath (of Greek manufacture) made
of flowers of the Polyanthus Narcissus (N. Tazetta,
L.). Wreaths made of this flower, the "clustered
Narcissus " of the ancients, are often mentioned by
early Greek poets. (4) Portion of a wreath made
of the flowers of a species of Rose (Rosa sancta, R.).
(o) A perfect wreath composed of Rose petals

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Jolv b, 1889.

threaded by a needle on to strips of twine. " Re-
cently," writes Punt, in his History of Garlands,
" the Rose chaplet has been adopted, and luxury has
now arisen to such a pitch that Rose garlands are
held in no esteem at all if they do not consist entirely
of petals sewn together with the needle " (Hist. Nat..
bk. xxi., 8). There are also exhibited (6) a portion
of a wreath composed of twigs of Sweet Marjoram
(Origanum Majorana, L.), Lychnis flowers, coils of
Papyrus pith, and pieces of copper tinsil ; (7) a
portion of a wreath composed of Chrysanthemum
flowers and leaves, purple Cornflowers, and petals of
the flower of a species of Hibiscus ; (8) a portion of
a wreath made of flowers of Matthiola Librator, L,
flowers of the Polyanthus Narcissus and Hibiscus
petals ; (9) portions of two necklaces made of
flowers of the Date Palm threaded on strips of
twine ; and (10) a fragment of a necklace made of
fruits of the Date Palm. Among the plant remains
were found Peach-stones, Dates, and Date-stones,
Walnut-shells, Currants, Pomegranates, Plums, Figs,
Chick Peas, common garden Beans and Peas, Lentils,
Wheat, Barley, and Oats. These were probably the
remains of the ancient funeral feasts which were
held in the Hawara cemetery by the relatives of the
deceased people who were buried there.

Tree Struck by Lightning. — A corre-
spondent of Nature says, that " During the recent
thunderstorms a large Elm tree was struck by light-
ning in a private park at Dulwich, but the only
visible effects were linear interrupted grooves about
three-quarters of an inch deep, extending down one
side of the tree to the ground, where two or three
depressions, some 3 inches deep were found. The
bark is scooped out as clearly as if done with a
gouge, and the intervals are from 1 to 2 feet in
length, while the grooves themselves are from 1 to 3
feet in length. The grooves are now filled with
mildew, which, I take it, indicates the death of the
adjacent bark."

Rose Exhibition at Torquay.— The second
annual Rose Exhibition, on behalf of the Gardeners'
Relief Fund (Torquay), was held in the grounds of the
Devon Rosery (Messrs. Curtis, Sandford, & Co.), on
June 2t) and 27. The prizes which were all given by the
above firm last year, were repeated, and will be aug-
mented by a list to the value of £25 from the Tor-
quay Horticultural Society, the Rose exhibition of
that Society having been abandoned. Upwards of
£50 was placed to the credit of the Gardeners'
Relief Fund, the result of collections, admission
being free. Mr. John Fbench, gardener to Moreton
SrARKS, Esq., was a successful exhibitor, other
prize-winners being Messrs. Damerell, Satterly,
and Soloman. Messrs. Hawkins, Crook, Damerelt.,
and S. H. Peauoe showed fruit.

The Alexandra Palace Company.— We
observe in a schedule issued by the above under-
taking, that there is to be a show of Roses combined
with a so-called " Rose Queen Festival " on Friday,
July 12. On this occasion Mr. R. Beale will hold a
stall, at which horticultural literature, books, papers,
&c, will be sold. The proceeds of the sale to be
given to the Gardeners' Orphan Fund, as will also
the profits on all Roses — surplus specimen blooms of
the exhibitors. Kind promises of help have been
given.

PARIS. — Messrs. Kelwav & Son, of Laugport,
Somerset, inform us that the 1st prize for bank of
herbaceous Pa;onies, Delphiniums, Pyrethrums, and
Gaillardias has been awarded to them at the Paris
Exhibition.

Messrs. Williams' Nursery, Holloway.—

Visitors in search of good species and varieties of
Orchids to bloom at this season could not do better
than pay a visit to this nursery. Not, as in some
other Orchid-growing nurseries, do we here find a
special display brought together at one point, but
the visitor has to go into each house in turn to find
what is in flower. If this is somewhat of an incon-

venience, still it obliges one to take notice that the
stock of plants generally is in good health and
clean. Suffice it to mention a few amongst many
Orchids that were in flower on Monday last: —
Two Angrreeunis, Sanderianum and Scottianum, both
small-flowered, and both white ; Thunia Marshalli, a
white flower with yellow lip covered with hair-like
protuberances ; T. Bensonire, a pretty purple flower,
and free, like all Thunias. Of Cattleyas were noted
several pretty forms of Mendelii of varying degrees
of beauty ; C. M. versicolor has usually on the same
flower-stalk flowers with a dark lip and one of a
much lighter colour. C. labiata pallida is a notable
species, with large light purple blooms ; here and
there were found plants of C. Gaskelliaua, bearing
fine flowers. The very pretty and very pleasing
light-coloured Dendrobium transparens was bloom-
ing abundantly — a useful plant at this season.
A plant of Cattleya Schilleriaiia in a suspended
basket carried four flowers. A great number
of plants of Miltonia vexillaria were in flower
in variety. The rare Odontoglossum Schlei-
perianum will soon open its flowers. In Vandas
we found Denisoniana versicolor — sweet as
a Violet; suavis and tricolor in bloom. OfCym-
bidiums, mention may be made of ensifolium estra-
tum, which also was in flower here two years ago ;
C. Lowianum was just going over, had been
very fine. Cypripediuuis still number a great
many in flower, and these some of the newest
and rarest. Plants of Calanthe masuca in flower
were numerous ; Coelogyne Massangeana was noted
in good condition in baskets, some of its lovely
flower spikes measuring 1.} feet in length.

Strawberries.— I trust, writes Mr. R. D.
Blackmore, of Teddington, that present prices of
fruit will please those who talk of making £250 per
acre of Strawberries. Good Napier and Paxton
Strawberries are now fetching in Covent Garden, 2il.
per punnet, containing 1 lb. nett of fruit. To gather
this quantity costs, if done carefully, \<l. ; the punnet
costs id. at 6s. per gross, and the carriage costs
the remaining },d . The 2d. moreover, is gross,
not nett amount. Red Currants, the first in the
market, have fetched the smallest fraction (less than
a mite) over 2d. per pound. Tomatos, grown with
fire-heat since February, are at 9d. per pound.
The salesmen who make these returns are inferior to
none in the market ; neither are such prices without
plenty of precedent. These figures are reached
almost every year, and I never have known much
recovery from them. I say, and can show from my
books for thirty years, that there is only one week of
the season during which outdoor Strawbenies fetch
a fair price, and that is before they can be gathered in
large quantities.

Book Notice,

The English Flower Garden.

A second edition of Mr. Robinsons useful
volume has been published by Afurray. It is beau-
tifully illustrated with many new woodcuts of garden
scenes, and many representations of plants which are
familiar in the seedsmen's catalogues. With most
of Mr. Robinson's views as to the proper ordering
of gardens there will be a general concurrence, and
he has been so persistent and so consistent an advo-
cate of more tasteful and rational methods of garden
decoration that his occasional dogmatism may be
condoned. In gardening, however, there is room for
widely different treatment, according to circum-
stances and the taste of the owner. Beauty of
appropriateness is, after all, the primary considera-
tion, and an exclusive addition to one particular
style, or one particular class of plants, under
different conditions and environment, is as bad as
the old ribbon borders. The illustrations still
require a scale to show their proportionate size.
For aught that appears to the contrary, Festuca
appears as big, and the flower of Ficaria bigger,

than the whole plant of Ferula. In one instance,
however, an idea of proportion is given in a very
amusing, though still truncated, manner. It is
always difficult to know what ought to be included
and what omitted from such a book as this ; but
all will agree that the line devoted to Parietaria
is needless, while the Shirley Poppies find no place.
Mr. Robinson uses the word "family" in a man-
ner likely to perplex the reader. The fact that
his book is not intended for botanical readers,
should render the author specially careful in his
descriptions and choice of terms ; a loose statement
would be at once detected by a botanist, but
the less experienced would be misled. The
greatest charm of a garden, to some folk at
any rate, is the opportunity it affords for constantly
learning something fresh and delightful, and there
is so much to be learned in one way or another that
time and energy are sadly wasted when unlearning
has to be done. Mr. Goldring has contributed a use-
ful supplement dealing with flowering trees and shrubs,
but one that demands considerable expansion,
though it is true that some genera and species that
we naturally looked for under this heading, e.g., Rosa,
find a place in the body of the work. A cross-
reference wcu'd have put this straight. The
amateur will find it essential to have this book on
his table.

Home Correspondence.

DELPHINIUMS. — These have been a magnificent
show in borders, and are among the finest thiDga
anyone can have in a garden, especially the tall
perennial kinds, of which there are many now, as
numbers of new sorts have been raised of late, and
the exhibition of some of them at Regent's Park
show on June 19 attracted much notice. Among
the best of them there on that day was one named
Duke of Teck, a particularly striking flower, the
contrast between the deep blue and white being
very marked ; another also seen there, Castro,
was likewise attractive. Of the old kinds none
are more showy and beautiful than D. formo-
sum, that is. when it can be had true to name ;
it is very large, and the lip is almost pure
white. Belladonna is also a distinct kind, the
flowers being of a lovely pale blue ; the plant is
of a free blooming habit, sending up numerous
branching spikes. Besides these and many more
single varieties there are numbers of doubles, the best
of these latter being Madame Henri Jacotot, General
Ulrich, Delight, Prince of Wales, and Michael
Angelo. It need hardly be remarked that these do not
seed, and therefore they can only be increased by
division, which is best carried out in spring, just as
the plants begin to grow, as then it can be done
with safety by simply cutting them through. The
same tiling may be done with the singles at the same
time, but where there are a few of the more select
of these, seedlings should also be raised, or seed
obtained from those who grow the best, as plants
from such are sure to be good, and give much
variety. The time to sow the seed is as soon as
it is ripe, the plants raised blooming the next
season. A good way of getting them up quickly is
to prepare a place on a shady border by making the
soil fine and smooth, and sow under hand-lights, the
tops of which should be removed as soon as the seed-
lings have got a little strength, but which should be
put on again later, and then kept tilted throughout the
winter. To grow Delphiniums well, and keep them
long in flower, they must have good depth of soil, and
be well away from the roots of shrubs, which, if near,
impoverish the soil. A good way, where the plants
have to be freshly started, is to dig out deep holes
and manure the bottom, and then fill in again before
planting. •/. S.

DISEASE OF DAFFODILS. — Mr. Worthington
Smith's interesting notice under this beading might
lead some readers to suppose that the Daffodil rot,
of which I have complained so much, is in some way
connected with the appearance of Puccinia Schreeteri.
I am sure that it is not so. The active cause which
spreads the rot by contagion (?) is still a mystery,
though I feel convinced that it is a specific disease,
but none of the Daffodils affected by rot have ever
shown marks of Puccinia. On the other hand, the

Jolv 6, 1889,'

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

Puccinia has appeared on the leaves of Daffodils
otherwise quite healthy, which have flowered well,
and belong to kinds never affected by rot. As for
burning them all, I hope Mr. W. Smith will forgive
me if I do no such thing. There would be, as he
says, no chance of exterminating all the spores,
so I prefer not to kill the dog which has bitten
me for fear he should go mad, but to keep him and
to watch his symptoms. I venture to predict that
next season these bulbs will grow and flower in their
normal way with little or no signs of Puccinia. I
do not underrate the power of human agency in
exterminating pests, but we may exercise common
sense, which tells us that many of them may as
well be left to themselves, as they will appear,
and disappear, and re-appear at the caprice
of atmospheric and meteorological conditions
over which we have no control. It would
have been absurd, for instance, to try to
lessen the plague of Tortrix viridana, the little
green moth, the caterpillars of which bared of leaves
our Oak woods last spring; but we see this year
that not one in a thousand of these has succeeded in
producing a single successor. Again, a few yeai'3
ago a smut was prevalent in my garden on the seeds
of Primula farinosa. It was called, I think, Ustilago
primulina, and was said to be new to England, and
dire results were foretold to everything primulaceous
in my garden if I did not at once burn all the affected
plants. I did nothing of the sort, but Primula fari-
nosa goes on in the same spots, ripening and grow-
ing from seed, and though the smut occasionally re-
appears it has never attacked any other Primrose.
C. Wolley Bod, Edge Hall, Ma/pas, June 9, 1889.

HARDY CARNATIONS.— If there are any doubts
lingering in the minds of readers of the Gardeners'
Chronicle as to the capacity of the Carnation to dis-
play all its best characteristics treated as an ordinary
hardy plant, I think a look in here about the middle
of July would effectually remove them. I shall have
in profuse bloom just about then, although many are
blooming already, many hundreds of seedling plants
of the very finest strains, not of the small-flowered,
profuse blooming, continental kinds — although these
are very beautiful, too— but of the real English Car-
nation ; and I am sure already that of selfs there will
be scores as fine in flower and in quality as the best
named border varieties. The plants are very strong,
carrying large quantities of flower stems, because the
seed saved in 1887 was sown as soon as ripe, the
seedlingsj^eing housed in frames all the winter, and
were planted out in the following spring. In the
colours already showing are white, cream, flesh,
pink, rose, scarlet, purple, violet, crimson, and
various edged and flaked flowers, showing a wondrous
variety, and in nearly all eases the flowers are very
large. Now, all these plants are growing in an open
field, in a stiff soil, which has, under the influence of
beating rains, become as hard as the high road, and
in the winter is almost saturated with water. Not
a sign of maggot or of fungus, all in the rudest
of health, and i shall readily wager, that whether
grown under glass or anyhow, there is not to be seen
a finer batch of seedling border Carnations in the
kingdom. A. D., Bedfont, Howislow.

WATERING AND MULCHING TOMATOS. — The
present season bids fair to be a particularly good
one for Tomatos, but half the battle in the successful
growing of this fruit is to get an early set, and this
can only be done by watching the plants, and by not
letting them get dry at the roots. This they quickly
do during the early stage, as the roots have not
been able to travel far beyond the ball, and they are
therefore dependent in a great measure on the
moisture it contains, or on that which is held within
the soil about it, and which is soon exhausted. The
best way to prevent the danger of the plauts finding
too little water is to mulch with short rotten
manure, and water freely afterwards, thus preventing
a too rapid evaporation of moisture. By adopting
this plan, and inducing all the first flowers to set, a
crop of fruit is secured which will ripen early. Do
not use very cold water. J. S.

THE OAK AND THE ASH.— Is it not about time
that the proverb relating to the leafing of these
tree3 was consigned limbo of exploded super-
stitions ? I ask that much because I do not believe
that the Ash ever did, since Oaks and Ashes existed,
leaf before the Oak. My experience here is, that the
trees have from a week to three weeks difference in
them, according to sort or nature of tree, as some Ash
trees are later than others, but it is on the whole the
latest of all deciduous trees in leafing. There is no

more probability that the Ash leafs before the Oak
than that the Apple bloums before the Plum. The
proverb has about the same sort of foundation as has
the old story about the giants at the Guildhall coming
down and walking about the city when they heard
the clock of St. Paul's strike 12 o'clock at night.
Credulous people believe anything, however wild,
whilst a little common sense would, if applied, show
the utter stupidity of these absurd sayings. A. D.
[In fifty-four years of observations, the earliest time
at which the Oak produced its leaves was March 31,
the latest, April 26. The Ash : earliest, April 2 ;
latest, April 29. See " Indications of Spring," Gar-
deners' Chronicle, 1888, April 7, p. 427. Ed.]

THE SHIRLEY POPPIES.— "F. R." pays but an
indifferent compliment to the Rev. Mr. Wilks' truly
beautiful strain of Papavcr Rhams in suggesting that
it may not prove constant to character. Why, in
common with so many other evolved garden flowers,
this strain of Poppies should not adhere to form I
cannot comprehend, as the process of selection has
been the work of years, and wondrously beautiful is
the product. Of all the Poppy tribe the Shirley
strain gives us the loveliest of colours, combined
with perfect form, and the most remarkable florifer-
ousness. To have the plants at their best, and flowers
in finest form, seed should be sown quite early in
September, so that the plants may be dibbled out
singly some 15 to 18 inches apart. I have plants
now blooming which are 30 inches in height and as
much through, and that, too, in rather poor soil.
As to colours, I have never seen lovelier. They are
shades of indescribable hues, so exquisitely refined
and pleasing that even a blase florist like myself can
get into a state of enthusiasm over them. So great
is the admiration expressed for these flowers that I
anticipate for them a long lease of popularity. We
hardly know yet how much of beauty there may be
lying in this strain. I fear it would be difficult to
do so, because of the wealth of pollen found in the
flowers ; but if it was possible to isolate and save
seed true to colour of the whites, the edged roses,
the self roses, and pinks, the scarlets, and crimsons,
how lovely would masses of them prove to be. A. D.

THE WHITE MOSS. -It occurs to me that the
following anecdote may be of interest : — The late
Canon Lysons, of Hempsted Court, Gloucester, told
me that his mother wore, on her wedding-day, the
first bloom of the white Moss Rose, and that his
father paid five guineas for it. This must have been
about 1808. G. E. Lloyd Baker.

MULCHING. — The parched-looking surface of
the ground makes one attend to mulching, the
beneficial effects of which, on some soils and crops,
can scarcely be overrated, for, without some such
help, fruit trees suffer, and Peas and Scarlet Run-
ners fail to set their pods and swell, especially the
Runners, the flowers of which are sure to fall if the
plants become dry at the roots; this being so, a
mulching should be applied along each side of
the rows, and the same with Peas, and the
sooner it is put on the better, as a mulching is
a great conserver of moisture, its action being to
check evaporation by preventing sun and air
playing too freely on the soil, and drawing
out and absorbing the water the soil holds after
rain. The most suitable material for mulching is
littery stable-manure. Where it can be obtained,
seaweed is excellent, and Buits Peas and Celery, but
for fruit trees half-rotten dung is best. Before it is
put on, it is advisable to break the crust of the
ground with a fork or hoe, so that water, when given,
or rain, may pass freely in. To water without
mulching is worse than useless, as the giving it
draws the roots to the surface, where they perish,
or the washing causes the land to crack, and let the
air in and moisture out, and plants suffer quickly in
consequence. -7. 8.

INULA GRANDIFLORA. — Never in ten years or
more that I have had them have the large-flowered
Inulas been so fine as they are now. Some plants
have from twelve to twenty flowers, each 4.} inches
across, and of a rich orange-yellow. I have grown
them hitherto under two names, viz., I. glandulusa
(Willd.), figured in the Botanical Magazine, t. 1907,
where I. grandiflora (Willd.) is given as a synonym.
It is a Caucasian plant, and though Boissier, in
Flora Orientalis, follows Willdenow in separating
them, his description of the two hardly presents any
difference, and he calls them very close to one another.
The other name I have had is Inula Uookeri. It is

a taller plant, with shorter and less twisted rays. It
is a much stouter plant, without radical leaves.
This is a Himalayan form, and is separated from
I. grandiflora by "Sir J. Hooker {Flora of India).
Its distinguishing character is that it sometimes
divides its flower-stem. The plants I have under
the name have never done so, and a number of seed-
lings raised two years ago from I. Hookeri differ in
no one character from what I have grown as I.
glandulosa. As far as I can judge, I. grandiflora,
as described by Boissier, would include all the
varieties I have. I send specimens, but whatever
their name3, they are well worth a place in any her-
baceous border. C. Wo/ley Dad, Edge Hall, Malpas.

BLIND STRAWBERRIES.— It is a frequent occur-
rence in private gardens to find a number of infertile
plants among the bearing ones in Strawberry beds,
and as these are the strongest in growth, plants are
often taken from them for our new beds, and there
is much loss entailed from this cause. Although I
am not prepared to say that they never come to bear
again, I am convinced that the greater proportion
continue sterile, thus causing a waste of space. In
the case of beds made late, or with weakly runners,
Strawberries will not always flower the first year,
and as such, should not be rashly condemned ; but
as these blind ones differ in foliage from the fertile
plants, they can be readily detected, and now is the
time to examine the beds ; and I would advise
growers to make notes of new or improved kinds,
both early and late, which would add variety to the
dessert, and extend the season. Geo. Bmiyard, Maid-
stone.

Societies.

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL.

Scientific Committee.

June 25. — Present : Dr. M. T. Masters, in the
chair ; Messrs. McLachlan, Morris, Michael, Dr.
Muller, and Rev. G. Henslow, Hon. Sec.

Rosa berheridifulia. — Dr. Masters gave the results
of his examination of the anatomical structure of
the stem and petiole of this exstipulate, unifoliate
species exhibited at the last meeting, and found
that the fibro-vascular cords leading to the normal
position of stipules were present, the stipules them-
selves being quite arrested. He commented upon
the importance of extended observations on the
anatomical structure of plants from a horticultural
point of view — in that, for example, when the water-
cells are more abundant— the plant appears to be
more liable to be attacked by mildew.

The Blight of Caterpillars. — Mr. McLachlan ob-
served, on the present superabundance of caterpillars,
that it is far less serious and much more local than
is popularly supposed to be the case, some districts
being apparently quite free from any excess. Re-
marks were made upon the popular errors associated
with the vague term " blight," and the difficulty of
persuading the unscientific world that plagues of
various kinds of destructive animals had nothing
whatever to do with atmospheric appearances of
haze.

Amorphophalltis Titanum. — Dr. Masters exhibited
drawings of, and Mr. Morris described, this remark-
able Aroid lately flowering at Kew, fully described
in our columns June 15 and 29, and illustrated in
our present issue (figs. 3, 5, G, pp. 12, 20, 21). It
was received from Sumatra ten years ago, having
been discovered by Dr. Beccari. The tuber weighed
50 lb. at the beginning of this year, and grew at
the rate of 4 inches a day. The spadix and stem
together were 7 feet in height. The spathe was at
first closely adpressed to the spadix, but on Friday
morning, the 21st, it began to spread, and was fully
expanded for one day only. By Saturday morning
it had again closed round the spadix. Like so many
Aroids, the odour was for a time most offensive.
The male flowers are situated low down in a ring,
and doubtless pollinated the females which were
below them. Flies were observed at the base, but
whether they assisted in the fertilisation, or were
laying eggs in the spadix, could not be determined.

PurethritiH Attacked by Insects. — Dr. Muller showed
specimens of leaves penetrated by a dipterous miner,
probably a species of Phytomyza. It first appeared on
the yellow Soleil d'Or, and thence spread to the red
varieties. Mr. Morris compared its ravages with
those of the Ceniostoma coffeellnm, which has
destroyed plantations in, Ceylon and Dominica. The

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 6, 1889.

best way to destroy it was to pinch the leaves where
the caterpillar was burrowing underneath.

Festuca ovina (.'). — Dr. Masters showed specimens
apparently of this species, which were reported to be
covered with a gummy exudation. It did not appear
to be present on the dried specimens sent, but it
was suggested that it might have been honeydew.
Mr. Morris undertook to determine the species and
to report further upon it.

Abies Nortlmanniana, — Mr. Veitch sent a remark-
able branch of this species with a large burr, with
spreading branches of a yellowish hue. A dis-
cussion was raised as to the general cause or causes
of such structures, and whether they were hereditary
or could be propagated. The opinion entertained
was, that they were originally due to the puncture of
some insect, but the difficulty lay in observing it at
the time. Dr. Masters said he had on one occasion
noticed some seedlings of Fir trees having such ab-
normal growths on the Simplon. It was proposed
to subject the specimen to microscopic examination,
and to test the powers of propagation. The Clan-
brassilian Fir are known to be readily propagated
which have thus originated.

Urtica dioica montecious. — Mr. Henslow exhibited
specimens of the female plants of the common
Stinging Nettle with male flowers at the extremi-
ties only of the female branches of the panicles,
corroborating the generally received view that the
occurrence of male organs is correlated with a
reduced vigour.

National Rose Conference, Chiswick.

July 2 and 3. — The attendance last Tuesday and
Wednesday was by no means so large as it might
have been and, indeed, the exhibits were compara-
tively few in number, but did not lack in interest or
beauty. Taken as a whole, the quality of the blooms
of the show, Teas, H.P.'s, &c, was of a good average.
The Moss and China Hoses, and other neglected sec-
tions were fairly well represented, and called up old
memories to many of the visitors. At the Conference
proper — details of which are given below — much
useful work was done, and the papers read will
appear in full in the Journal of the Society. On
Tuesday evening Sir Trevor Lawrence presided at a
dinner held in the Hotel M£tropole, when about
seventy persons attended.

The Great Collections.

These were found in class 1 of the schedule issued
by the conference committee, and seemed to include
representatives of nearly all ordinary kinds, whether
exhibition, garden, climbing, miniature, and other-
wise. The class included four entries, viz., from
Messrs. W. Paul & Son, Waltham Cross, who had
no fewer than eighteen boxes of flowerB, comprising
368 varieties, for which a Silver-Gilt Flora Medal
was given. Messrs. G. Paul & Son, Cheshunt,
who had fourteen boxes, containing many high-
class flowers, who also took a Silver-Gilt Flora
Medal. Mr. W. Rumsey, Waltham Cross, who
had seventeen boxes, and received a Silver
Banksian Medal ; and Mr. C. Turner, of Slough,
who sent eight boxes. Messrs. W. Paul & Son's
collection comprised many hybrid perpetuals, Teas,
Noisettes, climbing Teas, Mosses, Gallicas, Poly-
anthus, Chinas, singles, and various other sections.
Of the hybrid perpetuals, very fine dark flowers,
were Harrison Weir, A. K. Williams, Abel Carriere,
Auguste Rigotard, Charles Darwin, Duke of Con-
naught, Prosper Laugier, Marshall Wilder, Black
Prince, Grand Mogul, Crimson Queen, Duke of
Edinburgh, Horace Vernet, Eclair, and Ferdinand
ChafTbtte. Of rose tints, Madame Charles Wood,
Her Majesty, La France, Madame C. Crapelet, Coun-
tess of Oxford, Princess Beatrice, May Quennell,
Etienne Levet, Madame Decour, a lovely rosy
carmine, and Madame Gabriel Luizet, were excel-
lent. Of white hues, Coquette de Blanches, Baronne
de Maynard, White Baroness, The Puritan,
Mabel Morrison, Albane dArmenia, Madame
Lacharme, and Madame Francois Pittet were the best.
Of the Bourbons, Souvenir de la Malmaison, Cannes
la Coquette, and Michel Bonnet, were the most
striking. Noisettes had as representatives amongst
others, W. A. Richardson, Fellenberg, Madame C.
Kuster, Aim£e Vibert, and the deep red Queen of
Bedders. Tea-scented varieties included the Coun-
tess of Pembroke, Madame de Watteville, Madame
Cusin, Catherine Mermet, Perle des Jardins, Grace
Darling, Madame Falcot, Hon. Edith Giflard, The
Bride, and Sunset. Climbing Teas included Devo-
niensis, Lambriesa, Madame Berard, Waltham
Climber, Belle Lyonaise, and the fine old Gloire de

Dijon. In Gallicas were found the old striped Rosa
mundi, Persian Yellow, and Harrisonii, of Polyanthus,
Mignonette, and Princess de Pays Bas. Of Chinas
there was nothing specially worthy of mention. Singles
included Rugosa and R. alba, and Madame George
Bruaut. The best of the Mosses were the common
crested purpurea rubra and Blanche Moreau.
Hyrbrid Chinas included Coupe de Hebe, Vivid,
Paul Perras, Fulgens, Madeline, and Juno, Ever-
green Ayrshire, Hybrid China, &c, made up
this large and varied collection. Messrs. G.
Paul & Sons' fine lot of flowers gave of
hybrid perpetuals excellent blooms of Comte
Raimbaud, Star of Waltham, Madame Alphonse
Lavallee, Charles Darwin, Countess of Rosebery,
Alphonse Superb, A. K. Williams, Victor Hugo,
Eclair, Beauty of Waltham, Madame Charles Wood,
Lady Helen Stewart, Baroness de Medan, Abel
Carriere, and Reynolds Hole, of rich-coloured
kinds. Of lighter hues, Lady Mary Fitzwilliam,
Victor Verdier, Marie Cointet, Captain Christy,
Her Majesty, Baroness de Rothschild, Pride of

FIG. 5.— AMORPHOPHALLES TITANEM, FULLY P.XPANDED.
GREATLY REDPCED. (SEE P. 19.)

Waltham, Duchess de Gallier, Silver Queen, and
Madame Theresa Levet were the most pleasiDg.
Bourbon varieties gave Madame J. Perriere, Madame
Trifle, Souvenir de la Malmaison, and Countess du
Pare, all excellent. Amongst Teas, Madame Cusin,
Madame A. Etienne, The Bride, Jules Finger, Gloire
de Bordeaux, Innocente Pirola, Etoile de Lyon,
Souvenir d'Elise Vardon, Francisca Kruger, and
Madame Bravy were charming; and of Chinas, Vivid,
Longworth Rambler, Paul Verdier, and White Pet
were good. In single forms, Paul's Single Red and
Single White, and Macrantha White were pretty ;
and of the Rugosa section the red, white, and pink
forms were very charming. The striped Provence
forms gave some pleasing flowers, especially Mercedes,
Perle de Panachees, Elie Flamand, and Montalembert.
The best Moss forms seemed to be Blanche Moreau,
crested, common, and White Bath. Hybrid Teas
included Reine Marie Henriette, Grace Darling,
Countess of Pembroke, and Cheshunt Hybrid. Noi-
settes, W. A. Richardson, L'Idea'e, Aimfe Vibert, and
Narcisse ; and Polyantha forms, Gloire de Polyantha,
George Permet, and Max Siniger. Mr. W. Rumsey
had blocked their flowers so far as possible into

divisions of colour, their heavy hued hybrid perpetuals,
including Lord Macaulay, Victor Hugo, Empress of
India, Charles Darwin, Pierre Notting, Souvenir de
Victor Verdier, &c. Lighter hues included E. Y. Teas,
Le Havre, A. K. Williams, Duchess of Bedford,
Marie Baumann, and Camille Bernardin. Rosy tints
included Jules Margottin, Etienne Levet, Madame
C. Wood, Roval Standard, Duchesse de Mprny, and
Auguste Rigotard. Paler tints were found in Jules
Finger, La France, Baroness Rothschild, Mrs. G.
Dickson, Her Majesty, Merveille de Lyon, Madame
Lacharme, and Eugene Verdier. Of Teas, this firm
had good blooms of The Bride, Francisca Kruger,
Madame Angele Jacquier, Sunset, Comtesse de
Nadaillac, Etoile de Lyon, Boule d'Or, pale colours ;
and darker hue3, Souvenir d'un Ami, Madame Lam-
bard, Madame Cusin, Countess of Pembroke, and
Miss Ethel Brownlow. Mr. C. Turner had arranged
his H.P.'s in trebles, the light and dark flowers alter-
nating. Of the dark hues, Countess of Rosebery,
Marie Baumann, Xavier Olibo, A. K. Williams,
Charles Darwin, and Charles Lefebvre were the
best ; whilst of pale hues, Merveille de Lyon,
Captain Christy, Her Majesty, Baroness Rothschild,
and Madame Gabriel Luizet were very beautiful.
Teas found good representatives in Madame
Willermoz, Madame Lambard, Catherine Mermet,
Marie van Houtte, Adrienne Christophe, and
Countess de Nadaillac. Of Polyantha forms, very
pretty clusters of Mignonette, Perle d'Or, The Pet,
Anna Maria de Montravel, and Jean Drivon were
set up ; and of climbers, Jules Margottin and Prin-
cess Louise Victoria ; whilst of Mosses there were,
very fresh and good, Cristata, White Bath, and
Jas. Veitch, this latter being of a curious mauve-
purple colour, but pretty in the bud state.

SCJIMEE-FLOWEEING RoSES.

In the class for Moss and Provence Roses, Messrs.
W. Paul & Sons, G. Bunyard, of Maidstone, and
J. Cranston, of Hereford, set up collections. Messrs.
Paul & Sons had very pretty Moss, Pride of Milton,
large red ; White Bath, common Crested, Little
Gem, and Angelique Quetier. Mr. Bunyard's flowers
included Reine Blanche, Celine, common Moss,
common Provence, Spongs' (dark red), and Laneii.
Mr. Cranston's flowers had amongst them Cranston's
Perpetual, white ; Gloire des Mousseuses, pink ;
Crested Moss, Madame Moreau, and Edward Ory.
A Silver Banksian Medal was awarded to Messrs. G.
Bunyard & Co.

In the collections of Hybrid China, H. Bourbons,
H. Noisettes, Gallicas, and Albas, number unlimited.
Messrs. Geo. Bunyard & Co., Maidstone, made a dis-
play of meritorious varieties, each one being referred
to its own section, Ohl and Duchess of Buccleuch,
were conspicuous forms of Gallica, Princess Louise
Victoria and Cannes la Coquette of Bourbons ; and
of Noisettes, Boule de Neige, Loisette, and Madame
F. Pittet; while Paul Verdier, Ch. Lawsou, and Paul
Ricaut, of the hybrid Chinas attracted notice. Messrs.
W. Paul & Son, Waltham Cross, N., who also showed
well here, had Madame Legros, cream-white, with
a pinkish centre ; Celestial Pink, Madame Plantier,
Ch. Lawson, and Blairi No. 2; a third lot somewhat
similar coming from Messrs. J. Cranston, King's
Acre, Hereford, Abel Carriere, Juno, and Fulgens
being the most noticeable.

Single decorative Roses were contributed by the
Rev. J. H. Pemberton, Havering-atte-Bowe, Rom-
ford, alone, and some of those shown by him are
certainly well worthy of the title decorative, such, as
for instance, the Damask Rose, in varieties, including
the striped form, which, however, is not to be com-
pared to the selfs in our estimation ; Rosa rugosa,
the old China, R. lucida, and Madame Hardy, a
pink-flowered Rose.

Climbing Roses were a very effective show in the
collection of Messrs. Paul & Son, Cheshunt, who
had them lightly arranged in baskets, one variety to
each basket. Madame Plantier, Felicite Perpetuelle,
The Garland, and Mary Gray attracted notice at
once, and others included Amadis, Flora, Coupe
d'H6b6, and Raal Verdier. Messrs. W. Paul,
Waltham Cross, had various forms of hybrid China,
Ayrshire, Sempervirens, and H. Bourbon, of which
we may enumerate Dundee Rambler, Virginian
Rambler, Ch. Lawson, Leda, Vivid, and Fulgens ;
also the elegant little Garland, and La Ville de
Bruxelles (Damask). Messrs. G. Bunyard & Co.
also showed here, having such favourites as W. A.
Richardson, M. Niel, Devoniensis, Ophirie, Cheshunt
Hybrid, and Reine Marie Henriette.

Messrs. G. Bunyard & Co. were the only exhibitors
of Polyantha Roses of the summer-flowering kinds,
Anna Marie, ftnd Perle d'Or being the most notice-

[The Gardeners' Chronicle, July S, 1859.

FlU. G. — AlIOIiPHOPHAU.lS TITANIM IS THE VUTOR1A HOUSE AT KKW, ON" JCXE 22, THH MOHKIMI AFTER IT HAD OPENED : TOTAL HEIGHT, 6 IT. i) IN. (SEB P. l'.l.)

THE GA HDENSR8' Cffli ONI GL R

[July (3, 1889.

able, the latter looking very elegant in small buds.
The same firm was again alone in exhibiting any
summer-flowering Kose not provided for in the
foregoing classes, and made a very attractive stand
with such as Paul's single white, the old Rosa Mundi,
the Persian Yellow which is of such a rich hue, the
Austrian Briar, K. rugosa and its white variety ;
Perle des Panachees, and the red Damask.

Autumn Floweiuno Hoses.

Collections of H.P.'s, not exceeding forty-eight
varieties, were sent by three firms. Mr. J. Cranston
showed forty-eight blooms of large size, bright, and
in first-class condition, having as his best, Merveille
de Lyon, Marie Baumaun, Etienne Levet, Maurice
Bernardin, Madame Lacharme, Madame Ch. Wood,
Abel Carriere, Countess of Oxford, Ulrich Brunner,
Marquise de Castellane, Francois Michelon, and
Senateur Vaisse. A Silver Flora Medal was awarded.

Messrs. Keynes, Williams & Co., Salisbury, were
awarded a Silver Banksian Medal for a collection of
seventy blooms, generally of medium size, good
form, and shown in fair condition ; Marie Verdier,
Duke of Edinburgh, Alfred Colomb, Duchesse de
Vallambrosa, Fisher Holmes, Madame E. Verdier,
Elie Morel, and American Beauty, may be selected.
The 3rd lot was from Messrs. J. Burrell & Co., Cam-
bridge, who staged thirty-six blooms, bright and
fresh, the best being Madame Montet, Marquise de
Castellane, Duke of Teck, Dupuy Jamain, Her
Majesty, General Jacqueminot, Madame J. Dubois,
and Horace Vernet.

For twenty-four varieties H.P.'s, Mr. F. Cant,
Colchester, was awarded a Silver Banksian Medal.
He contributed a stand of very fine, bright, and
fresh blooms, and had a pleasing mixture of colours,
Marie Finger, A. Colomb, Prince Arthur, Ulrich
Brunner, Horace Vernet, Pride of Waltham, Etienne
Levet, Her Majesty, Madame Ch. Wood, Lady M.
Fitzwilliam, and Star of Waltham being fine samples.
Messrs. Keynes, Williams & Co. had a creditable
lot, in which were Duchesse de Morney, Ulrich
Brunner, Duke of Wellington, M. P. Wilder, and
Countess of Rosebery. Messrs. G. Bunyard & Co.
had a collection of dark-coloured varieties, Xavier
Olibo, A. K. Williams, and Ulrich Brunner being
most noteworthy. Large and full flowers were sent
by Messrs. J. Cranston, Madame M. Rady, Queen of
Queens, Madame Ch. Wood and Madame Ch.
Crapelet being included ; and from Messrs. J. Cheal &
Sons, Crawley, Sussex, was a collection of medium-
sized blooms of good varieties.

In the collection of twelve H.P.'s Mr. F. Cant
also sent a good bright lot of blooms, Merveille de
Lyon, Pride of Reigate, Ulrich Brunner, and Her
Majesty, being the finest. A very bright and neat
lot was staged by Mr. E. Mawley, Rosebank, Berk-
hampsted, in which Captain Christy, Francois
Michelon, Dupuy Jamain, Countess of Oxford, and
Her Majesty, figured well ; Messrs. J. Cranston, and
Keynes, Williams & Co., were also exhibitors here,
showing as before.

Among the collections of Teas and Noisettes, not
less than twenty-four varieties, there was a grand
display. Mr. G. Prince, Oxford, had a capital lot,
receiving a Silver Flora Medal for them. The
blooms were fresh, bright, and well-coloured, the
best being : Comtesse de Nadaillac, Madame Casio,
M. Neil, Catherine Vernet, Marie Van Houtte,
Madame de Watteville, Etoile de Lyon, and Sou-
venir de S. A. Prince. Mr. F. Cant was awarded a
Silver Banksian Medal for a stand of large and well-
filled blooms, Madame Cusin, Comtesse de Nadaillac,
Madame de Watteville, and Madame C. Kuster being
the varieties best represented. A very bright lot
came from Mr. J. Cranston, Devoniensis, Innocente
Pirola, Souvenir d'un Ami, and Perle de Lyon being
well shown. The Rev. F. R. Burnside, Gloucester,
sent a stand of neat but small flowers ; and Messrs.
J. Bnrrell & Co. had M. Niel, Madame A. Jacquin,
and Madame de Watteville in good form.

In the class for twelve Teas or Noisettes good
blooms were again the rule. Messrs. Keynes,
Williams & Co. had a very elegant, neat, and well-
coloured lot of blooms, out of which Madame Cusin,
Niphetos, Catherine Mermet, and Madame de Watte-
ville may be named (Silver Banksian Medal). Mr.
G. Prince was also a worthy exhibitor, and was also
awarded a Banksian Medal. Niphetos, Comtesse de
Nadaillac, Madame Cusin, and Madame de Watte-
ville, were well formed blooms. Messrs. Cranston
and J. Cheal & Son also showed well.

Teas in bunches were very effective, but only
small blooms were shown. Messrs. G. Bunyard &
Co. showed a number of interesting varieties. Mar-
quise de Vivens (Tea), white with red margin, was very

attractive; others were W. A. Richardson, Laurette,
Perle des Jardins, Comtesse de Nadaillac, &c. Mr.
G. Prince, and Messrs. Paul & Son, Cheshunt, also
showed a neat box of favourite garden varieties.

Polyanthas and hybrid Roses were represented by
one lot only, which was sent by Messrs. W. Paul &
Son; Perle d'Or, Anna Maria de Montravel, and
Cecile Brunner, which last is of a pretty pink colour,
may be mentioned.

Collections of China Roses were very pretty and
bright. Messrs. G. Bunyard & Co. contributed a
capital lot, showing besides the Common or Blush,
the Pnrple, Louis Phillipe, Ducher, and Gloire des
Rosamenes. Messrs. W. Paul & Son showed vigorous
specimens of Ducher, Blush, Belle de Florence, and
Cramoisie superieure. These Roses are very elegant
either in growth or when cut.

Species of Roses.

^ There were several good collections of species,
T. W. Girdlestone, Esq., Great Berkhamsted, having
a number, all in flower, and for which he was re-
warded by the grant of a Silver Banksian Medal, the
collection included rugosa, rubrifolia, Beggeriana,
Damask, indica and varieties, Hardyi, macrantha,
pisocarpa, Woodsi, multiflora, and lucida varieties in
excellent specimens.

From the Royal Gardens, Kew an extensive
lot was sent which were as follows :— E. nivea,
involuta Wilsoni, micrantha, hemisphaerica, spino-
sissima, berberidifolia, Fortuneana, nutkana, Beg-
geriana, sempervirens, capreolata, polyantha, mos-
chata, stylosa, sinica, cinnamomea, Carolina, sericea,
lucida, nitida, laxa, pisocarpa, rugosa, microphylla,
hibernica, acicularis, Webbiana, alpina, myriacantha,
macrophylla, provincialis, centifolia, damascena,
gallica, tomentosa, villosa, noisettiana, canina, indica
(green monstrosity), anemonreflora, rubiginosa, and
sepium.

Messrs. Paul & Sons also showed Rosa species in
pots, having R. Carolina, lucida, blanda. foliosa,
gymnocarpa, Ecca?, setigera, arkansana, Berberidi-
folia, of which illustrations is given at pp. 8 and 9,
figs. 1 and 2, of this issue ; pimpinellifolia, platya-
cantha, Pissardii, nitida, nutkana, pisocarpa, macro-
phylla, microphylla, laevigata, sinica, indica, villosa,
and Nuttaliana.

The Rev. J. H. Pemberton had specimens of
R. arvensis, rubiginosa, and canina.

From the Botanic Gardens, Cambridge, Mr 1. R.
Lynch sent nineteen specimens, which were mostly
in flower ; they were alpina, Beggeriana, blanda,
canina var. (dumalis) gallica, indica, pumila, invo-
luta Wilsoni, lucida, macrantha, macrophylla, Ma-
netti, polyantha, repens, Ayrshire, rubiginosa, rubri-
folia, rugosa, and rugosa var., with a distinct foliage.

Rev. Movie Kogers showed a specimen of Kosa
pseudo-rusticana, a Rose hitherto only known to
exist in this country; and Mr. T. A. Briggs sent
specimens of Kosa stylosa var. systyla, R. micrantha
Briggsii, R. stylosa leucochroa, and six old garden
Koses.

Mr. Ross showed, from Pendell Court, Rosa
mundi, damascena, Felicite perpetuelle, rugosa,
rugosa alba, arvensis,' canina, lutea, double flowered ;
Austrian Brier, Polyantha, in variety ; lucida, and
repens.

Kev. H. En-bank sent specimens of Kosa berberidi-
folia, sinica, rubrifolia, and lucida.

Miscellaneous.

Messrs. Keynes, Williams & Co. sent a few boxes
of favourite varieties. Messrs. W. Paul & Son
showed the new Duchess of Albany and seedlings —
Sappho (Tea), delicate yellow ; Waltham Pet (Moss),
white, pink centre ; and Spenser (H.P.), large pink.
Mr. G. Prince had Niphetos, Madame de Watte-
ville, and Comtesse de Nadaillac, in excellent samples,
richly coloured. Mr. Cranston showed Crimson
Bedder, a very effective and free Rose, with others ;
and Messrs. Paul & Son had two boxes of H.P.'s
and one of Teas, showing well-known varieties.
Messrs. Drover, Ryde, Isle of Wight, had line blooms
of Kose W. A. Kichardson, from an east wall.

The meeting was held in the gardens of the
Society. Dean Hole presided at the first meeting.

The Chairman in opening the p roceedings, said : —
On a summer's eveningsome five-and-forty years ago
a young English gentleman who had just finished his
career at Oxford was sauntering round his father's
garden — a pretty garden, full of all the old pleasant
things — but he was thinking more of the " weed "
between his lips than of the flowers around him.
Classical literature, and field sports, and pretty faces,

and graver matters than these had caused that love
of flowers of which we all of us have, innate
reminiscences — of Paradise lost and indulgence in
the hope of Paradise regained. — had caused the
love of flowers to pale its ineffectual fire. He
was blind to the glory that was all around him.
Suddenly, I am telling you literal simple facts,
suddenly he, or I, for I was he, and I know to a few
inches the very spot. Suddenly he saw the glory of
the western sun in a Rose. It was a Gallica Rose,
and the sudden splendour of the sight caused him to
say from his heart, " Oh, how beautiful!" I could
have almost knelt, I say " almost " because I was in
dinner dress, and Poole's expensive garments were
not adapted for kneeling on gravel walks ; therefore,
I satisfied myself after I had made obeisance
to the Rose, by going and visiting every Rose I
could find in the garden. There were not
many in those days. There was the old
cabbage — what a name to give a sweet
lovely Rose ! You might almost as well call it
bubble and squeak. There was the Moss Rose, the
Kosa Mundi, commonly called the York and Lan-
caster, there was the little Fairy Rose, that we usfd
to call Doll's Kose, there was the Crimson Damask,
and I am not quite certain whether this Rose I now
have in my coat — Lee's perpetual — was there or
not. There were a few named varieties which our
zealous old gardener had persuaded my father ■ to
get, and these were considered the novelties and
glories of the period. There was the Charles Duval,
the Brennaus, Blairii No. 2, Fulgenas, the Charles
Lawson, and I think Madame Lafi'ey. I delighted in
my sudden but very complete conversion. Love at
first sight — first born heir of all — made this
night thus, and the next morning I wrote
for Rivers on the Hose. I devoured, I digested
every word of it. I marked under almost every Rose,
like a young lady's letter, where all the adjectives
are scored under, and as soon as it was possible, in
the month of November, came one of those delight-
ful hampers that we rosarians love as much as the
schoolboy does the hamper from home. I delighted
to cut the! cords and unravel the matting. The
Roses responded to my admiration and smiled upon
me, and never since the days of Paradise had there
been such Roses seen in Nottinghamshire. Friends
came to admire them, and I planted them,
until at last our garden was like the Crystal
Palace under a pyrotechnic influence — it was all
couleiir dc Rose. I was not satisfied with the ad-
miration of friends ; the public must gaze and
wonder and see the first prize written beneath.
Still I was dissatisfied ; hunger and appetite came
with eating. I was indignant that the queen of
flowers should be treated more like a lady-in-waiting
than as royalty should be. It was put into a corner
of the show, and judged very often by men who
hardly knew a Rose from an Artichoke ; and while
other flowers, the Carnation, the Chrysanthemum,
and the Dahlia, had exhibitions all to themselves
there was no such thing as a Kose shown in its own
unaided dignity and beauty. Year by year this
feeling grew upon me, and at last I made a public
protest, and I made a strong appeal, not only in the
magazines, but by private letters, that we might
have a National Kose Show, and more than
thirty years ago a very few of us — the fewer
the men, the greater share of honour — we met,
we band of brothers, at a place called Webb's
Hotel, in Piccadilly, which had not much association
with Roses, except that there was a strong fumi-
gation pervading the apartment in which we met.
We met there — Mr. Rivers, of Sawbridgeworth ; Mr.
William Paul, whom I am delighted to meet to-day ;
Mr. Charles Turner, of Slough ; Mr. Francis, of
Hertford ; and I think that was all. Only two of us
remain now of that little company. But our heart
was in our work, and it prospered. We collected a
sum of £200, and had our first great National Kose
Show in St. James's Hall, just then finished, and we
paid 30 guineas for the day on July 30, 1858.
I had the happiness of giving away thirty-
six silver cups, as the saying is, with my
own hands, because I could not very well do it
with anybody else's hands, and when I presented two
to myself, my dear old Yorkshire gardener said he
thought I should have gone right up, like Ganemede,
you know, whom Jupiter snatched from earth in order
that he might be his cup-bearer in Olympus. From
that time Rose shows became an institution, and the
greatest result that came from them as regards us
rosarians was the institution of the National Rose
Society, mainly by the efforts of our friend, Mr.
D'Ombrain. That Society has done its work, and,.
I think, with consummate wisdom and zeal,

Juiy 6, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

and the Society has had the arrangement of Rose
shows in England, north and south, east, and
west. It has done more than this— it has pub-
lished an excellent catalogue of Roses tit for
exhibition, and it has done more than this in
later days, a selection of Roses which are best for
general enjoyment in the garden. That supple-
ment was to me most welcome, because there pre-
vailed an idea amongst florists that we rosarians
only cared for obese blooms ; but the reality is
this, and you will testify to the truth of what I am
saying, that it is impossible to love one Rose really
and not love them all ; and I do not think any man
deserves the name of gardener who does not see
something to admire in almost every flower that
grows. And now I have been obliged to be very
egotistical, because it has all been historical ; but I
mav state, not without some little vanity, that from
that single Rose on that summer's evening, hundreds
of additional acres have been planted with Roses,
and that little spark has lighted ten thousand fires.
It remains for us old rosarians to do all we can for
our younger brethren, to tell them all we know about
soil and situation, enrichment, and cultivation, and
to put before them the pros and cons, the losses and
gains of exhibiting Roses. One hardly knows what
advice to give to the neophyte as to which line he
should take. I think if 1 began again from the ba-
ginning to be a rosarian, I should like to have a sort
of amphitheatre of Roses, slopes of Roses, cataracts
of Roses — like those of Ayrshire, which came down
from the house o iMr. Rivers — arcades of Roses,
arches of Roses, avenues of Roses. I should like to
have every Rose that grows, and it is delightful to
see to-day almost every Rose that is known
in this exhibition, which has been so elaborately
arranged, and so well supplied. At the same time,
if I were going round this beautiful garden a few
days before the show, and saw what a young sporting
friend of mine, who is a rosaiian also, described the
other day as the " ripping twerty-four " — if in this
amphitheatre I saw this " ripping twenty-four," I
know I should feel fidgetty and uncomfortable, like
the huuter who hears the horn in the distance, or
like the soldier who listens to the trumpet and the
drum ; and I know the old days would come back
when one had the glowing happiness to go into one's
garden when the sun was rising— at 3 o'clock in the
morning, and seeing that splendid sight of those
Roses washed with dew— an ai.barras de richesse;
and then the completion of the box, the travelling
by the*rail, and the arrival, when —

" From dusk to dawn, from right to morn,
We dozed through clank atd din,
And woke with cramp in bith our legs
And bristles on our chin.''

Then the delight of making ourselves C.B.'s— com-
panions of the bath — the arrangement of the show,
the anxiety and doubt, and at last the victory. Be-
tween these phases I should hardly know whether to
recommend a rosarian to become an exhibitor or
not, at all events you will bear with my personal
recollections, because you know my heart is in the
cause. " I am not the rose,'' said the earth in the
Persian fable, "but cherish me because we have
grown together." It is not right to make a
long grace when we are longing for the meal,
and it is not right for me to make a too long
preface when we are going to have so much
practical information, but I will only add that this is
a happy day to my heart. It is a happy day for me,
for 1 feel like some old grandfather surrounded by
his children, and his children's children ; and to
those who are stiangers, to those who are perhaps
only just beginning to love roses, to those who come
from a distance, and to those who come over the
waves to England, I apply to them the name, not
strangers, but brothers. One touch of rose love
makes the whole world kin. Multa tcrricolis lingmr
rosicolis una. Our language may be different but
there is something in our hearts that has the same
congruity of sound, and we welcome all to-day,
knowing that they will join with us their voices in
saying Florea regina jlomm; Vive la reins its
flcurs .'

The following papers were then read ; — Mr. Foster-
Melliar on " Pruning Roses," an excellent prac-
tical paper ; Mr. Mawley on " Rose Stocks, &c,"
and lastly that by M. Vivian-Morel on "Rosa poly-
antha as a Stock for the Rose," which was read by
Dr. Masters.

The author pointed out that M. Alegatiere, of
Lyons, ascertained that the seeds of this species
germinate within a month after being sown without
being stratified, eo that the stock can be budded in

the first year. Various confirmatory statements by
different experimenters were given ; amongst others,
some by M. Bernaix, who advocates the budding of
Roses on seedling Polyantha stocks as specially
suitable for pot Roses, and Roses intended for
forcing. Such plants come into growth and flower
ten to fifteen days earlier than those budded on the
Brier, and do not throw up suckers. The stock is
as well suited for Teas as for H.P.'s. M. Viviand
Morel himself repeated these experiments with the
same results.

A comparative trial of Roses for forcing, budded
on the seedling Polyantha and on the seedling Brier
respectively, and in which the conditions were
identical, gave afforded following results : — Roses
budded on the Polyantha stock gave twice the
number of flowers that the same variety produced
on the Brier, and, further, they were a fortnight
earlier.

The President, in the discussion which followed,
said he had seen gardeners prune their Grape vines
till tears came into their eyes. When he was a
young Rosarian he pruned a Blairii No. 2
and the consequence was that he got no bloom
for a good many years. They must cut Roses
according to their state. He was very glad that
thi system of pegging-down had been men-
ti )i i d because he thought it was a beautiful
sy?tim, which few Rosarians adopted. He did
not know anything much more beautiful than
a well-to-do bed of pegged-down roses. Here and
there they might diversify the monotony of the
surface by putting in short standards or still higher
standards might be put in, which would give a
beautiful mass of roses. Very strong growing roses
must be selected. People were very much afraid of
transplanting, but it was a great mistake to be
afraid, and he had some roses which benefited very
much from transplanting. When he went to
Rochester he found some roses that were not fit to
be seen. He said they must be burned, but some one
said they might be put where they could not be seen.
They were moved, and were now ten times better
than they ever were. Mr. Foster-Melliar spoke
about his Teas being seriously injured and de-
stroyed by the severity of the winter. He was
one of the first to grow Teas in large quan-
tities out-of-doors, and he never lost any. The briar
in all its shapes was the best stock as a rule for
English roses.

Mr. Bertham asked what Mr. Foster-Melliar's
experience had been with regard to the pruning of
Marechal Niels out-of-doors. It was, he thought, a
most important question.

Mr. Foster-Melliar said he had mentioned that
Marechal Niel and Gloire de Dijon should have the
shoots of the year before as long as possible with the
old weak wood cut out. All his own Marechal Niels
were effectually pruned, but they went through a
32° of frost, and there was an end of them. In
answer to the President he would say that all his
Tea-roses, of which he grew over 1000, and dwarfs
were all earthed-up like l'otatos at the commence-
ment of every winter, about a foot deep. He did not
think there could possibly be a better protection
from the frost, but in spite of all that, a great many
of them were killed. He lived in a very low
situation, a circumstance very much opposed to the
satisfactory growing of Roses, Tea Roses especially,
and therefore, like an Englishman, it was the only
flower he tried to grow.

The Chairman said a great risk was of course run
in growing them out-of-doors, but if a Marechal
Niel was obtained out-of-doors in its integrity, they
would get it in its fullest grandeur.

Mr. G. Bunyaud asked for some experience with
regard to de la Grrifferaie as a stock. He mentioned
that he had some Tea Roses which went through
some winters very well, but which were killed by the
winter of I860, and he had given it up in despair.
He instanced this because others might be on the
same track and it might save them some little
trouble.

Mr. G. Paul said the fault of de la Grijferaie was
that it was one of the very earliest, and making
Roses start too soon was not an advantage. It
adapted itself to the Gloire de Dijon. It was also
used very largely for dwarf Teas, and for the Gloire
de Dijon it was a very useful stock.

A paper was next read by Mr. Paul on " Grouping
according to the variety of Roses."

The President said he was sure they were all
greatly indebted to Mr. Paul for his interesting paper
because he (the President) seemed to have gone
through the whole gallery of Roses as Mr. Paul
went from one to another, and he hoped that what

they had seen and heard that day would enrich many
gardens with some forgotten gems. The Copper
Austrian had been mentioned, and he should like to
know how to grow it, as he had often tried and had
always failed.

Mr. George Paul then read a paper on " Roses
sire? I860."

The President called upon Mr. Girdlestone and
Mr. D'Ombraine to speak, but as these gentlemen
were not present, he said the proceedings might be
adjourned till the next day.

Mr. T. B. Hall, of Larchwood, Rock Ferry, pro-
posed a vote of thanks to the Chairman. He said
he thought many of them would never have thought
of Roses had it not been for Dean Hole's book, and
many would scarcely have exhibited had it not been
for the Dean's exertions in that direction many
years ago. He had just returned from a tour round
the world, and wherever roses were known the name
of Dean Hole was known and loved.

Mr. Henry M. Arderne, Director of the Botanic
Gardens, Capetown, and holder for many years of
Champion Silver Cup for Roses, South Africa, se-
conded the motion, and spoke of the appreciation
there of Dean Hole's book.

The President heartily thanked the meeting for
the vote, but declined to take all the commendation
to himself. They met as Members of the National.
Rose Society [and of the Koyal Horticultural Soci ety
Ed.] to the working men of which they owed grati-
tude. He wished Sir. D'Ombrain had been present
that day to have accepted their thanks, but Mr.
Mawley was present and they tendered him, as a
conscientious worker, their best thanks.

The proceedings were then adjourned till the
following day.

Second Day,

Mr. J. G. Baker, F.R.S., presided and opened the
proceedings by reading a paper which, with the
others, will appear in the Journal of the Society,

Mr. Baker, who explained his paper by diagrams,
said in the course of his remarks, that Sir Trevor
Lawrence asked the Dean of Rochester the previous
evening whether the roses in the garden of Eden
were not without thorns until the misbehaviour
of Adam and Eve. The Dean shirked the question ;
but, however, unpleasant it might be to inadver-
tently get hold of a prickly shoot, botanists would
find it very difficult to classify roses without their
thorns.

Mr. Fish wanted to know if there was any hope of
getting rid of prickles in the cultivated rose.
Prickles were, of course, wanted in the natural state,
but in the cultivated state they were not at all needed.

The President said he was afraid there was no
way of getting rid of prickles.

Dr. Masters mentioned that those gardens repre-
sented Paradise yesterday, inasmuch as they had a
Dog Rose which was sent direct from Paradise —
only it happened to be from Siberia — and which had
no prickles at all. It was recommended for grafting
purposes.

Lord Penzance's paper on the hybridisation of
Roses was next read.

In this paper the writer traced the development of
Rose culture from the time when the Dutch some
seventy to eighty years ago commenced to propagate
Hoses by selection from seed. The example was
quickly followed by the French. Adverting to
times present, his lordship laments the enfeebled
constitution and the absence of perfume which
characterises many modern Roses.

He regrets also the disappearance of the Bourbon
Roses, the " Alba " Roses, and the Perpetual Damasks,

The introduction of new races is counselled, and
the means of obtaining them by hybridising and
cross-breeding pointed out. Lord Penzance prac-
tises what he preaches, and exhibited at a recent
meeting of the Society various specimens as
follows : —

Sweet Brier fertilised by the pollen of H.P. La
Souveraine. Sown November, 1883, seedling came
up in January, 1886.

Sweet Brier fertilised with H.C. William Jesse,
came up January, 1886.

Sweet Brier fertilised with pollen from H.B. Paul
Ricaut.

Sweet Brier fertilised with pollen from H.C. Wil-
liam Jesse.

Luxembourg Moss fertilised with H.P. Princess
Christian. Seed sown 18S4, came up iu February,
1885.

Dr. Masters said Lord Penzance seemed to have
completely grasped one of the most important objects
which the" promoters of the Conference had iu Yiew,

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Jdxy 6, 1889.

If gardeners and florist6 had done so much by ming-
ling two or three, or at the outside half a dozen,
species, what might they not do if they took some
of the 50 or 60 species instead of the two or three?
In the future they might get beauties which they
did not dream of at present.

Mr. Fish said, while they could not use hybrid
perpetuals as parents they often found pollen
amongst them. He did not agree with Lord Pen-
zance's remarks on the Bourbon rose, but their
perfume was rather curious and they could not be
called sweet roses.

Mr. Mawi.ey said they owed a debt to Lord Pen-
zance for his valuable paper. He did not agree with
a good deal in that paper, but it was one of those
papers which excited discussion. It was very
desirable that they should strike out into new lines,
because it would seem that they had reached the
end of their tether as regards hybrid perpetuals.

Mr. Fish said it was most important that the per-
fume of the leaves as well as of the flowers should
be thought of. If they could get back to the Sweet-
briar that end could be accomplished. The im-
provement of foliage should not be lost sight of.

Lord Penzance's gardener (Mr. Baskett) said his
lordship had been carrying out several experiments
in the direction indicated by Mr. Fish.

Mr. Baker then gave a summary of Professor
Crepin's paper, explaining his subdivisions of the
genus Rosa, which will be published in full in the
Journal of the Society. After a short historical
introduction, M. Crepin proposes his new scheme,
according to which the genus Rosa is divided
into fifteen sections, the sections being founded
on the characters afforded by the styles, the
sepals, the inflorescence, the number of leaflets
on each leaf of the flowering branches, the
stipules, the bracts, the prickles, and the general
habit. The sections proposed are — 1, Synstyhc ;
2, Stylosce ; 3, Indica ; 4, Banksia' ; 5, Gallica ;
6, Canina: ; 7, Carolina1 ; 8, Cinnamomea: ; 0, Pim-
pinellifolia: ; 10, Lutes; 11, Sericea- ; 12, Minuti-
foliae ; 13, Bracteatce ; 14, Laevigata- ; 15, Micro-
phylla>. Each of these sections is described, and the
species allotted to it mentioned. In all about sixty
species are enumerated.

New Indian Bases. — Dr. Masters showed, on behalf
of Dr. King, of Calcutta, specimens of Rosa gigantea
(see p. 13, fig. 4), and explained its 'peculiarities.
Notes were also read concerning Australian Roses
by Baron von Mueller and Mr. Patterson, of Sydney.
Sir Dietrich Brandis, K.C.I.E., said it was
gratifying to see that the group which stood second
on Mr. Baker's classification — Systylie — had stood
the test of time, that botanists had not thrust it
aside. He did not know whether that small German
Rose with tender white petals — the Rosa arvensis —
received sufficient attention. Here the Rosa arvensis
was a low trailing shrub, but in Austria and Germany
it grew np to the top of very large trees. The rose
moschata of India — the magnificent representative of
the arvensis — was a plant which had been used by
gardeners, because it had produced some very good
hybrids, its white flowers climbing the largest trees
and filling the air with a powerful scent for long
distances. In the Blue Mountains of India was to be
seen another white centred rose of the same group as
Systyla;. Then there was the Rosa alpina — a rose
without a thorn — certainly one of the ornaments of
the European Alps. Another magnificent species, and
a very strong powerful grower was the Rosa macro-
phylla which grew at a great elevation. With regard
to the Rosa Indica, it had nothing tc do with India
proper. It was a Chinese rose, and the discovery of
this rose between India and Burmah — a place which
for the last twenty years had been in a most dis-
turbed state, but which, under systematic British
rule, would become one of the most flourish-
ing countries — was exceedingly remarkable. There
were large rose gardens in Northern India.
There were fields of roses. The rose was
cultivated on a very large scale there for
the purpose of making rose perfumes and rose water
and it was a very remarkable fact, but it was probable
that these Roses were not of old cultivation in India,
but they were of comparatively recent introduction.
The Rose had no true Sanscrit name, which pointed
to the fact that Roses were introduced by the Mo-
hammedans after they had conquered India, and had
been cultivated for centuries. In India, in days
long before the Mohammedan conquest, there were
gardens, and in Sanscrit songs flowers were praised,
but the Rose was not amongst them. The first Rose
which seemed to have been cultivated on a large
scale, was the oriental damascena which was intro-
duced 'probably by the Mohammedan conquerors.

Mr. Nicholson said, with regard to the Rosa
gigantea, that seeds had germinated at Kew and that
he thought it best to treat it as an ordinary green-
house plant.

Dr. Masters then called attention to some points
in the construction of Roses and of Rosa berberidi-
folia in particular.

Sir Dietrich Brandis proposed a vote of thanks
to the President.

Sir Alex. Arbuthnot seconded the motion. He
said the Conference had been a most interesting one,
even to amateurs like himself, and he trusted that
the future of their work in the cultivation of Roses
would be eminently practical.

The vote was carried, and a vote of thanks to Dr.
Masters and Mr. Mawley having also been carried,
those gentlemen briefly responded, and the proceed-
ings of the Conference terminated.

Among the books, &c, exhibited were — from Dr.
Masters, books and plates, from which we cite the
names of the Roses described, or figured : —

William Turner, Libellus, 1538. Facsimile reprint.
(Ed. B. D. Jackson.)
In this the only two Roses mentioned are —
Cynorhodos. — Cynorhodos quantum niihi cernere

datum ut frutex cuius folia primo vere suaviter

olent quem vulgus opinoe vocat swetebrere aut

eglentyne.

Cynosbatos. — Cynosbatos latinis, a wild hep tre or

a brere tree.

John Gerahde, of London, Master in Chirurgerie.
Tfte Herbal/, 1597.

Rosa alba, R. rubra, R. proviucialis sive damas-
cena, R. p. minor, R. sine spinis, R. Hollandica sive
Batava (the great Holland Rose, commonly called
the Great Province Rose), R. moschata simplici flore,
R. m. multiplex, R. holosericea, R lutea. R. cin-
namomea pleno-flore, R. silvestris odora, R. canina
inodora, R. Pimpinella.

M. Johnson's edition, 163G. There are in addition
to the above : — Rosa moschata speciis (sic) major,
R. lutea multiplex, R. cinnamomea flore simplici,
R. silvestris odora flore duplici.

Crispinus Pass.hus, Hortus fioridus, 1614.

Rosa alba pleno flore, R. rubra, pramestina, R.
moschetta pleno-flore.

Parkinson, Parodist in Sole, $c., 1629.
(1) Rosa anglica alba, (2) R. incarnata, (3) R.
anglica rubra, (4) R. damascena, fig. 1, p. 415 ; (5)
R. provincialis sive Hollandica damascena, fig. 2,
p. 415; (6) R. p. rubra; (7) R. p. alba; (8) H.
versicolor, the party-coloured Rose of York and
Lancaster; (9) Rosea (sic) chrystallina, (10) Rosa
rubra humilis sive pumilio, fig. 4 ; (11) R. franco-
furtensis, fig. 3, p. 415; (12) R. hungarica, (13) R.
holosericea simplex et multiplex, (14) R. sine spinis
simplex et multiplex, (15) R. cinnamomea simplex
et multiplex, (16) R. lutea simplex, (17) R. 1. multi-
plex sive flore pleno, (18) R. moschata simplex et
multiplex, (19) R. m. multiplex altera alias
damascena alba vel verisimilior cinnamomea flore
pleno albo, (20) R. hispanica moschata simplex,
(21) R. pomifera major, (22) R. silvestris odora sive
Eglenteria simplex, (23) R. s. odora sive Eglanteria
flore duplici, (24) R. sempervirens.

" From the Collection of Robt. Furber, Gardener
at Kensington, 1730." — Coloured Plates by
Casteel.

May. — (1) Cinnamon Rose, (22) Yellow Austrian
Rose, (27) Red Austrian Rose.

June.— (9) Maiden's Blush Rose, (12) Blush Bel-
gick Rose, (13) The Francfort Rose, (18) Moss
Province Rose, (20) White Rose, (21) Dutch Hun-
dred-leaved Rose, (23) Rosa mundi.

August. — (19) Striped Monthly Rose.

September.— (20) White Monthly Rose.

October. — (26) Double white MuBk Rose.

A Catalogue of Trees, Shrubs, <f/c, by a Society
of Gardeners, (Ed. Philip Miller ? ) 1730.

Moss Province Rose, Double Velvet Rose, Ans-
trian Rose, Double Yellow Rose, Red Provence Rose,
Artist Van Huysum.

Hale's Compleat Body of Husbandry, plate 45 — 46,
1756.
The double red Rose ; the double Musk Rose ; the
hundred-leaved Rose ; the Prscnestine Rose.

Miller, Philip, Gardeners' Dictionary, 8th edition,
1768.

Rosa canina, R. spinosissima, R. villosa, R. eglan-
teria, R. scotica, R. inermis, R. hispanica, R. scan-
dens, R. sempervirens, R. virginiana, R. lutea, R.
punicea, R. moschata, R. centifolia, R. damascena,
R. alba, R. belgica, R. provincialis, R. incarnata, R.
gallica, R. cinnamomea, R. muscosa.

In addition to the above which Miller considered as
species, he enumerates the following garden varie-
ties : —

" The Monthly Rose, the Striped Monthly Rose,
the York and Lancaster Rose, Mrs. Hart's Rose.
These are all supposed to be varieties of the Damask
Rose.

" The Red Belgick Rose is supposed a variety of
the Blush Belgick.

" The single Velvet Rose, the double Velvet Rose,
the Royal Velvet Rose. These three are all varieties ;
the last I raised from seed of the pale Provence
Rose.

" The Childing Rose, the Marbled Rose, the double
Virgin Rose. These three have great affinity with
each other.

" The Cabbage Provence is only a variety of the
Common Provence.

" The Blush or Pale Provence is a variety of the
Red Provence.

" The White Monthly, the White Damask, afe
varieties of the Damask.

" The Frankfort Rose may be a distinct species,
but is of little value ; the flowers rarely open fair
and have no odour.

" The double Sweet Brier, the evergreen Sweet
Brier, the double blush Sweet Brier are varieties of
the common sort.

" The Austrian Rose, with red and yellow flowers,
is only an accidental variety.

" The double Yellow Rose is a variety of the
single Yellow.

" The Rosa Mundi is a variety of the Red Rose.

" The small, white and semi-double white, are
varieties of the common white."

From Mr. Laxton came a beautiful copy of
Miss Lawrance's celebrated Illustrations of Bases,
1799, which excited much attention.

Messrs. W. Paul & Son showed the ninth edition
of their Base Garden, in two sizes ; Boses in Pots,
sixth edition ; Bases and Base Culture, sixth edition ;
The Bose Annual, first and second series. Mr.
Cranston also showed his work on the Rose.

From Messrs. Byrne, photographers, Richmond,
Surrey, came a series of magnificent photos of Roses,
correctly named, representing the flowers at nine-
tenths of life-size.

M. Barbey sent a photograph of Rosa la:vigata to
show its beauty as a hardy climbing Rose.

From the Royal Gardens, Kew, came copies of
Sweert's drawings, 1620, representing the Roses of
that period.

Professor Oliver contributed a drawing, by Ehret,
of Rosa pimpinellifolia. '■

Mr. W. T. T. Dyer a similar beautiful water-colour,
by Ehret, of the spineless Rose, Rosa alpina.

Mr. Machin, Worksop, a Rose shade in the shape
of a Japanese umbrella.

LINNEAN.

On Thursday, June 20, Mr. Carruthers, F.R.S.,
President, in the chair. Messrs. A. Denny, R.
Miller Christy, and John Eraser, were elected
Fellows.

Dr. H. Trimen exhibited specimens and drawings
of the tuberculated Lime of Ceylon, and made some
interesting remarks thereon. Governor Moloney, of
the colony of Lagos, Wect Africa, exhibited an ex-
tensive collection of butterflies and moths, the result
of twelve months' collecting during the rainy season.
A few Chelonians were also exhibited, and a remark-
ably large block of resinous gum which, in the opinion
of Professor Oliver, was referable to some species of
Daniellia, and which had been found in Ijo country.
As an article of commerce it possessed the advantage
of requiring a heat of 600° Fahr. to " run " it, so as
to unite with linseed oil in the manufacture of var-
nish. In addition to these specimens, Governor
Moloney exhibited some long-bows and cross-bows
obtained from chiefs of Ibadan from some battle-
field in that neighbourhood, and used by natives
300 miles from the coast line.

A communication was read from Mr. Charles
Packe, on a remarkable case of prolonged vitality in
a Fritillary bulb.

July 6, 1889.]

TEE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

The meeting (the last of the season) was brought
to a close by a most interesting demonstration on
" Animal locomotion," by Mr. E. Mugbridge.

RICHMOND HORTICULTURAL.

June 26.— Held in the Old Deer Park, on the
above date, the summer exhibition of this Society
was an undoubted success, for the entries, especially
in Roses, were numerous, the weather brilliant
throughout, and the attendance large. The Duchess
of Teck with the Princess Victoria of Teck, paid an
early visit to the exhibition, and seemed to enjoy the
view exceedingly.

Plant Groups. — Some good collections of plants
came from Messrs. J. Laing & Son, Forest Hill, who
had good Begonias, Orchids, Liliums, &c, dressed
with Palms and Ferns ; Messrs. Puttock and Shep-
herd, of Kingston, who had a very pretty group ; Mr.
W. Gordon, of Twickenham, who put up a fine lot of
Lilies; and Mr. Chambers, of Hounslow, whose white
Viola Snowflake, made a marked feature in the group.

Decorative groups were excellent, the best being a
charming arrangement by Mr. W. Brown, of Rich-
mond. Messrs. Fromow of Chiswick, and Mr. W.
James, of Norwood, coming 2nd and 3rd.

In smaller groups Mr. Buckland, gr. to C. J.
Adkins, Esq., Twickenham, was 1st, with a very pretty
arrangement ; whilst the 2nd group from Mr. F.
Wigan, East Sheen, was chiefly composed of Orchids.

Stove and Greenhouse Plants. — These were but fairly
represented, the best six coming from Mr. Finch, gr.
to J. Marriott, Esq., Coventry, and were fresh from
Oxford of the previous day. Mr. W. James had
some fair plants ; Mr. Bates, Poulett Lodge, Twicken-
ham, being 3rd. Mr. Bates was stronger in the
local class for six plants, having some excellent
specimens.

Orchids were well shown by Mr. Henry Little, of
Twickenham, who had a superb group of Lselias,
Cattleyas, Oncidiums, Miltonias, &c. Mr. Little
was placed 1st in the class for six plants, with
very fine pieces of Cattleyas Mossia; and Men-
delii, Lselia purpurata, and Cypripediums Veitchii,
Lawrenceannm, and barbatum superbum, these
latter in large pans. Mr. W. James was placed
2nd, having the above-named Cattleyas also in
his collection. Pelargoniums, both show and
fancy, were very effective, Mr. C. Turner having the
best in both classes. |His fine half-dozen large
flowered consisted of Amethyst, Martial, Despot,
Gold Mine, Outlaw, and Marguerite. Mr. Turner
also exhibited a brilliant group of Pelargoniums in
smaller pots, as also did Mr. Little. Mr. Hibberd,
gr. to W. Clay, Esq., Kingston, who was 2nd with
six large flowered, also showed a gay group of seed-
lings. Mr. Little was the only exhibitor of Ivy-
leaved kinds, well-flowered plants.

Very finely flowered zonal Pelargoniums single and
double came from Mr. Coombs, gr. to W. Furse,
Esq., Teddington, who had Robert Bloomfield,
Atalie, Mrs. Gibson, and H. Jacoby in rich bloom.
Mr. H. Little and Mr. Barnes, gr. to W. G. Graham,
Esq., both of whom had finely flowered plants.

Ferns and Palms and foliage plants were largely
shown, but call for no comment. Begonias were not
up to the usual mark, but Gloxinias were excellent,
Messrs. White, Redless Gardens, Isleworth, and Mr.
Brooke, gr. to J. B. Hilditch, Esq., being placed 1st
and 2nd respectively in a class for nine plants, and
in a duplicate class Mr. Coombs and Mr. Waite, gr.
to the Honble. Col. Talbot, Esher, were the prize
takers, all having fine flowered plants.

Cut Flowers. — Roses were the great feature of the
show, no fewer than six of the trade growers compet-
ing in the open classes for thirty-six and twenty-four
trebles. In both classes the chief honours fell to the
Cants of Colchester, the hot weather having suited
their flowers admirably. Mr. B. M. Cant was 1st in
the thirty-six class ; Messrs. Paul & Son being 2nd ;
and Mr. F. Cant, 3rd. In the twenty-four class Mr.
F. Cant came 1st ; Mr. B. M. Cant, 2nd ; and Messrs.
Paul & Sons, 3rd. All the flowers were unusually
fine and early; Her Majesty, A. K. Williams, Dr
Andry, Duke of Edinburgh, Marie Baumann'
Madame Cusin, Marshall Wilder, J. Elise Vardon,
Niphetos, Madame A. Laivaille. Mrs. John Laing,
Marie Rady, The Bride, La France, Sunset, &c,
being very beautiful.

In the amateur classes for twenty-four and twelve
singles, the Rev. J. W. Pemberton, Havering, Essex,
was 1st in both ; Mr. H. E. West, of Reigate, being
2nd in each case.

Messrs. Veitch & Sons showed a fine collection of
flowers, having Her Majesty in exceedingly good

form. Messrs. H. Turner, G. Bunyard, and W.
Rumsey also exhibited largely.

Table Decorations, Bouquets, Baskets, $c, were all
largely represented, and were as usual very attractive.
Messrs. Barr & Sons, and Messrs. Collins and Gabriel
showed hardy flowers very largely.

Fruit was abundant, and fairly good. Mr. Cake-
bread, gr. to Sir P. Rose, Rayners Park, Bucks, had
the best six dishes, showing Grapes, black and white,
fine grosse Mignonne Peaches, Elruge Nectarines, &c.
Mr. Osman, gr. to L. J. Baker, Ottershaw Park, was
2nd. In a class for three bunches of black Grapes,
Mr. Osman was 1st with good Hamburghs ; Mr.
Thompson, gr. to Messrs. W. and E. Wells,
Hounslow, coming 2nd with good Madresfield
Court. Mr. Osman had the best whites in greenish
Muscat of Alexandria.

Mr. Bates was 1st with very good Hamburghs in
a local class for black varieties. Mr. Munro, Cam-
bridge House Gardens, Twickenham, had the best
whites in Buckland's Sweetwater. Peaches, Straw-
berries, &c, were very good.

In the vegetable classes, Mr. Waite took 1st place
in an open collection for twelve kinds, also in a
class for nine dishes, prizes offered by Messrs. Jas.
Carter & Co. ; and also for a large collection for
prizes given by the Native Guano Company. Mr.
Garrod, gr. to J. M. Tindall, Esq., and Mr. White
also took prizes in these classes.

WINCHESTER HORTICULTURAL.

June 27. — This Society held the eighty-fourth of
its annual exhibitions in the Guildhall ; and although
the schedule indicated a show of a general character,
it practically resolved itself into a Rose show — and a
very good one too. Exhibitors came from distant
and widely separated places. Messrs. Harkness,
nurserymen, Bedale, were repaid their long journey,
by taking leading honours in the largest class
(forty-eight), and for excellent fresh blooms. The
best were Ulrich Brunner, Madame J. Desbois, an
excellent early flowering pale pink variety ; Alfred
Dumesnil, Monsieur Noman, A. K. Williams, Con-
stantin Tretiakoff, Marie Baumann, and Crown
Prince ; 2nd, Mr. F. Cant, Colchester, with blooms
smaller, although fresh and full. Three competed.

For twenty-four, distinct, triplets, there were four
entries. Here Mr. F. Cant was 1st, with blooms of
good form and very fresh ; Messrs. Cooling & Son,
Bath, secured 2nd place with excellent flowers.

The class for eighteen Teas, distinct, produced a
fine display of handsome blooms, many being of ex-
ceptional good quality. Mr. F. Cant, 1st, with a
capital lot of blooms ; very fine were Madame
Watteville, Niphetos, Madame Cusin, Souvenir
d'Elise, Innocente Pirola, Primrose Dame, Miss
Ethel Brownlow, a finely formed variety, deep pink
in colour. Mr. R. B. Cant was 2nd, with blooms
that were smaller and thinner.

Mr. F. Cant was again successful in the class for
three blooms of Teas or Noisettes ; he was followed
by Mr. B. Cant.

The class for a dozen blooms of any one dark
variety was productive of nothing special in the
way of high quality. Ulrich Brunner, highly
coloured, although small, was the best, coming from
Mr. B. Cant.

The same number of blooms of one light variety
produced better quality. Messrs. Keynes, Williams
& Co., Salisbury, took the 1st prize, with good
blooms of Lady M. Fitzwilliam ; Messrs. Cooling,
2nd, bad Mrs. Laing in good condition.

Mr. F. Cant enriched the show with two splendid
boxes of twelve Tea Rose blooms of Madame Watte-
ville, which were in grand condition.

The twenty-four single blooms class was pro-
ductive of severe competition, resulting in Messrs.
Keynes being 1st, with a level lot of flowers ;
Messrs. Cooling 2nd, with blooms that were a trifle
smaller than those in the winning stand.

The following classes were confined to amateurs
for twenty-four distinct single trusses. There were
six competitors — 1st, Mr. A. Slaughter, Jarvis Villa,
Steyning, with large, richly coloured blooms, Ulrich
Brunner again showing in good form, while the
remainder were mainly duplicates of flowers before
named. Mr. G. Campbell, gr. to S. P. Budd, Esq.,
Gay Street, Bath, was 2nd, and showed well.

In the next class— that for twelve distinct trebles,
Mr. Campbell took 1st prize, with a good lot ; and
was closely followed by the Rev. A. Foster Melliar,
Sproughton Rectory, Ipswich.

For twelve distinct, single blooms of Teas or
Noisettes, there were seven competitors, but by far

the best blooms were those from the garden of the
Rev. A. Foster, Melliar ; Souvenir d'Elise, La Boule
d'Or, The Bride, Princess of Wales, and Countess
de Nadaillac, call for special mention. 2nd, the
Rev. F. R. Burnside, Much Birch Vicarage, Herts.

The Rev. F. R. Burnside was the most suc-
cessful in the class for six trebles of Teas or
Noisettes ; while for twelve distinct single blooms of
any section, 1st, J. T. Strange, Esq., Aldermaston,
Berks — his blooms of ManSchal Niel were very fine ;
2nd, P. P. C. Burnand, Esq., of May Park, Reigate,
Surrey.

The Silver Medals of the National Rose Society
for the best hybrid perpetual, and the best Tea or
Noisette, were awarded to Mr. Slaughter for H.P.
Marie Rady — a flower in good form ; and to the Rev.
A. Foster Melliar — in the latter for a magnificent
bloom of Souvenir d'Elise.

The miscellaneous classes contained some meri-
torious exhibits. Mr. Budd, gr. to F. Dalgety, Esq.,
Lockerby Hall, Romsey, staged a box of stove and
greenhouse cut blooms ; and Mr. Neville, gr. to
F. W. Flight, Esq., Twyford, had an equally good
one of cut flowers of hardy plants.

Fruit and vegetables in small quantities were
shown.

THE SCOTTISH PANSY.

The forty-fifth annual show of this Society was
held in Dowell's Rooms, George Street, Edinburgh,
on the 21st ult. So many first-class Pansies, it was
the opinion of the older members present, had rarely
been brought together previously. The entries
numbered about 270, and the competition was con-
fined exclusively to Scotch growers, the open
classes bringing no southern growers forward.

For the best twenty-four show blooms Mr. John
Sutherland was placed first, with a fine equal lot,
containing Dr. Inch, Jessie Foote, Mr. Gladstone,
A. Rowland, Alex. Black, Royal Visit, Bella Watt,
F. C. Gordon, and Miss Jeanie Wood as very superior
flowers; Mr. Andrew Irvine, Tighnabruaich, was
placed 2nd, with a less meritorious stand. Messrs.
Paul & Co., Bridge of Weir, had an excellent
lot of flowers, [among them W. Dean, a promising
seedling.

The 1st prize for the best twenty-four fancy
varieties went to Mr. J. Sutherland, some of the most
remarkable flowers being Agnes, W. Scott, Alex.
OUar, Neil Leitch, Pilrig, Neil McKay, Kate
McArthur, and Mrs. J. Wyllie ; Mr. Irvine took the
2nd position ; and Mr. Lister, nurseryman, Rothesay,
was placed 3rd, with a stand which it was generally
conceded was second to none of its class in the room,
a point that was confirmed by the judges appointed to
award the special prizes, who gave it the place of
honour as the " best lot of twenty-four fancies " in
the show. The whole of the twenty-four were worth
being recorded, and were : Donald, Morrison, Wm.
McKay, Maggie A. Scott, Andrew Gray, Miss Hen-
derson, Mrs. Goodwin, Mrs. John Downie, Archie
Buchan, Mrs. Browell, Mrs. Freeland, Lord Bute.
George Cromb, Neil McKay, Mrs. John Ellis, John
James Ashton, Miss French, Robert Jamieson,
Princess Beatrice, John Bryce, Lady of Gartshore,
Neil Gillies, and Mrs. Aitkinson, a seedling not yet in
commerce, which received a first-class certificate
at Glasgow, in 1888 ; a beautiful yellow ground, with
the margin of the petals broadly pencilled and
shaded with deep carnation-purple ; blotches of a
deep dark shade of maroon : also Lord Hamilton,
a flower that was exhibited for the first time, and
awarded the Society's First-class Certificate as the
best fancy seedling. It is of perfect form, great
size, and substance ; the blotches are deep mul-
berry on a bronze ground, the margin pale mauve,
suffused with lavender— a novel combination.

For twenty-four bunches bedding Violas, Messrs.
R. P. Laird & Sons, Edinburgh, were placed 1st,
the most striking varieties being Archie Grant,
Countess of Kintore, Mrs. Baxter, Duke of Albany,
and Lord Elcho. Messrs. Dicksons & Co. were 2nd.

The best eighteen show varieties from gardeners
were put up by Mr. Borrowman, of Beesluck, to
whom the Silver Medal was awarded, and who took
the lead in all the other Pansy classes set apart for
practical gardeners. Mr. George Mark, Craig-
biuning, and Mr. Stewart Lenzie divided 2nd and
3rd honours between them.

Mr. Mark was 1st with bunches of Violas set up
in a novel way in hollow tubes about a quarter of an
inch in diameter, designed to represent a many
branched flat candelabra.

Amatenrs were in great force. Mr. G. Ross,
Lawrencekirk, carried off the Silver Medal for the

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 6, 1889.

best eighteen show blooms ; and Mr. Russel, Bishop-
briggs, the like honour for eighteen fancy flowers.

The classes open to gardeners and amateurs
brought a very large number of entries with keen
competition all round. The best twelve show and
twelve fancy blooms were staged by Mr. Frazer,
Linlithgow — some of the best flowers in his stand
were Miss Campbell, yellow self, to which was
awarded a special prize, as being the best of its class
in the show ; and also to Royal Visit, as being the
best of its class ; Alex. Black, Princess Beatrice,
and Mrs. G. P. Frame, were also very fine.
But the most notable bloom in the stand was
Alex. Smith, fancy bronze, a seedling raised by the
exhibitor, to which was awarded a first-class
certificate.

First-class certificates were also awarded to a
seedling fancy named Win. Ross, raised by Mr. Geo.
Mark ; and to Messrs. Laird & Son, for fancy, Mrs.
Robert Laird.

The " ladies' prizes," which always form a pleasing
feature of these shows, and consist of floral decora-
tions in which Violas and Pansies form the colouring
materials, were this year in very good taste. The
1st prize for the best arranged table glass went to
Miss du Plessis, Berlin ; Miss Greive, Pilrig, being
an excellent 2nd. Miss Elfie Welsh, Liberton, took
1st honours for six small table glasses, most taste-
fully arranged ; Mrs. Robert Laird being 2nd.

The President's prize — a Gold Medal — to the
competitor who took the greatest number of prizes,
was awarded to Mr. Borrowman.

Messrs. Laird & Sons exhibited a fine collection of
varieties of Pyrethrum roseum, and Mr. Campbell,
of High Blantyre, a collection of blooms of Carna-
tions and Picotees, which, in regard to size, sub-
stance, and purity of colours, were very favourably
commented upon.

Forestry.

The exceptionally dry and warm weather which
has prevailed throughout the North of Scotland, and
other parts of the country during the month of June,
has been the preservation of an immense swarm of in-
sects, which are devastating here many of our best
forest trees, shrubs, and other plants. This is a pheno-
menon of rare occurrence and serious import, and it
is hoped that the effects may be of a more local than
general character. From the time the drought
began to be seriously felt, which was about the middle
of the month of June, insects, especially those of
the aphis tribe, began to appear upon the Birch,
Wych Elm, Sycamore, and several other forest trees,
and shrubs. Honeydew followed the heavy attack
of aphides, and so badly affected are the trees, that
the leaves are falling, especially those of the Birch
and Sycamore, and to all present appearances every
leaf will soon have fallen off. The fallen Birch
leaves are thickly covered with honeydew, and the
skins of dead aphides. On the underside of the leaves,
too, are many bodies of the insects, and also some
very small live ones. The insects are so numerous
that the wild birds and the poultry are attracted to the
places where they abound. The fallen leaves of the
Birch trees are not curled like those of the Beech,
Plum, Rose, &c, but are quite flat and natural
in appearance. On examination with the micro-
scope, however, they are found to be quite covered
with black spots, and the underside of the leaf is
cracked and dry. Many leaves are also falling
off the common Sycamore trees, which present
much the same appearance as those of the Birch,
and these are also thickly covered with honeydew
on the upper side, and with aphis mostly dead. The
Wych Elm is also affected in the same manner as
the Sycamore, and the leaves falling in a shrivelled
and curled form beneath all the trees thus afflicted
with the insects and gum ; the stones, grass, and
other herbage are literally covered with the sticky
substance, which makes them black and loath-
some to touch or even look upon. Some plots of
Willows in the nursery are also infested with
an aphis of a dark but variable description.
Some have white streaks upon them, some are, red-
dish, some green, others brown, but most of them
are nearly black. I first observed theto On Saturday

last, and this day (Monday), July 1, on examining
them again, I observed little or no difference in their
appearance. The leaves adjacent to them (for they
are in clusters near the top of the shoots) are covered
with the usual gum. The stems do not yet appear
to be injured, which leads to the inference that the
aphis is but of recent appearance.

On Willow rods here and there, about a foot from
the top, the bark appears as if it had been gnawed
off by some insect, but no insects were observed. If
the trees were exotics that are thus injured we
might conclude that it was due to that fact, but when
it is seen that our native trees, the Birch, Wych
Elm, and Sycamore are infested, we are forced to
assign some other cause. The subject matter is not
very clear as to whether the gum is caused by the
insect simply bleeding the leaf and letting the juice
flow forth from its veins, and covering the upper
surface of the leaf. [Honeydew is the excrement of
aphides. Ed.] It is also observable that honeydew
and insects are most abundant on the south side of
the tree, and the former is most copious in a hot
day preceded by a cold or chilly night.

The Beech and especially the Beech hedges are
unusually affected. The Beech aphis is white and
downy, and the leaf when sucked by them curls up,
withers, and prematurely falls off. This is no un-
common circumstance with the Beech in ordinary
dry season, but this seasons it is exceptionally bad.
I have only instanced a few of the forest trees most
seriously affected, but there are many others less or
more injured, indeed nearly all the foliage of every
deciduous tree in the forest is gummed, and com-
paratively few are altogether clear of the aphis. A
month ago, scarcely a tree leaf was injured, and all
bidding fair for a good and prosperous forest growth ;
while to-day a perfect leaf is the exception, and
what will be the state of things a month hence it
is not safe to predict.

Any of your readers who can throw any light upon
this all-important subject of gumming, will confer no
small favour upon the writer, and doubtless many
others. C. Y. Mialiie, Cullen House, Banffshire, July
1, 1889.

Variorum.

PLA.NTS IN FLOWER AT KEW.

Lin cm ARBOBEUM and L. FLAvrJM. — In spite of the
fleeting character of their flowers, one or other of
the above species is rarely missing in good col-
lections of hardy flowers — a distinction richly de-
served, as they are amongst the most beautiful and
floriferous of our summer plants. L. arboreum, Bot.
Mag., t. 1794, a native of Crete, we have long consi-
dered one of the very best shrubs we possess for
rockeries, &c. ; planted in a crumbling artificial or
imitation wall, it flowers with a profuseness we have
rarely seen equalled. Unfortunately it is not proof
against our very severe winters, or else it is a short-
lived plant, as we have to renew it every few years.
This, however, is so easily done from cuttings, which
may be rooted in a cold frame, and which grow with
so much vigour as to be preferred to the old
twiggy plants formed in the course of a year or two.
As a cool house pot-plant, where it can get plenty
of sun, it answers admirably, its numerous pale
yellow flowers succeeding each other daily from
early spring to late summer.

L. flavum, or, as we usually get it in the trade,
L. luteum, is a herbaceous perennial of equal merit
with the above as regards flowering. It was intro-
duced about 1793 from Central Europe, and is now
a fairly common plant, and still amongst the
choicest of our rockery subjects. The suffruticose
stems are herbaceous, dying down in winter, and
consequently less liable to hurt by frost. The
flowers are a trifle larger and darker than the above ;
the leaves dark green, and not glaucous. This is often
confounded with the nearly allied L. campanulatum,
a native of Italy, which we have not yet seen alive.
L. perenne, the pretty white L. monogynum from
New Zealand, Narbonense, and a host of others, are
all equally beautiful, and worth including in every
gtfdd collection. D.

Emigrants' Information Office.— We are

requested to give publicity to the following notice
concerning emigration : — "This quarter's circulars,
relating to Canada, the Australasian and South'
African Colonies, have just been issued, and the only
change since the April circular in the grant of pas-
sages is in the case of Natal, which now grants
assisted passages to nominated emigrants. Queens-
land is the principal colony which gives assistance
to emigrants, but limits it to the classes of single
female servants and selected unmarried agricultural
labourers. This quarter is very suitable for going to
Australia or South Africa, but emigrants, except
female servants, should not go to Canada much after
July, unless going to friends. Farmers with capital,
and female servants, will find openings in all the
colonies ; agricultural labourers in Canada (till the
middle of August only), New South Wales, Victoria,
a,nd some districts of New Zealand ; and to a less
degree in Queensland, Western Australia, and Tas-
mania ; .general labourers and navvies in parts of
Canada, for the next few weeks only ; railway
navvies in Natal ; and miners in parts of Canada
and New Zealand. Owing to the continued rush to
the gold-fields of the South African Republic, tHere
is now some demand in Cape Colony and Natal for
mechanics generally, but mainly for men in the
building trades, blacksmiths, wagon-makers, &c. ;
there is also some demand at present for mechanics
in a few districts of Canada. Men with families are
warned against emigrating to the Argentine Republic
at the present time. The circulars may be obtained,
free of cost, from the office, 31, Broadway, West-
minster, S.W. ; and ten separate handbooks, one for
each colony, and each containing a map, and a pro-
fessional handbook, at Id. each, post free, or, the
eleven bound together, at Is. 6d. The 1889 editions
are now all ready."

Malformations in Orchids— Our excellent

confrere, M. Rodigas, once expressed the opinion
that anomalous Orchids are rare, and now after long
experience, repeats his opinion in the Illustration
Horticde. Our experience is widely different — a very
large number have passed through our hands. Our
notes and rough sketches of such productions are
very numerous, even although a considerable number
were lent to Professor Reichenbach. Who will be
able to decipher these rude memoranda a quarter of
a century hence ?

The Weather.

THE PAST WEEK.

The following summary record of the weather for
the week ending July 1, is furnished from the
Meteorological Office : —

" The weather has remained fair and very dry over
by far the larger portion of the United Kingdom,
but slight showers have fallen at some of our extreme
northern and north-western stations. Thunderstorms
occurred in some parts of England on the 28th
and 29th.

" The temperature has been from 1° to 3° above
the mean in all districts, excepting ' Ireland, N.,'
where it has been about equal to the normal. The
highest readings were recorded, as a rule, either on
the 26th and 27th, when the thermometer rose to
between 74° and 80° in Ireland and Scotland, and
to a little above 80° in most of the English districts.
The lowest readings, which were observed on
irregular dates, varied from 40° in ' Scotland, E.,' to
46° in ' England, E.,' and ' England, S.,' and to 52°
in the Channel Islands.

" Rainfa!lha.$ again been considerably less than the
mean in all parts of the country. At a large
majority of our stations the week has been absolutely
rainless.

" Bright sunshine has been less prevalent than it was
last week, exepting over the central, southern, and
eastern parts of England, where an excess is shown.
The peTceiitage of the possible amount of duration

July 6, 1889.J

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

has varied from only 20 in ' Scotland, N.,' to 61 in
* England, E.,' and ' England, S.,' and to as much as
79 in the Channel Islands.

Plants in Pots.— Average Wholesale Peioes.

[By the term "accumulated temperature" is meaut a figure
representing the aggregate amount, as well as the dura-
tion, of the excess or defect of temperature above or below
42° Fahr. for the period named; and this combined result
is explained in Day-degrees— a " Day-degree " signifying
1° continued for twenty-fnur hours, or any other number
of degrees for an inversely proportional number of hours.]

Temperature.

Rainfall.

Bright
Sun.

ja be

-^ a

Accumulated.

3 -

1 a

•^ to

u
o

43
& .

S 8

a © fl m
jj a .go

5.92 3.5 «

o
^o

5?oo

d
3

rz o

o oo

°£4

• s
Is

o-3

• as

O t.

'53

V o

5 a
p. 2

o+j
o

o ©
v o
sea
« -J

a a

O •"

Day-

Dav-

Day-

lOths

In.

deg.

Inch.

2 +

+ 211

+ 4

4 —

122

19.0

3 +

118

+ 122

+ 5

6 —

10.6

2 +

129

+ 85

+ 6

5 —

9.9

1 +

137

+ 49 + 112

5 —

11.1

2 +

143

+ 69!+ 60

5 —

14.0

3 +

151

+ 84 + 75

5 —

10.8

2 +

118

+ 1301— 23

7 —

101

1S.4

1 +

121

+ 98- 1

7 -

13.0

1 +

129

+ 20+ 88

7 -

15.2

0 iv.

113

+ 78— 53

7 —

111

16.0

1 +

123

+ 50— 14

6 —

101

16.3

l->

2 +

137

+ 80— 16

5 —

12.1

The districts indicated by number in the first column are
the following : —

Principal Wlteat-producing Districts — 1, Scotland, N. ;
2, Scotland, E. ; 3, England, N.E. ; 4, England, E. ;
5, Midland Counties ; 6, England, S.
Principal Grazing, Sjc, Districts— 7, Scotland, W. ; 8,
England, N.W.; 9, England. S.W. ; 10, Ireland, N. ;
11, Ireland, S. ; 12, Channel Islands.

Markets.

* COVENT GARDEN, July 4.

[We canuot accept any editorial responsibility for the subjoined
reports, which, however, are furnished to us regularly
every Thursday, by the kindness of several of the principal
salesmen, who revise the list, and who are responsible for the
quotations. It must be remembered that these quotations
represent averages for the week preceding the date of our
report. The prices depend upon the quality of the samples,
the supply in the market, and they fluctuate, not only
from day to day, but often several times in one day, and
therefore the prices quoted as averages for the past week
must not be taken as indicating the particular prices at
any particular date, and still less can they be taken as
guides to the prices in the coming week. Ed.]

Trade continues brisk, at last week's quotations,
James Webber, Wholesale Apple Market.

Fbu it.— Average Wholesale Prices.

x. d. s. d.

Lemous, per c ise ...12 0- 21 0
Peaches, perdDz. ... 6 0-18 0
Pine-apples, Eng. ,1b. 16-20
— St. Michael, each 2 0-60
Strawberries, per lb. 0 2-09

t.d.

s.d.

Cherries,

j-sicve .

. S 0-

8 0

Currants,

Blaik,

— Red,

g-sieve

... 3 6-

4 0

Goosoberr

ies,'4-sie\

e3 0-

3 6

Grapes, per lb. ...

1 t-

3 0

Vegetables.— Average Retail Prices.

t. d. t, d.

Asparagus, English,

per 1U0 8 0- ...

— French, bundle 2 0-80
Beans, Jersey French,

per lb 2 6- ...

Biet, red, per dozen 10-20
Carrots, per bunch... 0 6- ...
Cauliflowers, each ... 0 6- ...
Celery, per bundle ...16-2 0
Cucumbers, each ...06-00
Endive, per dozen ... 2 6- ...
Greeu Mint, bunch ,. . 0 4- ...
Herbs, per bunch ... 0 4- ...
L;eka, per bunch ... 0 3- ...

t.
Lettuce, per dozen.,, 1
Mushrooms, punnet 1
Mustard and Cress,

punnet 0

Onions, per bunch ... 0
Parsley, per lb. ... 0
Peas, French, per at. 2
Potatos, new Jsv., lb. 0
0
0
2

robavus, new ony,

Rhubarb, bundle
Shallots, per lb.
Spinach , per bushel . .
Tomatos, per lb. ..
Turnips, per bunch
new

d.i.d.
6- ...
6- ...

5- ...

6- ...
6- ...
3- ...
6- ...

6- ...

2 0- ...
1 0- ...

Potatos.— The mirketfo: old Potatos is now virtually over,
a few best Magnums only inquired for. Supply of new
Potatos not quite so heavy, and prices for sound samples
rule firm at bs. &d. to 6s. <6d. fsr Kidneys and Flukes,
Round-* 4.». to 4s. Qd. Home grown selling, at _ 8s, to 9s.
Kidnfcjfc, auu 5a. to 7s. for Ueau.ies. /. S. Thx> nas.

Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6
Arum Lilies, p. doz. 6
Begonias, dozeu ... 4
Cactus, per dozen... 9
Calceolarias, dozen 4
Crassula, per dozenl2
Cyperus, per dozen . 4
Draceena terminalis,

per dozen 30

— viridis, per doz. 12
Erica, various, doz.12
Euonymus, in var.,

per dozen 6

Evergreens, in var.,

per dozen 6

Ferns, in var., doz. 4
Foliage plants, vari-
ous, each 2

d. s.d.

0-18 0

0-12 0

0-18 0

0-9 0

0-30 0

0-12 0

0-60 0

0-24 0

0-30 0

0-18 0

0-24 0

0-18 0

0-10 0

s.d. s.d.
Fieua elastica. each .16-70
Fuchsias, dozen ... 3*0- 8 0
Hydrangea, per doz. 9 0-18 0
paniculata, p. doz.24 0-36 0

Lobelias, dozen
Marguerites, doz
Mignonette, doz.
Musk, dozen
Nasturtiums, doz.
Palms in var.
Pelargoniums,
dozen

3 0-50
6 0-12 0
3 0-60

2 0-40

3 0-50
each 2 6-21 0

per

6 0-15 0

Ivy-Leafed, doz. 3 0-40
— scarlet, doz. ... 2 6-60
Rhodanthe, per doz. 4 0-60
Roses, H.P., doz. ...12 0-24 0

Spirsea, doz 9 0-15 0

Stocks, dozeu ... 4 0-60

Bedding Plants in variety from Is. per doz.
Is. Gd. to 2s. 6d.

per box,

Cut Flowers,

Abutilons, 12 bun. ...
ArumLilies,12blooms
Bouvardias, per bun.
Cactus blooms, doz.
Carnations, 12 bun.

— 12 blooms
Cornflowers, 12 bun.
Delphinium, 12 bun.
Eucharis, per dozen
Gardenias, 12 blooms
Gladioli, 12 bun. ...
Heliotropes, 12 spr.
Iris, 12 bunches
Lilac, white Fr.,bun.
Lilium, vari., 12 bis.

— candidum, bun.

— 12 blooms
Maiden Hair Fern,

12 bun

— Ay eras:
s.d. s. d.
2 0-40

2 0-40
0 6-09
16-20

3 0-60
10-30
10-40
3 0-60

3 0-60

2 0-40

4 0-12 0
0 6-10
4 0-12 0

3 0-50
10-5-0
10-20
0 6-10

4 0-90

e Wholesale Pric

Marguerites, 12 bun.
Mignonette, 12 bun.
Pansies, 12 bun.
Pelargoniums, 12 spr.

— scarlet, 12 spr....
Primulas, dbl.. 12 Bp.
Rhodanthe, 12 bun.
Roses, Tea, per doz.

— coloured, dozen.

— red, perdozen ...

— Safrano, dozen...

— Moss, 12 bun. ...
Pinks (var.), 12 bun.
Spirsea, 12 bun.
Stephanotis, 12 spr.
SweetSultan,12bun.
Sweet Peas, 12 bun.
Tuberoses, 12 blms....

ES.

s. d. s. d.

3 0-60
2 0-40
10-30
0 6-10
0 3-06
0 9-10

4 0-60
0 6-30
2 0-40
0 4-10
0 6-10
6 0-12 0
2 0-40
4 0-80
2 0-40
4 0-60
2 0-60
0 6-10

Orchid bloom in variety, fairly good supply.

SEEDS.

London : July 3. — Messrs. John Shaw & Sons,
seed merchants, of 37, Mark. Lane, E.C., write that
the seed market to-day was almost a blank. Some
samples of this year'? White Clover seed have been
shown. The inquiry for new Trifolium is small.
Rape and Mustard seed keep steady. Blue Peas sell
at full rates. Other articles at this dull season offer
no subject for remark.

CORN.

Averages. — Official statement showing the average
price of British corn, imperial measure, in the
week ended June 29 :— Wheat, 27a. 1W.J Barley,
19s. lid. ; Oats, 18s. lid. For the corresponding
week in 1888 :— Wheat, 31s. U. ; Barley, 2.3s. Sd. ;
Oats, 17s. Sd.

FBUITS AND VEGETABLES.

Spitalfields: July 3. — Peas, 2s. Gd. to 3s. Gd. per
bushel ; do., 4s. Gd. to 5s. Gd. per sack ; Broad Beans,
2s. to 2s. Gd. per bushel ; Cabbages, 3s. Gd. to 5s. Gd.
per tally; Radishes, 4s. to 6s. do.; Spinach, Is. per
bushel ; Greens Is. to Is. Gd. per dozen bunches ;
Turnips, 2s. Gd. to 3s. Gd. do. ; Carrots, 2s. Gd. to
3s. 6c/. do. ; Rhubarb, Is. to Is. Gd. do. ; spring Onions,
3s. Gd. to 4s. Gd. do.; Seakale, Is. to Is. 3d. per
punnet ; Asparagus, Is. to Is. 6<J. per bundle ;
Parsley, Is. to Is. Gd. do. ; Mint, Is. to Is. 'M. do. ;
Cos Lettuce, KM. to Is. Gd. per score of 22 ; Beetroots,
Is. to Is. Gd. per dozen ; frame Cucumbers, 2s. to 4s.
per dozen ; natural do, 6d. to Is. per do. ; Endive,
Is. to Is. Gd. do. ; Mustard and Cress, Is. to Is. Gd.
per dozen baskets ; Mangels, 18s. to 19s. per ton. ;
Black Currants, 4s. to 6s. per half sieve ; Red
Currants 3s. 9i. to 5s. Gd. per do. ; Strawberries,
2s. to 3s. per peck ; foreign Tomatos, Is. to 2s. per
box.

POTATOS.

Spualfields: July 3.— Quotations :— New: St.
Malo kidneys, 4s. Gd. ; Cherbourg rounds, 3s. Gd. to
4s. Gd. ■. do., kidneys, os. to 6i. , do., flukes, 5s. to 6s. ,
Jersey flukes, os. Gd. to 6s. Gd. ; do., rounds, 4s. to
4s. Gd. ; do., kidneys, 5.'. to 6s.; St. Malo rounds,
4s. per cwt.

HAY.

Averages.— The following are the averages of the
prices obtained at the various metropolitan markets
during the past week :— Prime old Clover, 120s.
to Ills.; new, 85s. to 110s.; inferior, 45s. to 75s.;
best hay, 78s. to 112s. ; inferior, 20». to 50s. ; straw,
old, 40s. to 46s. ; do. new, 24j. to 40s. per load.

Notices to Correspondents.

Carnations ; W. B. Of no particular merit.

Common Strawberry in London : S. C. There are
several which answer your description. Sir Joseph
Paxton, Vicomtesse Hericart de Thury, Keen's
Seedling.

Echeveria : JC. G. Singular instance of fasciatioa.

Insects : J. W. M. The insect sent is the common
cocous, or scale of the Vine. The white, downy
matter is full of eggs, and must be carefully scraped
off and burnt, and the stem washed with soap-suds
mixed with a little methylated spirit. /. O. W.

Names of Plants : A. D. tf Sons. Lonicera involu-
crata (L. Ledebourii). — G. Pressly. 1, Erigerou
philadelphicum ; 2, Sedum roseum ; 3, Campanula
alpina ; 4, Gladiolus ramosus. The specimen in
the other box is Achillea macrophylla. — L. D.
Physianthus albeus. — Stainsbi/. A variety of Iris
xiphion. — Parker cf Sons. — Abelia triflora pro-
bably; you should send flowers. — C. B. Lastrtea
spinulosa ; 2, Next week ; 3, Lithospermum pros-
tratum ; B. S. 1, 2, 3, 4, Iris ; 5, Staphylea pin-
nata ; 6, Echium vulgare. — An Old Subscriber.
Stachys grandiflora and Silene armeria. — An Old
Subscriber. — Lathyrus roseus. — H. J. Boss. Orni-
thogalum lacteum. — T. C. Ashby. 1, Glyceiia
rigida ; 2, Aira caryophyllea ; 3, Poa nemoralis ;
4 and 5, Bromus mollis ; 6, Poa pratensis. —
C. W. D. 1, Inula glandulosa ; 2 and 3, I.
grandiflora. — W. 1, Heuchera glabra var.; 2.
H. micrantha ; 3, Campanula punctata ; Armeria
plantagiuea. — J. IV. 0. 1, Bunias orientalis ;

2, send again when in fruit ; 3, Astraga-
lus galegiformis ; 4, Crucianella stylosa. — T.
Webb. 1, Sambucus nigra ; 2, Asperula odorata ;

3, Euonymus japonicus. — Vox. 1, Siphocampylus
glandulosus ; 2, Selagianella viticulosa. — Camjee.
The Crinum is longifolium ; Odontoglossum
odoratum ; Cattleya Mendelii ; Hedychium, pro-
bably ; send when in flower, not the ginger of com-
merce ; Hippeastrum, common form ; Thalict-
rum flavum. No Balm of Gilead in the box. —

* W. P., Eppinq, Phytolacca decandra. — J. A. C.
Border plant ; Aconitum lycoctonum (poison),
the pods are those of Piptanthus nepalensis. —
J. M. G. Streptocarpus Rexii ; 2, Kalmia augus-
tifolia ; 3, Gaultheria shallon.

Ouyiranda fenestralis : C. H. W. This plant is
obtainable at Messrs. Veitch & Sons, Exotic
Nursery, Chelsea.

Plants for Prize: A. P. No. 1 list of plants is
better than No. 2, containing as it does the greater
number of diverse species. We think if you show
an aquatic it may lead to your being disqualified
by the judges. Substitute TropKolum polyphyllum
for this one.

Pelargonidm : J. G. cj Co. Bright, and would, no
no doubt, make a good market variety.

Rose Shoots : Old Subscriber. Gnawed probably by
small slugs, or by weevils. Can you not send us
specimens ?

Strawberries : J. Van Vblxsen. Can you catch any
of the insects, and send them over to us ?

Strawberry : F. F. Why do you 6end Strawberries
in a slender pasteboard box ? The box itself was
smashed and the contents reduced to a pulp on
arrival at our office, so of course, we were unable
to name the fruits.

The Large Aroid : J. J. No ; your informant, the
lecturer, was misinformed. The plant in question
is not Rafflesia Arnoldi! The lecturer 6bould
have studied his Chronicle before he ventured
to address his audience.

Vines : O. Some of the leaves sent show signs of
bavin" been infested with red spider, and others of
the insufficient nature of the ventilation afforded.

Communications Received.— O. Andersen.- W. K. (shortly).
T J Seidel.— Little & BilUntyne.— P. L.S.-J. S. (in a day
or two) —J H.M.— G. C— W. S. (thanks for report, but it
must wait till next week.-T. B. W.-T. H.-\V^T. D.-A.
C. B.-W. G. S.-J. J. W.-B. D.-C. J. B -I. O. W.—V
H _F O. Heinemann (see our Almanac for 18SS>). — H. A. B.
— Q H. 8.— Ewing & Co.— G. S. B.— R. A. K.— W. M. B.—
TAB -Lord P.— J. R. J— W. C.-F. W. B.-J. V.— Sir
C D— J. G. L.. California.— \V. B. Valleyres.— C. de B.
Gnent.— VJ. Oochet.— M. O. Oodet.— B. D. J.— air D. B.—
B. O. B.—R. I. K.— J. B., Manchester.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 6, 1889.

NO T I C E.— Purchasers of PEAT, LOAM,
SAND, MANURES. GARDEN SUNDRIES and REQUI-
SITES, before ordering elsewhere should send for

R. BEALE'S NEW PRICE LIST.

BAMBOO CANES, 2 feet, clean split, for Carnations and
Pot Plants. Is. p-*r 100; 4 feet, for Chrysanthemums, Dahlias,
&c, 2s. 3d. per 100.

All goods carriage paid per list prices.

The NORTH LONDON HORTICULTURAL STORES, New
Southgate, N.

-s2S THE B-UCK1 NCHAM SHI RE

raEEI> ERADICATOR

FOR GRAVEL PATHS &tc

• Quick a? Efficient •
%l- per Gallon . - Ti ns Free.

'40 GALLONS 'gjS CASK FREE.

CARRIAGE PAID-

PARTICULARS

JWSMITH.A.PS

CHEMIST

STONY STRATFORD

Sold in Packets, 6d. and Is. each., and in

SEALED BAGS ONLY,

7 lb. 14 lb. 28 lb. 56 lb. 1 cwt.

2/6 4/6 7/6 12/6 20/-

CLAY & LEVESLEY,-

TEMPLE MILL LANE,
STRATFORD, LONDON, E.

C. & L. also supply Crushed Bones, Bone Dust, Peruvian Guano,
Sulphate of Ammonia, and Nitrate of Soda, inbestqualitiesonly.

HUGHES' Soluble

Fir Tree OIL

FLORISTS Sl NURSERYMEN SKOtfLD ALL USE IT

Unsurpassed as an insecticide for killing all Insect pests
whether on the roots or on the foliage, without injury to the
most delirate plants. It also imparts gloss and lustre to the
foliage which isso desirable for Exhibition purposes.

Mr. R. Craig, President of the Florist Convention of
America, says : '* After trying all Insecticides that I could
learn about, I have come to the conclusion that Fir Tree Oil is
the best for all purposes, and I feel convinced there is notMng
to come up to it in the Market."

Dog Fanciers should always use it for Washing their
animals, a small quantity in the Water will make their Coats
Silky, and produce a healthy Skin Action. It kills all para-
sites, and makes ihe Hair look Beautiful.

Used in the water for Washing Fabrics — it acts as a Disin-
fectant, Bleacher and Cleanser, and should always be used for
Washing Fine Linen Goods.

It kills Insect life on Man, Animals, Birds and Plants, with-
out any fear of injurious effects. It is invaluable for all
Animals and Birds when they are washed.

Sold by all Seedsmen and Chemists, 1/6, 2/6, 4/6; ^-Gallon
7/6, 1-Gallon 12/6, or less in larger quantities.

A Treatise on FIR TREE OIL as an INSECTICIDE, its
application to Plants and Animals, sent Post free on
application to
E. G. HUGHES, Victoria-St., Manchester.

Wholesale from Messrs. Hooper & Co. ; Corry. Soper
& Co ; Osman & Co., and all the Seed Merchants and Patent
Medicine Houses in London.

NEW YORK— Rolker & Sons.

CARSON'S PAINT

Patronised by 16,000 of the Nobility, Gentry,
and Clergy, for all kinds of

OUTDOOR WORK, CONSERVATORIES,

Greenhouses, Frames, &c.

1 Cvrt., and Oil Mixture, Free to all Stations.

Liquid Non-Poisonous Paints for Inside of Conservatories, &c.

Prices, Patterns, and Testimonials, Post-free.

LA BELLE SAUVAGE YARD, LUDGATE HILL, E.C.

BACHELOR'S WALK, DUBLIN.— Discount for Cash,

THE NORMAL FERTILISER.

For GREEN HOUSE or GARDEN,
p ■„„ 7 lb. H lb. 28 lb. 56 lb. 1 cwt.
: 2s. 3s. lid. bs. Sd. 9s. Us.

And in Qd. and Is. packets.
To be had of Seedsmen and Florists, or the NORMAL
MANURE COMPANY. Ltd., 121, Bisbopsgate Street Within,
E C.and Farnham Road. Guildford. Usual Trade Discounts.
Wholesale of Messrs. HURSTand SON, 152.Houndsditch. London

GISHUKST COMPOUND, used by leading
Gardeners since 1859 against Red Spider, Mildew,
Thrips, Green Fly, and other Blight. 1 to 2 ounces to the
gallon of soft-water ; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines
and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake against
American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended
to supersede it. Boxes, Is., 3s., and 10s. Qd.

GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on
wet ground. Boxes, tid. and Is., from the Trade.
Wholesale from PRICE"S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY
(Limited), London.

HY. VAN & CO.

(The Oldest London House in the Trade, Estd. 1780).

25, Tooley Street, London Bridge, S.E.

PROTECTION for FRUIT and FLOWERS.

GARDEN NETTING, 2yardswide.ljrf.,orperl00yards,
10s. : ditto. 4 yards wide, 3d., or per 100 yards. 20s.

SCRIM CANVAS, 1 yard wide, 3d., and 2 yards, tW. per yard.

TIFFANY, 38 inches wide, in 20 yard pieces, 3s. tid. per piece.

SHADING BLINDS mi,d» up any size.

KICK CLOTHS, TARPAULINS, Corn and Potato SACKS,
for Sale or Hire.

TENT, MARQUEE, and FLAG Makers.

Illustrated CATALOGUE post-free.

TOBACCO, RAG and PAPER, VIRGIN CORK, RAFFIA,
and Garden MATS of all kinds.

HILL & SMITH,

BRIERLEY HILL, NEAR DUDLEY,

AMD AT 118, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, E.C.

IRON FENCING, HURDLES, GATES, &C.

Hi Hi

IRON ROOFING AND HAY BARNS.

■ ;,.>^ar^.r^^-.

Special Estimates given for Large Contracts in Fencing,
Rooting, &c. Personal Surveys of Estates made, and practical
advice given as to the best and most economical Fences to put
down.

Illustrated Catalogues Free by Post.

8T0CK

iil

lY%i 8IZE8

Inches.

yfi^M Inches.

14X12

<T 20X15
' 20X16

16X12

hi1

18x12

SsfJ

^ 22X16
" 24X16

20X12

jlI

^SH

16x14

\n# 20x18

18x14

^W 22x18

20X14 .

34x18

21-OZ. and 15-OZ. Foreign, of above sizes, in boxes of 100 feet

and 200 feet super.
English. Glass, cut to buyers'sizes, at lowest prices, delivered

free and sound in the country, in quantity.

"HORTICULTURAL PUTTY.'" Own Special Manufacture.

GEORGE FARMILOE & SONS,

Lead, Glass, Oil, and Colour Merchants,

34, St. John Street, West Smithfleld. London, E.C.

Stock Lists and Prices on application. Please quote Chronicle.

ARCHANGEL MATS, RAFFIA. — Russia
Mats and Raffia at lower prices than supplied by any
other firm; also all kinds of Shadings, Nettings, Canes, and
other Sundries at Wholesale Prices to the Trade only.
MARENDAZ and FISHER. JamesStreet. Covent Garden, W.C.

To Nurserymen, Seed Merchants, and Florists.

JBLACKLJUUN and SONS are offering Aroh-
• angel Mats lower than anyotherhouse in the trade; also
Petersburg Mats, and Mat Bags, Raffia Fibre, Tobacco Paper,
and Shading. Prices free.— 4 and 5, Wormwood Street, E.C.

THE

NEW EASY"

LAWN MOWER.

Has an open steel
roller.

A man can work a
24-inch machine.

There is no easier
working, no better
finished, no stronger,
no more durable mower
in the market.

The Front Roller,
with simple adjust-
ment for regulating
height of cut, enables
the machine to cut
close to the ground,
and to do fine work,
besides adapting it for
verge cutting.

guts 24- 'inch Eisy-

To be obtained through
all the leading Ironmon-
gers or Seedsmen, or
from the Sole Licensees,

SELIG, SONNENTHAL & CO.,

85, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C.

BYA SLIGHTTURN ONLY THE FOLLOWING RESULTSARE
INSTANTLY OBTAINED

for attachment to hose pipe.

The Fine Spray is Invaluable for Seeds and Plants.

specially adapted for conservatories, gardens,

lawns, greenhouses, etc.

to be had from ironmongers. rubber companies, seedsmen, plumbers,

etc., or the proprietors,

Jarvis & Co., 47, Moor Street, Birmingham.

SAVE YOUR FIRE

and keep a fixed temperature under glass, by using
"FRIGI DOMO," made of prepared hair and
wool : a perfect non-conductor of cold.

PROTECT your PLANTS

"FRIG DOMO"

REGISTERED ■ wm TRADE MARK

FOR PRICE LIST &. PARTICULARS ADDRESS- I

RENJAMINRDGINGTON

O P Ouke ST LA London Br/dg£ I

CONWAY G. WARNE

(Successor to John Matthews),
ROYAL POTTERIES, WESTON- SUPER-MAKB.

Twenty-one Gold

and Silver Medals

for excellence.

Testimonials from

buyers of fifty yean

standing.

FLOWER POTS, 1 to 40 inches in diameter, manufactured
from the Clay, in its natural State, and being made by Hand,
are considered by all that use them far superior to Machine-
made Pots. Price LISTS gratis. Samples free. Large Book
of Designs, Is. Gd.

Note.— The Largest Flower Pot Manufactory in the World.

July 6. 1889.]

TEE GARDENERS' CERONICLE.

BECKETT BROS.,

CHELMSFORD.

Thoroughly Practical Hothouse Builders and Heating Engineers.
Glasshouses of every description, in Wood or Iron, erected in
any part of the kingdom. First-class workmanship and the
very best materials at the lowest possible prices.

Price Lists. Plans, and Estimates Frt*e.

LONDON^8**
OFFICES ~
/35 r mf4-f C/7WWO/V S T

:no SHOW
ROOMS
LOWDOfV.E.C.

GARDEN REQUISITES. — Stioks, Labels,
Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Eustio Work,
Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of
WATSON AND SCULL, 90, Lower Thames Street, London, E.C.

CONTRACTORS TO HER MAJESTY'S "WAR DEPARTMENT.

THE THAMES BANK IRON COMPANY

(Telegraphic Address -"HOT- WATER, LONDON." Telephone-No. 4,763)
Have now pleasure in bringing to the notice of Horticulturists and Gardeners generally their

NEW PATENT * 9090, \m HORIZONTAL TUBULAR BOILER,

Which is, without doubt, the Best All-round Boiler in the Market.

It combines all the ad-
vantages of its class so well
known, and by the improved
method of forming the
joints — viz., with india-
rubber Washers, the Old
and too often Ineffect-
ual way of caulking
the^joints is entirely
dispensed with.

It can be erected in a few
hours, and may be relied
upon as a thoroughly sound
and good Hot-water Gene-
rator. It has been care-
fidly tested in every possible
way, more especially with
regard to power and dura-
bility, and the result has
been highly satisfactory.

THE LARGEST AND MOST COMPLETE STOCK OF

HOT-WATER BOILERS of EVJERY DESCRIPTION

PIPES, CONNECTIONS, VALVES, VENTILATING GEAR, &c.

INSPECTION INVITED. PRICE LIST ON APPLICATION. ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, lj.

UPPER GROUND STREET, BLACKFRIARS, LONDON, S.E.

1! FOLLOWS & BATE'S" \

f ROYAL PRIZE MEDAL

MNGLQ AMERICAN LAWN

r1ffiiiiiiijiiiji!iu^te=sffl

Thase excellent Machine* have stood the test of years— they are still without a rival.

Many important National and International Prize Medals have been Won by them in Open Competition.

They have been supplied to : —

Her Mo t Gracious M-ijeaty the Queen, His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, KG., H.I.M. the Emperor of Austria,

the Imperial Russian Government, and numbers of tin Nobility and Gentry of Great Britain and the Continent.

NET CASH PRICES-Complete with Grass Boxes.
10 inches, 58s. ; 12 inches, 75s. ; 14 inches, 90s. ; 16 inohes, 105s., and larger sizes.

FOLLOWS & BATE (Limited),

Patentees and Manufacturers of the Patent " Victoria, ' " Climax," anil " -Manchester" Lawn Mowers. 70,000 sold since 1869.

Illustrated Price Lists on application.

GORTON. MANCHESTER.

I{^ To be obtained from all retp-ctable Ironmongers and Seedsmen throughout the Kingdom ; or, if
any difficulty is e.iperien:ed, direct from the Manufactory.

B0ULT0N&PAUL,

HORTICULTURAL
BUILDERS,

NORWICH.

No. 75.— MELON & CUCUMBER FRAMES

A large stock of the Frames ready, made of the most durable
red deal, and are the best to be had. The Frames are of 1± inch
boards, 24 inches high at back, and 13 inches high in 'front,
bolted at the corners, easily taken to pieces if required. The
Lights are 2 inches thick, with iron bar across, and one handle
at the top. Glazed with best English 21-oz. glass, and painted
four coats.

Length. Width.

1 Light Frame, 4 ft. by 6 ft.

12
16
20
24

by 6
by 6
br 6
by 6
by 6

Cash

Prices,

Carriage

an i

Packing

FREE.

(£2
3

0 0
0 0

4 5 0

5 10 0

6 15 0
8 0 0

CARRIAGE paid to any station in England and Wales.
Also to Dublin, Cork, Londonderry, Glasgow, and Edin-
burgh, or stations equivalent.

CATALOGUES POST-FREE.

CHEAP FRAMES.

PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES.

The above are without exception the most useful kind of
frame for plant growing, and every one with a garden should
possess one. The sashes turn right over one on to the other,
and the boxes are put together with wedges, and can be taken
apart in a few minutes. Sizes and prices, carriage paid to any
station in England, ready glazed and painted : —

6 feet long, 3 feet wide

| Packing
Cases

FREE.

2 0

2 10

4 7

3 10

5 17

0
0
G
0
6

6 feet „ 4 feet

12 feet „ 4 feet

6 feet „ 5 feet

12 feet „ 5 feet

Larger sizes at proportionate prices.

R. HALLIDAY & CO.,

Hothouse Builders nnd Engineers, Royal Horticultural Works,

Middleton, Manchester.

London Agent — Mr. H. Skklton, Seed>mau, Sec, 2, Holloway
Koad. N.

T//OS..W. ROB/A/$OMk

$T0(7Rmm£

GLASS. CHEAP GLASS.

88. 6d. per 100 feet 15 or.. 12x10, 18x12, 18x14, 24x14.

14 x 12. 30 x L2, is x 16, 24 x 16,

16x12, 16x14, 20X16, 24X18, &0.

White Lead, genuine, 21s. ; Our

Paints ground in Oil, Stone Oi'hre.

reeu, US*.; Black. I6t. per rwt. ;

. Paints and Varnish at very low
per square; Hatching at bs. 9d. ;

2x4 at fd. Pours, Mouldings,

tv Goods, fto Full Price List on
WOOD COMPANY, 72, Buhops-
E.C.

128. per 100 feet 21 or. ..
Putty. 6.5. &d. per owl
Specialty, 17. 6/. perowt,
80*.; Oxford Ochra, 2is. ; Q
Varnish, from 6». 8o. par gal,
prices. £ Flooring at 7*. >id.
.'1x9 at '2%d. per foot run;
Greenhouse Bur*. Ironmongc
application to THE CHEAP
gate Street Within, Loudon,

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 6, 1889.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

4 Lines

6 „

e „

7 H

8 „

9 „

10 „

11 ,.

12 „

13 „

14 ,,

AND SIXPENCE FOR EVERY ADDITIONAL LINE.

If set across two Columns, the lowest charge will be 205.
If set across three Columns the lowest charge will be 30*.
Page, £8; Half Page. £4 10s. ; Column. £3.

f Charges

for Advert

ising.

Head Line charged as two.

£0 3

Lines

..£0 8

0 3

..0 9

0 4

..0 9

0 4

0 10

0 5

.. 0 10

0 5

.. 0 11

0 6

.. 0 11

0 6

.. 0 12

0 7

.. 0 12

0 7

.. 0 13

0 8

»i

.. 0 13

Gardeners and others Wanting Situations.

26 words, including name and address. Is. 6rf.,

and Gd. for every additional line (about 9 words) or part

of a line.

THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE PREPAID.

This scale does not apply to announcements of Vacant
Situations, which are charged at the ordinary scale.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.— Advertisers are cautioned
against having Letters addressed to Initials at Post-offices, as
all Letters so addressed are opened by the authorities and
returned to the sender.

Births. Deaths and Marriages, 5s. each insertion.

Advertisements for the current week must reach the Office by

Thursday noon.

All Subscriptions Payable in Advance.

The United Kingdom : 12 Months, 15s. ; 6 Months,

73. 6d. ; 3 Months, 3s. 9d.

Foreign (excepting India and China); including Postage,

17S. 6d. for 12 Months; India and China, 19S. 6d.

Post Office Orders to be made payable at the Post Office,

42, DRURY LANE, W.C., to W. Richards.

Publishing Office and Office for Advertisements,
41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C.

RICHARDSON'S

HORTICULTURAL

BUILDINGS

Fixed in auy part of the Kingdom with
Hot- water Apparatus complete.

CATALOGUE

FREE.

Best Work
guaranteed, and
at Lowest Prices.

NORTH OF ENGLAND
HORTICULTURAL WOR1
DARLINGTON

HORTICULTURAL

A Large Stock
always on Hand.

Special quotations for quantities.

GLASS.

WHITE LEAD, OILS, AND COLOURS

At loioest possible prices.

NICH0LLS& CLARKE,

6, HIGH STREET, SHOREDITCH,

w. h. LA8CELLES & co.,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS,

121, BUNHILL ROW,

LONDON, E.C.

CONSERVATORIES,

GREENHOUSES,
ORCHID HOUSES,

VINERIES,
PEACH HOUSES, &c.

Plans and Estimates Free.

' w

0 0 1) WOOL,"

FOR PACKING PURPOSES.

Samples with Prices post-tree on application.

DICKS ONS Seed Warehouse, CHESTER.

(Limited.)

ORCHID BASKETS,
RAFTS, BOATS, AND CYLINDERS,

AND ALL GARDEN SUNDRIES.

SEND FOR A

PRICE LIST

from the Largest Manufacturer in the Trade,

H. G. SMYTH,

2 1, GOLDSMITH STREET,

DRURY LANE. W.C.

JAS. BOYD & SONS,

Horticultural Builders
and Heating Engineers,

PAISLEY.

i HORTICULTURAL
STRUCTURES

of every description,

in either Wood or Iron,

or both combined.

Wooden Chapels,
Shooting Lodges,
" Tennis Courts,
Cottages, &c.

Hot - water Apparatus

for warming

Buildings of every

description.

Illustrated Circulars

Post-free.

Complete Catalogue, 3s.

LONDON, E.

MADE WITH BOILING WATER-

E P P S ' S

GRATEFUL-COMFORTING.

COCOA

MADE WITH BOILING MILK.

APRIL SHOWERS WATERING POT
(Curtis' Patent). — Fitted with filtering cylinders and
dripless roses, all sizes. Price lists post free from WILLIAM
CURTIS, Patentee and Sole Manufacturer, Arcade, Ipswich.

FOR SALE, 1,000,000 yards of Galvanised
WIRE NETTING; 35 tons of BARB WIRE, 4-pointed,
7 inches apart ; 40 tons of Galvanised 7-ply STRAND ; 300 tons
of Solid-drawn STEEL FENCING WIRE, Nos. 4 to 8, both
Plain and Galvanised ; also Galvanised EYE-BOLTS and
Screwed EYES for Vineries. — Send for Lists to

THE LONGFORD WIRE CO. (Limited), Warrinjtton.

TANNED NETTING, 2 yards wide, Ud. per
yard, 105. per 100 yards; 4 yards wide, 3d. per yard, 20,*.
per 100. NEW TWINE NETTING, 1 inch mesh, 1 yard wide.
2d. ; 2 yards wide, id. ; 4 yards wide, %d. per yard. COTTON
NETTING, 54 inches wide, 9 meshes to square inch, Id. per
yard— best article to protect Fruit Trees, &c. HEXAGON
NETS, 72 meshes to inch, 4Jd. per yard.
W. CULLINGFORD, 127, Field Road, Forest Gate, London, E.

YOUNG LADIES who WANT' TO BE
INDEPENDENT, and make their own wayin the world,
should write for a Prospectus of the SCIENTIFIC DRESS
CUTTING ASSOCIATION, 272, Regent Street, London, W.
Situations for all Pupils at good salaries.

WANTED, a PARTNER, or the LEASE of ,
a NURSERY', containing about 7000 feet of Glass,
TO BE SOLD, situate at 18, MaidaVale, N.W. Good Dwelling -
House, Stable, and Cottage.— Apply to C. FAIRNINGTON.

WANTED (Head-Wobking) GARDEiNER,
must be thoroughly competent in all branches, and
of good character. Married man, and wife to undertake
Liundry essential. — Apply, by letter, stating full particulars,
and wages required, to A. DREWE, Mercer, Elmhurst,
Belvedere, Kent.

WANTED, a GARDENER, who under-
stands Vines, Cucumbers, and Kitchen Garden, and
able to Milk Cow. Wife to undertake Washing. --.T. T.
SEDGEMERE, East Finchley, N.

WANTED, a SINGLE-HANDED GAR-
DENER, Indoor. Small Conservatory. Wages £18
to commence. All found except beer. Required July 27. —
LASCELLES CARR, Esq., Tredelerch, near Cardiff.

WANTED, a skilled PROPAGATOR of
Rhododendrons, &e. Must be a successful Budder
and Grafter of Fruit Trees and other Hardy Stock. He must
be energetic, sober, and trustworthy. Full particulars, ex-
perience, and salary required.— JAMES SMITH and SONS,
Darley Dale Nurseries, near Matlock.

f'OREMAN WANTED, Indoors for the Pri-
vate Department of a Public Park. Must have a good
knowledge of Furnishing Table Work, Bouquet Making,, and
be able to get up a large quantity of Bedding Plants, a Good
Grape and Plant Grower. Wages 2&ff. per we?k. Extras 2s.
—Apply, with particulars of age, where employed, and how
long. Copies of testimonials, &c. Address FOREMAN, Dick-
son, Brown. & Tait, 4:> and 45, Corporation Street, Manchester.

WANTED, a AVOKKING FOREMAN.—
Thoroughly up in Growing Tomatos, Cucumbers,
Flowers, Plants, Vegetables, &c, and Making Wreaths for
Market. Wages, 30s. week.— GARDENER, 41, High Street,
Newport, Mon.

WANTED, an active young MAN, who under-
stands Gardening, to act a* an Attendant in an
Asylum. Wages commence at£32 a year, with board, lodging,
and uniform.— Apply, stating particulars, to the MEDICAL
SUPERINTENDENT, County Asylum, Rainhill. near Liverpool.

Seed Trade.

WANTED, a SHOPMAN. Thorough know-
ledge of Seeds and Bulbs, of good address, and ac-
customed to smart Counter Trade, State where experience
gained, salary, &c— Messrs. THOMSON and GO., Seed
Merchants, Birmingham.

WANTED, a SECOND SHOPMAN. Wages
21s. per week. — Apply by letter, B., 12, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C.

Invoice Clerk.

WANTED, an active young MAN, who has
had some experience in the Trade. Must Write a
Neat Plain Hand. — Apply, with particulars, age, where last
employed, and salary required, DICKSON, BROWN, and
TAIT, Seed Merchants, Manchester,

WANT PLACES.

Letters addressed " Poste Restante" to initials or to fictitwitt
names are not forwarded, but are at once returned to th :
writers.

Head Gardeners.

JOHN LAING and SONS can at present
recommend with every confidence several energetic and
practical MEN of tested ability and first-rate character. Ladies
and Gentlemen in want of GARDENERS and BAILIFFS, and
HEAD GARDENERS for firstrrate Establishments or Single-
handed Situatious, can be suited and have full particulars by
applying at Stanstead Park and Rutland Park Nurseries,
Forest Hill, London, S.E.

Gardeners, Farm-Bailiffs, Foresters, &c.

DI C K S O N IS, Koyal Nurseries, Chester,
(Limited), are always in a position to RECOM-
MEND MEN of the highest respectability, and thoroughly
practical at their business. All particulars on application.
Telegraphic and Postal Address—*' DICKSONS, CHESTER."

July 6, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

THCHARD SMITH and CO.

JLV beg to announce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gardeners, seeking situations, and that they
will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars.
&c. — St. John's Nurseries. Worcester.

A GENTLEMAN leaving England wishes
personally to recommend his excellent servants.
GARDENER (Head) Scotch, married; GARDENER (Under);
FARMER and COWMAN, who has acted third in garden.—
Apply lo Hon. G. P., Iekleford Home. Hitchin, Herts.

GARDENER (Head); married.— Mr. A.
Wingfield recommends a man as above. Accustomed
to Glass, &c— T. H„ The Gardens, Bury's Court, Reigate.

GARDENER (Head).— Age 34, married, one
boy, age eight ; good. Served his time in the best
gardens in the kingdom.— GARDENER, 88, Arnold Road,.01d
Basford, Nottingham.

GARDENER (Head) ; age 29.— Thomas
Singleton, present Foreman, Ravensworth Castle
Gardens, Gateshead-on-Tyne, will be pleased to engage with
any Lady or Gentleman requiring a thorough practical man in
all branches, including Orchids, and good Plantsman. Higbly
recommended from past and present employers.

GARDENER (Head), married. — J. H.
Phillips, Head Gardener to the late H. D. Fussell,
Esq., Amroth Castle, Begelly, R. S. O., Pembrokeshire, desires
immediate re-engagement. Unsurpassable testimonials as to
ability, &c— References kindly permitted to be made to Mrs.
FUSSELL. Llwn-Worm-Wood Park, near Llandovery, Car-
mart h enshire.

GARDENER (Head), and BAILIFF; age 50.
— Mr. Spottiswoode, late of Combe Bank, Sevenoaks,
wishes to recommend his Bailiff and Head Gardener, J. Bolton.
Left through letting of estate, of which J. B. had the entire
management for 16£ years. Large gardens. A successful
Grower of all Fruits, Flowers, and Vegetables.— W. H.
SPOTTISWOODE, Esq., Her Majesty's Printing Office, East
Harding Street, London, E.C. ; or, J. BOLTON, Letton, E.S.O.,
Hereford.

GARDENER (Head Wobking).— Age 28,
married, one child ; thoroughly understands all branches
in Gardening. Three years' good character. — J. MARLEY,
Alumhurst, Westbourne, Bournemouth.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 40,
married, no children ; thoroughly experienced in all
branches of Gardening, also of Cattle and Land. Can be well
recommended. — F. G.,54, PalmerstonRoad, Sou'h Wimbledon.

GARDENER (Head Working), where two
or more are kept, also Land and Stock if required. —
Age 35, married, one daughter ; three years' good character.—
G. W. G., Caldicote House, Bushey Heath, Watford, Herts.

GARDENER (Head Working). — Age 46,
married, no family ; well experienced in Early and Late
Forcing, Grapes, Melons, Cucumbers, Tomatos, Flower and
Kitchen Garden. Good character. — J. B., Scotswood House,
Arkley, High Barnet, N.

GARDENER (Head Working); age 33,
married, one child, age 5. — F. Oapp, Northcroft, Engle-
field Green, Staines, desires re-engagement as above, where
not less than three or four are kept. Thoroughly practical
and energetic.

ARDENER (Head Working), in a good

establishment. — Age 40, married ; twenty-five years'
experience. Advertiser will be pleased to treat with any Lady
or Gentleman requiring the services of a thorough practical
man.— E. NEVE. Bushey Heath. Herts.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 33,
two children ; eight years Head in good places. Tho-
roughly practical in all branches of the profession. First-class
recommendations for honesty, sobriety, &c. Distance no
object. State wages, &c. — CUBA, Mrs. Wesson's Paper
Office, Baker Street, Enfield, Middlesex.

GARDENER (Head Working). — Middle-
aged, no family; thoroughly experienced in nil branches
of the profession. One who studies his employers. Good refer-
ences. Will be at liberty one month after engagement to any
Lady or Gentleman requiring a steady, honest, active, intelli-
gent man.— K., Mrs. Griffin, Town Hall, Brighton.

GARDENER (Head Working), or ORCHID
GROWER. — Age 41, married, no young children;
thoroughly practical. —HE AD GARDENER, Effingham Park,
Crawley Down, Sussex.

ARDENER (Head Working, where two or

three are kept, or good Single-handed).— Age 49 ; well
up in all branches. First-class character. — C. FOSTER, Malt
House Lodge, Hurley, near Marlow, Berks.

ARDENER (Head Working, or good

Single-handed). — Age 33, married, three children;
seventeen years' experience in Fruits, Flowers, Vegetables,
Flower, and Kitchen Gardening. Three years' good character
from last place.— W. HOWARD, 2, Dornfell Street, Mill
Lane, N.W.

GARDENER. — A practical good working man,
no incumbrance, wishes to find a sit uation. Wife could do
Laundry or Dairy. — E. F., 11, Sumatra Road, W. Hampstead.

GARDENER (Working Single-handed),
or otherwise. — Age 39, married ; thorough all-round ex-
perience, first-class references. — J. SNOW, 2, Avenue Road,
Woodford Wells, Essex.

GARDENER (good Second or Single-
handed). — Age 24, single ; eight years' experience In-
side and Out. Total abstainer, can be well recommended. —
G. WOODLET, 2, Providence Row, Forest Rise, Walthamstow,
Essex.

GARDENER (Single-handed or Under).—
Age 22; seven years' good general experience Inside
and Out.— A. P., 25, New England, Peterborough.

GARDENER (Second).— Age 24 ; nine years'
experience. Inside and Out. Good character. —
W. OLDER, 6, Half Moon Lane, Dulwich, London, S.E.

GARDENER (Second), in good place —
Age 24; energetic. Excellent character.— A. MOSS,
27, Cardiff Road, Newport, Mon.

G^ ARDENER (Second).— Age 22; eight years'
W experience in Houses, Flower and Kitchen Garden.
Excellent character from present and previous employers. —
G. T. R.. The Gardens, Milton Park, Egham, Surrey.

GARDENER (Second), in good establishment.
— Age 22 ; has had Management of Greenhouses and
Conservatory for the last 18 months.. Good references. Ab-
stainer.— J. A., St. Helen's Lodge, Ore, Hastings.

GARDENER (Under or Single-handed).—
Age 28, married ; understands Cows. Fifteen years'
experience. Five years with present employer. — A. MANN,
The Gardens, Clare Lawn, East Sheen.

(^ ARDENER (Under or Second), where

\^ three or four are kept. — Age 23, single; good character.
Strong, sober, and industrious. — W. F., 4, Clifden Cottages,
Keymer, Hassocks.

GARDENER (Under), in Flower and Kitchen
Garden, or Pleasure-grounds. — Age 20; good character.
M. HLZZEY, Cherteey Road, Windlesdam, Surrey.

GARDENER (Under), where others are
kept, Inside or Out. — Age 21 ; good character. —
E. MASLEN, 5, Frederick Terrace, Railway Street, Barnes.S. W.

GARDENER (Under), Inside and Out.—
Age 23; eight years' experience in good Gardens. Good
character. Bo:hy preferred.— M. T., Bradskett, Selbourne,
Alton, Hants.

FOREMAN, in Gentleman's Establishment. —
Age 24; eight years' experience in good places. Excel-
lent references. Past twelve months as Foreman. Abstainer.
—FOREMAN, Brook Street, Milborne Port, Somerset.

To Nurserymen.

FOREMAN (Working), Outdoor, or ASSIST-
ANT. — An energetic young man is open to an engage-
ment as above. Has eleven years' practical experience ; quick
aud successful Budder ; good at Ro=es, Fruit Trees, Conifene
and Herbaceous Plants. Strict total abstainer.— FOREMAN,
Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C.

PROPAGATOR.— Well up in Soft-wooded
Roses, In or Outdoors. Twelve years' experience. Good
reference as to ability.— H. B., 2, Shaw Road, Newbury, Berks.

PROPAGATOR. — Age 24; well up in all
Market Stuff. — H. SAVER, 13, Lion Road, Bexley
Heath, Kent.

To Nurserymen.

PROPAGATOR.— Well versed in the Propaga-
tion of General Nursery Stock. Ten years' experien e.
First-class references.— PROPAGATOR, The Institute, Fair-
field Road, Kingston, Surrey.

To Nurserymen.

PROPAGATOR.— Age 35; successful with
Roses, Rhododendrons, Clematis, Conifene, and Stove
and Greenhouse Plants. Has been with Lucombe, Pince & Co.
11 years.— H. DY.ER, Lucombe, Pince & Co., Exeter Nursery,
Exeter.

PROPAGATOR and GROWER, Market or
Otherwise,— Seventeen years' practical experience in all
branches of the Cut Flower and Plant Trade.— It. R. E., Har-
low Mount, Otley Road, Harrogate.

PROPAGATOR and GROWER.— Age lU j
well up in Pelargoniums, Bouvardias, Carnations,
Genistas, Ficus, Calceolarias. Cinerarias, Primulas, Fuchsias,
Ferns, Clematis, &c. — H.. Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wel-
lington Street, Strand, W.C.

To Nurserymen.

PROPAGATOR (Assistant).— Age 19; four
years' good experience.— R. B., Lucombe, Pince & Co.,
The Exeter Nursery, Exeter.

ORCHID GROWER, or GARDENER and
ORCHID GROWER.— Age :«, married; seventeen years'
thorough experience in all brant-lies. Orchids a speciality. >*0
objection to a small comfortable place, where a collection of
Orchids is being formed. Thoroughly recommended. Total
abstainer.— FLORIST, Florence Villa, Upper Gordon Road,
Enfield, N.

To Nurserymen.

ROSE GROWER, Outdoor.— Good Budder.
1 Thirteen years' experience. Good references. — J.
SAUNDERS. St. Mary's Road Nurseries, Oxford.

To Market Growers.

GROWER of Cucumbers, Tomatos, Straw-
berries, Mushrooms, Grapes, &c. — Age 28, married;
good references.— A. B., 2, Victoria Terrace, Herbert Road,
Manor Park, E.

JOURNEYMAN, in a good place where two
or three kept.— Ago 20; good character.— Apply, stating
wages to T. MILES, The Gardens, Hayes Place, Beckenham,
Kent.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 21 ;
seven years' good experience Inside and Out. Two years'
good character from present place.— H. BURNELL, Marden
Park Gardens, Caterham, Surrey.

rVO GARDENERS, &c— R. Savage

JL young man (age 21) he can highly recommend a?

JOURNEYMAN.— C. Mayo can with the

greatest confidence recommend a steady young man

that can be trusted. — The Gardens, Rodborough Court,
Stroud.

J" OURNEYMAN, Inside ; age 21.—
J. Trigger, The Gardens, Milton, Peterborough, can
highly recommend Samuel Watkius to any Head Gardener
requiring an active and industrious young man,

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses; ~age~16.—

€> Mr. Hare, The Gardens, Wellingore, Grantham, would
be pleased to recommend a steady young man as above. Bothy
preferred.

JOURNEYMAN, in a good Establishment —
Age 20; can be well recommended. Has had good
experience, in Houses and Out. — G. SHEPHERD, Tubney
Lodge, Abingdon, Berks.

JOURNEYMAN, Private or Nursery. —
Age 21 ; can be well recommended as strong, obliging,
and energetic. Abstainer. Five years' experience.— T. O.,
Gardeners' Chronicle Office. 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

IMPROVER, in a Gentleman's Garden.—
Age 18 ; three years' experience. Good references. —
W. E. SMITH, 56. Ravenswood Road, Balham. Surrey, S.W.

To Market Fruit Growers under Glass.

IMPROVER, Indoors.— Age 22; abstainer.
Wages not so much an object as experience. — R. P.,
1, Laburnam Cottages, Pinner Road, Sudbury, Middlesex.

ADVERTISER, age 38 ; well up in all branches
of the Nursery Trade, also competent to prepare Plans
and Estimates, and carry out Landscape Work, seeks an
engagemeat in any capacity requiring the services of a
thoroughly practical man. — N. M., 41, Wellington Street,
Strand, W.C.

rrO GENTLEMEN, &c— E. Tullett, Fore-

J- man. West Brighton Nnrseries, Hove, can with con-
fidence recommend E. Pullanger as Second in private place.
Pleased to answer any question required respecting reference,
&c— E. PULLANGER. Hinton Amaer, Alresford, Hants.

rTO NURSERYMEN.— Situation required to

-L take charge of Small Nursery. Good Grower of Soft
Stuff. Many years practical experience. Good Carpenter. —
E. K., 59. Tliurlow HU1, West Dulwich, S.E.

'X'O NURSERYMEN.— Advertiser seeks a re-

-1- engagement to Grow Grapes, Tomatos, Cucumbers, Cut
Flowers, and Plants in quantity.— W. N., Gardeners' Chronicle
Office, 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C.

has a

as being a
thorough good worker. Inside and Out. — The Gardens, The
Wells, Epsom.

rPO GENTLEMEN.— A respectable country

JL Lad (age 17) seeks situation in Private Garden. Four
years' good character from present employer. — ASHBi', Little
Mill. East Peckham. Kent.

AP P R E N T I C E ; age 15. — Wanted to
Apprentice Tradesman's Son, Indoors, with Head
Gardener, having permission, on a Gentleman's Estate. With
wages prospect. Moderate premium. — Particulars, Mr.
NAl'LOK, 2, Beresford Street, Jersey.

B~ AILIFF (Working), or COWMAN, on
Gentleman's Grass Farm; can also take charge of
Woods, Game, Sec. — Eight years' good character; nine pre-
previously.— E. H., Blagden Road. New Maiden, Surrey.

C HOPMAN, or MANAGER. — Age 30 ;

O thorough knowledge of Seed, Bulb, Plant, and Flower
Trade. Good references.— WM. HARRIS, Hammerwood, East
Grinstead, Sussex.

SHOPMAN (Assistant), where experience in
the Flower Trade could be gained.— Good experience in
Bulbs, See is. Sec. Good reference. — F. WHITE, 5, Hope
Terrace. Acton Green. Chiswick, W.

CLERK, and useful hand in good Private
Bota ileal or Nursery Garden, to increase his knowledge
of Plants, Sec, and as a change for his health.— A young Seeds-
man, married, is desirous of a situation as above. — H. G. E.,
Gardeners' Chronicle Office. 41. Wellington Street. Strand, W.C.

WANTED a SITUATION on a Gentleman's
place, by a respectable Mao, with good reference and
great experience. Understands thoroughly Heating all kindsof
Buildings by Hot-water, also Plumbing, Gla/ing, and Painting.
— F. K.. Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street,
Strand, W.C.

TO FLORISTS. — Situation wanted by a
young Lady. Has had good experience at Wreiths,
Crosses, &c West-end preferred.— J. FRANKLIN, 22, Claren-
don Road. Croydon. _

Y\7"ANTfc.I>, by a young LADY, a situation in

TT a Florist's Shop. Twelve months' experience. Good
references. Live on the premises preferred.— A. P., Gardeners'
Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

HOLLOWAY'S OINTMENT and PILLS.—
Notable Facts. — Intense heat augments the annoy-
ance of skin disease, and encourages the development of febrile
disorders ; wherefore they should, as they may, be removed by
these detergent and purifying preparations. In stomach com-
plaints, liver affections, pains and ppasms of the bowels,
Holloway's Ointment well rubbed over the affected part im-
mediately gives the greatest ease, prevents congestion and
inflammation, checks the threatening diarrhoea, and inverts
incipient cholera. The poorer inhabitants of large cities will
find these remedies to be their best friend when any pestilence
rases, or when Ironi unknown causes, eruptions, boils, ab-
scesses, or ulcerations between the presence of taints or im-
purities within the system, and call for instant aud effective
curative medicines.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

'July 6 1889,

Send for ILLUSTRATED LIST of

JOHN BLAKE'S

PATENT SELF-ACTING HYDRADLIC

For Raising Water for the Supply of Towns, Villages, Irrigation, Railway Stations, Mansions, Fountains, Farms, &c.

No Cost for Motive Power, which is obtained from the Stream of Water passing through the Ram.

NO OILING OR PACKING REQUIRED.

MADE IN SIZES TO RAISE FROM 300 to 500,000 GALLONS PER DAY. WILL FORCE TO A HEIGHT OF 15CJ0 Feet.

SPECIAL RAMS for HIGH FALLS to send up to One-Third of the Water passing through them.

Fig. A.

This Ram raises a portion of the same
water that works it.

This view represenls Fig. A Ram forcing up a part of the
same water that works it, which i-. supplied from a
spring. Speci il Rams of A make can be supplied to
force to a height of 800 feet.

This Ram, whilst worked by a stream of impure

water, will pump clean water from

a well or spring.

TESTIMONIALS FOR JOHN BLAKE'S PATENT SELF-ACTING HYDRAULIC RAMS:

From C. PAGE WOOD, E<q., Wakes Hall, Wakes Coin', Essex, January llth, 1889.

" Sir,— In reply to your inquiry, the Hydraulic Ram you put down for me in 1334 has cost me only sixpence in repairs (for a new stud my blacksmith made); the second Ram you put
down to supplyau off-hand farm, has been running three years, and his cost not a penny for repairs; th-i third and largest Ram put down two months ago, which is for the supply of water
to my neighbours, is running satisfactorily.

" All three Rams throw up more water than you guarantied. From inquiries I have made from friends who have Rams of other makers, I am convinced of the superiority of yours, and my
third order is a proof of my good opinion. My abundant water supply is the greatest possible comfort to me. " Yours faithfully.

•' C. PAGE WOOD."

From MATTHIAS SMITH, Esq., IWl Top Hall, Pannal, next Leeds, January 14, 1889.

" Dear Sir, — I have great pleasure in bearing testimony to the marvellous efficiency of the Ram you fixed here in January, 1888. It is worked by spring water of irregular volume, the dry-
Wddther now being 6 pints per minute, with which quantity you promised to work the Kim, forcing through 330 yards of delivery pipe to an elevation of fully 144 feet, bit out of 5) pints p*r
minute, llii} gallons per day are sent up ; and out of 2 gallons per minute now (lowing through the Ram, 54 i gallons per day are delivered at the same height.'

" Ooiwdering the extremely small quantity of driving water, I certainly did not expect so grand a result. With every wish that you may get the reward yon deserve, — I am, deir Sir,
yours faithfully, " MATTHIAS SMITH."

From Mr. THOMAS VARLEY, Agent to the Trustees of the late William Roundell, Esq., Gledstone Estate, West Marton, Skipton, August 11, 1887.

" Dear Sir, — The Patent Hydraulic Ram you fixed five years ago on this estate is still working as well as it did on the day it started. It is driven bv spring water carried along the hillside
in 050 yards of iron pipe, and forces up an abundant supply ti an uuderground tank on the hill at a distance of two miles from, and at an elevation of 280 feet aboie the Rim. The water is
then gravitated through several pipes and brancies, having a total length of about four miles, for the supply of the mansion, gardens, stables, estate workshop, and steam boiler, the village of
West Mirtou, and several farms. There are five fire-plugs inside the mansion, and seven outside ; and as the underground reservoir is 70 feet above the mmsioii, seven jets of water can be thrown
over the home in case of lire. As there is si ill a considerable overllow from the undergroand reservoir running to waste, I intend to form a second reservoir at a lower level, and utilize the water
for other firm*. I h ive mu_m pleasure in being able to report as above."

VILLAGE WATER SUPPLY.

From J. B. McCALLUM} Esq., C.E., Borough and Water Engineer, Blackburn, Nov. 1, 1886. Guide {Borough of Blackburn) Water Supply.

" Dear Sir,— Following is the short report I promised to send as to the work performed by the Hydraulic Rims— supplied by you to the Blackburn Corporation— after they had been in
operation sufficient time to take proper observations.

" The district of Guide — population about oOO— in the Borough of Blackburn, is situate 1 above the highest reservoir of the Blackburn Waterworks, and had no regular water supply until last
July, when the Water Committee caused two of your Patent Hydraulic Rams to be put down and worked by water from a reservoir having a varying but maximum head of 3-4 feet 3 inches on the
rams — the waste (clean) water gravit iting to a lower adjacent reservoir.

'* You contracted to supply rams which would force 8000 gallons per day each through 1205 yards of delivery pipe to a service tmk 170 feet above the rams, and I am bound to state that the
result his considerably exceeded my expectations, as the rams are cipable of pumping and have pumped much more water than you promised. The percentage of efficiency exceeds all I expected,
an 1 is, in my opinion, much more than is usually obtained from hydraulic rams.

" From a test I made on September 29, I found that two rams with j inch and • inch strokes respectively, supplied with 194,03) gallons per day, together pumped 26,090 gallons per day to
a height of 170 feet, giving 71'43 per cent, of elficiency, and one ram working at jj inch stroke, and with only 16 feet of working fall supplied with 151,587 gallons per day pumped 10,587 gillons
per tlay to the same height, showing 72'75 per cent, of efficiency.

" At a subsequent test on Octub:r 11, one ram at * inch stroke, and having 31 feet 0 inches of working fall supplied with 121,033 gallons p?r day, pumped 17,583 gallons per day to an elevation
of 17 1 1 feet, the elficiency in this ca^e being 79*57 per cent.

" In arriving at these results, the greatest care was taken to positively measure the water, b "sidei hivin* a m 'tur-zh^ck on feed and djli very- pipes.

" The work carried out by you at Blaekburu is substant-al and satisfactory in every way, and if any engineer w'shi^ to make his own observations he is at liberty to come here and do so."

Eridge Estate Office, Ilargate Lodge, Tunbridye

From WM. DICKINSON, Esq., Agent to the Most Honourable the Marquess of A^erqavenny, K.G.t

Wells, July 3, '1885. *

" Sir,— I am instructed by the Marquess of Abergavenny to say that the Fatent Hydraulic Ram, with over two miles of pipes, forcing water to a height of 23) feet, which you ere -te 1 at
Eri'lge Castle abont nine months ago, has given his lordship entire satisfaction, and he lias every confidence in its continuing to do so. — I am, Sir, yours faithfully, " William Dickixsox."

From J. A. RUTHERFORD, Agent to C. F. H. Bolckow, Esq., Estate Office, Marton Hall, Middlesbrough, September 26, 1883.

*' Dear Sir, — I am glad to say that the Rtnn you put down on the Hambleton Estate for Mr. C. F. H. Bolckow are working very well. You undertook, with 16 gallons per minute, to send
up 1500 gallons a day, and with enough water to work the Rams at full power, 2000 gallons a day. With a supply of l\\ gallons per minute they are liftiog 2200 gallons, and when working full
power 3105 gallons per day are sent up to a height ot nearly -400 feet. They made a clear start, and have gone well since." (The delivery pipe in the above case is 9000 feet in length.)

JOHN BLAKE, HYDRAULIC RAM WORKS, AOCRINCTON, LANCASHIRE, ENGLAND.

Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor;" Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher," at the Office, 41. Wellington Street, Coven t Garden, Loudon, W.C
Printed by William Richards, at the Office of Messrs. Bradbury, Askew, & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct o£ Whitefriars, City of London, in the County of Middlesex, and published by the
said William Richards at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden in the said County.— Saturday, July 6, 1889. Agent cat Manchester— John Heywood.

Established 1841

No. 133— Yol. VI. {ST™:.}

SATURDAY, JULY 13, 1889.

[Regt. aa a Newspaper,

(Price 3d.

\ Post-free, 3%d.

CONTENTS.

American notes

Orchid nomenclature

Amorphonhallus Titanum

„ notes

Angraxums

Orchis hircina

Apiary

Ornithogalum apertiflo-

Bedding, effective

rum

Botanical Magazine

Peas, early

Buddleia globusa

,, new and old varie-

Bulb garden

ties of

Calceolaria, the

Plant-food

Cattleya intricata x

Plants and their culture .

Chinese white wax

Poppies

Delphiniums

Ro?a berberidifolia

Florists' flowers

Rose Conference

Forest growths, succes-

,, the Puritan

sion of

Roses

Fruits under glass

Royal Horticultural So-

Gardeners' Orphan Fund .

ciety finances

Hardy fruit garden

Seneciu petasites

Helenium Hoopesi

Sewage

Herbaceous border

Societies — ■

Ixias

Boston

Lathyrus Drummondi ...

Chiswick

Lilies in pots

Kettering

Mulberry, introduction of

National Rose

the

Royal ('aledunian

Obituary—

Royal Hort'eu'turul ...

Hon. and Rev. J. T.

Scottish Horticultural .

Boscawen

-lli

Twickenham

Odontoglossum Harrya-

Strawberry, new

num var. rlavescens

Ultnus campestris tricolor

Odontogtossums ...

Vegetables ...

Oncidium linguiforme ...

Waddesdoii Manor

„ Schlimii

Weather, the

* ILLU8TH

ATION8.

Roses, ideal forms of

40, 41, 50

,51

Senecio petasites

Advertisers are specially requested to note, that,
under no circumstances whatever, can any
particular position be guaranteed for ad-
vertisements occupying less space than an
entire column.

Now ready. In cloth, lis. 6d.

7^HE GARDENERS CHRONICLE,
Vol. V.. Third Series, JAN. to JUNE. 18^9.
W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street. Strand. W.C.

RE GARDENERS'~~CHRONICLE

IN AMERICA.

The Subscription to America, including Postage, is $4.30 for
Twelve Months.

Agent for America: — E. H. LIBBY, "The American Garden,"
751, Broadway, New York, to whom American Orders may
be sent.

ROYAL BOTANIC SOCIETY,
Gardens, Regent's Park, N.W.
FLORAL PARADE and FEAST of ROSES,
MONDAY NEXT, July 15.
Gates open at 2 o'Clock. The Bands will plav from 2 to 7.
Tickets to be obtained at the Gardens only by Vouchers from
Fellows of the Society, price 10s; each; or ou the day of the
Fete, 20s.

LUTON HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.
ANNUAL SHOW, JULY 24 and 25. Open Division,
First Prize £10. For particulars, apply to

J. GARDENER, Hon. Sec.
30, Langley Street, Luton, Beds.

TEENTHAM a^d HANFOKD
HORTICULTURAL, SOCIETY.
The SECOND ANNUAL EX4IIUTI0N will be held in
Tremham Gardens, on JULY 25, by kind permission of the
Duke of Sutherland. PRIZES to the amount of ONE HUN-
DRED and FIFTY POUNDS will be given. First t-rize Col-
lection, Fruit, 8 dishes, distinct. £.1 . 3tS Roses, distinct. £8,
Entries close, Julv 17. For Schedules, applv.

JO'HN TAYLER, Trentham, Stoke on-Trent.

ABBEY PARK, LEICKS T E R.
A GRAND FLOWER SHOW and GALA,
will be held iu
the above Park, on TUESDAY', August 6.
Schedules, &c, apply,

J.NO. BURN, Hon. Sec.

QTAMFORD and DISTRICT HORTICUL-

O TURAL SOCIETY'S SHOW, FRIDAY and SATUR-
DAY, August 9 and 10. Special Prizes (open to all) for Roses.
For schedules, &c. apply, ARTHUR WM. EDWARDS, Sec.

ARDENERS' ORPHAN FUND.

THE

ANNUAL DINNER and great gathering of GARDENER3

WILL TAKE PL ICE AT THE

"CANNON STREET HOTEL," CITY, E.C.,

FRlD.iV NEXT, the 19(A in*.

The President, Sir Julian GoLDS.MiD.Ba t , MP., in the Chair.

Tickets 55. each, may be obtained of the Hon. Sec,

A. F. BARRON.
Royal Horticultural Society Gardens, Chiswick, W.

Sow Now.
QUTTONS' FLORISTS' FLOWER SEEDS.—

O Suttous' Perfection Calceolaria. 3s. 6rf. and 5s per packet ;
Sutton's Superb Cineraria, 2s. tirf. and 5s. per packet ; Sutton's
Prize Gloxinia, 2s. rirf. and 5s. per packet; Sutton's Prize
Cyclamen, 2s. tW and 5s. per packet ; Sutton's T'rize Begonia,
2s. lirf. and 5s per packet; Sutton's Superb Primula, 2s. 6d..
3s. 6rf., and 5s. per packet. All Flower Seed- sent free by Post.
Sutton's seeks . enuine onlv Uirect from
SUTTON and SON-. 1'h.- Queens' Seetfimen, HEADING.

"\TAT7vh; PLANTS. FERNS, and SKEDS. ..f

jLl N-w Zealand :-Rannncu us I yalli. R. Kuchiuani. R.
God'eyanu^. Corrlylinis, Clemitis, C'elmisias. Oun-ias &c. —
Ca i besuppheJ in any quantity at ow rates by GEORGE M VT-
THEWS, Nurseryman and Seedsman, Dunedio, New Zealand.

pKI.ML'LAS— PRIMULAS- PRIMULAS.—

-L Twentieth year of distribution. Williams'Superb Strain,
Is. Qd. per dozen, 10*. per 100. CINERARIAS, same price;
alno double white PRIMULAS, 6rf. each. Carriage free for
cash with order.— JOHN STEVKNS. The Nurseries, Coventry.

Dutch Bulbs Direct from the Growers.

ANT. ROOZEN and SON'S CATALOGUE
for 1889, containing details of their immense Collections
of New, Rare, and line Rullis and Plants (86 pages in English)
is now re,dy, and will, as usual, be seut post fiee, on applica-
tion to themselves or iheir Agents.

Mesara MERTENS and CO., 3. Cross Lane, St. Mary-nt-
Hill, London, E.C.

King's Acre Nurseries, near Hereford.

JOHN CRANSTON and CO. beg to announce
that theirsuperb Collection of R' >SES isnow in full bloom.
Inspection invited.

Dutch Bulbs.

HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUSES, &c,
all first-class roots. Prices per 1000 on application to
P. VAN TIL Jz., AND CO., Florists, Hillegom, near Haarlem,
Holland.

HENRY SQUELCH (late Squelch & Barn-
ham) RECEIVES CONSIGNMENTS of good Black
Grapes, Muscats, Cucumbers. Tomatos, and Beans ; also all
kinds of choice Hothouse Flowers. H. Squelch's trade being
especially for First-class Hothouse Produce, and he having a
connection amongst the best Houses in London and Country, is
able to command highest Market Prices. Account Sales fur-
nished daily, and accounts settled weekly, or as desired.

Emptiesaud Labels Supplied. Bankers' and other references.
North Row. Covent Garden Market, W .C.

JW. BARNHAM (late of Squelch &
* Barnham) RECEIVES ON COMMISSION, GRAPES,
TOMATOS, and other Choice FRUITS ; also FLOWERS. His
personal attention seeming highest Market Prices. Account
Sales daily, and cheques at option. Baskets and labels found.
Long Market. Covent Garden. W C.

MESSRS. UUEOOU1 and EVANS,
NURSERVMEN. Sidcup. and 285, 286, 287. 288. Flower
Market, Covent Garden, London, W.C, are open to RECEIVE
CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS iu any quantity
for their Commission Department. Boxes aud Labels supplied.
Telegraph Address — " COMMISSION, SIDCUP."

Surplus Cut Flowers.

HOOPER and CO. (Limited^ RECEIVE and
DISPOSE of any quantity of above at best Market
Prices. Boxes, &c, supplitd. — Address, Commission Depart-
ment. HOOPER AND CO. (Limited), Covent Garden, W.C.

BARTERS' "TESTED"

FOR PRESENT SOWING.

SEEDS

C A B B A G E— CARTERS' HEARTWELL
MARROW, acknowledged to be the finest early Cabbage
in cultivation, price Is. Qi. per ounce, 6d. and Is. per packet,
post-free.

CARTERS' MAMMOTH BEEFHEART, the best main
crop Cabbage, price Is. 6d. per ounce, 6rf. and Is. per packet,
post-free.

T ETTUCE.— CARTERS' GIANT WHITE

M^d COS, price 2s. 6d. per ounce, 6rf. and Is. per packet,
po-t-free.

DUNNETT'S GIANT WINTER COS, price 2s. <6d. per ounce,
&d. and Is. per packet, post free.

ALL THE YEAR ROUND, price la. 3d. per oun'e. 6d. per
parket. post-free.

ON IO N.— CARTERS' GULDEN GLUliE
TRIPOLI, pric- Is. and 2s. lid. per packet, post free.
CARTEKS' GIANT WHITE TKIPOLI, price Is. per ouuee ;
rjfi. per packet, post-free.

CARTERS' WHITE EMPEROR, nrice Is. and 2s. id. per
packet, post-free.

A RT EllS', Royal Seedsmen by ,-ealed
Warrants, 237 and 38 HIGH HotBiKN. LONDON.

Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocus, LilUs, &o
/ 1 G. VAN TUBEKGEN, Jun., Haarlem,

\Jm Ho Isnd. — Wholesale CATALOGUE nuw ready, ani
ma> b- hail free on application to

Messrs. R. SILBERRAD A>D SON,
Crutched Friars. London, E.C

25, Savage Gardens,

BAKU'S CATALOGUES

Free on application.
Lint of Autumn-flowering Crocus and Meadow Saffron.
Daffodil Catalogue, Illustrated, c«<ntaius the only complete
list of these beautiful hnrdy spring Mowers.

Bulb Catalogue of cheap, rare, beautiful hardy bulbs, &c,
for all seasons.

Plant Catalogue of hardy, free-flowering, beautiful perennials
for rlower borders, nnd as cut (lowers.

Seed CATALOGUE, re*dy 1st .Tanna v, 1890.
FARR Avn^nv 13. King Street CVwnt .-ni^, >*\c.

|>OM\X HYACINTHS, NARCISSI s.

IV LILIUMS. TITBEHOSES, and m.nv other FRENCH
BULBS, grown and offered by LOUI^" BRKMONu, tils,
Ollioules, Fr nee.

WHOLESALE LIST o> application to WILLIAM DEN-
MAN 7, Catnerine Street Covent Garden London W.C.

STRAWBERRY RUNNERS for FOIU 1NU.
— Black Prince, Thury, Paxton, President, and other
favourite varieties. Descriptive LIST, with prices, ou appli-
cation. Sample of plants, post-free, lid.

W. LOVEL and SON. Strawberry Planters, Driffield.

LAXTON'S NEW STRAWBERRIES
Must be grown by all.
De-criptive LIST, with prices of "Latest of All" (new,
1*»9), "Noble," "A. F. Barron," " Commanaer," &c, now
ready. Six Kirst-clas* Certificates.

THOMAS LAXTON. Seed Grower. Bedford.

SULPHIDE of POTASSIUM (Hams).— A

O certain cure for Mildew on Plants, Red Spider, Aphis,
&c. Enough to make 32 gallons of solution, free for Is. 3d.
The only kind to use is " Harris's specially prepared Sulphide
of Potassium." Sole Manufacturers : —
PHILIP HARRIS AND CO. ^Limited). 9. Bull RinK.Rirroinirham.

HOMSON'S IMPROVED VINE and PEANT

Every bag and tin has our name on it. To be had of all Nursery

and Seedsmen, and dirert from us. t cwt. and over carr a«e

paid. London Agent— Mr. GEORGE. IU. Victoria Road. Putney.

WM. THOMSON and SONS. Clovenfords. G»ila«hiel«. N.K.

CHRYSANTHEMUM CULTURE.—

\^J Standen's Manure, admitted by grower* to be unrivalled

for this purpose ; in tins, \s., 2s. 6rf., bs. 6d., and 10s. 6d. each.

Sold by all Seedsmen.

0 B AC C O PAP E K, Improved aid

only genuinemedicited. The best article for fumigating.
Price Is. 6a. per lb. M*ide up in 2 lb. packets.
DICKSONS (Limit.d). The Royal Seed Warehouse, CHESTER.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 13, 1889.

SALES by AUCTION.

Friday next.

CATTLEYA MENDELII, a tine importation.
ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Messrs. Shuttleworth, Carder & Co. to
SELL by AUCTION at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68,
Cheapside. London, E.C., on FRIDAY NEXT, July 19, at half-
past 12 o'clock, a fine importation of CATTLEYA MENDELII,
together with about 150 Lots of CHOICE ESTABLISHED
ORCHIDS.

On view Morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Special Sale.— Tuesday, July 30.

ORCHIDS IN FLOWER.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
desire to announce that their NEXT SALE of ORCHIDS
in FLOWER will take place as above, for which .they will
be GLAD TO RECEIVE NOTICE OF ENTRIES AS EARLY
AS POSSIBLE.

Acton.

Important to Builders, Florists. Speculators, and others.
An exceedinely CHOICE FREEHOLD ESTATE.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed to SELL by AUCTION, at the Mart. Token-
house Yard, London, E.S., on WEDNESDAY, July 31, at
•2 o'Clock, in one Lot, the VALUABLE FREEHOLD NUR-
SERY or BUILDING ESTATE, known as the Priory Nursery,
Acton Lane, Acton, situate withm a few minutes walk of
Acton, South Acton, Acton Green, and Turnham Green
Railway Stitions.

The Estate comprises an area of about 4 Acres, with 28 well-
built Greenhouses, containing nearly 40,000 feet of Glass,
heated by 9000 feet of Hot- water Piping, Stabling for 4 Horses,
Coach Houses, and Numerous Trade Buildings. The Property
possesses great advantages for being continued as a Nursery,
but the Land is thoroughly ripe for Building Purposes, and,
with the important frontages of 3s3 feet, affords ample scope
for development for Building Purposes. The Subsoil is tine
Sand. Possession will be given on completion of the purchase.

Particulars, with plan, may be had on the Premises; at the
Mart, E.C. ; of Messrs. FORD, LLOYD, BARTLETT AND
MICHELMORE, Solicitors, 4, Bloomsbury Square, W.C. ; of
W. H. HUDSON, Esq.. Solicitor, 1, Furnival's Inn, E.C. ; and
of the Auctioneers and Surveyors, 67 and 68, Cheapside,
London, E.C. ; and Leytonstone.

Special Sale of Orchids In Flower and Bud.

THURSDAY NEXT, July 18, instead of Wednesday,

as previously announced.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUC-
TION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent
Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT, July 18, at half-past
12 o'clock precisely, instead of Wednesday, as previously
announced, a fine COLLECTTION of ORCHIDS in FLOWER
and BUD, comprising Cu'logyne cristata alba, Cattleya Gas-
kelliana alba. C. Schofieldiana, C. Leopoldii, Odontoglossum
Alexandra?, tine varieties; O. Hastilabium Dendrubium nobile
nobilius, Onctdium macranthum, grand specimens ; choice Mas-
devallias. including M. Veitchii granditiora, &c.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Thursday Next.— (Sale No. 7955.)
Fine Imported pieces of DENDROBIUM FINDLEYANUM,
D. AGGREGATUM, and other DENDROBES, Brazilian,
and other ORCHIDS, received direct ; 5000 fresh SEEDS
of SEAFORTHIA ELEGANS, CAPE BULBS, &c.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will include the above
in his SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38,
King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT.
July 18.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

To Nurserymen, Florists, and Others.

SILVER HALL NURSERY, Isleworth, about i acre, com-
prising 10 Houses, well stocked with Cucumbers, Tomatos,
Ferns, &c. ; very fine Azaleas, Solanums, Bouvardias, and
miscellaneous Bedding Plants, Pear Trees, Apple Trees,
Plums. Currants, Gooseberries, &c.

MESSRS. WALPOLE, LEWIN and CO.
will SELL the LEASE and GOODWILL of the above
BUSINESS by AUCTION, at the Mart, Tokenhouse Yard, E.C,
on WEDNESDAY, July 24, 1889, at 1 o'clock precisely.

Particulars and conditions of Sale may be had of J. F.
DA VIES, Esq., Solicitor, 26, Putney Bridge Road, S.W. ; at
the Mart, E.C; on the Premises, and of the Auctioneers,
41 and 41a, Wilton Road, S.W.

A GREAT BARGAIN ! ! ! — Anyone with
Capital desirous of securing a genuine NURSERY
BUSINESS, on particularly advantageous terms should apply
at once to
Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS, 67 and 68, Cheapside, EC.

f~<OR SALE. UPTON NURSERY (Lease-
hold). consisting of six Houses (property of Lessee), and
an Acre of Ground. Terms very easy.

Apply, after 5 o'clock any day, at the Nursery, Upton Lane,
Forest Gate, E.

To clear Ground for Building.

TO BE SOLD, a Semi-circular Iron Roof
CONSERVATORY. 24 by 16 feet ; 4 Open Houses, 60 by
12 feet; Lights, Hot-water Piping, Boiler, large white
A?aleas, Camellias, &c.

W. C\LE, Nursery, Adelaide Road. N.W.

To Florists.

FOR DISPOSAL, Pnst-class PREMISES,
suitable in every way for a High-class Florist's Business.
Goodueigliboiirhnoil. surrounded by gentlemen's resiliences, and
close to two very large college ; almost adjo ning railway sta-
tion. The Premises are in best central pos-tion of the High
Street of a town in Surrey ; has a capital well built Conservatory,
good Garden, Stabling, Coach-house, ani every convenience.
Rent £.'5 per annum. Write for full particulars to-
ff. W., Luff, Stationer, Windsor.

TO BE DISPOSED OF, a Small, Compact
NURSERY, two Greenhouses, four-room Cottage. Rent
£18. Near station on London & North- Western Railway. Apply
Mr. J. H. EVES, House Agent, 120, High Street, Watford.

Florists, Fruiterers, and Nurserymen.
rVO BE SOLD, a small but good BUSINESS,

X with Greenhouse and Pita, heated. Sale Shop just at
station. A few miles out. It is a good chance for a beginner
who well understands garden work, &c. Rent £27. No taxes.
Purchase money would be taken by instalments. Address,
R. T., Mr. Scares, Auctioneer, &.c, Kew Green, S.W.

Home Counties.

Adjacent to important Market Town.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed to LET or SELL a capital FREEHOLD
PROPERTY", comprising with Residence, Cottage, 11 large
Greenhouses, and ample Outbuildings, particularly adapted for
Fruit and Plant Growing. The Premises are well known, and
have gained a great reputation.

Rent and full particulars furnished on application to the
Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C.

Horticulture.

TO BE SOLD or LET by PRIVATE
TREATY, one of the Old-st-established NURSERIES in
the Kingdom, celebrated for Roses and Fruit Trees, delight-
fully situated in one of the best fruit-growing counties in
England, and admirably adapted for fruit growing upon an
extensive scale. The Nurseries and Grounds comprise 79 acres,
2 roods. 14 perches, stocked with the finest collections of Roses,
Fruit Trees, and choice Hardy Trees, having also very exten-
sive ranges of Glasshouses, commodious Buildings and Offices,
HOUSES for Clerks and Foreman, Large DWELLING-
HOUSE, replete with every convenience. Altogether, this is
one of the most desirable Freehold Properties of the kind ever
offered.

Full particulars and order to view on application to 309.
Midland Counties Herald Office, Birmingham. (288-1.)

LET or SOLD, 6-roomed HOUSE, with range
of Greenhouses. 5 minutes from Hanwell Station. More
Land if required.— Apply, E. W. MANTELL, Hanwell, W.

Fonder's End, Middlesex (8 miles from London).

To NURSERYMEN and FLORISTS.

TO BE LET, on Lease, one to twenty acres
of rich MEADOW LAND for 21, 60, or 80 years at £10 to
£12 per acre, with option of Purchasing the Freehold during
the first 9 years.

Apply to A. asd G. GUIVER, Land Agents, Ponder's End,
Middlesex,

THE

GARDENERS' ORPHAN FUND.

NOTICE.

TO BE LET AT ONCE, the STOCK WELL

-L ROAD NURSERY, Stockwell Road, S.W. Main Road.
£.'5 per annum. Miscellaneous Stock.

Terrn-s &c, by applying to S. REACH, as above.

rPO LET, NURSERY and FRUIT GROUNDS.

-I- — Address, J. R., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41,
Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

Surrey Hills.

TO BE LET, a capital COUNTRY-HOUSE
and 4 Acres of picturesque GARDENS and GROUND3
on the hill, at Caterham, 600 feet above sea level. Eleven
Bed and Dressing-rooms, Bath-room, four gcod Reception-
rooms and Offices. Capital Stabling. Personally inspected
by the Agents, and recommended. A complete place, on a
moderate scale, with the advantage of good views and large
cutlay made by two previous occupants.

Mr. ELLIFF, CaUrham; Messrs. DEBENHAM, TEWSON,
FARMER and BRIDGEWATER, 80, Cheapside.E.C. (43,173).

GOOD FLORIST (handsome) SHOP, best
part of Chatham, Plate Glass Front, doing good trade.
Takings £6, £5, to £12 weekly. Genuine. Leaving owing to
bad health. Rent, £60. Let off £30. No reasonable offer
refused.

Apply. FLORIST, 5, Railway Street, Chatham.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

(JOHN COWAN), Limited,

Make SPECIALTIES of the following:—

ORCHIDS, of which they have an immense stock, and they are
constantly receiving fresh importations from various parts
of the world.

ORCHID BASKETS, made of the best Teak and Copper Wire.

COWAN'S PATENT ORCHID POTTERY, which should be

used for all Orchids.

ORCHID PEAT Of best quality Sphagnum MOSS. Best
Wood CHARCOAL.

TEA and Other ROSES In pots. The Company have a
large and splendid stock, all healthy and vigorous.

FERNS, a large and fine stock of the leading kinds.

GRAPE VINES. The Company's Stock is, as usual, unsur-
passed by any in the country. Strong Vines raised from
evesths season, fit for immediate planting.

STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, suitable for table
and other purposes, in great variety.

The Company offer all the above at the lowe t possible
prices. Descriptive PRE E LIST3, post-free, on application to

THE VINEYARD AND NURSERIES,
GARSTON, LIVERPOOL.

ry cTf the ^v^aTlTl e y .

First-class German flowering Crowns.

Any quantity.

H. D A M M A N N, J u n.,

Breslati .

THE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING
of the SUBSCRIBERS to this FUND will be held at the
"CANNON STREET HOTEL," on FRIDAY, July 19th-next,
for the purpose of receiving the Report of the Committee and
the Accounts of the Fund for 1888-9, Electing Officers for the
ensuing year. Amending Rule XII, and for the Election of
Five Children to the benefits of the Fund.

The Chair will be taken at 2 o'Clock precisely, and the
Ballot will close at 4 o'Clock.

The Dinner will be held the same evening at 5 o'Clock.
Tickets, 5s. each.

A. F. BARRON, Honorary Secretary.
Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens,

Chiswick, London, W.
July, 1889.
P.S.— The Voting Papers have all been issued ; any Subscriber
not having received one, is requested to communicate
with the Secretary.

Bouvardia Mrs. Robt. Green.

HB. MAY offers the above new and distinct
• BOUVARDIA; see Coloured Plate and description in
The Garden for March 30. 1889. Also PRESIDENT CLEVE-
LAND, and all the best Double and Single varieties. Plants
in splendid condition for winter flowering.
Price, &c, on application.
Dyson's Lane Nursery, Upper Edmonton. •

YEWS (Golden and Seedling Variegated). —
Now is the time to see these lovely Trees in their
glorious splendour of colour. Nothing can exceed their mag-
nificent beauty, and no place, however small, should be with-
out them. Purchasers are invited to inspect our unrivalled
stock. Come and select your plants for removal next autumn ;
also all kinds of Ornamental Trees in every shade and tint.
ROSES and CLEMATIS in pots in large quantities.

H. LANE and SON, Nurseries, Great Berkhamstead.

pHOICE SUCCULENTS,

\J FOR CARPET BEDDrNG.

ECHEVERIA ME TALLICA, ECHEVERIA AGAVOIDES, 9s.

per dozen. ECHEVERIA CUSPIDATA, 4s. per dozen.
PACHYPHYTUM BRACTEOSUM. 5s. per dozen.
SEMPERVIVUM TABULJEFORME, 6s. per dozen.
KLEINIA REPENS, 3s. per dozen.
ALTERNANTHERAS, of sorts, in pots, good plants, 2s. 6d.

per dozen, 15s. per 100.
IRESIXES. in pots, 2s. tW. per dozen. 15s. per 100.
CENTAUREA CANDIDISSIMA, 3s. per dozen, 20s. per 100.
PE TUNIAS, single, in pots, 2s. per dozen, 12s. per 100.
AGERATIIMS. in pots, 2s. per dozen, 12s. per 100.

CATALOGUE of these and other varieties, and all you want
for a garden, free by post, from

WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham;
10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.

PTERIS CRETICA NOBILIS.— A most dis-
tinct and beautiful crested FERN. First-class Certificates
from Royal Botanic and Royal Horticultural Societies. The
finest stock of Ferns in the trade. Priced LIST on application.
H. B. MAY, Dyson's Lane Nursery, Upper Edmonton.

SAMUEL SHEPPERSON, Florist, Prospect
House, Belper, Derbyshire, begs to offer the following, of
which he has made a specialty for the last 25 years : —

PRIMULAS— PRIMULAS.— Grand premier prize and Covent
Garden strains of the finest new colours, a* pure white, car-
mine, rose-salmon, crimson, spotted, purple, &c. Fine large
trusses, and beautifully fringed flowers. Strong Plants to
bloom well, 1$. $d. per <1oz. ; 4 do/., 5*.; 100, 9s, ; very extra
strong, 2s. per doz. ; 4 doz., Is. ; 8 doz., 125. All carriagefree.

CINERARIAS. — Finest prize strains and latest new colours.
Same price as Primulas. All carriage free.

S. SHEPPERSON, Florist, Belper.

E M S " — " G E M S " ^ " G E M S "

of Choice Stove Plants.

OXERA PULCHELLA — dense clusters, 8 to 10 inches
across, of pure white, funnel-shaped flowers, about 2 inches
long and 1 inch across. Flowers in winter very lasting,
graceful and beautiful. 5s.

SCHUBERTIA GRANDIFLORA— flowers white with de-
lightful, almond-like fragrance, produced in large trusses,
similar to Stephanotis. Excellent for cutting. 2s. Gd, and 3s. 6rf.

STEPHANOTIS FLORIBUNDA— the finest variety in cul-
tivation, and freest bloomer, flowering at every joint, and
blooms in a lower temperature than any other variety we
know. Is., Is. %d,, 2s.6d.t 3s. tW., 5s.; and fine specimens
2ls., 31s. 6rf., and 40s. each.

STIGMAPHYLLUM CILIATUM (Golden Vine) — flowers
rich orange, similar to the lovely Orchid Oncidium flexuosum.
Very distinct. 2s. 6d. each.

TOXICOPHL-EA SPECTABILTS (Winter Sweet) — large
dense sprays of white flowers, sweetly perfumed. Beautiful
winter-flowering plant. 2s. Qd. and 3s. 6d. each.

GLONERA JASMUNIFLORA— one of the most beautiful
whi'e-flowering plants for either cutting or decoration. Blooms
in the winter or early spring, and worthy of"a place in the
most select collection. 2s. tid. and 3s. 6d.

CATALOGUES of these, and all you want for a Garden free,
by post from

WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham;
10 ami 12, Market Street, Manchester.

PALMS. — Leading decorative sorts in many
sizes, great quantities, and iu finest health.
FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Nurseryman, Richmond, Surrey,
and Flower Market, Covent Garden, W.C.

Juli 13, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

A splendid display of ROSES
now in bloom. Inspection in-
vited. Cut Blooms can be
supplied daily

The
Nurseries,

CHESTER.

ROSES

IN
FLOWER.

DIGKSONS,

(.Limited.) '

TO FURNI SHE R S.— A well-stocked

-L CONSERVATORY for Sale. Large Araucaria excelsa,
large Dracicnas, Camellias, Azaleas. Ficus, Ferns, &c.

Apply to Mr. SETTF.RINGTON, Landscape Gardener,
103, Boundary Road, St. John's Wood, N.W.

PASTUPLANTA, the best Artificial Manure.
It enriches the soil with the fertilisers drawn from it by
plants; no unpleasant smell; admirably adapted for all pot
plants. In bags : 112 lb., 19s. ; 56 lb., lis. 3d. ; 28 lb., 6s. 9d, ;
141b., 4s. ; 71b., 2s. 3d. In tins. Is. each. Sole Manufacturers,
PHILIP HARRIS AMD CO.(Limited), 9, BullRing, Birmingham.

ORCHID PEAT, best quality; BROWN
FIBROUS PEAT for Stove and Greenhouse use. RHO-
DODENDRON and AZALEA PEAT. Samples and Prices to
WALKER AND CO.. Farnborough, Hants.

GENUINE GARDEN REQUISITES,
as supplied to the Royal Gardens. All Sacks free.
Cocoa-nut Fibre Refuse, fresh, 1 sack, Is. 3d. ; 10 sacks for
12s. ; 15 for 17s. ; 20 for 20s. ; 30 for 28s. ; 2 ton truck free on
rail, 30s. Best Brown Fibrous Kent Peat, 5s. per sack ; 5 for
22s. Gd.; 10 for 35s. Best Black Peat, 4s. Gd. per sack ; 5 for 20s.
Coarse Bedfords' Sand, Is. Gd. per bushel; 14s. half ton ; 25s.
per ton. Potting Composts, 5s. per sack. Genuine Peruvian
Guano, Crushed Bones, Fertilisers, &c. Fresh Sphagnum
Moss, 2s. Gd. per bushel ; 6s. per sack. Charcoal, 2s. 6a. per
bushel; 8s. per sack. Flower Sticks, painted and unpainted ;
Labels, and Bamboos. Best Raffia, Is. per lb. ; 7 lb. for 5s. Qd.
Pure Leaf Mould, Peat Mould, and Yellow Fibrous Loam, each
Is. per bushel; 3s. per sack. Specialite Tobacco Paper, and
Cloth, Is. per lb. ; 28 lb. for 26s. Mushroom Spawn, best
quality, 4s. per bushel. Russia Mats, 10s. to 18s. per dozen.
Virgin Cork, 28 lb., 5s. Gd.; 56 lb., 10s. ; 1 cwt., 17s. Write
for free Price List.— W. HERBERT and CO., Hop Exchange.
Southwark Street, London, S.E. (near London Bridge).

PEAT FOR ORCHIDS,

CHOICE PLANTS, FERNS, HEATHS, AZALEAS, &c.
EPPS & CO. are now prepared to offer PEAT, as above,
of first-class quality, at lowest prices. Prices on application.
DepOt for HORTICULTURAL SUNDRIES, LOAM, SAND,
LEAF-MOULD, SPHAGNUM, COCOA-FIBRE REFUSE,
CHARCOAL, and ARTIFICIAL MANURES.

PEAT MOSS LITTER.
EPPS & CO., Ringwood, Hants.

Ct»L» fclCiV-H*.

Ujiinih1"

GARDEN
REQUISITES.

Two Prize Medals.

Quality, THE BEST in the Market. (All sacks included.)

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process),
sacks, Is. 4d. each; 10sacks,12s.6d.; 15sacks,17s.6rf., 20sacks,
50s. ; 25 sacks, 24s. ; 30 sacks, 27s. ; 40 sacks, 35s. ; 50 sacks,
40s. ; Truck-load, loose, free on rail, 30s. Limited quantities
of G., special quality, granulated in sacks only, 2s. Gd. each.

GENUINE ORCHID PEAT, 8s. Gd. per sack ; 5 sacks, 40s. ;
BEST BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. per sack ; 5 for 22s. Gd.
BLACK FTBROUS PEAT, 4s. Gd. per sack ; 5 for 20s.
COARSE SILVER SAND, ls.6d. per bushel ; 14s. half ton ;
24s. per ton. Yellow Fibrous Loam, Compost, Leaf and Peat
Mould, Is. per bushel. Tobacco Cloth or Paper, Is. per lb.
Special Manures, Peat-Moss Litter, Crushed Bones, Virgin
Cork, &c, &c. Write for Price List.

Terms strictly Cash with order.
CHUBB, ROUND & CO., West Ferry Road, MillwaU,

London, E. Bankers— Union Bank of London.

GARDEN REQUISITES.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE.

id. per bushel; 100 for 25s. ; truck (loose, about 2 tons),
40s. ; 4-bushel bags, id. each.

LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. Gd. per sack ; 5 sacks,
25s * sacks id each

BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. per sack, 6 sacks, 22j. ; sacks,
id. each.

COARSE SILVER SAND, I>. M. per bushel; 15j. per half
ton ; 26s. per ton, in 2-bushel baps, id. each.

YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAP-
MOULD, Is. per bushel.

SPHAGNUM MOSS, 8s. 6rf. per sack.

MANURES. GARDEN STICKS, VIRGIN CORK, TOBACCO
CLOTH, RUSSIA MATS, &c. Write for Price LIST.—
H. G. SMYTH, F.R.H.S., 21, Goldsmith's Street, Drury
Lane (lately called 17a, Coal Yard), W.C.

TOBACCO PAPER, best quality, Is. per lb. ;
11 lb.. 13s. Do. CLOTH. Is. per lb. ; 14 lb., 13s. Do.
FIBRE, much stronger, and better than Cloth or Paper, Is. per
lb.; 14 lb., 13s. 28 lb. carriage paid to any station. TheTrade
supplied.— PEIRCE and CO., BelvoirRd., St. Andrews, Bristol.

THE NORMAL FERTILISER.

For GREENHOUSE or GARDEN,
p.;,., ._ ' ">• I* lb- 28 lb. 58 lb. 1 cwt.
"Ite • 2s. 3s. 6rf. 5s. 6rf. 9». 14s.

And in 6d. and Is. packets.
To be had of Seedsmen and Florists, or the NORMAL
MANURE COMPANY, Ltd., 121, Bishopsgate Street Within,
E.C., and Farnham Road, Guildford. Usual Trade Discounts.
WholesaIeofMessrs.HURSTAHDSON,152,Houndsditch,London

LEMON OIL INSECTICIDE.—
The best of all preparations for easily, cheaply, and
effectually cleaning Plants from Green-fly, Thrip Scale, Bug,
&c. Follow the directions, and vou will always use it.

Pint, Is. Sd. ; quart, 2s. 9d. ; 'j gallon, 5s. ; 1 gallon, 9s. ; 4
gallons, 34s. Ask your seedsman for it, or apply to

WM. CLIBRAN AND SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham;
10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.

BEESON'S MANURE.— The Best and
Cheapest Fertiliser for all purposes. Write for Circular
containing the Leading Gardeners' and Market Growers'
Reports. Sold in Tins, Is., 2s. 6d., 5s. 6d., and 10s. 6d. each,
or 1 cwt. Bags, sealed, 13s. By all Seedsmen, or apply direct to
W. H. BEESON, Carbrook Bone Mills, Sheffield.

CLIBRANS EUCHARIS MITE KILLER.

A CURE AT LAST FOR THIS DREADFUL PEST.
Eucharis, treated according to the directions, and grown
with ordinary cultural care, become healthy in a short time,
as a trial will convince. Numerous Testimonials.

Prices : — J pint, Is. id. ; 1 pint, 2s. 6rf. ; 1 quart, 4s. id. ;
i gallon, 7s. 6d.; 1 gallon, 12s. id.

Ask your seedsman for it, or apply to
WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham;
10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.

Mealy Bug

Mildew

Scale

Blight

Green Fly

Red Spider

Slugs

Insect Pests

of any

SAFE, SURE, CHEAP, and RELIABLE.

a. the

DEMON"

INSECTICIDE.

The surest, safest, most effective, and
economical Insecticide ever invented for
use alike in the Greenhouse, Flower and
Kitchen Gardens.
1 gallon makes 160 gallons of Insecticide.

On Receipt of Sixpence in Stamps
"■we will post free, to any address, a sample
|-pint tin — a practical trial will speak
louder than words.

Testimonials constantly received.
Prices, delivered free to any address:—
1 pint, Is. Gd. ; 1 quart, 2s. ; ^-gallon, 3s.
1 gallon, 4s. Gd.— tins free. 4 gallons for
8s. — Tin to be returned. Larger quan-
tities at reduced rates. Sole proprietors —
DE1GHTON & CO.

description. > Manufacturing Chemists, BridgHOltll.

BONES !— BONES ! !— BONES ! ! !

Crushed Bones in all sizes for Vine Borders, Lawns, Potting,
Grass Lands, &c. Also BONE MEAL for Poultry Feeding,
GARDEN GUANO, DISSOLVED BONES, Special MANURES
and FERTILIZERS for all purposes.

For Prices, apply to

HARRISON, BARBER & CO. (Limited).

GARRETT LANE. WANDSWORTH. SURREY. S.W.

THE

"PERFECT"

WEED KILLER

Maintains its Superiority over all Rivals

for permanently destroying vegetation on Walks, Carriage
Drives, Ash Tennis Courts, Stonework grown green, «fcc.
Used at Keto Gardens, Royal Horticultural Gardens, <tc, Ac.

COMPLETE SATISFACTION GUARANTEED

to all using Weed Killer bearing our Trade Mark,
■without which none is genuine. Refute Imitations.

Price— Gallon 2/, 5 gal. 1/9, 10 gal. 1/6, 40 gal. 1/4 per gal.

SPECIAL QUOTATIONS FOR QUANTITIES.

Carriage paid 5 gals, and upwards. Trial sample post free.

DISTRIBUTOR for
"Perfect" Weed Killer.

Holds 40 gallons. Wrought -iron,
frame-work neatly painted. Gal-
vanized tubes with tap to regulate
flow. Gives spray 36 ins. wide.
^m*Mm*&W& Price £4 net on rail Glasgow.
Sole Manufacturers: The

HORTICULTURAL & AGRICULTURAL CHEMICAL COY-

Principal Agents : BLACKUY, YOUNG & CO.,
103 HOLM STREET, GLASGOW.

SOLD BY SEEDSMEN AND FLORISTS.

BENTLEY'S
WEED DESTROYER.

Mr. Elworthy, Nettlecombe Court, writes:—
" I have tried two factors, but I rind yours much the most de-
structive." y0I. fun particulars apply to

J. BENTLEY,
CHEMICAL WORKS. BARROW-ON-HUMBER, HULL.

Blight-Blight-Aphis and Blight.

rUCKEKS EUCALYPTUS DISINFECT-
ANT FLUID Destroys these Pests. Is. and 2s. a Bottle.
J. TUCKER and CO., 51, Paddington Street, London, W.

For Destroying Weeds on Garden Walks, Carriage
Drives, Stable Yards, fee, also for Killing
Plantain on Lawns. Saves more than twice
its cost in Labour. No Smell.

One application will keep the Walks clear of Weeds for at
least Twelve Months.

Used in the crystal palace gardens, the Alex-
andra PALACE GROUNDS, the CAMBRIDGE BOTANIC
GARDENS, and many other Public and Private Gardens.

Mr. W. G. Head, Superintendent of the Crystal Palace
Gardens, says : — " We were so satisfied -with your Weed Killer
and its price, that we have used it absolutely. I have every
confidence in recommending it."

Price: — 1 Gallon, 2s. (tin included) ; 5 Gallons, Is.Qd. per
Gallon ; 10 to 20 Gallons, Is. id. per Gallon.

Carriage paid on 10 Gallons and upwards.

Used in the proportion of 1 gallon to 25 gallons of water,
and applied with an ordinary watering can.

Sole Proprietors and Manufacturers — The AGRI-
HORTICULTURAL CHEMICAL COMPANY, Tunbridge,
Kent, and Carlton Street, Bolton, Lancashire.

Sold in London by — HURST & SONS, 152, Hounds-
ditch, E. ; BARR & SON, 12, King Street, Covent
Garden, W.C. ; A. ROBINSON, 8, Leadenhall Street,
E.C. ; and other Nurserymen and Seedsmen.

GISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading
Gardeners since 1859 against Red Spider, Mildew,
Thrips, Green Fly, and other Blight. 1 to 2 ounces to the
gallon of soft- water ; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines
and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake against
American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended
to supersede it. Boxes, Is., 3s., and 10s. Gd.

GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on
wet ground. Boxes, Gd. and Is., from the Trade.
Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY
(Limited), London.

THE

NEW EASY

LAWN MOWER.

Has an open steel
roller.

A man can work a
24-inch machine.

There is no easier
working, no better
finished, no stronger,
no more durable mow » r
in the market.

The Front Roller,
with simple adjust-
ment for regulating
height of cut, enables
the machine to cut
close to the ground,
and to do fine work,
besides adapting.it for
verge cutting.

CUT© 24- INCH LASV-

To be obtained through
all the leading Ironmon-
gers or Seedsmen, or
from the Sole Licensees,

SELIG, SONNENTHAL & CO.

85, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C.

21-OZ. and 15-OZ. Foreign, of above sizes, in boxes of 100 feet

and 200 feet super.
English Glass, cut to buyers' sizes, at lowest prices, delivered

free and sound in the country, in quantity.
" HORTICULTURAL PUTTY." Own Special Manufacture.

GEORGE FAEMILOE & SONS,

Lead, Glass, Oil. and Colour Merchants,

34, St. John Street, West Smlthfleld, London, E.C.

Stock Lists and Prices on application. Please quote Chronicle.

FOR SALE, 1,000,000 yards of Galvanised
WIRE SETTING; 3fi tons of BARB WIRE. 4-point*d.
r inches apart ; 40 tons of Galvanised 7-ply STRAND ; 300 tons
of Solid-drawn STEEL FENCING WIRE. Nos 4 to 8 both
Plain and Galvanised; also Galvanised E\E-BOLTS and
Screwed EYES for Vineries.-Send for Lists i to

THE LONGFORD WIRE CO. (Limited), Warrington.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Jul* 13, 1SS9.

ORCHIDS AND PALMS

The Stock is of such magnitude that, without seeing it, it is not

easy to form an adeq uate conception of its unprecedented extent.

Inspection Invited.

The Glass covers an area of upwards of 300,000 super, feet.

HUGH LOW & CO.,

CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, E.

ROSES

IN
POTS.

UluKuUNu, Nurseries,

(Limited.)

The finest Hybrid, Perpetual,
Tea-scented, and other varieties,
from 15s. to A2s. per dozen.

Catalogue of new varieties on application.

CHESTER.

LAING'S BECONIAS

^- A GREAT SPECIALTY.
NOW IN FULL BLOOM.

Unequalled as a floral display. Visitors are
cordially invited ; free admission. Frequent
trains from the City and West End to Catford
Bridge and Forest Hill Railway Stations.

New and General PLANT CATALOGUE Post-free.

JOHN LAING & SONS,

The Nurseries,

FOREST HILL, LONDON, S.E.
ORCHIDS!

Selection of the above, from Borneo, Manilla
(Philipines), Bangkok, Java, Rangoon (Burmah),
&c, to the extent of £5 and upwards, packed
and shipped (at consignee's risk) on receipt of
order with remittance. Address,

THE ORCHID NURSERY,

UPPER WILKIE ROAD, SINGAPORE.
Special care given In packing.

NEW VARIETIES ALWAYS ON HAND.

ORCHIDS. — Clean, well-grown plants, at low
prices. Specimen Orchids a specialty. Price List free,
JAMES CYPHER, Exotic Nurseries. Cheltenham.

1 1\ VARIETIES of STRAWBERRIES, which

AvJ R. Gilbert considers the cream. They include all the
modern varieties, but the good old Standards are not forgotten.
In pots for forcing, and ordinary hand layers.

Send for R. G.'s STRAWBERRY LIST, where all are
described and priced, with Hints upon Culture. Warranted
true to name.

R. GILBERT, High Park, Stamford.

EAST LOTHIAN INTERMEDIATE STOCKS

THOMAS METHVEN and SONS offer their
choice strain of the ahove. in five varieties, viz , Scarlet,
Purple, White, Crimson, and White Wall-leaved, at Is., 2s.6rf.,
and 5s. each colour. Price to the Trade on application.

By Royal Warrant, Nurserymen and Seedsmen to the
Queen, Edinburgh.

ILIES OF THE VALLEY!

English-grown 1

The best for early forcing, finest large flowers, and superior
in every respect to German crowns- Price per 1000, lO.OuO. to
100,000 on application.

T. JANNOCH, Lily of the Valley Grower by Special Appoint-
ment to H.R.H. The Prince of Wales, Dersingham, King's
Lynn, Norfolk.

PRIMULAS, Double White, 5*. per doz., 355.
per 100. Prices for quantities on application. Terms
cash with order.

TAYLOR and CO..
Nurserymen, Timperley, Cheshire.

Carnation Apricot (Mrs. Reynolds Hole).

HB. MAY offers the above beautiful
• CARNATION. Also all the best Winter Flowering
varieties. The largest stock in the trade.

Priced LIST on application.
Dyson's Lane Nursery, Upper Edmonton.

The Best Present for a Gardener.
INES and VINE CULTURE.

The most complete and exhaustive Treatise on

Grapes and their Culture ever published.

New Edition.

Price 5s., post-free 5s. 6d.

A. F. BARRON, Royal Horticultural Society, Chiswick.

Q(\ AA() CLEMATIS, in Pots, of all the
Ov/^VfVfv finest Double and Single Varieties (some
of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of
every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for
climbing and bedding, from 12s. to 24s. per dozen, strong
plants; extra strong plants, repotted into 5}-inch pots, 2s tfd.
each ; Beauty of Worcester, a magnificent purple, excellent
for bedding, recently sent out by us, reduc-'d price 2s. 6d. each.
Descriptive LIST on application.— RICHARD SMITH a.nd CO.,
Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester.

30 0

, 60

0 „

24 0

. 60

18 0

, 30

0 -.,

24 0

, 15

0 e.vch.

6 0

■ 24

0 „

9 0

, 60

0 „

9 0

, 60

0 „

9 0

, 60

0 „

6 0

, 60

0 „

6 8

, 60

0 „

12 0

, 60

0 „

RHUBARB.— 20,000 large Roots, ten years
old, suitable for forcing. £1 per 100, on rail. Cash with
order. J. J. CLARK, West Brighton, Sussex.

TRADE OFFER OF PALMS, ETC.

ARECA LUTES 6s. Oi. to 24s. Od. p. doz.

„ BAUERII

„ SANDER1I

CORYPHA AUS

CHAM.EROPS E

EUTERPE EDULIS

GENOMA QRAC

KENTIA BEL

„ FOST

LATANIA BOURB

PHCENIX REC

,, RUPICOLA

DRACAENAS, OPHIOPOGON, FICUS, PANDANUS

VEITCHII.

Prices for larger Plants on application. Inspection invited.

WILLIAM ICETON, Putney Park Lane, Putney, S.W. ;
and Flower Market, Covent Garden.

ROSES IN POTS;

all the best New »nd Old English and Foreign
sorts, from 18*. to 36». per dozen.

Descriptive List free on application.

RICHARD SMITH & CO.,

Nurserymen and Seed Merc Hants,
WORCESTER.

FERNS A SPECIALTY.

The finest, most varied, choice, and interesting
Collection in tht* Trade.
1400 species and varieties of Stove, Greenhouse, & Hardy Ferns.
Partially descriptive CATALOGUE free on application.
Illustrated CATALOGUE (No. 21), containing 120 Illustra-
tions, and much valuable information on the Cultivation of
Ferns, Is. Qd. post-free.

W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,

SALE

FERN NURSERY,

MANCHESTER.

5|f?^;.-EA.TENirrYi.t8e;:j

July 13, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

WEBBS'SEEDS

From Rev. H. J. BULL,

Roborough Rectory,
11 Please send me a Is. packet
■ of Emperor Cabbage Seed. All
who have seen it in this neigh-
bourhood agree that they do not
know its equal."

WEBBS' EMPEROR CABBAGE,

6d. and Is. per packet; Is. 6d. per ounce.

per ounce.

EARLY NONPAREIL CABBAGE 8d.

ENFIELD MARKET CABBAGE 6d.

EARLY RAINHAM CABBAGE 9d

RED DUTCH or PICKLING CABBAGE... 9d

ONION. Per packet. Per ounce.
WEBBS' RED GLOBE TRIPOLI ... 6d. ... Is6d.
LARGE FLAT RED TRIPOLI ... 6d. ... 10d

GIANT ROCCA 6d. ... Is. 3d.

WHITE LISBON 8d.

Free by Post or Rail.

Seedtmen hy Royal Warrants to H.M. the Queen
and H.R.H. the Prince of Wales.

WORDSLEY, STOURBRIDGE.
KELWAY & SON

Now is the time to plant : —

PYRETHRUMS, of which we grow 3 acres.
DELPHINIUMS, do. do. 3 ,,

GAILLARDIAS, do. do. 2 ,,

PHLOXES,
PENTSTEMONS.
" The largest collection in the world," for which the highest
awards of the Royal Horticultural and Royal Botanic Societies
of London have been given.

See our MANUAL for 1889, Gratis and Post-free.

LANGPOBT, SOMERSET.

PALMS AND FOLIAGE.

SPECIALTIES.

An immense Stock always on hand of the leading varieties,
in finest possible condition. ARECAS. CHAM.5EROPS. CORY-
PHAS. COCbS, KENTIAS. LATANIAS, SEAFORTHIAS.
PHCENIX, FICUS ELASTICA, ARALIAS. A very large Stock
of extra-sized plants of the above varieties, from 6 to 12 feet.

WILLIAM ICETON, Putney Park Lane, Putney; and 11'9 &
130, Covent Garden Flower Market.

PRIZE MEDAL

LAWN GRASS
SEED.

SPECIAL MIXTURES
For Lawns, Croquet and Tennis Greens,
Cricket Grounds, Ornamental Parks,
Cemeteries, &c.

We have pleasure in stating that we were awarded, at the
Newcastle Exhibition, 1887, THE ONLY SILVER MEDAL,
for the superior and genuine qualities o, our Lawn Grass.

Our Special Mixture per lb.. Is. ; per bush., 20S.

Extra fine, suitable for Tennis I l a 4d 25s

Courts and Bowling Greens ) ■ i> ■"»■ ™- •• ««"■•

ORCHID EXHIBITION.

One of the most beautiful sights
in London.

QRG

V Wll

_HIDS«— The Orchid Exhibition at Mr.
William Bull's Establishment for New and Rare
Plants, 536, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W., now
open, 10 to 6 o'Clock. Admission, 2s. Qd.

/*iRCHIDS«— -A- vision of loveliness unpa-

V/ ralleled in Europe.

/ORCHIDS-— "A scene of the greatest Orchidic
^■^ beauty, baffling description, and defying exaggeration."

WILLIAM FELL & CO.,

ROYAL SEED and NURSERY ESTABLISHMENT,
HEXHAM, NORTHUMBERLAND.

CUTBUSH'S MILL-
track MUSHROOM SPAWN.
—Too well known to require descrip-
tion. Price, 6*. per bushel (Is. extra
per bushel for package), or 64. per
cake ; free by parcel post. Is.

None genuine unless in sealed pack-
ages and printed cultural directions
enclosed, with our signature attached.

WM. CUTBUSH A*rn SON.
Nurserymen and Beed Merchants.

KAFFKARIAN PALM. — Fresh Seeds in
July of PHCENIX RECLINATA.
Apply to Messrs. HDRST AND SON. JS2, Houndsditch. E. ;
or to J. O. NELSON, Cambridge Nurseries, Kaifraria. South
Africa. Nurserymen'! CATALOGUES desired.

FCHIDS. — The Exhibition is worth going

any distance to see at Mr. William Bull's Establish-
ment for New and Rare Plants, 536, Kiug's Road,
Chelsea, London, S.W.

NEW PLANTS for 1889

MR. WILLIAM BULL'S
NEW CATALOGUE FOR 1889,

Now Ready, Price Is.

Containing Names. Descriptions, and Prices of many beautiful
New Plants offered for the first time.

WILLIAM BULL, F.L.S.,

Establishment for New and Kare Plants,

536, KING'S ROAD, CHELSEA, S.W.

Great Reduction in the Price oj

STAMEN'S MANURE

Established nearly 30 years.

The reduction has been effected
through the introduction of increased
andimproved plant for manufacturing.

It is now generally acknowledged that this
highly concentrated Manure exceeds all others
in general fertilising properties and staying
powers, thus rendering its money value at least
double that of any other Manure.

It promotes a rapid, healthy, and robust growth
to plants generally.

It is a clean and dry powder, with very little
smell.

It is consequently particularly adaptable for
Amateurs equally with Nurserymen.

Sold in Tins of increased sizes :—

6d., 1/-, 2/6, 5/6, and 10/6 each ;

and in Kegs (free), at the following greatly
reduced prices : —

28 lb., 10 6 ; 56 lb., 18 - ; 112 lb., 32 - each.

SOLE MANUFACTURERS:

CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER & CO., Ltd,,

TTNSBURY STREET, LONDON, E.G.
Sold bi/ all Nvrsi>r>imen, Sepd»r»en, anil Fhrintn,

As a Supplement

TO THE

Gardeners' Chronicle

FOR

Next Week, July 20,

WILL BE

Published an Ink Photograph

OF A

VIEW in the HARDY FERNERY,

L UTON BO O.

THE

SATURDAY, JULY 13, 1889.

THE MULBERRY, AND ITS IN-
TRODUCTION INTO ENGLAND.

CONSIDERABLE uncertainty exists as to
the first introduction of the Mulberry,
black or white, into England. The evidence
put forward by Canon Ellacombe {Plant-lore
of Shakespeare, pp. 128, 129), in favour of
some early date, is hardly satisfactory. The
Anglo-Saxon drink "morat" is at least as likely
to have been flavoured with Blackberries (the
fruit of Rubus fruticosus) as with Mulberries.
Archbishop JElfric's morns vel rubus, mor-beam
look suspiciously like a scholar's translation of a
foreign word for a foreign thing, not to speak
of the admitted facts that morum was used for
both fruits by classical writers, and that ^Elfrio
himself elsewhere writes flavi vel mori, blace-
berian. As for Spenser's " fruit that dewes the
poet's braine," the least acquaintance with his
poems, shows that he owed next to nothing to
observation of Nature, his epithets and imagery
being almost entirely borrowed from the Latin
poets. Lyte's Herbal, though early, is nearly a
literal translation from the Dutch of Dodoens,
and any local allusions it contains refer to
Holland, not to England.

On the other hand, Loudon in his Arboretum
(1835), admitting the difficulty of disentangling
its history from that of the white Mulberry, says
that the black Mulberry was first brought to
England in 1548, when some trees were planted
at Syon by William Turner, "the father of
English botany ; " though others say that one
planted at Lambeth by Cardinal Pole, 1555, was
the first. Shakspeare's at New Place, Stratford,
was not planted till 1609, four years after the
royal edict recommending the sowing of Mul-
berry seed and cultivation of silk worms. In
1835, the largest white Mulberry trees were at
Syon, where one covered with fruit every year,
was 45 feet high ; 1 foot 10 inches in diameter of
trunk, and 59 feet in that of head. The largest
black Mulberry was then at Earl Spenser's at
Battersea, 300 years old (probably only an esti-
mate), from 30 to 40 feet high. "0 feet by 60 feet

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 13, 1889.

in diameter of head, and with 14 trunks,
averaging about 1 foot in diameter at 1 foot
from the ground. The oldest, however, Loudon
states to be that at Syon, and of which he gives
a woodcut, Arboretum et Fruticetum, p. 1345.
This tree was 22 feet high, and he adds there is
another 28 feet high, 3 feet 3 inches in diameter
of trunk, and 57 feet in that of head, at
the same place. This latter may be the
fine old tree at Syon Lodge, now in the
occupation of G. Manville Fenn, Esq. Now
William Turner was born between 1510 — 15,
was a friend of Ridley and Latimer, suffered
imprisonment and banishment, travelling long
in Italy and Germany, until the death of
Henry VIII. He then became iu succession
Prebendary of York (1550), and Dean of Wells
(1551), and after a second banishment and re-
instatement, died in London, in 1568. In 1548
he was acting as physician to his patron, the
Protector Somerset, at Syon, and had apparently
a garden of his own at Kew. He dates the
dedication to Somerset of his Names of Herbes,
' From your grace's house at Syon, anno dom.
mcccccxlviij, Martii xv." In his previous botani-
cal work, Libellus de re herbaria (1538), there is
merely the entry : " Morus a Mulbery tre.
Morum the Mulbery." In the Names of Herbes
he says : " Morus is called in greeke morea, in
english a mulbery tree, in duch maulberbaum,
in french murier, it groweth in diverse gardines
in Englande." Gerard enumerates both Morus
alba and Morus rubra as growing in his garden
in Holborn, in 1506, but this is nearly half-a-
century after Turner's stay at Syon.

On the whole, the Mulberry may have been
in England long before Turner. There is nothing
but tradition in favour of its introduction by
him, but the probability is strongly in favour
of his having planted the Syon trees, or some of
them. G. S, Boulger.

New or Noteworthy Plants.

ORNITHOGALUM (CATHISSA) APERTI-
FLORUM, Baker, n. sp*

This is a new species of Ornithogalum allied to
O. narbonense and O. pyrenaicum. It flowered at
Kew for the first time in May. We received the
bulb from Herr Max Leichtlin in 1887. It is an
oriental species, but the exact locality is uncertain.

Bulb middle sized, ovoid. Leaves five to a bulb,
fleshy, linear, glabrous, half-a-foot long at the flower-
ing time, \ to | inch broad, subglaucous, not clasping
the base of the stem, furnished with a distinct white
cartilaginous edge. Scape slender, terete, 8 — '.)
inches long. Raceme lax, as long as the scape,
nearly 4 inches in diameter, lower pedicels patent,
lj inches long; upper much shorter, bracts small,
lanceolate. Expanded flower, J inch in diameter;
segments spreading widely, oblong, -J- inch long,
greenish-white, with a broad green keel. Stamens
ith inch long ; filaments all lanceolate, ovary green,
globose ; style, l-16th inch long. J. G. Baker.

Fhitillabia (Monocodon) hehicatjlis, Baker, », sp:\

This also was received from Herr Max Leichtlin.
It was collected by Sintenis in the month of April of

* Ornithogahim (Cathissa) apertiflorum. Baker, n. sp. —
Bulbo ovoideo; folns linearibus semipedalibus haud vittatis;
peduDCulo gracili terett rii pedali , floribus multie iu racenium
laxum elongatum dispositis, pedicellis flore 3—4 plo longi-
onb lis inferioribus patulis ; braeteis lanceolatis parvis ; peri-
anthii segmentis oblongis, albidis parvulis late viridi — vittatis
flore expanso patulis ; staminibus perianthio duplo brevioribus
filamentis lanceolatis; stylo brevi. /. G. Baker.

t Fritillaria (Monocodon) hericamix, Baker, n. sp. — Guilt
brevi monocepbalo ; foliis 4 alternis inSmo oblongo reliquis
lanceolatis; flore cernuo ; segmentis oblongis glauctsatro-pur-
pureis obscure forveolatis; staminibus flore vix brevioribus,
antberis cblongis ; o<-ario cylindrico, stylo exserto apire
tricuspirHto. /. O. 'Baker.

the present year, on the Chodohadur Dagh, in Asia
Minor. Its near ally is F, armena, Bot. Mag., t.
6365.

Whole plant 4 — 5 inches high ; stem one-headed,
bearing four erect alternate sessile leaves, the lowest
oblong, obtuse, 2 inches long, the others lanceolate
flower very cernuous, k to £ inch long ; segments
oblong, dark purple, glaucous, not at all tessellated,
obscurely forveolate. Stamens nearly as long as the
perianth ; anthers oblong ; ovary cylindrical, \ inch
long ; style protruded beyond the tip of the perianth-
segments, three-cleft at the tip. J. G. Baker.

Odontoglossum HARRTANtrai vae. flavescens, n. var.

The other day a remarkable and very handsome
variety of Odontoglossum Harryanum was sent to
Kew by Alfred Wilson, Esq., of Westbrook, near
Sheffield, in whicli every trace of markings had dis-
appeared, leaving the flower of brilliant yellow
colour. The sepals are deep yellow, the petals
similar, but with white veins near the base, the lip pale
primrose, with base and crest deep yellow. It was
obtained from Messrs. James Backhouse & Son, of
York, and is a very beautiful and distinct variety.
Mr. Wilson remarks that he has not seen one like
it before ; nor have I. R. A. Bo/fe, Herbarium, Kew.

Cattleya intbicata x, Bchb.f.

When compiling the " List of Cattleyas," I had
not seen this plant, which wa3 described as a
supposed natural hybrid between Cattleya inter-
media and Lselia elegans. The pollen wa9 said to
be that of a Cattleya, the habit that of C. inter-
media, the narrow segments like those of that species,
and of the lightest white-rose in colour, the lip like
that of Lcelia elegans picta, but that the sharp-angled
long side lacinia: were white. Feeling at a loss how
to account for such a combination of characters with
such a parentage, I remarked — " May it not be a form
of C. intermedia ? " It now appears that Mr. Low's
original and only plant passed into the collection of
H. Little, Esq., of Twickenham, and that gentleman
has very kindly sent a raceme, with pseudobulb and
leaves, to Kew for preservation. It differs from the
original description in two important particulars.
The side-lobes of the lip are not white, but
suffused with light rosy-purple, and the sepals and
petals are very distinctly suffused with that peculiar
yellowish-brown colour seen in some of the forms of
Cattleya guttata. There are also numerous spots of
light brown and of rosy-purple. The change may
have come about as the plant became established in
cultivation, but in any case it cannot be explained
away, for this is the original and only plant, and
there can be no doubt of its authenticity. As to
the parentage. First there is not the slightest
trace of the small pollinia seen in Lailia elegans,
and in one or two hybrids partly derived from it,
so that may be dismissed as highly improbable.
The habit of the plant, and the shape of the sepals and
petals, are so much like those of C. intermedia that
I have little doubt it was one of the parents, and,
from what is known of artificial hybrids, I should
judge the seed-parent. On the other hand, the
details of the lip, as well as its colour, and that of
the sepals and petals, point as unmistakably to one
of the forms of C. guttata, as the other parent — ■
possibly the variety Leopoldi. This would also
account for the purely Cattleyoid pollinia; Cattleya
flaveolax and C. picturata x , are artificial hybrids
from the same two species, while C. scitax is a
natural hybrid believed to have the same parentage.
All may differ in colour, and yet have been derived
from the same two species, for C. guttata is very
variable in colour. Will the present possessors of
these plants be good enough to send to Kew a speci-
men for preservation ? R. A. Bo/fe.

MOTTO FOR A Sun DIAL.— From Garden and
Forest, we take the following: —

" I am a shade

A shadowe too art thou,

I mark the time,

Say, gossip, dost thou so ? "

POPPIES.

(Continued from vol. v., p. 775.)

The Horned Poppy, Glaucium flavum, has deeply
cut leaves of a glaucous hue, the under surface thickly
covered with short white hairs. The plant is a free
grower, and fairly ornamental, even when not in
flower. Its yellow flowers are borne on stems about
2 feet in height, and are succeeded by long curved
seed-pods, a foot or so in length, giving the plant a
singular appearance. It is fairly hardy, and in
favoured situations it is perennial, although generally
giving most satisfaction when treated as a bien-
nial, and planted in a somewhat moist and shel-
tered position. Another distinct Glaucium, is G.
Fischeri, of dwarfer habit than G. flavum, and more
strictly perennial. It has reddish-orange coloured
flowers, which are yellowish-white at the base of the
petals, and the plant is a fairly continuous bloomer,
and although it is but a form of flavum, it may be
regarded as an improvement on that species. A
similar plant, but of annual duration, is G. tricolor —
which has crimson flowers, with a black spot at the
base of the petals. Sold under this name — as a
novelty by W. Thompson, of Ipswich — it is evidently
synonymous with G. phceniceum, or corniculatum as
it is sometimes called.

Meconopsis cambrica, the Welsh Poppy, is a neat
free-flowering perennial, well adapted for rockeries,
its thick, fleshy rootstock being capable of with-
standinggreat variations of temperature and moisture.
Its yellow flowers appear on long peduncles during
the summer months, and rise about 6 inches above
the dense tuft of pinnate, stalked, pea-green leaves.
It seeds abundantly, and the seedlings in most cases
take good care of themselves.

M. nepalensis is a much more stately plant, with
golden-yellow flowers about 3 inches across ; but it
is not nearly so hardy as M. cambrica, and at the best
it is but a biennial.

The Himalayan M. Wallichi, with its large pale
blue flowers, is a charming species. This plant has
distinctly ornamental foliage, the leaves being about
a foot long, deeply cut, and thickly covered on the
under surface, and stalks with rather long rusty-
coloured hairs, giving the whole plant that hue. It
is of perennial duration in warm places. Other species
have been introduced, and when these are obtain-
able they will be found worthy of cultivation. Another
Himalayan plant, Cathcartia villosa, the specific name
of which refers to the soft yellow hairs with which the
plant is covered, is a compact-growing perennial,
producing in early summer drooping yellow flowers
at the apex of its leafy flower-stems. The radical
leaves are stalked, somewhat palmate, and broadly
lobed and toothed. This species, and the two pre-
viously named, seem to thrive in slightly shaded and
sheltered situations.

The prickly Poppies, Argemone, have glaucous
prickly foliage, and usually white-flowers. All are
annuals with the exception of A. grandiflora, which,
in favoured positions, is perennial. A. grandiflora is
perhaps the best of them, and may be raised by
seeds sown under glass, and planted out-of-doors
early in the season, when it will soon begin to flower.
A. albiflora and A. hirsuta, both white, and A.
mexicana, yellow, are the best of the others. The
best treatment for these Argemones is the one
adopted for half-hardy annuals, and where they can
be put out in little colonies they are very effective
plants, their sinuate, glaucous, prickly foliage being
dissimilar to that of most other garden plants. Their
average height is 2 feet, and if they are grown as
advised, staking will be unnecessary.

Bocconia cordata, the plume Poppy, is in several
respects very different from the ordinary run of the
Poppy family, and although the individual flowers are
small and unattractive, yet the whole inflorescence,
a large terminal panicle of flowers, has, on well-
grown plants, a graceful effect. The plant is seen
to most advantage when grown in small masses, and
is well suited for filling small beds on the lawn or
along the margins of- shrubberies. The foliage is,
perhaps, the most ornamental part of the plant, as

July 13, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

the stems, which grow about 4 feet high, are well-
clothed with ovate-cordate, broadly lobed, glaucous
leaves, the underside silvery white, and the petioles
and stems densely covered with a whitish, waxy
bloom. It is easily raised from seeds, and may be
freely propagated by division or cuttings. We have
seen it used with excellent effect, planted in groups
on the bank of a lake. Botanically, the plant is
anomalous, in Papaveraceaa, having only one-seeded
capsules, and without the showy petals common to
the order.

Eschscholtzia (Californian Poppy), a genus of
well-known showy, hardy annuals, of which there
are now at least half-a-dozen distinct colours, vary-
ing from orange, orange-crimson, white, saffron, to
rose-carmine ; there are also double white and
yellow forms — all are good, and to ensure the best
results, seeds should be sown in autumn ; they then
become well established before winter, and flower
early next summer. Any good garden soil will suit
them, and in ordinary seasons they seed freely — that
is, in places where they can be left pretty much to
themselves, as in the margins of shrubberies, and
they will therefore for some time take care of them-
selves.

Another Californian plant, Platystemon califor-
nicus, is a beautiful dwarf trailing subject, producing
an abundance of sulphur-yellow-coloured flowers.
It succeeds under similar treatment as Esch-
scholtzia.

Romneya Coulteri is a Californian plant, with
large white flowers, that requires protection in
winter, and a sunny yet sheltered position. Another
similar, but dwarfer, and yellow- flowered Mexican-
plant is Hunnemannia fumarisefolia — two interesting
Poppyworts, but only worthy of a place where rare
things are appreciated. F. E.

WADDESDON MANOB.

There is a natural beauty in the extensive gardens
and pleasure grounds of Baron Ferdinand de Roths-
child's noble estate, near Aylesbury, a beauty which
has been developed to the very highest by the arts
of the landscape gardener at every point. From the
elevated plateau on which the maasion stands some
of the most beautiful views in the country are com-
manded, and the devious and carefully arranged
walks in the grounds reveal different gardens,
each distinct but all in harmony, a result which
the clever planting of the whole of the grounds in
clumps and groups of the same kind does much to
secure. By planting in this manner, each thing,
whether flowering Weigelas, Rhododendrons, Es-
callonias, Philadelphus, double and scarlet Thorns,
or whatever it may be, appears to make its indivi-
viduality distinct, which is not the case where mixed
planting one and one is carried out, as it too often is.
The effect of planting in groups brings out some fine
effects in the Waddesdon gardens -notably in the
case of the silvery-leaved Sea Buckthorn, the mingled
white variegated Acers and Copper Beech, and the
noble clumps of Pampas-grass.. Passing by the
aviaries, with the flower garden in front, we come to
the new winding walks over the hill side, commanding
views of Westcott and Wootton, which have extended
the garden in a pleasant direction, and opened up a
prospect only to be excelled by that on the other
side over the vale of Aylesbury. There is plenty of
flower in every part of the gardens. The view from
the terrace over the main flower garden, with its
basins of white marble and colossal statuary of the
«ame material, being especially brilliant with the
rich scarlet of Henry Jacoby Pelargonium, the pink
of Pelargonium Mrs. Lever, and other effective
flowers worked in with variegated foliage, among
which the P. Flower of Spring employed amounts to
over 8000 plants.

The massive rockerie9 are beautiful in themselves,
and afford some pleasant nooks, and the lower flower
garden near the plant houses is a rich sight of lovely
flowers ; its approaches are bordered on either hand
with Roses— not mixed, but in groups of the leading
kinds, and especially those suitable for cutting,

among which La France, Marquise de Castellane,
Merveille de Lyon, Perle d'Or, and Madame Gabriel
Luizet are favourites. The centre design with
double dwarf Tropoeolums and Vi:>las in a ground-
work of Antennaria is very effective, and the long
borders of Violas in panels on white. Antennaria
are equally so. In the side walks Carnations, Roses,
and other flowers are in profusion.

The Houses.

The main block of these consists of some fifty
divisions, the more central being the loftier. The
side ones are devoted to the production of flowers to
keep the central ones gay, while they themselves
still contain plenty of objects of interest and beauty.
Even this large block was not found sufficient for
the extensive stocks required for bedding, and for the
accommodation of such things, as well as Tomatos
and other plant3, a new block of houses and ten
ranges of pits have been added, making the already
" big handful " which Mr. Jaques so ably manages
a still greater tax on his acknowledged skill and
resources. The centre of attraction is at present
in the Orchid-houses, whose approaches are arranged
with rockeries on each side in place of staging, the
bays in them being grouped in masses with Pelar-
goniums in flower, with white Lilies behind, alter-
nating with groups of Coleus or Caladium, with
flowering Achimenes, then Malmaison Carnations,
with Maidenhair, groups of scarlet Anthuriums, a
bank of the fine old Medinilla magnifica, another of
the stately Strelitzia regina;, and so forth ; the roof
covered with climbing plants, and the centre, from
which the Orchid-houses diverge, being lofty and
planted with noble Tree Ferns, Palms, Cycads, &c,
the ground carpeted with close-growing Selagiuella,
and the back occupied by a massive rockery clad with
Bamboos, Aroids, Fern?, &c, among which runs a
waterfall — certainly not an insignificant affair, such
as is often seen under glass, but if anything too
realistic and noisy. Beneath is a rocky cavern,
which is well in keeping with the general idea of
this imitation of a natural tropical scene.

The first of the ranges of cool Orchid-houses is
resplendent with scores of fine spikes of Odonto-
glossum crispum, artistically mingled with rich
crimson Masdevallia Harryana and many fine 0.
Pescatorei, with alternating batches of orange-
coloured Epidendrum vitelinum, the rocky sides of
the stages being faced with Maidenhair, and creeping
Tradescantia depending from above. The next
division contains plants of a similar class in bud,
and another cool-house has a great show of Masde-
vallias, among which in bloom were M. micrura,
M. rosea, many M. chimasra, M. Roezlii, &:., with
occasional plants of Oncidium cucullatum, O.
macranthum, and Odontoglossum Uro Skinnerii.
The Cattleya-houses are a grand sight with the
flowers of C. Mmdelii, C. gigas, C. Gnkelliani,
&c, with some well-fliwerel O lontoglossum citros-
mum, some large specimens of Cymbidium Lowianum,
various Cypripedinms, and a well-flowered batch of
the beautiful but not free-growing Dendrobium
McCarthin?. Another house is filled with Vanda
teres in flower, and V. Hookeriana in bud ; here the
record of V. teres is beaten by a spike of seventeen
flowers. The growing Dendrobes are thriving well,
suspended from the roof of a warm-house, in which
the bed and staging is beautified by the rich spathes
of Anthnrium Ferrieriense X , and other Anthuriums ;
the Phalscnopsis occupying a similar position in a
house with foliage plants, among the Phal.tnopsis
being some fine plants of Utricularia montana in
bloom. In other houses, batches of Vanda Kim-
balliana, V. Amesiana, and other good new things,
are doing excellently, and it may ba said that never
have the Waddesdon Orchids been in such good
condition, or produced such a fine display of bloom.

In the side-houses we come to a whole houseful
of Carnation Souvenir de la Malmaison, and another
of perpetual-blooming kiuds ; a house of interesting
and beautiful Bromeliads, with flowering Ach-
imenes ; a batch of the soft pink Justices carnea ; a
houseful of Veitch's strain of Gloxinias. Pelar-

goniums, and in more or less quantity, all the
things usually denominated decorative, among which
not the least so is a curious series of Japanese Fern
designs, worked in Davallia Mariesii, to imitate
houses, lanterns, boats, &c, all very beautiful, covered
with the. elegant frondage of the Fern, which shapes
the design.

Fruit-houses.

The extensive fruit ranges are well and heavily
cropped. Peaches, Nectarines, &c, are plentiful ;
Figs have been gathered in quantity ever since early
in March; and the five vineries are splendidly
managed, the best house of Muscats being through-
out show bunches ; and the Strawberries, which
have been specially good in pots this year, are being
followed by excellent crops outdoors in the exten-
sive walled-in kitchen garden, which, like all
the rest of the garden at Waddesdon, both in-
doors and out, seems to be always in holiday garb,
although there must be an incalculable amount of
work being carried out at all times by the half-
hundred or so assistants employed in the gardens.
A systematic manner of doing work goes far towards
not causing inconvenience or litter while the work
is going on, and that quality is certainly among tho
many good ones possessed by Mr. Jaques. Visitor.

Trees and Shrubs.

BUDDLEIA GLOBOSA.

This shrub has been very fine in these gardens
this year, it having flowered continuously for a long
time. The favourable weather experienced during
May favoured free growth, which was accompanied
with good foliage and numerous blossoms. The
perfume from the flowers reminds one very much of
honey in the comb. When the weather is continually
wet at the time of flowering, the flowers do not last
long, the moisture causing their quilled corollas
to decay. By planting the bushes in various part3
of the garden, the period of bloom can be much pro-
longed. We have them in east, west, northern and
southern situations, some fully in the sun's rays, and
others on the grass exposed to east winds ; and some
again are partly under tall trees. Some of the plants
die back during the winter more than others, this
Buddleia not being thoroughly hardy ; but no harm is
done by this partial dying-off of the branches, as it
19 a means of prolonging the season of flowering.
Those plants which suffer the most from frost and
winds during the winter being the latest to start into
growth in the spring, and as the blooms are produced
on the current year's growth, the time of flowering
is retarded, as more growth is made by p'ants badly
hit by frost than by those which escape altogether ;
therefore, no harm is done by the plants dying back,
even to the ground line, as they sometimes do in
some severe winters. The growth is so rapid in such
cases the following season, that new growth soon
takes the place of that which was destroyed.

We have one plant here, which was planted about
nine years since — qui tea small piece— it now measures
30 feet across, it having been allowed to grow away
at will. This particular plant is sheltered from the
north and east winds, and never dies back, and is in
consequence the first to flower, which it does early
in May in most years, and is past its best before
some others we have planted on the grass, in an
eastern position, have opened their flowers — these
last-named plants always get badly disfigured during
the winter, which, as was said, is the means of pro-
longing their growth in the spring. I had thought,
when planting this Buddleia on the grass, that it
would grow into a fine bush, but such has not been
the result. In a spot with shelter from winds that
blow from north and east, a very fine lawn shrub
would be secured. Buddleia, like many othpr fast-
growing deciduous shrubs, pays for liberal treatment;
still it is the more liable to die back when the growth
is soft, as it is likely to be when growing lux-
uriantly late in the season, and manure is applied
freely to the soil.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 13, 1889.

The plant is easily propagated from cuttings, and
grows freely from seed. The former method of
raising the plants is perhaps the better one, the
plants not becoming tall in their early years.
Cuttings, about 6 inches long, may be taken at the
end of September, and not choosing the strongest
growths, but rather those of medium size, and which
should be cut square across below a joint. Insert in
sandy soil in a cold frame, and make firm, keeping
them close for a time and protected from frost during
the winter. By the following month of May they
will be nicely rooted, and ready to be transplanted
into lines on a west border, or they may be
transferred to their permanent position at once, if
this be not too exposed, otherwise they would be
better on a border of the sort named. A mulching
of manure over the surface will be an advantage. E.
Motyncux, Swanmore Gardens, Bishop's Waltham.

EOSES.

In this season of Rose shows, it is opportune to
put before the general reader the aims which the
professional Rose-grower endeavours to secure. We
cannot do this better than by availing ourselves of
what has been laid down for the purpose by Mr.
William Paul, from whose magistral work, The Rose
Garden, we take the following, availing ourselves at
the same time of some of the illustrations which Mr.
Paul has kindly placed at our disposal. What consti-
tutes a good Rose ? This is what Mr. Paul says in
answer, and no one will venture to question the dictum
of such an expert. The " properties " of a Rose to
which he attaches the greatest importance are : — 1,
habit and constitution ; 2, form of flower ; 3, colour •
4, freedom, constancy, and duration of flowering ; 5,
scent. As to the first point, that is easily appreciated,
and also the fourth. As to the others, there is room
for difference of opinion, as they are, to a large
extent, matters of individual appreciation.

Turning to form, Mr. Paul says a Rose may be
good whetherglobular, cupped, compact, or expanded ;
but of whichever form it may be, the petals should be
thick and smooth, and outline the circular. As all
these requirements are consonant with the natural
tendencies of the flower, and not, as is the case
with some florists' flowers, directly opposed to what
is natural, they will be accepted without question.
The figures, 7, 8, 10, 11, for which we are indebted
to Mr. Paul, will show better than words what
are the ideal forms aimed at.

As to colour, Mr. Paul says, that whatever its shade
or tint, it should be clear and solid, by which, we
presume, he means that it should be definite, and
that the shades should merge one into the
other gradually without abrupt transition or inhar-
monious contrast. The substance of the petal
should be thick, not flimsy, and the surface
either velvety in texture, or more or less smooth
like ivory, as in the case of the Tea Roses. One
point not alluded to by Mr. Paul is, that the colour
should be durable — remain during the expansion of
the flower, and not become faded and " slaty " as
time goes on.

As to perfume, we all know how greatly that
varies, and how much is lost in some modern
Roses by deficiencies in this respect. All these
matters are the result of careful selection and
assiduous cultivation — without these necessary
requirements, perfection cannot even be approached.

Structurally, a Rose consists of a number of
petals — primarily five— more or less over-lapping
at the edges. Naturally they are often more or
lets notched, but in a cultivated Rose the notching
is looked upon as a defect, and would be fatal to the
prospects of a show-Rose. The original number,
is greatly increased in an exhibition Rose, by two
circumstances : first, because the veritable petals are
greatly increased in number ; and next, because a
large proportion of the stamens of the natural flower
are represented by petals, and the aim is to secure that
these supernumerary petals shall be as perfect in
form, and as regular and symmetrical in their arrange-

ment and degree of overlapping as the true petals.
In double Roses, although the stamens are more
or less petaloid, the pistils remain unchanged.
The revolute edges are the result of a certain dis-
proportion in the energy of growth in the upper as
contrasted with the lower surface, the upper surface
growing more freely; the lower, therefore, acts
as a rein or curb, causing the upper and more freely
growing edge to curl over. The texture of the petal
depends not only on its substance or thickness, but
upon the number and degree of prominence of a
number of little conical elevations invisible to the
naked eye, which beset the upper surface, breaking
up the light by innumerable facets, and producing an
effect of what artists call "air."

Much of the appearance of a good Rose is due to
the regularity of arrangement of the central petals,
while a sense of confusion arises if the inner petals
do not accommodate themselves evenly and regularly
one to the other. In some Roses, like Souvenir de
la Malmaison, for instance, there is an appearance
which the Rose-grower knows as " quartering."

plation of these exquisite products of Nature and of
Art. But, so long as men's minds are differently con-
stituted, so long will this difference exist, and, as a
matter of practice, it is better to dwell upon and
accentuate the points of contact than to raise a
question as to the points of difference.

Every one appreciates a Rose, some for 6ome
qualities, some for all, but all agree in their sense
of gratitude for the privilege of possessing so exqui-
site a thing as a Rose. One immense advantage
the naturalist has, or those who look upon a Rose
(it applies to any other flower whatever) from a
naturalist's standpoint, and that is the hope,
nay the evidence of progress and continual advance,
not in one direction only, but in all and every
direction ; in this way not only is the enjoyment
of the present secured, but the history of the
past, and the possibilities and probabilities of
future development of the flower, are alike at his dis-
posal to a degree far beyond what the rosarian who
limits himself more precisely to time present can
dream of.

Fig. 7. — ileai kose : expanded Fosir.

This appearance is interesting to the botanist, as
showing in adult life the original five-fold nature of
the flower. In the very early stage of the flower,
the future stamens are represented by five little
tubercles, but as growth goes on, these five sub-
divide into an infinite number, which become so
arranged that in most cases they obliterate all traces
of the primordial five-fold division. In these days,
when so much attention is paid to the beginnings
of things, and to their ultimate modification, by
gradual change and adaptation of one to another,
these quartered Roses are valued as affording evi-
dence that the Rose as we now see it is, in all
probability, the lineal descendant of some flower
which had only five petals and five stamens. To some
people the beauty and attractiveness ot a Rose are
such, that it seems to them almost a sin to scrutinise
and analyse with a view to find out how all this
beauty has come about. On the other hand, the
naturalist regards it as quite as great and as repre-
hensible a neglect of the powers and oppor-
tunities placed at his disposal not to avail
himself of them — and certainly there can be no
question which of the two classes derives the greatest
amount of pleasure and satisfaction in the contem-

SUCCESSION OF FOREST
GROWTHS. •

It is the prevailing and almost universal belief
that when native forests are destroyed they will be
replaced by other kinds, for the simple reason that
the soil has been impoverished of the constituents
required for the growth of that particular tree or
trees. This I believe to be one of the fallacies
handed down from past ages, taken for granted, and
never questioned. Nowhere does the English Oak
grow better than where it grew when William the
Conqueror found it at the time he invaded Britain.
Where do you find white Pines growing better than in
parts of New England, where this tree has grown
from time immemorial ? Where can you find young
Redwoods growing more thriftily than among their
giant ancestors, nearly or quite as old as the
Christian era ?

The question why the original growth is not re-
produced can best be answered by some illustrations.
When a Pine forest is burned over, both trees and
seeds are destroyed, and as the burned trees cannot
sprout from the stump, like Oaks and many other
trees, the land is left In a condition well suited for

Jcly 13, 1889.]

THE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

the germination ol tree-seeds; but there are no seeds
to germinate. It is an open field for pioneers to
enter, and the seeds which arrive there first have the
right of possession. The Aspen Poplar (Popuius
tremuloidcs) has the advantage over all other trees.
It is a native of all OUT northern forests, from the
Atlantic to the Pacific. Even fires cannot eradicate
it, as it grows in moist as well as dry places, and
sprouts from any part of the root. It is a short-
lived tree, consequently it seeds when quite young,
and seeds abundantly; the seeds are light, almost
infinitesimal, and are carried on wings of down. Its
seeds ripen in spring, and are carried to great dis-
tances at the very time when the ground is in the
best condition for them. Even on the dry mountain
sides in Colorado, the snows are just melting, and
the ground is moist where they fall.

To grow this tree from seed would require the
^greatest skill of the nurseryman, but the burnt land
is its paradise. Wherever you see it on high, dry
land, you may rest assured that a fire has been there.
On land-slides you will not find its seeds gerinina-

carried by birds. The waxwings and cedar-birds
carry seeds of our Tartarian Honeysuckles, purple
Barberries, and many other kinds 4 miles distant,
where we see them spring up on the lake shore,
where these birds fly in flocks to feed on the Juniper
berries. It seems to be the same everywhere. I
found European Mountain Ash trees last summer in
a forest in New Hampshire ; the seed must have
been carried over 2 miles as the crow flies.

While this alternation is going on in the east, and
may have been going on for thousands of years, the
Rocky Mountain district is not so fortunate. When
a forest is burned down in that dry region, it is doubt-
ful if coniferous trees will ever grow again, except in
some localities specially favoured. I have seen
localities where short-lived trees were dying out, and
no others taking their places. Such spots will here-
after take their places above the timber-line, which
seems to me to be a line governed by circumstances
more than by altitude or quality of soil.

There are a few exceptions where Pines will suc-
ceed Pines in a burned-down forest. Pinus Mur-

Fig. 6. — ideal rosk: compact iobm. (ssi i'. 40.)

ting, although they 'have been deposited there as
abundantly as on the burned land.

Next to the Aspen and Poplars comes the Canue
Birch, and further north the Yellow liirch, and such
other trees as have provision for scattering their
-seeds. I have seen acorns and. nuts germinating in
clusters on burned lands in a 'few instances. They
had evidently been buried there by animals, and had
escaped the fires. I have seen the Ked Cherry
(Prunus Pennsylvania) coming up in great quanti-
ties, where they might never have germinated had
not the fires destroyed the dibri? which covered the
-seed too deeply.

A careful examination around the margin of a
burned forest will show the trees of surrounding
kinds working in again. Thus by the time the short-
lived Aspens (and they are very short-lived on high
land) have made a covering on the burned land, the
surrounding kinds will be found re-established in the
new forest, the seeds of the Conifers, carried in
by the winds, the berries by the birds, the nuts
and acorns by the squirrels, the mixture varying
more or le68 from the kinds which grew there before
the fire.

It is wonderful how far the seeds 'of berries are

rayana grow^ up near the timber-line in the Kocky
Mountains. This tree has persistent cones, which
adhere to the trees for many years. I have counted
the cones of sixteen years on one of these trees,
and examined burned forests of this species, where
many of the cones had apparently been bedded in
the earth as the trees fell. The heat had opened the
cones, and the seedlings were growing up in myriads ;
but not a Conifer of any other kind could be seen as
far as the fire had reached.

In the Michigan Peninsula, Northern Wisconsin,
and Minnesota, P. Banksiana, a comparatively
worthless tree, is replacing the valuable Ked Pine
(P. resinosa) ; and in the Sierras, P. Murrayana and
P. tuberculata are replacing the more valuable
species by the same process.

In this case, also, the worthless trees are the
shortest-lived; so we see that Nature is doing all
that she can to remedy the evil. Man only is
reckless, and especially the American man. The
Mexican will cut large limbs off his trees for fuel,
but will spare the tree. Even the poor Indian, when
at the starvation point, stripping the bark from the
Yellow Fine (P. ponderosa) for the mucilaginous
•matter being formed into sap-wood, will never take

a strip wider than one-third the circumference of
the tree, so that its growth may not be injured.

We often read that Oaks are springing up in
destroyed forests where Oaks had never grown before.
The writers are no doubt sincere, but they are care-
less. The only Pine-forests where Oaks are not.
intermixed are either in land so sandy that Oaks
cannot be made to grow on them at all, or so far
north that they are beyond their northern limit. In
the Green Mountains and in the New England
forests, in the Pine-forests in Pennsylvania, in the
Adirondacks, in Wisconsin, and Michigan — except
in sand— I have found Oaks mixed with the Pines
and Spruces. In north-western Minnesota, and in
northern Dakota, the Oaks are near their northern
limit, but even there the Burr Oak drags on a bare
existence among the Pines and Spruces. In the
Black Hills, in Dakota, poor, forlorn, scrubby Burr
Oaks are scattered through the hills among the
Yellow Pines. In Colorado we find them as shrubs
among the Pines and Douglas Spruces. In New
Mexico we find them scattered among the Pinons.
In Arizona they grow like Hazel-bushes among the
Yellow Pines. On the Sierra Nevada the Oak
region crosses the Pine region, and scattering Oaks
reach far up into the mountains. Yet Oak will not
flourish between the one-hundredth meridian and
the eastern base of the Sierras, owing to the aridity
of the climate. I recently found Oaks scattered
among the Redwoods on both sides of the Coast
Kange Mountains.

Darwin has truly said " The Oaks are driving the
Pines to the sands." Wherever the Oak is estab-
lished— and we have seen that it is already estab-
lished wherever it can endure the soil and climate —
there it will remain and keep on advancing. The
Oak produces comparatively few seeds ; where it
produces a hundred, the Ash and Maple will yield a
thousand, the Elm ten thousand, and many other
trees a hundred thousand. The acorn has no pro-
vision for protection and transportation like many
tree-seeds. Many kinds are furnished with wings to
float them on the water, or carry them in the air.
Nearly every tree-seed, except the acorn, has a case
to protect it while growing, either opening and cast-
ing the seeds off to a distance when ripe, or falling
with them to protect them till they begin to germinate.
Even the equally large seeds of other kinds are pro-
tected in some way. The Hickory nut has a hard shell,
which 6hell itself is protected by a strong covering
until ripe. The Black Walnut has both a hard shell
and a fleshy covering. The acorn is the only seed I
can think of which is left by Nature to take care of
itself. It matures without protection, falls heavily
and helplessly to the ground, to be eaten and trodden
on by animals, yet the few which escape and -those
which are trodden under are well able to compete in
the race for life. While the Elm and Maple seeds
are drying up on the surface, the Hickories and the
Walnuts waiting to be cracked, the acorn is at work
with its coat off. It drives its tap-root into the
earth in spite of grass, and brush, and litter. No
matter if it is shaded by forest trees so that the sun
cannot penetrate, it will manage to make a short
stem and a few leaves the first season, enough to
keep life in the root, which will drill in deeper and
deeper. When age or accident removes the tree
which has overshadowed it, then it will assert itself.
Fires may run over the land, destroying almost every-
thing else, the Oak will be killed to the ground, but
it will throw up a new shoot the next spring, the
root will keep enlarging, and when the opportunity
arrives it will make a vigorous growth, in proportion
to the strength of the root, and throw out strong
side roots, and after that care no more for its tap-
root— which has been its only support — than the frog
cares for the tail of the tadpole after it has got on
its own legs.

The Red Cedar (Juniperus virginiana) reaches
from Florida to and beyon i Cape Cod ; it is among
the hills of Tennessee, through the Middle States
and New England. It is scattered through the
Western states and territories, at long distances
apart, creeping up the Platte River in Nebraska.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 13, 1889.

(I found only three in the Black Hills, in Dakota,
in an extended search for the different trees which
grow there. Found only one in a long ramble in
the hills at Las Vegas, New Mexico.) Vet this tree
has crept across the continent, and is found here
and there in a north-westerly direction between the
Platte and the Pacific Coast. It is owing to the
resinous coating which protects its seeds that this
tree is found to-day scattered over that immense
region. Robert Douglas, in " Garden and Forest."

Orchid Notes and Gleanings.

ONCIDIUM SCHLIMII, Linden.

A pretty little Oncidium, belonging to the group
Rostrata, whose peculiarity is to have the rostellum
prolonged into a beak-like appendage. It was de-
scribed in Paxlon's Flower Garden, vol. ii., p. 168, as
coming from Ocna. A specimen sent to Kew for
determination by William Lees, Esq., of Oldham,
came in a batch of Odontoglossum cirrosum,
imported by Mr. J. Charlesworth, of Heaton, near
Bradford. The flowers are bright yellow, barred with
brown, and borne in a compact raceme. It is dis-
tinguished from others of the same group by its
peculiar column-wings, which are deeply bifurcate,
the two arms being extended in a pair of diverging,
narrow and acute lobes. There seems to be a little
variation in these, none of them being quite so long
as in the original specimen. It is occasionally met
with in gardens.

Akrides japonicum.

A specimen of this pretty little Japanese Aiirides
has been sent to Kew by Mr. James O'Brien, of
Harrow, who remarks that it was grown in a Hose-
house ; and from its native country it is evident that
it requires very cool treatment. The flowers are of
the lightest whitish-green, with some purple mark-
ings, and they exhale a powerful aromatic fragrance.
R. A. R.

Oncididm lisgoifoeme, Lindl.

The above almost forgotten plant has re-ap-
peared in the collection of John Watney, Esq., of
Shermanbury House, Reigate, having been sent to
Kew for determination, through Messrs. James Veitch
& Sons ; and a few days later the same gentleman
sent a fine specimen for preservation in the Her-
barium. It is a native of Venezuela, and was de-
scribed by Dr. Lindley, in 1846, from a wild speci-
men collected by Linden. It flowered in the collec-
tion of Sir Philip Egerton, in 1S54, but I have seen
no evidence of its being in cultivation since that
time until the present. The raceme grows to a con-
siderable length, 10 feet or more, and is sparingly
branched ; the flowers being medium-sized, the seg-
ments of a peculiar dull yellow, with a purplish tint
on the face, recalling the peculiar colour of On-
cidium cucullatum var. nubigenum. The lip is
vinous-purple, nearly ovate, but suddenly narrowed
above the middle, apex obtuse. The colours are
rather unusual, and attractive. R. A. Ro/fe, Her-
barium, Kew.

Yellow Denduohiom Wardianum.

On p. 714 of last volume, Mr. O'Brien writes
of a yellow D. Wardianum, which he thinks may be
only an accidental variation. The description he
gives corresponds exactly with a plant now in Mr.
Coming's collection, and obtained from Mr. Bull
under the varietal name of ochroleuca. This plant
and its progeny has flowered for five successive years,
and retains the yellow colour. It is a grand and
distinct variety, and as free-growing as the type.
F. Goldring, Kenwood, U.S.A.

Orchis hirciava (Lizard Orchis).
In Mrs. Brightwen's garden at The Grove, Stan-
more, noted for its noble trees and rare and curious
plants, a fine specimen of this curious Orchis, which
has beeD grown as a pot plant, is now in flower, its

2-inch long brownish-green flowers spotted with
purple at the base, demonstrating the aptness of its
name, Lizard Orchis. Mr. J. W. Odell, the gardener,
has flowered it before in the open ground, but as it
had been doubted whether it could be successfully
grown and flowered in a pot, he grew it as a pot plant,
and found it thrive equally well. The stout flower-
spike is over 1 foot high, and clad for more than half
its length with its curious flowers. The plant is all
the more interesting, because in Britain, at least, it
appears to be almost extinct. J. O'B.

Promencsa stapelioides.
There are few of the smaller-growing Orchids
prettier or more interesting than those belonging to
the genus Promencea, several species of which flower
about this season. The species under notice was intro-
duced from Brazil over forty years ago, but it does
not appear at any time to have been common. Next
to the popular P. citrina, however, it is the most
desirable. The flowers are H inches across, with
the broadly ovate sepals and petals of a bright
greenish yellow ; the petals are prettily marked with
transverse lines of deep purple, the sepals less dis-
tinctly so. This style of colour and marking much
resembles that of some Stapelias, and suggested the
appropriate specific name. The lip is extremely
handsome ; it is three-lobed, the side-lobes being
small and erect, the middle one much larger, spread-
ing, almost orbicular, and of the blackest purple,
except at the margin, where a narrow border of light
green serves to heighten the effect of the dark
centre. This Orchid thrives in an intermediate
house, and should be grown in a shallow pan of
peat-fibre and sphagnum, and suspended near the
glass. It is flowering along with P. citrina now at
Kew. W. B.

Angcloa virgivalis.

All the Anguloas as yet introduced are well
deserving of cultivation. They are extremely hand-
some both in foliage and flower, bloom with great
freedom, and few other Orchids adapt themselves
more readily to artificial treatment. The above
species is one of the rarest, and at the same time one
of the prettiest. It is of similar habit to A. Clowesii,
although scarcely so robust in growth. This Orchid
should be grown in well-drained pots in a compost
of peat and loam, requiring abundance of water
when in full activity. It is a native of Columbia,
and may be now seen flowering at Kew. W. B.

American Notes.

•

THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF
NURSERYMEN.

The fourteenth annual session of the above
Association was held at the Grand Central Hotel,
Chicago, on June 5 and 6, under the presidency of
George A. Sweet, Dansville, N.Y. Each state sent
a delegation with its respective Vice-president.
Nearly 300 Associates were present, and the con-
vention was deemed by them to be a great success,
looked at from all points of view. The principal
objects of the Association are the cultivation of
personal acquaintance with others in the trade,
including those outside the " Union ; " the introduc-
tion of new fruits, labour-saving implements and
appliances, the improvement of transit, obtaining of
reasonable rates for the same, and the prevention of
needless exposure of nursery products when in transit.

An exhibition was held, and included samples of
trees, forest seedlings, new fruits, and implements,
the latter embracing three tree-diggers by different
makers — machines, I believe, quite foreign to the
old country. It was mentioned at the Convention
that such implements produced a saving of labour
of 50 per cent., and that could be used also as root-
pruners, but were not advocated for all standards.
The nature and variety of the trees would exercise
considerable weight in the selection of a machine.

Papers of vital interest to nurserymen were
read, two of these being on the nursery out-

look respectively in England, France, and Russia,
by Wm. Fell & Son, Hexham, England ; E. T.
Dickenson, Chatenay, France ; and Leo Weltz,
Wilmington, Ohio. Some idea may be given as to
the great value of the work being carried out by the
Association, when it is stated that the Committee on
Transportation, with the Hon. S. M. Emery, Lake
City, Minnesota, as chairman, secured a new classifi-
cation, estimated to save the trade 50,000 dols. per
annum. Charles A. Green, Rochester, N.Y., is the
able and energetic secretary. From our New lork
Correspondent.

ROSA BERBERIDIFOLIA.

" M. T. M." was under a mistake when he said, about
Rosa berberidifolia, " Mr. Ewbank tells us that he has
not been able to keep it more than a year or two,"
see ante , p. 8. The very contrary of this is the case,
and " M. T. M." must have misunderstood something
that fell from my lips. I dare say I said that Herr
Max Leichtlin had a fine bush which he lost in a
very severe winter, and this perhaps was mistaken
for mine. I am thankful to say that Rosa berberidi-
folia has now been in my garden for three years and a
quarter, and it is now in very good condition indeed.
It is true that it was in some danger from the deluge
of last year ; but I expended much trouble upon it,
and now I am rewarded for my pains.

According to the instructions which I received at
Baden-Baden, and my own observations since then,
Rosa berberidifolia stipulates for two things before
it will consent to do well. One is, that it should
have no root-compression at all ; it must run about
as it likes. This puts all culture in a pot out of the
question, and probably gives the clue to the failures
with it in this country. If Dr. Lindley grew this
Rose in a pot in a greenhouse, I wonder not that
it died. But then comes the question, Will it stand
and do well, if unprotected, in the open border in
any part of the United Kingdom? I doubt that
very much indeed. Herr Max Leichtlin's disap-
pointment was owing to severe frost and rain;
and cold here would, I think, soon make an end
of Rosa berberidifolia in any part of the country.
There is therefore no help for it, but this precious
little stranger must either be grown in a sufficiently
large border in a greenhouse, or it must have some
sort of glass cover if it is trusted to live outside in
an ordinary border. One method has been taken at
the Royal Gardens at Kew, and the other has been
tried here, and both have been successful so far.

I have no border in my greenhouse suffi-
ciently large to plant this Rose in, and so I was
forced to let it ramble outside— but I have put a
large glass cinopy over its head, which it has all to
itself, and this can be either opened or shut. I am
as sure as I can be about anything that this glass
cover saved the life of my Rose last year. It hated
the rain. Was ever such a thing known in sunburnt
Persia since the time of the Deluge as that con-
tinuous downfall? Rosa berberidifolia did not
exactly sulk, but it did something very much like
it. It went off at the tips of the shoots ; there were
no buds and no blossoms at all. Every day during
that heartbreaking summer it seemed to shrink,
and to become miserably less, and had the
summer at last not come to an end my Rose
would have done so. But constant unremitting
care saved its most valuable life, if ever life
was saved. I knew it would not do to have the
glass-house always closed, for confinement meant
ruin for the Rose ; neither would it have answered
for the glass to be always down, for it never could
have stood the rain, so that there was always opening
and shutting — shutting and opening— during that
miserable time. The plant was shut up when the
windows of heaven were opened, and it regained its
freedom as soon as the visitation of water ceased ;
but now it is in blossom for a reward. At Kew they
are, of course, very much better off than I am with
regard to this Rose, and I doubt not it will do quite
well in the raised border in the greenhouse. May
the year 1888 never.be repeated in my time! My

July 13, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

Hose and I alike pray for that. Certainly it is a
very pretty little flower, and what I should call the
crimson, rather than the purple spot at the base of
the petals sets it off to advantage. Cistus algar-
"vensis resembles it in a way, but if the two were
put side by side, no one I think would hesitate in
■deciding lor the Rose ; but it comes out rather too
intermittently, and its real beauty will be only seen
when the bush has acquired some size. It only
hundreds of blossoms would spaikle on it instead of
two's and three's, it would be a sight to be seen. 1
hope for this, but it will not be till the dreadful
year 1888 a.d. is quite forgotten.

The only person whom I have ever seen who knows
Rosa berberidifolia quite well, and is familiar with it
in its native haunts, is my kind friend and neigh-
bour, Sir George Hutt. Curiously enough, he used
to hunt about for it in different gardens for some
time, little thinking where he would find it at last.
He says that it will stand great extremes of heat and
cold — but rain — rain in the summer months, how
can a Rose from the desert regions of Persia and
Afghanistan put up with that ?

I wish the Shah of Persia could see his old friend.
I remember being riveted by a Primrose which I
once saw in a pot in the street called Straight in
Damascus, and I dare say he would open his eyes
wider at the sight of Rosa berberidifolia than at any-
thing else.

The crux with this Rose lies most of all now in
the matter of propagation. I think seed can be
obtained from Messrs. Dammann, at Naples, but as
to layering it, or striking cuttings from it, or being
•successful with buds, I shall believe it when it is done.
H. E., Hyde.

The Bulb Garden.

I XI A S.

Frequenters of Covent Garden Market are well
acquainted with the great variety and inimitable
■beauty of these charming flowers, but not so the
average gardener, who, knowing little or nothing
about them, and caring less, too often makes no
attempt to discover their real worth, and there-
fore, when perchance they find a neighbour doing
justice to one of the most delightful groups
of bulbous plants, their astonishment knows no
bounds. Speaking from experience, I believe 1 am
correct in saying that hardly one gardener in a
hundred has ever attempted their cultivation at all,
a regrettable fact, notwithstanding, though it is some
•encouragement to know that those who do know these
flowers, and who cultivate them for what they are,
never tire of them, but are anxious to increase and ex-
tend their culture. The flowers of these Ixias are sent
into Covent Garden from foreign sources in almost
endless quantity in their season, and the flowers
being readily packed, and good travellers also, arrive
in the London markets tolerably fresh, and usually
sell at reasonable prices, prices which may well be
kept at home. There is no reason why these flowers
•should not be grown in England with a fair amount
of success, and in doing so no greater cost would be
entailed than in the case of many plants now grown
in quantity. They can scarcely be regarded as per-
fectly hardy in all situations, though I am acquainted
with some positions in which they pass the winter
uninjured though fully exposed ; all that is needed
at most is frame protection, or a thick covering of
cocoa-nut fibre till severe frosts are past, and the
■danger of these may be considerably lessened by
planting deeper than is usually recommended. There
is, however, another way of overcoming the difficulty,
and particularly where the flowers are not required
before July, and this is in annual lifting and
keeping them dry till the first or second week in
January, when, if the weather be open, they may
be planted in the open ground without further ado.
But where cut flowers are in demand, it will not be
necessary to plant them in the borders, if the pro-
duction of bloom be of the first moment, for then

frame culture will be exactly what they need, and
for this purpose they should be planted early in Sep-
tember, and if introduced into slight heat early in
December, an early flowering will result, with suc-
cessional plantings to keep up a supply of their useful
flowers.

Apart, however, from what may be achieved with
these Ixias in frames and slightly heated structures,
they may still bring up the succession by planting
them outside, and to ensure success a warm, shel-
tered position should be selected for them, and one
thoroughly drained. It will be well also if the bed
be raised some 4 or 6 inches above the usual level,
adding plenty of sharp grit and leaf soil, with a
little thoroughly decayed cow manure. They may
be planted from September to the middle of January ;
the earliest planted usually come in flower in the
end of May or early in June. Six inches deep will be
found a good depth for planting, allowing the bulbs
to be about 2 or 3 inches apart. In early spring
they appreciate plenty of moisture at the roots, and,
as a rule, generally receive it. With care and
attention it is surprising how rapidly they increase
at the root, i.e., the bulb6, it being quite a common
occurrence for three and four bulbs to result from
one of fair size when planted, so that it is an easy
matter tor any one to soon raise a large stock, and
certain it is that we have few plants more full of
grace and beauty than these, and which wherever
seen are sure to be admired.

An illustration of how much these charming
flowers are neglected may be gathered from the fact
tha* only one exhibitor came forward with pots of
them at the recent show at Old Tratford, where the
exhibits are usually varied and generally representa-
tive, and. these, as aptly pointed out in your report
of the show (see vol. v., p. 7o4), were "much admired,
because so rarely seen."

When well grown, it is difficult to conceive a
brighter and more effective group, and in any
arrangement of natural flowers they are simply
unique. While writing, I have before me a charm-
ing lot of their flowers, in which the varying shades
of rose and scarlet are really delightful ; and not less
pleasing are those of pinkish hue, some of these being
remarkable for their brightness. Very effective,
again, are the creams, yellows, and orange — the
latter colour, however, none too plentiful ; there are
also lilac, purple, and mauve shades, some striped
and blotched, and others suffused with varying
shades ; nor must the white-flowered kinds be
omitted, these being rendered conspicuous by a well-
defined blotch of blue, crimson, or purple at the base
of the petals, the same marking being extended to
the majority of the varieties, though in some of the rose
and scarlet shades the blotch is absent ; and, lastly, we
find green represented among the many shades of
colour which these possess, and while the colour is
rarely tolerated among flowers, it appears here as a
welcome addition to its group by its decided tone of
light green — quaint, it may be, but beautiful withal.
Mere description is, however, inadequate, and those
who would know more of their intrinsic beauty and
worth should lose no time in commencing their
culture. J.

Treatment of Pot Lilies.

Lilies, like other bulbs, as soon as they have done
flowering, often get put aside, and receive little or
no attention, and therefore become dry, which causes
the tops to ripen off prematurely, instead of which
they ought to be kept healthy and green as long as
possible ; and this is most important, for without
fresh leaves and stems the bulbs cannot be main-
tained in a growing state, or got to a size and strength
that will enable them to bloom well again after-
wards.

The best way to treat these plants, as soon as they
have done flowering, is to stand them at the foot of
a wall, or other sheltered spot ; keep them watered
sufficiently often to maintain the foliage in the con-
dition referred to, till it begins to turn of a yellow
tint, when the watering should be leas frequent, as
then the soil ought to be generally on the dry side ;

and if heavy rain is expected, or a continuance of
wet, it is advisable to lay the pots on their sides, so
as to throw it off, otherwise it would be apt to injure
the roots. As ioon after the tops die down, the
earlier the plants are repotted the better, and for
this purpose there is no soil equal to good turfy
loam, with a small quantity of sharp sand added. If
manure be added at all, it should be put below the
bulbs, as it ought never to be in contact, or
very near to them, and it is an easy matter to give
stimulants by way of liquid manure or top-dressing
when the plants are growing. To allow for the last-
named being done, it is a good plan, when repotting,
to keep the bulbs low down, and not fill the pots
more than to about three-quarters of their depth, by
which means space will be afforded for sods of loam
after the stems have reached 1 foot or more in
stature. Into this top-dressing the roots at the base
of the stem will enter as growth continues. In
potting, the small bulbs that have formed round the
stems should be removed and potted separately, to
be grown on apart from the flowering bulbs ; and it
is well to sort out the latter into two sizes, and keep
the strongest of these to themselves, and which
may be grown either singly or in pots of three to
five, according to the size of the pots used.

None of the Lilies require much root-space, as has
been exemplified again and again ; and the fine
specimens of L. Harrisii shown by Messrs. Carter at
the Crystal Palace show were in 48's ; and I have
always found that the less root space the bulbs of
L. auratum have, the better they do — which is, I
think, the experience of most growers of Lilies.
After potting the bulbs, the most suitable place in
which to place them is a cold frame, where they
should stand the whole winter, and be merely pro-
tected from frost, and have only enough of water to
keep the soil moist. ■/. S.

LlLIUM LONUIFLORU3I VAR. Harrisi.

This Lily seems to be fast coming into favour ;
and no wonder, for it is a very fine thing for early
flowering in greenhouse or conservatory. When it
is interspersed with other plants, standing above
them, it shows off its white blooms admirably. At
the recent show at the Crystal Palace this was well
shown in Messrs. Carter's stand, where a group of
Lilies with Cinerarias underneath had a striking
effect. Lilium Harrisi does not seem to require
much soil or root-room, as those referred to were
single bulbs in 48-sized pots, and the plants were
strong and healthy throughout. J. S. [L. longi-
ttorum, of which 1.. Harrisi is a form, is almost as
good, and when it is forced it is nearly as tall. En.]

The Herbaceous Border.

HELEXIUM HOOPESII.

With the departure of the showy Doronicums.
which provide so rich a display of yellow flowers
throughout the spring months, our herbaceous beds
and borders do not boast of much golden-yellow till
late in summer, except it be in the case of Calthas
and Ranunculus speciosus, and these, in consequence
of their partiality to shade and moisture, are not
usually represented in the ordinary herbaceous bordu'.
The above plant, which comes in flower at the end of
May, and continues for a long time in perfection,
fills up the gap to some extent, and the rich orange-
yellow of its flowers at once renders it a conspicuous
plant. It is nearly .'I feet high, of vigorous growth
and compact habit, with a much branched inflo-
rescence ; the radical leaves glabrous and coriaceous.
The plant requires no staking. The plant is readily
increased by division and also by seeds.

Inula glandulosa
is another plant of much beauty, with rich yellow
flowers, and generally two or three weeks later in
flower than Helenium Hoopesii. It is a striking
and desirable hardy plant, long known to cultivation,
although still somewhat rare. It is distinct from

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Jolt 13, 1889.

all the other members of its genus, and we have no
other perennial plant that may be compared to it,
either for the singular beauty and form of its flowers,
•or for their size and colour. The flowers are com-
posed of very narrow, thread-like florets, twisted and
irregular, and sufficiently so to give it the appear-
ance of a single-flowered Japanese Chrysanthemum.
The plant rarely exceeds 2 feet in height ; the flower-
stem issues from a sparse tuft of rough, somewhat
woolly leaves, and bears on its summit the golden-
yellow flowers fully 3 or 4 inches in diameter. It
thrives well in rich light loam, and is a plant
deserving of every attention. It comes from the
Georgian and Circassian Alps.

LiUPINUS ABBOHECS.

This is probably one of the most useful members
of this genus, remarkable for its freedom in flowering,
fragrance, and colour, and when large the plant
quite eclipses many of our best flowering shrubs. It
is really a shrub, and as such it is adapted for associa-
tion with other plants of a more sombre hue, while,
as an isolated specimen, it is not easily matched.
It will attain a height of 6 or 8 feet and as much .
through, producing its charming, fragrant spikes of
canary-yellow flowers in profusion. For planting
against a west or south-west wall, where it has
the chance of 15 feet in height, it forms a remarkable
picture, and by attention to nailing it as the growth
is made, a large space may quickly be covered. Any
ordinary soil, however poor, seems to suit it. Where
large rockeries exist it would make a fine subject
for unrestrained rambling over blocks of stone. Its
hardiness is not so complete in soils over-rich in
humus as in those which are the reverse. The plant
may be increased to any extent if desired, the small
young shoots, about 4 inches long, detached with a
heel, rooting readily in a cold frame any time during
snmmer. J.

CHINESE WHITE WAX.

The British Consul at Ichang, in his report for
the year 1887, which has only recently appeared,
thus speaks of Chinese White or Insect Wax : —
" The steamer export of white wax (not bleached
bees-wax, but the insect wax produced by the coccus
Pe-la) has increased greatly. This curious and
beautiful substance, though widely used in China,
and though known to science, and repeatedly
noticed in books on China, seems to be unfamiliar
in our home market. Its high price has been
against it, but the price has gone down greatlv.
According to my information, the price at Kia-tung-
Fu (in Sze-ch'wan, on the Min River, some 700
miles up-river from Ichang) has lately been about
Is. per pound avoirdupois. At Ichang there is at
present no wholesale market for the article, but the
wholesale cost, as got for local consumption, is
stated at about Is. 3d. per pound. Allowing for
duty, freight, commissions, &c, the article might be
placed on the home market at about Is. (id. per
pound. In view of its beauty, hardness, and high
melting-point, it might be acceptable in the candle
manufacture, to serve as a coating or otherwise.
Not knowing whether samples are readily to be got
in our country, I think of sending a sample to the
Society of Arts in London."

The writer of this report is, perhaps, not aware
that the wax has appeared commercially in this
country, though only very occasionally.

In Shantung, it seems, especially in the neigh-
bourhood of Lai-yang, where the trees are plentiful,
the insects are bred, and the wax produced. The
insects are put on in the spring, and the wax is
gathered at the end of the summer, after which the
insects are collected, and preserved indoors till the
following spring. At the Kia-tung-Fu the wax-
farmers, about the end of April, convey the very
prolific female insects from the breeding districts
to the wax district. The journey is performed on
foot, and occupies about a fortnight, being per-
formed only at night, as exposure to the heat
of the sun would forward the hatching of the
eggs, which must not take place till the females

have been attached to the trees, which are
either those of Fraxinus chinensis, or Ligustrum
lucidum. Six or seven of the insects are wrapped
together in a Palm-leaf, and attached to the
branches, where they soon give birth to a multitude
of young ones, and then die. The young insects
swarm over the twigs of the trees, which they punc-
ture in all directions, with the result that they are
soon completely incrusted with the white wax. No
care is necessary while the insects are on the twigs,
as nothing ever touches them, not even ants. About
the latter end of August the twigs are cut off', and
boiled in water, in which the wax melts and floats on
the top. It is afterwards re-melted, and poured
into pans, where it cools into a translucent, crystal-
line, somewhat brittle white mass, not unlike sper-
maceti. The exports of this wax from Shanghai in
1879 amounted to 6542 piculs. John li. Jackson,
Museum, Royal Gardens, Kew.

ANGK/ECUMS.

So many valuable additions have been made
during recent years to this genus, that there are
now few others, belonging to tropical Orchids, whose
cultivation is of so much interest. The cha-
racteristic form, and the beauty of the flowers
generally, added to their freedom to bloom, secure
their representation in most collections, however
small. The genus is largely at home in Madagascar,
but several species are found in Tropical Africa,
Comoro Islands, &c. It is of interest to note that
one species —A. falcatum — occurs in so widely re-
moved a habitat as Japan.

Angracums have no pseudobulbs, but the leaves,
which are always attached in two opposite rows
to the stem, are usually thick and leathery. Most
of the species have white flowers ; some, however,
are cream or ivory coloured, and in others, certain
parts have a greenish tinge, whilst those of
A. Hildebrandtii - a rare, but very small-flowered
species — Keichenbach describes as having orange-
yellow flowers. The flowers are produced from the
axils of the leaves usually on more or less drooping
racemes. The sepals and petals are spreading, and
generally alike in size and shape. The front portion
of the lip is sometimes similar to the petals, thus
giving the appearance of an almost regular flower;
but, as a rule, the lip is larger, and is furnished at
the base with a long and slender spur.

Some species, such as A. eburneum, its varieties,
A. sesquipedale, and the small A. hyaloides, are
amongst the easiest of warm-house Orchids to
grow. They succeed in the same house, and
under the same conditions as Aerides and Vandas.
Several species, however, have the reputation of not
being easy to cultivate ; A. Scottianum (see Gar-
deners' Chronicle, n.s., xiv., fig. 30) and A. caudatum,
still a rare plant, may be pointed out as examples ;
but so far as I have been able to form an opinion,
if sufficient heat and moisture are afforded them,
there are but few which present any difficulty in
their cultivation. The treatment which proves the
most successful is that afforded to PhaUenopsis —
that is to say, a warm humid atmosphere through-
out the year ; no attempt at resting beyond the
ordinary lowering of temperature and moisture in
the dark months; and, whilst securing a plentiful
supply of fresh air, a careful avoidance of draughts.
The larger growing kinds like A. eburneum, that
root so freely, require large pots, which should be
half filled with crocks, and the remainder with good
moss and a few pieces of charcoal. Smaller species
like citratum and bilobum, are most suitably placed
in baskets and suspended from the roof. A. Scottia-
num grows vigorously on a piece of soft Fern stem,
with a little sphagnum attached. In the matter of
watering it is not good policy to let these dwarfer
kinds ever get very dry. The moss ought to be
uniformly moist and fresh, care being taken not to
allow it to become sodden, and, above all, in dull
weather.

The following species are some of the best in cul-
tivation :— A. bilobum, which was sent to Messrs.

Loddiges, of Hackney, in 1841, is a charming little
plant. Its flowers are white, with a slight tinge of
rose, and are sweetly although not strongly per-
fumed ; they occur in pendent racemes, and measure
individually 1£ inch across, the slender spur being
about 2 inches long. The specific name refers to
the leaves, which are deeply two-lobed at the apex.
The variety Kirkii, introduced in 1882, is smaller ;
the flowers are white, and the brownish spur nearly
3 inches in length.

A. caudatum was originally introduced in 1834
through Messrs. Loddiges from Sierra Leone. The
sepals and petals are yellowish-green, and the lip
pure white ; the spur is the longest of any, with the
exception of that of A. sesquipedale. On a plant
under my charge which flowered in July, 1886, they
were 10 inches long, and of a pale green colour.

A. citratum, owing to large importations, is now
one of the most popular of the smaller growing
species. Its long, densely flowered racemes have an
admirable effect when the plant is suspended. The
flowers are white, with a slightly yellowish tint, not
sufficiently marked in most instances to justify the
name. The spur is three-quarters of an inch long,
and somewhat inflated at the tip. The plant is a
native of Madagascar.

A. Ellisii, most appropriately named to comme-
morate the services rendered to horticulture by the
late Rev. W. Ellis, who introduced this plant, A.
sesquipedale, and other Orchids from Madagascar.
It has leaves of a deep green colour, upwards of a
foot long, and notched at the ends. The raceme
bears about a score pure white fragrant flowers,
which possess tails 7 inches long.

A. Kotschyi bears drooping racemes of creamy-
white, sweetly-scented flowers, that measure more
than an inch in width, and have a twisted spur
6 inches long. It was introduced from Zanzibar in
1880.

A. Sanderianum is one of the latest importations
in Angnecums, and was described by Reichenbach
in these pages in 1888. It is a native of the Comoro
Islands, and is undoubtedly one of the finest species.
At Kew there are plants bearing spikes of more than
twenty flowers each ; these are pure white, and with
a spur 3 inches long.

A. Scottianum is a very desirable species, and is
interesting because its leaves are terete. It is note-
worthy that in several genera of Orchids one or two
species occur with terete leaves, thus breaking away
from the general characteristics of the remainder.
Aerides Vandarum, Oncidium Jonesianum, Vanda
teres and V. Hookerii, Dendrobium teretifolium, and
Saccolabium gemmatum are instances in point. The
plant was sent to this country in 1878, by Sir John
Kirk, from the Comoro Islands. The flowers, which
are white, the oblong lip large and handsome, occur
singly or in pairs. It has become less rare than
formerly.

A. eburneum is one of the stateliest of Orchids,
with its long, stiff, and leathery leaves, and upright
spikes of closely-set green and white flowers. It was
introduced by the Horticultural Society from Mada-
gascar in 1826.

A. sesquipedale is well known to most cultivators ;
it has from time to time been descanted on in these
columns. W. B.

Vegetables.

FIRST EARLY PEAS.
There will always be differences of opinion as to
which is the earliest Pea. Soil, position, the con-
ditions under which the seed was saved — all have
much to do with the early maturing of Peas. I
recently had an opportunity of inspecting the samples
growing on the trial grounds of Messrs. Hurst &
Son, at Springfield, Chelmsford — in all there were
550 samples — not this number of varieties, but
several samples of one variety — First Early, Second
Early, Main Crop, and Late. When a large number
of varieties are growing together — sown the same

Juf.t 13, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

day, in the same soil — a pretty fair opportunity is
afforded for instituting comparisons, and drawing
conclusions. The samples at Springfield are all of
uniform length, and all are supported by sticks.
They can, therefore, be seen at their best, provided
the season has proved favourable ; and it is favour-
able— a fact acknowledged on all hands.

Among the round-seeded varieties it is a neck-and-
neck race with three or four — Improved Sangster's,
Eclipse, and Improved William I. The first-
named is a remarkably even stock, very early ;
short-podded, it is true, but a free cropper. It
appears to be an axiom with seedsmen that, the
earlier a Pea is, the shorter will be the pod. Im-
proved Sangster's Pea is known in France under
the name of Caractacus, and is largely grown by the
French market gardeners. Harrison's Eclipse is a
good Pea for market gardeners ; it is now a well-
established sort, and keeps true to character.
Eclipse, Alaska, and Laxton's Earliest of All
average '21 feet in height, and may be accepted as
improved stocks of Kentish Invicta, but with pale-
coloured instead of dark green foliage ; and they
keep truer to character than the old sorts. But I
put Improved William I. before either Improved
Sangster's No. 1 ; it grows a few inches taller, and
that may make it a trifle later, but it has longer
and better filled pods, and it is decidedly of better
quality for table. It is a Pea that is kept up to the
mark by Messrs. Hurst & Son growing an acre of it
every year on sticks, for the purpose of obtaining
stock of the truest and finest quality, which is sent
out to be grown to supply the large quantities re-
quired. Taber's Early Perfection appears to be of
the same type as Eclipse. Kentish Invicta is sup-
posed to have been selected from the old Blue
Prussian ; it has dark foliage.

The English Tom Thumb Pea, or Beck's Gem,
is known for its dwarf early character ; the
American Tom Thumb has finer pods, is more
prolific, and rather earlier. Blue Peter is a very
dwarf Pea, very good, and useful as an early variety
for small gardens ; and not improbably a round-
seeded selection from Maclean's Little Gem. First
Crop Blue appears to be a robust-growing variety of
Beck's Gem.

Bishop's Longpod, an old and once popular
variety, is not much grown iu the country ; the bulk
goes to France, where it is grown for tinning in a
green state. Burbury's Early Kenilworth is a first
early Pea of somewhat uneven growth, the dwarf
form decidedly the best ; it looks like a round blue-
seeded small Supreme, and one might suppose its
parentage with William I. and Laxton's Supreme.
Burbury's Conqueror appears to be a later and taller
variety of the foregoing. So much, then, for the
round-seeded first early Peas.

Of the dwarf-growing first early wrinkled varieties
William Hurst is decidedly the best. It was seen
in its truest and best form, very carefully selected.
It is of very dwarf growth, with a longer and more
curved pod than in the case of American Wonder.
Chelsea Gem is the white-seeded form of William
Hurst, that of the latter being blue. American
Wonder, it is supposed, is a dwarf selection of Little
Gem. Here was a few lines of Little Gem, quite
true, uniform, and thoroughly good, as I remember
it when originally sent out by the late Mr. Charles
Turner, of Slough. Little Gem is revived in a good
stock of American Wonder, and one need not be
surprised gardeners are found growing it for their
early crops. Multum in Parvo is the largest podded
among the early dwarf wrinkled varieties. This was
no doubt one of the seedlings raised by the late Dr.
Maclean, of Colchester. It is a capital garden
variety, and it is in great demand about Edinburgh.
Messrs. Hurst & Son say that out of every 20 bushels
of it they sell, fully 19 go to Edinburgh.

Bliss' Abundance is classed with the first early
wrinkled varieties, but it is not really so. Its truest
designation would hi: a first early main-crop variety,
coming nearest to Advancer in general character :
Edinburgh Beauty is like a dwarf selection from
Advancer, but of no particular mprit.

Dr. Hogg has the habit of William I., but the pods
are rather more curved. It is perhaps doubtful if it
will maintain its individuality for any great length
of time. Burbury's Early Bird does not appear to

differ from it, and there is this characteristic about
Dr. Hogg, that while the pods were originally of a
deep green colour and curved, they appear to be
getting back to a paler colour, and straighter in
point of shape. Carter's Anticipater is a first early
Pea in the way of Laxton's Alpha in growth, but
dwarfer, and the seeds are whiter in a dry state. It
looks as if it had been originally selected from it.

A first early Pea, as yet unnamed, seems to promise
well. It looks like an early form of Telegraph, the
seed being similar also ; as early as Eclipse. This
variety seems as if there is a good future before
it. E. D.

The Apiary.

SOME USEFUL SEASONABLE HINTS.

With the exception of a few days, the whole of
June was fine and warm, and in cases where bees
were up to the full strength by June 1, good crops of
honey have been secured. The weather now is very
dry, and unless rain should soon come the honey-
gathering season of 1889 will shortly be over ; but
should grateful showers fall in time, a further heavy
crop of honey may be secured in the present month.
But my weather-glass ascends, and there is no sign
at present of such good fortune.

Swarms which came out at the end of May, or
early in June, have already filled their hives with
honey. It is perfectly astonishing sometimes to see
how quickly this is done. Extracting will soon be
in full awing. Where combs are new, particular care
should be taken, or the comb will be broken to
pieces. This is at the best a messy job, but when
the comb breaks to pieces in the act of extracting, it
is very much more messy. Turn the handle very
gently at first, and the process, though it may appear
to be tedious, is quicker in the end ; and it is very
much to the advantage of the beekeeper to have
whole combs to give to the bees when required.

The great show at Windsor is at an end, and bee-
keepers have much to be thankful for. Their craft
was patronised by the Queen herself, and beekeeping
will in consequence be very much advanced. There
were hives and hives, and no small work devolved
upon the judges to say which was best. Messrs.
Edey & Son had a very good stall and show, and
their catalogue is worthy of study. They have a
new observatory hive with eight frames, a new
reversible hive, and a new wax-extractor, which are
worthy of attention. Many other manufacturers
had also excellent appliances and honey. As the
honey crop was nil last year, no doubt beekeepers
will desire a heavy one now. To secure this,
doubling is one of the best plans. There is gener-
ally much more honey secured by doubling — that is,
putting frames over frames— than using the 1 lb.
sections. Extracted honev is also more easily kept
than honey in the comb. Bee.

Plants and Their Culture.

Ixoras which were Flowered Early. — Any of
these plants which have done flowering should be
induced to make a second growth by cutting back
the stronger shoots somewhat slightly, and placing
the plants in the warmest part of the stove, syringing
them freely, and giving weak liquid manure liberally.
These specimens will make good growth, and set
a quantity of bloom that will be useful at the time.
A stock of young plants should be raised, or obtained,
of the useful I. coccinea. For purposes of propaga-
tion, choose clean healthy shoots, free from mealy-
bug. No plant is more useful for cutting purposes,
where large quantities of good cut flowers are required.
The plants are easily grown with a good supply of
heat and moisture ; and if some kind of insecticide
be used carefully, the plants may be grown with but
little trouble. It is advisable, when using com-
mercial insecticide, that it should be rather weaker
than is stated in the printed directions, the foliage
soon suffering if a strong mixture be employed. I
employ the syringe three or four times daily whilst
the plants are making growth, and it is very rarely
that any further cleansing becomes necessary.

Climbers. — Many of these will require frequent
attention in tying and regulating growth, so as to
admit the light to the other plants beneath. Every
opportunity should be taken to clean the plants of
insects, otherwise the plants under them will soon
get infested also, and disfigured. If thrips are

infesting the plants, give a thorough wetting of the
foliage with an insecticide, removing the plants under
the climbers during the syringing.

Basket Plants. — These will require large quantities
of water, especially Ferns; and, to save time, the
baskets should, where practicable, be immersed once
a week in a tank, and allowed to drain for a short
time before hanging them up. A good stock of
Panicum variegatum and other trailing plants should
be propagated for autumn and winter decoration.
G. Wythes, Sion Gardens, Brentford.

Fruits Under Glass.

Cucumbers in Pits and Frames. — Keep the plants
which are in full bearing well thinned out as regards
the shoots, and the fruits cut as soon as they
become fit for use. Assistance may be afforded with
manure-water made from soot or sheep's dung, a
little lime being mixed with it occasionally. It
should be remembered that manure-water should be
clear when used. Top dress with loam and manure
as soon as the roots appear outside the hills, and
maintain a genial atmosphere by damping the walls
and paths, and syringe the plants when closing the
ventilators, or lights, in the afternoons. In the
morning, air should be given early, and increased in
quantity till about mid-day, shutting up with the
thermometer for a short time at 85°. Cuttings may
be struck, or seeds put in of the best winter kinds
towards the end of the present month.

Pine-apples. — The winter fruiters, after having been
rested, will be in a proper condition to start with the
aid of a small amount of fire-heat and moisture, being
careful not to employ much fire-heat during very
warm weather. It will be better to ventilate the
pit pretty freely, opening the ventilators at an early
hour, and gradually increasing the amount of air
admitted as the sun gains in power. Weak manure-
water may be sprinkled about occasionally on the
paths, and the pit shut up in the afternoon, after
syringing the plants and damping the beds, walls,
&c. The temperature may then be maintained at
85°, allowing it to fall 10° by the morning follow-
ing, with a little ventilation on very warm nights.
Fruits, which are ripening, may be placed in vineries,
where they will ripen slower than in the pine pit,
and keep longer afterwards. Suckers may be potted
firmly in moderately dry loam, plunged in a bottom-
heat of 90° — 95°, and kept close and shaded for a
few days, not watering them till roots begin to
form, but sprinkling with the syringe occasionally on
warm days. Examine plants carefully before afford-
ing water, for although the surface of the soil may
look damp, the plants may yet be suffering from
drought. W. Bennrtt, Rangemore, Burton-on- Trent.

The Hardy Fruit Garden.

Treatment or the Summer Shoots. — Still con-
tinue the operation of shortening back all young
growths to within a few buds of their base, it being
of very great importance that all the light possible
should reach the fruit and the young fruit-bearing
branches. If the crop of fruit on any tree be heavy,
do not cripple its bearing-power for another year by
over-cropping it ; but thin well and early, removing,
as a matter of course, all badly placed fruit, and
those which are not likely to be of good shape.

Apricots which were attended to early will now be
breaking into fresh growth, and these growths should
be at once pinched, and the pinching-in repeated
whenever it is necessary. Let there be plenty of
space allowed for the fruits to swell, and remove
any nails that are likely to press against them.
Keep the trees clean by the free use of the garden
engine, but discontinue syringing as soon as the
fruit begins to assume the colour of ripeness. If
mildew puts in an appearance, dust with flowers-of-
sulphur the affected foliage when it is damp.

Strawberry Plants of the earlier kinds on light
soils, and which have borne heavily, should not suffer
from want of water at the roots, should rain not fall,
and if the runners are not required, all of these, and
a few of the lower leaves, should be removed with-
out delay, slightly pricking up the surface of the soil
afterwards. Mulch the soil with short dung, and
thoroughly deluge the beds with water, thereby
encouraging the formation of new foliage and roots,
and the due ripening of crowns by the end of the
season. H. Mark-ham, Mereworth Castle.

THE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

[July 13, 188*.

Advertisers are specially requested to note, that,
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NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS.

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NOTICE to Correspondents, Advertisers, Su/t-
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J 'HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
Vol. V., Third Series. .IAN. to. JUNE, 1889.
W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street. Strand. W.C.

APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.

MONDAY.
FRIDAY.

TUESDAY,

WEDNESDAY,

THURSDAY,

FRIDAY,
SATURDAY,

THURSDAY,
FRIDAY,

MEETINGS.

t.-t,- ir.fEoy"1 Botanic Society: Feast of
.iiL-i ift^ Roseg_

i, rv iq * Gardeners' Orphan Fund: Dinner
( at Cannon Street Hotel.

SHOWS.

t Birkenhead.
July 16- Wolverbamuton (three days).
( Carlton-in-Lindrick.

Jl'LY 17— Bedford.

i National Rose (Sheffield t.
July 18-; West of Scotland Roearians.
( Salterhebble.

July 19— Ulverstone.

JL'LY 20— Manchester Royal Botanic.

SALES-

jULV io ( Orchids, in Flower and Bud, at
"( Stevens' Rooms.

July 19 * Imported and Established Orchids,
1 at Protheroe & Morris' Rooms.

CORRECTED AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR THE ENSU-
ING WEEK, DEDUCED FROM THE OBSERVATIONS
OF FORTY-THREE YEARS, AT CHISWICK— 63° A

In view of a meeting to be held

Nomenclature of . ,1 , ■■, .. . . .

Orchids. shortly to consider the subject of

Orchid nomenclature, we gladly
give publicity to the following letter from the
Director of the Royal Gardens, Kew. The
course that should be followed has, over and
over again been laid down, both in the Society's
Journal, in these columns, and quite recently in
the Journal of Horticulture, the difficulty is to
induce those who are not botanists to conform
to the laws : —

" I observe that the Council of the Royal Horti-
cultural Society has summoned a meeting to consider
what may be called the Orchid question. As I am
about to go abroad in search of a much needed
holiday, I regret it will be out of my power to be
present. Perhaps I may, therefore, be allowed to
say a few words in anticipation. I hope that one
result of the Conference will be to obtain some sort
of agreement amongst Orchid -growers as to the
principles upon which Orchid nomenclature for hor-
ticultural purposes should proceed.

" It must, I think, be evident that all the botanist
can do is to refer any Orchid submitted to him to
some well-defined species which has already been
described in intelligible terms, or to describe it as
new if this has not already been done. For
horticultural purposes it is evident, however, that
something more than this is wanted. Within the
limits of a species it is known to every one that
there are variations of size, colour, and texture
which practically elude botanical terminology, and
yet are of paramount interest and value to the

cultivator. The difference between a fine form and
a poor one of the same species can often with diffi-
culty be seized, even in ordinary language, and yet it
is recognisable at a glance by every experienced
( rrchid-giower. It seems to me that it is a great
mistake to suppose that a botanist can deal with
such forms in any useful way. Their distinctness
and merit is a matter for the judgment of experts,
just as in the case of any other cultivated plant.
Nothing, then, is gained by giving such forms Latin
names, which imply that they are well-marked
varieties. The proper course is to give them arbi-
trary names in English or some other language, and
these should not be accepted as authoritative till
they have received the approval of the Floral Com-
mittee of the Royal Horticultural Society.

"If this plan be adopted, as T hope will be the
case, one great step will have been taken to reduce
( Irchid nomenclature into something like order, and
to clear the literature of a host of cumbrous and
really misleading names,

" As to the determination of species, I may perhaps
be permitted to state how we stand. We have at
Kew what I do not doubt to be the most extensive
Orchid herbarium in the world. With Lindley'*
Orchid collection as a foundation, I believe it to be
richer in authentic types than even that of the late
Professor Reichknuach. We have for some time
had upwards of 1000 species in cultivation, and from
this source the herbarium is constantly beingenriched.
We have also an enormous collection of original
drawings and figures, which have been revised,
mounted, and arranged, in a conveniently accessible
form. I may add, that for a long series of years,
Professor Reichenrach was in the habit of paying
Kew an annual visit, and he spared no pains in
assisting us in the elucidation of doubtful points, and
the determination of unknown species. Next to his
own herbarium, Kew, therefore, probably possesses
the best record of his work in existence. Besides
this, Mr. Bentham expended two years' labour
upon the Kew collections in the preparation of
the Orchidere for the Genera Plantation, and Sir
Joseph Hooker has now under review the gigantic
army of the species indigenous to British India.
For a long series of years Professor Oliver
has given especial attention to the family; Mr.
Brown has worked up with great care the terrestrial
species, especially those of South Africa ; and Mr.
Koi.fe, who now has charge of the collection, has for
a considerable period been assiduously occupied in
its revision, and in filling up its deficiencies.

" The only serious point in which the Kew Her-
barium is badly equipped, is in the types of species
described by the late Professor Reichenbach, espe-
sially in the pages of the Gardeners' Chronicle. The
great majority of these are probably in cultivation
in this country. It is of the greatest importance
that Kew should secure specimens of them. Many
of them will die out, and unless they are of great
horticultural merit, they will probably not be rein-
troduced. In any case, without authentic speci-
mens, it will be extremely difficult to ascertain pre-
cisely what Professor Reichenbach had in view. I
propose, therefore, with the permission of the Editor,
to communicate to the pages of this journal, from
time to time, lists of the species which are unrepre-
sented by specimens in the Kew Herbarium. And
I earnestly hope that cultivators who are in pos-
session of plants of any of these known to be authen-
tically named, will communicate specimens of them
to me.

" I may take this opportunity of thanking the
numerous correspondents who have already in so
many ways come to our assistance. It is almost
invidious to single out names, but I cannot but
mention Sir Trevor Lawrence, Baron Schroder.
and Henry Little, Esq. To Inspector Ortgies, of
the Botanic Garden, Zurich, I am indebted for some
authentic Weichenbachian memoranda and types.
The Rev. C. Parish has given us a beautiful collec-
tion of drawings of the fruits of Indian Orchids
from his own inimitable pencil. Finally, we are
promised the reversion of a very valuable collection

of Orchid drawings, faithfully carried on over a long
period of years. I feel every confidence that the
Kew staff will be able to effectually aid Orchid culti-
vators. It only remains that they in turn should
co-operate to perfect the Kew collections as a standard
of reference. " W. T. Thiselton Dyer,

" Director, Roynl Gardens, Kew."

J. Townshend

BOSCAWKX.

The announcement of the death
on Saturday last, July (>th, of the
Hon. and Rev. J. Townshend
Boscawen, will be received with the greatest
concern and sorrow. Little did we think, as we
shook him by the hand at the Rose Conference
on the previous Tuesday, that this was to be the
last occasion. It appears that he was suddenly
attacked on Saturday, and died after a few
hours' illness.

Mr. Boscawen was in his seventieth year, and
had been Rector of Lamorran, Cornwall, for forty
years. He was an enthusiastic horticulturist,
zealous and active to a remarkable degree. Few
men had a better general knowledge of plants,<and
few could cultivate them better. His seedling
Rhododendrons, his Camellias, his Orchids, were
things wherewith he was wont occasionally to
astonish his friends, while Laruorran was a very
treasure-house of rare, beautiful, and interesting:
plants. He was much consulted as a landscape gar-
dener, and as to the management of gardens andi
woods. He was proud of his descent from John
Evelyn, whose tastes he largely inherited. Mr.
Boscawen acted for a time on the Council of the
Royal Horticultural Society, but retired when it
became evclent that his views were not shared,
by the majority of his colleagues ; and to the last
he was a most energetic member of the Bath and.
West of England Society for the promotion of
agriculture.

Mr. Boscawen belonged to a class of amateurs,
with wide knowledge of plants and trees,,
and with catholic sympathies as regards horti-
culture generally, a class, unfortunately, so small
that his decease will cause a serious deficiency.
As a friend he was genial, courteous, considerate,
staunch ; what wonder then that the news of his-
sudden death came as a great shock, and that his
memory will be cherished with respect and affec-
tion by all who had the good fortune to be
among his associates and friends.

Oncidiums WANTED at Kew.— We append a.
list of species of ( >ncidium described by Professor
Reichknuach in the Gardeners' Chronicle, of which,
it appears, there are no specimens in the Kew Her-
barium. Specimens of these or of any other species-
known to have passed through Professor Reichen-
uach's hands would be welcome : —

andigenum

annulare

aurarium

Baldeviama'

Berenyce

bryopholotum

caianthum

caloglossum

Carderi

chrysops

croooduiceps

crvptocopis

dactylopterum

detortuin

diodon

elegantissimnm

endoeharis

eurycline

euxanthimini

exasperatum

graudirtorum

gyrobulbon

ha-matochrysum

Hrubyanum

hyphrematicum

Kienastianum

Lansbergii

lepidum

leucotis

litum

ludens

macropus

melanop*

meliosmum

raetallicum

Mtllianum

monachicum

peliogramma

phylloglossum

plagianthum

plicigerum

porrigens

pyxidophorum

robustissimum

rostrans

rotundatnm

rusticuni

saltabuudum

semele

tectum

tetracopis

tricuspidatuni

ustulatum

vernixium

virgulatum

xanthocentron

xanthodon

SENECIO PETASITES.— The plant figured on
p. 4" has long been known to cultivators, having been
introduced from Mexico ; and plants raised from
seeds sent to Aylmeu B. Lambert, Esq., of Boyton,
flowered for the first time in this country in 1813.
The lower leaves grow on long footstalks, and
exceed in size those of the indigenous fiutterbur.

July 13, 1889.]

TEE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

some similarity to which suggested the name given to
' the plant. The photograph from which the engraving
was taken is by Mr. R. V. Sheering, F.L.S., and exhi-
bits the plant standing in winter last year in the open
air in a garden near Falmouth, where it formed a con-
spicuous object in a sheltered spot. The plant is
not hardy enough in the neighbourhood of London

when it becomes root-bound, the plantwillflowermore
profusely than the engraved plant appears to have done.
When the flowering is over the stems may be cut down,
and the plant rested for a time in a cold pit, if in a
pot, or repotting performed in June and July.
Propagation is readiest done by division of the root-
stock, or by root-cuttings. It is sometimes found

Fig. 9. — senecio petasites : flowers yellow.

to withstand the temperature of our mildest winters,
but in the milder parts of southern Cornwall and
Devon, in the coombs and seaside gardens, the plant
remains uninjured. It is a rather coarse-looking
subject in a conservatory, but flowering as it does in
winter and early spring, it might find a place during
the time it is in bloom in a roomy structure where
its large panicles of yellow flowers would assist to
give brightness at a dull season. When grown in
a pot in rich soil, and well fed with liquid manure

under the name Cineraria platanifolia.
fond of the flowers.

Bees are

The Rose Conference.— Lest, in the depres-
sion occasioned by the relatively small number of
visitors, and the abstention of many amateur exhi-
bitors whose co-operation had been counted on, it
should be imagined that the Conference was a dismal
failure, it may be as well to assure our rosarian
friends that, so far from that being the case, for

substantial interest, the Rose Conference has not
been surpassed by any other that has been held.
The information collected in the schedules that
were circulated, when it comes to be tabulated, will
be found of first-rate importance, practically ; while
the Conference papers generally are of high quality,
and some exceptionally so. For substantial and
permanent value, the record of the Conference,,
therefore, when it comes to be issued, will be found
inferior to none — not even to the Apple Congress.
In some quarters there is a disposition to undervalue
Chiswick as a meeting-place, and the centre of the-
Society's practical work, and to point to the scanty
attendance at the Rose Conference as proving the-
unsuitability of Chiswick for such purposes. Bur,,
on the one hand, the many distractions must be
borne in mind, and, on the other, it must be remem-
bered that the public did come in numbers to the-
Apple Congress ; and earnestly do we hope they will
do so at the coming Vegetable Conference. Nothing
should be left undone to secure the success of this
most useful meeting.

Gardeners' Orphan Fund.— This most de-
serving institution for the benefit of orphans, and
which is now in the third year of its existence, will,
on Friday, July 19, hold its annual dinner at the-
Cannon Street Hotel, London. The President of
the Institution, Sir Julian Goldsmid, Bart., M.P.,
has consented to take the chair on this occasion,
and a great gathering of gardeners and others inte-
rested in the object of the fund will doubtless-
be got together, and by their donations and sub-
scriptions still further extend its usefulness by
helping those who, through no fault of their own, are-
unable to help themselves. Fuller particulars will be-

found in our advertisement columns. Mr. G. W.

Cummins, the gardener at the Grange, Hack-
bridge, writes : The Croydon Horticultural Society
provided a tent at their annual show last week,,
in which to hold a " Rose Fair," in aid of the-
Gardeners' Orphan Fund, when a sum of ovei-
£12 was taken by Mrs. Gunner and Mrs. Dar.tv
who presided, other ladies of Croydon assisting.
Several exhibitors kindly gave their spare blooms-
for sale, many were also received from gentlemen iih
the neighbourhood, and others from Messrs. J,
Walker (Whitton), Cheal (Crawley), Laing (Forest.
Hill), and Keynes and Williams (Salisbury). The
flowers were tastefully arranged in the centre of the-
tent, and eagerly bought by the admiring spectators.

The Finances of the Royal Horticul-
tural SOCIETY. — A phrase in our last issue,
wherein we made use of the words " financial diffi-
culties," is likely to be misunderstood if not corrected..
We were alluding merely to the unfortunate dispro-
portion which exists between the amount prudently-
available for expenditure for horticultural purposes-
on the one hand, and the requirements of the case
on the other. We had no desire to imply that the-
Society was in any financial embarrassment. So far,
indeed, is this from being the case, that, as we have-
frequently stated, the Society is, thanks to the activity
of the Council, and the zeal and firm financial grip-
of the Treasurer, not only free from debt, but has-
a balance at its bankers ; and, better still, a reserve-
fund. All this inay be, and, indeed, has been, already
noted with extreme satisfaction and gratitude to the
Treasurer. We trust the numbers of new Fellow*
joining at the guinea subscription, and specially at
the higher rates, may be so large as speedily to
justify that more liberal expenditure which uuder
present circumstances it may be imprudent to incur.

"Botanical Magazine." — The July number

contains coloured illustrations of the following,
plants : —

Pandanus labyrinthicw, t. 7063.— A handsome
species, which flowered and fruited at Kew, the ovoid
heads of Pine-apple-like fruits being specially notice-
able.

Syringa villcsa, t. 7064. — A native of Northern
China, as fragrant as the common Lilac, but not
superior to it in attractiveness.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Jolt 13, 1889.

Olearia niacrodonta. t. 7065. — One of the Daisy
trees of New Zealand, constituting in this country a
hardy and very ornamental evergreen shrub, of which
a figure was given in our columns in 1886, vol. xxvi.,
p. 304, f. 62.

Disa lacera var. mii/tijida, t. 70613. — A blue-flowered
species, illustrated by Mr. N. E. Brown in our
columns, 1888, vol. ii., p. 661.

Eucryphia pinnatifolia, t. 706". — A very handsome
Chilian shrub or tree, with pinnate foliage and large
Rose-like, white flowers. See Gardeners' Chronicle,
1880, vol. i., p. 337.

" LlNDENlA. — Among the plants figured in the
last number are : —

Zygopetalmn Gibezice, t. 181. — A new species,
described by Mr. N. E. Brown. The flower-segments
are linear, oblong-acute, white, the xide-lobes of the
lip shell-like, erect, the central one broadly oblong,
with a thick cushion-like process at the base ; the
lip is white, striped with violet. Masdevallia Shuttle-
morthii, t. 182 ; Dendrobium Urymerianum, t. 183 ;
and Odontoglossum Haiti, t. 181 ; a very fine variety,
the yellow segments of which are handsomely blotched
with chocolate.

PLANT-FOOD. — In reference to this subject, Mr.
J. J. Willis writes as follows : — " Among the
numerous Rothamsted investigations, a series of
experiments was commenced in 1857, and conducted
for several years in succession, under the manage-
ment of the late Dr. Pugh and of Dr. J. H. Gilbert,
to determine whether our cultivated plants take up
and appropriate to their use the free nitrogen of the
atmosphere. The conclusion arrived at was that
they have not that power by their leaves. In recent
years, however, the question has assumed quite a new
aspect. It now is, whether the free nitrogen of the
atmosphere is brought into combination within the
soil, under the influence of micro-organisms (bacteria),
or other low forms of vegetable life, thus serving in-
directly as a source of fertility and food to plants of a
higher order. Considering that the results of Hell-
riegel and Wilgarth (to which reference was
made in this journal, vol. v., March 2, p. 269) on
this point were, if confirmed, of great significance
and importance, it was decided to make experiments
at Rothamsted on somewhat similar lines. Accord-
ingly, a series was undertaken in 1888 under the
superintendence of Dr. J. H. N. Miller, and the
results so far obtained seem to indicate that there
has been a gain of nitrogen beyond that supplied in
the combined form in the soil and in the seed sown.
These first experiments are, however, only prelimi-
nary, and a new series is now being commenced
for the present season of 1889, with Lupins, Peas,
Vetches and red Clover."

Memorial of the Windsor Great Show.—

Her Majesty has graciously expressed Her desire
that the Abies Albertiana, exhibited by Messrs.
Little and Balla ntyne, Nurserymen and Seedsmen
of Carlisle, in their collections of Conifers, should be
planted in the Great Park at Windsor as a memorial
of this Jubilee Exhibition, and Sir Jacob Wilson
has made arrangements for this being carried out.

Tree Planting in Sweden.— We read in the

Deutsche^ Garten Magazine for June, that in Sweden
a society has been five years in existence, every
member of which is bound to plant each year 8 acres
of land with red or white Spruce. The seed comes
from high latitudes. It would be a good thing if
some such society were formed in Ireland and other
treeless parts of these islands, so that in time to
come we should be provided with sufficient home-
grown timber for all ordinary purposes, and the land,
moreover, rendered more productive and pleasant to
live in.

LlNDLEY AND HOOKER.— In the life of John
Francis, publisher of the Athenteum, vol. ii., p. 182,
the following anecdote is given :— King William IV.
once inquired abruptly of Sir William Hooker,
" Sir William, which is the greater botanist, you

or Dr. Lindley ? " " Dr. Lindlet, your Majesty.''
" That is said like a gentleman, at any rate, retorted
the King; and we'll leave the question for the
botanists to settle."

STRAWBERRIES.— Mr. Geo. Bunyakd, Maidstone,
desires us to state that the Strawberries, King of the
Earlies, Pauline, Vicomtesse Hericart du Thury,
and Bicton Pine are amongst those which are good
for general cultivation, but not the best market
varieties, as was stated in our report of his paper
read at the Drill Hall, on the occasion of the last
meeting at that place. See p. 807 in our last
volume.

Effective Bedding.— A very beautiful ex-
ample of effective arrangement of flower garden is
now at its best in the gardens of T. F. Blackwell,
Esq., The Cedars, Harrow Weald. The centre is a
large raised bed with vase of flowers, with Ivy-leaved
Pelargoniums hanging over ; around this are green
Cannas, then a broad band of Coleus Verschaffeltii,
edged with variegated Mesembryanthemum and
Echeveria. The larger beds around are of Pelar-
gonium Flower of Spring, mingled with Viola
Admiration and P. Crystal Palace Gem, edged with
Iresine ; while at intervals appear beds of dwarf
scarlet Tropaiolum, mixed with blue Lobelia and
various other pretty combinations, the corner ones
and those near the edge being mixed carpet and
flowering bedding plants. The yellow Pyrethrum
used in edging the darker beds gives a pattern to the
whole, which, viewed with a backing of Roses on
arches, the neat foliage of Ampelopsis Veitchii on
the lofty conservatory, the bright green of the Ivy on
the massive arches beside the flower garden, the
lovely Roses and herbaceous perennials in the long
side border, fronted with beds of pink, scarlet, and
crimson Pelargoniums, forms a happy combination
highly creditable to Mr. J. Dinsmore, the gardener
at The Cedars.

Royal Botanic Society, Regent's Park —
Their Royal Highnesses the Prince and Princess of
Wales have signified their intention of being
resent on Monday next, July 15, at these Gardens,
on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the
Society's existence. The Society proposes to cele-
brate the event by holding a Special Exhibition of
Hoses, and a Floral Parade.

United Horticultural Benefit and Pro-
vident SOCIETY.— The quarterly meeting of the
above Society was held on Monday evening last, at
the Caledonian Hotel, Mr. E. Berry in the chair.
The death of one of the members has occurred
since the last meeting (Mr. A. Barker, of Hindlip).
The amount standing in the ledger to the late
member's credit (£8 7s. 4Lrf.) has been paid to the
widow. Four new members were elected, and the usual
business having been gone through, a vote of thanks
to the Chairman ended the meeting.

Gremlis' " Swiss Flora." — Those of our
countrymen who are contemplating a visit to Switzer-
land, especially those who have experienced the
utility of the German edition of the work above men-
tioned, will be pleased to hear that an English version,
translated from the fifth German edition by M. L.
1'aitson, has just been published by David Ndtt,
270, Strand. Very little previous information is
needed, but in that reprint to which we look forward
it would not add much to the bulk of the book,
while it would add greatly to its utility, if a glossary
of technical terms were added for the use of those not
familiar with botanical language.

ILLUSTRATIONES FLORAE MARIS PACIFIC1.—
M. Drake del Castello's series of illustrations
published under this name by Gustav Masson has
progressed as far as its fiftieth plate. The plants
mentioned are mainly of botanical interest, but some,
such as Cyrtandra induta and C. vestita, would form
handsome stove shrubs.

Florists* Flowers.

THE CALCEOLARIA.

On July 5, I sowed the seed of the herbaceous-
Calceolaria, but this date needs not to be regarded as
the only one, as seed may be sown both before and.
after that. It is found that if the seeds should
vegetate prior to the longest day, the plants have & '
hard struggle for life during the succeeding warm |
weather. A half-crown packet of seed is such a> j
small quantity that the sowing may be made in a
4 or 5-inch pot. The soil should be of a kind light \
and porous, and the upper portion of it must be
finely sifted. Before sowing make the surface level
and water it thoroughly with a very fine rose can, I
standing the pot aside till the soil is again firm, i
when the seed may be evenly distributed and covered
slightly with fine sandy soil or sand alone. At this-
season of the year the seeds will vegetate freely in,
any position that the sun does not reach, and when,
the seed pots cannot be placed in such position they
must be carefully shaded from the sun, for should
the soil become dusty-dry during the germination
of the seeds most of them would perish, and
the seedsman would probably have to bear thg- '
blame. The tiny seedling plants themselves will
not bear exposure to the direct rays of the ;
sun. Even the application of water to the plants-
mast be done in a careful manner, and rather .
than apply it through a rose, I would immerse the- ;
pot in water nearly to the rim, letting the water
ascend from the bottom of the pot. The pot should
not be held in the water more than a few seconds, as
it is easy to make the soil too wet. The plants
may be pricked out when they are quite small into- ,
small pans or pots ; and until they have grown, i
considerably, direct sunshine is injurious to them,
and yet in the effort to keep the plants safe they
may be shaded too much, the leaves becoming thin,
in texture, and in that state very liable to the
ravages of green-fly and thrips. After the seed-
lings have made a few leaves, they commence to
grow rapidly, and like all free-rooting plants they
soon get pot-bound, unless shifted as fast as they
require it. The Calceolaria, when once fairly under
weigh, likes as rich a compound to grow in as the
Cinerarias and Chinese Primulas. A suitable com-
post consists of loam three parts, leaf-mould one part,
the same quantity of decayed manure, and sharp
white sand as much as may be required to keep the
same open. With the Calceolaria the right thing
to do is to ventilate the frame freely, and not to ;
shade it unless such is really necessary to prevent
injury to the plants ; and until frosts set in, a frame
or cold pit is the best place to grow them in ; and in.
fine weather the lights may be altogether removed —
especially is this desirable at night when the
weather is fine.

Plants that have been propagated by layers or
cuttings will do as well as seedlings when once they
get established, and the treatment is essentially the
same as for seedlings ; and a warm, close atmosphere
will be found injurious even for cuttings. The best
method of propagation from old plants of choice
varieties is to bank up the stems with sandy soil until,
roots form, which they do freely. For ordinary pur-
poses, seedlings make the best plants. ./. Douglas.

Home Correspondence.

LATHYRUS DRUMMOND).— I do riot know how
far it may help to elucidate the query raised by
" D." (p. 803 of the last volume), as to the
origin of the appellation of this Everlasting
Pea, to mention that an old gardener called
here recently, who, seeing the Pea growing and
flowering, recalled the fact that fifty-two years
ago — that was in 1837 — when working at Peper
Harrow, Lord Middleton's place in Surrey, Captain
Mangles, or Captain Sterling, he is not certain
which, brought both the Pea and the red Rhodanthe
— probably Manglesi — home from the New Swan
River, and gave seed to Lord Middleton. Seeds of
the Pea were sown in the Pine-stove, and the plants
bloomed the same year. My informant is positive
that the variety in question and Drummondi are

July 13, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

identical. Captain Drummond, who is probably the
collector of that name, lived then at Alstead, and
used to take frequent journeys to China, bringing
ifaany plants home. It is therefore possible that
in that way the Pea became identified with his name.
Perhaps " D." may be enabled to trace the connec-
tion of the form with the locality given; but if
it be found that this Lathyrus is in no way an Aus-
tralian product, the information will be of little
value. As to the identity or otherwise of Drum-
mondi with rotundifolius, I may say that I found seeds
'of the latter to resemble dried-up brown French
,Bean seed, whilst those of Drummondii were smaller,
;much rounder, and of a pale hue. I have seedling
i plants of rotundifolius and rotundifolius giganteus,
whatever that form may be, also seedling plants of
Drummondii to bloom together next year. Plants in
I the seedling stage show little or no diversity. It
', will probably be found that these two kinds and
Sibthorpi are but varieties of the same species.
A. D., Bcdfont. [Sibthorpi flowers much earlier.]

DELPHINIUMS. — "J. S." does well in drawing
attention to Delphiniums. Probably there will be
a great demand for the new varieties, as they will
not only add another attraction to the herbaceous
border, but be of great value to those circumstanced
like myself, in having to meet a constant demand
for cut flowers. What a pretty addition they will
be to the contents of flower boxes sent to London !
We have a charming single variety not named by
your correspondent, which we received from Mr.
Lowe, Shirnewton Court, and which I believe he
told me he raised. It is named Lady Francis
Russell, and in colour it is blue of a delicate soft
hue, with a white and yellow lip. The colours
blend most harmoniously, and make it very attrac-
tive. Thomas Coomber, Hendre Gardens, Monmouth.

GROWING ASPARAGUS IN SCOTLAND —Four
years ago we planted a bed of this vegetable on soil
which had been well prepared, but instead of the
plants getting stronger, as was expected, they get
weaker year by year. As we are situated in a late
part of Scotland, and at an elevation of about
400 feet above the sea-level, wonld it be worth con-
tinuing the attempt to grow Asparagus. Perhaps
some of your many correspondents will kindly give
me advice. T. H.

amorphophallus TITANUM.— Your accounts
and figures of the above plant, which has lately
bloomed at Kew, are most interesting. Amongst
other singular changes and appearances, I suppose it
was not noticed whether any heat was produced at
the time of the inflorescence? In Sir James
Smith's Botany, an old standard work, we read
(p. 91) : — " The most remarkable account of the
production of heat in plants is that given by La-
marck, in his Flore Francoise, by the Arum macula-
tum, the flower of which, at a certain period of its
growth, he asserts to be, for a few hours, ' so hot as
to seem burning.' The learned M. Senebier, of
Geneva, examining into this fact, discovered that
the heat began when the sheathe was about to open,
and the cylindrical body within just peeping forth,
and that it was perceptible from about 3 or 4 o'clock
p.m. till 11 or 12 p.m. Its greatest degree was 7°
Reaumur above the heat of the air. The pheno-
menon is well worthy of attention, and may pro-
bably not be confined to this species of Arum.'' I
see, also, that Dr. Lindley, in his Vegetable Kingdom,
p. 128, savs: — "The Arum campanulatum, now
Amorphophallus, is much cultivated in the Northern
Circars of Bengal, where it is highly esteemed for
the wholesomeness and nourishing quality of its
roots." He speaks of the huge and hideous Amor-
phophalli of the Indian Archipelago; these spadixes
have a foetid, putrid smell, and are found to disen-
gage a sensible quality of heat at the time they are
about to expand, &c. I fear it may be some time
before, the plant at Kew will repeat its flowering.
W. W. Rowland, Bishop's Castle Vicarage, Salop.

ULMUS CAMPESTRIS VAR. TRICOLOR— There
is growing in a garden by the side of Ealing Green,
a very fine example of the variegated Elm, known
as tricolor, in which the leaves are green, yellow,
and white. This tree is known to be over fifty
years of age, and it must be as many feet in height,
the leaves are much larger than in the cases of those
of the ordinary golden and silver variegated Elm.
Singular to relate, this tree — one of the prime
arboreal features of the place— has only recently
been discovered to be so finely variegated ; but old
inhabitants are found testifying that it was so varie-
gated forty years ago. It is not a grafted tree, but

on its own roots, as all the suckers sent up from
round the base of the trunk are as variegated as any
branch. Is the tricolored variety a scarce form of
the common Elm ? The size and vigour of its
foliage is a marked characteristic. B. Bean, F.aling,W.

A NEW PLAGUE ON STRAWBERRIES.— There is
now carried on in my neighbourhood a very exten-
sive cultivation of Strawberries, chiefly Marguerite
Lebreton. The market gardeners are sorely plagued
by a small weevil, which pricks with its snout the
petioles of the recently flowered fruits, and these dry
up straight off. Do you know that plague ? [One of
the commonest weevils.] Is there any remedy for
it ? Change of variety, or giving the run of the gar-
dens or fields to the chickens, or what? Volxem,
Trois Fontaines, Vtlrorde. [Deeply trenching the
soil. Ed.]

A NEW STRAWBERRY.— A day or two ago I
strayed into the market garden of Mr. John Brown,
of Mattock Bank, and there saw the best prolific
Strawberry I have ever seen, and I know nearly all
the varieties that are grown, and have seen them
growing in nearly all kinds of soils throughout the
kingdom, but this one surpasses all others I have
seen. It has been in gathering a fortnight, and will
last three weeks longer. It is of immense size, fine
colour, and the flavour is all that could be desired.
I am of opinion that the produce of this variety
would be quite double that of any other Strawberry
grown. If any one of your readers in that district
will go and see it, they will find Mr. Brown a most
genial man, and willing to furnish information.
The Strawberry is named Brown's Goliath. Fruit.

ODONTOGLOSSUMS IN COOL-HOUSES..— I en-
close you two photographs of Odontoglossum-
houses, from which it will be seen that the plants
are in full bloom at present (June 24). The
houses, which are 22 feet by 11 feet, have a
north aspect, and contain about 300 spikes of
bloom. My employer, Thomas Statter, Esq., has
spared no expense in getting together what I con-
sider to be one of the choicest collections of this fine
species, which in general estimation takes the first
rank amongst Orchids. My treatment is as follows :
—Plenty of pure water at all seasons, with as little
artificial heat as possible. One of my Odontoglos-
sum-houses never had the heat turned on the
whole of last winter, and the plants speak for them-
selves as to what treatment is the best. In fact, 1
know of no other class of plants that can be grown
with as little expense in fuel. B. Johnson, <//•.,
Stansh Hall, Whitefield, Manchester. [The Odorito-
glossums seen in the photographs sent appear to be
very vigorous plants, and well furnished with blos-
soms. Ed.]

SEWAGE. — The valuable manurial property of
urine from horses, &c, is generally acknowledged,
but how seldom do we find this valuable fertiliser
utilised ? In many places it is looked upon as a
nuisance, and treated accordingly, by being got rid of
in the most expeditious way possible — carried by a
sewer in most cases to the nearest river or stream,
where it is not only wasted, but is made to be in
reality a nuisance, and very possibly a poison.
Whereas, if a tank had been placed in or con-
veniently near to the garden, what a boon it would
prove to be. and how soon the cost of tank and
drain would be reimbursed in the increase of
crops ? The latest acquisition in this garden has
been a manure-water tank and pump. A sanitary
engineer has recently inspected and rectified the
drains, &c, and although I am somewhat sceptical
about the " improvements "made in gardens by some
classes of scientific gentlemen, I am ready to
acknowledge the benefit gained in this instance.
The tank, which is in the kitchen garden, is one of
Messrs. Winn & Co.'s, and draws the liquid through
a tube by means of a continuous chain, furnished
with buckets, which revolve over a large wheel, and
thereby not only cast the sewage in a rapid and
constant stream, but also thoroughly stir the whole
body of water in the tank. The dry condition of
the ground (we have only had O'llJ of rain since
June 2, and that came in dribblets) has been favour-
able for estimating the value of this manure. It has
been applied in a diluted form to plantations of
Raspberries with grand results, while such crops as
runner Beans and French Beans, Cauliflower,
Lettuce, &c, are improved in a remarkable degree.
The improvement of these crops from the use of the
sewage is manifested in the colour of the foliage and
the acceleration of growth. But the beneficial effects
of this manure in garden and farm, where it can be

used in various ways, is well known to many culti-
vators, and I would advise all who have this valuable
manure at present running to waste to turn it to pro-
fitable use, especially aB the outlay for tank and fittings
would soon be covered by the increase in the value
of the productions of the garden. My only I egret is
that there is not just now a greater quantity of it,
but most of the horses are now in town for the
season, and the drainings into the tank are limited
in consequence. T. Coomber, Hendre Gardens, July 6.

NEW AND OLD VARIETIES OF PEAS.— There
are now many excellent Peas for the exhibition-
table, of which I will name a few that gardeners pin
their faith to, and dare not be without, because of
the ridicule or pity of their fellow-craftsmen of the
neighbourhood. These are Telephone, Telegraph,
Oniega, Surprise, Ringleader, and so forth. The
pods are large, and so are the seeds, but do we get
the amount not of pods, for that might tell in their
favour, either by weight or measurement, but of
seeds ? and that is the cook's test, from these latter-
day monsters that were obtainable from Champion
of England, Paradise Marrow, Auvergne, Scimitar,
and some others of good repute. It is to be doubted,
but it is a matter that could be easily decided one
way or the other, not this season, but next, by some
gardeners undertaking to sow an equal amount of
ground at various times during the season, simul-
taneously with old and new varieties, and weighing
the shelled Peas, gathered from each, carefully tabu-
lating the results. If we ate the pods of Peas as
well as their contents, I should stick to Telephone,
&c, but as that is not the fashion, let us grow the
finest Peas to yield, and not the biggest pods. Pulse.

A HEAVY NOBLESSE PEACH.— On Saturday,
June 28, I gathered a Noblesse Peach weighing
15.} oi., and measuring 12V inches in circumference.
Have you any record of a heavier or finer fruit?
T. B. Wilson, Alscot Park, Strat ford-on- Avon. [No
Noblesse, but Dr. Hogg was grown to a weight of
23f oz. by Mr. Goodwin, Maidstone. See Gardeners'
Chronicle, August 27, 1881. Ed.]

ROSE THE PURITAN.— No doubt there will be
many who will have watched with interest the be-
haviour of this new Rose during the present summer,
on account of the disappointment met with last
season. According to a limited trial made with it,
it would seem to be a variety which is liable to be
attacked with mildew. But one season is not
enough to establish the character of any plant, as it
will often happen that different characteristics will
show in the third and fourth year after their intro-
duction, which were not apparent earlier. Accord-
ing to my experience, late pruned plants of Her
Majesty do not get so infested with mildew as those
which are pruned early — say in March ; but whether
late pruning will have had any good effect on Puri-
tan in averting mildew has, as yet, not been ascer-
tained. ./. C Clarice.

Societies.

THE NATIONAL HOSE.

July. li. — Saturday, July 6, was one of those
typical July days which occur all too seldom in
England- warm, without wind, and sunny, but tem-
pered with light fleecy clouds, which made the
warmth endurable. For the collections of Roses
arranged in the tents placed at the east end of the
Crystal Palace, the warmth was more than enough,
and by the middle of the afternoon it had begun to
tell on all but the more robust blooms.

There were two large tents, forming a T figure,
the head of the letter being longer than the stem,
In the latter, which was entered from the Palace,
were placed chiefly the exhibits of nurserymen, these
occupying benches of considerable breadth ranged
along the sides, whilst the middle was free for
onlookers, or. rather, would have been, had not the
police raised needless obstruction. Here were
Begonias in flower from Messrs. Laing, of Forest
Hill, and Messrs. Cannell, Swanley ; these were
mostly new varieties, and of vivid colours, which
assorted with the Roses badly, as as did also the
parti-coloured tent-poles ; indeed, the scarlet and
white of the latter gave a glare inside the tent,
which, with the hackwork of Begonias, did much to
destroy the effect of the Roses. In the background
of the boxes of Rose blooms and dwarf Roses. &c,
stood rows of Palms and Chrysanthemums in flower.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Joly 13, 1889.

lanky things, with white and yellow blooms — anil
creating unnecessary rivalry between Queens of
■<lifferent seasons.

As a whole, the blooms as regarded size, were in-
ferior to some previous years, and perhaps in sub-
stance too, but in colouring there was nothing to be
desired. Some Hoses, notably light-coloured Teas,
were better from the cooler north, and as was proved
■by the chief prize going to a northern exhibitor ; the
lowers generally were better.

Nurserymen's Classes. — In the large class for
.seventy-two distinct single trusses, the 1st prize and
trophy was carried oil' by Messrs. J. Harkness &
*>ons, Bedale, Yorks, and a very grand lot of blooms
they were too— uniform in size, fresh and bright ;
the positions were, however, closely contested right
through this class. Some of the best specimens in
Bat prize list were :— Ulrich Brunner, Mrs. J. Laing,
Due de Kohan, Etienne Levet, Lord F. Cavendish,
15. Joubert, Benoit Comte, Heinreich Schultheis,
l'aul Neron, Her Majesty, Niphetos, Madame
JYIontet, Princess of Wales, Captain Christy, Countess
of ltosebery, Annie Wood, and Madame H. Jamain.
The 2nd place was accorded to Mr. F. Cant, Col-
-chester, who was not far behind, having very bright
'blooms of such well-known varieties as Madame de
Watteville, Reynolds Hole, Caroline Kuster, Coun-
tless of Oxford, Duke of Teck, Ulrich Brunner, Prin-
cess of Wales, Star of Waltham, Madame Cusin, Her
.Majesty, Comtesse de Paris, Baroness Rothschild, G.
Raker, and Niphetos. Messrs. R. Mack & Son, Catter-
ick Bridge, Yorks, were a good 3rd, having flowers of
4'air dimensions: Ulrich Brunner (premier bloom),
Horace Vernet, Marie Baumann. Dupuy Jamain, Mr.
Baker, Etienne Levet, A. K. Williams, Dr. Andry, Ch.
lEefebvre, Madame Rodocanachi, Madame Hausmann,
Pride of Waltham, Duchess of Bedford, and Horace
"Vernet being worthy examples. In the 4th place
was Mr. B. It. Cant, Colchester, whose blooms were
of a uniform fresh appearance : Her Majesty, Magna
Charta, Ulrich Brunner, Madame G. Lnizet, Mer-
veille de Lyon, Comtesse de Nadaillac, La Boule d'Or,
Ethel Brownlow, and Madame Cusin being the finest.

Messrs. Paul & Son, Old Nurseries, Cheshunt.
were the leading exhibitors of forty-eight in triplets,
staging a pretty lot, with the colours well-balanced,
the blooms being fairly uniform in size and of excel-
lent quality ; Madame S. Rodocanachi was specially
tine, and other noticeable blooms were Merveille de
Lyon. Her Majesty, Duchess de Morny, S. Reynolds
Hole, Star of Waltham, Etienne Levet, Pride of
Waltham, Madame de Watteville, Alfred Colomb,
and M. P. Wilder. Mr. F. Cant was a capital 2nd.
following closely with Comtesse d'Oxford, Ulrich
Brunner, Baroness de Rothschild, Madame Cusin.
Comtesse de Nadaillac, Her Majesty, The Bride, and
Marie van Houtte as the chief examples in the stands.
Mr. B. It. Cant was a close 3rd, with fine types of
Comtesse de Nadaillac, Paul Neron, Ulrich Brunner,
The Bride, Comtesse d'Oxford, M. P. Wilder,
Baroness Rothschild, Duke of Edinburgh, Marie
Finger, Merveille de Lyon ; 4th, Messrs. J. Crans-
ston & Co., Hereford, with Madame Cusin, Merveille
<le Lyon, Alfred Colomb, Ulrich Brunner, Madame
Ch. Wood, and Etienne Levet in good condition.

In the three following classes, exhibitors in the
two former were not allowed to compete.

Messrs. J. Cooling & Sons, Bath, showed a stand
of nice blooms of uniform quality in the class for
forty-eight single trusses, distinct, and secured the
chief award. The blooms were perhaps a trifle
smaller than some of those already mentioned, but
the stand, as a whole, was of first-rate quality. The
following blooms may be selected :— Baroness Roths-
child, A. K. Williams, Pride of Waltham, Merveille
de Lyon, Louis Corbie, Star of Waltham, Ulrich
Brunner, Duchesse de Morny, Francois Michelon,
The Bride, Her Majesty, Madame Eugene Verdier,
Black Prince, and Madame H. Jamain. Messrs.
Keynes, Williams, & Co., Salisbury, followed closely,
with the H.P. blooms of large size ; the best examples
in this lot were to be seen in Marie Baumann, Benoit
Comte, Marie Finger, Her Majestv. Madame A.
Lavallee, Alfred Colomb, Reynolds Hole, and Cap-
tain Christy. Messrs. G. & W. Burch, Peterborough,
was placed 3rd, Her Majesty being a very attractive
bloom in this stand, and others were Ulrich Brunner,
Etienne Levet, Madame de Watteville, Souvenir
d'Elise Vardon, Fisher Holmes, Reynolds Hole, and
Oomte Raimhaud ; 4th, Messrs. J. Jeffries & Son,
Cirencester. Marie Verdier, Silver Queen, Ed. Andre,
Ulrich Brunner, and Star of Waltham being the
best, but all were of good quality.

The best twenty-fonr distinct, single trusses, came
from Mr. G. Prince, Oxford ; they were clean, and nf
good substance, with good specimens of A. K. Wil-

liams, Madame G. Luizet, Marie Rady. Baron
Hausmann, and Madame de Watteville. The 2nd
place fell to Mr. J. Walker, Thame, Oxon, who had
Her Majesty. A. K. Williams, R. Laxton, Duke of
Edinburgh, Duke of Teck, and Madame M. Verdier
as his best; Mr. J. Mattock, who also hails from
Oxford, was 3rd, with Madame Ch. Wood in a fine
example.

In the class for twenty-four in threes, Messrs. G.
& W. Burch came to the front with a stand of neat
and solid flowers, the best being A. Colomb. Her
Majesty, H. Vernet, Ulrich Brunner, Madame Cusin,
Comtesse d'Oxford, Innocente Pirola, and La
France. Messrs. Keynes, Williams, & Co. came 2nd
with creditable flowers— A. Colomb, Her Majesty,
Fisher Holmes, Merveille de Lyon, Queen of Queens,
the Bride, Captain Christy, and Abel Carrh'-re being
some of the best. Messrs. J. Jefferies & Sons, who
were 3rd, followed well, having good blooms of
Madame de Watteville, Baroness Rothschild, Souve-
nir dun Ami, and Her Majesty.

In the Tea and Noisette division the nurserymen
made a fairly good display, but some of the col-
lections were in a sorry condition by the time the
show closed, owing to the heat of the tent, and in
one or two classes the 4th prize was withheld. The
leading class in this section was for twenty-four dis-
tinct single trusses ; Mr. G. Prince was the success-

Cant was 2nd with the same variety, and Mr. B. R.
Cant followed with Madame de Watteville, both
presenting fine flowers.

Eighteen triplets, distinct, were best from Mr. F.
Cant, who led with a fine lot, Edith Brownlow,
Marie Van Houtte, Madame de Watteville, Catherine
Mermet, Madame Cusin, Francisca Kruger, Madame
A. Jacquier, and others being noticeable. Mr. li.
Prince was a close 2nd with good examples of
Madame Cusin, Comtesse de Nadaillac, Marie Van
Houtte, Madame de Watteville, J. Ducher, and M.
Furtado. The third place fell to Mr. B. P. Cant,
who had generally small blooms, the larger and
finest being Madame Cusin, Madame de Watteville,
Ethel Brunlow, Perle des Jardins, and La Boule d'Or.

Amateurs' Classes. — A collection of forty-eight was
the chief class here, Mr. W. J. Grant, Ledbury,
leading with a very fine lot of large-sized blooms,
bright and clean, in which the following were con-
spicuous : — Marie Baumann (premier bloom),
Etienne Levet, Dupuy Jamain, Merveille de Lyon,
Xavier Olibo, Ulrich Brunner, Duke of Wel-
lington, Madame S. Rodocanachi, and Beauty of
Waltham. The Rev. J. H. Pemberton, Havering-
atte-Bower, Essex, followed wellwith richly- coloured
and fresh blooms, in which the following varieties
were well shown : — Madame de Watteville, Ch.
Lefebvre, Niphetos, Souvenir d'Elise Vardon, Com-

Fio. 10. — ideal rose: cupped foiui. (.see p. 40.)

ful competitor, with good fresh flowers of average
size — Comtesse de Nadaillac, Madame de Watteville,
Madame Cusin, David Pradel, Madame A. Jacquier,
Princess of Wales, Marie Van Houtte, and Niphetos
being worthy of mention. The 2nd prize lot was
from Mr. F. Cant, who had larger sized blooms, but a
trifle old, and, moreover, the sun pouring on to them
soon spoilt their appearance. Devoniensis, Madame
Eambard, Adam, and Souvenir dun Ami were the
only ones in condition when we saw them. Mr.
B. It. Cant was 3rd, having Marechal Niel, Jules
Finger, Comtesse de Nadaillac, Niphetos, and
Madame Cusin, as his leading examples.

Messrs. J. Burrell & Co., Home House Nurseries,
Cambridge, was a very good 1st for eighteen distinct
Teas, single trusses, with neat and bright specimens
of moderate size, Madame Cusin, Caroline Kuster,
Niphetos, D. Pradel, Luciola, La Boule d'Or, Adam,
and Madame de Watteville, were the best. Messrs.
J. Jeffries & Son, were a close 2nd, showing blooms
which were not so well finished, Niphetos, Souvenir
d'un Ami, Comtesse de Nadaillac, Madame Berard,
and Madame de Watteville, being the chief. Mr. J.
Mattock, Oxford, was 3rd, having creditable
examples of Souvenir d'un Ami, Madame Cusin,
Innocente Pirola, and Miss E. Brownlow.

Prizes for the best twelve trusses of any Tea or
Noisette (Marechal Niel excepted), brought a good
lot of blooms, and a close competition, in which Mr.
Prince led with Comtesse de Nadaillac (premier
bloom), fresh, of fine size and good colour. Mr. F.

tesse d'Oxford, Ulrich Brunner, Victor Hugo, and M.
P. Wilder. Mr. S. P. Budd who was 3rd, had
smallish blooms but good, Ulrich Brunner, Mer-
veille de Lyon, Madame Cusin, Dupey Jamain, and
Duke of Teck, being some other best.

Twenty-four distinct varieties in triplets were
represented by very large blooms from Mr. W. J.
Grant, who was awarded the foremost place in the
competition, Ulrich Brunner, La Havre, Madame S.
Kodocanachi, Louis van Houtte, and Her Majesty
being excellent examples ; 2nd, Mr. S. P. Budd,
Bath, with smaller and less uniform blooms, the TeaR
being poor ; Etienne Levet, Ulrich Brunner, and
Captain Christy were his best blooms.

The next two classes formed a division by them-
selves, from which competitors in other divisions
were excluded. For thirty-six distinct single trusses.
Mr. E. B. Lindsell, Hitchin', was to the fore, with
very fine even blooms ; and he again took 1st in th«
class for eighteen trebles, without competition, and
here again he contributed blooms of good order ; this
exhibitor's leading blooms were Ulrich Brunner, Her
Majesty, La Boule d'Or, Dr. Andry, Prince Arthur,
Xavier Olibo, Catherine Mermet, Madame de
Watteville, Caroline Kuster (premier bloom), Marie
Baumann, Duchesse de Caylus, Merveille de
Lyon, and A. K. Williams. Mr. Lindsell was
followed in the first-named class (for thirty-
six) by Mr. J. Brown, gr. to Mrs. Waterlow,
Great Doods, Reigate, who had bright, but decidedly
smaller blooms : Star of Waltham, Etoile de Lyon,

Joly 13, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

•Comtesse de Nadaillac, Cheshunt Hybrid, Edward
Morren, Her Majesty, and Dupuy Jamain, may be
named. 3rd, Mr. R. E. West, Reigate, bright red
blooms being very freely used here, the most note-
worthy being seen in Duke of Edinburgh, Dr.
Andry, and Alfred Colomb.

In the class for twenty-four distinct singles, and
again for twelve trebles, distinct, 1st and 2nd prizes
fell to Mr. G. Christy, Buckhurst Lodge, Westerham,
and to Rev. A. Foster Melliar, Sproughton Rectory,
Ipswich, respectively, in each instance ; Mr. Christy,
had Ulrich Brunner, Merveille de Lyon, Jean Sou-
<pert, Marie Rady, Dr. Andry, Captain Christy, and
Eclaire, in good form. The 2nd prize lots were also
•composed of popular varieties, and were shown with
plenty of foliage.

Eighteen single trusses. — The blooms in this class
were of great merit, and the competition moderately
■strong. 1st, Rev. L. Garnett, Christleton, Chester.
We noticed the following as being some of the best
blooms :— Mrs. J. Laing, Beauty of Waltham, Duouy
Jamain, Horace Vernet, Star of Waltham, Prince
Arthur, Madame A. Lavalle, Her Majesty, &c. ;
therefore, as will be noticed, the winning lot con-
sisted of a few new and well tried old varieties.
Mr. E. Mawley, Great Berkhamstead, was 2ud,
some good blooms of Camille Bernardin, Marie

The leading twelve triplets were those of Mr.
Lindsell, who showed well, Madame Cusin, Niphetos
( large), La Boule d'Or, and Jean Ducher ; Mr. Osmond
G. Orpen, Colchester, was 2nd, with neat and bright
examples, including Marie Van Houtte, Catherine
Mermet, and Etoile de Lyon.

The Rev. L. Garnet. Chrisleton Rectory, Chester,
led for nine Teas and Noisettes, having Comtesse de
Nadaillac, Madame Cusin, and Perle des Jardins
good. 2ad, Miss P. Baker, Ilolmfels, Reigate, with
a good bloom of Souvenir d'un Ami.

In the minor class for six, Lieutenant-Colonel
E. Standish Hore, Rose Hill, St. Asaph, showed a
very bright, highly creditable lot, with Madame
Cusin in good style.

For twelve triplets, the 1st place was taken by Mr.
W. J. Grant, with a really fine lot— Madame Cusin,
Niphetos, Anna 011ivier,"j. Ducher, and Comtesse
de Nadaillac being the strongest examples. The
2nd lot, from the Rev. J. H. Pemberton, were not so
even. Caroline Kuster, Souvenir d'un Ami, and
Catherine Mermet were some of his best. Neat and
small flowers from the Rev. F. R. Burnside were
3rd, the most popular varieties being included,
and the last named exhibitor led in a large compe-
tition for six trusses of any Tea or Noisette, showing
excellent specimens of Comtesse de Nadaillac.

Fl«. 11. — IDEAL KOSK : GLOBULAR FORM. (SEE P. 40.)

Baumann, Caroline Kuster, Alfred Colomb being
noticeable. 3rd, Mr. J. E. Backhouse, Harworth,
Grange Croft, Darlington, with some large fresh
blooms.

In the twelve single trusses class, 1st, Lieut.-Col.
Standish Hore, Rose Hill, St. Asaph, with excellent
blooms of Marie Finger, Marie Verdier, C. Darwin,
Belle Lyonnaise, &c. ; 2nd, Osmond G. Orpen, Hill
Side, Colchester ; some few fine.blooms were noted —
amongst them, A. Colomb, Captain Christy, Marie
Baumann.

Nine distinct single blooms.— 1st, Mr. Le E.
Times, Hitchin.

Six distinct, single blooms.— 1st, Mr. Ed. Horne,
Park House, Reigate.

Six distinct, in trusses of three— 1st, Mr. J. Mal-
lender, gr. to Miss Mellish, Hadsock Priory, Work-
sop.

Turning now to the amateurs' Teas and Noisettes,
we find them generally of high quality. The best
eighteen distinct singles, for which cash and a Silver
Cup was offered, were from Mr. Grant, who had neat
and bright blooms of fair size, Comtesse de Nadaillac
Madame Cusin, Jean Ducher, Madame Margottin,
and Souvenir de ThiSrese Levet being the finest. The
Rev. F. R. Burnside, Birch Vicarage, Hereford, was
a close 2nd, with medium-sized bright flowers
having as his best Jean Ducher, Comtesse de Nadaillac'
Rubens, Catherine Mermet, Etoile de Lyon, Inno-
«ente Pirola, and Souvenir de P. Neron.

Extra classes, of which there were four, consisted
of quite small exhibits, viz., six distinct single
trusses, by amateurs who had not won a prize at an
exhibition of the National Hose Society.— 1st, Mr.
Whittle, 5G, Avenue Road, Belgrade. Leicester, who
showed fairly good blooms of La France, Captain
Christy, Louise Van Houtte, Her Majesty, and
Fran<;oi8e Michelon ; the 2nd was awarded to Mr.
C. J. Grahame, CoombeRoad, Croydon.

For Roses grown within eight miles of Charing
Cross.— 1st, Mr. J. Bateman, 72, Twisden Koad,
X.W., a nice lot of blooms of popular show Roses ;
2nd, Mr. Otto Frederici, Oncot, Muswell Hill, N,
medium-sized blooms; 3rd, Mr. W. Northover. 20,
Queen's Road, Wimbledon, small blooms.

Six new Roses, distinct, brought well-known Kose
fanciers to the fore. 1st, Rev. J. H. Pemberton,
with Her Majesty, Earl Duflerin, Lady H. Stewart!
Ethel Brownlow, Vicomtesse Folkestone, and Sir
Rowland Hill ; 2nd, T. W. Girdlestone, Esq., Sun-
ningdale, with Scipion Cochet. a very dark bloom ;
M. Cvsar Brunier, like La France ; Lady Alice,
Duchess of Albany, and Madame Hoste. Kev. A.
Foster Melliar took 3rd, Grand Mogul, Mrs. J. Laing,
and Puritan being amongst the varieties shown by
him. Four competed.

Six single trusses of any H.P. brought ten com-
petitors, the veteran showman, Rev. J. H. Pemberton.
as in the previous class, being 1st ; his Earl Dufferin
was a well-grown fine bloom. Mr. Geo. Christy,

Buckhurst Lodge, Westerham, was 2nd, with fine
Marie Baumann.

Open Classes. — Except in the three classes for
garden Roses, species, &c, the exhibits in the classes
were of small numbers, none exceeding twelve trusses
of three flowers, or twelve single flowers. Taking
them seriatim — twelve single trusses of any yellow
Rose excepting Marechal Niel, there were four
entries, and none was so good as to get a 1st prize ;
the 2nd prize fell to Mr. F. Cant, Colchester, with
Comtesse de Nadaillac, fresh and good, with more
pinkiness in them than was visible in the 3rd prize
lot of Mr. G. Prince, 14, Market Street, Oxford.

The best twelve of any white Rose, excepting
Niphetos, was shown by Messrs. Harkness & Sous,
Bedale, a beautiful stand of Merveille de Lyon. Of
this variety there were no less than nine stands in
this competition, and the total number of entries
were fourteen ; 3rd, Mr. B. R. Cant, with The Bride,
small blooms, or rather buds.

Twelve of any crimson Rose other than Marie
Baumann and A. K. Williams.— This competition
brought seven competitors, the 1st prize falling to
Messrs. Cooling & Sons, Bath, with Alf. Colomb
— a splendid stand, with only one weak flower in it.
Messrs. J. Cranston & Co., King's Acre, Hereford,
was placed 2nd, with A. Colomb— a very nice lot ;
and Ulrich Brunner of Messrs. Harkness & Sons
took the 3rd. This was a fine and even lot of blooms,
with scarcely a weak bloom.

Twelve velvety crimson Roses, excluding Prince
Camille de Pohan, brought Messrs. Paul & Son,
Old Nurseries, Cheshunt, to the front, with that good
but not very large variety— Reynolds Hole ; Messrs.
Keynes, Williams & Co., Salisbury, took the 2nd
place, with the same variety. The blooms in the
last-named exhibit were smaller, and some spoilt
with double centres. Mr. J. Grant, Ledbury, was
3rd, and would have been 2nd probably, but for two
exceedingly weak blooms.

The next class, for twelve blooms of Marechal
Niel, lacked entries.

In the next, twelve trusses of Marie Baumann,
there were five entries. The 1st fell to Mr. Mount,
Exotic Rose Nursery, Canterbury, for a stand of
blooms of fine substance, large, and typical of the
variety, and just a little past their best ; 2nd, Messrs.
Paul & Son, Cheshunt, with blooms of the finest
colour, but not correspondingly good in other points ;
3rd, Messrs. G. Bunyard & Co., Maidstone, with
medium-sized blooms, showing of a more decided
purplish-mauve than others observed.

Twelve blooms of Lady Mary Fitzwilliam. — 1st,
Messrs. J. Cocker & Sons, Aberdeen, N.B., with
flowers thick of petal, but, like all the other stands
of the variety, of irregular size and of different ages ;
2nd, Mr. B. R. Cant, with flowers having a deeper
tint, but less substance than the preceding; 3rd,
Mr. F. Cant, with small flowers. It may be remarked
that the season for this variety is now past.

Twelve blooms of A. K. Williams.— 1st, Messrs.
Paul & Son, Cheshunt, nice, symmetrical, fresh-
looking blooms ; 2nd, Mr. B. R". Cant. Two lots
only.

Twelve blooms of Niphetos. — This was one of the
strong classes, the entries numbering ten. Here Mr.
F. Cant took the 1st prize with well-developed
blooms, very even in size, but rather thin in the
petal ; Mr. G. Prince took 2nd, and Messrs. Paul &
Son, Cheshunt, 3rd, both nice stands.

Twelve blooms of that grand Rose, Her Majesty. —
Here Messrs. Paul & Son, Cheshunt, were placed
1st. hard run by Mr. W. J. Grant, who secured the
2nd prize, with blooms of medium size and good
substance. It was substance only which decided the
competition in Messrs. Paul's favour. Her Majesty
was certainly one of the finest Roses, if not the
finest, in the show. In the any Rose competition,
Mr. F. Cant was 1st with Madame de Watteville;
2nd, Mr. W. J. Grant with Ulrich Brunner, very
large, fresh, and no weak ones ; 3rd, Mr. G. Prince,
with Madame de Nadaillac. Six entries.

Twelve blooms of any new Rose excepting Her
Majesty : 1st, Messrs. J. Cocker & Sons, with Ladv
Alice, splendid blooms for size and substance. That
small bouquet rose, The Bride, was shown by Mr. B.
R. Cant, and secured for him the 2nd prize ; 3rd,
Messrs. Paul & Son, Cheshunt, for Queen cf
Autumn, a medium-sized crimson flower. Five
entries.

Twelve new Roses, distinct, single trusses: 1st,
Mr. F. Cant, with Viscountess Folkestone, M. Mat
Baron, Her Majesty, Grand Mogul, The Bride, Prim-
rose Dame, Miss Echel Burnside, Duchess of Leeds,
Silver Queen, and Earl Dufferin. Space does not
allow us in this place to descant on their merits, but

THE GARDENERS1 CHRONICLE.

[July 13, 1889.

which will be noticed shortly. Messrs. Paul & Son,
■Oheshunt, took 2nd place with Madame Marie
Treyve, a nice bright crimson H.P. ; Madame Josef
Desbois, a flesh pink, Tea-scented variety ; Madame
Selves, crimson and rose, &c.

The finest new Rose was Souvenir de S. A Prince,
described recently in onr columns, and shown by
Mr. 6. Prince, who was awarded the Society's Gold
Medal.

A collection of garden Roses, excluding all H.P.s,
.and all T. and N. mentioned in the National Hose
Society catalogue of exhibition Roses, brought ten
competitors, and amongst them were exhibited most
of the old-fashioned varieties. The 1st prize fell to
Messrs. Paul & Son, Cheshunt, and the 2nd to
Messrs. J. Cranston & Co.

Mr. G. Prince was 1st- in the class for twelve Moss
and Provence Roses, and Messrs. Paul & Son, 2nd ;
with Mr. House, Peterborough, 3rd.

There was nothing very new, but many of those
pretty varieties were observed in the various boxes,
that are all too rare in our gardens. We mention
White Provence, Vivid, Saltet, Blanch Moreau, Nuits
d' Young, J. Veitch, Baron de Wassenaer.

The competition in button-hole Roses was not
severe, but it brought many varieties into view that
.are not often seen. A few of these we give below,
<viz. : — Homer, Souvenir de P. Neron, W. A. Richard-
son, M. Capucine. Niphetos, Marie Van Houtte,
W. F. Bennett, dark crimson ; Innocente Pirola,
•Oomtesse de Nadaillac, Eugene Flirst, David Pradel,
Bouquet d'Or, and Souvenir de Therese Levet.

The prizes fell to Mr. J. Mattock, of New Head-
■itigton, Oxford ; Messrs. G. Bunyard & Co., and G.
•Cooling & Son. in the order of their names.

Baskets of Teas and Noisettes. — Mrs. Mawley, the
wife of the Society's Secretary, took 1st prize for the
<most beautifully arranged basket of Roses; the 2nd
being taken by Miss Agnes Bloxara, Eltham.

The premier blooms, for which the Society's Silver
Medals were awarded, were as follows : —

Nurserymen. — H.P., VJlrich Brunner, from R. Mack
.<- Son; Teas, Comtesse de Nadaillac, from Mr. G.
{Prince.

Amateurs. — H.P., Marie Baumann, from Mr.
■Grant; Teas, Caroline Kuster, from Mr. Lindsell.

Special, ]>rhes were offered by Messrs. J. Carter
.& Co., 2.37 and 238, High Holborn, London, for a
dish of twenty pods of their Peas Anticipation, Tele-
phone, and Stratagem; and for the best fruit of
■Carter's Blenheim Orange Melon.

In the Peas Competition, 1st, Mr. J. Coombs, gr.,
Sheen House, Mortlake; 2nd, Mr. A. Gibson, gr.,
Ilalsted Place, Kent; 3rd, Mr. C. J. Waite, gr.,
■Glenhurst, Esher; the last-named exhibitor being
also 1st for the Melon, with Mr. Chettleburgh, gr.,
Worstead House, N6rwich, 2nd.

Special prizes were offered by Messrs. Sutton &
Sons, Reading, for two dishes of twenty-four pods
•each of Peas from seed supplied by them. 1st. Mr.
■C. J. Waite ; 2nd, Mr. T. A. Beckett, Cole Hatch
Farm, Amersham ; 3rd, Mr. A. Gibson.

Messrs. Sutton & Sons' prizes for a fruit of Hero
■of Lockynge Melon were secured by, 1st, Mr. Chettle-
burgh and Mr. C. J. Waite — fine-looking fruits in
tooth instances.

EOYAL HORTICULTURAL.

Jolt 9. — The meetings of the committees of this
Society were held in the gardens at Chiswick, last
Tuesday, when there was a good attendance of ex-
hibitors and committeemen. At this season of the
year there is always a falling of!', and as the local
horticultural society held its show in the gardens on
the same day, visitors were also numerous.

Floral Committee.

Present : W. Marshall, Esq., in the chair ; and
Messrs. W. Goldring, S. Hibberd, J. Walker, H.
I Herbst, Ch. Noble, H. Turner, L. Castle, B.
Wynne, J. O'Brien, T. Haines, J. Dorainy, .).
Douglas, J. Eraser, W. Holmes, F. lioss, and Dr.
M. T. Masters.

Mr. J. Walker, Thame, Oxon, sent a collection of
Sweet Williams in a variety of colours, mostly light
varieties, and all showing very pleasing combinations.
Everlasting Peas, in which were a good red and also
a good whitp, as well as a dozen fine blooms of
Zinnias in a variety of colours, also came from
him.

Mr. C. Turner, Royal Nurseries, Slough, contri-
buted twenty-four Carnation blooms of high quality,
i including Dorothy, rose-flake, and Dorothy, yellow

ground ; Purple Emperor, Mrs. Reynolds Hole, Har-
rison Weir, Amber Almira, and Sarah Payne. Other
exhibitors of Carnations were Mr. J. Douglas, Great
Gearies, Ilford, who sent Felicity, white with flakes
of pink and purple carmine ; and Messrs. Hooper &
Co., Limited, who had The Shah, deep bright red
self, and Princess Louise, yellow with brown-red
flakes at the tops of the petals.

A fine double white Begonia with a number of
flowers was sent by H. Little, Esq., The Barons,
Twickenham (gr., Mr. S. Watts), but it received no
award.

One of the most attractive objects shown was a
group of plants in 4S's of a new Capsicum, Coral
Red, from Mr. S. Mortimer, Farnham Nursery,
Surrey. It is most decorative, bearing conical bright
red fruits, about 1 inch long, in profusion, and, more-
over, carries them upright.

Calceolarias of a medium quality were sent by Mr.
A. R. Brown, Handsworth, Birmingham ; and from
M. Lemoine Nancy were a few Pelargoniums, Ivy-
leaved and zonal. Berthelot, rich rose ; and a large
double flower was a good variety of the former clsss;
and of the zonals Souvenir de Mirand, pale scarlet,
with whitish upper petals, may be selected. Others
were bearing tine trusses of bloom, but were not of
striking appearance.

Mr. W. Gordon, Twickenham, sent a few cut
blooms of Iris Kaempferi varieties, and also a hand-
some variety of Lilium auratum, white with a lemon
yellow mid-rib to each segment.

A very fine and elegant Japanese Iris came from
Mr. Ross, gr. to Sir G. Macleay, Pendell Court
Gardens, Bletchingley, who, we believe, has imported
a number of forms direct in this, which was certifi-
cated as White Banner, the falls are 5 inches by 4
inches, and the whole flower white with a suspicion
of blue on the falls, which lends a very pleasing
effect, it is one of the largest Irises we have seen.

Messrs. Wm. Paul & Son, Waltham Cross, N., sent
a few cut blooms of Roses, bright, and of good sub-
stance, the best being Spenser, represented by
large specimens — Marchioness of Lome, Baroness
Rothschild, and the new Corinna.

A collection of cut blooms of hardy herbaceous
plants came from Mr. T. S. Ware, Hale Farm -Nur-
series, Tottenham; Liliums formed the major por-
tion, and Pentstemons, Eryngiums, Gaillardias, &c,
were plentiful ; Lilium pardalinum luteum, indian-
yellow, with brown spots ; and an ivory-white double
"Carnation, named Mrs. S. Watts, were good objects.

Cut flowers of Sweet Peas from Mr. Eckford,
Boreaton Park, were, as usual, very phasing, the
individual blooms being of fine size ; Purple Prince
is a purple-red variety; Empress of India, white,
with rose standard ; Mrs. Gladstone, pale pink ;
Miss Hunt, pale carmine-rose ; and Ignea, deep
ditto, were the most noteworthy.

From Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, S.W.,
came a small collection of cut specimens of shrubs ;
Genista capitatus was represented by flowering
shoots, as was Hypericum coris, and the Pea-
flowered Notospartium Carmichaehc, the pink
striated flowers of which are very elegant. Other
specimens were Cupressus nutkaensis, with white
tips to the shoots; C. Goveniana, with very minute
foliage ; and Retinospora tilifera aurea, the gold
variegated tips to the shoots giving a pleasing
effect ; Rhodanthe maculata fl.-pl., deep rose, and a
white form of the same, as well as single and double
forms of Campanula calycanthema, with fine large
flowers, were also shown.

From the collections of annuals which are this
year being grown in the Society's gardens, there was
a selection of cut flowers, including a variety of
Sweet Peas and Poppies, and of the others Candy-
tufts, Clarkias, &c, were well represented. Linaria
reticulata aureo purpurea is very pretty, the lip of
the flower being bright yellow, and contrasting well
with the purple-brown hues prevailing elsewhere.
Lavatera . trimestris, rose and a white form, were
also noticeable, as well as Calliopsis coronaria and
C. DrummonUi. Lupins, &c.

Orchid Committee.

Present: Dr. M. T. Masters, in the chair; and
Messrs. T. Baines, J. Douglas, L. Castle, .1. Dominv,
H. J. Veitch, and J. O'Brien.

There were onl} a few exhibits here to occupy the
small committee. Mr. Charlesworth, Heaton Brad-
ford, contributed cut spikes of Oncidium crispum
grandirtorum. laden with large-sized flowers; Catt-
leya Mendelii, with a fine coloured lip, and the
rest of the flower faintly tinted ; and a good piece
of C. gigas Sanderiasa.

Mr. Whillans, gr. to the Duke of Marlborough,
sent a variety of Cattleya Mendelii, white, with pale
traces of pink on the sepals, petals pure white, and
the lip also white with lemon-yellow in the throat.

A small group containing some good quality
plants arranged with Adiantum, was shown by F. G
Tautz, Esq. (gr., Mr. Cowley), Shepherd's Bush,
Cypripedium Stonei, Odontoglossum Harryanum,
Phaius Humbloti, L:clia callistoglossa, and Miltonia
vexillaria superba, small flowers with a very dark
base to the lip, on the side of which is a zone of white,
the rest of the lip and other parts of the flower being
rosy lilac ; and a curious little object, Physosiphon
Loddigesii, with a loose spike about 0 inches long,
bearing minute flowers, the sepals form a tube which
is green, and spread into three- equal segments
coloured red.

Fruit Committee.

Present: T. F. Rivers, Esq., in the chair; and
Messrs. J. Wright, W. Wildsmith, W. Bates, W. .
Denning, J. Smith, U. Wythes, W. Warren, and P.
Crowley.

Exhibits before this Committee were more
numerous than usual. Mr. Goodacrc, Elvaston
Gardens, Derby, showed fruits of a new seedling
Melon named Countess (American Musk X Cash-
mere), the fruits are large, white flesh, very tender,
and sweet, and the skin thin and of a pale yellow
colour. It is moreover a prolific bearer, aud was
thought very well of.

Mr. C. Turner had fruits of a yellow Tomato, a
sport from Perfection, which it resembles ; referred
for trial in the gardens.

Excellent, luscious fruits of Cherries were sent by
Messrs. T. Rivers & Son, Sawbridgeworth, one
named Olivet, of much the same colour as the
Morello, is a fine flavoured fruit for culinary
purposes.

The white Grape, a seedling from Monukka,
called Mrs. Eyre, was shown by Mr. C. Ross, Welford
Park Gardens, Newbery.

Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons sent specimens of
Cabbage Lettuce, La Grosse Paresseuse was
certificated as a good lasting sort, which does not
bolt. It was stated by the exhibitors to be the
longest laster in a collection of fifty-eight sorts.

Mr. Allen, Gunton Park Gardens, Norwich, sent
fruits of Strawberries of fine size and good general
appearance. There were specimens of Waterloo, Dr.
Hogg, Amateur, Unser Fritz, Crimson Queen, British
Queen, Countess, Loxford Hall, and John Rowell.
Several seedlings were also shown.

From the Society's collections there were : spe-
cimens of Chicory Asparagus (certificated last year),
which is not of very handsome appearance ; fruits of
a seedling Strawberry (F. lucidaxThe Hautbois),
with numerous moderate sized fruits, having a dis-
tinct pine flavour, which was very pleasant. Fruits
of Waterloo were also shown. Tomatos, of which
a large collection is being grown at Chiswick again
this year, were represented by Advancer, Tennis
Ball, and Horsford's Prelude, all of which are pro-
lific varieties and handsome.

The committee inspected the trial grounds and
awarded certificates to Raspberry Hornet (Rivers),
an old variety of large size, and worthy of cultiva-
tion, and to Pea Consummate from .Mr. Eckford.

Awards were made as follows : —

BY THE FLORAL COMMITTEE.
First-class Certificates.

Ketinospora tilifera aurea, from Messrs. .1. Veitch
& Sons (unanimously).

Rhodanthe maculata fl.-pl. and U. alba, from
Messrs. Veitch & Sons (9 votes to 1).

Lilium pardalinum var. lutea. from Mr. T.S.Ware
(4 votes to 3).

Iris White Banner, from Mr. Boss (unanimously).

Awards of Merit.

Campanula calycanthema. double and single, from
Messrs. .1. Veitch & Sons (9 votes to 1).

Carnation Mrs. Frank Watts, from Mr. T. S. Ware
i unanimously).

Capsicum Coral Red, from Mr. Mortimer (unani-
mously).

Sweet William strains, Mr. J. Walker (7 for).

BY THE ORCHID COMMITTEE.
First-class Certificates.
Oucidium crispum var. grandiflora, from Mr.
Charlesworth (4 votes to 1).

Cattleya Mendelii Duchess of Marlborough, from
Mr. Whillans (unanimously).

Joly 13, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

Botanical Certificate.
Physosiphon Loddigesii, from F. G. Tautz, Esq.,
(unanimous).

BY THE FRUIT COMMITTEE.
First-class Certificates.
Melon Countess, from Mr. Goodacre.
Lettuce La Grosse Paresseuse, from Messrs. J.
Veitch & Sons.
JUspberry Hornet, from Messrs. T. Rivers & Sons.
Pea Consummate, from Mr. Eckford.

ROYAL CALEDONIAN SUMMER SHOW.

July 10 and 11. — The summer show of the premier
Scottish Society was opened on Wednesday, July
10, in the Waverly Market, Edinburgh. For this
season the entries were numerous, over 900 having
been received in all the classes ; but it is an un-
doubted fact all the same, that from one cause or
another, the spacious Market hall had not the same
filled and finished aspect which it usually presents on a
Caledonian show day. The weather, too, was most un-
propitious. Farmers, nurserymen, and gardeners, all
stand very much in want of rain for their fields and
gardens, on which the drought was beginning to tell
heavily ; but the Committee of Management of the
Show would not have been displeased if the grate-
ful rain had not commenced to fall until the evening
of the second day of the show.

The prize money offered for competition amounted
to £223, which was very well distributed over the
schedule.

Roses. — On this occasion Roses, of course, formed
the chief feature of interest, and the entries, both in
the nurseryman and gardener classes were numerous,
there having been no fewer than 800 entries in all.
In the chief competitions there was a good master
of distinguished Rose-growers from the North and
South of Scotland, and from the North of Ireland,
and the Roses, as a rule, were shown in very good
condition. The season, however, though one in
■which brilliant sunshine has prevailed, has not been
too favourable for Rose culture. The heat has
brought on the blooms too soon, and while giving
them colour has robbed them somewhat of substance,
this being notably the case with many H.P.'s, which
were distinctly undersized.

For the best forty-eight, Mr.Hugh Dickson, Belmont,
Belfast, carried off theblue ribbon. From this famous
nursery better Roses perhaps have been seen before ;
all the same, the stand was a very even one, and could
not be beaten. Among other notable Roses in it we
observed Captain Christy, Reynolds Hole, and the
Baroness Rothschild. Messrs. Cocker & Son, Aber-
deen, were an excellent 2nd. In the north of Scot-
land where they hail from, Roses are hardly come
into full maturity yet, but their stand was a very
attractive one, colour and quality being studied.
Among the cream of a very nice lot may be men-
tioned Merveille de Lyon, Gabriel Luizet, Marie
Verdier, Lady Mary Fitzwilliam. This firm, though
they have only come to the front in recent years as
Rose growers, deserve every commendation for their
enterprise — they being the only Scotch growers
that exhibited at the Crystal Palace last week,
and with much success. Another firm that
have been steadily making their way is that of
Messrs. D. & W. Croll, Dundee, which, though only
placed 3rd in thi3 competition, had an extraordinary
run of luck with Roses under other headings of the
schedule. In this stand they were strong in Teas —
a pre-eminence which did them every credit. A
second Irish competitor, not often seen at Edin-
burgh— Messrs. Samuel McGredy & Son, Portadown
— exhibited a very fair forty-eight, but failed to get
into the prize list.

For the best twenty-four, Messrs. Cocker & Son
had a decided victory. There were fewer weak
blooms here than in any of the forty-eight cases.
Her Majesty, Alphonse Soupert, and Mrs. John
Laing, were the leading Roses. The 2nd honour
went to Messrs. D. & W. Croll, in whose collection
Marie Baumann and A. K. Williams were the gems.
3rd place was accorded to Messrs. Smith & Sons,
Stranraer, a firm that has done much to stimulate
Rose culture in the South of Scotland.

For twentv-four Tea Roses, Messrs. D. & W. Croll
had 1st honours, and Messrs. Cocker & Sons 2nd.
The gems of the former collection were Madame de
Watteville, Madame Cusin, Niphetos, and Rubens ;
and of the latter, Grace Darliog, Marie van Houtte,
Edith Gifford. and Vicountess Folkestone.

Messrs. D. & W. Croll staged a superb lot in the
competition for twelve trusses of Roses, the group

being all Teas ; and in the same competition, Mr.
Hugh Dickson came 2nd, with trusses of H.P.'s ;
while Messrs. McGredy & Son were 3rd. A special
award was given in this class to Messrs. Cocker &
Sons, who had a charming lot, very daintily
displayed.

In the competition for twelve Roses sent out since
1887, Messrs. Thomas Smith & Sons had an easy
1st. The stand included Caroline d'Arden, a
superb new Rose, the result of a cross between A. K.
Williams and Marie Baumann ; Lady Alice, with
creamy-white flowers ; Louis Lille, Madame Richeau,
Madame F. Heine, and Gloire de Margottin, the
last-mentioned a dazzling red, which promises to be
as free flowering and useful as the well-known
General Jacqueminot. Mr. Belmont's stand was
placed 2nd, and in it we observed Louis Donadine,
Mr. Rowland Hill, and Caroline d'Arden.

In the gardeners and amateurs class, Mr. Alex-
ander Kirk, gr. to Mr. J. Thomson Paton, Norwood,
also had an easy win for the best thirty-six Roses.
They were on the whole a very nice lot ; among con-
spicuous blooms being Etienne Levet and General
Jacqueminot. Mr. Kirk had also 1st honours
awarded to him for the best twenty-four. The
Rev. W. Thorndin, Kinglurrie Manse, Fife, had
a very nice lot of six Roses, which got him
1st ticket. Some very nice lots were staged in
the open competitions. Here Messrs. Smith &
Son were to the front for the best new twelve
Roses — a specialty being Silver Queen, which might
be best described as a white Victor Verdier.
The Belmont eight Roses were placed 2nd. For
the best yellow Roses Mr. Hugh Dickson, Belmont,
was 1st, with Gloire de Dijon, but the stand was
only a moderate lot.

The best lot of white Roses was a stand of Mer-
veille de Lyon, which was shown by Messrs. McGredy
& Son, Portadown ; alike in colour and size, they
left little to be desired.

Messrs. D. & W. Croll were placed 1st for the best
stand of crimson Roses (Mr. E. Y. Teas) ; Mr. David
Robertson, Helensburgh, was 2nd, with Marie Bau-
mann.

Mr. Hugh Dickson got the first ticket for any
dark Rose, with La Rosiere ; Messrs. McGredy &
Son being 2nd, with Horace Vernet.

The award for the best twelve single blooms of
any Rose went to Messrs. D. & W. Croll, with Lady
Fitzwilliam ; Messrs. Cocker & Sons showing in this
competition a very fine lot of Mrs. John Laing,
which, however, did not get placed.

Messrs. McGredy & Son were 1st in the competi-
tion for Merveille de Lyon — a lot shown in grand
order.

Miscellaneous. — To the nurserymen of Edinburgh
the show was, as usual, indebted for many
attractive features — not the least important of
which were the fine tables of plants shown by
Messrs. Laird & Sons, Ireland & Thomson, Dick-
sons & Co., and Thomas Methven & Sons.
The two former firms competed for the best tables
of plants, 40 by 10 feet, for effect, and it was really
a toss up between them. Ultimately the 1st prize
was given to Messrs. Laird, whose arrangement was
considered the better of the two. Ireland & Thom-
son, whose table was laden with valuable plants,
came 2nd. Messrs. Laird made admirable use for
decorative purposes of the graceful Eulalia japonica,
and the firm had also a fine display of Crotons,
including Neumanii, Warrenii, and Flambeau, a
good specimen of Alocasia Sanderiana, and some
fine Orchids and Heaths. The newer plants on
Ireland & Thomson's table were : — a new bright
crimson Gloxinia (Flambeau), new Ivy-leaved
Pelargoniums Flourens and Cuvier, Amasonia
punicea, with bright stem and flowers ; Leea amabilis,
with graceful drooping green leaves of soft texture,
with white vein ; Ataccia cristata, and a number of
the finer Crotons and Dracaenas. Messrs. Methven 's
table was also embellished with a fine selection of
Crotons and Dracaenas, among which appeared to
great advantage the chaste and beautiful Bermuda
Lily.

Messrs. Dickson & Co., showed a fine collection of
herbaceous plants, among which appeared Tropseo-
lium polyphyllum, with its rich golden flowers.
They had also a capital lot of Pansies, French Mari-
golds, and white Pinks (Mrs. William Welsh), and a
couple of majestic tree Ferns.

Messrs. James Dickson & Sons, exhibited a choice
collection of twelve Conifers which included fine
specimens of Retinospora obtusa nana aurea, Cedrus
atlantica glauca, Cupressus Lawsoniana lutea, and
Retinospora plumosa aurea.

In the competition for the best table of plants

open to gardeners and amateurs, Mr. R. Grossart, of
Oswald Road, had to lower his colours to a new ex-
hibitor—Mr. R. B. White, Arddarroch, Gareloch-
head, the chief feature on whose table was a fine
collection of Orchids. The same competitors ran
neck and neck in the competition for Orchids, but
in this case the decision was reversed. Mr. White
was also 1st for the best twelve trusses of cut flowers
of stove and greenhouse plants. The first four
Orchids in Mr. Grossart 's collection were Cattleya
Imperialis, Lalia purpurata, Vanda suavis, and
Cypripedium Stonei.

Messrs. Munro & Ferguson put up an interesting
table of plants in competition for the Society's prize
for " a collection of alpine and herbaceous plants in
flower, not less than fifty species," consisting of
Liliums, Campanulas, Gentians, Triteleia laxa,
Sedums, Saxifragas, &c, which was much admired
and took 1st prize; and Mr. Gordon of Conelly
Park, Falkirk, who tabled only the fifty species
stipulated for by the schedule, was placed 2nd.
In his fifty we noted well - bloomed specimens
of Silene pusilla, Erythrtea diffusa, and Edrianthus
dalmaticus. Among other nurserymen's exhibits
were a fine lot of perennial Delphiniums from Mr.
Irwine, of Jedburgh, the best of which — all were
very superior — were the following three: — Wm.
Douglas, enormous spikes of very large blooms,
azure suffused with red ; Miss Veitch, violet, with
broad red margin to petals; Provost Boyd, violet
shaded red, semi-double, with white central petals.

Fruit. — The fruit was exceptionally good for the
season, though we might have expected that the
competition for Strawberries would have been keener.
Mr. McHattie, gr. to the Marquis of Lothian, New-
battle, and Mr. T. Boyd, Callander Park, Falkirk,
had the chief prizes for Grapes. Mr. Mclnnde,
Hutton Hall, Guisborough, was 1st for a collection
of eight dishes of fruit ; and the leading prize for
Strawberries went to Mr. Malcolm Mclntyre, The
Glen, with dishes of President, Keen's Seedling,
Laxton's Noble, and The Captain.

Among other noteworthy exhibits were Mr. R.
Grossart's prize lot of stove and greenhouse plants ;
and the same gentleman's exotic Ferns, which were
shown in a delightfully fresh condition; Mr. Paterson,
Millbank, excelled in Heaths ; Fuchsias also were in
good repute, Mr. D. Plenderlein, who was 1st, sho
wing a grandly flowered pot of Lord Beaconsfield.
For a new scarlet-fleshed Melon, a First-class Certifi-
cate was awarded to Mr. L. Dow, gr. to Sir David
Baird, Newbyth, after whom the Melon has been
named.

In Vegetables there wa3 a very gratifying increase,
both in the entries and in the quality of the stuff,
although that has always been a well maintained
feature in the vegetable exhibits at these shows for
many years past. The exceptionally fine spring and
early summer which has been experienced in Scot-
land no doubt has had much to do, not only with the
quantity, but the superior quality of vegetable and
other outdoors garden products.

Later, the judges and others were entertained
at dinner in the Waterloo Hotel, under the
presidency of Mr. Ireland, of Messrs. Ireland &
Thomson. Mr. Milne (Dickson & Sons) was
croupier. Mr. James Syme gave the toast of the
" Royal Caledonian Horticultural Society," and men-
tioned that they were that day celebrating its
eightieth anniversary. The Secretary, Mr. Young,
responded. " The Health of the Judges," was given
by Mr. Methven, and replied to by Mr. George
McKinnon, Melville Castle.

CHISWICK HORTICULTURAL.

July 9. — The ninth annual show was held in the
gardens of the Royal Horticultural Society, on the
same day as the meetings of the Committees referred
to in another place. The general tone of the show
was not up to that of former years, plants being only
of average quality, the groups not so numerous, and
showing much sameness.

For a group arranged for effect, Mr. Brown, Rich-
mond, who has led for the two previous years, again
was placed 1st, and consequently takes the Challenge
Cup as his own property. Liliums, Palms, Crotons,
Odontoglossums, and Adiantums were freely used in
a light and graceful arrangement. Messrs. W.
Fromow & Sons, Chiswick, ran him very closely, but
their group was too crowded in the centre ; the
materials and their arrangement were almost the
same as in Mr. Brown's.

The Veitch Memorial trustees offered a Medal for
a group from amateurs, and here again the same

THE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

[July 13, 1889.

style of group was contributed by Mr. A. Wright,
gr. to E. H. Watts, Esq., Devonhurst, Chiswick, who
was the successful competitor. Hydrangea panicu-
lata, Orchids, and Crotons were good here.

Non-competing groups were sent by Mr. May, gr.
to the Marquis of Bute, Chiswick House, who had a
very elegant arrangement of miscellaneous plants, in
which Coleus and Carnations were good ; and Mr.
W. Gordon, Twickenham, sent a group of Lilium
auratum vars., and Japanese Maples. Messrs. J.
Veitch & Son, Chelsea, sent a large collection of cut
herbaceous plants, including Iceland Poppies, Shirley
Poppies, varieties of single and double Campanula
calycanthema, Phloxes, and double llhodanthe macu-
lata, bright rose ; and a white form of the same,
which were awarded Certificates by the Royal Horti-
cultural Society.

Mr. W. Rumsey, Joyning's Nursery, Waltham
Cross, N., led for twenty-four Roses, with fine and
bright blooms of popular varieties ; and Mr. Langdon,
Ealing, had the best twelve.

York and Lancaster Roses [not true to name, the
sort shown being Rosa mundi] were well shown, the
1st place being awarded to Mr. Chadwick, gr. to E.
M. Nelson, Esq., Hanger Hill, Ealiug.

Prizes were offered by F. G. Tautz, Esq., for a
collection of Orchids, which brought a good lot from
H. Little, Esq , Twickenham, Cattleya Sanderiana,
Dendrobium Pierardi, and Loelia purpurata being
good plants. Mr. J. C. Cowley, Studley House
Gardens, Shepherd's Bush, was 1st and 2nd for cut
specimens ; and Mr. Little again led for three plants,
showing specimen Cypripediums ; and other prizes
were also taken by him for cut zonal and Ivy-leaved
Pelargoniums, and for Begonias. Mr. Wright led
for Gloxinias, specimen Fuchsias, Selaginellas, Ferns,
and Begonias. Caladiums were best from Mr.
Harding, gr. to W. E. Tautz, Esq., Chiswick, in fine
specimens.

Mr. W. Bates, gr. to J. T. Nicholson, Esq., Poulett
Lodge, Twickenham, had the best stove and green-
house plants, leading easily with a good Cleroden-
dron Balfourianum and Plumbago capensis ; and
Mr.. J. S. Waite, gr. to the Hon. Colonel Talbot,
Glenhurst, Esher, led for hardy Ferns in fair speci-
mens and for cut Gloxinias.

In the fruit and vegetable sections, cottagers con-
tributed largely and very well. For the large col-
lections of fruit, Mr. Bates led with good Queen
Pine, Melon, and Grapes; with Mr. Osman.gr. to
L. J. Baker, Esq., Chertsey, 2nd, having well grown
Grapes. Specimen bunches of black and white
Grapes were good from Mr. Baker, who took 1st for
each. Messrs. Bates, Wright, Ward, Chadwick,
and Palmer were successful in other classes. For
vegetables, Mr. Waite swept the board in many
classes. Mr. Chadwick had 1st for a collection.
Messrs. Waite, Coombe, Stickler, and Palmer took
the special prizes offered by Messrs. Sutton and
Messrs. Carter. Mr. Waite scoring heavily.

THE SCOTTISH HORTICULTURAL
ASSOCIATION.

This Association held its usual monthly meeting
iu 5, St. Andrew Square, Edinburgh, on the 2nd
inst., Mr. Milne, of James Dickson & Sons, Vice-
President, in the chair. Mr. Eraser, gr., Arddarroch,
read a paper on the genus Cypripedinm, and gave an
interesting history of the introduction of the various
species to cultivation in Britain, along with remarks
in passing on the peculiarities of the habitat of each,
which served to illustrate their individual require-
ments from a cultural point of view. The paper
concluded with concise and clear remarks on the
chief points to be observed in the culture of the
various species. On the subject of compost, it was
recommended to use only peat fibre of the best
quality and live sphagnum in equal proportions for
all except C. insigne, which preferred a loamy com-
post. The paper was illustrated by plants and cut
flowers of C. Parishii, C. Veitchii, C. barbatum
biflorum, C. ciliare, C. superciliare, C. nxvium, C.
bitatulum, and others, and also by numerous coloured
plates.

Of exhibits, Mr. Lewis H. J. Watson, Falkirk,
had a very distinct and pecular form of crested Las-
trea filixmas, was bearing the name Watsoni, which
received a First-class Certificate. The plant is five
years old, occupied a 6-inch flower-pot, and the
tallest frond only stands about 6 or 7 inches above
the rim of the pot. The fronds have a fine dark
green lustrous appearance, elegantly crested at the
apex, and every panicle is also crested. It will
become a favourite with hardy Fern fanciers when

it becomes better known ; a consummation, however,
which is likely to be deferred for some time, as the
plant has hitherto proven to be infertile.

Mr. Rushton, gr., CorBtorphine, exhibited a flower of
a new double seedling Tuberous Begonia, which was
greatly admired, and was also awarded a First-class
Certificate. It is a beautiful primrose colour ;
the flowers are about 3 inches across, very full,
compact, and closely resembling a Hollyhock in
appearance.

Mr. John Downie, Beech Hill Nursery, exhibited
a very superior collection of Delphiniums of the
perennial sections.

Mr. Mungo Temple, The Gardens, Carrow House,
near Falkirk, exhibited a sample of Black Alicante
Grape, cut and bottled in October last, the fine condi-
tion of which as regard flavour, and texture or plump-
ness of berry was favourably commented upon. In a
letter from Mr. Temple, read by the Secretary of the
Association to the meeting, it was stated that the
Grapes had lost nothing in either weight, bloom or
flavour since they were cut and placed in the bottles,
and certainly the sample before the meeting was
fine, and appeared to bear out this statement.

Messrs. Jas. Dickson & Sons exhibited a miscella-
neous collection of hardy flowers, including some
fine Delphiniums, Peonies, and Iris. Mr. Hender-
son, Clermiston, exhibited Chrysanthemum Mrs.
Burrell, well-bloomed in a 6-inch pot; and Mrs.
Sprague, March Bank, Davidson's Mains, Edinburgh,
sent a beautiful plant in flower of Campanula bar-
bata collected by herself, in 1887, on the Chamossaire
Mountain, near Bex, Switzerland.

A remarkable fine form of Cattleya Mendelii
Whitei was also exhibited by Mr. Fraser, Ard-
darroch, the parts of the flowers of which were of
unusual size even for this fine species, and the lip
was unusually deeply coloured about three-parts of
its length, and the sepals deeply suffused on the
margin with bright rose-purple. It received a First-
class Certificate.

TWICKENHAM HORTICULTURAL,

Joly 3. — A somewhat cloudy but still warm
pleasant day greeted the usual summer exhibition of
this Society, held in the grounds of Powlett Lodge,
close to the town, on the above date. Mr. Bates is
the well-known gardener here, the property being
now in the possession of J. T. Nicholson, Esq. The
show was an excellent one, although there was not
that remarkable competition in the open classes for
fruit seen last year, due doubtless to varying causes,
for fruit seems to be in few cases nearly as
usual. Several effective honorary plant groups were
staged.

Messrs. Hooper & Co., of Pine-apple Nursery, and
formerly of Twickenham, staged a brilliant collec-
tion of Caladiums ; Mr. W. Gordon, Twickenham,
showed a not less effective, but for the most highly
perfumed group of his fine Lilies, especially auratums
and dwarf deep-coloured forms of Tliunbergianum.
Messrs. Rulling & Co., also of Twickenham, had a
very pretty group of plants. Mr. Henry Little staged
a charming lot of Orchids, forming a delightful
feature.

Of the usual decorative groups a very charming
arrangement was set up by Mr. II. E. Fordham, a
local florist, whose taste was of a high order, the
entire base being admirably furnished and clearly
visible from any point.

In stove and greenhouse plant classes, Mr. Bates,
as usual here, did not compete, but had some capital
plants in the show.

Mr. Parsons took 1st place in the competition with
the best six plants, having a huge tub nearly 3 feet
over of Oncidium sphacelatum in full bloom, a big
scarlet Anthurium, and a fine Allamanda Schotti.
Mr. Munro, gr. to C. D. Paul, Esq., Twickenham,
■was 2nd, with Clerodendrons Balforianum and
fallax, Bougainvillea glabra, &c. Mr. Munro, how-
ever, came 1st, with six foliage plants, and also
had the best six Fuchsias.

For Begonias, Mr. Little was well 1st, with a
dozen well-bloomed plants ; he bad also the best
six zonal Pelargoniums ; and was the only exhi-
bitor of six Orchids, having the three fine pans
of Cypripediums exhibited at Richmond, Laelia
purpurata, Dendrobium Mawsonianum.and Miltonia
vexillaria.

Roses were finely represented by a large and very
fresh collection from Messrs. Veitch & Sons ; and
also by a smaller lot from Mr. W. Taylor, of
Hampton, who had a back row of Her Majesty in
most exquisitely beautiful blooms.

In the class for twenty-four cut Roses, Mr. Warwick,
gr. to J. P. Hitchin, Esq., Hampton, was, as usual,
invincible; as he was also with twelve blooms, and
farther with twelve Gloxinias in bunches.

Mr. Bates showed a lot of the Shirley Poppies,
which were greatly admired.

Fruit was moderately represented. In the class
for black Grapes, Mr. Thompson, gr. to Messrs. W.
& E. Wells, Hounslow, was 1st, with excellent Ham-
burghs ; Mr. Waite, gr. to the Hon. Colonel Talbot,
Esher, coming 2nd, with very good Madresfield
Court.

Mr. Waite came 1st in the class for whites, with
very good Myton Muscats.

Mr. Thompson had the finest Peaches in Violette
Hative. Mr. J. Goody, the best Strawberries, in very
fine Jas. Veitch ; Legrosse Sucree coming 2nd, and
President 3rd. Mr. W. Mann, market grower, showed
a basket of wonderful Paxtons, and Mr. G. Parker
had some superb Presidents and Napiers.

The best Tomato was found in a fine dish of
Dedham Favourite, from Mr. Truefit ; Mr. Thompson
having the 2nd best in the Large Market Red.

Mr. Waite was, as usual, invincible with a collec-
tion often kinds of vegetables, all of the best, and
handsomely arranged.

Mr. J. Filsell, gr. to J. Bowyer, Esq., bad the best
brace of Cucumbers in Improved Telegraph.

There was a large competition in local and
cottagers' classes also. A. D.

KETTERING HORTICULTURAL.

July 1. — Kettering always keeps holiday on Feast
Monday, which is always the first Monday in July ;
and for the space of one week this rapidly extending
town gives itself up to holiday keeping. It is sup-
posed that this custom, which has continued for
many years, dates back to one of the old festivals of
the Roman Catholic Church.

The leading open classes were for Roses. In that
for forty-eight varieties, Messrs. G. & W. Burch,
Ross nurserymen, of Peterborough, were placed 1st,
with a very fine lot, fresh, full, and well-coloured,
and such varieties as Heinrich Schultheis, Star of
Waltham, Duchess of Bedford, Mrs. J. Laing,
Duchesse de Vallombrosa, Mrs. Baker, and Alfred
Colomb, were particularly fine among the H.P.'s ;
also The Bride, Catherine Mermet, Innocente Pirola,
and Madame de Watteville among the Teas.
Mr. Henry Watt, gr. to G. L. Watson, Esq., Rocking-
ham, was 1st with twenty-four varieties. Mr. Watt
also had the best twelve Teas and Noisettes.
Amateurs and cottagers also exhibited good
Roses.

Groups of plants arranged for effect were a good
feature, though in every case the plants employed
were overcrowded. The best of the largest groups
came from W. C. East, Esq., Kettering, variegated
foliaged plants in good condition being a leading
feature.

Groups were also shown by amateurs. Mr. W. C.
East had the best four stove and greenhouse plants.
Among them Ipomcoa Learii and Swainsonia galegi-
folia alba, two old-fashioned plants not often seen at
flower shows ; F'uchsias, Begonias, Gloxinias, double
and single zonal Pelargoniums, and Petunias made
up the remainder of the flowering plants.

Foliage plants were represented by Ferns, Mr. W.
Toseland having the best four in the open, and Mr.
W. C. East in the amateurs' class ; Mr. J. Bryan
being a good 2nd in the latter. Coleus were in the
form of nice, well-grown and flowered plants.

The best box of twelve bunches of cut flowers
came from Mr. II. Watt ; Messrs. W. & J. Brown,
nurserymen, Stamford, being a good 2nd.

Bunches of double and single zonal Pelargoniums
were remarkably good. Messrs. W. & J. Brown
were 1st, with a very fine lot, of high quality.

Bunches of hardy flowers were a good feature
also. In the amateurs' division, Mr. J. Loake
had some excellent cut blooms of Ivy-leaved
Pelargoniums, and a very pretty feature they
made.

The cottagers' division was full of interest. The
term cottagers is somewhat widely interpreted, and
includes the operatives in the shoe trade, and not a
few of these are owners of the houses in which
they live, and have a small greenhouse. Their
window plants were very good ; and their cut
flowers of hardy plants, also Antirrhinums, Sweet
Williams, and Stocks particularly fine.

Fruit was but sparingly represented— the principal,
Strawberries, of which some very good fruits of .Sir
J, Paxton especially," were exhibited,

July 13, 1S89.]

THE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE.

BOSTON HORTICULTURAL.

July 2. — This, the nineteenth annual show of this
Society took place as usual in a spacious field in the
heart of the town ; and an exhibition of horses, dogs,
poultry, &c, is held in connection with it, conse-
quently it has a great interest for the country people,
who flock to it in large numbers.

Here, as at Kettering, Roses were the leading fea-
ture, the principal class being for twenty-four varie-
ties, three blooms of each. Messrs. Harkness & Son,
nurserymen, Bedale, were 1st, with a very fine lot
indeed, showing grand substance and richness of
colour. Star of Waltham, Madame G. Luizet, Mrs.
John Laing, Queen of Queens, Ulrich Brunner, and
Auguste Rigotard among the H.P.'s were con-
spicuously fine ; and some excellent blooms of Tea-
scented varieties were finely developed. Mr. J.
House, nurseryman, Peterborough, was 2nd. Messrs.
Harkness & Son, were also 1st with twenty-four
varieties, single blooms ; Mr. II. Norton, Eose Nur-
sery, Louth, being 2nd. So strong were Messrs.
Harkness & Son, that they were also 1st with twelve
blooms ; Mr. H. Norton being again 2nd.

Mr. T. Dolby, nurseryman, Boston, had the best
stand of twelve bunches of cut flowers of stove and
greenhouse plants, and he was also 1st with twelve
bunches of hardy flowers ; Mr. Z. Ingold being 2nd.
Mr. T. Dolby also had the best bouquet of Roses ;
Mr. Z. Ingold being 2nd ; indeed, in all the bouquet
classes Mr. Dolby took a decided lead. Bouquets,
baskets, and stands of wild flowers made a very good
feature also ; plants both flowering and foliaged
were small, and it can be noticed at country, as well as
at the London exhibitions, that large plants are not
nearly so much grown as they used to be. Some good
Selaginellas were shown by Mr. T. D. Garfit. Mr.
Dolby had the best six foliaged plants. Mr. T. D.
Garfit had the best six Ferns, as well as the best six
plants, in or out of flower ; among these was a good
piece of -Tusticia earner, Dracitna Veitchii, Panda-
nus Veitchii, &c. Mr. J. Aldred was 2nd with
Perns ; and Mr. T. C. Dolby with six plants. Mr.
Aldred had the best six Fuchsias, nicely grown and
bloomed ; Mr. T. D. Garfit being 2nd. The best
four Achimenes, six zonal Pelagoniums, and six
Begonias also came from Mr. Dolby.

Fruit was somewhat sparingly represented, except
in the classes for Strawberries, Currants, Goose-
berries, Cherries, &c.

Vegetables were numerous, and on the whole very
good ; the^fine fertile soil round Boston appears to
grow these to perfection. Some excellent Potatos
were shown by Mr. H. Graves and others. Peas
were very fine ; such sorts as Duke of Albany, Tele-
phone, Telegraph, Triumph, &c, being finely de-
veloped.

Several prizes were awarded to Messrs. C. Wilkin-
son for a collection of fruit, foreign and English ;
and Mr. H. Norton for a collection of cut Roses.
Mr. John House, of Peterborough, had a box of the
yellow William Allan Richardson, which he grows to
such perfection at his nursery in Peterborough.

The Weather.

THE PAST WEEK.

The following summary record of the weather for
the week ending July 8, is furnished from the
Meteorological Office : —

" The weather continued fair and dry in all parts
of the kingdom until towards the close of the period,
when it became unsettled, and rain fell in many
places, chiefly, however, in the north and east of
Scotland, and the south-west of England. A
thunderstorm occurred at Scarborough during the
evening of the 7th.

" The temperature has been a little below the mean
in most of the " Wheat-producing districts," but
elsewhere it has not differed materially from the
normal. The highest of the maxima were recorded
at most stations either on the 5th or 6th, and ranged
from 74° in 'England, N.W.,' and the 'Channel
Islands,' to 81° in ' England, S.W.,' and 83° in the
' Midland Counties.' The absolute minima, which
were (except in some parts of Scotland) generally
registered during the early morning of the 8th, were
decidedly low for the time of year. At Armagh the
sheltered thermometer fell to the abnormally low
value of 32°, and an instrument exposed on the
grass descended to 27° ; while at Edgeworthstown the
sheltered thermometer registered 31°, and that on
the grass 30'. Over Scotland the lowest readings

varied from 36° to 38°, and over England from 37°
in the north-west, to 47° in the south. In the
Channel Islands the minimum was 55°.

" The rainfall has been rather more than the mean
in ' Scotland, N.' and the ' Channel Islands,' but less
in all other districts. Over Ireland and the greater
part of England the fall has been extremely slight.

" Bright sunshine has been less prevalent as a
whole than it was last week, but shows an increase
in Ireland. The percentage of the possible amount
of duration ranged from 32 to 50 over England, from
38 to 53 in Scotland, and from 44 to 47 in Ireland ;
in the ' Channel Islands ' the percentage was 61."

Fruit.— Average Wholesale Prices.

s.d.
5 o-

[By the term "accumulated temperature" is meant a figure
representing the ag gregate amount, as well as the dura-
tion, of the excess or defect of temperature above or below
42° Fahr. for the period named; and this combined result
is explained in Day-degrees — a "Day-degree" signifying
1° continued for twenty-four hours, or any other number
of degrees for an inversely proportional number of hours.]

Temperature.

Ealnfall.

Bright
Sun.

— be
** 2

*■*
+ o

"gg

o v

•5S

ACCUMULATED.

a
J

sis

°i
±i

a
'3

"8
6

*-*

3 «

° N

4) o

'£'■'.

bca
fflJ*3

<V o

X
■Jl

to
A
*?

u
O

O m

o o
" 8A\ it a «

■^ ipq

Day-

lOths

In.

deg.

Inch.

i —

+ 210

4- 4

1 +

125

19.5

i —

+ 112

4- 5

4 —

10.9

1 —

113

+ 79

4- 6

4 —

10.1

118

+ 41

+ 112

5 —

11.1

1 —

125

4- 67

+ 60

6 -

14.0

1 +

137

+ 94

+ 75

2 —

11.1

1 +

114

+ 136

— 23

6 —

102

18.4

1 —

116

+ 101

— 1

6 —

13.1

Oav.

130

+ 33

+ 88

1 —

15.8

Oav.

113

+ 82

— 53

6 -

113

16.1

Oav.

121

+ 55

— 14

6 —

102

16.4

1 +

138

+ 97- 16

3+99

12.9

The districts indicated by number in the first column
the following : —

Principal Wheat- producing Districts — 1, Scotland,

2, Scotland, E. ; 3, England, N.E. ; 4, England,

5, Midland Counties; 6, England, S.
Principal Grazing, tyc. Districts — 7, Sootland, W.

England, N.W. ; 9, England, S.W. ; 10, Ireland,

11, Ireland, S. ; 12, Channel Islands.

N.;

Markets.

CO VENT GARDEN, July 11.

[We cannot accept any editorial responsibility for the subjoined
reports, which, however, are furnished to us regularly
every Thursday, by the kindness of several of the principal
salesmen, who revise the list, and who are responsible for the
quotations. It must be remembered that these quotations
represent averages for the week preceding the date of our
report. The prices depend upon the quality of the samples,
the supply in the market, and they fluctuate, not only
from day to day, but often several times in one day, and
therefore the prices quoted as averages for the past week
must not be taken as indicating the particular prices at
any particular date, and still less can they be taken as
guides to the prices in the coming week. Ed.]

No alteration. Trade stead}'. James Webber, Whole-
sale Apple Market.

Vegetables.— Aver agk Retail Prices.
S. d. i. d.

Asparagus, English,

per 100 8 0- ...

— French, bundle 2 0-80
Beans, Jersey French,

per lb 2 6- ...

Beet, red, per dozen 10-20
Carrots, per bunch... 0 6- ...
Cauliflowers, each ... 0 6- ...
Celery, per bundle ... 1 6- 2 0
Cucumbers, each ... 0 6- 0 9
Endive, per dozen ... 2 6- ...
Green Mint, bunch... 0 4- ...
Herbs, per bunch ... 0 4- ...
Leeks, per bunch ... 0 3- ...

Lettuce, per dozen ... 1
Mushrooms, punnet 1
Mustard and Cress,

punnet 0

Onions, per bunch ... 0
Parsley, per lb. ... 0
Peas, French, per qt. 2
Potatos. new Jsy., lb. 0
Rhubarb, bundle ... 0
Shallots, per lb. ... 0
Spinach, per bushel... 2
Tomatos, per lb. ... 2
Turnips, per bunch,

new ... ... 1

6- ...

a- ...

6- ...
ft- ...
6- ...
0- ...

Potatos.— Supply of new Potatos not quite so heavy, and
prices for sound samples rule firm at 5s. 6d. to 6s. 6rf. for
Kidneys and Flukes; French, 5s. ; Rounds 4s. to &.?. 6rf.
Home grown selling at Is. to 9<. Kidneys, and 5*. to 7*.
for Beauties. Suppli*1^ short. /. B. Thomas.

Cherries, J-sieve
Currants, Black,
sieve ... ~. 4 0-

— Red, J-sieve ... 3 6-
Goosebernes,'£-sieve 3 0-
Grapes, per lb. ... 1 0-

s, d.

5 0

6 0
4 0

3 6

3 0

s. d. s. d.
Lemons, per case ...12 0-21 0
Peaches, per doz. ... 6 0-15 0
Pine-apples, Eng., lb. 16-20
— St. Michael, each 2 0-60
Strawberries, per lb. 0 2-09

Plants in Pots.— Average Wholesale Prices.

Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6
Arum Lilies, p. doz. 6
Begonias, dozen ... 4
Cactus, per dozen... 9
Calceolarias, dozen 4
Crassula, per dozenl2
Cyperus, per dozen . 4
Dracsena terminal is,

per dozen 30

— viridis, per doz. 12
Erica, various, doz. 12
Euonymus, in var.,

per dozen 6

Evergreens, in var.,

per dozen 6

Ferns, in var., doz. 4
Foliage plants, vari-
ous, each 2

Ficus elaatica, each . 1

d. s.d.

0-18 0

0-12 0

0-18 0

0-9 0

0-30 0

0-12 0

0-60 0

0-24 0

0-30 0

0-18 0

0-24 0

0-18 0

0-10 0

6- 7 0

s.d. s.d.
Fuchsias, dozen ... 3 0- 8 0
Hydrangea, per doz. 9 0-18 0
— paniculata, p. doz. 24 0-36 0
Lilium lancefolium,
per dozen 18 0-30 0

— auratum, doz. ...12 0-30 0

— longefolium,doz.l2 0-24 0
Lobelias, dozen ...3 0-5 0
Marguerites, doz. ... 6 0-12 0
Mignonette, doz. ... 3 0-60
Musk, dozen ... 2 0- 4 0
Nasturtiums, doz. ... 3 0-50
Palms in var., each 2 6-21 0
Pelargoniums, per

dozen 6 0-15 0

— Ivy-Leafed, doz. 3 0-40

— scarlet, doz. ... 2 6- 6 0
Rhodanthe, per doz. 4 0-60
Stocks, dozen ... 4 0-60

Cut Flowers.— Average Wholesale Prices.

Abutilons, 12 bun. ... 2
ArumLilies,12blooms 2
Bouvardias, per bun. 0
Cactus blooms, doz. 1
Carnations, 12 bun. 3

— 12 blooms ... 1
Cornflowers, 12 bun, 1
Delphinium, 12 bun. 3
Kucharis, per dozen 3
Gardenias, 12 blooms 2
Gladioli, 12 bun. ... 2

— 12 sprays ... 1
Heliotropes, 12 spr. 0
Iris, 12 bunches ... 4
Lilac, white Fr.. bun. 3
Lilium, vari., 12 bis. 1

— candidum, bun. 1

— 12 blooms ... 0
Maiden Hair Fern,

12 bun 4

d. s. d.
0-4 0
0-4 0
6-0 9
6-2 0
0-6 0
0-3 0
0-4 0
0-6 0
0-6 0
0-4 0
0-9 0
O-2 0
6- 1 0
0-12 0
0-5 0
0-5 0
0-2 0
6-10

0-9 0

5. d. s. d.
Marguerites, 12 bun. 3 0-60
Mignonette. 12 bun. 2 0-40
Pansies, 12 bun. ... 10-30
Pelargoniums, 12 spr. 0 6-10

— scarlet, 12 spr.... 0 3-06
Primulas. dbl.,12sp. 0 9-10
Rhodanthe, 12 bun. 4 0-60
Roses, Tea, per doz. 0 6-30

— coloured, dozen. 2 0-40

— red, per dozen ... 0 4-10

— Safrano, dozen... 0 6-10

— Moss, 12 bun. ... 6 0-12 0
Pinks (var.), 12 bun. 2 0-40
Spiraea, 12 bun. ... 4 0-80
Stephanotis, 12 spr. 2 0-40
Stock, 12 bunches ... 4 0- 8 0
Sweet Sultan, 12bun. 4 0-60
Sweet Peas, 12 bun. 2 0-60
Tuberoses, 12 Dims.... 0 6-10

Orchid bloom in variety, fairly good supply.

SEEDS.

London: July 10. — Messrs. John Shaw & Sons,
seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane, E.C., write that
to-day's seed market, as might be expected, was bare
alike of buyers and of business. Although new
French Trifolium is coming in cheap, buyers appear
reluctant to operate. In Rapeseed the tendency
continues downwards. There is no alteration in
Mustard. For Birdseeds the inquiry is small. Blue
Peas are scarce, and realise full rates. Haricot
Beans keep firm.

CORN.

Averages. — Official statement showing the average
price of British corn, imperial measure, for the
week ended July 6 : — Wheat, 28». 4d. ; Barley,
20s. 9d. ; Oats, 19s. Td. For the corresponding week
in 1888 :— Wheat, 31s. 5d. ; Barley, 25s. ; Oats, 18s.

FRUITS AND VEGETABLES.

Spitalfields : July 10. — Black Currants, 5s. to
5s. 6d. per half-sieve ; Red Currants 4s. to 4s. 6d.
do. ; Raspberries, 24s. to 2Gs. per cwt. ; Strawberries,
2s. (W. to 3s. per peck; Tomatos (foreign), Is. to
Is. 3d. per box ; Gooseberries, 3s. 3rf. to 3s. M. per
half-sieve ; black Cherries, 5s. (V. to Is. Qui. per half-
sieve; Cabbages, 2s. to 3s. per tally; Radishes, 3s.
to 5s. 6d. do. ; Broad Beans, 2s. per bushel ; Peas,
Is. Gd. to 2s. Gd., do. ; do., 3s. Gd. to 4s. Gd. per sack ;
Turnips, 2s. Gd. to 3s. per dozen bunches ; Carrots,
2s. Gd. to 3s. do. ; spring Onions, 3s. Gd. to 4s. Gd.
do. ; Parsley, Is. to Is. Gd. do. ; Mint, Is. to Is. Gd.
do. ; Rhubarb, Is. to Is. Gd. per dozen bnndles ; Sea-
kale, Is. to Is. 3d. per punnet ; Endive, Is. to Is. Gd.
per dozen ; Cos Lettuce, Is. Gd. to Is. dd. per score ;
Mustard and Cress, Is. to Is. 6<7. per dozen baskets ;
Vegetable Marrows, 2s. to 2s. Gd. per dozen ; frame
Cucumbers, 2s. to 4s. do. ; natural do., Gd. to Is. do. ;
Beetroots, Is. to Is. 3d. do.

Stratfobd : July 9. — There has been an excellent
supply of all kinds of produce at this market
during the past week, and with a good attendance of
buyers, a brisk trade was done at the undermen-
tioned quotations :— Cabbages, 2s. to 5s. per tally ;
Mangels, 17s. to 22s. per ton ; Swedes, 17s. to 22s.
do. ; Onions, Dutch, 5s. to 5s. Gd. per bag ; Tomatos,
Is. 3d. to Is. Gd. per box ; Strawberries, 3s. Gd. to 4s.
per basket ; Raspberries, Is. Gd. to 2s. do. ; Goose-
berries, 4s. to 4«. Gd. per sieve ; Cherries, English, 8s. to
9s. half-sieve; do., foreign. Is. 9n\ per basket;

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 13 1889.

Cucumbers, Dutch, Is. per dozen ; do., English, 3s. to
4s. do. ; Lettuce, Is. to Is. Gd. per score ; red Cur-
rants, 5s. per half-sieve ; black Currants, 6s. Gd. do. ;
Green Peas, 4s. to 5s. Gd. per bag ; Watercress, Gd.
per dozen.

POTATOS.

Boeough and Spitalfields, July 9. — The trade is
quiet, and the business passing is at seasonable
prices. Old Magnum Bonums, 60s. to 80s. ; French
and new Jersey Flukes, 100s. to 120s. ; rounds, 90s.
to 100s. per ton.

Spitalfields : July 10. — Quotations : — New :
Jersey rounds, 4s. Gd. to 5s. Gd. ; do., kidneys, 5s. to
5s. Gd. ; do., flukes, 5s. Gd, to 6s. ; Cherbourg rounds,
4s. 9d. to 5s. ; do., kidneys, 5s. to 5s. 3d. • do., flukes,
5s. to 5s. Gd. ; St. Malo, rounds, 3s. 9d. to 4s. 3d. ; do.,
kidneys, 4s. Gd. to 5s. 6a. per cwt.

Stratford: July 9. — Quotations: — New: Jersey
kidneys, 120s. to 130s.; do., Cherbourg, 100s. to
110s. ; do., rounds, 100s. to 105s. ; English Hebrons,
100s. to 106s. ; do., Early Rose, 90s. to 100s. per ton.

HAY.

Averages. — The following are the averages of the
prices obtained at the various metropolitan markets
during the past week : — Prime old Clover, 120s.
to 144s.; new, 85s. to 110s.; inferior, 45s. to 75s.;
best hay, 78s. to 112s. ; inferior, 20s. to 50s. ; straw,
old, 40s. to 45s. ; do. new, 24s. to 40s. per load.

Notices to Correspondents.

Be?onia: W. P. Most unusual. We never saw
anything like it before, and propose to examine it
carefully at our leisure.

Broccoli : A. B., Kelso. The plant is making an
attempt to form flowers.

Dihlia Juaeezi : J. 0. The variety has been in
commerce for several years. The flower sent was
a monstrosity.

Echevekia : J. G. Fasciation is not uncommon in
this plant.

Euchabis Dying : A. U. Your bulbs are infested
with the bulb mite, together with the fungus.

Foxglove: F. L. A very common malformation,
often figured and described in these columns. No
doubt it could be perpetuated, but it would take a
long time to fix, and scarcely worth the trouble,
but that is a matter of opinion.

Insects: C. F. P. Your Potato tubers have been
gnawed into by large numbers of one of the
smaller species of Rove-beetles (Staphylinidie) of
the genus Oxytelus. These insects are generally
formed in decaying fungi and other vegetable
matters in a decomposing state. The tubers may
have been previously attacked by^the caterpillars,
one of the moths (Agrotis), which led to their
being selected by the beetles. It is a new fact in
the history of the Potato growth. /. 0. W.

Medical Plants and Mosses : A. C. The speci-
mens of mosses you send are not to be made out
from Buch specimens, and are of no horticultural
value. Papaver somniferum (Opium Poppy), nar-
cotic ; Aconitum Napellus, Aconite acrid poison ;
Coniuni maculatum (Hemlock), irritant poison ;
Hyoscyamus niger (Henbane), narcotic ; Digitalis
purpurea (Foxglcve), sedative ; Oolchicum au-
tumnale (Colchicum). Any good book of refer-
ence on botany would give you what you want.

Melon Flowers Falling Off : L. B. If the flue be
sound — that is, that there is no escape of the fumes
of combustion into the Melon pit — it will not be
the cause of the blooms falling. The bottom-heat
should certainly be as high as 85° to 90°, and if it
is much less than that Melons will not succeed.
The night warmth should be 68° tc 70°, and that
of the day 10° to 15° higher. Melons do best
with the least possible amount of shading. Some
growers never shade. Shading induces soft growth,
and spoils flavour. If the flue runs under the bed,
the latter will require heavy waterings with warm
water weekly, or nearly so, and sometimes manure-
water may be afforded when the plants are in
bearing ; and a vessel containing water should, if
possible, be placed on the flue beneath the Melon-
bed, or large quantities of water thrown into the
chamber, to counteract the dryness caused by the

flue. The gardener should ventilate freely, if the
day be warm, between 9 or 9.30 a.m., and 3 or
3.30 p.m., gradually increasing the amount of ven-
tilation until the maximum point for the day
is reached— say at 1 o'clock. Of course in dull or
rainy weather less air is required. The flowers
falling, points either to dryness of the soil, or want
of the necessary bottom-heat. It will be easy to
ascertain if these are right.

Names of Plants : T. 8. 1, Cryptomeria Lobbi ;

2, a Cedar, but whether Lebanon Atlas or Deodar
it is impossible to say ; 3 and 5, Juniperus virgin-
iana (Red Cedar) ; 4, Thuia plicata ; 6, Acer
Negundo, variegated form. — K. 1, Dianthus, next
week ; 2, Spinea Aruncus; 3. Vincetoxieum offi-
cinale ; 4, Eriogonum umbellatum. — J. W. Aloe
vulgaris, probably. — D. H. 2, Lonicera tatarica ;

3, L. Ledebourii ; 4, Spiraea Douglasi ; 8, Cornus
sibirica. Others next week. — T. P. Allan. The
broad-leaved specimen is a Polygonum, but we are
unable to name either of your specimens without
flowers. — E. C. C. D. Gilia capitata. — Mungo
Chapman. 1, Inula grandiflora; 2, Ornithogalum
narbonense ; 3, Thalictrum flavum ; 4, Erigeron
multiradiatum ; 5, Anaphalis margaritacea ; 6,
Saxifraga diversifolia. — A. W. 1, Phyllyrea lati-
folia ; 2, Quercus Ilex — one of the evergreen
Oaks, but it is not possible to say which. — G. F. W.
Berteroa incana. — W. Smith cf Sons. Lilium py-
renaicum. — S. A. Alstromeria aurea. Alstrbm
was a Swedish botanist. — Camjec. The Dendro-
bium is chrysanthum, probably — we cannot be
certain in the absence of flowers. The leaf sent
is covered with scale insects, and besides it bears
evidence of bad cultivation — probably too much
heat, too little moisture, and want of proper shad-
ing. Such dirty, sickly plants, in view of the wel-
fare of the other inmates of the house, would be
better if destroyed forthwith.

Photograph : H. A. Bunyard. Many thanks. It
will appear shortly as an ink-photograph.

Potatos Diseased : A. B. Bryden. Your tubers are
attacked by a form of the ordinary disease.

Snail : C. B. The shell was originally introduced,
we believe, from the West Indies, and has now
made itself at home in our Cucumber houses. It
is called Bulimus Goodalli, and has been frequently
figured in our columns.

Strawberry Latest of All : T. L. We could see
that the fruit was large, but that was all ; for,
owing to loose packing, they had got completely
smashed in transit.

Strawbeert : F. F. Myatt's Eleanor. Fruit arrived
in bad condition.

Suckers from Geranium : H. B. What you take
to be a sucker is a parasitical plant called Broom-
rape, or Orobanche minor. It feeds on the roots
of the Pelargonium, and was probably introduced
with the peat.

Tomatos : B. S., Hull. Your Tomatos are attacked
by the black spot fungus (Cladosporium fycoper-
sici), illustrated in our issue for October 1, 1887,
p. 409.

Violas : Collins Bros. cf Gabriel. The twenty varie-
ties forwarded for our inspection we take to be
among the best now grown, the colours being good
and distinct, and all are continuous bloomers.

CATALOGUES RECEIVED.

Ant. van Velsen & Co., Haarlem, Holland — Dutch

and Cape Bulbs.
L. Spath, Rixdorf, bei Berlin — Flower Roots.
E. H. Krelage & Son, Kleinen Houtweg, Haarlem

■ — Flower Roots (Wholesale).
Seeger & Tropp, 12. Lordship Lane, East Dulwich,

London, S.E. — Orchids.
T. Laxton, Bedford — Strawberries.
J. M. Thorbubn & Co., 15, John Street, New York,

U.S.A.— Potatos and Wheats.
John Laing & Sons, Forest Hill, London — Novelties

(Abridged List).

Communications Received.— W. S.— C. R. H.— Prof. Crepin
of Brussels.— H. T.— P. S.— E. M.— Oodeypore.— B. F.— P.
L. S.. Paris— H. E.— U. D.— G. C— .T. J. W.— A. ile la D.—
H. J. R., Florence (flowers quite withered, " sad coloured.")
W. P.— T. R. B— B. & Co.— J. W.— D. T. F.— Agricultural
Bure.iu. Adelaide.— Danzig — G. & B.— W. R — J. L. & Sjns.
—J. G. Baker.— N. E. Brown.— R. A. R.— W. C.— W. M.
Gilbert.— J. H. M.— A. W. Edwards (correction duly noted).
QP Correspondents sending plants or fruits to be named, or

ashing questions demanding time and research for their solution,

must not expect in all cases to obtain an answer to their en-

quiriu in the current week.

5P , SIMPLICITY SlDURABILlTYi COMBINED.
BYA SUGHTTLIRN 0NLYTHE FOLLOWING RESULTS ARE
INSTANTLY OBTAINED

for attachment to hose pipe.

The Fine Spray is Invaluable for Seeds, and Plants.

specially adapted for conservatories, gardens,

lawns, greenhouses, etc.

to ee had from ironmongers, rubber companies, seedsmen, plumbers,

etc , or the proprietors,

Jarvis & Co., 47, Moor Street, Birmingham.

' Telescopic Ladders.

Telescopic Steps.
Telescopic Trestles.
£j\'-\ Convertible Ladder St^ps.
\t^\^' Universal Step Ladders.
/_ !" Turnover Step Ladders.
£y ',. Folding Pole Ladders.
~? Lattice Steps, very light.
j>. Umpire's Step Chairs.

3~-^ Great variety of designs
■>' and sizes. Sizes 5ft. to 60ft.
-~- Order direct, carriage paid.
Price Lists free.

HEATHMAN & CO.,

2, ENDELL STREET ; and
11, HIGH STREET,

LONDON, W.C.

F~/?E£. r

LONDON

OFFICES
/39 4,o/4/ C/I/V/VO/V sr LO/VDOn/.E.C.

\o SHOW
ROOMS

" A PRIL SHOWER " WATERING POT

XJL (Curtis' Patent).— Fitted with filtering cylinders and
dripless roses, all sizes. Price lists post free from WILLIAM
CURTIS, Patentee and Sole Manufacturer, Arcade, Ipswich.

CARSON'S PAINT

Patronised by 16,000 of the Nobility, Gentry,
and Clergy, for all kinds of

OUTDOOR WORK, CONSERVATORIES,

Greenhouses, Frames, <*c.

1 Cwt., and Oil Mixture, Free to all stations.

Liquid Non-Poisonous Paints for Inside of Conservatories, &c.

Prices. Patterns, and Testimonials. Post-free.

LA BELLE SAUVAGB YARD, LUDGATE HILL, E.C.
BACHELOR'S WALK, DUBLIN.— Discount for Cash.

Jui.y 13, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

FOLLOWS & BATE'S \1

///TROYAL PRIZE MEDAL \^

These excellent Midlines have stood the test of years— they are still without a rival.

Many important National and International Prize Medals have been Won by them in Open Competition.

They have been supplied to : —

Her Mo-t Gracious Majesty the Queen, His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales. KG., HIM. the Emperor of Austria,

the Imperial Russian Government, and numbers of ths Nobility and Gentry of Great Britain and the Continent.

NET CASH PRICES— Complete with Grass Boxes.
10 inches, 56s. ; 12 inches, 75s. ; 14 inches, 90s. ; 16 inohes, 105s., and larger sizes.

FOLLOWS & BATE (Limited),

Patentees and Manufacturers of the Patent " Victoria," " Climax," and " Manchester " Lawn Mowers. 70,000 sold since 1869.

Illustrated Price Lists on application.
GORTON, MANCHESTER.

igp' To be obtained from all respectable Ironmongers and Seedsmen throughout the Kingdom ; or, if
any difficulty is experienced, direct from the Manufactory.

HILL & SMITH'S

BLACK VARNISH

for Preserving Ironwork, Wood, or Stone.

CHEAP FRAMES,

(Registered Trade Mark.)

An excellent substitute for oil paint, at one-third the cost.

Used in all London Parks, at Windsor, and Kew Gardens,
and on every important estate in the Kingdom. Has stood
the test of forty years' trial. Requires no mixing ; can be
applied cold by any ordinary labourer.

Price Is. &d. per gallon at the manufactory, or carriage-paid
to any railway station, Is. &d. per gallon in casks of 36, 20, or
10 gallons.

j~t a xt m -r r\ it Every Cask bears the above

(J A U 11 U J\ . Registered Trade Mark. Beware

of cheap imitations.

HILL & SMITH

Brierley Ironworks, Dudley ;

118. Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C. ;

47. Dawson Street. Dublin.

GLASS.

CHEAP GLASS.

8S. 6d. per 100 feet 15 oz. 12 x 10, 18 X 12, 18 X 14, 24 X 14,
14 X 12. 20 X 12, IS X 16, 24 X 16,
12S. per 100 feet 21 oz. ... 16 x 12, 16 X 14, 20 X 16, 24 X 18, &C
Putty, 69. 6d. per cwt. ; White Lead, genuine, 21s. ; Our
Specialty, IT1*. 6rf. per cwt. ; Paints ground in Oil, Stone Ochre,
20s.; Oxford Ochre. 24s.; Green, 16s.; Black, 16s. per cwt. ;
Varnish, from 5s. Ql. p?r gal. Paints and Varnish at very low
prices. J Flooring at 7s. '6d. per square ; Matching at 5s. 9d. ;
3x9 at 2%d. per foot run; 2x4 at fad. Doors, Moulding*,
Greenhouse B-ir*. Ironmongery Good-*, &c. Full Price List on
application tn THE CHEAP WOOD COMPANY. 72, Bishops-
gate Street Within. London, E.C.

O 0

L,"

FOR

PACKING

PURPOSES.

Simples with

Prices post

free on

ipplicat

ion.

DICK

SONS

Seed

Warehouse.

CHES

(Lim

iteil.)

PORTABLE CUCUMBER FRAMES.

RHALLIDAY and CO. desire to draw
• special attention to their Cucumber Frames, of which
they always have a large stock, ready glazed and paiuted.
They are made of the best materials, and can be put together
and taken apart in a few minutes by any one.
Prices delivered free to any station in England. «

1-light frame, 4 ft. by 6 ft. f carriage ) 2 0

2-light frame, 8 ft. by 6 ft. J and (3 2
3-light frame, 12 ft. by G ft. 1 caaS* f 4 15
6-light frame, 24 ft. by 6 ft. ( FR £ B. J 8 10

Larger sizes at proportionate prices.

R. HALLIDAY & CO.,

Hothouse Builders and Engineers, Royal Horticultural Works,

Middleton. Manchester.

London Agent — Mr. H. Skelton, Seedsman, &c, 2, Holloway

Road, K.

BECKETT BROS.,

CHELMSFORD.

GARDEN REQUISITES. — Sticks, Labels,
Virgin Cork, Raffia. Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic Work,
Manures. &c. Cheapest Prices of
WATSON AND SCULL, HO, Lower Thames Street, Loudon, E.C.

Thoroughly Practical Hothouse Builders and Heating Engineers.
Glasshouses of every description, in Wood or Iron, created In
any part of the kingdom. First-clasa workmanship and the
very best materials at the lowest possible prices.

Price Lists, Plans, and Estimates Fn-e.

HY. VAN & CO.

(The Oldest London House in the Trade, Estd. 1780).

25, Tooley Street, London Bridge, S.E.

PROTECTION for FRUIT and FLOWERS.

GARDEN NETTING, 2y»rds wide, 1J<2., or per lOOyarda,

10s. ; ditto. 4 yards wide. 3d., or per 100 yards, 20s.
SCRIM CANVAS, 1 yard wide, 3d., and 2 yar.is, ijd. per yard.
TIFFANY, 38 inches wide, in 20 yard pieces, 3s. §d. per piece.
SHADING BLINDS made up any size.
RICK CLOTHS, TARPAULINS, Cora and Potato SACKS,

for Sale or Hire.
TENT, MARQUEE, and FLAG Makers.

Illustrated CATALOGUE post-free.
TOBACCO, RAG and PAPER. VIRGIN CORK, RAFFIA,

and Garden MATS of all kinds.

SAVE YOUR FIRE

and keep a fixed temperature under glass, by using
"FRIGI DOMO," made of prepared hair and
wool : a perfect non-conductor of cold.

PROTECT your PLANTS

FRIGI DOMO

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For price list a. particulars Address- |

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U 2 Duke Sr LA London Bh/0ge\

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tions may be sent. A Specimen Copy post-free for 10ti. (stamps).

ESTATE SALES.

The Best County Medium for Advertising Sales of Estates is

THE "WORCESTER HERALD,"

ESTABLISHED 1794.

The Leading County Paper. Extensive circulation among the
upper and middle classes iu Worcestershire and adjoining
counties. Advertisers would do well to forward for reference
and distribution pluns and particulars of Estates, Catalogues of
Machinery, Furniture, Books, and other Property advertised iu
the Columns of the " HERALD."

Sales of St iclr. and Agricultural Effects.

The *' WORCESTER HERALD " is the most effective organ
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Farms to Let.

Land Agents, Estate Managers, and all having Farms to Let
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THE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

[July 13, 1889.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

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. 0 12 6

13 „

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AN3> SIXPENCE FOR EVERY ADDITIONAL LINE.

If set across two Columns, the lowest charge will be 20s.

If set across three Columns the lowest charge will be 30*.

Page, £&; Half Page, £4 10s.; Column. £3.

Gardeners and others Wanting Situations.

26 words, including name and address. Is, Gd.,

and Qd. for every additional line (about 9 words) or part

of a line.

THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE PREPAID.

This scale does not apply to announcements of Vacant
Situations, which are charged at the ordinary scale.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.— Advertisers are cautioned
against having Letters addressed to Initials at Post-offices, as
all Letters so addressed are opened by the authorities and
returned to the sender.

Births. Deaths and Marriages, 5s. each insertion.

Advertisements for the current week must reach the Office by

Thursday noon.

All Subscriptions Payable In Advance.

The United Kingdom : 12 Months, 15s. ; 6 Months,

7s. 6d.; 3 Months, 3s. 9d.

FOREIGN (excepting India and China) ; including Postage,

17S. 6<L for 12 Months; India and China, 19s. 6d.

Post Office Orders to be made payable at the Post Office,

42, DRURY LANE, W.C., to W. Richards.

Publishing Office and Office for Advertisements,

41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C.

Belgian.

BULLETIN d' ARBORICULTURE,
de FLORICULTURE, et de CULTURE MARAI-
CHERE. A monthly horticultural work, with superb Coloured
Plates and Illustrations. Published since 1865, by F. Burve-
nich, F. Paynaert, E. Rodigas, and H. J. van Hulle,
Professors at the Horticultural School of the Belgian Govern-
ment at Ghent. Post-paid, 10s. per annum.
H. J. VAN HULLE, Botanical Gardens, Ghent, Belgium.

MADE WITH BOILING WATER.

E P P S ' S

GRATEFUL-COMFORTING.

COCOA

MADE WITH BOILING MILK.

THE BEST REMEDY FOR INDIGESTION.

WBrtonIj
camomile pills.

Are confidently recommended as a simple bat certain
remedy for

'•■' *♦* INDIGESTION #«

See Testimonial, selected from hundreds :—

CROYDON, 1 885.

" Having been a sufferer from Indi-
gestion for many years, I am happy to
say that I have at last not only been
relieved but perfectly cured by using
Norton's Pills, and confidently recom-
mend them to all suffering from the same.
"?. WILKINSON."

For other Testimonials, see Monthly Magazines.
Sold everywhere, price is. ijrf., 2s. gd. and lis.

VOUNG LADIES who WANT TO BE

J- INDEPENDENT, and make their own way in the world,
should write for a Prospectus of the SCIENTIFIC DRESS
CUTTING ASSOCIATION, 272, Regent Street, London, W.
Situations for all Pupils at good salaries.

A PARTNER REQUIRED with £150 to
£200 in a good Nursery Business, with the option of
Purchase, sleeping or otherwise. — Address, H. R., Gardeners'
Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

WANTED, a HEAD GARDENER, for
North of England. Must thoroughly understand
Culture of Pines forced Peaches and white Grapes ; and must
show his present garden to advertiser. Wages £75 ; rising £5
yearly to £100, in case of satisfaction being given. House,
milk, and vegetables.— A. B., Travellers' Club, Pall Mall, S.W.
No answer given to applications unless likely to suit.

WANTED, a WORKING HEAD GAR-
DENER (of 8), who thoroughly understands the
Management of Vines and Hothouses. &c— State age, refer-
ences, and salary required, J. WATSON, Esq., M.P., Berwick,
Shrewsbury.

WANTED, a GARDENER, where an under
one is kept. Must be active, and well up in Veget-
ables and Flowers, including some knowledge of Orchids. Will
reside in the lodge, and Wife will have to attend to the Gate.
— Full particulars, ~with wages required, to Mr. HENKY
BUCKLEY, The Upper Boon, Linthurst, near Bromsgrove,
Worcestershire.

GARDENER WANTED, Single-handed and
Out/of-doors. Small Garden. Must understand Glass
and Forcing.— Full particulars to Mr. BIRTS, Ugie Bank,
Abbey Wood, Kent.

WANTED, a good WORKING GARDENER.
Must understand Flowers, Fruit, and Vegetables.
Some Glass. Boy kept. Wages, 24s. per week, with Lodge. —
Apply, with full particulars, by letter to The GARDENER,
Kingslyn, Grange Road, Upper Norwood, S.E.

Gardener.

WANTED, a single young MAN, who has
had experience under a good Head Gardener, and who
will have the entire work of Conservatory, Vinery, Green-
houses, and Flower Garden. Two Gardeners are kept. Work
divided. Wages, 21s. — Address, with full \ articulars, to Mrs.
MASON, Lynwood, Silverhill, St. Leonards- on-Sea.

WANTED, a skilled PROPAGATOR of
Rhododendrons, &c. Must be a successful Budder
and Grafter of Fruit Trees and other Hardy Stock. He must
be energetic, sober, and trustworthy. Full particulars, ex-
perience, and salary required.— JAMES SMITH and SONS,
Darley Dale Nurseries, near Matlock.

ANTED, a thoroughly competent MAN

(SiDgle-handed). Must be well up with Vines, and
Cultivation of Fruit generally ; aud not afraid of work.
Personal reference required.— Apply by letter, stating wages
required, with comfortable cottage and coals, to Albert Cottage,
St. Julian's Road, Streatham, S.W.

WANTED, THREE young MEN used to
Growing Cucumbers.— E. ROCHFORD, Mill Lane
Nursery, CheshuDt, Herts.

WANTED, TWO young MEN, for Cucumber
and Tomato Houses. Permanent place to suitable
men.— ARTHUR MATTHEWS, Nurseries, Waltham Cross.

WANTED, a NURSERY BUDDER and
GRAFTER. Permanency to suitable hand.— Apply,
with particulars, to LADD'S Nursery, Swanley Junction, Kent.

WANTED, S H O P M A N and B O O K-
KEEPER, in a country Seed Establishment. Must
be steady and well up in Kitchen Garden and Agricultural
Seeds.— State wages required, &c, Box 22, Post Office, Gains-
borough.

WANTED, AT ONCE, a good SECOND
SHOPMAN, about 26 > ears old. Must be accustomed
to a sharp Counter Trade, arid have had good experience.—
Apply by letter only, to ARMITAGE BROS., Seedsmen and
Nurserymen, High Street, Nottingham.

WANTED, a young MAN, for Florist Shop.
Must be a good Wreath and Spray Maker, with know-
ledge of Seeds preferred. State age, experience, and wag. s
expected— JOHN CHARLTON, 37, Ye Pantiles, Tunbridge
Well-.

WANTED, a LADY, to take Management of
a Retail Branch in Flower Trade in the Midlands.
Must be a good Wreath Hand. — Apply, C. H., Gardeners'
Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

WANT PLACES.

POSTAL ORDERS.— To Advertisers, Subscribers, and
Others.— It is very important in remitting by Postal Order
that it should be filled in payable at No. 42, DRl'RY
LANE, to W. RICHARDS, as, unless the number of a
Postal Order is known, and it has been made payable at a
particular office, and to a particular person, it is impossible
to prevent any person into whose hands it may fall from
negotiating it.

N.B.— The best and safest means of Remitting is by
POST-OFFICE MONEY ORDER.

RICHARD SMITH and C~0.
beg to announce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gardeners, seeking situations, and that tbey
will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars,
&c— St. John's Nurseries, Worcester.

Gardeners. Farm-Bailiffs, Foresters, &o.

DICKSONS, Royal Nurseries, Chester,
(Limited), are always in a position to RECOM-
MEND MEN of the highest respectability, and thoroughly
practical at their business. All particulars on application.
Telegraphic and Postal Address—" DICKSONS. CHESTER."

Gardeners, Foresters, Land Stewards.

RB. LAIRD and SONS can recommend with
• every confidence Scotchmen thoroughly qualified as
GARDENERS, FORESTERS, or LAND STEWARDS, either for
large or small establishments, and will be pleased to furnish full
particulars on application. — 17, Frederick Street, Edinburgh.

To Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring Land Agents,

STEWARDS. BAILIFFS, or GARDENERS.

JAMES CARTER and CO. have at all
times upon their Register reliable and competent MEN,
several of whom are personally well known to Messrs. Carter.
Enquiries should be made to 237 and 238, High Holborn. W.C.

L~ ONDON FLORAL DECORATIONS.— Any
Lady or Gentleman anxious to secure the service of a
competent Man in the above capacity, aud fora good Gardener
in every branch of his profession, will please apply to J. H.
NIEMAN, Portman Floral Hall, Oxford Street. The Leader of
Floral Art in London. Most satisfactory reference given.

LANDSCAPE GARDENER.— Age 25; speaks
French, German, and Dutch, desires a situation by
September 15 or October 1 ; in Gentleman's family preferred.
Advertiser is thoroughly experienced in modern Artistic
Gardening, Greenhouses, &c. ; having been 10 years with same
family, which he is leaving on account of a death. First-clasa
references.— Address, 2313, Rudolf Mosse's Advertising Offices,
18, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C.

GARDENER (Head), and BAILIFF; age 50.
— Mr. Spottiswoode, late of Combe Bank, Sevenoaks,
wishes to recommend his Bailiff and Head Gardener, .T. Bolton,
Left through letting of estate, of which J. B. had the entire
management for l&J years. Large gardens. A successful
Grower of all Fruits, Flowers, and Vegetables.— W. H.
SPOTTISWOODE, Esq., Her Majesty's Printing Office, East
Harding Street, London, E.C. ; or, J. BOLTON, Letton, R.S.O.,
Hereford.

GARDENER (Head). — Experience in all
branches. Over eight years in present situation. Good
character.— W. POTTER, Cookham, Berks.

ARDENER (Head), or otherwise.— Age 27,

single; twelve months' good character from last place.—
W. DODD, 11, Denbigh Mews, Portobello Road, Nottiug Hill.

GARDENER (Head).— Age 43; thoroughly
understands his work ; also Land and Stock if required. ,
Good references.— GARDENER, Mr. J. S. Bailey, 124, Man-
chester Road, Tyldesley, Manchester.

r\ ARDENER (Head); age 38, married.—

VJT Henby Gray, Gardener to G. Livesey, Esq., 5, Camden
Park, Tunbridge Wells, desires re-engagement. First-class
references as to character and abilities.

GARDENER (Head).— Age 34, married, one
boy; good testimonials. Served his time in the best
Gardens in the kingdom.— GARDENER, 88, Arnold Road, Old
Basford, Nottingham.

To Noblemen or Gentlemen.

G ^ARDENER (Head).— Sidney Ford, who
is leaving Leonardslee, owing to Estate being sold, is
open to re-engagement. — SIDNEY FORD, Leonardslee,
Horsham, Sussex.

GARDENER (Head).— No children ; great
practial experience as a Fruit, Flower, and Vegetable
Grower. Understands Land and Stock. Highest testimonials
as to character and ability.— ARMSTRONG, Charlton Cottage,
St. Mary's Road, Harlesden, N.W.

GARDENER (Head).— Married, two children
(youngest, age 10) ; has had the charge of Large
Gardens, Stock, &c. Can produce testimonials for ability.
Good character from last employer.— G. L., 11, West Terrace,
Fairlawn Park, Lower Sydenham, S.E.

GARDENER (Head).— J. P. Leadbetter,
The Gardens, Tranby Croft, Hull, begs to recommend
his Foreman, J. Sheddick, who has been with him three years,
to any Lady or Gentleman, as a thoroughly efficient and steady
man.

GARDENER (Head) ; age 30.— Mr. Ander-
son, Gardener to James Mason, Esq., Eynsham Hall,
Witney, will be pleased to recommend his Foreman, William
Guy, who has lived with him for the past three years, to any
Lady or Gentleman requiring a thoroughly experienced Head
Gardener. — Address as above.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 38,
married ; thorough practical man in all branches, first-
class reference.— BERT, Oakleigh, Stone Grove, Edgware.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 32,
married, one in family ; thoroughly experienced. Well
recommended.— B. W., Grimston, King's Lynn.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 35,
married, no family; well up in all branches. Well
rpcommended. — State particulars, HORTUS, Gardeners'
Chronicle Office, 41. Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

ARDENER (Head Wouking).— Age 28,

married, one child ; thoroughly understands all branches
in Gardening. Three years' good character.— J. MARLEY,
Alumhurst, Westbourne, Bournemouth.

ARDENER (Head Working). — Age 42,

married ; twenty-five years' practical experience in all
branches of Gardening. Five years' reference from last situa-
tion.—L. ROGERS, Grendon Common, Atherstone.

Joly 13, I889.J

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

GARDENER (Head Working) where one or
two are kept; age 33. married.- -W. Peteks, Gardener,
Givans Grove, Leatherhead, with confidence recommends a
man as above. Good references.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 35,
married, no family; experienced in Grapes, Peaches,
Cucumbers, Tomatos, Stove and Greenhouse. Flower and
Kitchen Garden.— W. GREAVES, &, St. Andrew's Terrace,
Portslade, Brighton.

GARDENER (Head Working), in a good
establishment.— Age 40, married ; twenty-five years'
experience. Advertiser will be pleased to treat with any Lady
or Gentleman requiring the services of a thorough practical
all round man.— E. NEVE, Bushey Heath, Herts.

GARDENER (Head Working); age 29,
married; fourteen years' experience in Forcing, Fruit,
Flower:*, Vegetables, Kitchen and Flower Gardening. Five
years' good character from last place.— T. BROOKS, 8, Brunker
Road, Acton, Middlesex.

GARDENER- (Head Working).— Age 30,
married, no family ; thirteen years' practical experience
in large establishments. First-class testimonials. Disengaged
through death of employer. Abstainer.— SWANNELL, 12,
Clapgate Cottages, High Street, Bexley, Kent.

GARDENER (Head Working), where two
or three are kept.— Age 33 ; understands Vines,
Cucumbers, Melons, Flower and Kitchen Gardens. Nine
years* good character from last place. — A. G., 24, Selden Road,
Nunhead, S.E.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 49,
married ; great experience in Orchid Houses, Vines,
Figs, Cucumbers, Melons, Tomatos, Mushrooms, Plant Houses,
Kitchen Garden, and Flower Gardens. Ten years' good cha-
racter from present employer. Wife good Laundress. — J.
LIDDIARD, Gardener, Manor House, Wethersfield, Braintree.

GARDENER (Head Working) ; age 32,
married, one child (age 6).— Mr. Wm. M. Baillie, The
Gardens, Luton Hoo Park, Luton, Beds, can with confidence
recommend to any Lady or Gentleman a thorough practical
and trustworthy man as above. Seventeen years' experience
in good establishments. Highest testimonials.

GARDENER (Head Working, or good
Single-handed). — Married, one child; experienced in
Flowers, Fruit, and Vegetables. Total abstainer.— TOMS,
Great Lane, Buntingford, Herts.

GARDENER (Head, or good Single-handed
not objected to). — Age 25, single; total abstainer.
Twelve years' experience in Large Establishments. Can be
highly recommended, and have a good character from present
employer. Kent or Surrey preferred. — Please state wages given
to G. WITH AM, Springfield House, Chelmsford, Essex.

GARDENER (Head, or Single-handed).—
Married; six years' good character from present em-
ployer. Suburbs preferred. — J. J., 34, Kingsgate Road,
Kilburn, N.W.

£1 Bonus.

GARDENER, good.— Middle-sged ; well up in
Jobbing. Open to an engagement. — DAINE, 20, Rich-
mond Street, Southampton.

GARDENER, good.— No family ; thoroughly
experienced. Wife good Laundress, or take care of
House, if required. Good character. — A. B., 2, Leeson Road,
Heme Hill, S.E.

ARDENER (Single-handed), or with help.

- — Age 26, married ; thoroughly understands Glass,
Fruit, Flower, and Kitchen Garden. Good character. —
J. KEMP, Junction Road, Warley, Brentwood, Essex.

GARDENER (Single-handed, or otherwise.
— Single at present ; twelve years' experience. Highly
recommende.1. Three years' good character. — J. ROBINSON,
3, Bide's Cottages, Badshot, Lea, Farnham, Surrey.

GARDENER (Single-handed, or Second).
Age 26, single; twelve years' experience Inside and
Out. Seven years in last situation. Good character. — H.
BEAMS, 2, Runfold Villas, Turdor Road, Norbiton, Surrey.

GARDENER (Single-handed or Under). —
Age 21 ; well experienced in Glass, &c. Five years'
good character from present employer.— J. CORKE, Crockham
Hill, Edenbridge, Kent.

ft ARDENER (good Second or Single-

\JT handed).— Age 26; ten years' experience Inside and
Out. Good character from last place.— H. L., 42, Casterton
Street, Mare Street, Hackney, E.

GARDENER (Second, where four or five
others are kept, or good Single-handed).— Good ex
perience in Early and Late Forcing, Plant Growing, Flower
and Kitchen Gardening. Good character, and well recom-
mended.— Apply, stating wages, to H. G., 30, Sunning Hill
Road, Streatham, S.W.

GARDENER (Second), in good establish-
ment.— Age 23; experienced Inside and Out. Three
years' excellent character from last employer. — FOSTER,
27, Tapton Bank, Manchester Road, Sheffield.

G^ ARDENER (Second).— Age 22 ; eight years'
I~ experience in Houses, Flower and Kitchen Garden.
Excellent character from present and previous employers. —
G. T. R., The Gardens, Milton Park, Egham, Surrey.

GARDENER (Second), in a good Establish-
ment.— Age 23, single; ten years' experience ; four years
in present place. Has had Management of Vineries, Cucumber
and Tomato Houses ; also Plant Growing. Good references. —
G. YOUNG, Landport Post Office, Portsmouth.

G J. ARDENER (Second).— Age 22; three years'
W experience, Inside. Good character.— E. DIERY, Benton
Hall, Newcastle-on-Tyne.

GARDENER (Second), in good place.—
Age 24 ; energetic. Excellent character.— A. MOSS,
27, Cardiff Road, Newport, Mon.

G1 ARDENER (Second), or otherwise. —
I Age 27, single; experienced in Houses, Flower and
Kitchen Gardens. Very steady, sober, and willing. Good
characters.— State wages to J. M., Lewin's Lodge, Edenbridge,
Kent.

GARDENER (Under or Second), where
three or four are kept. — Age 23, single ; good character.
Strong, sober, and industrious.— W. F., 4, Clifden Cottages,
Keymer, Hassocks, Sussex.

GARDENER (Under), where others are kept,
Inside and Out.— Age 21 ; three years in present place.
Good character.— G. BRUNDISH, Ta'-erham Hall, Norwich.

GARDENER (Under), Inside and Out.—
Age 22 ; four years' good character.— E. BOYLING,
The Gardens, Dale Park, Arundel.

GARDENER (Under), where others are
kept, Inside or Out. — Age 21 ; good character. —
E. MASLIN, 5, Frederick Terrace. Railway Street, Barnes.S. W.

GARDENER (Under), where three or four
are kept.— Age 21 ; three years' good character.— H.
CUTHBERT, The Gardens, Eshton House, Gargrave-on-Craven,
Yorkshire.

GARDENER (Under), where others are kept,
Inside and Out. — Age 23 ; four years' good experience.
Highly recommended. Bothy preferred. — G. E., Post Office,
Swanley Junction, Kent.

GARDENER (Under). — Age 22 ; eight
years' experience, Inside ami Out, has a knowledge of
Orchids. Strong and willing. — A., 20, Verona Street, York
Road, Battersea, S.W.

GARDENER (Under), where there are two or
three kept. — One year and nine months' good character
from last place. Out-doors required. — G. N., Amwell Street,
Hoddesdon, Herts.

FOREMAN, in Gentleman's Establishment. —
Age 24 ; eight years' experience in good places. Excel-
lent references. Past twelve mouths as Foreman. Abstainer.
—FOREMAN, Brook Street, Milborne Port, Somerset.

FOREMAN ; age 24.— Mr. J. Auning, Gr. to
H. L. Brown, Esq., Digswell House, Welwyn. Herts,
will be pleased to recommend his Foreman, Richard Kenyon,
to any Gardener requiring a trustworthy young man in the
above capacity. Abstainer.— For particulars please address as
above.

To Nurserymen,

FOREMAN (Working), Outdoor, or ASSIST-
ANT. — An energetic young man is open to an engage-
ment as above. Has eleven years' practical experience ; quick
and successful Budder ; good at Ro=es, Fruit Trees, Coniferte
and Herbaceous Plants. Strict total abstainer. — FOREMAN,
Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41,Wellington Street. Strand, W.C.

PROPAGATOR. — Well up in Soft-wooded
Roses, In or Outdoors. Twelve years' experience. Good
reference as to ability. — H. B., 2, Shaw Road, Newbury, Berks.

To Nurserymen.

PROPAGATOR.— Age 35 ; successful with
Roses, Rhododendrons, Clematis, Coniferce, and Stove
and Greenhouse Plants. Has been with Lucombe, Pince & Co.
11 years.— H. DYER, Courteuay Road, Alphington Road, St.
Thomas, Exeter.

PROPAGATOR and GROWER of Soft-
wooded Plants and Cut Flowers for Market.— Fifteen
years' experience.— E., 25, Cotterell Street, Hereford.

PROPAGATOR and GROWER.— Age 27;
well up in Pelargoniums, Roses, and Carnations, and
Nursery Stuff in general.— J. BEACH, 93, High Street,
Hounslow, Middlesex.

PROPAGATOR and GROWER, Market or
otherwise. — Seventeen years' practical experience in all
branches of the Cut Flower and Plant Trade.— B. R. E,, Har-
low Mount, Otley Road, Harrogate.

PROPAGATOR and GROWER.— Age 24;
well up in Pelargoniums, Bouvardias, Carnations,
Genistas, Ficus, Calceolarias, Cinerarias, Primulas, Fuchsias,
Ferns, Clematis, &c— H.. Gardeners' Ckronicle Office, 41, Wel-
lington Street, Strand, W.C.

To Market Growers.

GROWER. — Has had great experience of
Growing in quantity First-class Fruit of Grapes,
Tomatos, Cucumbers, Cut and Pot Plants. — A. J. S., 41,
Wellington Street, Strand. W.C.

JOURNEYMAN (First).— Age 22; nineyearV
experience in Orchids, Cucumbers, Melons, Stove and
Greenhouse Plants. Good references from previous employers.
— G. R., 20, Wainright Grove, Garston, Liverpool.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 21 ;
six years' experience; three ani a half years in present
situation. Can be highly recommended.— C. W., Henwick
Grange Garden, Worcester.

JOURNEYMAN, Inside or Out.— Age 2(f;
two and a half years' character us Inside Journeyman.
Used to Table Decoration.— H. RUSSELL, East Ashling,
Chichester.

JOURNEYMAN, in a good Establishment-
Age 20; eau be well recommended. Has had good
experience, in Houses and Out. — G. SHEPHERD, Tubney
Lodge, Abingdon, Berks.

JOURNEYMAN ; age 20.— C. Mayo can with
confidence recommend a trustworthy young man, who
has been with him three years.— The Gardens, Rodborough
Court, Stroud.

£2 Bonus.

JOURNEYMAN, Inside and Out.— Age 25;
eighteen months' good character from last place, three
years previous.— C. M., 1, Lime Cottages, Hillingdon Heath,
Uxbridge.

TMPROVER, in a good Garden.— Age 21 ;

A well recommended ; willing to pay premium.— E. HAY-
COCK, Withington Gardens, near Shrewsbury.

TMPROVER, in the Garden.— Age 16; strong

A and active. Nine months' good character.— MEALH UI
Oakfield, PoyDder's Road, Clapham Park, S.E.

TMPROVER, in a good Garden.— Age 18;

X good references. Bothy preferred.— A. FLO ATE, 2, Bristol
Gardens, Kemp Town, Brighton.

TMPROVER, in a Gentleman's Garden.—

J- Age 21; wages not so much an object as experience. —
J. PACKHAM, Greenfields, Harley. Surrey.

ADVERTISER, age 38 ; well up in all branches
of the Nursery Trade, also competent to prepare Plans
and Estimates, and carry out Landscape Work, seeks an
engagement in any capacity requiring the services of a
thorougly practical man.— N. M., 41, Wellington Street,
Strand, W.C.

TO FLORISTS.— Situation- required in the

-i- Houses. — Age 20 ; abstainer, Four years' experience.—
E. R. SMITH, 13, Elm Terrace, Eltham. Kent.

TO GENTLEMEN.— A young man (age 18
seeks situation to work under Glass. Can be highl
recommended by late employer.— C. FULLER, Hensell, Hawky
hurst, Kent.

rpO GARDENERS.— Wanted by a young man

J- (age 19) a situation to help in the Garden. Willing to be
useful.— W. OAKSHOTT, Walton Lodge, Banstead, Surrey.

TO GARDENERS.— Wanted, situation for
a quick intelligent Lad (age 15). Eighteen mon this in
the Gardens here. Good character.— HEAD GARDENER,
Hoar Cross Gardens, Burton-on-Trent.

COWMAN, and to Assist in the Garden.—
Middle-aged ; thoroughly understands Stock. — D. ALL-
COCK, 6, Mount Street, Walworth Road, S.E.

MANAGER, or HEAD SHOPMAN.— Age 29;
thorough knowledge in all branches ; English and
Scotch Houses. Highest references. — A. B., Messrs. Cardno &
Darling, Seed Merchants, Aberdeen.

QHOPMAN, or MANAGER. — Age 30 ;

O thorough knowledge of Seed, Bulb, Plant, and Flower
Trade. Good references.— WM. HARRIS, Hammerwood, East
Grinstead, Sussex.

To Seedsmen and Florists.

SHOPMAN, or otherwise. — Age 34 ; good
experience and references. — G., 173, Drury Lane, W.C.

SHOPMAN. — Good general hand ; thoroughly
well up in Counter Trade, Garden, Farm, and Flower
Seeds ; also large experience in Agricultural Machixiery.
Excellent references. — R. E., Queen's Hotel, Manchester.

SHOPMAN (Assistant), where experience in
the Flower Trade could be gained. — Good experience in
Bulbs, Seeds, &c. Good reference. — F. WHITE, 5, Hope
Terrace, Acton Green, Chiswick.

SHOPMAN (Assistant), or INVOICE
CLERK.— Well up in Seeds, Bulbs, Cut Flower and Plant
Trade. Good references. — A. GOLDRING, 26, Port Hall
Place, Brighton.

CLERK. — Advertiser seeks engagement as
above; well up in Seeds, Bulbs, and Sundries, and accus-
tomed to Plants and Book-keeping. — SEEDS. Gardeners'
Ckronicle Office, 11, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

FLORAL ARTIST and DECORATOR, First-
class. — Age 25 ; will be disengaged in autumn. Distance
no object. Undeniable testimonials. Well-known in the trade.
— O., 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. -

TO FLORISTS.— Wanted by a young Lady, a
situation at a Florist's.— A. B., 13, Victoria Cottages,
Archway Road, Highgate, N.

HOLLOWAY'S OINTMENT and PILLS.—
Diseases of the most formidable and chronic characters
have been cured by Holloway's remedies. Ulcerations which
have proved themselves incurable by any other known means
have healed kindly under the purifying and regenerating in-
fluence of this excellent Ointment. Sprains, stiff joints, con-
tracted muscles and glandular swellings can be most safely
and effectually healed by Holloway's Ointment and Pills,
which can do no harm under any circumstances. Neither of
these medicaments has anything deleterious in its composi-
tion ; both are essentially purif v ing and strengthening in their
nature. The combined power of these noble remedies enables
them successfully to cope with most descriptions of impurities
and to cure, or at least relieve, most varieties of diseases.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[JulyJ3. 1889.

BOULTON & PAUL,

HORTICULTURAL
BUILDERS,

NORWICH.

No. 73.— SPAN-ROOF GARDEN FRAME.

This Frame is strong and very handy to use. Plants grow
very strong and quickly in this form, owing to its ample Tight
and ventilation. The sides of the Frames are 14 inches high,
the ridge is 2 feet 3 inches. Lights turn quite over. Glazed
with 21-oz. English glass, and painted four times.

Length

. Width.

Light Frame, 4 ft.

by 6 ft.

s „

by 6 „

12 „

by 6 „ ,

1B„

by 6 J

20 „

by 6 „

^ „

by 6 „

CARRIAGE is paid to any station in England and Wales,
to Dublin, Cork, Derry, Glasgow, and Edinburgh, or stations
equivalent. CATALOGUES POST-FREE.

TANNED NETTING, 2 yards wide, \±d. per
yard. 105. per 100 yards: 4 yards wide, 3d. per yard, 20s.
per 100. NEW TWINE NETTING, 1 inch mesh. 1 yard wide,
2d. ; 2 yards wide, id. ; 4 yards wide. Sd. per yard. COTTON
NETTING, 54 inches wide. 9 meshes to square inch. Id. per
yard— best article to protect Fruit Trees, &c. HEXAGON
NETS. VI meshes to inch, 4£d. per yard.
W. CULLINGFORD. 127, Field Road, Forest Gate, London, E.

To Nurserymen, Seed Merchants, and Florists.

JBLACKLSUKN and SUNS are offering Arch-
• angel Mats Lower than any other house iu the trade; also
Petersburg Mats, and Mat Bags, Rartia Fibre, Tobacco Paper,
and Shading. Prices free. — 4 and 5, Wormwood Street, E.C.

Established 1818.

55,

LIONEL STREET,
BIRMINGHAM.

HENRY HOPE

HORTICULTURAL

BUILDER and

HEATING ENGINEER.

NEW
CATALOGUE

of Greenhouses & Garden
Frames, just issued, will
be sent, post-free, to any
address, on reference to
this advertisement.

NEW
CATALOGUE

of Greenhouses & Garden
Frames, just issued will
be sent, post-free, to any
address, on reference to
this advertisement.

SEND FOR NEW PRICED ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE.

R. HALLIDAY & CO.,

HOTHOUSE BUILDERS and HOT- WATER ENGINEERS,

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER.

Vineries, Stoves, Greenhouses. Peach Houses, Forcing Houses, &c, constructed on our improved plan, are the
perfection of growing houses, and for practical utility, economy, anddurability cannot be equalled. We only do one class of work,
and that the vert best.

Conservatories and Winter Gardens designed architecturally correct without the assistance of any one out of our firm,
from the smallest to the largest. Hot-water Heating Apparatus, with really reliable Boilers, erected, and success guaranteed

in all cases. Melon Frames, Sashes, Hotbed Boxes, &c., always in stock.

Plans, Estimates and Catalogues free. Customers waited on in any part of the Kingdom.

Our Maxim is and always has been —

MODERATE CHARGES. FIRST-CLASS WORK. THE BEST MATERIALS.

Editorial Communications should be addressed to " The Editor;" Advertisements and Business Letters to " The Publisher," at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, Loudon, W.C
Printed by William Richards, at the Office of Messrs. Bradbury, Agnew, & Co., Lombard Street, Preoinct of Whitefriars, City of London, in the County of Middlesex, and published by the
paid William Richards at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden in the said County.— Saturday, July 13, 1889. Agent fot-Manchest.r— John Heywood.

Established

No. 134,-Vol. VI. Q™}

SATURDAY, JULY 20, 1889.

/Regt. i

\W1TH

s a Newspaper. <"PR|CE 3d .

SUPPLEMENT. \ POST-FREE, 3U.

CONTENTS.

Agricultural Bill, a new...

Nomenclature of plants ...

Amorphophallus Titanum

Odontoglossum Hunne-

Annuals at Chiswick

wellianum

Anthurium cymbiforme...

,, Oerstedii majus

Anubias heterophylla

fi7

Orchid notes

Bifrenaria atro-purpurea .

Orchids, list of garden ...

Bouillie Bordelaise, effect

Paris Exhibition gardens .

of, on wine

Plant portraits

Calanthe biloba

Plants and their culture .

Calceolarias, shrubby

Potato disease, the ...

Catalpa, a hybrid

Rosa berberidifolia

Chambre Syndicale of

Rose Conference, the

Ghent

7fi

,, Fortune's Yellow ...

Cjpripedium aenanthum .

Roses, protection of in

Eriopsis rutidobulbon

winter

Florists' flowers

Royal Botanical Society of

Flower garden

France

Foreign correspondence ...

Shirley Poppies, the

Fruits under glass

Slugs

Gardening appointments .

Societies : —

Hardv fruit garden

Dursley

Hollyhocks

Ealing

Kitchen garden

Edinburgh Botanical ...

Lathyrus Drummondi

Portsmouth

Lilium Harrisi

Wulverhampton

Liq aid manure for the

Spraying fruit trees

garden

Strawberry British Queen

Luton Hoo, hardy fernery

,. Laxton's Noble

Veitch, J., & Sons' nuisery

Narcissus, hybrid

Weather, the

v ILLU8TRATI0N8.

Hollyhocks

Luton Hoo, hardy Fernery at (Supplement).
Rosa berberi lifolia, prolified flower of...
Rose seedling

Advertisers are specially requested to note, that,
under no circumstances whatever, can any
particular position be guaranteed for ad-
vertisements occupying less space than an
entire column.

Now ready. In cloth, lis. 6d.
n^HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

J- Vol. V., Third Series. JAN. to JUNE. 18S9.

W. RICHARDS. 41. Wellington Street. Strand, W.C.

rpHE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

JL IN AMERICA.

The Subscription to America, including Postage, is $4.30 for
Twelve Months.

Agent for America: — E. H. LIRBY, "The American Garden,"
751, Broadway, New York, to whom American Orders may
be sent.

TIIE NTHAM and ' H A N F 0 ft D
HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.
The SECOND ANNUAL EXHIBITION will be held in
Trentham Gardens, on JULY 25, by kind permission of the
Dnke of Sutherland. PRIZES to the amount of ONE HUN-
DRED and FIFTY POUNDS will be given. First frize Col-
lection, Fruit. 8 dishes, distinct, £7. 3t5 Roses, distinct, £rf.
Entries close, July 17. For Schedules, apply,

JOHN TAYLER, Trentham, Stoke on-Trent.

THE UOYAL HORTICULTURAL

J- SOCIETY of SOUTHAMPTON.

GREAT SUMMER SHOW, AUGUST 3 and 5.
THREE HUNDRED POUNDS in PRIZES.
• En' ries close, July 29.

C. S. FUIDGE. Sec, Heckrield House, Bevoirs Hill.

1 IVEKl'OUL HORTICULTUKAL

-L' ASSOCIATION.

The TENTH SUMMER EXHIBITION of PLANTS
FLOWERS. FRUITS, and VEGETABLES, Grand Gymnastic
display. Naval Tournament, and Exhibition of Bees, will be
held on the Police Cricket and Athletic Grounds, Fairfield, on
SATURDAY and MONDAY, August 3 and 5. Entries close,
July 2?. Schedule of Prizes on application to

EDWARD BRIDGE, Se.-., Tarbock Road. Huyton.

CLAY CROSS HORTICULTURAL
SOCIETY. -The ANNUAL SHOW of the above will be
held on TUESDAY. August 13. Entries clo-e August 5. For
Schedules, app y lo Tivrn

Clay Cross, Chesterfield. »■ LAMB.

BARTERS' "TESTED"

FOR PRESENT SOWING.

SEEDS

C A B B A G E.— CARTERS' HEARTWELL
MARROW, acknowledged to be the finest early Cabbage
in cultivation, price Is. Gd. per ounce, Gd. and Is. per packet,
post-free.

CARTERS' MAMMOTH BEEFHEART, the best main
crop Cabbage, price Is. Gd. per ounce, Gd. and Is. per packet,
post-free.

T ETTUCE.— CARTERS' GIANT WHITE

-*-^ COS, price 2s. Gd. per ounce, Gd. and Is. per packet,
post-free.

DUNNETT'S GIANT WINTER COS, price 2s. Gd. per ounce,
Gd. and Is. per packet, post-free.

ALL THE YEAR ROUND, price Is. 3d. per ounce, Gd. per
packet, post-free.

ON I O N.— CARTERS' GOLDEN GLOBE
TRIPOLI, price Is. and 2s. Gd. per packet, post-free.
CARTERS' GIANT WHITE TRIPOLI, price Is. per ounce ;
Gd. per packet, post-free.

CARTERS' WHITE EMPEROR, price Is. and 2s. Gd. per
packet, post-free.

c
o

ARTERS', Royal Seedsmen by Sealed

Warrants, 237 and 238. HIGH HOLB0RN. LONDON.

ttCHIDS. — Clean, well-grown plants, at low
prices. Specimen Orchids a specialty. Price List free,
JAMES CYPHER. Exotic Nurseries. Cheltenham.

LAXTON'S NEW STRAWBERRIES
Must be grown by all.
Descriptive LIST, with prices of "Latest of All" (new,
1889), "Noble," "A. F. Barron," "Commander," &c, now
ready. Six Kirst-class Certificates.

THOMAS LAXTON. Seed Grower, Bedford.

AUSTIN ROBERTS is prepared to RECEIVE
CHOICE FLOWERS for DNpoal at best Market Prices.
Quick Sales, prompt returns, nnd Werkly Settlements. Good
references. Boxes and Labels supplied.

26, Russell r-ourt, Catherine Street, Strand, London, W C.

HOOPER and CO. (Limited), are in a
position to guarautee the highest Market Prices for
EUCHARIS, LILY of the VALLEY, ROSES, ORCHIDS,
ARUM LILIES, and every description of Cut Flowers. Com-
municate with Commission Department.
HOOPER and CO. (Limited), Covent Garden, London, W.C.

ME S S R ST ~GRE~GollY and E V AN S,
Nursf.rymf.n. Sidcup, and 285, 288, 287, 28S. Flower
Market, Covent Garden, London. W.C. are open to RECEIVE
CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS in any quantity
for their Commission Department. Boxes and Labels supplied.
Telegraph Address — " COMMISSION, SIDCUP."

JW. BARNHAM (late of Squelch &
■ Barnham) RECEIVES ON COMMISSION. GRAPES,
TOMATOS, and other Choice FRUITS ; also FLOWERS. His
personal attention securing highest Market Prices. Account
Sales daily, and cheques at option. Baskets and labels found.
Long Market. Covent Garden, W.C.

HENRY SQUELCH (late Squelch & Barn-
ham) RECEIVES CONSIGNMENTS of good Black
Grapes, Muscats, Cucumbers, Tomatos, and Beans ; also all
kinds of choice Hothouse Flowers. H. Squelch's trade being
especially for First>class Hothouse Produce, and he having a
connection amongst the best Houses in London and Country, is
able to command highest Market Prices. Account Sales fur-
nished daily, and uccounts settled weekly, or as desired.

Emptiesand Labels Supplied. Bankers' and other references.
North Row, Covent Garden Market, W .C.

PEACHES, FIGS, MELONS, GRAPES,
CUCUMBERS, TOMATOS, &c. Highest Market Prices
guaranteed. Prompt Cash —HENRY RIDES, Covent Garden.

Manetti Stocka.-Caah on Delivery.

WANTED, free well-grown stuff. Quantity
for sale, with price per 5,000 or 10.000. to
P. H. B., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, -11, Wellington Street,
Strand. W.C.

WANTED, ROSE BUDS, of all the best
kinds, must be true— in EXCHANGE for Seedling
BRIARS— Cuttings of till kinds of Bedding ZONAL PELAR-
GONIUMS and STRAWBRRKY WATERLOO.

H. CANNELL and SONS. Swanley, Kent.

For Autumn Sowing.
BUTTON'S FLOWER OF SPRING

kD CABBAGE, the best for autumn sowing, dwarf compact
habit, firm heart, and stands well, Is. Gd. per ounce. Post-free.
SUTTON'S MAGNUM BONUM CAULIFLOWER, un-
doubtedly the finest of all the Cauliflowers, 2s. Gd. per packet,
Post-free. SUTTON'S WINTER WHITE COS LETTUCE,
one of the most valuable Lettuces yet offered, especially prized
for winter use, Is. per packet, Post-free.

Sutton's Seeds Genuine only Direct from
SUTTON and SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen, READING.

Dutch Bulbs Direct from the Growers.

ANT. ROOZEN and SON'S CATALOGUE
for 1889, containing details of their immense Collections
of New, Rare, and fine Bulbs and Plants (94 pages in English)
is now ready, and will, as usual, be sent post-fiee, on applica-
tion to themselves or their Agents.

Messrs. MERTENS and CO., 3, Cross Lane, St. Mary-at-
Hill, London, E.C.

ROMAN HYACINTHS, NARCISSUS,
LILIUMS, TUBEROSES, and many other FRENCH
BULBS, grown and offered by LOUIS BREMONU, fils,
Ollioules. Fr nee.

WHOLESALE LIST on application to WILLIAM DEN-
MAN, 7, Catherine Street, Covent Garden, London. W.C.

PRIMULAS— PRIMULAS- PRIMULAS.—
Twentieth year of distribution. Williams'Superb Strain,
Is. id. per dozen. 10s. per 100. CINERARIAS, same price ;
also double white PRIMULAS, 6d. each. Carriage free for
cash with order.— JOHN STEVENS, The Nurseries. Coventry.

NATIVE PLANTS, FERNS, and SEEDS, of
New Zealand :— Ranunculus Lyalli, R, Buchauani, R.
Godleyanus, Cordylinis, Clematis, Celmisias, Ourisias. &c. —
Can be supplied in any quantity at low rates by GEORGE MAT-
THEWS, Nurseryman and Seedsman, Dunedin, New Zealand.

KAFFRAK1AN PALM. — Fresh Seeds in
July of PHffiNIX RECLINATA.
Apply to Messrs. HURST AND SON. 152, Houndsditch, E :
or to J. C. NELSON, Cambridge Nurseries, Knffraria, South
Africa. Nurserymen's CATALOGUES desired.

PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION of CHOICE
DAFFODILS. — Bulbs now ready (and better for early
plantation), being surplus from the finest private collection in
the kingdom. -Some good LILIES in September fmm same
gardens. Lists —WOOD'S Hardy PlantClub. Kirkstall. Leeds.

13ALMS. — Leading decorative sorts in many
sizes, great quantities, and in finest health.
FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Nurseryman, Richmond, Surrey,
and Flower Market, Covent Garden. W.C.

T ILIES OF THE VALLEY!

_Li Engli>h-grown !

The best for early forcing, finest large flowers, and superior
in every respect to German crowns. Price per 1000, 10.000. to
100,000 ou application.

T. JANNOCH, Lily of the Valley Grower by Special Appoint-
ment to H.R.H. The Prince of Wales, Dersingliam, King's
Lynn, Norfolk.

RHUBARB.— 20,000 large Roots, ten years
old, suitable for forcing. £\ per 100. on rail. Cash with
order. J. J. CLARK, West Brighton. Sussex.

S truwbGrriGS

CHARLES TURNER'S New and Descriptive
LIST is now ready, and may be had free on application.
The Royal Nurseries, Slough.

DICKSON'S IMPROVED MUSHROOM
SPAWN, most superior, now reduced to 5*. per bushel
of 14 cakes. Circular with Cultural Notes and List of
Testimonials post-free on application.
DICKSONS (Limited). The Royal Seed Warehouse. CHESTER.

NICOTINE SOAP.— An effectual eradicator
of all insect pests affecting plants, without injury
to foliage. Jars, If. Gd., 3s. . 5s. Gd. ; Tins, 15s. Gd., 36*., 96*.
All See lymen nnd Florists.

THOMSON'S IMPROVED VINE and PLANT
MANURE. — This valuable Manure is made only by us.
Every bag and tin has our name on it. To be hud of nil Nursery
and Seedsmen, and direct from us. 1 cwt. and over curr ape
paid. London Agent— Mr. GEORGE. 10. Victoria Rnad. Puln.-y.
WM. THOMSON AND SONS, Clovenfords, Gulashiels, N.B.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 20, 1889.

SALES by AUCTION.

Thursday Next— (Sale No. 7957.)
CHOICE ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS and TREE FERNS.

ME. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUC-
TION, at his Great Rooms. :I8, King Street Covent
Garden, VV. C, on THURSDAY NEXT, July 25, at half-past
12 o'Clock precisely, a choice COLLECTION of ESTABLISHED
ORCHIDS, including many fine varieties in Flower and Bud,
rare Cypnpediums, &c. Also IMPORTED ORCHIDS, TREE
FERNS from New Zealand, &c.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Friday Next.— Cypripediums.

MESSRS. PKOTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67
and 68. Cheapside, London. E.C., on FRIDAY NEXT, July 26,
a very fine COLLECIION of CYPRIPEDIUMS, including
amongst many others Cypripedium Arthurianum, C. Arthur-
ianum grandiflorum, C. regile, C. Winnianum. C. Gods^ff-
ianum, C. Buchanianum, C. caudatum Luxembourg variety,
C.pivouinum, C. javanico superbieus ; also a large quantity of
various ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, together with a few
splendid pieces (imported), of the beiutiful SCHOMBUKGKIA
COKINATA GRIES, flowers in large heads, white and prettily
marked with bright rose ; also the pure white EPIDENDRUM
INDIVISUM. and other ORCHIDS.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Friday Next.

DENDROBIU.tf NOBtLE ALBUM.
CYPRIPEDIUM SAVAGEANUM.

TITESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will

lVL SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and
68, Cheapside, London, E.C., on FRIDAY NEXT, Julv 26, at
half-past 12 o'clock, by order of Me srs. Seeger & Tropp. the
entire Stock, consisting of Three Plants only of the new DE.V-
DROBIUM NOBILE ALBUM, the first and only of its kind in
existence. The sepals and petals of this novelty are wholly
pure white, and the lip creamy-white, with a dark rose blotch
in centre. At same time will be offered the only rem lining
Plant of the new and beautiful CYPRIPEDIUM SAVAGE-
ANUM; also the New CYPRIPEDIUM SEEGERIANUM, C.
PAGEANUM. CATTLEYA CALUMNATA MAGNIFICA, and
other New, Rare, and Valuable ORCHIDS.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Acton.

Important to Builders, Florists. Speculators, and others.
An exceedingly CHOICE FREEHOLD ESTATE.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed to SELL by AUCTION, at the Mart. Token-
house Yard, London, E.G., on WEDNESDAY, July 31, at
2 o'clock, in one Lot, the VALUABLE FREEHOLD NUR-
SERY or BUILDING ESTATE, known as the Priory Nursery,
Acton Lane, Acton, situate within a few minutes walk of
Acton, South Acton, Acton Green, and Turnham Green
Railway Stitions.

The Estate comprises an area of about 4 Acres, with 28 well-
built Greenhouses, containing nearly 40,000 feet of Glass,
heated by 9.100 feet of Hot-water Piping, Stabling for 4 Horses,
Coach Houses, and Numerous Trade Buildings. The Property
possesses great advantages for being continued as a Nursery,
but the Land is thoroughly ripe for Building Purposes and,
with the important frontages of 383 feet, affords ample scope
for development for Building Purposes. The Subsoil is fine
Sand. Possession will be given on completion of the purchase.

Particulars, with plan, may be had on the Premises ; at the
Mart, E.C. ; of Messrs. FORD. LLOYD, BARTLETT AND
MICHELMORE, Solicitors, 4, Bloomsbury Square, W.C. ; of
W. H. HUDSON, Esq.. Solicitor, 1, Furnival's Inn, E.C. j and
of the Auctioneers and Surveyors, 67 and 68, Cheapside,
London, E.C. ; and Leytonstone.

Special Sale.— Friday, August 2.

Instead of Julv 30, as announced last week.
ORCHIDS IN FLOWER.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
desire to announce that their NEXT SALE of ORCHIDS
in FLOWER will take place as above, for which they will
be GLAD TO RECEIVE NOTICE OF ENTRIES AS EARLY
AS POSSIBLE.

To Nurserymen, Florists, and Others.
SILVER HALL NURSERY, Isleworth, about J acre, com-
prising 10 Houses, well stocked with Cucumbers, Tomatos,
Ferns, &c. ; very fine Azaleas, Solanums, Bouvardias, and
miscellaneous Bedding Plants, Pear Trees, Apple Trees,
Plums. Currants. Gooseberries, &c.

MESSRS. WALPOLE, LEWIN and CO.
will SELL the LEASE and GOODWILL of the above
BUSINESS by AUCTION, at the Mart, Tokenhouse Yard, E.C,
on WEDNESDAY, July 24, 1889, at 1 o'clock precisely.

Particulars and conditions of Sale may be had of J. F.
DAVIES, Esq., Solicitor, 26, Putney Bridge Road, S.W. ; at
the Mart, E.C. ; on the Premises, and of the Auctioneers,
41 and 4IA, Wilton Road, S.W.

To be Sold.— A Great Bargain.

West of England.

FOR SALE, on particularly advantageous
terms, a genuine NURSERY BUSINESS. An excep-
tional opportunity to any one with capital.

Full particulars of Messrs. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS, 67
and iiS, Cheapside, London, E.C.

r~PO BE SOLD, an extensive Wholesale and

JL Retail NURSERY BUSINESS, situate in Richmond,
Surrey. Established in 1802. Now being sold in consequence
of the declining health of the proprietors, in whose hands it
hai been for the last 50 years. For further particulars, apply to
WATS'lN BRO-i., 6, Charlotte Street, Portland Place, W.

I^OK SALE, a FLORIST and MARKET
1 GARDENER'S BUSINESS. 20 miles from London. A

gond clianc* for an active man. £500. with Crops and Plant.
Address by letter. KAPPA, care of Cros>le,, Moir, & Co.,

57, Coleman Street, E.C,

Snaresbrook, N.E.— To Nurserymen and Florists.

TO LET or for SALE, a commodious Freehold
HOUSE, with Outbuildings, 4 Glass-houses, and about
half an acre of Land. A first-class opeuing for an energetic man.
SUTTON ABBOTT, Auctioneer, The Mall, Wanstead, N.E.

To Nurserymen— A good opportunity.

TO LET, VICARAGE NURSERY, Vicarage
Road, Lower Tottenham, consi-ting of double-fronted
House of 9 rooms, and 5 Glass-houses in rear of house. Rent
£15 per annum ; or could be Purchased, payment to extend
over a term of years.

Apply to CARETAKER on Premises to view.

FLOWER M A R K E T.— Commodious
PREMISES, with spacious Ground Floor, facing the
Wholesale Flower Market, TO LET, suitable for a Wholesale
Trade. Rent moderate. Upper portion all let off if not
wanted.— Apply, SIMMONS, 35, Haymarket, S.W.

TO BE LET, from Michaelmas, DYSON'S
FARM, at Eilmonton. Comprising a comfortable House,
ample Stabling, Bunching Sheds, and other Buildings ; and
38 acres of Market Garden Land, now occupied by Mr. Hollington.
Apply to Messrs. PHILIP D. TUCKETT AXD CO., Land
Agents, 10A, Old Broad Street, E.C.

Ponder's End, Middlesex (8 miles from London).

To NURSERYMEN and FLORISTS.

TO BE LET, on Lease, one to twenty acres
of rich MEADOW LAND for 21, 60, or 80 years at £10 to
£12 per acre, with option of Purchasing the Freehold during
the first 9 years.

Apply to A. and G. GUIVER, Land Agents, Ponder's End,
Middlesex.

PROTHEROE and MORRIS, Horticul-
tural Market Garden and Estate Auctioneers and
Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C, and at Leyton-
stone, E. Monthly Horticultural Register had on application.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

(JOHN COWAN), Limited,

Make SPECIALTIES of the following :—

ORCHIDS, of which they have an immense stock, and they are
constantly receiving fresh importations from various parts
of the world,

ORCHID BASKETS, made of the best Teak and Copper Wire.

COWAN'S PATENT ORCHID POTTERY, which should be
used for all Orchids.

ORCHID PEAT of best quality. Sphagnum MOSS. Best
Wood CHARCOAL.

TEA and Other ROSES in pots. The Company have a
large and splendid stock, all healthy and vigorous.

FERNS, a large aud fine stock of the leading kinds.

GRAPE VINES. The Company's Stock is, as usual, unsur-
passed by any in the country. Strong Vines raised from
eyes this season, lit for immediate planting.

STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, suitable for table
and other purposes, in great variety.
The Company offer all the above at the lo\ve:t possible

prices. Descriptive PRIOE LISTS, post-free, on application to

THE VINEYARD AND NURSERIES,
GARSTON, LIVERPOOL.

"GrE

E M S " — " G E M S " — " G E M S "

of Choice Stove Plants.

OXERA PULCHELLA — dense clusters, 8 to 10 inches
across, of pure white, funnel-shaped flowers, about 2 inches
long and 1 inch across. Flowers in winter very lasting,
graceful and beautiful. 5s.

SCHUBERTIA GRANDIFLORA— flowers white with de-
lightful, almond-like fragrance, produced in large trusses,
similar to Stephanotis. Excellent for cutting. 2s. 6d. and 3s. 6d.

STEPHANOTIS FLORIBUNDA— the finest variety in cul-
tivation, and freest bloomer, flowering at every joint, and
blooms in a lower temperature than any other variety we
know. Is., Is. 6rf., 2s. 6rf., 3s. 6rf., 5s. ; and fine specimens,
2ls., 31s. 6ti., ami 40s. each.

STIGMAPHYLLUM CILIATTJM (Golden Vine) — flowers
rich orange, similar to the lovely Orchid Oncidium flexuosuni.
Very disiinct. 2s. Qd. each.

TOXICOPHL.EA SPECTABILIS (Winter Sweet) — large
dense sprays of white flowers, sweetly perfumed. Beautiful
winter-flowering plant. 2s. &d. and 3s. 6d. each.

GLONERA JASMINIFLORA— one of the most beautiful
white-flowering plants for either cutting or decoration. Blooms
in the winter or early spring, and worthy of a place in the
most select collection. 2s. &d. and 3s. 6rf.

CATALOGUES of these, and all you want for a Garden free,
by post from

WM. CLIBRAN AND SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham ;
10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.

YEWS (Golden and Seedling Variegated).—
Now is the time to see these lovely Trees in their
glorious splendour of colour. Nothing can exceed their mag-
nificent beauty, and no place, however small, should be with-
out them. Purchasers are invited to inspect our unrivalled
stock. Come and select your plants for removal next autumn ;
also all kinds of Ornamental Trees in every shade and tint.
ROSES and CLEMATIS in pots in large quantities.

H. LANE and SON, Nurseries, Great Berkhamstead.

1 ft VARIETIES of STRAWBERRIES, which

J-vl R. Gilbert considers the cream. They include all the
modern varieties, but the good old Standards are not forgotten.
In pots for forcing, and ordinary hand layers.

Send for R. G.'s STRAWBERRY LIST, where all are
described and priced, with Hints upon Culture. Warranted
true to name.

R. GILBERT, High Park, Stamford.

NORTHAMPTONSHIRE HORTICULTU-
RAL SOCIETY'S GREAT SUMMER SHOW, Ahbey
Park, Northampton, August 21 and 22. TWO HUNDRED and
FIFTY POUNDS in PRIZES. For best 12 Plants, £15. £10,
£5, £2 10s. Central Group for Conservatory Decoration. £9
£o, £3 10s. 21 Roses, £i. £1 10s.. £1. Collection of Veget-
ables. 12 varieties, selected, Veitch Memorial Medal and Prize,
£o. £1 10s., 15s., 7s. Gd. Entries close, August 9. Schedules
and full particulars from

W. B. TROUP, Secretary, Northampton.

QHREWSBURY GREAT FLORAL FETE,

O WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY, August 21 and 22.— For
Twenty Plants, £25. £20, £15. For Grapes, £60. Collection
of Fruit. £10. £6. £3. Collection of Vegetables, £5. £3, £2.
Messrs. Webb's Prizes for a Collection of Vegetables, £5. £3,
£2, £1. Valuable Prizes offered by Messrs. Sutton & Sons.
Schedules may be had from

Messrs. ADNITT and NAUNTON, Hon. Sees., Shrewsbury.

TNTERNATIONAL CHRYSANTHEMUM

A CENTENARY EXHIBITION, to be held in Edinburgh, on
NOVEMBER 21, 22, and 23, 1889. Prizes offered in Moneyand
Silver Cups, to value over TWO HUNDRED and FIFTY
POUNDS, including the " City of Edinburgh" Cup. value £20.
Prize Schedules and Rules to be had on application, to
Messrs. MUNRO aud FERGUSON (Joint Hon. Secretaries), 6,
South Saint Andrew Street, Edinburgh. .

NATIONAL CO-
OPERATIVE FLOWER
SHOW, to be held at the
Crystal Palace on August 17,
in connection with the Great
Co-operative Festival and Ex-
hibition. FIVE HUNDRED
POUNDS in Prizesand Medals.
Entries close August 7. Sche-
dules free on application to
the Agricultural and Horti-
cultural Association (under
whose auspices the Show is
held).

EDWD. OWEN GREEN-
ING, Secretary.
Creek Road, Deptford, S.E.

.3, Agar Street, Strand, W.C.

T/"ENT STRAWBERRIES. — Swanley has

AV. again this season far excelled all other localities. We
have 8 acres in 40 best kinds, specially for runners, and can
supply anv quantity at once. Send for a CATALOGUE.
H. CANNELL AND SONS, Swanley, Kent.

PRIMULAS, Double White, 5.s. per doz., 30s.
per 100. Prices for quantities on application. Terms
cash with order,

TAYLOR AND CO.,
Nurserymen, Timperley, Cheshire.

SPECIAL SURPLUS OFFER.— A few large

O PALMS, DRACAENAS, CROTONS, CYCAS REVOLUTA,
PANCRATIUMS, &c. also CYPRIPEDIUM INSIGNE,
YUCCA ALOEFOLIA VARIEGATA, and Y. FILAMENTOSA
VARIEGATA. Double PRIMULA ANNIE HILLIfcR, strong
plants. 9s. and 12s. per dozen; 70s. per 100. Strong CLE-
MATIS, in best vara., do. do. AMPELOPSIS VEITCHII. ver/
fine, do. do. Tea-Scented ROSES, very fine bushy plants on
Sweet Brier, leading varieties, 12s. per dozen; 80s. per 100.
LISTS free. Terms cash, packing free.

EDWIN HILLIER, The Nurseries, Winchester.

The Best Present for a Gardener.
INES and VINE CULTURE.

The most complete and exhaustive Treatise on

Grapes and their Culture ever published.

New Edition.

Price 5s., post-free 5s. Qd.

A. F. BARRON, Royal Horticultural Society, Chiswick.

EAST LOTHIAN INTERMEDIATE STOCKS.

THOMAS METHVEN and SONS offer their
choice strain of the above, in five varieties, viz , Scarlet,
Purple, White, Crimson, and White Wall-leaved, at Is., 2s. 6d.,
and 5s, each colour. Price to the Trade oq application.

By Royal Warrant, Nurserymen and Seedsmen to the
Queen. Edinburgh.

W. GORDON, Importer of ORCHIDS.

AN IMMENSE STOCK of recently imported
plants compels a SALE of the ESTABLISHED PLANTS
to make room. They have not yet flowered, but are all flower-
ing plants, and mu-»t be sold at a GREAT SACRIFICE. Very
valuable varieties are certainly to be obtained, and great bar-
gains. See Public Journals for high prices recently obtained.
The SPECIAL OFFER affords a PAYING INVESTMENT to
anyone with glass at command, which should not be over-
looked. Such plants may never again be offered to the Public
and Trade. Good Established Plants : —

25 in 25 species and varieties £3 3 0

50 in 50 „ „ „ 5 5 0

100 in 100 10 10 0

CATALOGUE of the above large stock held on application to

W. GORDON,
The Nurseries, Amyand Park Road, Twickenham, Middlesex.

T I L Y OF THE VALLEY.

-L^ First-class German flowering Crowns.

Any Quantity.
H. D A M M A N N, Jun,
Breslau.

To Seedsmen.

FOR SALE, a NEST of 56 DRAWERS,
nearly new. — Apply, 25, Catherine Street, Covent
Garden, W.C.

NEW SEASON'S ARCHANGEL MATS.
First shipment just arrived.— RAFFIA FIBRE. Bright
and prime quality, all plaited. Prices on application.
JAMES T. ANDERSON, 135, Commercial Street, London, E.

July 20, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

%im *cut-na

GARDEN
REQUISITES.

Two Pkize Medals.

Quality, THE BEST In the Market. (All sacks included.)

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process),

sacks, IsAd. each; lOsacks.l^s. Gd.; 15sacks,175.6^., 20sacks,

205. ; 25 sacks. 24s. ; 30 sacks, 27s. ; 40 sacks, 35s. ; 50 sacks,

40s.; Truck-load, loose, free on rail, 30s. Limited quantities

of G., special quality, granulated in sacks only, 2s. Gd. each.

GENUINE ORCHID PEAT, 8s. Gd. per sack ; 5 sacks, 40s. ;

BEST BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. per sack ; 5 for 22s. Gd.

BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 4s. Gd. per sack ; 5 for 20s.

COARSE SILVER SAND, Is. Gd. per bushel ; 14s. half ton ;

24s. per ton. Yellow Fibrous Loam, Compost, Leaf and Peat

Mould, Is. per bushel. Tobacco Cloth or Paper, Is. per lb.

Special Manures, Peat-Moss Litter, Crushed Bones, Virgin

Cork, &c, &c. Write for Price List.

Terms strictly Cash with order.

CHUBB, ROUND & CO., West Ferry Road, MillwaU,

London, E. Bankers — Union Bank of London.

GENUINE GARDEN REQUISITES,
as supplied to the Royal Gardens. All Sacks free.
Cocoa-nut Fibre Refuse, fresh, 1 sack, Is. 3d.; 10 sacks for
125. ; 15 for 17s. ; 20 for 205. ; 30 for 285. ; 2 ton truck free on
rail, 30s. Best Brown Fibrous Kent Peat, 55. per sack ; 5 for
22s. Gd. ; 10 for 35s. Best Black Peat, 4s. Gd. per sack ; 5 for 20s.
Coarse Bedfords' Sand, Is. Gd. per bushel; lis. half ton ; 25s.
per ton. Potting Composts, 5s. per sack. Genuine Peruvian
Guano, Crushed Bones, Fertilisers, &c. Fresh Sphagnum
Moss, 2s. 6rf. per bushel ; 6s. per sack. Charcoal, 2s. Gd. per
bushel; 8s. per sack. Flower Sticks, painted and unpainted ;
Labels, and Bamboos. Best Raffia, Is. per lb. ; 7 lb. for 5s. Gd.
Pure Leaf Mould, Peat Mould, and Yellow Fibrous Loam, each
Is. per bushel ; 3s. per sack. Specialite Tobacco Paper, and
Cloth, Is. per lb.; 23 lb. for 26s. Mushroom Spawn, best
quality, 4s. per bushel. Russia Mats, 10s. to 18s. per dozen.
Virgin Cork, 28 lb., 5s. Gd.; 561b., 10s.; 1 cwt., 17s. Write
for free Price List.— W. HERBERT and CO., Hop Exchange.
Southwark Street, London, S.E. (near London Bridge).

BEESON'S MANURE.— The Best and
Cheapest Fertiliser for all purposes. Write for Circular
containing the Leading Gardeners' and Market Growers'
Reports. Sold in Tins, Is., 2s. Gd., 5s. Gd., and 10s. Gd. each,
or 1 cwt. Bags, sealed, 13s. By all Seedsmen, or applv direct to
W. H. BEESON, Carbrook Bone Mills, Sheffield.

Sold in Packets, 6d. and Is. each, and in

SEALED BAGS ONLY,

7 lb, 14 lb. 28 lb. 56 lb. 1 cwt.

2/6 4/6 7/6 12/6 20/-
CLAY & LEVESLEY,

TEMPLE MILL LANE,
STRATFORD, LONDON, E.

C. & L. also supply Crushed Bones, Bone Dust, Peruvian Guano,
Sulphate of Ammonia, and Nitrate of Soda, in best qualitiesonly.

ORCHID PEAT, best quality; BROWN
FIBROUS PEAT for Stove and Greenhouse use. RHO-
DODENDRON and AZALEA PEAT. Samples and Prices to
WALKER ant> CO., Farnborough, Hante.

CLIBRANS EUGHARIS MITE KILLER.

Prices :— £ pint. Is. Gd. ; 1 pint, 2s. Gd. ; 1 quart, 4s. 6rf. ;
i gallon, 7s. Gd. ; 1 gallon, 12s. Gd.

Ask your seedsman for it, or apply to
WM. CLIBRAN AMD SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham;
10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.

Mealy Bug >

Mildew

No
Scale i

Blight

SAFE, SURE, CHEAP, and RELIABLE.

/> THE

DEMON"

INSECTICIDE.

> The surest, safest, most effective, and
I economical insecticide ever invented for
5 rise alike in the Greenhouse, Flower and
j Kitchen Gardens.

\ 1 gallon makes 160 gallons of Insecticide.
On Receipt of Sixpence in Stamps
Green Fly j we will post free, to any address, a sample
NO I rpint tin— a practical trial will speak

T?orf onirtor I l°u<ler than words.
*,eu apiaer Testimonials constantly received.

NO S Prices, delivered- free to any address:—

Slugs < 1 pint, Is. Gd. ; 1 quart, 2s.; ^-gallon, 3s.
N ; 1 gallon, 4s. Gd.— tins free. 4 gallons for

Tntioft PootoJ 8s. — Tin to be returned. Larger quan-
inseCT, rests, tities at reduced rates. Sole proprietors—
of any DEtGHTON & CO.,

description. \ Manufacturing Chemists. Bridgnorth.

For Green and Black Fly, American Blight, Camellia

Scale, Red Spider, Mealy Bug. Brown and White Scale,
Worms, Wood Lice, &c.

" DTTPPMil " THE UNIVERSAL
r^ 1 \j n. Ei l\ ri j INSECTICIDE.

SAFE— ECONOMICAL— EFFECTUAL.
15, Prixces Street, Edinburgh, July 15, 1S87.— "Dear
Sirs. I have thoroughly tested a s;< tuple of a new Insecticide
which you were so good to sent me. At the rate of 1 oz. to a
gallon of water at a temperature of 95° I find it kill* Green
Fly immediately. Double this strength, or 2 oz. to a gallon at
120°, seals the fate of Scale of all sorts in a few seconds;
while 3 oz. to gallon at same temperature effectually dissolves
Mealy Bug, and to far as I have yet observed, without the
slightest injury to leaf or flower, and it is withal a nv.st
agreeable compound to work with. All our insect remedies
are applied through common syringe, or garden engine, a much
severer test of efficiency than when applied by hand-washing
or t pray. —I remain, dear sirs, yours truly. (Signed) A.
MACKENZIE," of Messrs. Methven & Sons.

Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper Holloway, London,
January!, 1888. "Gentlemen— I have given your Insecti-
cide, ' Picrena,' a good trial in competition with many others.
I am pleased to say that I have found it to be more effectual
in destroying Mealy Bug and other insects than anything we
have ever used. It ought to command a good sale. (Signed)
B. S. WILLIAMS."

Sold by Chemists, Nurserymen, and Florists,
in Bottles at Is. Gd., 2s. Gd., and 3s. Gd. ; in Tins (1 and 2
gallons), 10s. Gd. and 20s. each ; in quantities of 5 gallons and
upwards, 9s. per gallon.

Prepared only by

DUNCAN, FLOCKHART & CO., Chemists to the Queen,
Edinburgh.

May be had from B. S. WILLIAMS, Victoria and Paradise
Nurseries, Upper Hollowav, London ; and from

WILLIAM EDWARDS and SON, 157, Queen Victoria
Street, London.

Neio Edition, Corrected up to Date.

PAXTON'S CALENDAR.

THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR
OF GARDEN OPERATIONS.

(TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTY-SIXTH THOUSAND.)

By the late Sib JOSEPH PAXTON, M.P., Reprinted from the Gardeners' Chronicle.

Price 3d., Post-free 3£d. ;

Twenty-five Copies, 5s. ; fifty, 10s. ; and one hundred, 20s.

Parcels of not less than twenty-five delivered, Carriage Free, in London only.

Not less than one hundred Carriage Paid to any part of Great Britain.

W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.

TOBACCO PAPER, hest quality, la. per lb.;
U lb.. 13s. Do. CLOTH, Is. per lb. ; 141b., 13s. Do.
FIBRE, much stronger, and better than Cloth or Paper, Is. per
lb. ; 14 lb., 13s. 281b. carriage paid to any station. TheTrade
supplied.— PEIRCE and CO., BelvoirRd., St. Andrews, Bristol.

EMON OIL INSECTICIDE.—

-Li The best of all preparations for easily, cheaply, and
effectually cleaning Plants from Green-fly, Thrip Scale, Bug,
&c. Follow the directions, and vou will always use it.

Pint, Is. Gd. ; quart, 2s. M.; J gallon, 5s. ; 1 gallon, 9s. ; 4
gallons, 34s. Ask your seedsman for it, or apply to

WM. CLIBRAN AND SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham:
10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.

BONES !— BONES! !— BONES M !

Crushed Bones in all sizes for Vine Borders, Lawns, Potting,
Grass Lands, &c. Also BONE MEAL for Poultry Feeding
GARDEN GUANO, DISSOLVED BONES, Special MANURES
and FERTILIZERS for all purposes.

For Prices, apply to

HARRISON, BARBER & CO. (Limited),

GARRETT LANE, WANDSWORTH, SURREY. S.W.

THE NORMAL FERTILISER.

For GREENHOUSE or GARDEN.

Price — 7 lb- U lb- 28 lb- 56 lb. 1 cwt.
Jrru-°- 2s. 3s. Gd. Ss.Gd. 9s. 14s.

And in Gd. and Is. packets.
To be had of Seedsmen and Florists, or the NORMAL
MANURE COMPANY, Ltd., 121, Bishopsgate Street Within,
E.C., and Farnham Road, Guildford. Usual Trade Discounts.
Wholesale of Messrs. HURSTahd SON, 152,Houndsditch,London

BENTLEY'S
WEED DESTROYER.

Mr. Elwoetht, Nettlecombe Court, writes:—
" I hayetried two factors, but I find yours much the most de-
structive." For £llU particuIaI.3 apply to

J. BENTLEY,
CHEMICAL WORKS. BARROW-ON-HUMBER. HULL.

Complete Satisfaction Guaranteed

To ail using preparations bearing our Trade Mark in
accordance with our directions. Refuse Imitations.

THE "SWIFT & SURE" INSECTICIDE.

Bottles, 1/6 43/6; gall.,10/G; 4 galls., 30/

o^»4»

"PERFECT ' WEED KILLER.-Gallon,

5 pal., 1/9, 10 gal., 1/6, 40 gal.. 1/4 p. i

"PERFECT WORM DESTROYER.-

Bottlcs, 1/6,1-3/6; gal., 7/6; 5 gal., 5/p. gal.

"PERFECT" MILDEW DESTROYER.—

Bottles, 1/ & 2/; gal. "/; 5 gal. "p gal. WITH0UT WH,CH

' ' * ° NONE ARE GENUINE.

•PFRFECT HORTICULTURAL SUMMER SHADING -

Tins— 1 lb., 1/; 2 lbs., 2/j 6 lbs., 5/.

Are absolutely Unsurpassed for Cheapness
and Efficiency Combined.
Utedat Kew Gardens, Royal Horticultural Gardens, dc.
Single bottles post free at published prices from the manu-
facturers. Special quotations for quantities.
Sole Manufacturers: The

Horticultural & Agricultural Chemical Co.

Principal Agents: BLACKLEY, YOUNG & CO.,
103 HOLM STKEET, GLASGOW.

SOLD BY SEEDSMEN AND FLORISTS.

HUGHES' Soluble

Fir Tree OIL

FLORISTS & NURSERYMEN SHOULD ALL USE IT

Unsurpassed as an insecticide for killing all Insect pests
whether on the roots or on the foliage, without injury to the
most delicate plants. It also imparts gloss and lustre to the
foliage which is so desirable for Exhibition purposes.

Mr. R. Craig, President of the Florist Convention of
America, says: "After trying all Insecticides tbat I could
learn about, I have come to the conclusion that Fir Tree Oil is
the best for all purposes, and I feel convinced there is nothing
to come up to it in the Market."

Dog Fanciers should always use it for Washing their
nnimuls, a small quantity in the Water will make their Coats
Silky, and produce a healthy Skin Action. It kills all para-
sites, and makes the Hair look Beautiful.

Used in the water for Washing Fabrics — it acts as a Disin-
fectant, Bleacher and Cleanser, and should always be used for
Washing Fine Linen Goods.

It kills Insect life on Man, Animals, Birds and Plants, with-
out any fear of injurious effects. It is invaluable for all
Animals and Birds when they are washed.

Sold by all Seedsmen and Chemists, 1/6, 2/G, 4/6 ; ^-Gallon
7/6. 1-Gallon 12/6, or less in larger quantities.

A Treatise on FIR TREE OIL as an INSECTICIDE, Its
application to Plants and Animals, sent Post free on
application to
E. Or. HUGHES, Victoria-St., Manchester.

Wholesale from Messrs. Hooper & Co. ; Corrt, Soper
& Co. ; OSMAN & Co., and all the Seed Merchants and Patent
Medicine Houses in London.

NEW YORK— Rolker & SONS.

THE GAliDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 20, 1889.

BARK'S CATALOGUES

Free on application.
List of Autumn-flowering Crocus and Meadow Saffron.
Daffodil Catalogue, Illustrated, contains the only complete
list of these beautiful hardy spring flowers.

Bulb Catalogue of cheap, rare, beautiful hardy bulba, &c,
for all seasons. .

Plant Catalogue of hardy, free-flowering, beautiful perennials

for flower borders, and as cut flowers.

Seed CATALOGUE, ready 1st January, 1890.
BARR and SON, 12, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocus, Lilies, &c.

CG. VAN TUBEKGEN, Jun., Haarlem,
• Holland.— Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and
may be had free on application to

Messrs. R. SILBERRAD and SON, 25, Savage Gardens,
Crutched Friars, London, E.C.

STRAWBERRY RUNNERS for FORCING.

O —Black Prince, Thury. Paxton, President, and other
favourite varieties. Descriptive LIST, with prices, on appli-
cation. Sample of plants, post-free, '3d.

W. LOVEL AND SON, Strawberry Planters, Driffield.

Dutch Bulbs.

HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUSES, &c,
all first-class roots. Prices per 1000 on application to
P. VAN TIL Jz., AND CO., Florists, Hillegom, near Haarlem,
Holland.

Oa (\(\i\ CLEMATIS, in Pots, of all the

Ov/^V/V/V/ finest Double and Single Varieties (some
of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of
every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for
climbing and beddiug. from 12s. to 24s. per dozen, strong
plants ; extra strong plants, repotted into 5 l-inch pots. 2s 6a.
each ; Beauty of Worcester, a magnificent purple, excellent
for bedding, recently sent out by us, reduced price 25. 6d. each.
Descriptive LIST on application.— RICHARD SMITH AND CO.,
Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester.

Stock Plants for Sale.
DOUBLE GERANIUMS, RASPIL,

and Double White FLORENCE.
G. MAY, The Nurseries, Upper Teddington.

2000

HARTLAND'S "DAFFODIL BOOK" for
1889. As a Trade Production and a Book of Art entirely
devoted to flowers, nothing to equal it published in any country.
36 quarto pages, full of the most faithful illustrations, princi-
pally Daffodils. Post-free. Is. 6d. ; Gratis to all former and
intendingCustomers. Bulbs simply perfection. Writeforcopy.
WM. BAYLOR HARTLAND, Seedsman, Cork, Ireland.

SEEDS FOR PRESENT SOWING.
CABBAGE.

BARNES' NORWICH MARKET, the earliest, Is. per ounce.

7s. Gd. per pound.
BARNES' GREAT EASTERN, the largest, Is. per ounce,
7s. 6d. per pound.

ONION.
BARNES' GIANT ROCCA, the mildest, 9d. per ounce,

6s. per pound.
BARNES' WHITE MAMMOTH, the best white, 6rf. per packet,
Is. 6rt\ per ounce, 12s. per pound.
The best quality only. Post-free. Price LISTS Gratis to all
applicants.

J. E. BARNES ll,Sff£SSgft£!r,t

The " Great Eastern " Seed Stores,
9, EXCHANGE STREET, NORWICH.

pHOICE SUCCULENTS,

\J FOR CARPET BEDDING.

ECHEVERIA METALLICA, ECHEVERIA AGAVOIDES, 9s.

per dozen. ECHEVERIA CUSPIDATA, 4s. per dozen.
PACHYPHYTUM BRACTEOSUM. 5s. per dozen.
SE.MPERVIVUM TABUL.'EFORME, 6s. per dozen.
KLEINIA REPENS, 3s. per dozen.
ALTERNANTHERAS, of sorts, in pots, good plants, 2s. id.

per dozen. Ins. per 100.
IRESINES in pots, 2s. tW. per dozeu, 15s. per 100.
CENTAUREA CANDIDISSIMA, 3s. per dozen, 20s. per 100.
PETUNIAS, single, in pots, 2s. per dozen, 12s. per 100.
AGERATUMS. in pots, 2s. per dozen, 12s. per 100.

CATALOGUE of these and other varieties, and all you want
for a garden, free by post, from

WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham ;
10 and 12. Market Street, Manchester.

^UTBUSH'S MILL-
track MUSHROOM SPAWN.
—Too well known to require descrip-
tion. Price, 6s. per bushel (Is. extra
per bushel for package), or 6d. per
cake ; free by parcel post. Is.

None genuine unless in sealed pack-
ages and printed cultural directions
enclosed, with our signature attached.
WM. CUTBUSH AND SON,
WJ±3 Nurserymen and Seed Merchants,
Hiirhirnte Nnrserien, V

TRADE OFFER OF PALMS, ETC.

ARECA LUTES 6s. Orf. to 24s. Od. p. dor.

„ BAUER1I "

„ SANDERII

CORYPHA AUS

CHAMJEROPS E

EUTERPE EDULIS

GENOMA GRAC

KENTIA BEL

„ FOST

LATANIA BOURB

PHCEN1X REC

„ RU PICO LA

DRACAENAS, OPHIOPOGON,
VEITCHII.
Prices for larger Plants on application. Inspection invited.

WILLIAM ICETON, Putney Park Lane, Putney, S.W. ;
and Flower Market, Covent Garden.

„ 60

0 „

„ 60

0 „

„ 30

0 „

,, 15

0 each

,. 24

0 „

,, 60

0 „

,, 60

0 „

„ 60

0 ,,

„ 60

0 „

„ 60

0 ,,

„ 60

0 „

FI(

!US

PANDANUS

CROMPTON
& FAWKES,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS,

CHELMSFORD.

LOOK of. Photo-Lithographed
Sketches of Winter Gardens, Ranges
of Hothouses, Vineries, Architectu-
ral Conservatories, &c, of various
_P=|jL Designs and Sizes, recently con-
^ structed, erected, fitted, and heated
complete by us in different parts of
the country ; with particularsof the
most successful Hot water Heating
Apparatus of the ceutury.

Post-free on application.

CONTRACTORS TO HER MAJESTY'S WAR DEPARTMENT.

THE THAMESlMTlRON COMPANY

(Telegraphic Address -"HOT- WATER, LONDON." Telephone-No. 4,763)
Have now pleasure in bringing to the notice of Horticulturists and Gardeners generally their

NEW PATENT » 9090, un> HORIZONTAL TUBULAR BOILER,

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and too often ineffect-
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the joints is entirely

/( can be erected in a few
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MESSENGER & CO.'S New CATALOGUE of Greenhouses and Heating Apparatus,

Just issued, will be found the most complete, practical, and reliable guide to all about to build, alter, or heat greenhouses.
Illustrations of every description of Glasshouse, from the largest range of Winter Gardens to the simplest forms of Portable
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is on a scale never before attempted. It should be in the hands of every one interested in gardening, as it contains many practical
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A large number of the illustrations are taken from greenhouses erected by us in various parts of the country, an inspection of
this Catalogue shows, therefore, buildings the efficiency of which has been well tested by actual use. The advantages possessed by
us enable us to carry out work with the utmost promptness, and in the very best style, at prices which defy competition. Surveys
made and gentlemen waited on in any part of the country. Plans and Estimates free on application.

MESSENGER & COMPANY, LOUGHBOROUGH.

Joly 20, 1889.]

TEE GARDENERS" CHRONICLE.

WEBBS'SEEDS

From Rev. H. J. BULL,
Roborougk Rectory.

" Please send me a Is. packet
of Emperor Cabbage Seed. All
who have seen it in this neigh-
bourhood agree that they do not
know its equal."

WEBBS' EMPEROR CABBAGE,

6d. and 18. per packet; Is. 6d. per ounce.

EAKLY NONPAREIL CABBAGE 8d. per ounce.

ENFIELD MARKET CABBAGE 6d „

EARLY RAINHAM CABBAGE 9d

RED DUTCH or PICKLING CABBAGE... 9d. „

ONION. Per packet. Per ounce.
WEBBS' RED GLOBE TRIPOLI ... 6d. ... Is6d.
LARGE FLAT RED TRIPOLI ... 6d. ... lOd

GIANT ROCCA 6d. ... IS 3d.

WHITE LISBON 8d.

Free by Post or Rail.

Seedsmen by Royal Warrants to 11. M. the Queen
and H.R.H. the Prince of Wales.

WORDSLEY, STOURBRIDGE.

ORCHIDS!

Selection of the above, from Borneo, Manilla
(Thilipines), Bangkok, Java, Rangoon (Burmah),
&c, to the extent of £5 and upwards, packed
and shipped (at consignee's risk) on receipt of
order with remittance. Address,

THE ORCHID NURSERY,

UPPER WILKIE ROAD, SINGAPORE.
Special care given in packing.

NEW VARIETIES ALWAYS ON HAND.

FERNS A SPECIALTY.

W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,

FERN NURSERY,

SALE, MANCHESTER.

ROSES IN POTS;

all the best New and Old English and Foreign
sorts, from 18«. to 36s. per dozen.

Descriptive List free on application.

RICHARD SMITH & CO.,

Nurserymen and Seed Merchants,
WORCESTER.

Wemte arid <£e&.

OUR BEGONIAS, &c

One and all of our numerous Visitors, includ-
ing the greatest Connoisseurs, both at home and
abroad, exclaim — " As much as I have heard
and anticipated, I never expected to see such
unbegonia like /lowers as yours • they are wonder-
ful. How on earth do you make and alter flowers
so ? quite a transformation."

At the Royal Botanic— The TIMES, June 20th, says:—
'"Some of Messrs. Cannell's Double Begonias were so large
and full that they were mistaken for Roses."

Our Nurseries are now intensely interesting,
and in order that every facility may be afforded,
Secretaries of large parties should intimate the
same. Send for a CATALOGUE.

H. CANNELL & SONS,

SWANLEY, KENT.

ORCHID EXHIBITION.

One of the most beautiful sights
in London.

ORCHIDS.— The Orchid Exhibition at Mr.

V William Bull's Establishment for New and Rare
Plants, 536, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W., now
open, 10 to 6 o'clock. Admission, 2s. 6d,

("\RCHIDS. — A vision of loveliness unpa-

^-' ralleled in EurODe.

ralleled in Europe.

(\ RC H I DS.- " A scene of the greatest Orchidic
^^ beauty, baffling description, and delying exaggeration."

RCHIDS-— The Exhibition is worth goins
any distance to see at Mr. William Bull's Establish-
ment for New and Rare Plants, 536, King's Road,
Chelsea, London, S.W.

NEW PLANTS for 1889

MR. WILLIAM BULL'S
NEW CATALOGUE FOR 1889,

Now Ready, Price Is.

Containing Name-*, Descriptions, and Prices of many beautiful
New Plants offered for the first time.

WILLIAM BULL, F.L.S.,

Establishment for New and Rare Plants,

536, KING'S ROAD, CHELSEA, S.W.
LAING'S BEGONIAS

t^- A GREAT SPECLALTT.
NOW IN FULL BLOOM.

Unequalled as a floral display. Visitors are
cordially invited ; free admission. Frequent
trains from the City and West End to Catford
Bridge and Forest Hill Railway Stations.

New and General PLAN r CATALOGUE Post-free.

JOHN LAING & SONS,

The Nurseries.

FOREST IILLL, LONDON, S.E.

ORCHIDS AND PALMS

The Stock is of such magnitude that, without seeing it, it is not

easy to form an adequate conception of its unprecedented extent.

Inspection Intited.

The Glass covers an area of upwards of 300,000 super, feet.

HUGH LOW & CO.,

CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, E.

KELWAY & SON

Now is the time to plant : —

PY'RETHRUMS, of which we grow 3 acres.
DELPHINIUMS. do. do. 3 .,

GAILLARLUAS, do. do. 2 ,,

PHLOXES,
PENTSTEMONS.
" The largest collection in the world." for which the highest
awards of the Royal Horticultural and Royal Botanic Societies
of London have been given.

See our MANUAL for 1889. Gratis and Post-free.

IiANGPORT, SOMERSET.

PALMS AND FOLIAGE.

SPECIALTIES.

An immense Stock always on hand of the leading varieties,
in finest possible condition'. ARECAS. CHAM.EROPS. CORY-
PHAS. COCOS. KENTIAS. LATANIAS. SEAFORTHIAS.
PHCENLX. FICUS ELASTIOA. ARALIAS. A very large Stock
of extra-sized plants nf the above varieties, from ft to 13 feet.

WILLIAM ICETOX, 1'uti .v Park Lane, Putney; and 129 &
130, Covent Garden Flower Maiket.

THE

Gardeners' Chronicle

FOR

Next Week, July 27,

WILL CONTAIN A

REPORT ON THE CONDITION

OF THE

FRUIT CROPS

FOR 1880.

THE

(Sardenm' (prmdde.

SATURDAY, JULY 20, 1880.

THE NOMENCLATURE OF

ORCHIDS AND OTHER PLANTS.*
f"PHE now popular Orchids may well serve as
■*■ a convenient illustration by which to
discuss the principles of a general system of
nomenclature for all the plants cultivated in
our gardens, but of course no system of naming
can be adopted and restricted to Orchids alone.
We may on this occasion use what I may
call the Orchid argument, but any right and
proper rules as applied to Orchids will be
equally right and applicable to all other natural
orders or divisions of plants whatever.

1. The first and main point we have to strive
for is " a regular system of nomenclature," so
clear and simple in its principles as to command
the adherence of the great majority of botanists
and horticulturists of all countries.

2. De Candolle expressly states in his second
article that " the rules of nomenclature should
neither be arbitrary nor imposed by authority.
They must be founded on considerations clear
and forcible enough for everyone to compre-
hend, and be disposed to accept."

If De Candolle's view as above is to be here
accepted, it follows that clear and forcible logic
as to right principles or rules of any assembly
must carry more weight than any which may
seem to be imposed by its authority. In other
words, right nomenclature, like all other matters
of importance, simply depends on our avoiding
not only what seems to be wrong, or is generally
acknowledged to be wrong, but what really is
wrong.

3. Thus, it is manifestly wrong to use any
names, new or old, that may create error, am-
biguity, or confusion ; and no established custom,
if illogical or wrong, can ever become a law worth
respecting, although De Candolle maintains the
contrary. (See Art. 4.)

* 1. See Laws of Botanical Nomenclature, by Alphonse de
Candolle, Paris, 1807. English Translation, published by
Reeve 4 Co.. Henrietta Street. W.C., 1868.

2. The Nomenclature of Garden Plants, by Dr. Masters,
Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society, 1878.

3. I>r. Wittmnck's Fsssv in \f moires du CongTis J Horticul-
ture, Paris 1887.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 20, 1889.

The principles and forms of naming should be
as similar as possible, i.e., the same in plan and
application (not only in botany and zoology, as
De Candolle maintains in his Art. 5), but in all
the other sciences. " All scientific names should
be in Latin," says De Candolle, and for cosmo-
politan convenience it is a good rule ; but
some popular or vernacular names are often
most expressive, and in all ways preferable when
most different from the mere translation of the
Latin name. For example, " Daisy " is not a
translation greatly resembling "Bellis," nor is
"Plantain Lily" an imitation in English of the
Latinised-German name Funkia.

When our dealings as botanists are confined to
the wild genera or species so-called, the mode of
procedure is simple enough, since, if after due pre-
caution and careful search they are found to be un-
known (i.e., undescribed and unfigured), they are
figured and described in some fairly accessible publi-
cation, and if they really are new (i.e., previously un-
recorded, or illustrated in a systematic manner), this
first publication ends the matter, or in other words
we all ought to agree to accept the name or names
as thus originally rightly given. Had this rule
been strictly and systematically adhered to, much
trouble would have been saved ; but various causes
have fought against such a consummation. Thus, in
some cases the original figure or description of a
species has been overlooked, and the plant re-named
by a second, or third, or by more authorities, hence
that array of synonyms some of us know too well !
Or, again, other complications have arisen, such as
inexact illustration, be it in word or picture, ending
as before, in other synonyms or surplus names. The
ambiguity of words, illustrations, and specimens
more or less perfect, have accounted for much, but
now and then one botanist has differed from another,
and, imposing his authority, has re-named plants,
both genera and species, which were tolerably well
known before ; and so, again, we have had to harvest
a crop of Tares among the corn— in a word, more
synonyms. Other negligences and ignorances have
been at work, too numerous for me to mention, but
all directly or indirectly the result of our having
meandered on without any well-marked chart or plan
of procedure.

Much of this illogical wandering or aberration
has been due in modern times to the enormous
influence or authority imposed upon us (in direct
opposition to De Candolle 's article 2, observe !) by
now nameless and honourable dead ! This weight
of authority being now removed, however, we should,
as I take it, lose no time in at once deciding on a
clear, right, and straightforward plan of naming all
the new plants henceforth to ba added to our
gardens. Of the past we may say " Kismet," since
accomplished facts (and botanical records) " will na
ding," as Burns has it ; but let us not rest contented
except in the sure and certain hope of a brighter
future ! Now comes the main question of a clear and
generally acceptable plan. What I venture to pro-
pose is as follows; but I, of course, hold myself open
to the fullest and freest alteration or correction in
such an important matter :

1. That a list he drawn up by the Royal Horti-
cultural Society, and published in the Society's
Journal, of the names and addresses of the botanists
and horticulturists who are Fellows of the Society,
and whose special knowledge of plants, such as
Orchids, Ferns, Palms, Conifers, Roses, Lilies, Nar-
cissi, Iris, &c, is known.

2. That specimens of all plants about which there
is or can possibly be any doubt, when brought before
this Society, be submitted to the experts before
mentioned.

3. That the National Herbaria at Kew and the
British Museum be applied to by this Society,- as
the final botanical courts of appeal, and that all
critical and doubtful specimens be deposited therein
for future public reference.

4. By referring doubtful specimens, &c, to

acknowledged experts or authorities in the first
instance, as here suggested, many initial difficulties
will be avoided, as only such specimens and ques-
tions will be submitted to the public herbaria as are
worthy of preservation and elucidation by the officials
of those institutions.

The available material in the way of books, pub-
lished descriptions, and actual preserved specimens,
now exists at Kew, or in the botanical department of
the British Museum.

So far as Orchids are concerned at the present
moment, it is a matter of regret, and in many ways
actually a public loss, that we have two national
herbaria instead of one. We must, however, make
the best of existing circumstances, seeing that, in
case of unforseen accidents, it may yet be well that
all our national eggs are not contained in one basket!

Since the above was penned, I have read Mr.
Dyer's admirable letter in the Gardeners' Chronicle,
July 13, p. 46; and, as above shown, I quite agree in
his main points, viz., that all wild species of Orchids
should be named in Latin by any botanical specialist
who is best competent to deal with these plants, and
that all variations of a species be named by the
raiser or owner in a popular way in good English,
such popular names to receive the sanction of the
Royal Horticultural Society's Floral Committee, or
Orchid Committee, before they he passed on to the
press or published in any way.

As I cannot hope to be present at the meeting of
Orchid growers on Wednesday, July 24, I hope you
will publish my convictions on this question.

We are told that the object of the meeting is " to
consider the best course to pursue under existing
circumstances, with regard especially to Orchid
nomenclature."

Were it possible to me to attend, the following
are the resolutions I should propose, viz. —

1. That this meeting of Orchid growers is of
opinion that all wild genera and species of Orchids
be named in Latin, and that they be figured and
described by botanists in the usual manner.

3. That all variations not attaining to the usually
acknowledged botanical rank of species be treated
as mere specific variations, and that such be named
in English, or in a popular manner.

3. That all bi-generic hybrids be named on a
uniform plan in Latin — viz., by combining the names
of the parent genera in the most simple and eupho-
nious manner.

4. That all specific hybrids, whether natural
hjbrids, presumed to be such on good grounds, or
well-known garden hybrids, be also named on a
uniform plan in English (preceded by a sign of a x),
in the most simple and euphonious way.

5. That all mere cross-bred variations (= variety-
hybrids of Sachs) and seedlings, varying as they do
but slightly from their parents, be named in a
popular manner — i.e., in English (preceded by two
crosses, XX), and not in Latin, as has heretofore
too often been the rule.

6. That all names of all new plants shown before
the Royal Horticultural Society be established or
rejected at their discretion, -and that no certificate or
other award be granted to any plant not correctly
named in accordance with the wishes of the Society's
Floral or Orchid Committees.

There is one final point to which I should like to
allude, and that is the great waste of energy which
has and still results from our having had no definite
central plan of registering our plant names. The
most simple A.B.C. list of the plants as exhibited
before the Royal Horticultural Society from its
foundation until to-day would be invaluable, and I
propose that henceforth such a list should be com-
piled on the same plan as that now generally adopted
in cataloging the books added to our great libraries.

Another waste of brain force is less amenable to
correction, viz., the continual re-figuring and re-
describing of plants already well and definitely known,
such as is continually going on in our periodical
literature. Of course, private enterprise and com-
petition cannot be interfered with, so that at present
there seems no help for this superfluous overflow, as

we may call it of figures and descriptions of precisely
the same species and varieties.

I would finally like to suggest the more systematic
use of the photographic lens in securing light and
shade records of all the species and varieties of special
interest, as brought before the Royal Horticultural
Society, and more especially of all those to which
any awards are made. Such records are quickly and
readily obtained, and are also easily reprinted or
multiplied ; and if this method of obtaining records
were systematically employed, I believe the sale of
copies would fully recoup the Society for any pre-
liminary outlay, even if ultimately absolute profits
did not ensue. F. JC. Burbidge, M.A.

THE OHISWICK ROSE SHOW
AND CONFERENCE.

" Rosa " desires to thank you for your notice
of the gratifying facts and yet greater possibilities
of this epoch-marking event among Roses and
rosarians. Those who went to see a first-class Rose
show of the ordinary sort were necessarily disap-
pointed. That was neither the desire of its promoters
nor of those most anxious for a new start, and wider
and further development of Rose beauty and culture.
Even the big collections of all sorts, species, and
conditions of Roses invited, and produced so liberally
by so many of our larger growers, sufficed to break
up the usual monotony of Rose shows, and produce
something much more stimulating and profitable in
their stead.

In addition to the stirring, almost startling,
information conveyed in the papers and discussions
brought before the Conference, which it is hoped
may speedily be placed in the hands and heads of
rosarians, this great muster of Roses new and old,
common and rare, will mark a new departure in
Rose growing and showing. Already it has had a
twofold influence, which may be most briefly defined
as the retention of old Roses, and the craving for
new types, and it may be difficult to estimate on
the spur of the moment whether the hieing back
to the old loves or the evolution of new types or
forms will prove the most potential factor in the
march of improvement.

The retention of the old Roses is at least the work
that lies nearest to our hands, and almost every Rose
grower can practically, aud, therefore, powerfully
assist in this work by carefully preserving any unique
species or varieties that they have in possession, or
may have seen in the gardens of their relatives or
acquaintances, and bringing these to the notice of
the Editor, or Mr. Baker, or other botanist well-up
in Rose lore. For while it may not be too literally
true that " full many a Rose is born to blush unseen,
and waste its sweetness on the desert air," it is literally
true that not a few of our older favourites, such as
the Velvet Damask, York and Lancaster, Maiden's
Blush, the old Cabbage, common Moss, and even the
more modern, if not more beautiful, Coupe d'Hebe,
are either hidden away in unknown places, or lan-
guishing out their sweet lives in a hopeless struggle
for existence against avaricious Laurels, Hollies, or
Yews. The old rule, the ancient plan of fringing
the fronts of overfed shrubberies with the vivid
colouring of old-fashioned Roses, is responsible for
the death of thousands ot the latter ; and I would
entreat all who are returning to their old loves to
provide them with beds, borders, or groups, all to
themselves, and then furnish them with a fair field
and as much and many favours in the form of good
soil and rich food as their fragrance and beauty
claim for them.

True, the old-fashioned Roses are hardy, and can
endure hardness better than their modern relatives.
But to have and keep them at their best, through
a quarter of a century — the writer has a common
Rose, at least forty years old, still yielding its
annual seasons of beauty without fail — they should
fare well, and have at least a small piece of
ground and of the.blue heavens all to themselves.
With our improved knowledge and modes of culture,

July 20, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

not a few of our old Roses will probably exceed
all their past records of strength, persistent fra-
grance, and beauty, and become at once more
potent in the development and improvement of
our coming Roses. It is pleasing to find, from the
papers read at the Conference, as well as from
editorial notes, of the actual results now being
accomplished by hybridists, that neither the Dog
Rose, in its many varieties, the Indian or China
Rose, nor the Sweet Brier, now such well-known
species, and others newer and rarer, are likely to be
lefD out. In connection with the evolution of new
and different Roses in the future, as well as for their
beauty as climbers, and in rough tangled masses in
shrubberies and borders, or as drapery for rocks
and trees, there will probably be a great future for
single and semi-double Roses. These, like single
Dahlias, seem about to have their revenge for
years of neglect. Who shall say what colour, con-
stitution, foliage, form, and fragrance may not have
been lost to cultivation through the ruthless sup-
pression of the single or semi-double forms. As to
foliage alone, a great deal may be done in the way of
adding colour or variegation to it by way of variety.
Few greens can match, perhaps none exceed, the
many hued verdure of the Rose, while the normal
form of leafage is also exquisite. But variety of
colouring, from scarlet to gold, and from deepest
green to white variegation, would but enhance, by
their contrast, the normal green of Rose foliage ;
while, if Lord Penzance succeeds in making Rose
leaves fragrant as the Sweet Brier, the gain will be
immense. As one means to this, and it would be
well to restore an almost lost, and get one of the
sweetest relics of the past, viz., Sweet Brier hedges
around Rose gardens or groups. These are extremely
pleasant in their perfume, beautiful in the numbers
of their bright blossoms, while their close proximity
to the Roses could hardly fail in ensuring that
chance intercrossing of species and varieties through
the sure and certain help of the busy bees that might
prove more fruitful in the production of new varieties
than the efforts of amateurs, or even more skilled
professionals. Be that as it might, there is no Rose
bed garden or border that would not become the more
pleasant and attractive through the close proximity
of Sweet Brier, or of Roses that had borrowed its
unique fragrance. Rosa.

New or Noteworthy Plants.

TWO NEW AROIDS.

Specimens of the two Aroids described below have
recently been sent to Kew by Mr. W. Bull, of
Chelsea. The Anubias is perhaps the more interest-
ing of the two, since it is the first species of the
genus recorded as being in cultivation. Its flowers
are by no means showy, although the fruit is pro-
bably ornamental ; but the variegation of the leaves
ought to make it a useful plant for decorative
purposes.

Anubias heterophylla, Engler*

Petioles 0> — 9 inches long, terete, glabrous, sheath-
ing to about one-third the way up. Lamina
6 — 8 inches long, 2}— 3f inches broad, oblong,
lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, cuneately rounded or
slightly cordate at the base, acuminate at the apex,
glabrous on both sides, except a microscopic puberu-
lence on the midrib beneath ; upper surface bright
green, irregularly blotched with yellowish-green,
under-surface pale green ; midrib flat above, very
prominent and rounded beneath ; lateral nerves
numerous, parallel, spreading and ascending, nearly
straight in their lower part, curved near the margin,
and united into an intramarginal nerve very close to
the edge. Peduncles 4 — 5 inches long, terete, green,
tinted with reddish-brown. Spathe 1— IJ inch long,
ovoid or ellipsoidal in form, obtuse, with a very short
apiculus, glabrous, pale dull green. Spadix a little

» Anubias heterophylla, Eugler, in De Candolle Alone-graphite
Pknnerogamarum, p. 435 (1879).

shorter than the spathe, 10—13 lines long, shortly
stipitate ; the female part half as long as the male
part, ovaries numerous, globose, with a short, stout
style, and a simple flat stigma, two to three celled,
with numerous anatropous ovules in each cell on a
somewhat thickened axile placenta; male flowers
composed of four to six anthers united in a column,
anthers two-celled, opening by longitudinal slits.

Introduced by Mr. W. Bull from Borna, Congo,
West Tropical Africa.

Anthurium cymbiforme, N. E. Br., n. sp.

Petioles rather slender, 12—16 inches long, J inch
thick, terete, neither channelled nor flattened down
the face, geniculus about 1 inch long. Lamina,
8 — 10 inches long, 5 — 6 inches broad, cordate-ovate,
shortly acuminate, the basal sinus 1£ — 2 inches deep,
very open, triangular, acute or obtuse, the basal
lobes not overlapping, broadly and obtusely rounded
at their tips. Midrib prominent on both sides,
rounded above, acute beneath, with 3 — 5 rather
slender primary nerves on each side ; basal nerves
4 — 5 on each side, all quite free from each other, all
prominent^beneath, but only the two inner ones on
each side prominent above in their basal part ; the
innermost nerve on each side ascending, and slightly
and gradually curved, forming an intramarginal
nerve about £ inch from the margin, all the others
widely spreading, strongly curved as they approach
the margin, and all excurrent at the margin between
the base and middle of the leaf; upper surface
bright light green, under-surface pale green. Pe-
duncle 12 — 15 inches long, terete, bright green.
Spathe 4 — 4J- inches long, 2 inches broad, ovate-
oblong, acuminate, slightly cordate at the base,
erect, concave, something like a broad and shallow
boat ; white, tinged with green, and very shining
outside, ivory-white inside, not shining. Spadix a
little more than half the length of the spathe cylin-
dric, obtuse, salmon-pink, on a green stipes about
\ inch in length. Flowers 1-10 inch in diameter.

This species belongs to the same group as A.
ornatum, A. Lindenianum, See., and on account of
the ornamental character of its white spathes,
relieved by the salmon-pink spadices, is well worth
growing. It is probably a native of some part of
Columbia or neighbouring regions, but Mr. Bull
informs me that he has no record of the locality
whence it was introduced. N. E. Brown, Herbarium,
Kew.

Odontoglossum Hunnewellianum, n. sp.

This is a new and very elegant species of Odonto-
glossum, discovered by Mr. Oscar Bobisch, near
Bogota, New Granada, and imported by Messrs. F.
Sander & Co., of St. Albans. It is none of those
troublesome natural hybrids, but a good species, of
which a large number of plants were sent ; but it is
said to travel badly, so that the stock has been some-
what reduced in bulk. Its affinities are perhaps not
quite clear. If you look at the lip, you immediately
think of 0. luteo-purpureum, for the shape is very
similar ; while the column-wings are much like those
of 0. Pescatorei. Mr. Sander compares it with 0.
Schillerianum, which it certainly resembles, though
the lip and column-wings are rather different. The
first flowers are not quite 2 inches in diameter,
but will improve, as they are not equal in size to a
wild one sent for comparison. The pseudobulbs are
sub-compressed, 2 inches long, by 1J inch broad ; the
leaves about f inch broad, and, at present, G to 8
inches long, though of course not .fully developed.
As to the raceme I can say nothing, having only seen
detached flowers. The sepals are broadly lanceolate,
acute, bright yellow, with numerous small dark brown
spots ; the petals similar, but a little paler towards
base. The lip is obovate-elliptical, cream-white, with
light cinnamon spots, margin crenulate, undulate,
reflexed near base, but a little incurved above ; crest
consisting of a pair of diverging plates, with serrate
margin, and toothed apex, and between them a
smaller tooth. Column-wings broad, truncate,
slightly crenulate, white, with few light cinnamon
spots. It is named, at Mr. Sander's request, after

H. H. Hunnewell, Esq., of Wellesley, Mass., U.S.A.,
an ardent lover of Orchids, and one of the foremost
of American horticulturists at the present day. jf?.
A. Itolfe.

LIQUID MANURE FOR THE
GARDEN.

In continuation of some former remarks on this
subject (p. 7), we next have to consider the character
of soils benefited by liquid manure, and the reasons
of success.

Experience has shown that liquid manure pro-
duces the most beneficial and striking effects when
applied to light, deep, and sandy soils, resting upon
a porous subsoil. However poor originally such a
soil may be, after repeated applications of liquid
manure it is eventually rendered capable of yielding
remunerative crops. If the benefits of liquid manure
were fully recognised, and the quick growth, early
maturity, and superior quality of vegetables and
fruit, cultivated by its aid, once established, there
should be no difficulty in the disposal of a portion of
arable farms for this purpose, and probably in these
times of agricultural depression no more satisfactory
course could be adopted.

The florist and fruit-grower should also seek aid
from liquid manure ; Roses, Chrysanthemums, and
many other plants, well repay an occasional appli-
cation, and in their greater luxuriance and more
abundant bloom, show the beneficial effects. Tomatos,
Cucumbers, Strawberries, Raspberries, Gooseberries,
Currants, and similar plants, which delight in an
ammoniacal dressing, would certainly reward the
horticulturist's efforts in this direction, and if used
in conjunction with mulching, the benefit would be
enhanced.

For poor sandy soils the system of liquid manur-
ing cannot be too highly recommended. Such soils
are improved by almost any kind of manure, for as
they are greatly deficient in plant-food, manures
that contain even small quantities of phosphoric
acid, potash, and nitrogen, must produce a beneficial
effect.

The poorer the soil the more striking will be the
effect which the manure produces, and the more
dilute may be the manure before it ceases to yield
any visible result. A liquid which is very poor in
fertilising constituents, when applied to laud which
contains already potash, lime, phosphoric acid, and
other mineral substances required by plants, though
possibly even in deficient amount, may not make any
perceptible impression, simply because it does not
materially increase the store of the available plant-
food in the soil ; whilst the same liquid, when put
upon land which contains no phosphoric acid what-
ever, and a much smaller proportion of lime, potash,
and nitrogen than is contained in the liquid-manure,
will produce a striking effect, by virtue of the in-
creased supply of these ingredients.

The natural resources of mineral plant-food vary
considerably in quantity and quality in different
soils. In most soils, under ordinary cultivation,
the more common fertilising materials, such as
lime, magnesia, silica, phosphoric acid, and even
potash, are found in such abundance, that we need
not care to replace them in the measure in which
they are carried off the land in the different crops
removed.

There are a few classes of soils upon which we
can continue to grow paying crops without restoring,
in the shape of manure, the more valuable mineral
ingredients, but where it is yet absolutely neces-
sary to replace the nitrogenous food of plants.

In the application of liquid manure, it is usually
better to dilute it greatly, if we wish to put it on
poor soils or apply it to plants growing in pots.
Diluted with much water, the manure penetrates a
larger mass of soil, and so distributes more deeply
and uniformly the fertilising matters, which is a
great advantage in the restricted area of pot culture
and in saudy loose soils, since sucli materials allow
the roots of plants to penetrate thoroughly in search
of food. In other words, sandy soils are excellent

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 20, 1889.

vehicles for holding a diluted liquid manure in which
the different plant-foods occur in an immediately
available condition.

Character of Soils not Benefited by Liquid
Manure, and Causes of Failure.

We now have to consider soils of a totally different
nature from those of a sandy and loose texture.

Soils containing a large proportion of clay, espe-
cially if this is inclined to be stiff, are certainly
opposed in their chemical and physical characters to
those which are porous and sandy. Generally speak-
ing, retentive and stiff soils contain not only the
more common mineral ingredients which we find in
the ashes of plants, such as lime, magnesia, soluble
silica, sulphuric acid, &c, in sufficient abundance;
but also the more valuable mineral substances,
among which we may place potash and phosphoric
acid. Such soils also possess, under good cultiva-
tion the vegetable remains left in the ground in the
shape of roots and leaves from former crops, which
yield abundance of organic plant-food for subsequent
use.

It is true that stiff soils are not always so productive
as they should be, but as a rule they contain within
themselves all the elements of fertility, and it is only
for want of proper mechanical cultivation that their
crop-yielding powers are not more fully developed.

It may possibly be asked, if clay soils abound in
available fertilising substances, how is it that upon
them ordinary farm-yard manure is employed with
advantage ? To this question it may be replied —
farm-yard manure in the first place is a more perfect
manure than liquid manure, inasmuch as it contains
a considerable proportion of soluble and insoluble
phosphates, which are very deficient in liquid manure ;
in addition, its very bulkiness performs important
mechanical functions in the soil that cannot be
realised by the use of a liquid element. In the
second place, we may observe that the retentive
physical characters of clay soils preclude the young
plants from availing themselves of the total amount
of fertilising matters dispersed through the whole
mass of the soil.

In fact, plants growing on stiff and tenacious soils
feed only upon a very small proportion of the bulk of
sail ; whilst those grown on a porous sandy soil
penetrate by their roots to a greater depth, and in
every possible direction, and so avail themselves of
the manuring constituents uniformly distributed
amongst a large bulk of soil by the agency of such
materials as liquid manure. On the other hand,
decided benefits result on clay soils from a liberal
dressing of long stable dung, because only a small
proportion of the soil is actually manured ; and
because, by the very bulk of the manure, the physical
and chemical properties of the land are so altered
that in reality the growing plants feed upon a new
and artificially-formed soil.

We have further to remember that all clayey and
tenacious soils are generally more than sufficiently
wet during the early part of the year ; the additional
quantity of water supplied in liquid manure, there-
fore, only renders them wetter still; and so much
heat is absorbed during its evaporation, that the
injury done to the land by the resulting cold would
scarcely be counterbalanced by the small proportion
of fertilising matters supplied by this system.
Again, soils that are inclined to be stiff are only
rendered more close and difficult to work, by a heavy
dose of liquid manure.

It has been observed in the experience of those
who profess to have used liquid manure with some
degree of profit on clay soils, that the operation
must always be preceded by thorough draining, sub-
soil ploughing, or digging ; deep cultivation, clay
burning, and liming, each of which processes is well
known to effect radical changes in the constitution
and texture of heavy soils.

"Necessity for a Manure-tank."
In conclusion, we may remark, that money and
labour expended in the construction of a liquid-
manure-tank are well spent, and will yield more

than a commensurate return ; and a gardener who
buys costly artificial manures, or the so-called special
manures, but does not look carefully after the
liquid manure of the establishment, nor study the
best mode of its application, is not acting with
economy, for he buys the same chemical ingredients at
great cost which he might have for the mere trouble of
collection ; and as he must of necessity give water
to his plants during the hot summer months, he may
as well feed them by one and the same operation.
John J. Willis, Harpcnden.

HOLLYHOCKS.

The accompanying illustration (fig. 12, p. 09) of
Hollyhocks at Heckfield was engraved from a photo-
graph by Mr. Mason-Good, of Winchfield. The artist
designated it " A Study of Hollyhocks." Though the
picture consists of one plant only, Mr. Wildsmith, in
reply to our request for particulars, says, that " Last
year it formed one of a row of Hollyhocks standing
at a distance of 12 feet apart at the back of border
of herbaceous plants, and near to other tall-growing
plants, such as Bocconia cordata, perennial Sun-
flowers, Actea spicata, and Michaelmas Daisies. No
plants could possibly have done better, the spikes
on some of the plants being more than 11 feet high,
and beautifully flowered. Each plant was allowed to
carry two spikes only, the smaller spikes seen in the
picture being in reality a branch from the shorter
spike. For reasons that will presently appear, the
station of each plant had special preparation, the
old soil being removed to a depth of 2 feet, and
replaced with good loam of medium texture, 1 bushel
of well-rotted cow manure being mixed with 5 bushels
of the loam. The plants were well-planted and
made firm, and a mulching of manure was immedi-
ately put on the ground over the roots. The reward
for this amount of trouble was the pleasure of
witnessing the daily progress of the plants — not a
speck of fungus, and such foliage and flowers as could
not be without some such treatment. Bv reason of
my previous failures through the Hollyhock fungus,
I had for years discontinued to grow them, and
this year reckons as the third of their revived culti-
vation in these gardens, and with, as yet, no
re-appearance of the dreaded enemy — a fact which I
think I am right in attributing to more liberal
supplies of loam and manure than heretofore. Plants
are, like ourselves, more liable to attacks of disease
when constitutional vigour is low than when in
robust health."

Roses.

THE PROTECTION OF ROSES IN WINTER.

The problem as to how best to protect tea-scented
and other tender-wooded Roses in cold climates is
by no means an easy one to solve. Were there a
natural "line of safety" to be found at a short dis-
tance above the ground, one source of danger might
easily be avoided by mounting our Roses on stan-
dards of the required height; but unfortunately no
such " line of safety " exists. It is certainly true
that on clear calm nights, when the keenest frosts
invariably occur, the air is coldest and dampest at
the ground-level, and gradually gets less cold and
humid the farther it is removed from the grjund —
at all events, up to a considerable height. The
differences in tempeiature and humidity, however,
between the air on or near the surface of the ground
and that at a few feet above it. are usually but
slight, and would by no means sufficiently account
for standard Teas escaping with but slight injuries
when the dwarfs were seriously damaged. More-
over, in the case of Roses and other plants, their
leaves and shoots become chilled by nocturnal radia-
tion very nearly, if not quite, to the same extent at
both levels ; and it is through this direct loss of heat
by radiation that during a killing frost the most
serious injuries are undoubtedly inflicted.

Standard Teas, as a rule, suffer considerably more
than those on dwarf stocks, as they are not only
exposed to the radiation frosts above referred to, but
also to a much greater extent thau the latter to cold
winds ; indeed, it often happens that Tea Roses pass
unhurt through moderately mild winters, only to be
crippled by the cruel blasts of the following spring.
In fact, the shoots of Roses generally, including
many of the Tea-scented varieties, will stand a .con-
siderable amount of ill-usage, both from calm frosts
and keen winds, provided the plants are at the time
at rest. But when in an excitable and growing con-
dition, they are naturally very much more tender.
For this reason standards are not to be recommended
for cold districts. Besides which, during very severe
winters, all but the hardier Teas growing on stan-
dards are killed outright, whereas dwarf Teas under
the same conditions are only cut to the ground, and
in most cases ultimately recover from the rough
usage they have received.

Nevertheless, there occasionally occur remarkable
exceptions to this rule, for which it is not altogether
easy to account. For instance, Mr. Benjamin R.
Cant, the well-known Rose grower, wrote me, in
March last, that the standards in his nurseries at
Colchester, which were altogether unprotected, had
gone through the winter better than the dwarfs,
although the latter were covered with Pea-straw.
Mr. Cant thought that this might be due to the soil
having remained unusually wet throughout the
whole of last winter, and no doubt under such condi-
tions the lower growing plants would Sutter rather
the most. But, besides being extremely wet, the
early part of the winter proved also singularly mild
and open ; so that later on, when sharp frosts sud-
denly occurred, the unprotected standards, whose
growth by exposure had been in some measure
arrested, and the wood of which had become fairly
ripened, were better able to withstand them than the
dwarfs under the Pea-straw, which could previously
have received scarcely any check whatever. This is
confirmed by what took place in my garden here at
Berkhamsted, where all the transplanted Teas — and
I had occasion to remove a great many in November
— stood the winter far better than established plants
of the same varieties. In every instance the differ-
ence was most striking.

Hence arises the difficulty in protecting delicate
Roses. In extreme weather the protection cannot
well be too complete, while, on the other hand, in
quite mild winters it cannot well be too slight. Un-
fortunately, it does not do to wait until a severe frost
sets in, for when once the shoots get frozen it would
be very unwise to meddle with them. Whatever
protection is given must, therefore, be applied at the
beginning of the winter. The plants have on the
one hand to be shielded against injury from calm
frosts, biting winds, and heavy falls of snow, and yet
at the same time they must not be coddled too much,
or the remedy will in ordinary seasons prove worse
than the disease ; nevertheless, it is desirable to
retain uninjured as much of the previous year's
growth as possible.

The compromise I recommend and practice is as
follows : — In the first place, whatever may become
of the upper shoots, the lower ones must be com-
pletely guarded ; for should the winter turn out a
very cold one, the plants, if not killed entirely, will
at all events take the best part of the following
summer to recover themselves. To do this they
should — as the Rev. A. Foster-Melliar recently ad-
vised at the Rose Conference — be earthed up like
Potatos. It is surprising what a splendid non-
conductor, and consequently protection against cold,
earth is, and more particularly dry earth. When
frozen it is still more effectual. Luring a prolonged
frost I find that my thermometer at 1 foot deep in
the ground scarcely changes at all, night or day,
from week's end to week's end. To protect the
upper part of the plants, the shoots should be drawn
together and secured to a firm central stake, and
lightly thatched with sprigs of Gorse, which has
proved with me very much drier, neater, and more
durable than Bracken. The heads of the standards

July 20, 1889.]

TEE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE.

may be protected in the same way, only using longer
stakes. When the worst of the winter is over, I
remove the Gorse on the south-west side of the
plants, so as to admit light and air, and gradually
prepare the shoots for being completely exposed.

and is met with only occasionally; yet I will venture
to say that there is no more interesting climbing
Rose grown. It has the distinct characteristics of a
long tapering bud and a peculiar colour, which are
points sure to arrest attention ; and, apart from these,

FlIJ. 12.— A STUDY OF HOLLYHOCKS. (SEE P. 68.)

Delicate Tea and Noisette Roses on walls, such as
Mar&hal Niel, should be earthed up at the base, and
■covered over with tine cotton netting. Edward
Mawlcy.

Fortune's Yellow Rose.
For some reason difficult to explain, this Rose has
cot risen high in the estimation of the gardeners,

it is a free grower in sheltered situations out-of-
doors, and flowers well. There is, therefore, no
reason why it should not be more generally grown.
It has one or two drawbacks, certainly ; its flowers
are not very full, and its season of flowering is not
so long as that of some others, but its free growth
and floriferous character in my estimation make

up for these defects. The plant is easily forced into
flower at an early date, and is equally suited for
unheated houses as for those that are heated. In
February last I bad a plant of this Rose in flower
in a house where the day temperature for
the previous two months did not exceed 5o°,
and at night was frequently as low as 40°.
For many years a plant of this Rose was trained to a
pillar in a large unheated house, and here it was
always the first in flower out of a number of good
sorts, and was one that was always in demand by
the florist, for with every order for Roses, came the
request to send more flowers of Fortune's Rose. I
ought, perhaps, to say that as a bouquet flower it is only
of value in the bud state. This Rose will do well in
the open if placed against a south wall and sheltered
from cold winds — the soil should not be too clayey ;
according to my experience it will grow freely on
the Seedling Briar, as upon its own roots. With
regard to own root plants, I have found that half-
ripened shoots will strike as freely in the autumn as
a Pelargonium. Some persons fail to flower the species
satisfactorily because they prune it at the wrong time
of year. It should be pruned as soon as it goes out
of flower, when all the shoots which have flowered
should be]cut back close to the stems, and all the best
growths made during the summer preserved, especi-
ally the thick long shoots, as these produce a flower
at every bud the following season. J. C. O.

Orchid Notes and Gleanings.

BIFRENARIA ATROPURPUREA, Lindl.
A plant of this interesting and pretty rarity is
flourishing in the collection of the Glasnevin Botanic
Garden, as I know by a raceme received from Mr.
F. W. Moore. I bad not seen it alive before, and
was especially pleased to make its acquaintance in
this state, for it is one of those species which are
extremely difficult to dry well, all colour vanishing
in the process. The flowers are of a dark purple
hue, with brighter coloured lip, and are very fragrant.
The species is a native of Brazil, and was received
by Messrs. Loddiges, of Hackney, in 1828, having
been obtained at some distance from Rio de Janeiro.
It flowered in July and August, 1832, remaining long
in perfection. It was originally described and capi-
tally figured as Maxillaria atropurpurea, Lodd.,
Botanical Cabinet, t. 1877, and was transferred to
Bifrenaria, by Lindley (Bot. Bc<j. xxix., 1843, Misc.,
p. 52). Its nearest ally is probably B. inodora,
Lindl. (which, in spite of its name, is often rather
fragrant), but the two are quite distinct in character,
as well as very different in colour. B. A. Bolfe. ■

Odontoulossum Oerstedii majus.
This plant is one of the easiest to cultivate, and as
it may be grown in shallow pans, and placed on a
shelf or suspended from the roof near to the glass,
a goodly number may be accommodated in but little
space. It was discovered by Warscewicz, about forty
vears ago, on the mountains of Costa Rica, at some
7000 to 9000 feet elevation, but it was not until some
sixteen years ago that it came to this country in a
living state. From the altitude at which it grow^,
it mav readily be imagined that it requires coo!
treatment, and we find that it succeeds best when
grown in shallow pans of a small size, suspended
from the roof, or stood upon a shelf near the glass
in a position to obtain the full light, but shaded
from the hottest sunshine. The drainage must be
kept in thorough order, and the potting material
which suits the plants is fibrous peat and living
sphagnum moss; this material should be used
sparingly, for these small-growing kinds in particular
require but little material about their roots, and this
should be kept in a sweet and fresh condition. The
best time to repot this species is just after the
flowers have faded, and before new growth appears,
and this operation must be carried out in a careful
manner, in order to preserve the living roots. This
is of more consequence than some growers appear to

THE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

[July 20, 1889.

consider, and we have recently noted in a col-
lection of Masdevallias of the Chinnera section
the dire consequences of a mutilation of roots in
re-potting. Should the plants after blooming not
require larger pans, they will be much benefited by
a renewal of soil, so that the older soil must be care-
fully removed and replaced by new, and care should
be taken, both in re-potting and renewing the soil, to
keep the plant elevated upon a cone-like mound
above the rim of the pot or pan. In its native
country it is said to select low-growing trees, in
the moss-covered branches of which the plants
nestle, that dense fogs daily envelop them, and that
the temperature, at all seasons low, falls very low
during the night ; so that in this country during
the growing season the plant enjoys an abundant
supply of water, and during the winter season it
must never be allowed to get dry, or bulbs will
shrivel, and the plant will suffer in health in conse-
quence. The winter supply of water must be much
reduced, but the plants must be kept in a genial
moist condition.

Insects are very injurious to these small-growing
kinds in particular, and, therefore, it behoves the
grower to carefully eradicate them by washing with
sponge and water. " Orchid A/bum," April.

Catti.eya ixtricata X, Bclib. f.

A slight correction should be made in my note
on this plant, at p. 38. Mr. Little now tells me
that there were two plants, both of which, however,
are in his collection, having been obtained from
Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., when originally described.
Mr. Little also points out that the difference of
colour pointed out may have arisen from cultivation,
as he has observed in other cases. R. A. Bolfe.

Eriopsis kftidobulbon"

is a splendid species, with dark evergreen foliage.
The pseudobulbs are much wrinkled, or rugose, whilst
in colour they are of a dull purplish-black ; tbey bear
on the summit a pair of broadly lanceolate strongly
ribbed leaves, and the spike issues from near the base
of the growth. It attains a length of about IS inches,
and bears a long drooping raceme of handsome
flowers, which are quite distinct in the arrangement
of colours from most other members of the Orchid
family. The sepals and petals are dull orange-
yellow, margined with reddish-purple ; lip white in
front, the base being dull orange, dotted with purple.
The inflorescence appears in the autumn months, and
the flowers continue in beauty for a very long time.
This plant requires to be thoroughly established
before it can be induced to flower, but when it
becomes vigorous it blooms annually. This species
thrives best when treated to basket or pot culture,
and the plant should be re-potted just as the young
growths begin to appear ; care, however, must be
shown in performing this operation, for the plant
suffers greatly if its roots are injured to any extent.
Should the plants not require re-potting, they will
■be much improved by having the old soil removed,
and replaced by fresh and sweet material, and the
best we have found for this plant is good peat fibre,
from which all the fine soil has either been beaten or
shaken. This must be used hi such a condition that
it may be readily broken up, and care must be taken
not to use it when wet. Our usual practice in pre-
paring composts for Orchid potting is to pull the
turfs to pieces, and shake away the fine portion of
the soil, then place it in a warm position in the
potting-shed, or similar place ; this should be done
some time before the compost is required, and thus
some material is always ready for use and in proper
order. The drainage for this plant must be main-
tained in a perfectly free and open condition, and
the plant should be hung near the roof-glass
to ensure a good amount of the sun's influence ;
but avoid too close contact with the roof-glass
in the winter months, as the cold penetrates to
the plants very quickly, and moreover causes the
temperature to fall too rapidly. As might have
.been inferred by the elevation at which it grows in
a. wild state, we find the temperature of the cool end

of the Cattleya-house to suit it admirably. " On-hid
Album," May.

Calanthe biloba.

We learn from Mr. Dyer that it (Calanthe
biloba), thrives well under the same treatment as C.
veratrifolia. For plants of this section we prefer the
side tables, in order to give them the full benefit of
the light, but they require shading from the hottest
sun. It will require a liberal supply of water during
the flowering and growing season, and even when at
rest, in the dull and gloomy days of winter, the root
must not be allowed to suffer for want of a fair share
of that element, but the soil should always be kept
in a friable, moist condition. Neglect of this advice
will cause the leaves to shrivel and become disfigured,
and the flower-spikes will be less and inferior in
quality. This requires attention, as we frequently
observe that many Orchids deteriorate in beauty
through not receiving proper care.

All the plants of this section of Calanthe thrive
best under pot culture, and the pots require to be
well and thoroughly drained ; but avoid over-potting,
which is the great besetting sin of unskilful growers.
For soil we prefer a little fibrous peat, some turfy
light loam, leaf-mould, and some sharp sand ; this
should be thoroughly incorporated, and in potting,
some small nodules of charcoal introduced, will
piove highly advantageous. The best season for
re-potting Calanthes is just as they start into fresh
growth, which is usually soon after the flowering
season. As this operation requires care in its mani-
pulation, whatever old or sour soil may be about
them should be removed, and, if it appears bad,
shake it all away, carefully washing the roots in
clean water, in order that they may be saved from
injury. When re-potting is necessary, the plant will
require to be put into as small a pot as its roots will
allow without breaking them, and the plant must be
kept in a shady position, and water given some-
what sparingly until root action commences, and
when it has again become established, transfer it to
a larger pot if necessary, and treat it as previously
recommended ; but, under any circumstances, we
prefer to keep these evergreen species of Calanthes
somewhat more shaded than usual for a short time
after re-potting. " Orchid Album," May.

Cl'PHIPEDIUM CENANTHUM

is a charming variety, with evergreen foliage, which
is nearly G inches long, leathery in texture, and of a
dark green hue, faintly tesselated with lighter green.
The scape is terminal, and rises from between the
leaves, and hears a single flower of medium size ;
the dorsal sepal is white, green at the base, with
violet nerves, marked, as in C. insigne Maulei, with
rows of purple blotches towards the base ; lip port-
wine colour. The blossoms are freely produced
when the growth is nearly mature, so that its time
of flowering is varied, according to the time of year
the plant makes its growth, and these blooms con-
tinue in full beauty for six weeks, or even more, and
this, too, without any injury to the health of the
plant.

We have, upon previous occasions, given instruc-
tions in the pages of the Album as to the cultivation
of this section of the Cypripediums — that is to say,
that we find the best mixture for them is good
fibrous peat, from which all the fine part has been
shaken, some leaf-mould and fresh living sphagnum
moss, the whole to be chopped well together, and
thoroughly incorporated. The pots should be filled
three-parts full of drainage material, and covered
with some rough peat-fibre or living sphagnum moss ;
this will prevent the soil from running between the
potsherds, and choking the free escape of the
water ; and the plant should sit upon an elevated
mound of soil, raised some 2 inches or more
above the rim of the pot. When newly potted,
water should be given somewhat sparingly at first,
increasing the supply as the new roots occupy the
soil, anil when the plants get fairly established a
liberal supply is necessary, as this variety is both
free in growth as well as in root development. We

find the temperature of the East India-house suits
this variety remarkably well, but find that it loves a
shady situation, but yet it requires as much light as
possible during the whole year ; it should, therefore,
be placed on the side table near the glass. This treat-
ment produces strong and vigorous growth ; indeed,
success in the cultivation of this genus depends upon
the amount of light given.

The hybrid Cypripediums appear to be of free
vigorous constitution, and if kept free from the attacks
of insects, increase in size rapidly, and they may be
freely increased by division ; this operation should,
however, be undertaken when the growths are mature,
and the shoots should all be taken off with roots.
" Orchid Album," May.

Cypripedium Stonei var. acrosepalum.

About a year ago this was exhibited at a meeting
of the Royal Horticultural Society by Messrs. Seeger
X Tropp, of East Dulwich, and as the specimen was
afterwards sent to Kew, I noted it in these columns,
August 11, 1888, p. 162. Its peculiarity seemed to
lie chiefly in the lateral sepals, which were quite
free, as in the North American Cypripedium aneti-
num. Commenting on this, I remarked: — "I do
not think the character likely to be permanent . . .
for in an expanding bud, just above the flower, the
lateral sepals were in the normal connate condition.
. . . Cultivation alone can test the permanence or
otherwise of these characters."

Messrs. Seeger & Tropp now send another flower,
remarking, " You will notice both sepals are very
much prolonged, as they were last year, but the
lateral sepal is not this year divided, as previously."
Such is the case. In the normal condition of the
species both sepals are broadly ovate, but in the
flower now sent the upper septl is 3 inches long,
and only i inch broad, while the lower one is
2J inches long and 1 inch broad. Last year I
thought this character was in some way correlated
with the dialysis of the lateral sepals, but now it is
evident that it is independent of that peculiarity,
though probably both are due to the same cause. It
is evidently an abnormal condition of the species,
like the variety C. platytsenium, and may prove to be
equally permanent. Of this latter there is a flower
in the Kew Herbarium, in which one petal has
reverted to the normal condition of the species,
while the other is precisely that of this peculiar
variety. B. A. Bo/fc.

ANNUALS AT CHISWICK.

TnE usefulness of this showy class of plants is just
now admirably illustrated at the old gardens, where
a somewhat extensive collection, from seed prin-
cipally supplied by Messrs. Barr & Son, has been
planted, serving to remind us what freshness, beauty,
variety, and richness of colour may be introduced in
the flower garden by the liberal and judicious
employment of such subjects, and the important part
they may be made to play in floral embellishment
outdoors.

This particular trial may also serve to remove
some misconceptions which exist in the popular
mind as to the duration of these plants. By many
they are regarded as short-lived and weedy, and
their cheapness and the small amount of skill requisite
to their successful culture tend, it may be, to their
detriment in public estimation. To refer briefly to
the objections just cited: 1. "Short-lived." — Itisa
matter of considerable importance that a large pro-
portion of the best kinds continue beautiful until the
close of the season, in this respect having a con-
siderable advantage over the usual run of bedding
plants. 2. " Weedy." — Perhaps they are, in some
cases ! 3. " Their cheapness, and the small amount
of skill required in their cultivation." — These are
qualifications that should render them thoroughly
popular, and lead to their more extended cultivation.
A strong point in their favour is, the variety of uses
to which they may be put for decorative purposes,
being acceptable in this way for borders, lines,
masses, beds, rockwork, vases, &c.

Jolt 20, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

To record briefly a lew notes made on a recent
inspection : —

Nemophilas. — These are all exceedingly beautiful,
their height being nearly uniform, and the colours
exhibiting strong contrasts. They are admirably
adapted for sowing in circles or ribbons, especially
in autumn, for spring flowering. N. atomaria
oculata, blue, blotched with black ; N. a. elegans,
pure white, with dark chocolate centre ; N. insignis
purpurea rubra, pnce-purple. a new colour in this
genus; N. discoidalis vittata, velvety-black, mar-
gined pure white ; N. insignis grandiflora, white,
veined and blotched violet, large and handsome ;
N, insignis grandiflora alba, pure white.

Saponarias. — Continuous - blooming, compact,
dwarf hardy annuals, effective for beds, edgings, and
spring gardens ; S. calabrica, rich pink.

Venus' Looking-glass. — Very pretty for beds,
'baskets, vases, rock-work, and borders, large-flowered,
rich blue, and large-flowered white.

Venus' Navelwort. — An elegant plant, with pure
white flowers and silvery foliage ; pretty for edging
■purposes.

Virginian Stock. — Charming dwarf, hardy ; sown
from February to June. This pretty annual pro-
duces a gay display in the period between the spring
and summer flowers.

Oxalis valdiviana (hardy perennial). — Bright yel-
low. All the varieties in this class are exceedingly
pretty.

Candytuft (Iberis). — Beautiful hardy annual ; this
is a plant of fine habit, profuse blooming, and re-
mains long in beauty, adapted for ribbons, lines, and
flower-beds ; C. Normandy, soft lilac, very free and
beautiful; C. Dimnettii, rich crimson, very fine;
'C. new hybrid, carmine — an acquisition ; new hybrid
varieties in mixture are also good ; C. Rocket, fine
spikes of white flowers ; C. sweet-scented, white,
having gracefully cut foliage ; C. New White Spiral
(Dobbie) is a decided acquisition.

Silene. — All exceedingly effective and beautiful,
some for rock-work, others for beds, and the taller
sorts for borders and to cut from.

Lcptosiphon. — Varieties of chaste beauty in flower
and foliage. For small beds, edgings, rock-work,
and massing>for spring and summer decoration they
are simply invaluable ; L. roseus (rich rose) is a
very beautiful variety.

Nolana. — Pretty hardy annuals, of a trailing habit,
and admirably adapted for rock-work, hanging-
baskets, vases, flower borders, &c. ; N. atriplicifolia
alba, pure white ; N. atriplicifolia, blue-violet and
white — two acquisitions.

Anagallis. — Beautiful half-hardy annuals ; dwarf,
■effective as edgings, beautiful as pot-plants, and
valuable for the rockery ; A. grandiflora sanguinea,
bright ruby, beautiful ; A. g. Breweri, rich intense
blue flowers.

Eutoca. — A showy and hardy class; E. viscida,
bright blue — very good.

Layia. — Beautiful and hardy ; L. elegans, the ray,
florets yellow, bordered white — very beautiful ; an
acquisition. L. glandulosa, ray florets pure white,
\h inch across — beautiful.

Adonis. — Beautiful hardy annuals, very effective in
borders ; A. vernalis flowers in spring, A. aestivalis
in summer, and A. autumnalis in autumn.

Gilia. — Very fine when grown in masses ; much
prized for their earliness, and for rock-work. G.
laciniata, deep lavender-blue — fine bedding plant ;
G. liniflora, white, a verj beautiful variety — an
acquisition ; G. tricolor, white, lilac, and purple ; G.
rubra-violacea, red and violet ; G. alba, white and
purple.

" Gypsopila — Plants of graceful, slender growth ;
G. elegans, a rose-coloured sort, is valuable for table
bouquets ; and G. muralis, pink, for rock-work and
edgings.

Eschscholtzia.— Remarkably showy and hardy. The
bright colours, dwarf habit, and continuous blooming
properties of these, admirably adapt them for beds,
ribbons, edgings, and borders. E. Mandarin, bright
scarlet, and orange, is very striking ; E. tenuifolia,
primrose, a pretty dwarf plant, is an acquisition;

E. Rose Cardinal, rich rose-purple, is extremely
beautiful ; E. crocea aurantiaca is, perhaps, one of
the richest yellow flowers grown.

Viscaria. — A beautiful and effective class. It is
scarcely possible to over-estimate the brilliant effect
in beds, lines, or masses of the rich magenta flowers
of V. cardinalis. V. ccerulea, blue ; this fine variety
produces a good contrast with V. cardinalis.

Hawkwced (Crepis). — These are very showy, effec-
tive in beds, on rock-work, in lines, and masses ; the
yellow-flowered variety is undoubtedly an acquisi-
tion.

Clarkia. — These are very effective border plants,
being elegant, showy, and profuse-blooming. C.
pulchella and its varieties are amongst the prettiest
of hardy annuals, combining a fine habit with great
profusion of bloom ; C. p. Mrs. Langtry, crimson,
with a broad white margin. The Tom Thumb
varieties, rose-crimson, and crimson edged white, are
dwarf and compact, good for beds, and effective in
marginal lines ; the new varieties, C. elegans, Purple
King (purple), and Salmon Queen (rose), are remark-
able for their large double flowers.

Linaria. — Very pretty, and free-flowering, suitable
for beds, mixed borders, and to cut for bouquets ; L.
reticulata aurea purpurea, rich purple, with a bright
orange lip, borne in dense clusters on a short spike is
an acquisition ; L. bipartita alba, pure white ; L. b.
splendida, rich deep purple.

Schhanthus. — Few plants are more attractive and
beautiful than these when well grown. In what
may be called the " halcyon days " at Chiswick grand
plants of S. retusus — rose and yellow — used to be
grown in vases. S. pyramidalis compactus, violet-
purple, spotted black; S. grandiflorus albus, large
pure white flowers — sulphur eye ; S. papilionaceous,
spotted and laced purple and yellow, shading to
crimson.

Lupiiius. — The Lupins are all handsome and grace-
ful. The tall varieties are effective in borders, the
dwarf in beds, L. nanus, blue and white — beautiful ;
L. nanus albus, pure white — both acquisitions ; L.
hybridus atro-coccineus, crimson-scarlet, white
tipped — very handsome.

Calendula. — Very showy and hardy. In mixed
flower borders, shrubberies, and to naturalise in
semi-wild places, these are exceedingly attractive
and useful. C. officinalis superba, rich orange — an
acquisition ; C. o. Meteor, apricot-orange. This
variety is remarkable as having a white line on each
petal. C. pluvialis, pure white large flowers — a good
cutting subject.

Centaurea cyanus. — These are popularly known as
the Cornflower. The bright blue variety is largely
used in Covent Garden for bouquets, wreaths, &c. —
very decorative border plants, and valuable for wild
gardens ; C. cyanus, rose, was noteworthy also.

Collinsia. — These are very effective for flower
garden decoration. Sown in March aud April, they
are decorative in summer. For spring gardening
sow in August, and the display in May is a charming
one, the flowers being larger, more beautiful, and
lasting longer than in summer.

Calandrinia, charming flowers ; C. speciosa, rose-
purple ; C. s. alba, white ; C. grandiflora discolor,
a beautiful variety, rose-pink— useful for edgings,
small beds, and rock-work.

Whitlaeia. — The fine Gloxinia-like blossoms of
these recommend them for flower beds and border
decorations during both spring and summer; W.
grandiflora, fine violet-blue ; W. alba, pure white.

Laeatcra.— Exceedingly valuable plants for distant
effect iu masses and for large borders ; L. trimestris,
rose, striped pink.

Poppy (Pa/Mver).— These remarkably showy hardy
subjects give a brave display of colour. P. Dane-
brog (Danish Flag), brilliant scarlet, each petal
stained white, perhaps the most beautiful of new
hardy annuals. P. umbrosum, flowers intense crim-
son, each petal having a conspicuous glittering
black blotch — a most beautiful variety. The now
well-known and beautiful Shirley Poppy was noted as
good. P. Snowdrift (Novelty Seed Company) — ap-
propriately named— is a beautiful pure white, double-

flowered form. Yet two other doubles, French,
Steinforth, pink and white; P. Black Paiony, having
flowers of satin-like lustre.

Palaua Jle.vuosa, an elegant plant, covered with
small saucer-shaped rose-pink flowers. Charming
in small beds, on rock-work, in rustic baskets, and
for pot culture.

Miqnonette. — Covent Garden Favourite, a large
flowering sort. May be noted as a good thing,
especially valuable for pot culture.

Kaulfussia. — A pair of beautiful varieties, may be
found in K. amelloides atro-violacea, having intense
violet flowers, and K. a. kermesina, rich crimson,
Effective plants in beds, ribbons, and mixed borders.

Asperula azurea rctosa. — A charming light-blue
flowered species.

Athanasia annua. — Very effective, with its clusters
of ball-shaped golden blossoms, which have a beau-
tiful appearance when used for table bouquets.

Mathiola bicomis (night-scented Stock) should be
grown for the delicious perfume emitted by its
flowers. Those in search of good bee-flowers will
find favourites iu those pretty hardy annuals —
Limnanthes Douglasii grandiflora, bright yellow
edged white ; and L. Douglasii alba. They are
withal very effective plants for spring and summer
decoration, and succeed in damp or shady situations.

(Enothera Drummondi nana, bright yellow, is a
continuous blooming beautiful variety. While O.
bistorta Veitchi, pure yellow-spotted crimson, is an
acquisition for small beds and rock-work.

Amongst sweet-smelling flowers, Amblyolepis
setigera, bright yellow, holds a good place. A fine
border plant.

Sweet Peas in variety, give an ever-welcome glow
of colour. Mr. Eckford's varieties are good, as usual.

Campanula macrostyla, violet, is a charming
subject. Alyssum odoratum, white, is a beautiful
summer-bedding annual.

Those charming hardy annuals, Nasturtiums, may
be recorded as being unrivalled for beauty, effect;
and utility. In the "Tom Thumb " group we have
as most noteworthy : Empress of India, flowers in-
tense crimson-scarlet, with a rich velvety gloss ;
Lady Bird, yellow, veined ruby-crimson — very free ;
Ruby King, ruby-rose, very beautiful ; Spotted King,
yellow, spotted crimson, beautiful, and cccruleum
roseum, beautiful peach.

Convolvulus. — The varieties of C. tricolor are
amongst the most showy of hardy annuals. In beds,
flower-borders, and on rock-work, their handsome
flowers are seen to great advantage. C. t. monstrosus
is a deep violet-purple, a beautiful variety ; C. t. Rosy
Queen, rose, centre white, edged violet ; C. t. albus,
silky white ; C. t. striatus, blue and white.

Stocks constitute a showy feature, the two best
things in this way at the time of our inspection
being: No. 1 Dwarf German ten week (Dippe),
purple, one plant having fourteen well-clothed com-
pact spikes of purple flowers ; Victoria Bouquet
(Dippe), blood-red, a true strain.

I'enidium calendulaceum, we noted in a frame ; it
produces bright orange Gazania-like flowers, and is
exceedingly effective in large beds, on rock-work, in
rustic baskets, and mixed borders.
' Callin/isis. — Valuable hardy annuals, profuse and
continuous bloomers, and are among the most
elegant and effective for border decoration and to cut
for filling vases, and for bouquets. C. bicolor atro-
sanguinea, very dark crimsou ; C. b. grandiflora,
yellow, crimson centre. .V.

DENDROBIUM IMOBILE ALBUM.— In the Orchid
display arranged at the Paris Exhibition by Messrs.
Seeger & Tropp, of 112, Lordship Lane, East
Dulwich, this chaste variety, which may now be seen
at their establishment, opened for the first time. The
flowers are large and clear white, the labellum having
a rich maroon blotch at its base, with a sulphur-
yellow area in front. It is a most elegant variety,
and the long footstalks of its flowers, by separating
the clusters, add to its beauties. J.c Moniteur
d' Horticulture announces its intention to issue a
coloured plate of it.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 20, 1889.

The Bulb Garden.

LILIUM LONGIFLORUM VAR. HARRISII.

Vert few members of the genus Lilium have
attained to greater notoriety in such a brief space of
time as the "Bermuda Easter Lily," as this variety
is popularly called; and fewer still have barely
deserved the one-half that has been said of them as
to their adaptability for pot-culture and forcing ;
i'or undoubtedly the whole of this family are never
better suited, or more perfectly happy, than when
properly planted in the open ground and allowed to
establish themselves. Some few are not sufficiently
hardy for the open ground, therefore pot culture
must be given them. But it is not pot-culture pure
.and simple that does them harm, for this is done
invariably by abusing them in heated structures, and
neglecting them after they have flowered — and
Lilies, of all plants, are the least capable of
enduring this. There are, however, exceptions to
■every rule, and the subject of these remarks is,
beyond doubt, an exception among its kind, for not
only do we find it singularly well suited both to pot-
culture and forcing alike, but we also find it not
nearly so well suited for outdoor culture in the
majority of English gardens where Lilies are grown
somewhat extensively, as the majority — indeed,
those who would have the greatest return, for the
flowers of this plant — must of necessity grow it in
pots and under glass, while the forcing part of it is
optional to all.

Though considerable stir has been made during
the past five years, it has never found its way into
our cut-flower markets in such formidable quantities
as during the recent Easter season ; in fact, it has
simply been overdone, and many thereby disap-
pointed, for the simple reason that its handsome
blossoms have virtually been given away instead of
sold. When first announced, many were naturally
very shy of the actual existence of this reputed
perpetual flowering Lily, the writer among the
.number, for the reason that he was asked only 5s.
for a supposed bulb of it, which was about a foot
high, carrying one flower, and which was un-
doubtedly nothing but a small representative of our
old friend L. longiflorum eximium, and there are
still those who doubt the existence of L. Harrisii, or
rather there are those that regard it as synonymous
with typical longiflorum. Those, however, who
know this Lily can enjoy a smile at the expense of
those who cannot be convinced of the existing dis-
tinction between these two Lilies, for while Harrisii
will form strong bulbs, attain a height of upwards of
6 feet, and carry a dozen or eighteen flowers,
typical longiflorum rarely attains more than 2 feet
high, while four or five flowers is a really good
result from a single bulb ; nor is this the only
distinction, for a practised eye can easily pick
them out by the bulbs alone ; the true Harrisii is
decidedly conical towards the apex, the individual
scales more uuiform in shape, while the peculiar
mode of doubling, as seen in large bulbs of longi-
florum, is not noticeable in Harrisii ; the last-named
sometimes producing stem-bulbs above the ground-
line, and the growth more vigorous.

I have this season forced a considerable quantity
of this fine Lily, and have no hesitation in testifying
to its superiority over all others of its group for pot-
culture and forcing. Many of my plants have
exceeded G feet high, sturdy, vigorous, and self-
supporting even then, and carrying healthy foliage
to the pots. These were potted at the end of last
August, and soon pushed away into growth when
they were placed in frames secure from frost, and
introduced into heat in the end of November. I
have not at any time given them excessive heat, as
they passed through December, January, and
February in a temperature varying from 45° to 55°,
which was increased to G0° at the end of the last-
named month. But if we must give credit to
information we receive from the other side of the
Atlantic, we have to believe that they are forced
into flower in a temperature of 80° to 00° in mid-

winter; in fact, during the above-named months,
which is putting the "steam " on with a vengeance,
and most assuredly to the detriment of the future
bulb. In the pot culture of this Lily it is not
needful, nor even advisable, to shift into larger pots
when growing. I much prefer planting them in
the flowering-pots in the original potting in autumn.
The greatest enemy the cultivator has to contend
with is greenfly, a terrible pest to this Lily, and
which is hardly overcome at all if allowed to get any
headway. The best policy to pursue is to fumigate
to keep them away, to check their rapid increase,
and not wait till they appear in thousands, which
they soon do. I imagine the difficulty of killing them
outright when they have taken possession of this
plant, is in the fact of the favourable nest they have
in the close-fitting leaves at the top of the plant,
which in a measure prevents the smoke getting
fairly at them. This is effectually overcome, how-
ever, by immersing the tops in "a solution of quassia
and soft-soap, which they cannot endure. When
in flower and in good condition, this Lily'is very
imposing, few plants being productive of better
effect when grouped with other plants in the conser-
vatory or greenhouse, remembering always that a
cool temperature will considerably prolong their
flowering, and that the use of the syringe is highly
detrimental to the lasting properties of the flowers
individually. J.

A VIEW IN THE HARDY FER-
NERY AT LUTON HOO.

[See Supplementary Sheet.]

Luton Hoo, the residence of Chevalier de Falbe,
the Danish Minister at the Court of St. James', has
been described at various times in these pages, the
last notice being on the occasion of our publishing
the view from the north front of the mansion. We
now give an illustration of the hardy fernery, which
will show how, as Mr. Baillie, the gardener there says,
an old rubbish-heap maybe transformed, by the use of
a few stumps and roots of trees, and burrs arranged
on mounds of earth, and planted with the commoner
species and varieties of Eerns, alpine plants, &c,
and standing on a turf carpet. The canopy over-
head is formed by Beech trees of great age ; to the
right hand is a screen formed with bushes of Laurel ;
the taller stumps of trees on the left hand are
clothed with Ivy, Clematis, and Virginian Creeper.
The whole forms one of those pleasant retreats from
sun and wind, so desirable in all gardens of large
extent, and which, from the small amount of labour
that is required to keep it in order, might, without
fear of any great addition to the labour-bill, be
added to the existing attractions in many gardens.

SPRAYING FRUIT TREES.

The most important accession to recent horti-
cultural practice is the spraying of fruit trees with
arsenical poisons for the destruction of various
insects. No orchardist can afford to neglect this
practice. The codlin-moth, curculio, canker-worm,
tent-caterpillar, and other insects, are destroyed by
this operation, and sometimes three or more species
are killed by the same application. Experience has
shown the best methods of applying the poisons, and
we now know that the essential points of the opera-
tion are to use a very dilute mixture, and to apply it
with great thoroughness. London Purple, when
pure, is better than Paris Green, and is cheaper. A
pound of the London Purple to 250 or 300 gallons of
water is sufficient. Apply it until the liquid drips
from the foliage in all parts of the tree. The appa-
ratus should be such that the liquid will be driven
with great force in a fine spray. A gallon of liquid
will cover an Apple tree twenty-five or thirty years
of age.

A single spraying of Apple trees, if the operation
is not immediately succeeded by heavy rains, is
usually sufficient, although a second application is

always advantageous. Two or three applications
should be made upon Plums, Cherries, and Peaches,
and I have met growers who make as many as five
applications. Even five applications are much
cheaper and easier than any other method of
destroying the curculio, and the practice is much
more effective. In young and open orchards the
spraying can be well done with a machine which
works from the wagon-wheel, but in large and thick
orchards — those most in need of treatment — the
operator must stop at each tree if the work is to be
thoroughly done. A tank or cask upon a wagon, a
pump with much power, one man to pump, and one
to drive and hold the hose, is a profitable outfit.
With such an outfit, two men can spray from 250 to
300 Apple trees, thirty years old, in about half a
day. Pear trees are treated in the same manner as
Apple trees. The mixing of flour with London
Purple, in order to make the poison stick to the
leaves, does not appear to meet with much favour
among practical men. L, H. Bailey, -in " Garden and
Furcst."

Plants and Their Culture.

The Inmates ok the Greenhouse. — Many of the
Heaths which have been in bloom throughout the
past two months should now be cleared carefully of
dead flowers and seed-vessels, and any small plants
which are much pot-bound may receive a liberal
shift, but I prefer to wait a month or two longer
before shifting the older plants, thus allowing them
time to make a good start into growth. Repotted
plants should be kept rather close for a few weeks,
so as to assist the plants to root into the new soil.
A cold frame or pit will be found the most suitable
place for them, as they can then be more readily
attended to than is the case when they are placed
in a mixed collection of plants. Watering must be
carefully performed, and great attention afforded the
plants to detect any appearance of mildew, to which
many varieties are liable. Should the malady be
noticed, dust with flowers-of-sulphur all affected
foliage. Great care is necessary when selecting the
compost for these plants, that only the best fibrous
peat, clean coarse silver-sand, and charcoal broken,
small be used. When potting the plants, the soil
should be firmly rammed, making use of plenty of
clean drainage and clean pots, and taking care to
leave plenty of space forgiving water, as many plants,
especially large ones, are killed by getting dry at the
centre of the ball, owing to insufficient watering. Any
plants about which the least doubt exists as to the
condition of the soil, after turning them out of the
pots and re-inserting them, should, if they appear
dry, be thoroughly soaked for a time before repotting.
Rain water should be used, it being very injurious to
water Heaths with any other. The plants should
now be afforded all the sunlight possible, as a short
sturdy growth should be the aim of the cultivator.
Autumn flowering varieties must not suffer through
want of water at the roots, and should yet be pro-
tected from heavy rains. Heaths assume a much
higher colour when placed out in the open, but they
should be protected during rainy weather. A house
suits them admirably where the lights can be removed
from the roof.

Such soft-wooded varieties as hyemalis and some
others, which will now have made good growth and
have been hardened-off, may be placed out-of-doors
on coal-ashes, the pots being shaded from the direct
rays of the mid-day sun. A simple plan to adopt
with small plants is to place them in empty pots
a size or two larger than the pots in which they
are growing, and larger pots may be shaded by
pieces of tiles, turves, or boards.

Epacrises, which may have finished their growth,
should be afforded treatment similar to the soft-
wooded Heaths ; but the late-flowering varieties take
a longer period in which to complete their growth,
and may be kept under glass for a few weeks longer.
Aphelexis plants which have been in flower for some
time past, should have their flowers removed by
cutting them out -at the base of the new growth

July 20, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

and encouraged to make a fresh start. These plants
should at all times be watered with much care.
Dracophyllum gracile needs much the same treat-
ment as the Aphelexis, and will well repay any
attention bestowed upon it. Old plants of species of
Boronias should be shortened back if the plants are
getting out of shape ; also Pimeleas and Polygalas
may be cut back hard, and given a shift into fresh
soil, but these plants will then need extra attention
for a time, that is, until new roots are formed,
overwatering and exposure to rains being very detri-
mental to them. Small plants should have their
shoots pinched in, and be potted into pots one size
larger, keeping the plants close tor a short time.
I'hienocomas should get a light airy position; these
plants will last in beauty for some time longer, but
it is not advisable to let the blooms remain on the
plants too long, as it tends to weaken them ; and espe-
cially is this the case with young plants. G. Wythes,
Sinn House, Bienlford.

The Hardy Fruit Garden.

Peaches and Nectarines. — The earliest of these
will now be rapidly swelling their fruits, and should
receive all possible sunlight, to give high colour
and good flavour. The leaves over the fruit should
be put aside, or they may be clipped off, according as
the tree is weak or vigorous. Any late varieties which
have not been finally thinned must be attended to
without further delay. Earwigs sometimes attack
both the foliage and the fruit of the Peach and Necta-
rine, spoiling the fruit when still quite green and
hard. When this is the case, bean-stalks cut in
lengths of from 8 to 10 inches, and placed at inter-
vals among the branches, form capital traps, and
serve to keep these depredators in check. The stalks
should be examined each morning, and should any
insects be in them they should be blown into a pail
of hot water.

Morcllo Cherries, on north walls, should have all
shoots not required for laying in cut back to within
a few buds of the base. For the last four
seasons I have not fastened to the wall the summer
growth required for next season till after the fruit has
been gathered, and find that not only do the fruits
keep better, but the wood ripens more satisfactorily,
and better crops are obtained the following season.

Raspberry v Canes should now be made secure
against wind, &c, either by stakes, or by being
fastened to trellises. Leave from six to eight of the
strongest canes, removing the rest except where it
is intended to increase the stock.

Red, and White Currants in the open will be much
benefited if gone over and freely thinned, cutting
out all suckers and shoots over-crowding the bushes.
The tops of the leading shoots may be shortened
back, but not too severely ; the wood will then ripen
considerably better, and finer crops may be relied
upon the following year.

Cordon Trees should have all young shoots pinched
in as fast as they appear, reserving the leaders, and
tying them to the wires before they get damaged by
wind, &c. Do not overcrop, especially if handsome
fruit be required. Mulch and feed well with manure-
water any trees carrying heavy crops, and also those
making scanty growth, and take note of all that are
intended to be root-pruned, when the proper time
arrives for doing that kind of work ; and place nets
over late Gooseberries, Currants on walls, Morello
Cherries, &c, as they begin to colour, and, indeed,
over all fruits where birds are troublesome. H.
Markham, Mereworth Castle, Kent,

Fruits Under Glass.

Peaches. — The early-house should still receive
attention, although the crop be gathered. In fine,
bright weather the trees should be syringed twice a
week, about 1 oz. of carbolic soft-soap in a gallon of
soft water should be used as an occasional wash for
the trees — I find this a capital antidote to red-spider,
and it is perfectly safe in use. The young shoots left
on the trees for next season should not be less than
3 inches apart ; plenty of space is more especially
required where forcing is carried on in old-fashioned
houses with low flat roofs, and small squares of glass.
These houses require careful handling as regards
ventilation, syringing, and damping, and do not re-
quire so much moisture as erections in the new style.
To ensure well-ripened wood in a dull season like

the last, syringing in the afternoon should not be
done unless sufficiently early for the trees to dry
thoroughly before night, or if done later in day the
house should be left with some air on; anything like
coddling should be avoided, and every advantage
should be taken of the sun and light to expose the
wood as much as possible to its influence, thereby
securing short-jointed, hard shoots. Examine the
borders, and see that they do not at any time get dry.
Any ripening fruit should be exposed to the sun, and
a free circulation of air maintained to give the
necessary colour and flavour. Later houses with the
fruit now swelling should have manure-water when
required ; also take off needless lateral shoots, expose
the fruit, fumigate for thrips, tye in the shoots, &c.
(not too thickly), syringe in the afternoons of
bright dry days ; firing will scarcely be necessary
during the present bright weather, and give plenty
of air on all favourable occasions. W. Bennett,
Ranyemore, Burton-on-Trent.

of Pajonies, Delphiniums, Spiraeas, &c, which have
done flowering, may be tied close together. W. Wild-
smith, Hcekficld House, Winchfield.

The Flower Garden.

Bedding Plants. — These are now in full beauty,
and all that is required to keep them so is regularly
to go over the beds — say, weekly — removing faded
flowers and stalks, leaves, and weeds, and pinching
back the shoots of any plant that is growing too
rampantly, or is smothering out of existence the
weaker growers. It is yet too early to make notes
of the various modes of planting by way of reminders
for another season. With regard to our beds, I am
compelled to say that no arrangements which we
have are more approved of than those of mixed
plants of varying height and habits. Upright growing
plants in these arrangements are made to do duty for
standards, and are planted in regular order over the
beds ; and the trailers and bushy habited plants form
the ground-work of these beds. This irregularity of
height, and the regularity of mixtures, is the great
charm of these beds. Geometrical beds and parterres
require a greater amount of labour to keep them
true to character than mixed beds irregular in shape
and arrangement, and unless this labour can be
afforded without restraint, it is better to discard them,
as nothing looks worse than to see a line of one
colour over-running that of its neighbour, thereby
spoiling the effect of the design. In geometrically
planted designs, such lines of plants must be clipped
or pinched in at least once in a week, and the
standard plants, which should always be used in the
central parts of beds, should be kept closely tied to
their supports, and any of the bottom foliage which
may be smothering the ground-work plants should be
cut away ; this reminder is very necessary in respect
of such plants as the Fishbone Thistle, Grevilleas,
and Abutilons.

Subtropical plants of all kinds, though they have
grown well, are still far from being at their best,
and as it is desirable that this stage should be
reached as quickly as possible, every encourage-
ment in the way of watering and mulching should
still be continued, as also should the tying to stakes
as growth progresses.

Roses. — This has been about the shortest Hose
season in my recollection. The flowers were ap-
proaching their best when the scorching weather
and drought set in ; but we have, however, the con-
solation that an excellent autumn bloom is almost
a certainty, and to aid in making this later show of
Koses a success, the shoots which have borne flowers
should be partly cut back and all weak ones entirely
cut out, arid the plants be thoroughly washed with
tobacco-water, soap-suds, or clear water, and suffi-
cient force used in doing so to dislodge insects, after
whicli the mulching may be renewed ; and, in case
the rainfall has not been sufficient, water the soil up
to the saturation point. Cuttings of Roses, consisting
of half-ripened wood, if inserted firmly in sandy loam,
on a sunny bank, will strike readily at this season,
and make good plants for planting out in the beds
next year.

Hardy Flower Border. — Phloxes, Pentstemons,
Oenotheras, Clove and other Carnations, are the
chief flowering plants that are now in their prime.
Put stakes and ties to all which require support, and
let any isolated flowpring plants be seen to the best
advantage, by removing portions of flowerless plants,
or, in fact, anything that encroaches on the solitary
plants, llyacinthus candicans, Gladiolus Ganda-
vensis hybrids, Lilium auratum, and other bulbous
plants should not be allowed to get smothered by
other plants, and to prevent this occurring, the steins

The Kitchen Garden.

— ♦ — •

Carrots. — Thin out succession crops, and sow
seeds of the Horn varieties on a warm border, to
keep up the supply of young roots during the winter.
Where there are blanks in the lines, these may be
filled with the thinned-out plants whose tap-root has
been secured intact, a dibber being employed in the
planting. The tips of the leaves should also be cut
off, leaving about 4 inches only attached to the root.
I have succeeded in securing a crop of Carrots by
this means when the maggot has spoiled the greater
part of the main crop — they seldom trouble trans-
planted roots.

Onions, — The final thinning of the main crop
should now be done, and if the ground is not in good
heart, it will be advisable to give two or three appli-
cations of manure or manure-water at intervals, the
latter being employed in showery weather. The-
spring-planted Tripolis will now have made their
growth, and if the bulbs are allowed to stand on the
ground, they are apt to become mouldy, and decay to
set in ; it is therefore better to pull them, and, after
drying them in the sun for a day or two, place them
in a dry, airy shed.

Shallots and Garlic should, as soon as the foliage
shows indications of maturity, be pulled, or the bulk
of the crop may be lessened in a very few days.

Peas. — Continue to mulch and otherwise assist
the succession crops of these, so as to prolong their
season of productiveness. Seeds of American Wonder,
Veitch's Chelsea Gem, may be sown on a warm
border, or in pits, to be protected when frosts threaten.
These methods of cultivation will prolong the Pea
season to the utmost limit.

Cabbages. — If a proper system of cropping is car-
ried out, one crop will follow another in order — for
instance, one quarter may contain all the Onion
family, which crops leave the soil early enough, and
in excellent condition, to follow with Cabbages ; and
if my previous instructions were followed, fine stocky
plants will now be at command wherewith to plant
such vacant quarters. These may be planted-out
twice as close, as they will eventually be left to form
heads, every alternate row and plant being cut out as
Coleworts. Spring-planted Cabbages will now be
plentiful, and the leaves may be trimmed from the
stalks as the heads are cut, a thorough watering
with manure-water and a mulch afforded them, so
that a rapid growth of Sprouts may ensue. The
autumn- planted quarter can thus be set at liberty ; for
if left to produce a second crop of Sprouts, it would
very seriously exhaust the soil.

Celery. — The main crop should be put into the
trenches forthwith, and care should be taken
that the plants are not checked in growth, or the
ruin of the crop will be the inevitable result.
Apply abundance of weak manure-water in dry
weather, and a dusting of Thomson's, or Blood
Manure, during showery weather. Some of the
earliest planting may now be of sufficient size to*
blanch. In Lancashire, Celery growing is greatly
followed, and some of the Celery is blanched from
3 to 4 feet in height : the system adopted being to
tie up the plants, and fold them round with many
thicknesses of paper — and an admirable method it is
of blanching, no such fine Celery being found else-
where, as is to be seen at the local shows. The short
leaves should be trimmed from the base, all off-sets re-
moved, and a strand of raffia tied round each plant.
Having done this, the soil should be broken as finely
as possible, and packed around the plants; and I
consider it is better to allow the plants to attain
their full size before beginning to earth them up,
all the soil being placed to the plants at one time.
The day previous to earthing the plants should
receive a thorough drenching of water, as little or
none will reach the roots after the earthing-up is done.
Where slugs are troublesome, dust the soil with fresh
slaked lime. W. -V. Baillie, Luton Hoo.

YELLOW ROSES. — Gerard says. " the yellow
Rose, as divers do report, was by Art. so coloured
and altered from his first estate," by grafting a wild
Rose upon a Broome stalk (Cytisus), whereby, say
they, it doth not only change his colour, but his
smell and forces. But for my part, I having found
the contrarie by mine owne experience, cannot be
induced to believe the report."

THE GARDENERS' C II BO XI CLE.

[Jdly 20, 1889.

Advertisers are specially requested to note, that,
under no circumstances whatever, can any
particular position in the paper he guaran-
teed for advertisements occupying less space
than an entire column.

Now ready, in cloth, lis. 6d.
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

A Vol. V., Third Series. JAN. to .Tl'NE, 18811.

W. RICHARDS. 41. Wellington Street. Strand. W.C.

APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.

TUESDAY.

TUESDAY,

WEDNESDAY

THURSDAY,

FRIDAY,

THURSDAY,
FRIDAY.

MEETING.

i Royal Horticultural Society : Fruit,
July 23- Floral, aud Scientific Committees
( meet.

I8HOWS.

/'National Carnation Society (South
T Qn J ern Section), in conjunction with

Ji*LY-J< the Royal Horticultural Society,

(_ at Westminster.
JlTLY 2-1— Luton (two days).
Ji'LY 25— Trent ham and Hereford.
July 26— Wilmslow and Alderley.

SALES.

- ( Established Orchids, manyin Flower

Jri.Y 2,. -( ,md Bud^ at Stevens' Rooms

T ri. t Imported and Esi

July iflj at Protheroe &

tablished Orchids,
Morris' Rooms.

CORRECTED AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR THE ENSU-
ING WEEK, DEDUCED FROM THE OBSERVATIONS
OF FORTY-THREE YEARS, AT CHISWICK— 63'.4.

It is already late to make the
The Potato attempt to cheok the progress of

Disease. r . . .

the Potato disease this year, but,

judging from experience, it is not too late to
repeat the experiments made with such signal
success at Ohiswick, last year.

Although the report of that trial was pre-
sented to the Scientific Committee as long ago
as last November, no report of it has yet appeared
in the Society's Journal, in spite of the fact
that, as we do not hesitate to say, no more
striking, and certainly no more important, ex-
periment has ever found a place in the Society's
records. We recommend those interested to
turn to the account given in our columns, on
p. 572, November 17, 1888. It will there be
seen that the elaborate experiments, conducted,
for two years in succession, under the auspices
of the Scientific Committee, for the purpose of
putting Mr. Jensen's views to the test of prac-
tice, and the still more elaborate records made,
were to a large extent, frustrated in their main
object by the diminished intensity of the disease
in the seasons when the trials were made. lit
1888, however, a simple experiment, suggested
by Mr. Plowright, was made at the last
moment. The disease was then so virulent that
no hopes of success were entertained. Never-
theless, the experiment resulted in a degree
of success that was truly astonishing. Of course,
one experiment, on so limited a scale, can
hardly be deemed conclusive, but it must be
remembered that, limited as it was, it was the
complement and sequel of those which had pre-
ceded it, and that the conclusions to be drawn
from it were identical with those previously
obtained, and were quite in accordance with Mr.
Jensen's statements.

A summary of the original experiments was
given in our columns on January 9, 1886, p. 51.
Last year's results showed that, by the simple
process of " high moulding," that is to say, of
banking-up the earth with a spade on one side of
the rows, so that the usual furrow on the top of
the ridge was done away with, and by gently
bending the haulm over to the other side, the
amount of the disease in the tubers was very

greatly lessened by comparison with that present
in the adjacent rows, moulded in the ordinary
way, and in which no provision exists for pre-
venting the access of the spores to the tuber, but
where, on the contrary, the furrow in which the
'• collar " of the haulms is situated affords facility
for the access of the spores to the tuber. Thus,
while from the rows moulded in the customary
manner 26 per cent, of diseased tubers were found
at the time of lifting, only 10 per cent. wrere
found in the row that had been high moulded.
Similar results were obtained from a comparative
examination of the tubers from the two rows
laid aside for the purpose, and examined in
November.

In view of the extreme importance of this
matter, we urge upon our readers the desirability of
studying the details given in our last year's volume
before cited, and urgently press the desirability
of some of our practical readers losing no time
in repeating the experiment under other condi-
tions. We cannot suppose that such striking
results can be obtained again from experiments
carried out on a larger scale, but even if the
results of further experiments be less satisfactory
in their degree, there can be little doubt, in any
case, that a considerable saving of produce can
be obtained at a very slight cost of labour and
time. The Royal Horticultural Society's gardens
at Chiswick are pre-eminently the place for such
experiments to be initiated, but it can hardly be
expected that private individuals in these busy
times can continue to give their time and
labour to them.

To those who may object that it is now too
late to repeat these trials, it may be mentioned
that last year the disease did not set in with
virulence at Chiswick till July 29, and that the
experiment which showed so extraordinary a
result was not made till August 10.

Those who object to do anything, on the
ground that only palliation, not cure, can be
expected, are beyond the reach of persuasion.
Those who consider that the results are not
worth the trouble and expense, will, we doubt
not, alter their opinion when they find that
such valuable results can be obtained at a mini-
mum of trouble and expense — at least, we hope
they will put it to the trial. The anti-vivisec-
tionists and anti-Pasteurists will, of course,
urge that such proceedings are a violation of the
laws of Nature, and that any endeavour to pre-
vent, palliate, or stamp out disease is sinful, if it
involve cruelty to a sensitive fungus.

AMORPHOPHALLUS TlTANUM. — We are in-
debted to the courtesy of the Director at Kew for
the following translation of a letter from Professor
O. Beccari, respecting the flowering of the Amor-
phophallus Titanum at Kew. under the care of the
assistant-curator, Mr. Watson. It is satisfactory to
learn, that whilst all the other plants were lost, that
at Kew was kept, and finally flowered : —

" My dear Professor Dyer, — I thank you very
much for the beautiful photographs of the Amorpho-
phallus Titanum. It pleased me greatly to see that
you had succeeded in cultivating and flowering this
plant. The Marquis Corsi has lost, one after the
other, all bis plants, which, like the Kew plant, were
raised from seeds which I sent from Sumatra. The
tubers (more than twenty), some of which were of
extraordinary size, which I had sent to Genoa,
perished because we were not allowed to introduce
them for fear of Phylloxera ; although at this very
time the Government itself has introduced this
parasite with the American Vines, which are being
planted in the island of Pianosa."

National Carnation and Picotee So-
ciety (Southern Section). — -The thirteenth
annual exhibition of the above Society will be held

on Tuesday, July 2.'!, under the auspices of the
Koyal Horticultural Society, in the Drill Hall of the
London Scottish Volunteers, James Street, West-
minster. Upwards of a hundred prizes are offered in
varying amounts, from 40s. downwards. The
Southern flowers would be at their best a week
previous to the show, but better blooms will be
brought from the Midland districts this year. The
prospects are good for one of the largest exhibitions
ever held by the Society. By the courtesy of the
members of the Horticultural Club, a luncheon will
be provided at the Hotel Windsor, Victoria Street,
at 1.30 i'.m., for the Judges, members of the Society,
and their friends ; tickets are 2s. 6<l. each, and may
be obtained through the members of the Society.
Shirley Hibiserd, Esq., one of the Vice-Presidents
of the Society, will lecture on the Carnation and
Picotee in the Drill Hall, at 3 p.m. Robert Hogg,
Esq., LL.D., Vice-President of the Society, has
kindly consented to preside. The Hon. Secretary
will be glad to take the names of ladies or gentle-
men to be proposed as members. Subscriptions
were due in January. Mr. Henwood Earlet,
Reading, is the Treasurer, who will gladly receive all
unpaid subscriptions, or they may be paid to the
Secretary, Jas. Douglas, Ilford, Essex.

Jubilee Fete in the Royal Botanic So-
ciety's GARDENS.— This Society held a " Feast of
Koses " on Monday, the 15th, the rain which fell
occasionally being not heavy or- continuous enough
to cause much inconvenience. Whatever our
opinion may be as to the fitness of a Society which
calls itself a Botanical Society, indulging in per-
formances better suited to Cremorne or Hosherville,
or of the taste displayed by those who mass flowers into
shapes which are supposed to resemble bells, crowns,
goblets, &c, or as to the beauty of horses and carts
wreathed with lioses, there can be no doubt but that
the display was very acceptable to the general
public, especially as to these attractions was.
added the presence of Royalty. We will only say
that most of the Koses were shown in the Exhibi-
tion-tent, while scattered about the grounds might
be found triumphal arches, a Maypole, &c, and on
the lake was more than one boat decorated with
flowers.

The Oxford Carnation and Picotee
Union. — Mr. E. S. Dodwell has issued a notice to
the effect that the annual exhibition of the above,
originally fixed for August 6, will, by a practically-
unanimous vote of the cultivators interested, take
place in Mr. Dodwell's garden on Thursday,
August 1, thus anticipating the former date by
five days. The fact that the Carnation bloom pro-
mises to be earlier than was originally anticipated,
makes the change of date necessary.

BEGONIA. — From Mr. Peters, gr. to Harry
Finch, Esq., Reigate, we received, last week, a small
flower of a Begonia in which the central axis, from
which the stamens are given off,' was prolonged at
its summit, in the form of a white, petaloid, funnel-
shaped cup. It is to be presumed that it was the
prolonged axis or thalamus of the flower dilated in
this singular manner. Unfortunately, in the press
of work, the flower was laid aside for careful exami-
nation, but when the time came the flower had
become resolved into a mass of pulp.

Australasian Association for the Ad-
vancement OF SCIENCE.— This association, which
is founded on the lines of the British Association,
and is intended to link together, in one common
bond of fellowship and co-operation, the scientific
workers of Australia, held its first meeting at Sydney,
last year, when no fewer than 800 members were
enrolled. The next meeting will be held in Mel-
bourne, in January, 1890, when Baron Sir Ferdinand
von Mueller will preside over the Association :
Sir W. McLeat over the biological section ; Sir
Jas. Hector over the geological section ; and Prof.
Liversedge and Frof. Baldwin Spencer will act as
general secretaries."

Supplement to "The Gardeners' Chronicle," July 20th 1889.

I MftRTiN^, LAME ■ »ntj ■.-.

View in the Hardy Fernery, Luton-Hoo.

July 20, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

DuRSLEY ROSE SOCIETY. — The second exhibi-
tion of this Society was held on the 10th inst.
■ Messrs. Jeffries & Sons, Cirencester, showed
capital blooms, and took the chief prizes in the nur-
serymen's division, winning two medals given by the
National Rose Society. In the amateurs' section the
two National medals for H.P.'s and Noisettes were
awarded to Major Phillips, Angeston (gr., Mr. .1.
Maidonald). Messrs. Cooling & Sons, Bath, and
Messrs. Dicksons, Chester, were other prize winners
in the nurserymen's division.

Hobart, Tasmania.— We read in a recently
received newspaper that our Australasian relations
are admirers of the Chrysanthemum, and that the
Hobart Horticultural Society has held a successful
exhibition, which opened on May 1. Chrysanthe-
mums on May Day ! Mr. Joseph Bidencope was
one of the leading exhibitors ; he grows nearly 400
varieties, from which 194 were shown. Mr. G.
Luckjian had over 200 varieties on exhibition. Mr.
Bidexcope's system of exhibiting is very profitable
to the Society, as he wins large prizes and then
returns them. Mr. G. Innes, of Frankton, contri-
buted dishes of fruit suitable for the English market,
and in order to encourage the Colonial fruit trade,
the Society offered prizes for the packing of fruit for
shipment to London, and, states the report, " brought
on an interesting competition, and it was one from
which much good may be derived."

Zinnia Haageana. — Some splendid beds of
these in the Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens,
Chiswick, show what fine subjects these are for the
summer decoration of the flower garden, combining
richness and diversity of colour, with duration and
profusion of bloom, with great compactness and a
very dwarf habit of growth.

THE ROYAL PARKS.— We are informed that
Her Majesty's Commissioners of Works have, for
the fifteenth time, accepted Messrs. J. Veitch &
Son's tender for the supply of bulbs (Hyacinths,
Tulips, Crocus, &c), for the Royal Parks.

WATFORD SHOW.— On Wednesday, 10th inst.,
an exhibition of flowers, &c, took place at Watford,
in connection with the reopening of the Recreation
Grounds. Groups were the chief feature of the
show. Mr. Beckett, gr. to H. H. Gibbs, Esq., Alden-
ham House, Elstree, staged a large and well-arranged
group, not for competition, and other creditable
exhibits were from Mr. Myehs, gr. to the Earl of
Clabendon, Watford ; Mr. Gough, Harefield Grove ;
Mr. Dinsmoee, Mr. Brown, gr. to Lord Esher ; Mr.
Kinneah, and Mr. Dean, Cassiobury Park Gardens ;
Mr. Darby, nurseryman, Watford, also sent a mis-
cellaneous collection. Other exhibits do not call
for notice.

Chambre Syndicale of Ghent.— At a meet-
ing held on Monday, the 8th inst., the following
awards were made : —

First-class Certificates. — To Oncidium sp. and
Nephrodium palidum cristatum, from Mr.L.Desmet-
Duvivier ; to Odontoglossum Alexandra* grandi-
florum, from Messrs. Edm. Vervaet & Co. ; to Odon-
toglossum hastilabium and O. Pescatorei, from Mr.
J. Hye-Leysen ; to Cypripedium bellatulum grandi-
florum, from Mr. G. Vincke-Dujardin ; to Cypripe-
dium Elliottianum, from Mr. J. Decock.

Monoicious Philadelphus.— Dr. Udo Dam-
• mkb has sent us, from Berlin, flowers of a Philadel-
phus, probably a form of P. coronarius, from which
the stamens are entirely absent, the pistil alone
being present. This unisexual condition is new to
us in this genus.

The Site of the Tuileries.— The Athenirum
tells us that "the beautiful garden which has been
formed on the site of the Palace of the Tuileries,
destroyed by the Commune in 1870, is now com-
pletely finished, and open to the public. The whole

area — from the monument of Gambetta, a work
which is too demonstrative, to the Arc de l'Etoile,
including the Place du Carrousel, the new garden of
the Jardin des Tuileries, the Place de la Concorde,
and the Grand Avenue des Champs Elysees — is now
open to view, and is marked by prodigious magnifi-
cence and beauty. The wooden shanties lately occupied
by the Bureaux des Postes have entirely disappeared,
and that great department is now installed in the new
building on the original site facing part of the Rue
Jean Jacques Rousseau. . . . The new garden is
called the Jardin du Carrousel, and it is enriched
with columns surmounted by gilt spheres, and various
decorative statues of high merit, including several
famous ones."'

Stock-taking: June. — "The 'No's' have

it " this month — that is to say, there is a decrease
as compared with June, 1888, as witness the accom-
panying extracts from the " Summary of Imports
from Foreign Countries and British Possessions " in
the monthly publication issued by the Board of
Trade :—

188S.

Total value of imports I 30,478,85 4

511.— (A.) Articles of j
food and drink —
dutyfree - 10,783,616

(B.) — do., dutiable ! 1,694,688

$Y% — Raw materials I
for textile manufac-
tures (including |
Flax, Hemp, and
Jute) , 5,773,568

JVH. — Raw materials
for sundry industries
and manufactures
(including wood and
timber, hewn, sawn,
split, dressed ; vege-
table materials, for
paper-making, &c.) 3,224,516

§IX. — Miscellaneous
articles (including
Clover, Grass, Flax,
Rape, Linseed) ... 839,228

£.
29.224,015

Difference.

£.

-1,184,1

10,127,805
1,663,593

4,725,907

3,422,480

810,579

—655,811
—31,095

—1,047,661

+197,964

—28,619

It would be unfair, however, not to place on record
the comforting fact, that " chemicals, &c, continue
to show an increase." The following are our usual
excerpts from the general list of imports : —

$ II. Fruit :—
Apples, raw

1888.

1889.

Difference

... bush.

25,660

15,552

—10,108

Unenumerated, raw

121,369

183,774

+ 62,405

Onions

44,934

112.657

+67,72::

Potatos

... cwt.

559,179

858,670

+299,491

Vegetables, raw,
ated

uuenumer-
... Value

£72,484

£70,162

— £2,322

The figures in this little table are really worth
cogitation, the decrease in unenumerated vegetables
having been previously noted.

" Journal of the Japanese Horticultu-
ral SOCIETY." — The May number contains a
coloured figure of Arundina chinensis, which appeals
to those who are not in a position to read the text.

Flax in New Zealand. — Flax owners are
(according to the New Zealand Times of May 16)
getting very handsome royalties just now. Rumour
says the Oroua Estate receives £2800 a year royalty
on a weed (Phormium tenax) that they have spent
much money trying to eradicate. Another big West
Coast estate is getting over £1000 a year in royalties.
The favourite form of Flax royalty is a rent of £14
per shipper per month for a day of ten hours, whether
the mill be working or idle. Some landlords charge
a royalty of ft. 6d. to 10s. per ton of green Flax, and
even higher prices are mentioned.

Limes of Western Europe.— Mr. C. S.

Sahgent, in the Garden and Forest, says that, " I
can find no distinguishing characters in the bark, in
the habit of growth, or in the flowers, which in all

three species are destitute of the petaloid scales that
occur in those of our American species, or in the
winter buds of these trees as they are found growing
here ; but in the leaves and in the fruit they are
clearly distinct. The following characters, there-
fore, may be found useful in enabling cultivators
who cannot always readily refer to the old figures to
distinguish the different species : —

" CONSPECTOS OF THE SPECIES.

"Leaves pubescent: fruit prominently four-ribbed1
at maturity. ... 1. Tilia platyphyllos.

" Leaves naked, except in the axils of the principal
veins : fruit destitute of wings.

" Leaves ample, the base more or less oblique,
green on both surfaces : tufts of hairs pale : shell of
the fruit thick and tough. . . . 2. T. vulgaris.

" Leaves small, sub-cordate or rounded at the
base, pale on the lower surface : tufts of hair, rusty
brown : shell of the fruit thin and brittle. . . . 3. T.
ulnifolia."

The Botanical Society of France (says

Nature), announces the following programme of the
forthcoming Botanical Congress to be held in Paris :
— Tuesday, August 20, opening sitting of the Con-
gress at 2 p.m., at the Hotel of the Horticultural
Society, 84, Rue de Grenelle ; reception of foreign-
members at 8.30 p.m. Wednesday, August 21
sitting at 9 a.m., devoted to the consideration of the
first question, on the utility of an agreement be-
tween the different botanical societies and museums,
for the purpose of drawing up charts of the distri-
bution of species and genera of plants on the globe,
and other communications if time allows. Thurs-
day, August 22, excursion in the neighbourhood of
Paris. Friday, August 23, sitting at 9 a.m., devoted
to the consideration of the second question, oa
the characters furnished by anatomy for classifi-
cation, and other communications if time allows.
In the afternoon a visit to the botanical collections-
and laboratories of the Museum of Natural History,
and of the [other large scientific establishments in
Paris. Saturday, August 24, sitting at 9 a.m., mis-
cellaneous contributions ; in the afternoon a visit
to the Exhibiton. Sunday, August 25, banquet to
the foreign botanists. During the following week,
several botanical excursions will also be arranged.
Special arrangements with regard to railway fares-
will be made in favour of botanists announcing their
intention to be present to Mr. P. Maury, the Secre-
tary to the Committee of Organisation, 84, Rue de
Grenelle, before July 25.

A New Agricultural Bill.— A Bill has-
been introduced into the House of Commons which
would, says Nature, if it became law, prove a great
boon to young people in the rural districts. The
object is to provide instruction in agricultural and
horticultural subjects in public elementary schools,
and to afford practical illustration in such teaching.
The Industrial Agricultural Education Bill, as it is
called, would not only secure for children in rural
districts practical instruction on such subjects a*
fruit, flowers, and vegetable growing, the proper
method of keeping cattle, rotation of crops, packing
fruit for market, and other matters of equal import-
ance ; it proposes, further, that the instruction in
these branches shall be carried on after the children
leave school. To effect this, it is proposed to
establish schools at which lessons would be given in
the evenings, and on Saturday afternoons. To
induce parents to keep their children at school for a
longer period, or to send them to the new schools,
the promoters of the measure advocate the provision
of a small number of scholarships of the value of
30s. per annum, and tenable for two years, for
children who have passed the fourth standard.
They foresee, also, that the ordinary appliances of
elementary schools will not be sufficient to secure
comprehensive instruction in practical agriculture,
and they are bold enough to hope that a special
grant will be made by the Education Otlice or the
Science and Art Department for the expenses of

TEE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[.Idly 20, 1889.

such allotments, school gardens, and buildings as
may be necessary to make the teaching thoroughly
practical. The Bill is backed by Mr. George Dixon,
Mr. Henry Fowler, Sir John Lubbock, Mr. Jesse
Collings, Sir Bernhard Samuelson, Mr. Howell, Sir
John Kennaway, Mr. Robert Beid, and Major Kasch.

Presentation to Mr. Walter H.Williams.

— Last week a very pleasing ceremony took place
in the Banqueting Hall of the Council House, Salis-
bury, the Mayor presiding, the occasion being the
approaching marriage of Mr. W. II. Williams, Hon.
Sec. of the Wilts Horticultural Society, an event of
which his friends availed themselves in order to
express their appreciation of the valuable services
Mr. Williams has rendered to the Society. The
wedding present consisted of a cottage piano, of the
value of 55 guineas ; and one of the panels of the
instrument bore a silver plate, on which was the fol-
lowing inscription : — " Presented to Mr. W. II.
Williams, Hon. Sec. of the Wilts Horticultural
Society, by the committee, exhibitors, and friends,
upon the occasion of his marriage, July, 1889." Dr.
F. W. Coates, a keen horticulturist, who has the
welfare of the Society at heart, was deputed by the
Mayor to make the presentation, which he did in a
few well chosen remarks.

The Effect of " Bouillie Bordelaise " on
Wine. — The Times of June 6 says : — " Bouillie Bor-
delaise " is a mixture of 3 lb. of sulphate of copper
with 1 lb. of slaked lime and 22 gallons of water,
which is largely employed in the Gironde and other
wine-growing districts of France to prevent the
Vines being attacked by mildew. The results have
been so satisfactory that it is said the abundance of
the vintage last year was largely due to the use of
this remedy. Some apprehensions, however, have
been excited by the employment of this mixture,
which is sprinkled on the leaves of the Vine, as it is
thought that it must have some effect on the wine
produced from the Vine so treated, and that not
only may the flavour or other qualities of the wine
be unfavourably affected, but that the health of the
consumers may be injured. The British Consul in
Bordeaux, in his last report, returns to this subject,
and, for the benefit of British consumers of Bordeaux
wines, says that many careful analyses have fully
proved that wines made from Vines sprinkled with
the "bouillie Bordelaise" are not injurious to health.
For it has been repeatedly found that the quantity
of copper contained in such wines does not exceed
three-tenths of a milligramme per litre, or, in other
words, a consumer, before absorbing a maximum
quantity of 45 grains of copper, would have to drink
at least 2000 gallons of wines produced from such
Vines. According to scientific experiments, this
trifling amount of copper is in fact not greater, and
probably less, than the percentage thereof contained
in some other articles of daily food which are ad-
mitted into the human body without injurious or
unpleasant effects. How far, on the other hand, the
use of the " bouillie Bordelaise " may have already
affected, or will affect, the flavour and some other
qualities of the wine derived from Vines sprinkled
with it is a question which has not yet been definitely
settled.

WOMENS' WORK.— The Woman's Division of

the German Academic Association recently decided,
says Garden and Forest, to promote the education of
women in the art of gardening, " partly in order to
enable the future housewife to care for her own
garden, but chiefly to open new sources of income to
the unmarried." A committee of the Association
for the Promotion of Horticulture at once con-
cerned itself with the matter, and announced that
it would be considered at a general meeting on
May 23. Meanwhile, however, the subject was
broached at an open horticultural conference in
Berlin on May 8, where 000 gardeners were present.
An hour and a-half was spent in discussing the
advisability of educating women as gardeners, thirty
speakers making themselves heard for or against the

idea. A vote was then taken, and the following
resolution submitted to the ladies' committee of the
Academic Association : — " The conference feels itself
compelled to oppose the projects of the Academic
Association in the interest of German gardening, as
well as in those of womankind itself, because garden-
ing demands much greater physical powers than
usually are found in women, and because the industry
is already at this moment suffering from over-
crowding."

Aldenham Street Sunday School.— The

thirteenth annual flower show of the above, which is
iu connection with Regent Square Presbyterian
Church (Rev. John McNeill), took place in the
Aldenham Institute, Goldington Crescent, on
Saturday last. This school, which is one of the
largest in the Metropolis, having 1400 children on
its roll, was the first to introduce flower shows
in connection with Sunday schools, in England.
Saturday's show was one of the best and most
successful ever held. There were 752 exhibits,
consisting of window-boxes of annuals, pots of
annuals, plants in pots, and home-made work,
as against 585 last year, by 129 boys, 168 girls,
and 17 teachers, in all 314 exhibitors, as com-
pared with 150 in 1888. The Royal Horticul-
tural Society's Medal, for the best collection of four
plants, was won by Harry Briers. Other special
prizes were awarded for collections of plants, in ad-
dition to the ordinary prizes, about 100 in number,
for the different varieties. The Rev. John McNeill
addressed the children in characteristically happy
terms, congratulated the children and those friends
in charge of the show, upon the success that had
attended their efforts, as he believed these shows
were doing a good work in developing a love for all
that was beautiful in Nature. Mr. McNeill then
presented the special prizes.

John Edward Lane.— A familiar figure in

the horticultural world, and one who, from his per-
sonal qualities, extensive experience, and wide know-
ledge was highly respected, has passed away at the
ripe age of eighty-two years. Mr. Lane, of the
Berkhampsted Nurseries, was one of the old school
of " all round " gardeners, and his nurseries and his
cultivation of Vines, Roses, Rhododendrons, and
fruit trees was specially remarkable. Mr. Lane
died on July 17, and his funeral is fixed for this day.
July 20, at Berkhampsted, at 3 p.m.

Publications Received. — The Book of the

Farm. Div. iii. Ed. by J. Macdonald. (London
and Edinburgh: Wm. Blackwood & Sons). — Walks
in Holland. By Percy Lixdlay. (London : 125,
Fleet Street, E.C.)— Cercle Hortkole. Van Houtte.
Schedule of III. Exhibition, 1, 2 and 3, of Septem-
ber, 1889.

PLANT POETRAITS.

Anthdridm Dechardi, Gartcnflora, June 15,
p. 325.

Anthuridm Scherzerianum Fruit, Gartcnflora,
June 15, p. 325.

Anthdrium Scherzeriandm var. Madame Desmet-
Ddvivier, Illustration Horticole, t. 82.

Begonia Scharffiana, Illust. Monatshcftc, May.

BouriAiNviLLEA glabra, Revue Horticole, June 16.

Calanthe d'Arblayana, Orchidophile, June, 1889.

Cattleva Walkeriana, Gartcnflora, June 1,
t. 1299.

Cypripedum barbatum var. Warneriandm,
Illustration Horticole, t. 81.

Cypripkdium nitens X, Munileur d' Horticulture,
June.

Eciiinopsis cristata, Gartcnflora, June, abb. 47.

Lobelia i.axiflora, Garten Flora, Julv, 1889,
t. 1301.

Pear Charles Delatin, Bull. d'Arboriailture,
April, 1889.

Rfdbecria laciniata, Garden and Forest, June 12,
1889.

Tigridia Pringi.ei, Gartcnflora , June 15, p. 321,
woodcut.

Tillandsia streptopiivlla, Gartcnflora, June,
abb. 48.

Tdlipa Dammanni, Gartcnflora, t. 1300, f. 1.

Urceolixa penddla, Bull, Soc. Toso. di Orticidf,
June.

Vriesia Alberti X , Revue A/berti, July (out of
Vriesia incurvata by V. Morreniana).

Vriesia Magmsianax, Wittmaek, Garten Flora,
July 1889, p. 345, fig. 56 (= V. Bariletii X
fenestralis).

Vriesia Marit.x, Revue Horticole, July 1 (out of
V. Bariletii by V. brachystachys).

Foreign Correspondence.

THE GAHDENS OF THE PARIS EXPOSI-
TION.

From the time when the Exhibition was settled
on, commencements were made in preparing the
gardens. The plans were settled and determined in
August, 1887, and measures were at once taken for
levelling the ground, laying out the walks, the grass-
plots, the valleys, and the shrubberies. In October
and November of that year, earth was brought in,
and also the trees intended for the shrubberies and
for the grass plots. By the commencement of 1888,
there were definitely fixed in place more than 400
large trees of different kinds. This work was carried
on under the direction of M. Laforcarde, and the
constant supervision of M. Alphand. The Munici-
pality of Paris had at the Bois de Boulogne many
unique specimens, which they allowed to be
transported to the Champ de Mars, where they have
been much admired both by connoisseurs and the
general public. Among these trees are Maples,
Birch, Catalpas, Cytisus, loaded with yellow
flowers ; Walnuts, Mulberries, Poplars, Robinias
Service trees, Elms, silver Limes, and others.

There may be counted in the gardens more than
400 varieties of ornamental and forest trees, and
upwards of 600 varieties of shrubs of different
families. Seldom has there been met with, in
public grounds, so extensive a collection or such fine
specimens. And what trouble, and care, and pre-
caution were requisite in transporting these shrubs,
to plant and acclimatise them in this new soil. They
were to be seen carefully enveloped in straw, to
protect them from the cold, and in other instances
covered with immense cloths, to protect them from
too ardent heat of the sun.

And the grass plots. It was no easy matter to
have green lawns ready at the opening, in May, by
sowing grass seed. M. Laforcarde therefore formed
a vast lawn in the Park of Princes, capable of
furnishing for the grass plots and borders more than
30,000 square yards of green turf ready for placing.

The garden comprised between the Palace of Fine
Arts and that of the Liberal Arts measures about
10 acres. It is on one side surrounded by terraces
with balustrades, which are reached by vast flights
of steps. At foot of these balustrades are borders
of Rhododendrons, which, when in full bloom, were
the admiration of all visitors ; and at different dis-
tances are planted superb Magnolias, which will
shortly be in flower.

On the terraces are placed sixty Palms, 5 or 6 yards-
high, exhibited by Messrs. Besson Brothers, of Nice,
and seldem has there been seen in Paris such a fine
collection of specimens of Charmcrops excelsa.

The centre of the garden is occupied by a vast
grass-plot, with borders and groups of shrubs and
flowers, which will be from time to time renewed,
according to the season, until the close of the
Exhibition.

Above this garden is another one, stretching from
the galleries of various industries to the central
dome, which measures 6 acres. In the centre is a
great carpet of flowers, between the two Pavilions of
the city of Paris, surrounded by shrubs and climbing
plants ; rows of Plane trees, planted more than -a

July 20, 1389.]

THE GAB DE NEBS' CHRONICLE.

year ago, and very vigorous, are found between the
galleries of the restaurants and the Pavilions of the
city of Fari9, which form promenades.

It required two such competent authorities as M.
Alphand and M. Laforcarde to arrange these matters
in their right place, to construct good points of
view, to consider the general effect, and to arrest
and retain the sight by a thousand seductions. The
gardens of the Champ de Mars form one of the great
successes of the Exhibition, and the public are
greatly indebted to the organisers for having pro-
duced such a profusion of verdure, groves, flowers,
and shade by means of healthy trees — not scattered
and dying as in 1S78.

The rapidity with which the damage done by the
public to the turf, grass plots, and flower beds on
crowded days, when frequently 200,000 are present,
is, repaired, and the debris of paper, &c, removed,
is marvellous, for although efforts at protection
have been made by wire and posts, still in the
evening, when the illumination of the gardens takes
place, notwithstanding the force of guardians and
police, visitors will trespass on to the beds and
seat themselves on the turf to have a good view of
the illuminated fountains, and the effects of the play
of the electric light from the Eiffel Tower. It is
unnecessary to describe here the other grand attrac-
tions of the gardens, in statuary, pretty little edifices,
and the plants surrounding the separate American
buildings, the whole forming a park full of novelty
and attraction, and a model for future exhibitions.
Our own Correspondent.

Berlin Notes.

The results of the abnormally hot weather expe-
rienced at Berlin during May and June (during Mav
the average temperature was over 66° F., which is
above the usual average for July) may now be seen.
Horse Chestnuts and Lime trees look as they
usually look in October ; the foliage is brown, and
already the leaves are falling. Also Acers (espe-
cially A. dasycarpum) have quite an autumnal
appearance. This A. dasycarpum, though a highly
ornamental tree, gives the gardener much work,
as the leaves begin to fall a few weeks after
they are out, and the ground under the trees has to
be constantly swept — sometimes twice a day. The
falling of the leaves of Horse Chestnut and Lime is
a proof that all plants need for growth and develop-
ment a certain definite degree of warmth, and that
the period of time required for the purpose is rela-
tively immaterial, so long as they get what they want.
Thus only can the present fall of the leaves be
explained, as this year we have had both warmth
and moisture. The result of these conditions will
certainly be that all trees whose growth for the year
is now completed, will this season have a second
growth ; Horse Chestnuts, for instance, are already
beginning to put out young shoots.

The Wheat harvest began this year in the neigh-
bourhood of Berlin on June 27. This is a month
earlier than usual. The straw is short and poor,
but the ears are plentiful and fine.

Some weeks ago I saw in a private garden a Phi-
ladelphus in full bloom, but bearing only female
flowers. The pistil in each instance was very large ;
usually there were no stamens, and if these were
developed they were petaloid, having no anthers.
The petals were large, and both sides were incurved ;
the calyx often more or less petaloid. I noticed
that I could not find — though I examined many
hundreds of flowers — a single hermaphrodite one.
It might be said that, in almost all cases, there were
only three flowers forming each inflorescence.

It is known that there are amongst Hoses
myrmerophile forms? Some time ago I had an
opportunity of making this interesting observation.
In the Rose beds in a friend's garden, I found most
of the leaves destroyed by caterpillars, only some
three or four bushes having escaped. Closer inspec-
tion showed that the twigs of these were quite
brown with ants. The cause of this was that the
leaves had at the base, at each side, some five or six
glandular hairs, which supplied the ants with a good

deal of nectar. I observed the ants sucking this
nectar, and the phenomenon was explained. I may
say, that I could not find any aphides on these
plants. Unfortunately, I cannot say what the variety
of Rose was ; all I know is, that it was a dark red
perpetual. I may say also, that the petiole had a
great many little glands and glandular hairs.

As you know, petalody of the stamens is a very
rare occurrence in Composit;c. I am happy to say
that I found in Rudbeckia californica a good many
ray-flowers whose stamens were more or less petaloid.
These examples were entire on the upper (inner)
surface, on the under-surface roughly toothed, and
with some long hairs at the base. The margins
were more or less incurved.

In one of the last issues of Gardeners' Chronicle it
was stated that " Professor Urban had been appointed
Director of the Berlin Botanic Garden." This is
not the case. Though Professor Eichler died
twenty-eight months ago, up to the present time it
has been found impossible to select a successor.
This may be due to the fact that the Professorship
of the University is now separated from the Direc-
torship of the Botanic Garden. Professor Urban is
said to have obtained the latter position, but until
now he has not been appointed. This interregnum
is bad for the garden. Some six years ago it was
proposed to construct new plant-houses, as almost
all are so old and bad that they need a great deal of
repairing every year. But, so long as we have no
Director, the houses must remain as they are. From
our Berlin Correspondent.

Nursery Notes.

MESSRS. J. VEITCH & SON'S TRIAL
GROUNDS, CHISWICK.

In these admirably kept grounds a comprehensive
collection of vegetables is on trial this season. A
good collection of Lettuces was in capital trim at
the time of our call recently, and the following notes
upon them may not prove uninteresting: —

Sixty-seven lots of Cabbage varieties, comprising
forty-eight varieties, were on trial. Golden Queen
is a remarkably pleasing pale golden variety. It is
very early, small and compact, and literally all
heart.

Perfect Gem well maintains its high character of
not running early to seed, and once more proves
invaluable in a season like the present. It is a
medium early variety, of fair size, of a rich deep
refreshing green colour, with solid heart like a
cricket-ball, and remains a long time fit for use, being
one of the most desirable varieties for summer use.

Lee's Nerveuse and Hammersmith, as also Stan-
stead Park, do not stand long when spring sown, but
do much better autumn sown. Paris Market, in the
way of Grand Admiral, is a little smaller, and much
earlier. This is very largely grown around Paris for
the French and English markets. Tom Thumb is a
fine true dwarf stock, and an excellent well known
sort, but has to be kept carefully selected, or it is
liable to run out. All the Year Round, for general
use, and a variety to rely on, wants a lot of beating ;
good and true, lioyal Albert, a little larger than
Drumhead, and a little more crisped, is a fine large
summer variety.

Grosse Paresseuse, recently certificated, is a good
late variety, tender, and a good firm-hearted sort ;
one of the best. The spotted and dark- coloured
varieties, although some are good sorts, are not
taking in appearance, and are not generally ap-
proved of.

Cos Lettuce : thirty-six lots, comprising twenty-
one varieties. For general summer use, a good type
of the Paris White Cos is still the best, and this
showed itself prominently in Veitch's White, which
for size and beauty was conspicuous amongst all
the others. The plants were strong and sturdy, with
broad leaves incurving towards the centre, making a
solid compact heart, with little waste ; altogether
the beau ideal of a Lettuce for the garden. London
White may be a trifle earlier than Paris White, but
has narrower, more pointed leaves, and is not such a

good variety. Bath Black-seeded, a fine true stock
of one of the best sorts for spring or autumn sowing,
growing to a large size, and having a particularly
fine nutty flavour.

Hicks' Hardy White, so seldom seen true, is a
carefully selected and improved stock of the original
stock sent out. It is a little later, giving a fine suc-
cession to the forms of Paris White Cos ; grows to a
large size, and remains a long time fit for use ; also
a great recommendation is its suitability for spring
or autumn sowing.

Paris Green and Paris Grey, or Sutton's White
Heart, also looked very well, the latter being inter-
mediate between the green and the white.

Peas. — 146 lots are on trial this season. Dr.
Hogg, Veitch's selected stock, is a remarkably early
selection of an uniform dark green colour and level
growth. It is considerably earlier and dwarfer than
the usual trade samples grown by the side of it from
various firms for comparison, and has also the
advantage of bringing in its crop almost altogether,
so that a good pulling can be got at first picking, it is
therefore good for market growers, and by the time
it ceases to bear well other varieties are ready.
Undoubtedly this fine variety will be more grown, as
it is the earliest wrinkled marrow variety, being
ready for picking on June 17 this season, and this
on the cold heavy soil at Chiswick. It is a good
cropper, and a marrow variety of delicious flavour —
a great point in early Peas — with pods large and
well-filled. Veitch's Extra Early is a fine selected
stock of first early round white Peas, dwarfer than
the old varieties, such as Dickson's First and Best
Sangster's No. 1, &c, and earlier than any other Pea
in the same way.

Chelsea Gem is another good and useful sort ; it is
only a few inches taller than American Wonder,
quite as early, but with pods nearly twice as long,
and more curved, which are well-filled. This is also
a marrow variety of excellent quality. For growing
in pots, or without sticks, this is much the best
variety, as the crop is about twice the quantity of
any other very dwarf sort.

Regarding flowers, a good collection of Asters is
on trial. These we may refer to in their season.
Poppies, too, are extensively grown, and are ex-
tremely beautiful. Great pains are being taken to
secure some good double forms of these deservedly
popular subjects. .V.

Florists' Flowers.

THE AURICULA.
At this season of the year, with great pressure
from work of all kinds, it is difficult to give the
attention such subjects as show Auriculas need ;
still it is not wise to neglect them, the present being
the time when the foundation of future excellence
is laid. The plants are completing their growth, and
much care is necessary to prevent their running out
into autumn bloom. The only precaution that can
be taken is to give them ample ventilation ; in fact,
the plants ought to be as much as possible out-of-
doors, which is best done by removing the lights
altogether, except when it rains heavily, and then
all the ventilation possible must be afforded them.
The specimen plants, which will be those that
produce the finest blooms in the spring, are those
which are the most likely to flower in the autumn,
and which would have the effect of injuring next
year's prospects. These plants should not receive
any more water at the roots than is required to
preserve the leaves from wilting ; for over-watering,
or even what most people would think is just enough
water, might cause these plants to bloom unseason-
ably. The plants of medium size require much the
same treatment ; indeed, in some cases these plants
will produce better trusses than the larger plants.
As an illustration of this fact, I refer to George
Lightbody, one of the best known, and really the
leading variety in cultivation, as one that gives the
best trusses from young medium-sized plants.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Joly 20, 1889.

Horner's Heroine, certainly the best self yet raised,
always produces the best trusses from youDg medium-
sized plants. On the other hand, the Key. F. D.
Horner, green edge, gives the best trusses from large
plants ; so also does Acme, white edge ; but Con-
servative always produces the largest trusses and
most perfect flowers from young plants. To get
acquainted with these peculiarities of varieties requires
considerable experience, and it is a most interesting
study, so much do these differ from each other, the
differences being easily detected by the florist by the
leaves and by the flowers.

Whilst paying attention to these, the careful culti-
vation of the smallest plants must not be neglected,
and if they are confined in small pots for too long a
period of time, they become stunted, and not only
is time lost, but the plants never make such robust
plants when they have been seriously checked in
growth. Probably the reason why the owners of
small gardens, who also cultivate their own flowers,
succeed with the Auricula and kindred subjects
better than the average gardener in their cultivation
is, that they give their attention to one, or two, or
three subjects at the most, whereas the gardener is
overburdened with his often multifarious duties.
There is now the work of repotting the old plants
from which seeds are just ripening to be done, also
the potting of all the smaller plants requiring it, and
of seedlings that were raised from seeds sown last
year. Seeds as they ripen should be sown, being
■careful to make note of the various crosses. Place
labels to them, with the date of saving and sowing
the seeds, and note the time of the vegetating of the
seeds, &c. It is very desirable to have a supply of
the best potting soil of uniform good quality always
in readiness. J. Douglas.

The Cineraria.

July is the proper month in which to sow seeds of
Cinerarias to flower next year, and choice varieties
may be increased by division. Avoid artificial heat
at this season, but do not place the seed pots out-of-
doors, as drying winds on the one hand are about
«qually injurious as dashing rains on the other ;
but place the pots under a handlight or frame on
the shade side of a hedge, or wall, until the plants
are large enough to prick off. They will grow very
rapidly if placed in a suitable position, and be kept
uniformly moist. The young plants require to be
•carefully handled, the leaves being very brittle and
break off, or the stem snaps in two. The leaves of the
Calceolaria are similar to these in brittleness, and
require equal care to keep them in good condition ;
and not only are the plants more beautiful when
the leaves are perfect, but the flowers are liner than
is the case when the leaves are injured. Cinerarias
do best in frames in summer and autumn until cold
weather sets in, when they should be moved to a
light greenhouse ; the leaves are more easily in-
jured by frosts than those of the Calceolarias. I
have taken the offsets from selected and named
varieties, and planted them in threes and fours .
round the edges of large CO's. It would be better,
perhaps, had each been placed in a suitable sized
pot, as repotting in larger pots is done without
check. Like most rapidly-growing herbs, the soil
should be rather light and rich in its nature ; but
stimulating artificial manures should be avoided
in the early stages of growth, as the leaves pro-
duced are thin, large, and flabby. The point to
be aimed at is the obtaining of dwarf plants well
furnished with stiff foot-stalk, and healthy rather
brittle foliage. The plants are brought to this con-
dition stage, by being placed near the glass in a
light airy house. They must be kept free from
greenfly and thrips by fumigation, and from mildew
attacks by dusting the leaves with flowers-of-
sulphur. The soil at the roots must never become
very dry ; on the other hand, it must be kept moist
without having so much water as would cause it to
become sour. There is no need to give a large
amount of root-room, and the largest exhibition
specimens flower freely in 8-inch pots ; but perhaps
the most useful of plants are those in 7 and even

6-inch ones. The culture of the choicer Cinerarias
from seeds cannot be too highly recommended, but
where they are recommended to amateurs, the usual
reply is, that it is impossible to grow them owing
to their being so liable to be attacked by " blight,'
another name for greenfly. This is so, but there is
no difficulty in getting rid of this pest on its first
appearance. When the plants are seriously attacked
by it, the leaves are so much'crumpled up that the fly
cannot be exterminated, and in spite of much fumi-

Fig. 13.— prolified flower of rosa berberidifolia.

gation with that intent, the plants generally lack
vigour. Monthly fumigation of the house or pit will
usually keep the plants clean. •/. Douglas.

ROSA BERBERIDIFOLIA.

Before this curious Rose, which has been so suc-
cessfully grown by the Assistant Curator at Kew,
and by Mr. Ewbank, passes once more into tempo-
rary oblivion, it may be well to add that, like other
Roses, it is subject to prolification. Mr. Watson
sends us a flower in which the receptacular tube (the
haw) is absent, but in which the stem of the plant is
prolonged through the centre of the flower (fig. -13).
In endeavouring to come to some conclusion as to
the facts, and in the attempt to reconcile some of the
widely different views as to the real nature of the foliage
and stipules of this plant (see ante, p. 8 and 9, July 0),
we naturally endeavoured to find a figure or descrip-
tion of an ordinary seedling Rose, feeling sure that
it would throw some light on the peculiarities of the
Persian Rose. But this is just one of those common
things that do not get into books ; at any rate, after
searching in vain for any account of the charactei s
of a seedling Rose, we applied to Messrs. W. Paul
& Son for some seedlings, with which they kindly
supplied us. Among them we found what we wanted.
In the seedling in question, figured at p. 79, fig. 14, ^ e
found the first-formed leaf, subsequent to the two coty-
ledons, presenting, as we expected it would do, almost
precisely the conditions of R. berberidifolia, and con-
firming the view that arrested growth is the real
cause of the appearance in question. Here the first
leaf has a petiole without apparent stipules, and a
solitary leaflet at the end, just as in berberidifolia,
while the subsequently formed leaves exhibit a
gradual transition to the adult condition.

It is highly probable that the small amount of
leaf-surface in R. berberidifolia is a provision for
diminishing the evaporating or transpiring surface
in the hot burning climate in which the plant grows.

A HYBRID CATALPA. — Professor Sargent
describes and figures a hybrid Catalpa, which he
calls Catalpa J. C. Teas x , and which was acci-
dentally produced in the nursery of Mr. J. C.
Teas, between the Japanese C. Ka-mpferi and the
North-east American C. bignonioides, or possibly
C. speciosa.

LIST OF GARDEN ORCHIDS.

(Continued from vol. v., p. 802.)

S2a. Brasso-Cattleya x , Rolfe, in Gard. Chron.,
1889, i., p. 437. — A name proposed to dis-
tinguish the following supposed hybrid between
the two genera, Cattleya and Brassavola.

(1.) B. X Lindleyana, Rolfe, in Gard.
Chron., 1889, i., p. 437. Cattleya Lindleyana,
Rchb. f., in Berl. Garten:.. 1857, p. 118; Dot.
Mag., t. 5449 ; Rchb. f., -Yen. Orch., ii., t. 135.
Bletia Lindleyana, Rchb. f., A'en. Orch., ii., p.
05, also p. 135. Lielia Lindleyana, Veitch,
Man. Orch. PL, pt. 2, p. 73. — Brazil. Intro-
duced by M. Linden from the Province of
Santa Catherina, and flowered in 1857. In
the place above cited, I have pointed out the
probability of its being a natural hybrid
between Cattleya intermedia and Brassavola
tuberculata.
32n. L/elio-Cattleya x , Rolfe, in Journ. Linn. Soc,
xxiv., p. 168. — A name proposed to distin-
guish the hybrids between the genera Cat-
tleya and Lselia.

(1.) L. x amanda X , Rolfe, in Gard. Chron.,
1889, i., 802. Lielia Amanda x , Rchb. f., in
Gard. Chron., 1882, ii., p. 776; Warn, and
Will., Orch. Alb., t. 135. 'Cattleya Roths-
childiana, Hort., ex Warn, and Will., Orch.
Alb., sub t. 135. — Brazil. Introduced by Mr.
William Bull, and flowered in 1882. Its sup-
posed parents are Cattleya intermedia and
Lajlia crispa, or possibly L. lobata, which
seems the more probable, because of the
absence of yellow on the disc of the lip.

(2.) L. x Amesiana X, Rolfe, in Journ.
Linn. Soc, xxiv., p. 169. Lcslia Amesiana X ,
Rchb. f., in Gard. Chron., 1884, i., 109;
Warn, and Will., Orch. Alb., t.253.— A hybrid
raised by Mr. Seden, for Messrs. Veitch, from
Lselia crispa ? and Cattleya maximal . One
of the most beautiful of artificial hybrids.

(3.) L. x bella, Rolfe, in Journ. Linn. Soc,
xxiv.,p.l69;alsol888,i.,p.361. Lielia bella >. ,
Rchb. f, in Gard. Chron., 1884, i., p. 174.— A
hybrid raised by Mr. Seden, for Messrs.
Veitch, from Lielia purpurata £ and Cattleya
labiata ( vera) $ . A very handsome plant.

(4.) L. x cali.istoglossa, Rolfe, in Journ.
Linn. Soc, xxiv., p. 169. Lielia callisto-
isax, Rchb. f., in Gard. Chron., 1882, i.,

July 20, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS1 CHRONICLE.

p. 76 ; Warn, and Will., Orch. Alb., t. 235 ;
Veitch, Man. Orch. PL, pt. 2, p. 94, with fig.
— A hybrid, raised by Mr. Seden for Messrs.
Veitch, from Ladia purpurata 2 and Cattleya
labiata var. Warscwiczii 6* . Flower very
large, and lip very richly coloured. One of
the finest of artificial hybrids.

(5.) L. x caloglossa. Lcelia caloqlossa x ,
Kchb. f., in Gard. Chron., 1877, i., p. 202- A
hybrid raised by Mr. Dominy, for Messrs.
Veitch, from Cattleya labiata (vera) 2 . and
Lailiacrispa, or L. lobata $. Professor Reich-
enbach thinks the latter more probable. 1 have
not seen it.

(6.) L. x Canhamiana, Rolfe, in Journ. Linn.
Soc, xxiv.. p. 169. Lielia Canhamiana x ,
Rchb. f., in Gard. Chron., 1885, ii., p. 6.— An
enfant trouir, raised in Messrs. Veitch's
establishment, whose parentage is supposed
to be Ladia purpurata and Cattleya labiata
var. Mossiae. It is not known which was
the seed-parent.

(7.) L. X Cassandka, Rolfe, in Gard. Chron.,
1889, i., p. 491. Cattleya Cassandra x , Rolfe,
in Gard. Chron., 18S8, ii., p. 596. — A hybrid
raised by Mr. Seden, for Messrs. Veitch, from
Cattleya Loddigesii 2 and Ladio-Cattleya x
elegans, so that it has three parts Cattleya
and one part Ladia in its parentage.

(8.) L. X Digbyana-Mossi-h, Rolfe, in
Gard. Chron., 18S9, i., p. 742. Lielia Digby-
ana x Motsia, Veitch, Gard. Chron., 1889,
i., p. 630, also pp. 652, 657, 65S, fig. Ill ;
Gardening World, 1889, p. 613, with fig. — A
hybrid, raised by Mr. Seden, for Messrs.
Veitch, from Cattleya labiata var. Mossia; 2
and Lrelia Digbyana $ . It is a most beautiful
plant, and may prove to be the forerunner of
a race with fringed flowers.

(9.) L. x Dominiana. La>lia Dominiana x ,
Rchb. f., in Gard. Chron., 1878, ii., p. 332;
Fl. Mag., n.s., t. 325. L. Dominiana rosea,
Veitch, Gard. Chron., 1881, ii., p. 53, also p.
108. — A hybrid raised by Mr. Dominy, for
Messrs. Veitch, but whose parentage seems
somewhat uncertain. Prof. Reichenbach re-
marks, " a cross between Cattleya Dowiana
and some Lielia, probably elegans," while
Messrs. Veitch, in their Manual, suggest
Cattleya labiata var. Mossia; as the
second parent. Mr. J. Douglas remarks of
the variety rosea, that it was " from seed
obtained from Cattleya exoniensis crossed
with Cattleya Dowiana;" while Messrs. Veitch
suggest Cattleya Dowiana and Ladia purpu-
rata. My own impression is that the parents
were Cattleya Dowiana and Lielia lobata in
the former, if not in both cases. Such a
parentage would account for both the unequal
pollinia, and the deep rich colour of the
segments.

(10.) L. x Dormaniana. Lrrlia Dormaniana
X , Rchb. f., in Gard. Chron., 1880, i., p. 168 —
Brazil. A supposed natural hybrid, between
Cattleya bicolor and Ladia pumila. It was
discovered near Rio de Janeiro, at 1500 — 2000
feet elevation, by Mr. Henry Blunt, who sent
plants to Mr. Henry Bullen, at Lewisham. It
first flowered in the collection of Mr. C.
Dorman.at Sydenham, in the spring of 1880.

(11.) L. X elegans, Rolfe, in Gard. Chron.,
1889, i., p. 619. Cattleya elegans, Ch.
Morr., in Ann. de Gaud., iv., p. 93, t.
185; Hot. Mag., t. 4700; Pescatorca, i.,
t. 23; III. Hort., t. 402. Lielia elegans,
Rchb. f., in Otto and Dietr., Allg. Garten:.,
1855, p. 242; Puydt, Orch., t. 21. Blctia
elegans, Rchb. f., in Walp.. Ann. Hot., vi.,
p. 427. L<elia Brysiana. Lem., in III. Hort.,
1857, t. 134. — Brazil. Discovered in 1847 on
the island of Santa Catherina, by Devos, and
introduced into the establishment of the late
M. Ambrose Verschaffelt, of Ghent, where it
flowered in the following year. Though at
first described as a genuine species, it was
soon suspected to be a natural hybrid between
Cattleya guttata and Ladia purpurata, and
there seems every reason to believe this is its
real parentage. Numerous varieties, evidently
derived from the same two species, have since
received distinctive names, and these are here
included. A few others, however, which have
been described, are as clearly derived from
Cattleya intermedia and Ladia purpurata,
and these are enumerated under Ladio-Cat-
tleya X Schilleriana, for it seems undesirable

that hybrids of different parentage should
be included under the same name, and Ladia
Schilleriana, which appeared in 1855, seems
to be the earliest name applied to this hybrid.
L. X elegans is extremly variable, botli in the
form and colour of its flowers, and a number
of forms have received distinctive names.
Some of these are very distinct, but others I
have not seen, and it appears to me that
varieties might be multiplied indefinitely were
every slight variation to receive a distinctive
name, for scarcely any two individuals seem
exactly alike. The following are the varieties
in question : —
Lielia elegans var. Bluntii, Rchb. f., in Bot. Zeit.,

FIG. H. — SEEDLING ROSE, SHOWING THE HI Ivl.ltxiN*.

AND THE TRANSITION FROM SIMPLE TO COMPOUND
LEAVES, ETC. (SEE P. 73.)

1864, p. 298 (in note). Blctia elegans var.

Bluntii, Rchb. f.. in Bot. Zeit., 1864, p. 298.
L. elegans var. Dayana, Rchb., in Bot. Zeit.,

l'SG4, p. 298 (in note). Blctia clri/ans var.

Dayana, Rchb. f., in Bot. Zeit., 1864, p. 298.
It. eleqans var. qiqantea, Williams, Gard. Chron.,

1870, p. 1125 ;' Veitch, Man. Orch. PL, pt. 2,

p. 67. L. qiqantea. Warn., ex Proc. Boy.

Hort. Soc, U. (1862), p. 247; Warn., Sel.

Orch., ser. 1, t. G. — From the spotted segments

it is probable that Cattleya guttata var.

Prinzii was one of the " parents."
L. elegans var. Houtteana, Rchb. f„ in Hamh.

Garten:., xvi. (1860), p. 281 ; IJndcnia, t. 71.
L. elegans var. incantans, Rchb. f., in Gard.

Chron., 1887, ii., p. 533.

L. elegans var. Littlcana, Little, Hogg's Gar-
deners'Year-Book, 1886, p. 65.— Messrs. Veitch
make this synonymous with var. Turneri, but
from a photograph received from Mr. Little, I
think it distinct. The shape of the lip is very
different.

L. elegans var. lobata, Rchb. f., in Gard. Chron.,
1869, p. 1158.

L. elegans var. Mcasuresiana, Rchb. f., in Gard.
Chron., 1887, i., p. 209.

L. elegans var. Morrcniana, Rchb. f., ex. Warn,
and Will., Orch Alb., t. 331.

L. elegans var. Nyleptha, O'Brien, in Gard.
Chron., 1888, i., p. 178, with plate.

L. elegans var. picta, Rchb. f., in Gard. Chron.,
1884, i., p. 140.

L. elegans var. platydtila, Rchb. f., in Gard.
Chron., 1885, ii., p. 134.

//. elegans var. prasiata, Rchb. f., in Bot. Zeit.,
1864, p. 298 (in note) ; Warn, and Will., Orch.
-Lib., t. 97. Blctia elegans var. prasiata,
Rchb. f., in Bot. Zeit., 1864, p. 298.

L. elegans var. prasiata indica, Rchb. f., in
Gard. Chron., 1883, i., p. 11.

L. eleqans var. Tautziana, Rchb. f., in Gard,
Chron., 1888, i., p. 330.

L. elegans var. Turneri, Veitch, Man. Orch. PL,
pt. 2, p. 67. L. Turneri, Warn., Sel. Orch.,
ser. 1, t. 12.

L. eleqans var. Wolstenholmiie, Rchb. f., in Gard.
Chron., 1865, p. 698 ; Warn., Sel. Orch., ser. 2,
t. 29 ; Warn, and Will., Orch. Alb., t. 285.—
The shape of the lip is very different from
that of any other variety, approaching very
closely L. purpurata. It may have arisen
from the reversed cross.

L. pachystelc, Rchb. f., in Gard. Chron., 1888, ii.,
p. 596. — Growth of a middle-sized Loelia
elegans ; flowers twice a year. Flowers equal
to those of a rather good Laelia elegans.
Pollinia very unequal. Only known to me by
the description, but, from the above extracts,
it would appear to come in this group. E. A.
Rolfe, Hrborium, Kcw.

(To be continued.)

Home Correspondence.

, ' Correspondents will greatly oblige by sending early
intelligence of local events likely to be of interest ot
our readers, or of any matters which it is desirable to
bring under the notice of horticulturists.
Photographs or drawings of gardens, or of remarkable
plants, flowers, trees, <£c., are also solicited.

HYBRID NARCISSUS— I am sending to Kew,
where I hope it will get more notice than in my
remote garden, a very interesting hybrid Narcissus,
which has more than once been mentioned in the
Gardeners' Chronicle. It is between N. muticus
(Gay) and N. juncifolius — one of the largest and
coarsest of the Trumpet Daffodils, and one of the
smallest of the rush-leaved section. Indeed, when
we find such a cross we may fairly presume that any
Narcissus will, under favourable conditions, produce
hybrids with any other Narcissus. There can be no
doubt that this is a hybrid ; it was discovered by Mr.
Henry Buxton near Gavarnie (Pyrenees), about ten
years ago, and I have since received two or three small
consignments from the same neighbourhood. They
are found scattered sparingly where the parents grow
and flower together. No other species of Narcissus
occurs within many miles. The flowers vary a good
deal, thus showing their independent origin. The
bulbs, when growing wild, are about the size of a
large Crocus bulb, but grow to three or four times
that size in cultivation. The flowers, which are
intermediate in size and form, between those of the
parents, are generally three on each scape. The
plant is more hardy than N. juncifolius — in fact, as
hardy as a common Daffodil. Though I have cul-
tivated it in some numbers for several years, I have
never been able to find a good seed. C. Wolley Dod.

STRAWBERRY " NOBLE." — Although not thinking
very highly of the flavour of this Strawberry, it will, I
think, be valuable on account of its earlinessand fine
appearance, as fruit of it is very large, and I find it
ripens several days in advance of King of the Earlies,
alongside of which I have had it growing this sea-
son, so that the test is a fair one, as both are on the
same border, and equally exposed to the sun. Not

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 20, 1889.

only is Noble a fine-looking, showy Strawberry, but
it is a free bearer, for though my plants are only last
year's late runners, and consequently small, they
have sent up plenty of bloom, and 1 hear it is a good
one for forcing. This I can readily believe, as the
flowers are large and bold, with pistils and anthers
promiuent, and they therefore ought to set well. If
so, it will be a market Strawberry, and being
tolerably firm, it ought to be one that will pack and
travel well without bruising. ■/. S.

SHRUBBY CALCEOLARIAS. — It was refreshing to
see, at the meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society
held at Chiswick, an attempt made by Mr. Brown, of
Handsworth, Birmingham, once more to popularise
the shrubby Calceolaria. Mr. Brown comes of a
good stock. His father before him made a considerable
reputation as a raiser and cultivator of Calceolarias,
and his son has boldly entered upon what is now an
almost untrodden floricultural path, and is endea-
vouring to improve the few varieties of shrubby
Calceolarias which yet remain to us. From an old
variety named Cole's Gem he obtained a little seed,
and from this seed he raised one named Sir Rowland,
yellow, with dark spots, and a few others. Seed
from these gave the varieties Mr. Brown exhibited
at Chiswick on the 9th inst.,and I think they deserved
more attention than they appeared to have received.
All of Mr. Brown's new strains have the true shrubby
habit, and they are persistent in blooming ; and in
this respect— and certainly not one of the least
importance — they have a great advantage over those
of the herbaceous type. Besides, Mr. Brown says
that they make excellent bedders, standing the
weather well, and flowering freely and continuously.
The leading varieties shown by Mr. Brown were Sir
Garnet, crimson-maroon, slightly spotted with
yellow ; Cossack, bronzy-crimson, spotted with
yellow ; Ethel Brown, orange -red, blotched and
spotted with yellow ; Arthur West, gold, with
crimson markings ; Strawberry, orange-red, with
slight golden reticulations ; Negro, rich crimson-
maroon ; Her Majesty, maroon, reticulated with
gold ; Cluster, in the same way, but having more
yellow — quite distinct ; The Shah, crimson-maroon,
reticulated with gold ; Phenomenal, carmine, with
dark lines, and slight golden markings — large ;
Buffalo Bill, rich maroon, reticulated with gold ; and
some seedlings. Most of the foregoing had flowered
for the first time, and all had the stout, stocky,
growth, peculiar to the shrubby section. The
size of a few of the flowers appeared to me to be
particularly encouraging. Of our finest strains of
herbaceous Calceolarias in the present day, it can
truly be said that not only are the flowers large,
coarse, and baggy, but their constitutional vigour
has deteriorated. I think these shrubby varieties
can be made of great service. What is wanted is,
that someone should take them up, and without in
any way, if it can possibly be avoided, weakening the
habit of growth, endeavor to secure enlargement and
variety in the flowers, and especially keep in view one
main quality too much neglected in the present day
— that of form. I do not see, having regard to the
already marked improvement in the direction of
size seen in Phenomenal and two or three others of
Mr. Brown's seedlings, why in a very few generations
of other seedlings there should not be a striking
advance in the direction of increase of size. B. D.

STRAWBERRY BRITISH QUEEN.— In this age
of novelties some of the old and best-flavoured
of our Strawberries are apt to be overlooked.
Such was our impression when going through the
well-managed kitchen garden at The Deepdene,
Dorking, with Mr. Burnett, recently. Here most of
the newer sorts are represented, some having size to
commend them, others colour; some were prolific
croppers, while enrliness recommended others. For
the market, where appearance is nearly everything,
the well-known Sir J. Paxton is highly esteemed,
although that kind at its best is only second-rate, has
a fine appearance, and, above all, the necessary firm-
ness, which makes a good carrying berry. After
testing many varieties, I found none of the new
comers have the exquisitely fine flavour of British
Queen, which, taken together with its good form and
fair cropping qualities (indeed, we have frequently
seen it crop heavily), has thus all the attributes of a
first-class Strawberry, especially the flavour, which,
after all, is more what we grow Strawberries for than
mere size, unless for market purposes, when of course
the public taste must be catered for (!) ; but in
private gardens flavour ought to be the first con-
sideration, and in the old British Queen this will
be difficult to beat. F. R. [Unfortunately the British

Queen is particular as to soil, and is not very hardy,
aad in every season but a very exceptionally warm
one the tip of the fruit remains green or nearly so.
Planted on a south border, at wide distances apart,
the plants, say, 2} to 3 feet, without the pernicious
intercropping of salading, Violets, and the like, which
rows standing wide apart always seem to tempt the
gardener into doing, the fruit will ripen off well
generally, and the crowns mature thoroughly, with-
out which they will prove miffey. Ed.]

SUMMER GROWTHS.— Although we have expe-
rienced what is with us too unfrequent — hot weather,
still growth in every direction seems to have been
good, and only on very shallow soils have roots felt the
drought. In spite of the warmth and the dry state
of the ground, vegetable crops seem to have held up
bravely, and the work of getting out the usual mil-
lions of winter green plants has gone on, some
planters watering as they went, some not so ; but now
having had a very heavy rainfall, everything put out
is rooted ; whilst everything being put out finds moist
soil, very warm and exciting to root action. The rain
has saved the early Potatos, and benefited the
late ones ; also the Peas, and has helped to
set the bloom on the Beans, for which we cannot
be too thankful, as the breadths are thin this year,
and every bloom had need to be fertile. While it is
a comparatively poor fruit grower's year, it promises
to be a very good one for the vegetable grower and
the farmer, for ground crops on the whole are ex-
cellent. Early Potatos are being got up clean and
good. Early Peas are cleared off, and the ground at
once replanted; and planting follows the Potatos.
Early sowings of Turnips have now a good prospect
for making a plant. We have had a fine time for
the destruction of weeds, and the soil generally is
clean. Fruit trees are making good growth, which will
with a fine autumn ripen well, and create great pro-
mise for next year. All sorts of hardy plants, even
Primroses, ^Polyanthuses, Violas? — all too readily
devoured by thrips — are green and vigorous, and
already making strong growth. The recent rains
have come at an excellent time, and should we
have fine weather later, a good many Chestnuts
will have been pulled out of the fire ; whilst, on
the other han>?, a wet autumn would be productive
of great disaster. So far, however, the season has
been a good one. A. D.

SPIR/EA PALMATA. — Nothing can exceed the
beauty of this Spiraea, which has been remarkably
fine with us this season, its massive violet-pink heads
of flowers being charming to see when the light
plays upon them. Those who have seen this plant
only when planted in dry borders, have no idea what
an altogether more beautiful object it is in places
that suit it. Like all the Meadow Sweets, it
delights in a moist soil, and in such the plant grows
well, and merely demands that the moisture be not
stagnant in the soil. Where our fine plants are
located is near to small water-courses, and there
they grow from .'j to 4 feet high, and produce
grand heads of bloom. For a time, rabbits and
hares were a bother to us, as they had a par-
tiality to the young shoots, and so we have guarded
the plants by placing a piece of wire netting round
each. With this lovely Spiraea to breed from, we
ought soon to have other forms, as no doubt this,
and such as S. japonica would cross ; besides, we
have the tall kinds, S. aruncus, S. arhefolia,
S. callosa, S. Douglasii, and sucli like to work at.
If they will interbreed, there exists a fine field for
the hybridist, as hardy flowering plants have always
a value far beyond many of those now grown with
trouble and expense under glass ; and to get a good
new variety might possibly be a great advantage to
the gardener. ./. S.

LATHYRUS DRUMMONDI. — I can find no de-
scription of a Pea of this name, nor even authority
for the name, which I had on a label in my garden
some years ago placed against L. rotundifolius
(Willd.), which is figured by Sweet (Entj. Fl.
Garden, series ii., t. 333), and described by E. Bois-
sier and others as a native of Transylvania and
South-Eastern Russia, as well as of Western Asia,
but no authority I can find mentions L. Drum-
mondi as a synonym. As regards L. Sibthorpii, of
which there seems to have been no portrait up to
1855 (see Pritzel's Index), I have in vain tried to
grow it as a hardy plant at Edge ; but at a flower
show near Chester, on July 11, a fine bunch of flowers
of it was exhibited amongst a collection of hardy
herbaceous flowers, and was the most striking
feature in all the hardy collections. I have wrongly

supposed this, from the name, to be from the
Levant, but " A. D." says it is Australian. I can
find no description of it. De Candolle does not
include it in his Prodromus. C. Wolley Bod, Edqe
Hall, July 13.

THE PHYSIC GARDEN, OXFORD.—'' Through
England on a Side-saddle in the Time of William
and Mary, being the Diary of Celia Fiennes."
(1888.) In this interesting Diary the following pas-
sage occurs : — " The Physick Garden " (at Oxford)
" afforded great diversion and pleaure ; the variety
of flowers and plants would have entertained one a
week. . . . There is also yc sensible plant. Take
but a Leafe between finger and thumb, aud squeeze
it, and it immediately Curies up together as if
pained, and after some tyme opens abroad again. It
looks in collour like a filbert Leafe, but much
narrower, and long. There is also the humble plant
that grows on a long, slender stalke, and do but
strike it, it falls flatt on yc ground, stalke and all, and
after some tyme revives againe, and stands up ; but
these are nice plants, and are kept mostly under
glass's, yc aire being too rough for them." What is
the latter plant mentioned 'i H. M. J'.

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL CERTIFICATES.— I beg
to throw out a suggestion, that in case of floral or
other certificates being awarded at our " horticultural
meetings," that the proposer, seconder, and even
voters' names should be published. This matter, I
notice, is always suppressed, and apparently it is of
no moment ; but I am convinced that not a few #
horticulturists would be pleased to see a step in the
indicated direction. These remarks of mine are •
due to my having read the report of this matter in
the last issue of the Gardeners' Chronicle, A. F,
Ujtstone.

THE SHIRLEY POPPIES. — If "A. D." wished to
pay an extra compliment to these Poppies — or
their raiser — he might have done so without the,
to say the least of it, somewhat paradoxical
method adopted at p. 19. That care will be
required to preserve and maintain the constancy of
the strain, see wljat the raiser says at p. 308 of the
last volume of the Gardeners' Chronicle, where he
says: — "I now get very few rogues, but still even-
year one or two will run back to the old black
blood, and nothing but patient perseverance in
destroying them will keep the strain pure." Thus
clearly enough, the raiser himself thinks that con-
tinued selection is still necessary to maintain the
constancy of the strain ; but " A. D." tacitly admits
as much, where, in a sentence farther on, he says : —
" We hardly know yet how much of beauty there
may be lying in this strain," which may fairly be
construed as implying that the strain is still in pro-
cess of evolution. Thus, although " A. D." cannot
comprehend why I should suggest anything as to
their inconstancy, yet he has no diffidence about
doing it himself. But be all this as it may, since
writing at p. 775 of last volume, I have had several
opportunities of seeing those Poppies under various
conditions, where bunches of selected flowers were
put up in the exhibition tent. They were the Shirley
Poppies, every inch of them, but when viewed in the
mass in the garden, much would be seen that could lay
no claim whatever to be called Shirley Poppies ; indeed,
in the Royal Horticultural Society's garden, where
there is a breadth on trial, we saw an eminent authority
cull from amongst them specimens of what he de-
clared was the type of their primeval progenitors —
this without a doubt proving that much care in
selecting seed will be necessary to maintain the
strain. And I sincerely hope that growers of seed
may give this matter the attention it requires. I
may also mention that in anotheV garden I saw a
large breadth of them, where matters were worse than
in the Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens ; close
to them there was also a breadth of the so-called P.
Hookeri, and it seemed to me that they were very
little removed from each other. Indeed, I have
noticed a slight tendency in fhe Shirrey towards
doubling, which if developed would simply give us
the double form of P. Hookeri. Without going
further into the matter, I venture to think there is
clear evidence that my remark anent their constancy
of character was perfectly justifiable — beautiful as
the Shirley Poppies are. F, B.

SLUGS. — Being engaged in collecting informa-
tion respecting the facilities possessed by slugs
(Limax aud Arion), for ascertaining the whereabouts
of their food, I beg to invite the co-operation of the
readers of the Gardeners' Chronicle. Any notes on

Juit 20, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

this subject with which I may be favoured will be
welcomed and carefully acknowledged. I should be
particularly glad to hear from bee-keepers as to
whether they are accustomed to see slugs entering
their hives. H. li'allis-Kew, 112, Hartley Road,
Stroud Green, London, N.

PROLIFICATION IN LILIUM AURATUM. — At
Alderley Edge last week I found among some plants
of L. auratum, which had evidently suffered from the
continuous drought, one very abnormal head of
flowers. In one flower, petals, sepals, and stamens
were all there, correct as to number and form, but
instead of the ovary with its single style, were,
seemingly, a dozen or more free carpels, each ter-
minated by a conspicuous style and stigma. Closer
examination showed me that the floral axis was
pushing out through the original three-celled ovary
(normal to all of the Lilv tribe), and in its unusual
growth it had separated the three carpels one from
another. These carpels so separated, and pushed to
one side by the extending axis, bore upon their
edges numerous ovules. This might be expected by
all who uphold the " carpellary theory," but what
strange freak was it which determined that all
the parts of the second flower, which in so uncere-
monious a manner poked through the centre
of the first, should be carpels each with style and
stigma, some even bearing ovules ? In the centre
of all, terminating the aggressive axis, was an ordi-
nary trilocular ovary, but the number of the abnormal
carpellary leaves surrounding it was not sufficient
to account for the six parts of the perianth and the
six stamens. Instead of twelve there were but nine.
Another flower showed the abnormality just about
to appear, in which the curious styles were just
pushing through the syncarpous ovary, which was
likely to be ruptured, as in the older flower. I do
not know whether this case of a further growth of
the axis when once the flowers had been formed
may be at all accounted for by anything in the un-
usual weather of the last few weeks ; but it is perhaps
worthy of note, that I had a few days previous been
struck with the widespread phenomenon of a second
growth at the ends of the branches of many of the
trees in the neighbourhood of Manchester. Such is
quite homologous, if of commoner occurrence. Philip
Sewell.

month. Rain fell on five days only. A few of the
more interesting plants in flower on the rock-garden
were : —

Societies.

EDINBURGH BOTANICAL.

July 11. — The last meeting of this session was
held in the class-room, Royal Botanic Garden, Dr.
Craig, President, in the chair.

Dr. Buchanan White communicated a critical
paper on the Willows in the University Herbarium,
which was illustrated by specimens. Professor T.
Fraser read an obituary notice of the late Professor
Dickson. Mr. A. Taylor communicated obituary
i notices of the late Churchill Babington, D.D., and
John Percy, M.D., F.R.S., both early members of the
Society.

The following is Mr. Lindsav's Report on Vegeta-
tion and Temperature in the Royal Botanic Garden
for June : —

"The past month of June has been one of the

finest recorded, the beneficial effects of which will

probably be felt more next season even than this.

Just as many of our garden plants are still suffering

1 from the bad effects of the previous cold summer, so

we may not expect to reap the full benefit of the

I splendid weather of the last two months till next

season. The foliage of all forest and ornamental

trees is now complete, and remarkably fine. Aphides,

caterpillar, and other insect pests have been very

! abundant, owing to the prolonged drought, and in

many parts of the country the leaves of Beech, Oak,

and Lime trees, have been very much injured by

their ravages ; here no serious damage has been done

as yet.

"Nearly all variegated plants have developed
: richly coloured leaves, Conifers being particularly
, bright. Generally speaking, flowers are less abun-
dant on most plants than usual. Elder seems to be
an exception here. A very large number of plants
came into flower in the rock-garden during June, no
fewer than 444 species and varieties having been
counted, many of which went quickly past out of
flower. The lowest night temperature was 35°, which
was recorded on the 11th of the month. Other low
readings were on the 5th, 40°; 6th, 42° ; 8th, 39° ;
• 13tb, 42°. The lowest day temperature was 56°, on
the 2nd ; and the highest 85°, on the 26th of the

Aodrosace foliosa
,, lanuginosa
,, ,, Leichtlini

Aquilefeia pyrenaioa

Cyananthus lobatus
Cypripediunl parvirlorum
Campanula Allioni
Edraianthus eaudatus

,, pumiliorum
Dianthus neglectus

„ superbus
Eriophorum alpinum
Exarrhena Lyallii
Gentiana lutea
Gillenia trifoliata
Leontopodium alpinum
Linaria origanifolia

-Mulgedium alpinum
Nardostachys Iatamansi
Orchis mieulata superba

,, foliosa
Oxalis braziliensis
Pentstemon pubescens

,, secundiflorus
Primula capitata
Rosa pyrenaica
Rhododendron ferrugineum

album
Ranunculus parnassifolius
Saxifraga odontophylla

,, valdensis
Saponaria ccespitosa
Senecio laxiflorus
Vella spinosa, &c."

From the garden a large number of insectivorous
plants were exhibited, amongst which were: —

Nepenthes Khasyana, N. Sarraeenia x Chelsoni
sanguinea ,, xMaddisoniana

,, X Mastersiana ,, x Mesoniana

„ Rafflesiana, N.Veitchii „ x Patersoui

,, xDicksouiana ,, x Flambeau

„ Rafflesiana, Chelsoni ,, xlllustrata

,, xEdinensis Darlingtonia californica

,, Curtisii Roridula dentata

„ xcylindrica Drosera binata

,, distillatoria ,, Burkei

„ ampullaria ,, eapillaris

„ xDormanniana „ dichotoma

,, xhybrida maculata ,, longifolia

Sarraeenia purpurea ,, capensis

,, Drummoudi ,, rotundifolia

,, flava ,, spathulata

„ ,, ornata. Prosophyllum lusitanicum

,, crispata DionaM muscipula

,, rubra Cephalotus follicularis

„ variolaris Pinguicula caudata

Mr. Bullen's was a similar report for the
Glasgow Botanic Garden for the same month, as
follows : —

On Temperature and Vegetation, <J-c, at the Botanic
Garden, Glasgow, for June. — This is the most tro-
pical-like month recorded here, not even excepting
the corresponding month of 1887, which was re-
markable for its great heat. A severe thunder-
storm was experienced on the afternoon of the 2nd.
Since then we have had no rain worth recording,
consequently all kinds of garden crops are suffering
from lack of moisture. Hardy shrubs recently trans-
planted, and those under the shade of large trees, are
suffering much. The strongest kinds of hardy her-
baceous plants have grown and bloomed remarkably
well on our heavy soil. Of the spring-sown annuals
few have germinated, and these have had a severe
struggle for life. The lowest night temperature
during the month was 38° on the night of the 10th,
but with this exception, the nights have been very
warm, varying from 45° to 53°.

On no one day or night has the temperature been
so high as recorded for some few days and nights
in June, 1887, but the heat has been more con-
tinuous, the thermometer in the sun having regis-
tered upwards of 100° on twenty days, the highest
reading being 129° on the 22nd. The temperature
in the shade at the same time was 78°.

PORTSMOUTH.

July 9. — The summer exhibition of the Chrysan-
themum Society of Portsmouth, is usually held with
the object of benefiting the local benevolent institu-
tions, took place in the Victoria Park, and so far as
the horticultural part of it was concerned it was re-
garded as being successful, and we hope that the
financial part of the undertaking was equally suc-
cessful, as it deserved to be.

Plants in pots formed the larger part of the objects
exhibited, and were shown in large numbers, making
as a whole an imposing display. The principal class
was that for twelve specimen plants, not less than half
of the number to be in bloom. In this competition
there were three entries : Mr. J. Cypher, of Chelten-
ham, was an easy 1st, with excellently flowered
plants, and foliage plants, which if not of the enor-
mous size sometimes shown by him, were fine objects
in robust health ; Latania borbonica, and Croton
Queen Victoria, especially the latter, being very
finely coloured, whilst the Allamandas — Hendersoni
and nobilis — Statice profusa, Erica Parmenteriana
and Ixora Williamaii, were freely flowered. Mr. E.
Wills, gr. to Mrs. Pearce, Bassett, near Southampton,
was a good 2nd. Amongst his plants were Statice
profusa, quite 5 feet in diameter, and freely flowered ;
Impatiens Hawkeri, fully 6 feet in diameter of head,
and very rich in colour ; and a beautiful specimen of
Clerodendron Balfourianum.
The class for four specimen stove or greenhouse plants

was the occasion for much spirited competition. The
best collection came from Mr. Curry, gr. to Colonel
Pepper, Milford Hall, Salisbury, and amongst them
we noted a capital plant of Croton Prince of Wales,
and a Rondeletia speciosa ; Mr. C. Penford, gr. to
Sir F. Fitz-Wygram, Bart., M.P., Leigh Park, Havant,
was 2nd, a nicely flowered Trachelospermum jas-
minoides was one of his best plants.

The groups, which were displayed to show effect
by the use of a variety of plants, brought many com-
petitors. Some groups showed much taste and skill
in the use of materials, and out of eight rivals, Mr.
Wills was adjudged the best ; and Mr. Penford, with
plants taller and brighter in colour, was 2nd.

Messrs. W. & J. F. Legge, nursprymen, Gosport,
were placed 1st for three Palms, Urge varieties, of
indifferent quality ; Mr. Wills, with a more modern
species, was 2nd.

Mr. Wills was 1st for three specimens, and also
for one specimen Fern, having, in the larger class,
healthy plants of Microlepia hirta cristata, Cibotium
spectabile, and Davallia Mooreana ; Mr. Penford
followed in both classes, showing well.

For one specimen plant in bloom, there was a
spirited competition. Mr. Cypher took 1st honours
with a freely flowered Erica Juliana, very fresh ; Mr.
Penford followed with Statice profusa.

Fuchsias were well shown by Mr. Hatch, gr. to the
Victoria Park Committee, and who also took 1st
houours for a capital group of plants, open only to
residents on Portsea Island.

Mr. H. C. Gale, gr. to G. E. Kent, Esq., Stubbing-
ton Lodge, Portsmouth, staged the best Coleus,
pyramids, 4—5 feet in height, well-grown and
coloured.

Mr. Hawkins, gr. to G. E. Bishop, Esq., The
Lawns, Swanwick, had the best zonal Geraniums,
Cockscombs, Caladiums, and Petunias, in each class
were of considerable merit. Mr. Wills had the best
table plants.

Cut flowers were not numerous, but the quality
was good. Mr. Penford was 1st, for twelve bunches,
stove or greenhouse, having, amongst others, Vanda
suavis, Nelumbium chinense, and Erica ventricosa
major ; Mr. R. H. Guy, Palmerston Road, Southsea,
was a good 2nd. There was a brisk competition for
the same number of hardy herbaceous varieties. Mr.
B. Ladhams, florist, Shirley, Southampton, led the
way with a capital lot.

The fruit staged was of good quality in most cases.
For six dishes, Pines excluded, there was but two
entries — 1st, Mr. G. Inglefield, gr. to Sir J. W. Kelk,
Bart., Tedworth, Marlborough, who had Muscat of
Alexandria and Black Hamburgh Grapes Hero of
Lockinge Melon, Royal George Peaches, Brown
Turkey Figs, and President Strawberries. Mr.
Penford was the other exhibitor, having Penrhyn
Castle Melon, Lord Napier Nectarine, and Stirling
Castle Peaches. For three bunches of black Grapes
Mr. W. Tait, gr. to General Napier, Oaklands,
Cosham, was 1st, with Black Hamburgh, fair in size
and colour, good berries ; Mr. Inglefield followed
with same variety, the bunches being shapely. The
best greenflesh Melon was Hero of Lockinge, shown
by Mr. Inglefield, and who also staged the best dish
of Royal George Peaches ; Mr. T. Wilkins, gr. to
Lady Theodora Guest, Inwood House, Henstridge,
Blandford, was a good 2nd.

Vegetables made a good show. The principal
class was that for nine sorts, two of Potatos allowed.
1st, Mr. Inglefield, who had well-grown Trophy
Tomatos, Green Globe Artichokes, Canadian Won-
der French Beans, and Sutton's Seedling Potatos,
the latter of especial excellence ; Mr. Wilkins was
a very close 2nd, White Tripoli Onions, Tomatos,
and first-rate Peas were amongst his best things.
Tomatos were a strong class, and excellent fruits of
Trophy were shown by Mr. Inglefield. Cucumbers
of good quality and in large numbers were observed.
Cut blooms of Hoses of the leading varieties were
staged, not for competition, by Messrs. Ewing &
Co., Nurseries, Havant, around which were placed
cut shoots of shrubs both of the flowering and foliage
sections ; and a capital lot of hardy herbaceous cut
flowers, also marked not for competition, were con-
tributed by Mr. Ladhams, florist, Shirley.

EALING HORTICULTURAL.

July 10. — This popular suburban Society was
distinctly unfortunate in having amidst the glori-
ous weather we have been favoured with this sum-
mer, so inclement a day as was the 10th, rain
falling heavily during the morning, and wind of the
fiercest prevailing in the afternoon ; still, there was

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 20, 1889.

a fine show, and a large attendance later in the
day. The tents were six in number, all being large
and well filled ; and so numerous are the classes at
Ealing, that no fewer than five sets of judges are
utilised. The chief plant feature was found in the
many charming miscellaneous and competitive
groups set up, for, as elsewhere, show plants are
gradually becoming fewer, and the whole of the
competitions, with one exception, are restricted to
the district. Messrs. Fromow & Sons repeated their
fine group seen at Chiswick the previous day. Mr.
Chadwick (gr. to E. M. Nelson, Esq., Hanger Hill
House, in whose delightful grounds the show was
held) had a very beautiful miscellaneous group, so
also had Mr. Roberts, from Gunnersbury Park Gar-
dens ; Orchids, Ixoras, and Gloxinias proving
exceedingly effective, as also did some fine Mal-
maison Carnations.

Messrs. C. Lee & Sons, Hammersmith, arranged
one of their fine groups of hardy trees and shrubs ;
and Mr. Charles Turner, Slough, sent a basket of
scarlet Malmai6on Carnations, and some beautiful
flowers of various other kinds.

With competitive groups, Mr. A. Wright, Devon-
hurst, Chiswick, was 1st ; Mr. Viner, gr. to R. B.
Daw, Esq., coming 2nd, both having pretty arrange-
ments.

Chief amongst flowering plants came Fuchsias,
which were finely grown and bloomed, but none were
named. Mr. W. Wright, gr. to E. B. Greenfield, Esq.,
Hanwell, had the best four ; Mr. Wigmore, gr. to F.
Hicks, Esq., having the best pair — all tall pyramids.
Mr. W. Wright came 1st with four well-flowered zonal
Pelargoniums. There was a large competition in this
class. Begonias were good, Mr. A. Wright having the
best six plants, very finely flowered. Mr. Davis had
the best six Gloxinias, also superb plants ; with Mr.
A. Wright 2nd, with specimen stove and green-
house plants. Mr. Viner, was 1st with a capital
Bougainvillea glabra ; Mr. A. Wright coming 2nd
with a good Clerodendron Balfouriana, whilst a good
Eucharis took the 3rd place. A fine pyramid of
Asparagus plumosus was the best foliage plant.

Roses. — With these was formed the only open
class of the show, the trade competing well for the
honour of winning the prizes in the one for twenty-
four trebles. Here Messrs. Paul & Sons, Ches-
hunt, were 1st with a superb lot of blooms, amongst
which Merveille de Lyon, Niphetos, Her Majesty,
Lady Mary Fitzwilliam, Duchess de Morny, Countess
of Rosebery, Horace Vernet, and A. K. Williams,
were very fine blooms. Messrs. Jas. Veiteh & Sons
exhibited a brilliant lot of blooms, both of show
flowers and cluster Roses , also adding bearded Irises
and Shirley Poppies, very lovely. Roses were plenti-
ful from local exhibitors. Mr. J. Cransford, Ealing,
sent a huge window-box, filled in fan-shape with
Lilium candidum.

Mrs. H. B. Smith, of Ealing, exhibited some beau-
tiful floral combinations in baskets, bouquets, a huge
horseshoe composed of pink Carnations and Roses,
all attractive.

Gloxinias in bunches made a charming class, and
many fine flowers were shown. Mr. Eaton, gr. to
H. Bonnin, Esq., had the best.

Mr. H. Collyer, gr. to Mrs. Murrell, Ealing, had
the best twelve bunches of show Pelargoniums; Mr.
Sutton, gr. to Mrs. Wilkinson, coming next. Mr.
Beesley, gr. to A. Fraser, Esq., had the best twelve
bunches of hardy flowers.

Floral table decorations were chiefly set up by
ladies, whose exhibits were very attractive, as also
were the various baskets and bouquets.

Fruit was very well shown, the best four dishes
coming from Mr. Chadwick, who had Muscat of
Alexandria Grapes, Royal George Peaches, &c. Mr.
Chadwick was also 1st, with six dishes of hardy
fruits, and had in Black Tartarian the best dishes of
Cherries.

Very fine bunches of Duke of Buccleuch and
Buckland's Sweetwater Grapes got Mr. Viner the 1st
prize in one class, and he was also 1st in blacks, with
good Hamburghs.

Strawberries and various other fruits were well
shown, but it is impossible to refer to one tithe of
the classes.

Vegetables are always a very fine feature at
Ealing, even the cottagers competing in the open
class with remarkable boldness, as well as in their
own section.

Mr. Edwards, gr. to W. Owen, Esq., had the best
six dishes.

Mr. W. Wright had the best three dishes of
Potatos. Telephone and Duke of Albany were the
finest and chief Peas shown. Mr. Holden, gr. to

C.J.Amherst, Esq., took 1st place in Beans, with
fine Seville. Mr. W. Wright had the best Tomatos,
and Mr. Chadwick very fine clean Cauliflowers.

WOLVERHAMPTON.

July 16, 17, and 18. — This was the first of what,
it is hoped, will prove a series of annual exhibitions
on a large scale in this town. It was organised and
carried out with considerable spirit, the Mayor of
Wolverhampton being the President, and the show
took place in the public park. Four large tents were
required to take the exhibits, but they were scarcely
lofty enough to do justice to the leading exhibits ;
the staging arrangements, also, are capable of im-
provement, but any defects will, no doubt, be reme-
died another year.

The leading features of the show were found in
the classes open to all. A handsome prize of £20
was offered for the best collection of sixteen stove
and greenhouse plants ; and here Mr. James Cypher,
Cheltenham, led, having a very fine lot indeed, his
flowering plants consisting of a huge Phcenoeoma
prolifera Burnesii, Statice profusa, Clerodendron
Balfourianum, Ixora salicifolia, I.regina, I. Fraseri,
Allamanda nobilis, A. grandiflora, Erica Parmen-
teriana, and E. Irbyana. His foliage plants were a
huge Latania borbonica, Cycas circinalis, Cordyline
indivisa, and Crotons Queen Victoria, Sunset, and
Thomsoni. In addition this received the Mayor's
special prize of 5 guineas for the most meritorious
exhibit in the show. Mr. W. Finch, gr. to J. Mar-
riott, Esq., Coventry, was 2nd ; he had an excellent
piece of Ixora Duffi, with seven fine and well-
coloured trusses : I. Williamsii, Statice profusa,
Erica Shannoni, E. Juliana rubra, E. Parmenteriana
rosea, E. repressa, and Kalosanthes coccinea ; his
leading foliaged plants, Cycas revoluta, C. circinalis,
Kentias Fosteriana and australis, Croton Johannis,
and Dasylirion acrotrichum.

Mr. Cypher was the only exhibitor of six plants in
flower, and was placed 1st with Allamanda grandi-
flora, Ixora Williamsii, I. Pilgrimii, Kalosanthes coc-
cinia, Erica Parmenteriana, and E. Juliana.

The best group of plants, arranged for effect,
covering a space not to exceed 140 feet, came from
Mr. W. H. Dyer, gr. to Mrs. Marigold, Edgbaston,
Birmingham — this showed some skill in effective
arrangements ; the names of the others were heaped
up as if so many piles of rubbish to be set on fire.

Mr. Cypher had the best six exotic Ferns,
staging fine examples. In the class for six Palms,
Mr. Cypher was again 1st with a very fine lot, con-
sisting of Kentias Balmoreana, K. australis, and
Fosteriana, and Astrocaryum rostratum.

In the open classes, cut Roses were a very good
feature, Messrs. Cranston & Co., Hereford, were
1st with forty-eight blooms, having Ulrich Brunner,
La France, Mrs. C./Wood, Star of Waltham, Heinrich
Schultheis, Princess Beatrice, Countess of Oxford,
Duke of Edinburgh, Madame C. Crapelet, Rosieriste
Jacobs, Duchess of Bedford, Marie Finger, Countess
of Rosebery, Prince Arthur, Eclair, Reynolds Hole,
Louis Van Houtte, Earl of Pembroke, &c. Messrs.
Perkins & Son, nurserymen, Coventry, had the
best thirty-six blooms, staging Ulrich Brunner,
Countess of Rosebery, Mrs. J. Laing, Horace Vernet,
Devienne Launy, Harrison Weir, Marguerite Dom-
brain, Emille Hansbergh. Messrs. Perkins & Sons
had the best twenty-four varieties. The best twelve
blooms of any dark Rose came from Messrs. J. Cran-
ston & Co., who had Alfred Colomb. Messrs.
Cranston & Co. had the best twelve light, showing
La France.

In the gentlemen's gardeners and amateurs' divi-
sions there were on the whole good competitions.
Mr. W. II. Dyer had the best six stove and green-
house plants; staging two very fine Crotons Queen
Victoria and Weismanni, Latania borbonica, Alla-
manda Hendersonii, and Stephanotis floribunda.
Mr. Finch had the best six Orchids, staging fine
specimens of Cattleya Gaskelliana and Ladia pur-
purata ; with smaller but well-bloomed ones of
Cattleya gigas, Aerides callosum, Odontoglossum
Alexandra, and Miltonia vexillaria. Mr. Dyer
also had the best six exotic Ferns, a very good
lot ; and he also had the best arranged group of plants,
covering a space of 100 feet.

Coleus were very good, shown in the form of well-
grown and coloured specimens. Zonal Pelargoniums
were also a good feature.

In the other cut-flower classes, Mr. Finch was 1st,
with a very fine collection of twenty-four distinct
varieties. Some very good cut zonal Pelargoniums
were staged also.

Fruit and vegetables were limited in quantity.
There were classes for vegetables for cottagers, who
showed well all along the line.

Miscellaneous exhibits were a striking feature.
Messrs. R. H. Vertegans & Co., of Birmingham, had
a large collection of cut flowers, bouquets, &c.
Double Potentillas being a feature of especial excel-
lence. Mr. R. Lowe, nurseryman, Wolverhampton,
had collections of plants, cut flowers, wreaths, &c.
Messrs. E. Webb & Sons, seedsmen, Stourbridge,
had choice vegetables. Mr. J. H. Blackwell, Dar-
lington Street, Wolverhampton, had a trophy of
plumes of Pampas-grass and various others. Mr.
A. R. Brown, Handsworth, Birmingham, cut blooms
of Carnations and Picotees. Messrs. R. Smith &
Co., St. John's nursery, Worcester, collections of cut
flowers, including Roses, Clematis, &c. Messrs.
Hewett .& Co., nurserymen, Solihull, cut blooms
of hardy plants. Mr. William Dean, Mill Lane
Nursery, Solihull, bunches of cut blooms of pretty
bedding Violas, such new and novel forms as
The Mearns, Lady Amory, Rev. J. Tilly, Mrs. Baxter,
and Duchess of Albany ; and Mr. M. Smout, of
Hastings, a remarkable collection of ocean flowers,
Seaweeds, Corallines, &c.

The judges were entertained at luncheon after the
awards were made, the Mayor presiding, a very large
number of ladies and gentlemen being present.

The Weather.

[By the term "accumulated temperature" is meant a figure
representing the aggregate amount, as well as the dura-
tion, of the excess or defect of temperature above or below
4.2° Fahr. for the period named ; and this combined result
is explained in Day-degrees — a " Day-degree " signifying
1° continued for twenty-four hours, or any other number
of degrees for an inversely proportional number of hours.]

Temperature.

Rainfall.

Bright
Sun.

o
.c be

Accumulated.

n »

1 P
^•2

cd
S

p o

s ■

a „

1 a>
— - a>

rz oj

0. W

3 $«

33
M

a> 5 S? i a> § OS

a «S8:a 'Sg

sis

t-s

+ o

> &

'■5 g"_ MS °~

**• p -s. ^ p

> o - g o1^

±1

« a

C'-o
o

<v o
a. 2

0, o
CCP
^ '55

c a
. o

j1" lii"-

■At

Day-

Uay-

lOths

In.

deg.

Inch.

3 —

+ 192

+ 4

2 —

129

19.9

3 —

+ 87

+ 5

5 +

101

12.1

2 —

110

+ 68

+ 7

4 +

11.1

1 —

135

+ 48

+ 112

17 +

13.4

2 —

122

+ 63

+ 60

12 +

■15.8

uav.

139

+ 102

+ 75

5 +

12.1

2 —

-t- 124 — 23

7 +

106

19.8

111

+ 100'— 1

4 +

14.2

2 —

120

+ 33 + 8S

6 +

17.1

3 —

+ 75,— 53

i +

118

17.2

3 —

102

+ 46— 14

3 —

105

16.8

Oav.

136

+ 111— 16

3 +

105

13.7

The districts indicated by number in the first column are
the following : —

Principal Wheat-producing Districts — 1, Scotland, N. ;
2, Scotland, E. ; 3, England, N.E. ; 4, England, E. j
5, Midland Counties; 6, England, S.
Principal Grazing, 8[C.t Districts — 7, Scotland, W. ; 8,
England, N.W. ; 9, England. S.W. ; 10, Ireland, N.;
11, Ireland, S. ; 12. Channel Islands.

THE PAST WEEK.

The following summary record of the weather for
the week ending July 15, is furnished from the
Meteorological Office : —

" The weather has been in an unsettled condition
very generally. Frequent falls of rain have been
experienced, with occasional thunder and lightning.
The rainfall which occurred over south-eastern
England on the 12th was extremely heavy in some
localities ; at Cambridge the fall amounted to 2-15
inches, and at Rothamsted to 306 inches.

"The temperature has just equalled the mean in
' England, S.,' and the ' Channel Islands,' but in all
other districts it has been less. The highest of the
maxima, which were registered on somewhat irregular
dates, ranged from 68° in ' Scotland, N.,' to 77° in
' England, S.' The lowest of the minima were

July 20, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

recorded in most places on the 9th, and varied from
35° in the north and west of Scotland, to 47° in
'England, S.,' and 54° in the ' Channel Islands.'

"Rainfall has been less than the mean in ' Scot-
land, N.V and ' Ireland, S.,' but more in all other
districts ; in the ' Midland Counties ' and ' England,
E.,' the excess has been very large.

" Bright sunshine shows a considerable and general
decrease, the percentage of the possible amount of
duration having ranged from 16 in ' England, N.E.,|
to 31 in ' England, S.W.,' and to 43 in 'Ireland, S.'"

MARKETS.

CO VENT GARDEN, July 18.
Market now heavily supplied with hothouse fruit,
and prices are receding. Soft fruit is supplied in
medium quantity, and prices are firm. James Webber,
Wholesale Apple Market.

Fruit.— Average Wholesale Prices.

*. d. s. d.

Lemons, per case ...12 0-21 0
Peaches, per doz. ... 6 0-15 0
Pine-apples, Eng., lb. 16-30
— St. Michael, each 2 0-60
Strawberries, per lb. 0 4-10

j. d. s. d.
Cherries, J-sieve ... 5 0- SO
Currants, Black, j-

sieve 4 0-60

— Red, ^-sieve ... 3 6-40
Gooseberries,'£-sieve 3 0-36
Grapes, per lb. ... I* 6- 2 6

Vegetables.-

Asparagus, English
per 100

Beaus, Jersey French,
per Lb

Beet, red, per dozen

Carrots, per bunch...

Cauliflowers, each ...

Celery, per bundle ...

Cucumbers, each ...

Endive, per dozen ...

Green Mint, bunch...

Herbs, per bunch ...

Leeks, per bunch ...

Lettuce, per dozen...

-Average Retail Prices
I, d. s. d.

0 6- ...
10-20
0 6- ...
0 6- ...
16-20
0 6-09
2 6- ...
0 4- ...
0 4- ...

0 3- ...

1 6- ...

s. d. s.
Mushrooms, punnet 1 6- ..
Mustard and Cress,

punnet ... ... 0 4- ..

Onions, per bunch ... 0 5- ..
Parsley, per lb. ... 0 6- ..

Peas, per quirt ... 1 3- ..
Potatos. new Jsy., lb. 0 3- ..
Rhubarb, bundle ... 0 6- ..
Shallots, per lb. ... 0 6- .,

Spinach, per bushel... 3 6- .,
Tomatos, per lb. ... 1 0- ..

Turnips, per bunch,

new 0 5- ..

Potatos.— Jersey and French supplies have been heavy at
3s. 6d. to os. per cwt., Home-grown coming to hand in
large consignments, and prices rule low ; Kidneys, 4s. 6i.
to 5s. 6rf. ; Beauties, 3s. M. to 4s. tdrt. per cwt. Market
dull. J. B. Thomas.

Plants in Pots.-
s.
Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6
Arum Lilies, p. doz. 6
Balsams, doz. ... 4

Begonias, dozeo" ... 4
Cactus, per dozen... 9
Calceolarias, dozen 4
Crassula, per dozenl2
Cyperus, per dozen . 4
Dracsna tenninalis,

per dozen 30

— viridis. per doz. 12
Erica, various, doz. 12
Euonymus, in var.,

per dozen 6

Evergreens, in var.,

per dozen 6

Ferns, in var., doz. 4
Foliage plants, vari-
ous, each 2

-Average Wholesale Prices.
d. s.d. s.d. s. d.

0-18 0 Ficus elastica. each . 16-70
0-12 0 Fuchsias, dozen ... 3 0- 8 0
0-6 0 Hydrangea, per doz. 9 0-18 0
0-12 0 , Lilium lancefolium,

0-18 0 ; per dozen 18 0-30 0

0-90i — auratum, doz. ...12 0-30 0
0-30 0 i — longefolium,doz.l2 0-24 0
0-12 0 , Lobelias, dozen ... 3 0- 5 0

Marguerites, doz. ... 6 0-12 0
0-60 0 ' Mignonette, doz. ... 3 0-60
0-24 0 , Musk, dozen ... 2 0- 4 0

0-30 0 i Nasturtiums, doz. ... 3 0-50
i Palms in var., each 2 6-21 0
0-18 0 Pelargoniums, per

dozen 6 0-15 0

0-24 0 — Ivy-Leafed, doz. 3 0-40
0-18 0 ' — scarlet, doz. ... 2 0- 4 0

Rbodanthe, per doz. 4 0-60
0-10 0 Stocks, dozen ... 4 0-60

Cut Flowers.— Average Wholesale Prices.

Abutilons, 12 bun. ... 2
ArumLilies.l2blooms 2
Bouvardias, per bun. 0
Cactus blooms, doz. 1
Carnations, 12 bun. 3
— 12 blooms ... 1
Cornflowers, 12 bun. 1
Delphinium, 12 bun. 3
Eucharis, per dozen 3
Gardenias, 12 blooms 2

Gladioli, 12 bun.
— 12 sprays
Heliotropes, 12 spr.
Iris, 12 bunches
Lavender, 12 bun. ...
Lilium, vari., 12 bis.
Maiden Hair Fern,
12 bun 4

d.s.d.
0-4 0
0-4 0
6-0 9
6-2 0
0-6 0
0-3 0
0-4 0
0-6 0
0-6 0
0-4 0
0-9 0
0-2 0
6-10
0-12 0
0-8 0
0-5 0

0-9 0

Marguerites, 12 bun.
Mignonette. 12 bun.
Pansies, 12 bun.
Pelargoniums, 12 spr.

— scarlet, 12 spr....
Pinks (var.), 12 bun.
Primulas, dbl., 12 sp.
Rhodanthe, 12 bun.
Roses, Tea, per doz.

— coloured, dozen.

— red, per dozen ...

— Safrano. dozen...

— Moss, 12 bun. ...
Stephanotis, 12 spr.
Stock, 12 bunches ...
Sweet Sultan, 12 bun.
Sweet Peas, 12 bun.
Tuberoses. 12 blm9....

s. d. s. d.

3 0-60
2 0-40
10-20
0 6-10
0 3-06
2 0-40
0 9-10

4 0-60
0 6-20
2 0-40
0 4-10
0 6-10
6 0-12 0
2 0-40
4 0-80
4 0-60
2 0-60
0 6-10

Orchid bloom in variety, fairly good supply.

SEEDS.

London: Juli/ 17. — Messrs. John Shaw & Sons,
seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane, E.C., write that
to-day's market was thinly attended, with scarcely
any business doing. Samples of Trifulium, Rye-
grass, Trefoil, Rapeseed, &c, of this year's growth,
are now coming to hand, but no business of import-
ance has yet resulted. Prices generally promise to
open low all round. For Blue Peas there is a con-
tinued inquiry ; available stocks are now reduced to
very narrow limits. In Heinpseed the tendency is
distinctly upwards. Canaryseed keeps dull and

neglected. Other articles at this quiet season call
for no comment.

CORN.

Averages. — Official statement showing the average
price of British corn, imperial measure, for the
week ended July 13 :— Wheat, 29s. 3d.; Barley,
19s. Od. ; Oats, 18s. lid. For the corresponding week
in 1888 :— Wheat, 31s. Gd. ; Barley, 28s.; Oats,
16s. 8d.

FBTJITS AND VEGETABLES.

Spitalfields : July 17. — Cabbages, 2s. Gd. to
4s. Gd. per tally; Cauliflowers, 3s. to 4s. Gd. per
dozen ; Peas, 2s. to 3s. per bushel ; do., 3s. to 5s. per
sack ; Broad Beans, 3s. per bushel ; do., 5s. to 6s. per
sack ; Radishes, 4s. to 5s. per tally ; spring Onions,
3s. Gd. to 4s. per. dozen bunches; Turnips, 3s. to
3s. Gd. do. ; Carrots, 2s. 9d. to 3s. Sd. do. ; Mint, Is.
to Is. Gd. do. ; Parsley, Is. to Is. Gd. do. ; Vegetable
Marrows, Is. Od. to 3s. per dozen; frame Cucumbers,
2s. to 2s. Gd. do. ; natural do., dd. to Is. Gd. do. ; Sea-
kale, Is. to Is. Gd. per punnet ; Mustard and Cress,
Is. Gd. to 2s. per dozen baskets ; Endive, Is. to Is. Gd.
per dozen ; Cos Lettuce, Is. 2d. to Is. 8d. per score ;
Lisbon Onions, 6s. per case ; English Apples, 3s. to
4s. per half bushel ; Gooseberries, 3s. to 3s. Gd. per
half-sieve ; Black Currants, 5s. do. ; White Currants,
4s. Gd. to 5s. do. ; Red Currants, 3s. §d. to 4s. 3d.
do. ; black Cherries, 5s. to 7s. do. ; white Cherries,
7s. to 8s. do. ; Raspberries, 25s. per cwt. ; Strawberries,
2s. to 3s. per peck ; Walnuts, for pickling, 3s. Gd. to
4s. per half-sieve.

Stratfoed : July 17. — Trade and supply has been
good during the past week at this market. — Quota-
tions : — Cabbages, 3s. Gd. to os. Gd. per tally ; Man-
gels, 17s. to 22s. per ton; Swedes, 17s. to 22s.
do. ; Onions, Egyptian, 4s. Gd. to 5s. Gd. per bag ;
Tomatos, Is. per box ; Strawberries, 3s. per peck ;
Apples, 3s. Gd. to 4s. Gd. per half-sieve ; Goose-
berries, 6s. do. ; black Currants, 6s. do. ; red Cur-
rants, 5s. do. ; Cherries, 8s. to 10s. do. ; Walnuts,
7s. per sieve ; Raspberries, Is. 9d. per 5 lb. ; white
Currants, 2s. Gd. per peck ; Lettuce, Is. 3d. per score ;
Carrots, 3s. Gd. per dozen bunches ; Cucumbers, Is.
to Is. Gd. per dozen ; Watercress, Gd. per dozen.

POTATOS.

Borough and Spitalfields, July 16. — Supplies of
new increasing, and prices easing down. Old Mag-
num Bonums, 60s. to 80s. ; Jersey kidneys, 90s. to
100s. ; French flukes, 90s. to 100s. ; rounds, 80s. per
ton.

Stratford : July 16. — Quotations : — Jersey kid-
neys, 100s. to 120s.; Cherbourgs, 80s. to 90s. ; Eng-
lish kidneys, 70s. to 90s. ; Hebrons, 70s. to 90s. ;
Early Rose, 65s. to 7os. ; Regents, 70s. to 100s. per
ton.

Notices to Correspondents.

Book: 67. P. The Carnation and Picotec, by Mr. E.
S. Dodwell, published by Messrs. Groombridge &
Sons, Paternoster Row.

Camellia Leaves Brown- spotted : B. Weaver.
Usually this is the result of stagnant water in the
soil. Retub the plant now, clearing away the
sour wet soil, and use a sufficient quantity of
crocks to secure good drainage, covering them
with lumps of peat ; and for compost, employ
loam, one-half; burnt earth, if you have it, one-
quarter ; charcoal, one-eighth ; leaf-mould, well
rotted, one-eighth, with enough sand to keep it
open. When the job is finished, stand the plant
in partial shade for a fortnight ; water once
thoroughly, and afterwards, when dry ; protect the
soil from heavy rain by pieces of tarred felt or
the like.

Carnation : A. H. Similar to Mary Morris in colour,
and nearly of the good quality of that favourite.
It keeps well after being cut.

Correction. — At p. 49 of last week's issue, in "A
New Strawberrv,"/ur Mattock Bank, read Matlock
Bank.

Cucumbers for Winter: W. G. Make a brine with
common salt so strong that a new-laid egg will sink
in it to half its depth. Put into this short and long
prickly varieties of Cucumber as they become ready.
Have a floating lid, which cau be sunk under

water by means of a piece of stone. This will
keep the fruits below the surface. Skim off any
scum that rises to the surface. Carraway-seeds,
about 1 oz. to the gallon, may be put into the
cask. It is in reality a kind of sauer-kraut , and
the fruits are nice eating with cold meat in the
winter season.

Moss Roses : A. B. There is no objection to Moss
Roses being employed in beds of other Roses, if
they are put in little colonies, and allowing them
space to increase by the timely removal of the
other Roses, on which they will in time encroach
— that is, if you would like these colonies of
Mosses to increase in area. They propagate
themselves sparingly by means of suckers, and to
prevent impoverishment of the soil from this
increase of the plants, transplantation every third
or fourth year is desirable.

Names of Fruits : G. L. Your specimens of Rasp-
berries were damaged in the post, and quite beyond
recognition when we received them.

Names of Plants: C.A.L. 1, Taxodium semper-
virens (the red wood) ; 2, Pinus cembra ; 3, P.
strobus (both doubtful) ; 4, Picea clanbrassili-
ana ; 5, Retinospora plumosa aurea reverting to
squarrosa. — Ipso facto. Garden variety of Alstrii-
meria pelegrina. — G. H. Clethra alnifolia. —
M. C. 1, Veronica; 2, Deutzia crenata, fl.-pl. ;

3, Spira?a Douglasi ; 7, Aristolochia clematitis ;

4, 5, 6, next week. — W. W. Verbascum nigrum,
probably ; but you send no leaves. — Bev. H. H. C. G.
Rosa microphylla, doubled flowered variety. —
./.Wilson. Tecomajasminoides. — E.D.L. Veronica
cupressoides. — W. H. B. Rubus occidentalis —
Canadian Raspberry. — T. M. Nos. 1, 2, and 3 are,
as you take them to be, Camellias ; 4 is probably
a Eupatorium ; but you should send flowers as
well as leaves.

Peach Disease : Bev. H. G. Your Peach leaves
have what is termed the silver-leaf disease, the
cause and cure for which are unknown. Cut away
all the affected shoots ; or, if the tree is badly
affected, remove the tree and burn it.

Preserving Fruit Whole in Bottles : A. B. Pick
the fruit clean, and let it be dry ; fill the bottles
with sound fruit only, and for a one pint bottle
put in two table-spoonfuls of pounded loaf-sugar ;
the corks — new, close-fitting ones — should be
put in loosely, the bottles being stood together in
a boiler or copper with hay between them, to pre-
vent breakage during the boiling of the water.
Fill up with water almost to the top of the bottles,
and boil for twenty minutes. Let the bottles
reinaiu in the boiler until all is cold. Cork the
bottles tightly, and place in a cool cellar. Some
persons add just a trifling amount of alum, or
salicylic acid, but it is hardly necessary to do so,
unless the fruit has to be kept for more than
twelve months, or is kept in a fluctuating atmo-
sphere. The most suitable fruits for bottling are
Plums of all kinds, green Gooseberries, Cherrjes,
small Crabs — the bright-looking Siberian varie-
ties, Grapes plucked from the bunch, Cranberries,
Barberries, Apricots, Loquats, Peaches in quarters.

Rafflesia Arnoldi : T. J. Yes ; one of the mar-
vels of the plant-world, figured in a lormer
volume (1874, p. 91). It is not an Aroid, nor has
its cultivation been successful in this country.
It is parasitic on the roots of Cissus, and has been
cultivated in the Botanic Garden, Buitenzorg,
Java. There is a model of it in the museum at
Kew.

Raspuerrv Superlative : G. B. <r Co. The fruits
were so shaken and bruised in transit that no just
opinion as to their merits can be formed. Juice
was oozing from the box on arrival. The fruits
appear to have been of large size and good colour.

Scale on Camellias. W. H. M. The leaf sent is
infested with a coccus scale, which may be de-
stroyed by applying methylated spirit to the crea-
ture" by means of a small brush or pointed stick.
An illustration of a leaf attacked with this scale
appeared in our issue for April 27 last.

Tuberose, and Pear Leaves : A. P. The flowers of
the first mentioned seem to come from bulbs which
have been subjected to the wrong kind of treat-
ment; possibly, too much moisture afforded them
before there were many roots formed to appro-
priate it. The leaves of the Pear seem to be
scorched, perhaps by the sun shining hotly upon
them when wet.

Tubers on the Haulms of Potatos: F. W. This

THE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE.

[July 20, 1889.

is not uncommon as the result of injury to the
tuber or roots, as by wireworm ; the plant being
prevented from forming tubers in the ordinary
way, forms them in the axils of the leaves, thus
proving that the tuber is a modified leaf-bud. In
your specimen the tubers are unusually large, and,
what is more, diseased.

Water Lily : F . G. M. See our issue for May 11,
1889, where the planting and general treatment
of Water Lilies are fully treated of.

White Black Currants : Kingsby. White-fruited
forms of Ribes nigrum are occasionally met with
in gardens, but they do not please on account of
their undecided colour, and therefore their culti-
vation does not extend much beyond the places
where they originate. We have seen some which
were even lighter in the colour of the skin than
those you have sent to us.

Yew Trees and Manure: Yew. All the Conifers
are impatient of manure that is not very mild and
thoroughly decayed. Leaf-mould is found to be
the best form of manure, and this substance may
be applied alone, or it may be mixed with
loam. Coniferous plants, being possessed of great
numbers of surface-roots, the manure cannot be
dug into the soil over the roots, but must be laid
on as a top-dressing of varying thickness ; for
large trees, 4 inches ; small ones, 1 or 2 inches.
The Yews delight in a chalky, therefore a dry
soil, and they will be found to do best on the edge
of declivities, and banks where the drainage is
perfect. We should be afraid to use manure
about the roots of newly-moved Yew trees,
although a little mild stuff might be dug into the
surrounding ground.

CATALOGUES RECEIVED.

Alfred Legerton, 5, Aldgate, London, E. — Whole-
sale List of Dutch and other Flower Roots.

J. Bsckhouse & Son, York — Flower Roots, Straw-
berries, &c.

COMMUNICATION'S Received.— J. B., Berlin.— P. L. S.. Paris.
— C. D., Berlin. -F. H., San Francisco.— H. J. R„ Florence
(with many thanks).— W. S.— Professor B.— F. W. B —
H. M.— M. H.— \V. N. & Co.— P. S.— Baron von M.. Mel-
bourne.—K. H.— M. B.-Dr. CDantzic— R. J. M.— J. VV.,
Oodepore— B. & Co.— V. — A. G. R.— Foliejon. (under
examination) — Rosa— Harrv Engel. — W. Crump. — F. R. —
\V. N.— J. O.— M. Dunn.— T Hincks (not unusual).— Frank
Cant.— C L. & S.— A Subscriber (next week),
gp" Correspondents 'sending plants or fruits to be named, or
asking questions demanding time and research for their solution,
must not expect in all cases to obtain an answer to their en-
quiries in the current week.

Enquiries.

— « —

" He that quettioneth much shall learn much." — Bacon.

Hybridising.— Is any case known of the hybridi-
sation of annual species with perennial ones ? Are
there any cases where hardy species have been
crossed with plants requiring stove treatment, and
in such case is the offspring hardy ? Hyhridiser.

Vapourising Orchid-house. — My house is 25 feet
long, 20 feet wide, 13 feet high, and 5 feet to the
eaves. Which is the lipst vaporiser to employ in
the house — Mr. Williams' Thanatophore, or Field &
Harrison's Nicotyl vapouriser ? and which is the best
substance to employ — tobacco- water, as sold by
Corry, Soper & Co., or nicotyle ? G. A. [Perhaps
some of our readers who have experience in the
above matters will kindly answer our correspondent's
inquiries. Ed.]

©irituarg.

David DARTNALL. — We regret to announce the
death of David Dartnall, which occurred on the 2nd
inst. at Tunbridge Wells, where he was in business
as a nurseryman and florist. Formerly, he was in
the employment of Messrs. J. Veitch & Son (for over
twenty years), being for several years Manager of
their Coombe Wood Nurseries ; and he also served
with Messrs. T. Cnpps & Son, of Tunbridge Wells.

WILLIAM CLINGO. — We have also to announce
the death of William Clingo on the 12th instant, at
Victoria Terrace, Kilburn, at the age of seventy-four
years. The deceased had been in as nurseryman and
florist at St. John's Wood successfully for upwards
of fifty years, retiring from active business a few years
back.

Blight-Blight-Aphis and Blight.

TUCKER'S EUCALYPTUS DISINFECT-
ANT FLUID Destroys these Pests. Is. and 2s. a Bottle.
J. TUCKER ANli CO., 51, Paddington Street. London. W.

SAVE H ALF TH E COST.

G A R S I D E'S

BEDFORDSHIRE

SILVER SAND,

Coarse and Fine, '

Is admitted by the leading Nurserymen to be the Best
Quality obtainable in the Trade.

Apply direct to the Proprietor for Samples and Price.

Free on Rail or Canal. All Orders executed with the utmost
promptness a?id under personal supervision. Special Rail-
way Rates in force to all parts.
GEO. GARSIDE, Jun., F.R.H.S., Leighton Buzzard, Beds.

'm&fimm

For Destroying Weeds on Garden Walks, Carriage
Drives, Stable Yards, &C, also for Killing
Plantain on Lawns. Saves more than twice
its cost in Labour. No Smell.

One application will keep the Walks clear of Weeds for at
least Twelve Months,

Used in the crystal palace gardens, the Alex-
andra PALACE GROUNDS, the CAMBRIDGE BOTANIC
GARDENS, and many other Public and Private Gardens.

Mr. W. G. Hkad, Superintendent of the Crystal Palace
Gardens, says : — " We were >o satisfied with your Weed Killer
and its price, that we have used it absolutely. I have every
confidence in recommending it."

Highly Commended by the Judges at the Alexandra Palace
Rose Show, 1889-

Price:— 1 Gallon, 2s. (tin included) ,- 5 Gallons, Is. Gd. per
Gallon ; 10 to 20 Gallons, Is. id. per Gallon.

Carriage paid on 10 Gallons and upwards.

Used in the proportion of 1 gallon to 25 gallons of water,
and applied with an ordinary watering can.

Sole Proprietors and Manufacturers — The AGRI-
HORTICULTURAL CHEMICAL COMPANY, Tunbridge,
Kent, and Carlton Street, Bolton, Lancashire.

Sold in London by — HURST & SONS, 162, Hounds-
ditch, E. : BARR & SON, 12, King Street, Covent
Garden, W.C. ; A. ROBINSON, 8, Leadenhail Street,
E.C. ; and other Nurserymen and Seedsmen.

GISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading
Gardeners since 1859 against Red Spider, Mildew,
Thrips, Green Fly, and other Blight. 1 to 2 ounces to the
gallon of soft-water; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines
and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake against
American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended
to supersede it. Boxes, Is., 3s., and 10s. 6d.

GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on
wet ground. Boxes, 6d. and Is., from the Trade.
Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY
(Limited). London.

GARDEN REQUISITES. — Stioks, Labels,
Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustio Work,
Manures, &c. CheaDest Prices of
WATSON AND SCULL, 90, Lower Thames Street, London, E.O.

rr H O S . W . ROBINSON,
-L r

Dennis Park Ironworks, Stourbridge.

4-in. Expansion Joint Hot- water Pipes, 9feet long, 4s. Zd. each ;

4-iu. Socket Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4s. 6rf. each.

Illustrated revised Price List on application, free.

CARSON'S PAINT

Patronised by 16,000 of the Nobility, Gentry,
and Clergy, for all kinds of

OUTDOOR WOKE, CONSERVATORIES,

Greenhouses, Frames, <tc.
1 Cwt.. and Oil Mixture, Free to all Stations.

Liquid Non-Poisonous Paints for Inside of Conservatories, &c.
Prices, Patterns, and Testimonials, Post-free.

SAVE YOUR FIRE

and keep a fixed temperature under glass, by using
"FRIGI DOMO," made of prepared hair and
wool : a perfect non-conductor of cold.

PROTECT your PLANTS!

FR G DOMO'

REGISTERED ■ wm trade MARKI
For price list &. particulars Address- I

RENJAMINCTDGINGTON

1 * /? Duke ST BJ London Br/dge\

HY. VAN & GO.

(The Oldest London House in the Trade, Estd. 1780).

25, Tooley Street, London Bridge, S.E.

PROTECTION for FRUIT and FLOWERS.
GARDEN NETTING, 2yards wide, lji/.,orperl00yards,

10s. ; ditto. 4 yards wide, 3d., or per" 100. yards, 20s.
SCRIM CANVAS, 1 yard wide, 3d., and 2 yards, Brf. per yard.
TIFFANY, 38 inches wide, in 20 yard pieces, 3s. Gd. per piece.
SHADING BLINDS made up any size.
RICK CLOTHS, TARPAULINS, Corn and Potato SACKS,

for Sale or Hire.
TENT, MARQUEE, and FLAG Makers.

Illustrated CATALOGUE post-free.
TOBACCO, RAG and PAPER, VIRGIN CORK, RAFFIA,

and Garden MATS of all kinds.

ORCHID BASKETS,

RAFTS, BOATS, AND CYLINDERS,

AND ALL GARDEN SUNDRIES.

SEND FOR A

PBICE LIST

from the Largest Manufacturer in the Trade,

H. G. SMYTH,

21, GOLDSMITH STREET,

DRURY LANE. W.C.

21-oz. and 15-OZ. Foreign, of above sizes, in boxes of 100 feet

and 200 feet super.
English Glass, cut to buyers' sizes, at lowest prices, delivered

free and sound in the country, in quantity. .
" HORTICULTURAL PUTTY." Own Special Manufacture.

GEORGE FARUILOE & SONS,

Lead, Glass, Oil. and Colour Merchants,
34, St. John Street, West Smlth&eld, London, EC.

Stock Lists and Prices on application. Please quote Chronicle.

CHEAP FRAMES.

PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES.

The above are without exception the most useful kind ol
frame for plant growing, and every one with a garden should
possess one. The sash**s turn right over one ou to the other,
and the boxes are put together with wedges, and can be taken
apart in a few minutes. Sizes and prices, carriage paid to any
station in Euglacd, ready glazed and painted: —

6 feet long, 3 feet wide
6 feet „ 4 feet „

12 feet „ 4 feet „ ■
6 feet „ 5 feet „

12 feet „ 5 feet „

r '

Packing

Cases

FREE.

. ;

£ s.

2 0

2 10
- 4 7

3 10
5 17

d.
0
0
6
0
6

Larger sizes at propor

tionate pric

es.

LA BBLLB SAUVAGE YARD, LUDGATE II ILL. E.C.
BACHELOR'S WALK, DUBLIN.— Discount for Cash,

R. HALLIDAY &. CO.,

Hothouse Builders and Engineers, Royal Horticultural Works,

Middleton, Manchester.

London Agent— Mr. li. Skelton, Seedsman, &c, 2, Holloway
Road, N.

July 20, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

HORTICULTURAL

A Large Stock p T ACQ
always on Hand. UTJ-J.ri.00>

Special quotations for quantities.

WHITE LEAD, OILS, AND COLOURS

At lowest 2'ossible prices.

NICHOLLS& CLARKE,

6, HICH STREET, SHOREDITCH,

LONDON, E.

HILL & SMITH,

BRIERLEY HILL, NEAR DUDLEY,

Am> AT 118, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, E.C.

IRON FENCINC, HURDLES, CATES, &c.

IRON ROOFING AND HAY BARNS.

Special Estimates given for Large Contracts In Fencing,
Roofing, &c. Personal Surveys of Estates made, and practical
advice given aa. to the best and most economical Fences to put
down.

Illustrated Catalogues Free by Post.

Telescopic Ladders-
Telescopic Steps.
Telescopic Trestles.
Convertible Ladder Steps.
Universal Step Ladders.
Turnover Step Ladders.
Folding Pole Ladders.
Lattice Steps, very light.
Umpire's Step Chairs.

Great variety of designs
and sizes. S zes 5ft. to 60ft.
Order direct, carriage paid.
Price Lists free.

HEATHMAN & CO.,

2, EN DELL STREET ; and
11, HIGH STREET,

LONDON, W.C.
SALE, 1,000,000 yards of Galvanised

iTIRE NETTING; 35 tons of BARB WIRE, 4-pointed.
7 inches apart ; 40 tons of Galvanised 7-ply STRAND ; 300 tons
of Solid-drawn STEEL FENCING WIRE, Nos. 4 to 8, both
Plain and Galvanised ; also Galvanised EYE-BOLTS and
Screwed EYES for Vineries. — Send for Lists to

THE LONGFORD WIRE CO. (Limited), Warrington.

" A PHIL SHOWER " WATERING POT

JT\- (Curtis' Patent). — Fitted with filtering cylinders and
dripless roses, all sizes. Price lists post free from WILLIAM
CURTIS, Patentee and Sole Manufacturer, Arcade, Ipswich.

CONWAY G. WARNE

(Successor to John Matthews),
ROYAL POTTERIES, WESTON-SUPER-MARE.

Twenty-one Gold

and Silver Medals

for excellence.

FLOWER POTS, 1 to ill niches in diameter, manufactured
from the Clay, in its natural state, and being made by Hand,
are considered by all that use them far superior to Machine-
made Pots. Price LISTS gratis. Samples free. Large Book
of Designs, Is. 6d.
Note.— The Largest Flower Pot Manufactory in the World.

TANNED NETTING, 2 yards wide, \±d. per
yard. 10s. per 100 yards; 4 yards wide, 3d. per yard, 20s.
per 100. NEW TWINE NETTING. 1 inch mesh. 1 yard wide,
2d. ; i yards wide, 4a!. ; 4 yards wide. id. per yard. COTTON
NETTING, 54 inches wide, 9 meshes to square inch, Td. per
yard— best article to protect Fruit Trees, &c. HEXAGON
NETS, 72 meshes to inch, i%d. per yard.
W. CULLINGFORD, 127, Field Road, Forest Gate, London, E.

RICHARDSON'S

HORTICULTURAL

BUILDINGS

Fixed in any part of the Kingdom with
Hot-water Apparatus complete.

Best Work
guaranteed, and

at Lowest Prices. ^^V^C/

NORTH OF ENGLAND
HORTICULTURAL WORK
DARLINGTON.

CATALOGUE

FREE.

BOULTON&PAUL"wfcH

No. 74.— THREE- OUARTER SPAN
GARDEN FRAME.

The most useful of all Frames that are made, owing to the
extra height and convenience for attention. They are 18
inches high nt front. 24 inches high at back, and 31 inches at
the ridge, bolted at the comers, easily taken to pieces if required.
The Lights are 1 inches thick, lit ted with set-opes, and arranged
to turnover, back and front, for ventilating. Glazed with best
21-oz. English glass, and painted four coats.

Length. Width.

1 Light Frame, 4 ft. by 6 ft

2 „ „ ' 8 „ by (5 „

3 „ „ 12 „ by 6- „

4 „ „ 16 „ by 6 „

5 „ „ 20 „ by 6 „

6 „ „ 21 ., by G „

£2 15 0

4 7 0

Cash

Prices,

Carriage J 0 0 0

and 7 12 6

Packing
FREE

9 5 0
10 17 6

CARRIAGE is paid to any station in England and Wales, to
Dublin. Cork, Derry, Glasgow, and Edinburgh, or stati ns
equivalent. CATAL0GUES POST-FREE.

NEW EASY"

LAWN MOWER,

Has an open steel
roller.

A man can work a
24-inch machine.

There is no easier
worki ng, no better
finished, no stronger,
no more durable mower
in the market.

The Front Roller,
with simple adjust-
ment for regulating
height of cut, enables
the machine to cut
close to the ground,
and to do fine work,
besides adapting it for
verge cutting.

CUT6 2 4- INCH E&SY.

To be obtained through
all the leading Ironmon-
gers or Seedsmen, or
from the Sole Licensees,

SELIG, SONNENTHAL & CO.,

85, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C.

BECKETT BROS.,

CHELMSFORD.

Thoroughly Practical Hothouse Builders and Heati ng Engineers.
Glasshouses of every description, in Wood or Iron, erected in
any part of the kingdom. First-class workmanship and the
very best materials at the lowest possible prices.

Price Lists. Plans, and Estimates Fr^e.

JAS. BOYD & SONS,

Horticultural Builders
and Heating Engineers,

PAISLEY.

1 HORTICULTURAL
STRUCTURES

of every description,

in either Wood or Iron,

or both combined.

Wooden Chapel?,

Shooting Lodges, Cottages,

Tennis Courts, Verandahs, &c.

Hot-water Apparatus

for warming Churches,

Schools, Public Buildings,

Mansions, Harness Rooms,

Drying Rooms, Hothouses, and

Buildings of every Description.

Illustrated Circulars
Post-free.

/39 ,.o/4 / c#/v/vo/vsr Lon'now.E.c.

«.»

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 20, 1889.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

♦

Scale of Charges for Advertising.

Head Line charged as two.

15 Lines

Lines .

. £0

. 0

£0 8

0 9

0 10

0 11

0 12

0 13

AND SIXPENCE FOR EVERY ADDITIONAL LINE.

It set across two Columns, the lowest charge will be 20«.

If set across three Columns the lowest charge will be 30j.

Page, £8; Half Page, £4 10s. ; Column, £3.

Gardeners and others Wanting Situations.

26 words, including name and address, Is, Qd.t

and 6d. for every additional line (about 9 words) or part

of a line.

THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE PREPAID.

This scale does not apply to announcements of Vacant
Situations, which are charged at the ordinary scale.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.— Advertisers are cautioned
against having Letters addressed to Initials at Post-offices, as
all Letters so addressed are opened by the authorities and
returned to the sender.

Births, Deaths and Marriages, 5s. each insertion.

Advertisements for the current week MUST reach the Office by

Thursday noon.

All Subscriptions Payable in Advanca.

The United Kingdom: 12 Months, 15s.; 6 Months,

73. 6d. ; 3 Months, 3s. 9d.

Foreign (excepting India and China); including Postage,

17S. 6d. for 12 Months; India and China, 193. 6d.

Post Office Orders to be made payable at the Post Office,

42, DRURY LANE, W.C., to W. Richards.

Publishing Office and Office for Advertisements,
41, Wellington Street, Strand. London, W.C.

GLASS. CHEAP GLASS.

83. 6d. per 100 feet 15 oz. 12x10, 18x12, 18x14,24x14,
14x12. 20X12, 18X16. 24x16,
12S. per 100 feet 21 oz. ... 16x12, 16X14, 20x16, 24x18, &c.
Putty, 6s. 6i(. per cwt.; White Lead, genuine, 21s.; Our
.Specialty. 17s. Gd. per cwt. ; Paints ground in Oil, Stone Ocare,
20s.; Oxford Ochre. 2ts. ; Green, 16s.; Black, 16s. per cwt. ;
Varnish, from 5s. 6d. per gal. Paints and Varnish at very low
prices. J Flooring at 7s. Sd. per square ; Matching at 5s. 9<f. ;
3x9 at 2£rf. per foot run; 2x4 at Jrf. Doors, Mouldings,
Greenhouse Bars, Ironmongery Goods, &c. Full Price List on
application to THE CHEAP WOOD COMPANY, 72, Bishops-
gate Street Within, Loudon, E.C.

MADE WITH BOILING WATER.

E P P S ' S

GRATEFUL- COMFORTING.

COCOA

MADE WITH BOILING MILK.

AMERICAN HORTICULTURALINTERESTS

ARE BEST REPRESENTED IN

THE AMERICAN GARDEN,

United

in
ONE.

WHICH INCLUDES : —

THE AMERICAN GARDEN ... 16th Year.

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY 30th Year.

and HORTICULTURIST 42nd Year.

THE FLORAL CABINET ... 17th Year.

Muling the Largest, Best, Ol lest. Liveliest, Handsomest
Gardening Magazine in America.

THE LEADING AMERICAN JOURNAL FOR

HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISEMENTS.

Subscription Price for England

and Countries in the Universal Postal Union, 103.

E. H. LIBBY, Publisher, 751, Broadway,

New York, U.S.A.

Agents for Great Britain and Ireland :—

STEEL AND JONES. 4, Spring Gardens, Charing Cross,
London, S.W., to whom Orders for Advertisements and Subscrip-
tions may be sent. ASpecimen Copy post-free for lOrf. (stamps).

YOUNG LADIES who WANT TO BE
INDEPENDENT, and make their own way in the world,
should write for a Prospectus of the SCIENTIFIC DRESS
CUTTING ASSOCIATION, 272, Regent Street, London, W.
Situations for all Pupils at good salaries.

WANTED, a PARTNER, or the LEASE of
a NURSERY, containing about 7000 feet of Glass,
TO BE SOLD, situate at 16, Maida Vale, N.W. Good Dwelling
House, Stable, and Cottage.— Apply to C. FAIRNLXGT0N.

WANTED, a good WORKING HEAD
GARDENER. Must well understand his business.
Two Vineries, Stove Orchid House, Greenhouse, and large
Conservatory, Lawns, Flower and Kitchen Garden, about
5 acres. Three other gardeners kept. Lodge to be attended
by Wife. Scotchman, about 30 to 40, with no family, and a
total abstainer preferred. Must have long character. — Apply
by letter, stating experience, age, salary at last place, &c, to
Mr. R. B. EVERED, Oatlands, Horley, Surrey.

WANTED, a Christian UNDER GAR-
DENER, married, and to live in the garden, and able
to Manage Flower and Kitchen Garden, &c— Apply with all
particulars, to .1. MADDOX, Gardener, Pontypool.

Gardener, Single-handed.

WANTED, young MAN. Must understand
the Culture of Tomatos and Cucumbers, and good
knowledge of Conservatory and Kitchen Garden. Good
character indispensable.— C. R. D1BBEN, Riseholme Road,
Lincoln.

Foreman.

WANTED AT ONCE, a steady, energetic
Man, as GENERAL FOREMAN. Must be able to
make a Specialty of Herbaceous. Salary, £70.— DOBBIE and
CO., Rothesay.

WANTED, AT ONCE, a General PRO-
PAGATOR of In and Outdoor Nursery Stock. Must
be a successful budder of Roses. — Apply, -fating wages
required and full particulars, to H. ENGLISH, Clevedon
Nurseries, Clevedon.

WANTED, first-class PLANT GROWER
and Soft-wood PROPAGATOR. State particulars and
wages.— WILLIAM TROUGHTON. Nurseryman, Preston.

ORCHID GROWER WANTED. Must be
thoroughly experienced and single.— Apply, with all
particulars, to F. SANDER AND CO.. St. Albans.

WANTED, a young MAN, used to Growing
for Market, where Ferns, Roses, Bouvardias. Pelar-
goniums, Tomatos, Cucumbers, Pot and Cut Stuff are Grown
in quantities for Sale. Wages 16s., with bothy.— MANAGER,
Realand's Nursery, Emsworth, Hants.

WANTED, a MAN, used to Market Work,
to Grow Grapes, Peaches, Melons, Cucumbers, Chry-
santhemums, &c, and take charge of a Small Nursery.— Full
particulars as to wages, &c, to W.J. GODFREY, Nurseryman,
Exmoulh.

WANTED, TWO or THREE young MEN,
for the General Work of a Market Nursery in Kent.—
Apply by letter with full particulars of previous occupation
and refereaces, to KENT, J. W. Vickers, 5, Nicholas Lane, E.C.

WANTED, active MAN, for General Outdoor
Nursery Work. One who can Bud Roses and take a
turn Indoors preferred. — State wages expected, references, &c,
to JAMES BRYSON, Nurseryman and Seedsman, Helens-
burgh, N.B.

WANTED, a young MAN, for the Houses,
who has had experience in Potting and Watering.
Wages, 15.!.— Apply, J. C. COLLINS, Melton House Gardens,
Waterloo Ville, Cosham, Hants.

WANTED, TWO MEN, used to Market
Nursery Work— Wages, 18s.— F. C. MALLER, Bun
Farm Nursery, Bexley Heath.

WANTED, AT ONCE, a MAN, to Bud
1500 Briars and 1000 Manetti Stocks.— Apply, stating
terms, to G. BOND, Nurseries, Calne, Wilts.

WANTED, a ROSE BUDDER, for about
3000 Stocks.— Write, stating particulars, to GEO.
BOLTON, Nurseryman, Buntingford, Herts.

Seedsman and Florist.

WANTED, a SHOPMAN, with a real and
intimate knowledge of his Trade, especially Flower
Seeds, Florist's Flowers, and Decorative Plants. Wages to
commence at 26s. per week. A position of trust and responsi-
bility to an active trustworthy business man.— Apply with all
particulars, to STORRIE AND STORRIE, Seed Merchants,
Dundee, N.B.

WANTED, an experienced MAN, to Manage
Florist's Business. Must be thoroughly well ac-
quainted with London Retail Trade.— C. M., 16, Marlborough
Hill, N.W.

WANTED, a respectable young PERSON, well
up in Bouquets, Wreaths, &c. ; from London prelered
Also a young MAN to serve in the Fruit Department.— W. G.
HODGE, Florist, Plymouth.

WANTED, a LAD or LASS, sharp, honest,
and well educated, to assist in Fruiterer and Florist's
Shop and Office. Must be clever at the Books, or do not
apply. — SLAYMAKER, Commercial Road, Bournemouth.

GARDENING APPOINTMENTS.

Mr. Robert Bell, late Gardener, Morton
Hall, Midlothian, has been appointed Gardener
and Steward to the Duke of Abercorn, at
Baronscourt, Co. Tyrone.

Mr. William King, late Gardener at Dalzell,
Lanarkshire, has been appointed Gardener to
Sir Robert Jardine, Bart., Castlemilk, Dum-
fries-shire.

Mr. John Borthwick, late Gardener at Stobo
Castle, Peebles-shire, has been appointed Gar-
dener to the Earl of Breadalbane, at Tay-
mouth Castle, Kenmore, Perthshire.

Mr. J. Oswald, late Gardener at Hoddam
Castle, Dumfries-shire, has been appointed Gar-
dener to W. T. Crawshat; Esq., Cyfarthfa
Castle, Glamorganshire.

Mr. James Dickie, late Gardener at Curragh-
more, Co. Waterford, has been appointed Super-
intendent of the Alexandra Public Park,
Glasgow.

Mr. William Shaep, late Gardener, Prior-
wood, Melrose, has been appointed Gardener to
C. L. Wood, Esq.,- Freeland, Perthshire.

Mr. Alex. Angus, Foreman, has been ap-
pointed Gardener to Lord Hamilton, of Dalzell,
at Dalzell, Motherwell, Lanarkshire.

Mr. Thomas Hogg, late Gardener, Aikenhead,
has been appointed Gardener to Archibald
Coats, Esq., 1iYoodside, Paisley, N.B.

Mr. Thomas Crasp, late Head Gardener to
Earl Sydney, Frognall, Foot's Cray, Kent, has
been appointed Head Gardener to Lord Wim-
borne, Canford Manor, Dorsetshire.

Mr. A. Reid, late Foreman at Dover House,
Roehampton, has been appointed as Head Gar-
dener to D. Todd, Esq., Eastwood Park, near
Glasgow.

Mr. John Williams has been engaged as
Head Gardener to J. H. Roberts, Esq., Cefny-
eoed, Carnarvon.

Mr. J. Liddle, late Foreman at Sunningdale
Park, has been engaged as Head Gardener to
A. Weston, Esq., Holme Grange, Wokingham,
Berkshire.

WANT PLACES.

Gardeners, Farm-Bailiffs, Foresters, &c.

DI C K S O N S, Royal Nurseries, Chester,
(Limited), are always in a position to RECOM-
MEND MEN of the highest respectability, and thoroughly
practical at their business. All particulars on application.
Telegraphic and Postal Address—" DICKSONS, CHESTER."

S. WILLIAMS begs to intimate that he

• has at present in the Nursery and upon his Register
some excellent Men, competent either to fill the situation of
HEAD GARDENER, BAILIFF, FOREMAN, or JOURNEY-
MAN. Ladies and Gentlemen requiring any of the above will
please send full particulars, when tire best selections for the
different capacities will be made. — Holloway, N.

RICH ARD SMITH and U~d
beg to announce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gardeners, seeking situations, and that they
will be able to supplyany Lady or Gentleman with particulars,
&c. — St. John's Nurseries, Worcester.

GARDENER (Head), where two or three are
kept. — Age 26 ; well up in all branches. Foreman in
present situation hree years.— A. D., Ditcham Park, Peterslield.

GARDENER (Head).— Married ; abstainer.
Thoroughly experienced in all branches. Highest re-
ferences from last and previous employers.— S. T. M., 15,
Wolverton's Cottages. Harrow Weald, Middlesex.

GARDENER (Head).— Age 43; thoroughly
understands his work ; also Land and Stock if required.
Good references.— GARDENER, Mr. J. S. Bailey, 124, Man-
chester Road, Tyldesley, Manchester.

GARDENER (Head).— Seeks re-engagement.
Very steady, industrious, and thoroughly competent.
First-class testimonials.— For particulars, apply, T. LEWIS,
Gwydir Cottage, Arthog, Dolgelly.

GARDENER (Head).— Late Gardener and
Bailiff at Rook's Nest, Godstone. Fourteen years with
late employer. Left through the place changing hands. First
class testimonials.— J. SQU1BBS, Clayton Cottage, Godstone.

July 20, 1889.J

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

GARDENER (Head).— Age 34, married, one
boy ; good testimonials. Served his time in the best
Gardens in the kingdom.— GARDENER, 88, Arnold Road, Old
'Basford, Nottingham.

To Noblemen or Gentlemen.
pi ARDENER (Head).— Sidney Foud, who

■ v!X is 1 aving Leouardslee, owing to Estate being sold, is
; open to re-engagement. — SIDNEY FORD, Leonardslee,
Horsham, Sussex.

GARDENER (Head).— Married, two children
(youngest, age 10) ; has had the charge of Large
I Gardens, Stock, Sec. Can produce testimonials for ability,
j Good character from last employer— G. L., 11, West Terrace,
£ Fairlawn Park, Lower Sydenham, S.E.

! r\ ARDENER (Head). — Age 39, married ;

VJT thoroughly practical in Orchid, Stove and Greenhouse
! Plants, Vines, &c. Twelve years Gardener and Orchid Grower
I to H. J. Buchan, Esq. Good reference as to character and
' ability.— J. OSBORNE, 3, Amoy Street, Southampton.

| p ARDENER (Head).— No children; great

[ \T practical experience as a Fruit, Flower, and VegetabTe

| Grower. Understands Land and Stock. Highest testimonials

f as to character and ability.— ARMSTRONG, Charlton Cottage,

f St. Mary's Road, Harlesden, N.W .

GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 28,
married, one child ; thoroughly understands all branches
in Gardening. Three years' good character. — J. MARLEY,
Alumhurst, Westbourne, Bournemouth.

ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 28,

married, one child ; thorough knowledge of Vines,
; Store and Greenhouse Plants, Herbaceous, and Kitchen Gar-
i dening. Thirteen years' experience in first-class places. Highly
j recommended. — J. D., 82, Harmood Street, Kentish Town, N.W.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 29,
married; fourteen years' experience in Forcing, Fruit,
I Flowers, Vegetables, Kitchen and Flower Gardening. Five
! years' good character from last place. — T. BKOOKS, 8, Bunker
j Boad. Acton, Middlesex.

GARDENER (Head Working). — Age 48,
married ; long experience as Head Gardener. Well up
i in Fruit, Vegetable, and Decorative Plant Culture ; Land and
: Stock. A thoroughly steady trustworthy man. Highest refer-
! ences. — G. H., 3, Oakleigh Cottages, Whetstone, Middlesex.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Married,
no family ; good experience in Forcing all kinds of Fruit,
Stove, and Greenhouse Plants; also Flower and Kitchen
i Gardening. Twelve years' good character. — J. L., Messrs.
j Lucombe, Pince & Co., Exeter

GARDENER (Head Working). — Age 40,
no family ; twenty-three years' thorough practical expe-
rience in all branches. Understands Land and Stock. Wife
1 understands Dairy, &c. Unexceptional references. — W. D.,
Messrs. Toogood & Finlayson, Nurserymen, &c, 58, Above Bar,
Southampton.

GARDENER (Head Working). — Middle
age, no family ; thoroughly experienced in all branches
of the profession. One who studies his employers. Good
! references. Will be at liberty one month after engagement to
1 any Lady or Gentleman requiring a steady, honest, active,
I and intelligent man. — K., Mrs. Griltln, Town Hall, Brighton.

ARDENER (Head Working) ; age 30.—

William Lee, Esq. (late of Downside, Leatherhead)
will be pleased to highly recommend E. Bristow to any Lady
! or Gentleman requiring a thoroughly efficient and trustworthy
I man as above. Orchids a speciality. Seventeen years' expe-
I rience in first-class establishments. — E. BRISTOW, Downside,
i Leatherhead.

GARDENER (Head Working); age 32.—
D. Williams, Gardener to the Hon. Lord Wimborne,
can confidently recommend his Foreman. W. Trevithick, as
above, who has had sixteen years' experience in large gardens
(ten years as Foreman), as a thoroughly practical man in all
. branches of Horticulture, and the General Requirements of a
;. good Establishment. Abstainer. — The Gardens, Canford
Manor, Wimborne, Dorset.

GARDENER (Head Working, or good
SrNGLE-HANDED).— Middle-aged, single; good expe-
rience in Early and Late Forcing, Plant Growing. Good
, references. — E. F., Mrs. Jarmans, East End, Finchley, N.

GARDENER. — Experienced in all branches ;
fifteen years in last place.— T. S., 18, St. Peter's Grove,
Hammersmith.

GARDENER (Single-handed). — Age 23;
good all-round man. Seven years' experience. Good
character. Total abstainer.— W. WILLIAMS, 96, Charles
Street, West Greenhithe, Kent.

GARDENER (Single-handed), or where
help is given. — Married ; no objection to Horse or Pony.
Twelve years' experience. Good references. — W. ROBINSON,
Mission Parsonage, Skelhiersdale, Ormskirk.

GARDENER (Single-handed), or with help.
— Age 26, married ; thoroughly understands Glass,
Fruit. Flower, and Kitchen Garden. Good character.—
( J. KEMP, Junction Road, Warley, Brentwood, Essex.

GARDENER (Working, Single-handed),
or otherwise.— Age 39, married ; thorough all-round
experience. First-class references. — J. SNOW, 2, Avenue
Road, Woodford Wells, Essex.

GARDENER' (Single-handed or Under). —
Age 21 ; good experience, both Inside and Out. Good
character from last situation. — W. BEADLE, Garden Cottage,
' Emlyn House, Leatherhead, Surrey.

GARDENER (Second or Single-handed).—
Married, one child (age 10 years) ; understands Fruit,
Flower, and Kitchen Gardening. Seven years' character.— C,
Marl Cottage, Fordingbridge, Hants.

GARDENER (Second), in good place.—
Age 24 ; energetic. Excellent character.— A. MOSS,
27, Cardiff Road, Newport, Mon.

/?J_ ARDENER (Second).— A young man seeks

VJ situation as above. Four years' good character. Prefer
to live in the house.— A. COOMBES, 107, Alexandra Road,
Ford, Devonport.

GARDENER (Second).— Age 22, married;
eight years' experience in Houses, Flower and Kitchen
Garden. Excellent character.— G. T. R., The Gardens, Milton
Park, Egham, Surrey.

GARDENER (Second), in good establish-
ment.— Age 22; has had Management of Greenhouses
and Conservatory in a Gentleman's Place. Experienced in
Vines, Melons, Tomatos, and Cucumbers. Sir years' experience.
Can be strongly recommended. Abstainer.— C. V., Sunbeam
House, Mount Pleasant Road, Hastings.

GARDENER (Under or Single-handed).
— Age 23, single ; eight years' experience in good gar-
dens. Good character.— M. T., Bradshott, Selborne, Alton,
Hants.

GARDENER (Under, or Single-handed).
—A young man seeks a situation as above. Willing to
be useful. Total abstainer.— GARDENER, 12, Chandos Road,
Broadstairs.

GARDENER (Under or Single-handed),
in any Nursery.— Age 26, single ; well up in Greenhouse
Work. Good Vegetable Grower. With good reference. —
ALFRED MEECH, Lawn, Shirehampton, Bristol.

a ARDENER (Under), where others are kept,
Inside and Out. — Age 21 ; three years in present place.
Good character— G. BRUNDISH. Taverham Hall, Norwich.

f^_ ARDENER (Under), under a good Gar-

VT dener. — Age 21 ; strong and willing. Good character.
— T. BRINKLOW, Horn Hill, Chalfont St. Peter's, Bucks.

GARDENER (Under), where others are
kept, Inside and Out. — Age 21 ; three years' good cha-
racter.— H. CUTHBERT, The Gardens, Eshton House, Gar-
grave-in-Craven. Yorkshire.

GARDENER (Under).— Age 19; strong and
active. Willing to learn Outside or In. Four years in
present place. — C. DYMOTT, Ashford, Fordingbridge,
Salisbury.

FOREMAN ; in Large Private Establishment.
— Age 28, married, no family; Wife good Laundress if
required.— Write, stating particulars, wages, &c., GARDENER,
Newcroft, Hillingdon, Middlesex.

FOREMAN, PROPAGATOR, or to take
charge of Branch in Market Nursery. — Age 28. married ;
well experienced. Good references.— GEO. H. BELL, 3, Lime
Cottage's, Whitta Road, Manor Park, E.

FOREMAN, or FIRST JOURNEYMAN.—
Age 23; well up in Fruit and Plant Growing. Total
abstainer.— GEORGE HEAD, Carpenders, Watford, Herts.

1 FOREMAN, or Second ; age 24.— J. Trinson,
Head Gardener to Sir George Lampson, Bart., Oakfield,
Poynders Road, Clapham Park, S.W., highly recommends a
strong active ycung man as above; ten years' experience in
large establishments.

NURSERY FOREMAN, or PROPAGATOR.
Age 38; experienced Inside or Out. First-class refer-
ences.—C. WILLIAMS, 139, Hnndcroft Road, Croydon.

PROPAGATOR. — W ell up in Soft-wooded
Roses, In or Outdoors. Twelve years' experience. Good
reference as to ability. — H. B., 2, Shaw Road, Newbury, Berks.

PROPAGATOR and GROWER, Hard-
wooded. — Age 23 ; over eight years' experience in large
Nursery, with Roses, Clematis, Rhododendrons, Sec. — L. A.,
4, Devonshire Place, Hailsham, Sussex.

JOURNEYMAN (First).— Age22; nineyears'
experience in Orchids, Cucumbers, Melons, Stove and
Greenhouse Plants. Good references from previous employers.
— G. R., 20, Wainiight Grove, Garston, Liverpool.

JOURNEYMAN, in a good Establishment.—
Age 20; can be well recommended. Has had good
experience, in Houses and Out. — G. SHEPHERD, Tubney
Lodge, Abingdon, Berks.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, or Inside and
Out. — Age 19. Can have five years' good character. Five
years' experience.— G. MARLOW. Manor House Gardens,
Manor Road, Richmond.

JOUNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 22 ;
eight yenrs' experience in Orchids, Stove and Greenhouse
Plants.— J. HYGATE. 1, Southsea Terrace, Southsea Road,
Kingston-on-Thames.

JOURNEYMAN— Age 20; six years' ex-
perience under Glass. Flower and Kitchen Gardening.
Highly recommended as energetic and persevering. — C.
TATHAM, Folly House, Darley Abbey, Derby.

JOURNEYMAN in Orchid or other Houses.
—Age 20 ; good character. Total abstainer. — W. S., 40,
Cambridge Terrace, Hyde Park, W.

JOURNEYMAN ; age 19.— Mr. E. Molynbdx,

*J Swanmore Park Gardens, Bishop's Waltham, Hants,
would like to recommend a young man to anyone requiring a
thorough steady journeyman, used to either Outside or Inside
work in a Garden. Three years' good character. Address
as above.

IMPROVER, in a Gentleman's Place.— Age 21 ;

J- has had five years in a Nursery. Good character. Total
abstainer.— E. JANAWAY, West Hill, Winchester, Hants.

TMPROVER, under Glass; age 18.— S. Hake,

A Wellmgore, Grantham, would be glad to recommend a
strong youth, as above. Bothy preferred.

TMPROVER, in a Gentleman's Garden.—

„ AS| ?} '• QTee years in present situation.— J. PACKHAM,
Greenfields. Horley, Surrey.

TMPROVER, in a large Garden.— Age 19;

J- two years' excellent character.— Colonel H. BARCLAY,
Cross Oaks. Great Berkhampsted, Herts.

TMPROVER, Indoors.— Age 18; three years'

J- experience in a good establishment. Good character
— E. AKEEMAN, Woodbine Cottage, 5th Cross Roads,
Twickenham.

TMPROVER, in Gentleman's Garden.— Age 18;

X strong, active, willing. Has been working under me, his
father, three years.— REX, Head Gardener to Sir M. H.
Nepean, Bart., Loders. Bridport.

£5 Premium.
TMPROVER, in Nobleman's Establishment.—
J- Age 21 ; abstainer. Well recommended. Bothy pre-
ferred.—Apply, stating wages. W. WILLIAMS, Hearne Villas,
Church Street, Charlton Kings, Cheltenham.

Seedsmen and Florists.
TMPROVER, in good Seed and Florist Estab-

J- lishment. — Willing, strong, and active ; has had two
years' experience. Can be well recommended. Total abstainer.
— QtTINTON, Elm Cottage. Beddington, Croydon.

IMPROVER.— A young man (age 21) wishes
for a situation in the Garden, where he can obtain a
general knowledge in Houses. Bothy preferred. Two years'
good character from present employer.— W. CLARK, Petteridge
Place, Brenchley.

■yO GENTLEMEN and NURSERYMEN.—

J- Advertiser with practical knowledge of Horticultural
Work and Forestry, of good education and address; at present
engaged in Public Gardens; is open to a re-engagement. No
objection to Office Work, combined with Outdoor Supervision.
— A. W., Gardeners Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street,
Strand. W.C.

rPO GARDENERS.— Wanted, situation for

X a quick intelligent Lad (age 15). Eighteen monthis in
the Gardens here. Good character.— HEAD GARDENER,
Hoar Cross Gardens, Burton-on-Trent.

FLORAL ARTIST and DECORATOR, Fi"rst^
class. — Age 25 ; will be disengaged in autumn. Distance
no object. Undeniable testimonials. Well-known in the trade.
— C, 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C.

MANAGER, NURSERY FOREMAN, or
SALESMAN.— Age 38; experienced in all branches of
the Trade. Competent to take journey.— M. N., 41 , Wellington
Strand, W.C. .

MANAGER (Assistant); age 23^.— Adver-
tiser desires engagement as above; thre"e and a half
years with Agricultural Seedsmen ; accustomed to Travelling,
Attending Markets, and Bookkeeping. Excellent references. —
FARM, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

SHOPMAN, or MANAGER. — Age ao ;
thorough knowledge of Seed, Bulb, Plant, and Flower
Trade. Good references.— WM. HARRIS, Hammerwood, East
Grinstead, Sussex.

SHOPMAN.— Age 25; ten years' first-class
experience in leading Provincial Houses. Thoroughly
conversant with all branches of the Trade. Highest references.
— NAGOL, Thomson's, High Street, Birmingham.

SHOPMAN, or CLERK, in Seed, Corn and

O Plant Trade. — At present conducting a branch. Good
reference and experience. — WELSHMAN, Gardenen' Chronicle
Office, 41. Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

SHOPMAN (Assistant), or INVOICE
CLERK.— Well up in Seeds, Bulbs. Cut Flower and Plant
Trade. Good references. — A. GOLDEING, 2tj, Port Hall
Place, Brighton.

ASSISTANT, in the Seed and Bulb Trade.—
By young man ; five years' experience. — .1. P.,
Mr. W. E. Martin, 20, Market Place. Hull.

WANTED, a SITUATION on a Gentleman's
Place, by a respectable Man. with good reference and
experience. Understands thoroughly Heating all kinds of
Buildings by Hot-water; also Plumbing, Glazing, Painting,
Glass, &c — Address F. K., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41,
Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

HOLLOAVAY'S PILLS are strongly recom-
mended to all persons who are much reduced in piwer
and condition, whoso stomachs are weak, and whose nerves are
shattered. The beneficial effects of these Pills will be per-
ceptible after a few days' trial, though a more extended course
may be required to re-establish perfect health. Hollowny's
medicine acts on the organs of digestion, and induces complete
regularity in the stomach, liver, pancreas, and kidneys. This
treatment is both safe and certain in result, and is thoroughly
con si -tent with observation, experience, and common sense. The
purification of the blood, the removal of all noxious matter from
the secretions, and the excitement of gentle action in the bowels,
Are the =ouree* of the curative powers of Holloway's Pills.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Joly 20, 1889.

Send for ILLUSTRATED LIST of

JOHN BLAKE'S

PATENT SELF-ACTING HYDRADLIC

For Raising Water for the Supply of Towns, Villages, Irrigation, Railway Stations, Mansions, Fountains, Farms.

No Cost for Motive Power, which is obtained from the Stream of Water passing through the Ram.

NO OILING OR PACKING REQUIRED.

MADE IN SIZES TO RAISE FROM 300 to 500,000 GALLONS PER DAY. WILL FORCE TO A HEIGHT OF 1500 Feet.
SPECIAL RAMS for HIGH FALLS to send up to Two Gallons out of every Five Gallons passing through them.

BLAKE'S HYDRAULIC

have been supplied to the following amongst others

RAMS

His Royal Highuess the Duke of Connaugh*".

His Highness the Maharajah of Kishruir.

His Grace the Duke of Devonshire.

His Grace the Duke of Westminster.

His Grace the Duke of Cleveland.

His Grace the Duke of Portland.

His Grace the Duke of Sutherland.

The Mu>t Hon. the Mirquess of Rtpon.

The Mast Hon. the Marquess of Down-diire.

The Most Hon. th^ Mirquess of Abergavenny.

Trie Most Hun. the Marquess ot Londonderry.

The Right Hon. the Earl of Derby.

The Right Hon. the Earl of Devon.

The Right Hon. the Earl of Gainsborough,

The Right Hon. the Earl of llchester.

The Right Hon. the Earl of Romoev.

The Right Hon. the Earl of Gran*rd.

The Right Hun. the Earl Beauchamp.

The Rignt Hon. the Earl of Caledoo.

The Rigat Hon. the Earl of Lichfield.

The Countess de Murella.

Lady Henry Cholmondeley, East Burnham Lodge.

The Dowager Lady Williams Wynn.

The Right Hon. Lord Loudesborough.

The Rigat Hon. Lord Hothlield.

The Right Hon. Lor 1 Viscount Galway.

The Ritfht Hun. Lord Le ontield.

The Right Hon. Lord Ribblesdale.

The Right Hon. Lord Hathertou.

The Right Hon. Lord Leigh.

The Right Hon. Lord Raglan.

The Right Hon. and Rev. Lord Scarsdale.

The Right Hon. Lord Brougham ami V'aux.

The Right Hon. Lord Viscount B id port.

The Right Hon. Lord Viscount Clifden.

The Right Hon. Lord Viscount Boyne.

The Right Hon. T. Sotheri»n-Esteourt.

The Right Hon. R. More OTarrell

The Honourable Sir William Ventris Field.

The Hon. George Keuyon.

The Hon. A. C. G. Calthorpe.

The Rev. Hon. E. T. St. John, Bletsoe, B -dford.

Admiral Sir Georg-: Broke-Middleton. Broke Hill. Suffolk.

Sir Fredk. A. Milbauk. Bart.. M.P., Thorp Perrow

Major-Geueral Sir H. M. Havelock-Allen, Bart.

Major-General Fieklen. Witton Park, Blackburn.

General Mackenzie, Fover^n House, Aberde-n.

General Gerard Potter Eaton, The Pole, Cheshire.

Sir Henry A. Hoare, Birt., Stourhead, Bath.

Sir William Fielding, B.irt., Feniseowles.

Sir Rjbjrt Menzie*. Birt , of Men/.ies.

Sir Humphrey De Trafford. Birt., T raff or I Park.

Sir Mieftiel Robert Sunw-Stewart, Bart.

Sir Henry W. Ripley. Bart , Acacia, near Leeds.

S.r Michael Arthur Bass, Birt., M.P.

Sir W. C. Worsey, Birt , Hovinghim Hall, Yorkshire.

Sir Kenneth Smith Vtackenz e. Bart.

Sir William Eden, Birt.. Wmdlestoue, Ferry Hill.

Sir Thomas C. C. Western, Bart., TattUtone, Suff j\k.

Sir John Shelley, Tart.

Sir Julian GuMsmid, Bart.

Sir Edward Bates, Bart.

Sir Edmund Backley, Bart.

Sir A. Woodiwiss, The Pastures, Derby.

Colonel Starkie, Lovely Hall, Blackburn.

Colonel Milligan, Cauldwell Hail, Burtou-on-T,ent.

Colonel Towneley, Towneley, Ltncashire.

Colonel Hargreaves. Maiden Erleigh, Herk>hire.

Colonel Tremayne, M.P., Carclew, Cornwall.

Lieut. -Colonel Loyd, Lillesden, Hawkhur*t.

Edward Macnaghten. Esq., Q C, M.P., Runkerrv.

Colonel Mitford, Mitford Castle. Northumberland.

Colonel Leyland, Nantclwyd Hall. Ruthin.

Colonel France-Hayhurst, Davenham Hall, North \\ieh.

Colonel R. R. Jackson, Lostock Hall, Lancashire.

Colonel J. E. Fo-ter, Sanson Seal, Berwick.

Major J. F. Trist, Tristford, Totnes.

Major Hardmau, Rawten-tail, near Manchester.

Major Bird, Crookhey, Lancaster.

Major J. R. H. Crauford. Craufurdland Castle.

W. Bromlev-Davenport, Esq., M.P.. Cape-«thor :e, Cli .hire.

V. F. Benett-Stanford, Esq., M.P., Pyt House Wilts.

C. F. H. Bolckuw, Esq., Marton Hall, Middlesbrough.

John Hick. Esq., M.P., Mytton Hall, Lancashire.

Hamer Biss, E-q., M.P., Needwoo I Hall. Burton on-Trent.

Wentworth Blackett Beaumont, Esq., M.P.

George Courtauld, Esq.. M.P., Halstead, Esaex.

Godfrey Hawksworth Wentworth, Esq., Wojlley, Wakefield.

Captain Gandy. Skirsgiil Park, Penrith.

Captain Towushend, Wineham.

Captain Bjsanquet. Broom-y- Close, uear Ris*.

Messrs. The Laucashire and Yorkshire Railway Company.

Henry Sandbach, Esq.. Hafodunas, Abergele.

The Venerable C. W. Holbech, Farnborough Hall, Banbury.

The Rev. B. Hallowes, for Muggington Village.

The Rev. H. J. De Salis, Portnall Park, Virginia Water.

The Rev. E. G. Edward*, Trentham, S affordshire.

C. H. Miinwaring. E-q., Whitmore Hall, St iff.

G. H. Pinckard, Esq., Combe Court, Godalmiug.

J. W. Tenule, Esq , Leyswood, Groombridge.

Edwin Waterhouse. Esq., Feldemore, Dorking.

W. Bickford-Smith. Esq.. Travarno, Cornwall.

John Taylor, Esq., The Rocks, Bath.

Trustees of the late John Taylor, Esq., Ashwieke, Bath.

William Roundell, E-q., Gledstoue, SKipton.

Henry Simpson, Esq., Meadowfield, Whitby.

Archibald Dunn. Esq , Neweastle-on-Tyue.

L. Haumer, Esq.. Deunwater, Wilmslow.

W. H. Hornby, Esq., Poole Hall, Nantwich.

H. R. Tomainson, Esq., Reaseheath Hall, Nantwich.

Thos. Grey, Esq., Mitford, Northumberland.

Alexander Hartley, Esq., Pendle Forest.

Fortescue W. K. Long, Esq , Dunston Hall, Norwich.

Messrs. Scott & Edwards, Railway Con'raetors.

Hy. Whitehead, Esq., Hassel Hey. Tottington.

W. J. Stephensnn- Peach, Esq., Hulland Hall, Ashbourne.

H. C. Moffatt, E»q., Goodrich Court, Ross, Hereford.

James Ormrod, Esq., Pen-v-Lan, Ruabon.

W. R. Adamson, Esq., Rus'hton Park, Battle.

J. T. Dillwyu-Llewelyn, Esq , Penllergare.

F. Bacon Frank, Esq., Campiall Hall, Doncaster.

Chas. Page Wood, Esq.. Wakes Hall, Essex.

C. W. Kellock, Esq., Highfields, Audlem. Cheshire

Edwin W. Streeter, Esq., F.R G.S., Sackville Street, Buxred.

Quiutin Hogg, Esq., Holly Hill. Southarapto i.

John Bowes, Esq., Streatlam Castle, Durham.

Alexander Henry Browne, E-q , Callaley Castle, Alnwi -k.

Bernard Husey Hunt, Esq., Compton Pauncefoot, Somerset.

J. A. Darlington, Esq., Bourton Hall, Rugby.

St. Lawrence's College. Ampleforth, Yorks.

A. C. Phillipps-de-Lisle. Esq.. Garendon Park. L inghborou ^h.

W. M. Ince-Anderton. Esq., Euxton Hall, I horley.

Charles Eccles, Esq., Stjn> wood, Honiton. 1 evon.

C. B. E. Wright, Esq , Bulton Hall. Clitherce.

G. Troyte-Bullock.E-q., North Coker House Yeovil.

Eil ward L. Tomlin, Esq., Angley Park, Ken(t.

T. F. Twemlow, Esq., Betley Court, Crewe.

Chas. C. Capel, Esq , Foots Cray Fisheries. Kent.

R. Andrews, Esq.. Prestbury Hall. Cheshire.

John Hampson, Esq., Ullenwood, Cheltenham.

Richard Smethurst. Esq., Ellerbeck Hall, Lancashire.

Edwin Grundy Wrigley, E-q., Howick House, Presto j.

C. R. Collins, Esq., Strath Culme House, Hele, Devon.

S. S. White, Esq , Manor House, Weatherstield, Essex.

The Corporation of lilackburn.

J. Barnes, Esq.. Contractor. Chatburn and Hellefield R.,.Uvay.

The Executors of John Hargreives, Esq.. Burnley.

G. Redm ivne, Esq., Brathay Hall, Ambleside.

Thomas Mason, E-q.,.Alkincoates Hall. Colne.

Basil Sparrow, Esq., Gosfield Place, Halstead, Essex.

R. O. Leycester, Esq., Toft Hall, near Knutsford.

Fred. Lion, Esq., Seighford Hall. n«-nr Stifford.

Lovatt Ayshford Wise, Esq.. Clayton H til, Stoke-on-Trent,

John Walker. Esq., Mount St. John, Thirsk.

Henry Alison, Fsj., Park Hall, Chorley.

John Pennington, E-»q., Emmot H ill, near Colne.

The New Zealand Government Railway.

Hubert Galton. Esq.. Had/or House. Droitwich.

Manchester Corporation Waterworks.

William Farmer, Esq., Coworth Park.

Robert Thornton, Esq , High Cross, Framfip'd.

G. B lyley-Worthington, Esq., Sharstou Hall, Cheshire.

David Russell, Esq., Silverburn, Leven.

T. F. Ashe, Esq.. Ankelow Hall, Cheshire.

Hilton G. eaves, Esq.. Ankelow House, Au'llem, Cheshire.

The Lillieshall IronCompmy, Salop.

The Castle Brick Company, Northop, Flint.

The Leyland and Farnngdon Gas Compaiy.

Benjamin Chaffer, Esq,, Monkhall Quarries, Burnley.

Charles Hill, Esq., Rockhuist, Sussex.

Messrs. A. & W. Law, Manufacturers, Littteborough.

Edward Singleton, E-q., Preston De mery, Northampton.

W. Hensman, Esq., Flint Hill. Wiuwick, near Rugby.

T.J. w aller, Esq., Contractor, Chatburn and He'lefidld Riihva '.

Thos. Barber. E>q., Eastwool, Notts.

J. R. Shaw, Esq , Arrowe Park, Cheshire.

Thos. Townley Townley-Parker, Esq.. Cuerden, Lane ishire.

John Fielden. E>q., Grim-don Park, Tidcsster.

Rev. Can^n Bridges. The Avenue. Ewell, Epsom.

Dr. G. W. Mould. Loxley Hall, Uttoxeter.

A. Stead, Esq., Woodley, Romsey, H tnts.

John Rowe Bennion. E-.q., Nursted House, Pete^field,

J Speuder Clay. Esq.. Ford Manor, Surrey.

The Guardians of the Sheffield Union (New Workhouse).

The Stockport District Waterworks Company.

The Brignorth Union Rural Sanitary Aurhority.

The North Bierley Local Board Sewage Works.

Richard Mercer. Esq., Sandling Place. Maidstone.

James cm thells. Esq. (Caledonian Ra lway), Rivington.

Chas. J. Ebdeu, Esq., Baldslow Man^r, Ha-tncs.

T. H. Sidebottom. Esq.. M.P., Etherow House, Hadfield.

Messrs. J. & T..H. Sidebottom. Snowshill Manor.

J. A. Sidebottom, Esq., Hadfield, Manchester.

JOHN BLAKE, hydraulic ram works, ACCRINGTON, LANCASHIRE.

Editorial Communications should be addressed to " The Editor ;" Advertisements and Business Letters to " The Publisher," at the Office. 41, Wellington Street, Corent Garden, London, W.C
Printed bv William Richarth. at the Office of Messrs. Bradbury, AGNEW, & Co.. Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City of London, in the Ounty of Middlesex, and published by the
slid William Richards at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covrent Garden in the said County.— Saturday, July 20, 1889. Agent for Manchct r— John Hevwood.

Established 1841

No. 135.— Vol. VI.

/ Thihd \
ISebies./

SATUEDAY, JULY 27, 1889.

[Regt. as a Newspaper. (PRICE v»(J .

I Post-free, 3*d.

CONTENTS.

Albuca trichophylla ... 94
Acineta chrysantha ... 91
Aganisia ccerulea ... 95

Alstromerias 103

American notes 107

Apiary, the 97

Carnations, hardy

Caterpillars

CattleyaMossiffi..

,, superba

Cedar pencils

Chrysanthemum maxi-
mum ...

Clianthus Dampieri
Clissold Park
Crossandra undulifolia ...
Dendrobium transparens

alba

Esparto in Tripoli
Evening Primrose
Flower garden, the
Fruit crops, condition of

the 99

Fruits under glass ... 98
Gardeners' Orphan Fund,
the 104, 100

... 110
93, 110
.. 106
9i
... 96

110
110
1''7
109

95
107
109
109

Gardening appointments

Hardy fruit garden

High-moulding for Pota-
toes

Jute and Cotton, inflam-
mability of

Kitchen garden...

Oncidium spleudidum ...

Orchid nomenclature ...
,. notes

Plants and their culture

Polemonium paucitlorum

Roses, shortening the
names of

Rubus occidentalis

Scotch flora, influence of
human ageucy on

Societies : —
National Carnation ...
„ Rose, Sheffield ...
Royal Horticultural ...
Tunbridge Wells

Tree-bridge in Gippsland

Trees and vestries

Veitch, J., & Son's Nur-
sery

Illustrations.

Polemonium paucitlorum

Sage, the late Mr. G

Tree-bridge in Gippsland, N.S.W

Vine in pot for table decoration

118
98

107
98
96
104
104
98
96

96
110

111

112
111

113
107

97
109
105
106

Advertisers' are specially requested to note, that,
under no circumstances whatever, can any
particular position be guaranteed for ad-
vertisements occupying less space than an
entire column.

Now ready. In clots, lis. 6d.

7*<HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
Vol. V.. Third Series, JAN. to JUNE. 1889.
W. RICHARDS, 41. Wellington Street. Strand, W.C.

mHE GASI)ENrE~RS' ~CHRONICLE

A. IN AMERICA.

The Subscription to America, including Postage, is g4.30 for
Twelve Months.

Agent for America:— E. H. LITtBY, "The American Garden."
751, Broadway, New York, to whom American Orders may
be sent.

LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
ASSOCIATION.
The TENTH SUMMER EXHIBITION of PLANTS.
FLOWERS, FRUITS, and VEGETABLES. Grand Gymnastic
display. Naval Tournament, and Exhibition of Bees, will be
held on the Police Cricket and Athletic Grounds, Fairfield, on
SATURDAY and MONDAY, August 3 and 5. Entries close,
July 21. Schedule of Prizes on application to

EDWARD BRIDGE. Se •., Tarbock Road, Huyton.

U T T O N and . C H E A M

HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.
The TWENTY-SIXTH ANNUAL SHOW will be held on
WEDNESDAY, August 14. 1889. by kind permission of H.
Lindsay Antrobus, Esq., in the ground* of Lower Chenm
House, Sutton. Bands of the W. Division Metropolitan
Police and S. M. D. Schools will Play during the Afternoon
and Evening. Mrs. Cubittwill Distribute the Prizes at 6 P.M.
At 8.30 P.M., a Grand Display of Fireworks by Messrs. T. C.
Brock & Co. Grounds open at 2 o'clock for Subscribers on
presenting their Tickets, and to the Public on payment of
2s. 6d. Admission after 4 o'clock, 1.?. ; after 6 o'clock, 6if. :
Children, Half-price. For further information, apply to

Mr. W. R. CHURCH. Secretary. Sutton.

CALNE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.
TWENTY-FIFTH ANNUAL EXHIBITION.
12 STOVE snd GREENHOUSE PLANTS, £15. £10. £5.
6 ORNAMENTAL FOLIAGE PLANTS, £5, £2 10s., £1 5s.
8 EXOTIC FERNS. £3. £1 10s., 15s.
« FUCHSIAS, £3. £1 10s , l.-s.
KOSES, 36 varieties, Cup or £5, 50s., 30s.

Apply to FRED. C. HENLY, Hon. Sec.

AfAIDENHEAD HORTICULTURAL

SOi SOCIETY.

The ANNUAL SHOW will be held in the Grounds of Ray
Lodge, Maidenhead, on THURSDAY, August 15, 1889. Entries
Close August 8. Schedules from—

Ray Park Cottage, Maidenhead. Mr. O. KING, Secretary.

LILIES OF THE VALLEY!
English-grown !
The best for early forcing, finest large flowers, and superior
in every respect to German crowns. Price per 1000, 10.000. to
100,000 on application.

T. JANNOCH, Lily of the Valley Grower by Special Appoint-
ment to H.R.H. The Prince of Wales, Dersingham, King's
Lynn, Norfolk.

PALMS. — Leading decorative sorts in many
sizes, great quantities, and in finest health.
FRANCIS R. KINGHORN. Nurseryman, Richmond, Surrey,
and Flower Market, Covent Garden. W.C.

PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION of CHOICE
DAFFODILS.— Bulbs now ready (and better for early
plantation), being surplus from the finest private collection in
the kingdom. Some good LILIES in September from same
gardens. Lists —WOOD'S Hardy Plant Club. Kirkstall. Leeds.

KAFFRARIAN PALM. — Fresh Seeds in
July of PHOENIX RECLINATA.
Apply to Messrs. HURST AND SON. 152, Houndsditch. E. ;
or to J. C. NELSON, Cambridge Nurseries, Kaffraria, South
Africa. Nurserymen's CATALOGUES desired.

NATIVE PLANTS, FERNS, and SEEDS, of
New Zealand :— Ranunculus Lyalli. R. Buchanani, R.
Godleyanus, Cordylinis, Clematis, Celmisias, Ourisias. &c—
Can be supplied in any quantity at low rates by GEORGE MAT-
THEWS, Nurseryman and Seedsman, Duuedin, New Zealand.

BAKU'S CATALOGUES

Free on application.
List of Autumn-flowering Crocus and Meadow Saffron.
Daffodil Catalogue, Illustrated, contains the only complete
list of these beautiful hardy spring flowers.

Bulb Catalogue of cheap, rare, beautiful hardy bulbs, &c,
for all sea-sons.

Plant Catalogue of hardy, free-flowering, beautiful perennials
for flower borders, and as cut flowers.

Seed CATALOGUE, ready 1st January, 1890.
EARR AND SON. 12, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

LILY 0~F T H E VALLEY.
First-class German flowering Crowns.

Any quantity.

H. D A M M \ N N, J un.,

Treslau.

13RIMULAS, Double White, 5s. per doz., 35$.
per 100. Prices for quantities on application. Terms
cash with order.

TAYLOR AND CO..
Nurser\men, Timperley, Cheshire.

The Best Present for a Gardener.
INKS and VINE CULTURE.

The most complete and exhaustive Treatise on

Grapes and their Culture ever published.

New Edition.

Price 55., post-free 5s. 6d.

A. F. BARRON. Royal Horticultural Society, Chiswick.

1 /' VARIETIES of STRAWBERRIES, which

II) R. Gilbert considers the cream. They include all the
modern varieties, but the good old Standards are not forgotten.
In pots for forcing, and ordinary hand layers.

Send for R. G.'s STRAWBERRY LIST, where all are
described and priced, with Hints upon Culture. Warranted
true to name.

R. GILBERT. High Park. Stamford.

f\)R SALE, 33 FRUIT TREES in pots.—
9 Nectarines, 9 Peaches, o Plums, 6 Oranges, 3 Pears.
All the above are hue trees, from 4 to (3 feet hign, clean, and
in good condition.

The GARDENER, Stoneleigh. Edgerton, Huddersfield.

ANTED, a few Dozen Stock Plants of

PANDANUS VEITi'HII and DRAC.SNAS LINDENII
and MASSANGEANA ; in EXCHANGE, or for Cash.

Send full particulars to B. S. WILLIAMS. Victoria and
Paradise Nurseries, Upper Holloway, London, N.

LAXTON'S NEW STRAWBERRIES
Must be grown by all.
Descriptive LIST, with prices of "Latest of All" (new,
1889), "Noble," "A. F. Barron," "Commander," &c, now
ready. Six First-class Certificates.

See large Advertisement, page 93.
THOMAS LAXTON, Seed Grower, Bedford.

BULBS — BULBS — BULBS.— The cheapest
offer of first-class Bulbs ever submitted to the Public,
the finest produced in Holland (selected by us on the spot)
being offered at auction Prices. Many peoplelast yeardoubted
the possibility of really first-rate Bubs, true to name, being
offered at the rates we quoted, and only pave us half their
orders in order to compare the blooms with those produced
from bulbs supplied by other firms. Our Bulbs stood the test
in every ea'.e, and we have received many Testimonials of a
most ilattcring character. CATALOGUES now ready.
J. R. PEARSON AND SONS, Chilwell Nurseries, Notts.

ROMAN HYACINTHS, NARCISSUS,
LILIUMS, TUBEROSES, and many other FRENCH
BULBS, grown and offered by LOUIS BREMOND, Sis.
Ollioules, Frince.

WHOLESALE LIST Ol application to WILLIAM DEN-
MAN, 7, Catherine Street. Covent Garden, London, W.C.

^^TrsT^SIXKINST" — Double White Pink
X Pipings, flower large as a Carnation, strike well now,
25, Is. ; 3s. per 100. post-free.

SHEPPARD, Seedsman. Hounslow, Middlesex.

Dutch Bulbs Direct from the Growers.

ANT. ROOZEN and SON, of Overveen,
Haarlem, beg to slate that their CATALOGUE for 18S9,
containing details of their immense Collections of New, Rare,
and fine Bulbs and Plants (94 pages in English) is now ready,
and will, as usual, be sent post-free, on application to them-
selves or their Agents, Messrs. MERTENS AND CO., 3, Cross
Lane, St. Mary-at-Hill, London, E.C.

ctrn wl)e rriGS

CHARLES TURNER'S New and Descriptive
LIST is now ready, and may be had free on application.
The Royal Nurseries, Slough.

Strawberries, from the Garden of England.

GEORGE BUNYARD and CO. can now
offer very line Runners and Plants in small pots of all
the finest kinds. LIST free.

Old Nurseries, Maidstone.

STRAWBERRY RUNNERS for FORCING.
—Black Prince, Thury, Paxton, President, and other
favourite varieties. Descriptive LIST, with prices, ou appli-
cation. Sample of plants, post-free, 3d.

W. LOVEL AN'D SON, Strawberry Planters, Driffield.

TRAWBERRIES.— Leading kinds, in 3i-inch

pots, for immediate Planting or Potting on for Forcing.
Send for LIST.

FRANCIS R. KINGHORN. Sheen Nurseries, Richmond,
Surrey ; and Flower Market, Covent Garden, W.C.

RHUBA KB.— 20,000 large Roots, ten years
obi, suitable for forcing. £1 per 100, on rail. Cash with
order. J. J. CLARK. West Brighton. Sussex.

DICKSON'S IMPROVED MUSHROOM
SPAWN, most superior, now reduced to 5s. per bushel
of 14 cakes. Circular with Cultural Notes and List of
Testimonials post-free on application.
DICKSONS (Limited). The Royal Seed Warehouse. CHESTER.

THOMSON'S IMPROVED VINE and PLANT
MANURE. — This valuable Manure is made only hy us.
Every bag and tin has our name on it. To be had of all Nursery
and Seedsmen, and direct from us. 1 cwt. and over carnage
paid. London Agent— Mr. GEORGE. 10, Victoria Road, Putney.
WM. THOMSON and SONS, Clovenfords, Galashiels, N.B.

C~HRY SAN T H EMU M CULTURE.—
Standen's Manure, admitted by growers to be unrivalled
for this purpose ; in tins. Is., 2s. Qd., bs. Qd., and 10*. tW. each.
Sold by all Seedsmen,

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Jul* 27, 1889.

SALES by AUCTION.

North Dulwich.

CLEARANCE SALE of the whole of the well-grown GREEN-
HOUSE PLANTS, comprising many fine Specimen Ferns,
Palms, Crotons, Sec, 60 Camellias and Azaleas, fine Orange
Trees, quantity of well-grown Orchids, 200 Chrysanthe-
mums. &c.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL the above by AUCTION, oo the Premises,
" Meoival," 2 minutes' walk from North Dulwich Station, on
TUESDAY NEXT, July 30, at 1 o'clock precisely, by order of
H. Barrett, Esq., who is going abroad.

May be viewed the day prior and morning of Sale. Cata-
logues had of Mr. J. WAKEHAM, Gardener on the Premises ;
and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.G.

Acton.

Important to Builders, Florists, Speculators, and others.
An exceedingly CHOICE FREEHOLD ESTATE.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are

IVJL instructed to SELL by AUCTION, at the Mart. Token-
house Yard, London, E.C., on WEDNESDAY, July 31, at
2 o'clock, in one Lot, the VALUABLE FREEHOLD NUR-
SERY or BUILDING ESTATE, known as the Priory Nursery,
Acton Lane, Acton, situate within a few minutes walk of
Acton, South Acton, Acton Green, and Turnham Green
Railway Stations.

The Estate comprises an area of about 4 Acres, with 28 well-
built Greenhouses, containing nearly 40,000 feet of Glass,
heated by 9000 feet of Hot-water Piping, Stabling for 4 Horses,
Coach Houses, and Numerous Trade Buildings. The Property
possesses great advantages for being continued as a Nursery,
but the Land is thoroughly ripe for Building Purposes, and,
with the important frontages of 383 feet, affords ample scope
for development for Building Purposes. The Subsoil is fine
Sand. Possession will be given on completion of the purchase.

Particulars, with plan, may be had on the Premises; at the
Mart, E.C. ; of Messrs. FORD, LLOYD, BARTLETT AND
MICHELMORE, Solicitors, 4, Bloomsbury Square, W.C. ; of
W. H. HUDSON, Esq.. Solicitor, 1, Fumival's Inn, E.C. ; and
of the Auctioneers and Surveyors, 67 and 68, Cheapside,
London, E.C. ; and Leytonstone.

Friday Next.

CYPRIPEDIUM SCHLIMII.
CATTLEYA AUREA.
CATTLEYA GIGAS.
ODONTOGLOSSUM VEXILLAKIUM.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Mr. J. Charlesworth, of Heaton, Bradford,
to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and
63, Cheapside, London, E.C, on FRIDAY NEXT, August 2, at
half-past 12 o'clock precisely, an exceedingly fine lot of
IMPORTED ORCHIDS, brought home personally by the
Collector ; the plants are, therefore, in the finest possible
condition, and intending purchasers need not fear losing any.

Special attention is drawn to the Cattleya aurea ; they sur-
pass any offered before. The Collector saw some of them in
bloom, and was struck with the large size and colouring of the
flowers. He found amongst them three very fine Hybrid
Cattleya gigas and aurea, and no doubt there will be more in
the lots offered.

The phmts are in capital condition, well-leaved, and
perfectly dormant.

The Odontoglos&um vexillarium have been collected in the
same locality as last year, whence those drirk and large-
flowering varieties come ; they are no doubt the finest strain
known, varying in colour to great extent. Flowers will be
shown at the Sale.

Cattleya gigns, a very dark and large-flowering type,
embracing pieces of marvellous size. A plant in flower was
shown at the Royal Horticultural Society's meeting at Chis-
wick on July 9.

Also a few plants of CYPRIPEDIUM SCHLIMII, ODONTO-
GLOSSUM LUTEO PURPUREUM SCEPTRUM.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Friday Next.

ORCHIDS IN FLOWER.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
include in the SALE at their Central Sale Rooms,
67 and 68. Cheapside, E.C, on FRIDAY NEXT, August 2, a
large quantity of ORCHIDS in FLOWER, from various
collections.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Thursday Next.— (Sale No. 7959.)

ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, many in Flower and Bud.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his SALE
by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT, August 1, at
half-past 12 o'clock precisely, a fine lot of ESTABLISHED
ORCHIDS, from various Collections, comprising many fine
varieties and rare species, chiefly in Flower and Bud.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Thursday Next.— (Sale No. 7959.)

The COLLECTION of ORCHIDS formed by T. M. Shuttle-
worth, Esq.

MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instructions
from T. M. Shuttleworth, Esq., who is giving up hi9
Town House, to SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 33,
King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY" NEXT,
August 1, at halt-past 12 o'ciock precisely, his Collection of
ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, comprising choice varieties,
Cattleya Mendelii, C Trianre, Odonto^lossum Alexandras, O,
Harryanum, and O. vexillarium, Sophronitesgrandiflora (large
form), Lielia anceps, L. purpurata, Dendrobes, &c.

Also flue PALMS, AZALEAS, about 50 splendid pots of
EUCHARIS AMAZONICA, in fine condition ; E. CANDIDA,
and E. MASTERSII, &c.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Special Sale of Orchids In Flower and Bud.

MR. J. C. STEVENS begs to announce that
his NEXT SPECIAL SALE of ORCHIDS in FLOWER
and BUD, will take place at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C. .onTHURSDAY, August 15, and he will be
glad if Gentlemen desirous of ENTERING PLANTS FOR THIS
JSALE, will plea,.- SEND LISTS AS SOON A3 POSSIBLE

THE ADVERTISER, a Practical Gardener,

JL would like to RENT a PRIVATE GARDEN, with one or
two Glass-houses and Cottage ; or, a Small NURSERY.

Address particulars, A. B., 9, Bath Road, Banbury.

LX)K SALE, a compact FLORIST and SEED

JL BUSINESS, with Dwelling-house, Shop, and Nursery in
main market thoroughfare, and g.-Od Shop opposite thestation.
Apply, W. A., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington
Street, Strand, W.C

MUST RE DISPOSED OF, IMMEDIATELY,
an Old-established SEED BUSINESS, being through
death. No reasonable offer refused. Address,
_ SEEDS, G. A. Stewart. Solicitor, 60, Fore Street, E.C.

Dunholme, near Lincoln.

TO BE SOLD, a good MARKET GARDEN,
about 3 acres, well stocked with Fruit Trees and all
kinds of Vegetables, in highly profitable condition, together
with 2 Cottages adjoining garden.

For particulars, apply to Mr. S. ELLIS, on the Premises.

TAJR KALE, privately, VINERIES, HOT-

X? HOUSES, and GARDENS, within 30 miles of Glasgow,
5 minutes' from Railway Station, wholly enclosed by ?tone
walls. There are 6 Houses, embracing about 12,000 feet of
Glass, producing on an average 2 tons of Grapes, 1 ton
of Tomatos. One acre of Ground under Strawberries. There
is also capital Dwelling-house, Coach-house and Stables within
the grounds.

The Glasgow Market and Hotels afford ready outlet for
whole produce, and the Purchaser would have the benefit of
the valuable business connection which haa been formed.

To a Gardener with little means this affords a splendid
opportunity for acquiring a going business.

For further particulars apply to Messrs. PROTHEROE AND
MORRIS, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C. ; or to GORDON
SMITH and PARKER, Solicitors, 205, Hope Street, Glasgow,
who will give Cards of Admission to see the Properties.

Snaresbrook, N.E.— To Nurserymen and Florists.
'"PO Lb.T or for SALE, a commodious Freehold

JL HOUSE, with Outbuildings, 4 Glass-houses, and about

half an acre of Land. A first-classopening for an eDergetic man.

SUTTON ABKOTT, Auctioneer. The Mall, Wanstead, N.E.

To Market Gardeners.

TO BE SOLD or LET, large GREEN-
HOUSES, containing 15,000 feet of Glass, situated close
to Liverpool. Returns can be seen, showing from £10 to £20
per week, in the season. Splendid houses for Tomatos. Rent
£90, including Cottage and 5 Acres of Land.

Further particulars from DONNISON and EDWARDS,
Solicitors, 41, Lord Street, Liverpool.

Ponder's End, Middlesex (8 miles from London).

To NURSERYMEN and FLORISTS.

TO BE LET, on Lease, one to twenty acres
of rich MEADOW LAND for 21, 60, or 80 years at £10 to
£12 per acre, with option of Purchasing the Freehold during
the first 9 years.

Apply to A. and G. QUIVER, Land Agents, Ponder's End,
Middlesex.

death of
thouses, well-
heated Pits, good Stabling, Sheds, and Outhouses. Situated
in St. Juhn's Wood.— Apply, 18, Finchley Road, N.W.

rPO LET, an Old-established MARKET

JL NURSERY, of an acre, 8 Houses, &c, well stocked, at a
valuation. — Apply, BOUNDS, Green Nursery, New Southgate.

rPO BE LET, with immediate possession,

JL 1J acres of good walled-in GARDEN, planted with Fruit
Trees, Asparagus, &c, and containing 132 feet of 19 feet rafted
Vineries, in full bearing ; also Cucumber or Tomato House,
4 feet 6 inches by 12 feet, all heated ; Gardener's House and
Cottage, Stable, Cart Lodge, Pig and Fowlhouse, all in grounds.
Within quarter of an hour's distance of Westgate-on-Sea and
New Birchington-on-Sea.

Apply, Mr. JOHN GREAVSON, Lingfield, Westgate-on-Sea.

To Nurserymen.— A good Opportunity.
rpO LET, VICARAGE NURSERY, Vicarage

JL Road, Lower Tottenham, consisting of double-fronted
House of nine rooms, and five Glass-houses in rear of house.
Rent £15 per annum ; or could be purchased, payment to
extend over a term of years.

Apply to CARETAKER on Premises to view.

rrO LET, FLORIST and SEED BUSINESS,

JL High Street, Tunbridge Wells. Immediate possession.
STURT asp CO.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

(JOHN COWAN), Limited,

Make SPECIALTIES of the following:—

ORCHIDS, of which they have an immense stock, and they are
constantly receiving fresh importations from various parts
of the world.

ORCHID BASKETS, made of thebestTeak and Copper Wire.

COWAN'S PATENT ORCHID POTTERY, which should be
used f jr all Orchids.

ORCHID PEAT Of best quality. Sphagnum MOSS. Best
Wood CHARCOAL.

TEA and Other ROSES In pots. The Company have a
large and splendid stock, all healthy and vigorous.

FERNS, a large and fine stock of the leading kinds.

GRAPE VINES. The Company's Stock is, as usual, unsur-
passed by any in the country. Strong Vines raised from
eyes this season, fit for immediate planting.

STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, suitable for table
and other purposes, in great variety.
The Company offer all the above at the lowest possible

prices. Descriptive PRICE LISTS, post-free, on application to

THE VINEYARD AND NURSERIES,
GARSTON, LIVERPOOL.

rPO LET, on Lease (owing to the

JL owner), a compact NURSERY, 11 Greenhc

3, Agar Street, Strand, W.C.

NATIONAL Co-
operative FLOWER
SHOW, to be held at the
Crystal Palace on August 17,
in connection with the Great
Co-operative Festival and Ex-
hibition. FIVE HUNDRED
POUNDS in Prizes and Medals.
Entries close August 7. Sche-
dules free on application to
the Agricultural and Horti-
cultural Association (under
whose auspices the 'Show is
held).

EDWD. OWEN GREEN-
ING, Secretary.
; Creek Road, Deptford, S.E.

GARDENERS' ORPHAN FUND.

Result of the Election at the Annual General
Meeting, July 19, 1889.

Names of Candidates.
ALLEN, WILLIAM CHARLES

BUTCHER. FRANK .' ..

CHAPELOW, OLIVE

DEEDMAN, BESSIE STRONACH .

GRIEVE, MARY

GUTHRIE, DAVID GEORGE...
HENDERSON, THOMAS
IRELAND, ARTHUR JOHN ...

LACEY, ARTHUR

MOSEDALE, EDMUND WALKER
PRESTO X, HARRY ROBINSON
SKELTON, HENRY EDMUND

TAYLOR, BESSIE

TODD, ROBERT. JAMES

No. of Votes.

... 133

... 43

... 87

... 73

... 47

... 108

... 44

... 233

... 49

... 151

... 103

... 55

... 237

... 92

The Meeting thereupon declared Bessie Taylor. Arthur
John Ireland, Edmund Walker Mosedale, William
Charles Allen, David George Guthrie, and Harry
Robinson Preston, duly elected.

A. F. BARRON, Hon. Sec.
Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens,
Chiswick, July 22, 1889.

HENRY SQUELCH (late Squelch & Barn-
ham) RECEIVES CONSIGNMENTS of good Black
Grapes, Muscats, Cucumbers, Tomatos, and Beans ; also all
kinds of choice Hothouse Flowers. H. Squelch's trade being
especially for First-class Hothouse Produce, and he having a
connection amongst the best Houses in London and Country, is
able to command highest Market Prices. Account Sales fur-
nished daily, and accounts settled weekly, or as desired.
Empties and Labels Supplied. Bankers' and other references.
North Row, Covent Garden Market, W .C.

MESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS,
Nurserymen. Sidcup, and 285, 286, 287, 288, Flower
Market, Covent Garden, London, W.C., are open to RECEIVE
CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS in any quantity
for their Commission Department. Boxes and Labels supplied.
Telegraph Address — " COMMISSION, SIDCUP."

Surplus Cut Flowers.

HOOPER and OO. (Limited) RECEIVE and
DISPOSE of any quantity of above at best Market
Prices. Boxes, &c, supplied. — Address, Commission Depart-
ment, HOOPER AND CO. (Limited), Covent Garden, W.C.

JW. BARNHAM (late of Squelch &
• Barnham) RECEIVES ON COMMISSION, GRAPES,
TOMATOS, and other Choice FRUITS ; also FLOWERS. His
personal attention securing highest Market Prices. Account
Sales daily, and cheques at option. Baskets and labels found.
Long Market, Covent Garden, W.C.

PEACHES, FIGS, MELONS, GRAPES,
CUCUMBERS, TOMATOS, &c. Highest Market Prices
guaranteed. Prompt Cash.— HENRY RIDES, Covent Garden.

BARTERS' "TESTED"

FOR PRESENT SOWING.

SEEDS

CABBAGE.— CARTERS HEARTWELL
MARROW, acknowledged to be the finest early Cabbage
in cultivation, price Is. 6d. per ounce, Gd. and Is. per packet,
post-free.

CARTERS* MAMMOTH BEEFHEART, the best main
crop Cabbage, price Is. Gd. per ounce, Gd. and Is. per packet,
post-free.

T ETTUCE.— CARTERS' GIANT WHITE

X-A COS, price 2s. 6d. per ounce, 6<f. and Is. per packet,
post-free.

DUNNETT'S GIANT WINTER COS, price 2s. Qd. per ounce,
Gd. and Is. per packet, post-free.

ALL THE YEAR ROUND, price Is. 3d. per ounce, 6rf. per
packet, post-free.

ON I O N.— CARTERS' GOLDEN GLOBE
TRIPOLI, price Is. and 2s. M. per packet, post-free.
CARTERS' GIANT WHITE TRIPOLI, price Is. per ounce ;
6<f. per packet, post-free.

CARTERS' WHITE EMPEROR, price Is. and 2s. 6d. per
packet, post-free.

ARTERS', Royal Seedsmen by Sealed

Warrants, 237 and 238, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON.

Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocus, Lilies, &c.

CG. VAN TUBERGEN, Jun., Haarlem,
• Holland.— Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and
mav be had free on application to

Messrs. R. SILBERRAD and SON, 25, Savage Gardens,
Crntched Friars, London, E.C.

July 27, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

NEW DEPARTURE IN TUFTED PANSIES (VIOLAS).

A DELIGHTFULLY SCENTED TRUE WHITE VIOLA, "COUNTESS OF WHARNCLIFFE,"

With a clear Eucharis white flower of grand substance ; stout stalks, 4 to 5 inches long, stems thick, unusually erect and bushy, robust ; may be shorn in handfuls
for vase decoration ; in effect equalling or surpassing the Orchid Ccelogyne cristata. One of the finest white, cool-frame, pot plants ever introduced. Sensational
market and window plant ; thoroughly tested in the rooms heie last spring, cut, and in pots. Described by the Editor of The Garden,, June 20th last, as " worth a
dozen of even those with the best points ;" and besides which popular " pure white " varieties sent for comparison, and figured as such in The Garden, are described
as " Yellow." To be sent out about August and onwards. Stock limited. Prepaid Orders only acknowledged, and booked in strict rotation.

Price, 3s. per Plant ; 30s. per dozen.

J. SIMPSON, GARDENS, WORTLEY HALL, SHEFFIELD.

EARLY WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS,

Double Roman and Paper-white Narcissus.

JAMES VEITCH & SONS

BEG TO ANNOUNCE THEY HAVE BECEIVEB THEIR USUAL CONSIGNMENTS OF

THE ABOVE VALUABLE BULBS FOR EARLY FORGING,

And will be pleased to receive Orders for immediate delivery.

ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY, KING'S ROAD, CHELSEA, LONDON, S.W.

STRAWBERRIES.

JAMES VEITCH & SONS

BEG TO INTIMATE THAT THEY

CAN SUPPLY ALL THE LEADING KINDS OF THE ABOVE,

either in Pots or prepared Runners.

' Special LIST, just published, and can be had on application.
ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY, KING'S ROAD, CHELSEA, S.W.

PALMS AND FOLIAGE.

SPECIALTIES.

An immense Stock alway9 on hand of the leading varieties,
in finest possible condition. ARECAS, CHAHkEROPS, CORY-
PHAS, COCOS. KENTIAS, LATANIAS. SEAFORTHIAS,
PHCENIX, FICUS ELASTICA, ARALIAS. A very large Stock
of extra-sized plants of the above varieties, from 6 to 12 feet.

WILLIAM ICETON, Putney Park Lane, Putney; and 129 &
130, Covent Garden Flower Market.

FERNS A SPECIALTY.

The finest, most varied, choice, and interesting
Collection in the Trade.
1400 species and varieties of Stove, Greenhouse, &. Hardy Ferns.
Partially descriptive CATALOGUE free on application.
Illustrated CATALOGUE (No. 21), containing 120 Illustra-
tions, and much valuable information on the Cultivation of
Ferns, Is. 6d. post-free.

W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,

FERN NURSERY,

SALE, MANCHESTER.

ROSES IN POTS;

all the beat New and Old English and Foreign
sorts, from 18«. to S6«. per dozen.

Descriptive List free on application.

RICHARD SMITH & CO.,

Nurserymen and Seed Merchants,

WORCESTER.

EAST LOTHIAN INTERMEDIATE STOCKS.

THOMAS METHVEN and SONS offer their
choice strain of the above, in five varieties, viz , Scarlet,
Purple, White, Crimson, and White Wall-leaved, at Is., 2s. 6d.,
and 6s. each culour. Price to the Trade on application.

By Royal Warrant, Nurserymen and Seedsmen to the
Queen, Edinburgh.

ORCHIDS AND PALMS

The Stock is of such magnitude that, without seeing it, it is not

easy to form an adequate conception of its unprecedented extent.

Inspection Invited.

The Glass covers an area of upwards of 300,000 super, feet.

HUGH LOW & CO.,

CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, E.

KELWAY & SON

Now is the time to plant : —

PYRETHRUMS, of which we grow 3 acres.
DELPHINIUMS, do. do. 3 „

GAILLARDIAS, do. do. 2 „

PHLOXES,

PENT3TEMON3.
** The largest collection in the world," for which the highest
awards of the Royal Horticultural and Royal Botanic Societies
of London have been given.

See our MANUAL for 1889, Gratis and Post-free.

LAN QPORT, SOMERSET.

CUTBUSH'S MILL-
track MUSHROOM SPAWN.
— Too well known to require descrip-
tion. Price, 6s. per bushel (1*. extra
per bushel for package), or (W. per
cake ; free by parcel post, 1 j.

None genuine unless in sealed pack-
ages and printed cultural directions
enclosed, with our si gnatureattached.
I WM. OUTBUSH Airo SON.
Nurserymen and Seed Merchants,
Highgate Nurseries, N.

For Autumn Sowing.
BUTTON'S FLOWER OF SPRING

JO CABBAGE, the best for autumn sowing, dwarf compact
habit, firm heart, and stands well, Is. 6d. per ounce Post-free
SUTTON'S MAGNUM BONUM CAULIFLOWER un^
doubtedly the finest of all the Cauliflowers, 2s. id. per oacket
Post-free. SUTTON'S WINTER WHITE COS LETTUCE,'
one of the most valuable Lettuces yet offered, especially prized
for winter use, Is. per packet, Post-free.

Sutton's Seeds Genuine only Direct from
SUTTON and SONS. The Queen's Seedsmen, READING.

E M S " — " Q E M S " — " G E M S "

of Choice Stove Plants.

OXERA PULCHELLA — dense clusters, 8 to 10 inches
across, of pure white, funnel-shaped flowers, about 2 inches
long and 1 inch across. Flowers in winter very lasting
graceful and beautiful. 5s.

SCHUBERTIA GRANDIFLOR A— flowers white with de-
lightful, almond-like fragrance, produced in large trusses,
similar to Stephanotis. Excellent for cutting. 2s. 6tf. and 3s. 6rf

STEPHANOTIS FLORIBUNDA— the finest variety in cul-
tivation, and freest bloomer, flowering at every joint, and
blooms in a lower temperature than any other variety we
know. Is., Is. 6d., 2s. tirf., 3s. Qd.t 5s. ; and fine specimens.
21s., 31s. 6rf., and 40s. each.

STIGMAPHYLLUM CILIATUM (Golden Vine) — flowers
rich orange, similar to the lovely Orchid Oncidium flexuosum.
Very distinct. 2s. 6d. each.

TOXICOPHLEA SPECTABILIS (Winter Sweet) — large
dense sprays of white flowers, sweetly perfumed. Beautiful
winter-flowering plant. 2s. Gd. and 3s. 6rf. each.

GLONERA JASMINIFLORA— one of the most beautiful
white-flowering plants for either cutting or decoration. Blooms
in the winter or early spring, and worthy of a place in the
most select collection. 2s. Gd. and 3s. 6rf.

CATALOGUES of these, and all you want for a Garden free,
by post from

WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham ;
10 and 12. Market Street, Manchester.

Unusually Attractive Offer of
rrUBEROUS BEGONIAS, coming into flower.

J- The famous Newry strain. Seedlings from Single Varie-
ties. Quite as good as named sorts.

In 2-inch pots, 2s. 6d. per dozen.

,, 3-inch pots, 3s. 6d. per dozen.

,, 4-inch pots, 4s. $d. per dozen.

,, 5-inch pots, 6s. per dozen.
Seedlings from Double Varieties (such do not always produce
double flowers).

In 2-inch pots, 4s. 6<f. per dozen.

,, 3-inch pots, 5s. <ad. per dozen.

,, 4-inch pots, 7s. Od per dozen.
RODGER M'CLELLAND and CO., Newry.

ROSES I N POTS.

TEAS and NOISETTES, of the finest varieties for in-
door blooming, good plants, in 5-inch pots, put for preparing
for winter flowers, 15s. per dozen, in 12 varieties if required.
Stronger plants in 6^-inch pots, 24s., 30s. per dozen.

Fine H.P. ROSES, established in pots, very fine either to
pot or for forcing next spring, or for planting out in beds now,
18s. per dozen, worth 30s.

CLEMATIS, in the fineit sorts, all named, 9s. and 15s. per doz.

Fine Hardy CLLMBERS, for Trellises, Arbours, Rockeries,
all good plants, in pots, to plant now, 9s. and 12s. per dozen.

12 Lovely Variegated IVIES, all with beautiful foliage, 12s.

Send for CATALOGUE of all you want for a Garden free for
3 stamps.

WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham ;
10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.

W. GORDON, Importer of ORCHIDS.

AN IMMENSE STOCK of recently imported
plants compels a SALE of the ESTABLISHED PLANTS
to make room. They have not yet flowered, but are all flower-
ing plants, and mu»t be sold at a GREAT SACRIFICE. Very-
valuable varieties are certainly to be obtained, and great bar-
fains. See Public Journals for high prices recently obtained.
he SPECIAL OFFER affords a PAYING INVESTMENT to
anyone with glass at command, which should not be over-
looked. Such plants may never again be offered to the Public
and Trade. Good Established Plants : —

25 in 25 Bpecies and varieties £3 3 0

50 in 60 „ „ , 5 5 0

100 in 100 ,, „ „ 10 10 0

CATALOGUE of the above large stock held ou application to

W. GORDON,
The Nurseries, Amyand Park Road, Twickenham, Middlesex.

ORCHIDS!

Selection of the above, from Borneo, Manilla
(Philipines), Bangkok, Java, Rangoon (Burmah),
&c, to the extent of £5 and upwards, paoked
and shipped (at consignee's risk) on reoeipt of
order with remittance. Address,

THE ORCHID NURSERY,

UPPER WILKIE ROAD, SINGAPORE.
Special cars given In packing.

NEW VARIETIES ALWAYS ON HAND.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 27, 1889.

LAXTON'S NEW STRAWBERRIES.

Six First-class Certificates from the Royal Horticultural Society.

LAXTON'S " LATEST OF ALL."

PRICES

A splendid new late seedling
from British Queen crossed wiih
Helena Gloede.

The fruit is very large, con-
siderably exceeding in size that
of either parent, and is certainly
the latest, finest flavoured, and
largest late Strawberry yet intro-
duced, and a good late counter-
part of that wonderful early fruit
"Noble." The flesh is firm and
white, the flavour vinous, yet
luscious and quite equal to that
of Briti-h Queen, which it most
nearly approaches in appearance,
but ripening from 10 days to a
fortnight after it.

The plant is also very prolific,
continuous bearing and hardy,
and will grow and thrive in any
soil where Strawberries succeed ;
the habit is vigorous but dwarf;
the foliage thick, leathery, and
remarkably downy, and not liable
to mildew.

The flower is also very large
and conspicuous, and the variety
in all re-pects most distinct, and
will prove an immense boon for
late work.

-Open Ground Runners, £2 10s. per 100, 10/- per doz.
Runners in Small Pots, half price extra.

LAXTON'S "NOBLE."

The only fruit Certificated at
the Great International Show at
Liverpool. 1836 !

Two First-class Certificates
from the Royal Horticultural
Society, the Second after Trial at
Chiswick!

The most wonderful Strawberry
for Size. Earliness, Beauty, Fer-
tility, Quality, and Vigour ut
Plaut combined !

The --u ce-^j of this early large
handsome Strawberry since it*
introduction in 1887 has been
almost unparalleled in the annaU
of Horticulture. Although in
1885 I possessed but three plants
of " Noble," it is probable that
millions of it are now in growth,
by the great Kent, Middlesex,
and other market producers, the
demand beingstill unprecedented.

The early fruits from the open-
ground in Bedfordshire have dur-
ing the past 4 years been gathered
be ore forced Strawberries were
over, and have realised the highest
prices, viz. : — frum 4s. to 8s. per
lb. in Covent Garden Market, and
Mr. George Monro, the well-known
Salesman writes — '■ You ought tj
grow 1(J0 Acres of ' Koble.' "

PRICES— Open Ground Runners, £1 per 100, 4- per dozen.
Runners in Small Pots, halt* price extra.

Full particulars of the above, with LAXTON'S A. F. BARRON, KING of the EARLIES—hoth First-class
Certificates— COMMANDER, JUBILEE, CAPTAIN, ^c, free on application to

THO

N, SEED AND NOVELTY GROWER,

July 27, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

WEBBS'SEEDS

From Rev. H. J. BULL,
Roborough Rectory.

" Please send me a Is. packet
of Emperor Cabbage Seed. All
who have seen it in this neigh-
bourhood agree that they do not
know its equal."

WEBBS'EMPEROR CABBAGE,

6d. and Is. per packet; Is. 6d. per ounce.

EARLY NONPAREIL CABBAOE..T ... 8d. per ounce.
ENFIELD MARKET CABBAGE ... 6d

EARLY RAIN'HAM CABBAGE 94

RED DUTCH or PICKLING CABBAGE... 9d

ONION. Per packet. Per ounce.
WEBBS' RED GLOBE TRIPOLI ... 6d. ... Is 6d.
LARGE FLAT RED TRIPOLI ... 6d. ... 10d.

GIANT ROCCA 6d. ... Is 3d.

WHITE LISBON 8d.

Free by Tost or Rail.

Seedsmen by Royal Warrants to H.M. the Queen
and H.R.H. the Prince of Wales.

WORDSLEY, STOURBRIDCE.

LAINGS BEGONIAS

A GREAT SPECIALTY.
NOW IN FULL BLOOM.

Unequalled as a floral display. Visitors are
cordially invited ; free admission. Frequent
trains from the City and West End to Catford
Bridge and Forest Hill Railway Stations.

New and General PLAN r CATALOGUE Post-free.

JOHN LAING & SONS,

The Nurseries,

FOREST HILL, LONDON, S.E.

TRADE OFFER OF PALMS, ETC.

ARECA HITE5

„ BATJERII

„ SANDERn
CORYPHA AUS. ...
CHA1LEROPS E. ...
EUTERPE EDULIS...
GENOMA GRAC. ...
KENTIA BEL.

„ FOST

LATANIA BOURB ...
PHCENIX REC.

„ RUPICOLA

... 6s. Od. to 24s. Od. p. doz.

... 30 0 „ 60 0

... 21 0 ,, 60 0 „

... 18 0 „ 30 0

... 24 0 ,, 15 0 each.

... 6 0,, 21 tl „

9 0 ,, 60 0 ,,

... 9 0 „ 60 0 „

... 6 0 „ 60 0 „

... 6 0 „ 60 0

... 12 0 „ 60 0

DRACENAS, OPHIOPOGON''. FICUS, 'pANDANUS
VEITCHII.

Prices for larger Plants on application. Inspection invited
WILLIAM ICETDN, Putney Park Lane, Putney, S.W.
and Flower Market. Covent Garden.

SEEDLING PLANTS OF

CHOICE FLORISTS' FLOWERS, &c

WE HAVE MUCH PLEASURE
in offering the following'from our superb strains,
all in healthy young Plants, Post or Carriage Free at
prices quoted :— Per 100.— s. d.

AURICULAS, Alpine, very fine strain, autumn

sown. 1888 per dr/.„ 2s. 6rf. 15 0

CALCEOLARIAS, Herbaceous, choicest tigred

and spotted per doz., 2s. 14 0

CINERARIAS, large-flowered, dwarf, per doz., 2s. 14 0
,, ordinary class, splendid strain, per doz., Is. 6rf. 10 6
CARNATIONS and PICOTEES, very choice, from
stage flowers; will produce 80 per cent.

double per doz., Is. 6rf. 10 6

PRIMULA SINENSIS, beautiful fringed varieties,
„ ALBA MAGNIFICA ... per doz., 2s. erf. -
,, Crimson King, splendid colour, perdoz., 2s.6rf. —
,, . choicest fringed, red or white, perdoz.. Is. 6rf. 10 6
,. ,, ,, mixed, in beautiful var.. perdoz.. Is. 6rf. 10 6

CYCLAMEN PERSICUMGIGANTEUM, strong
young plant*, from single pots, autumn

t>dtii».40,v11' 1888, Tery nne per doz., 5s. 35 0

PRIMULAS, double, pure white, strong young

plants, from single pots ... per doz., 5s. 35 0
HYACINTHS, early white Romau.

„ fine selected roots per doz.. 2s. 6rf. 17 6

„ ordinary size, good roots per doz., 2s. 14 0

DANIELS BROS.,

Town Close Nurseries,

NORWICH.

Second Edition. Noui ready ("832 pp.), with over 1400
Illustrations, medium Svo, 15s. ; post-free, 15s. 6rf.

THE

ENGLISH FLOWER GARDEN.

Style, Position, and Arrangement.

Followed by a Description of all the Beat Plants for it, their
Culture and Arrangement.

Some Opinions of the Press.

Saturday Review.
"The best of all modern works on the subject. . . . The
improved ta*te now visible in nio-^t gardens is, to a great
extent, attributable to the admirable treatise which forms the
first portion of this book. . . . The more it is consulted, the
more is its value apparent."

Court Journal.
" This work is the finest and most complete of its kind that
has appeared in the English language."

Daily Telegraph.

" All right-minded people will follow him in" his condemna-
tion of stucco adjuncts to the flower garden, and the abomina-
tion of many kindred heresies. The main portion of the work,
that devoted to a lexico-graphieal arrangement of all the
plants suited for outdoor cultivation, is admirable, and the
engravings are as good as they can be."

Field.

" This comprehensive book will, of course, be of most utility
to persons who have large gardens ; but those lovers of gar-
dening who have more restricted opportunities to profit by it
will also find it interesting and valuable."

The Guardian.

" Rather more than a quarter of a century ago a gorgeous
stranger appeared in our gardens, and was regarded with as
great surprise and admiration as some scarlet warrior by the
lads and las-es uf hi-, native, village, to which he cornea on
furlough. Our English Flora, startled in her sweet simplicity
and fascinated by his splendid presence, forgot her engagement
to thit which may be called the natural system, and transferred
her affections to this gaudy suitor, who called himself
'Bedding-out.' Like the fair Imogeue, when ihe Baron, all
covered with jewels and gold, arrived at her front door, she
became 'untrue to htr vows.' She exchanged her graceful
undulations and curves, her green alleys and cool grots, her
walks amid the shrubberies in which Bhe roved in maiden
meditation, and heard the mellow ouzel fluting hi the Elm,
for treeless squares of sward, as ilat as the spirit-level and the
garden roller could make them. On these were cut all the figures
in Euclid, with an assortment of stars, crowns, Maltese crosses,
serpents, tadpoles, and nameless enormities, to be coloured
when the summer came with Verbenas and Calceolarias (purple
and gold, like the cohorts of the Assyrian), scarlet Geranium,
and white Alyssum. The dining room carpet was to be
reproduced on the lawn ; the landscape gardener was to learn
his art from the kaleidoscope. Flowering trees and shrubs,
Laburnums, Lilacs, Syringas, Almonds, Roses, Berberis,
Lauru-itinus, went down by the hundred (alas! the hand
which writes this paper grasped the axe and saw !), and grand
clumps of (lowers, denounced as coarse and dingy, in com-
parison with these new importations, were dug up and
destroyed. Now we were to have three months of dazzling
coruscations, and, when the frost came, a shabby, flowerless
exposition of flabby leaves, and then beds bare and brown. The
Catherine wheels and other fireworks collapsed into charred
wood and tinder. Even this brief period of efflorescence was
liable to curtailment. Happily, and apropos of Imogene
and midnight, a change came o'er the sprit of this
dream. When this new system of floral development seemed
to have obtained a Papal supremacy, and when every garden
which was not ' bedded out ' was regarded as * mean and poky,'
when even cottagers had expelled their Gillyflowers, their
Ladslove, and Michaelmas Daisies, to make room for a few of
these gay novelties, bought or begged from the gardener at
the hall ; when the marriage between Flora and the Baron
■was celebrated with universal joy, and the 'tables they
groaned with the weight of the feast, and the bell of the
castle struck one." then appeared the Nemesis of retribution,
the ghost of Alonzo— Alonzo by William Robinson, accom-
panied bv an escort of avenging spectres. His book, as a
guidoand" reference, must be welcomed with its beautiful and
truthful illustrations, the most important and instructive addi-
tion which has been made for many years to the florist's library."

New Edition,

THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR

GARDEN OPERATIONS.

Price 3d., Post-free 3%d.

W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand,

London, W.C.

Now ready, In cloth, 11b. 6d.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
Vol. V.. Third Series, JAN. to JUNE, 1889.
W. RICHARDS. 41, Wellington Street. Strand. W.C.

THE

SATURDAY, JULY 27, 1889.

London : JOHN MURRAY, and of all Booksellers.

CATERPILLARS.

nnHE repetition of the caterpillar plague of
-*- 1888 has caused much havoc throughout
the fruit-growing counties, and a cry for remedies
is commonly expressed ; but no adequate means
have yet been found to cope with the insects in
old standard trees, although in plantations and
orchards consisting of dwarf fruits, hand-picking
and shaking the larvte into cloths is largely
practised, not so much, as far as I can find out,
to save the present year's crop, as to keep the
trees alive, and enable them to recover from the
loss of foliage. After the recent heat, much of
which was retained in the soil, heavy rains would
no doubt enable the trees to make more leafage,
and with a favourable autumn, and no crop to
carry, the trees will probably recover. ' The
means adopted range themselves under two heads,
viz., prevention and destruction. I will take
the latter first, as there may yet be time to do
something for the affected trees, though the
larvre of many will be full grown, and pass into
the chrysalis stage this month. (A) The port-
able fowl-house ; by keeping chickens in the
plantations — and especially ducks — and letting
them out twice a day (in relays), after a little
education the birds will soon understand their
work, and follow the men who shake the grubs
from the trees. A correspondent remarks that he
could not find a live caterpillar after their visits.
It would, perhaps, be necessary to keep them short
of other food to stimulate their activity, as some
of our local growers have gathered bushels of
grubs on the shaking and cloth system ; any
and no means of destruction should be left un-
tried. (B) Washing with soft soap, quassia, and
paraffin, diluted in water, have all been tried,
and in some cases with success. This would be
in the earlier stages of the life of the caterpillar
and before much mischief was apparent in the
foliage. When they become fourteen days' old,
they are too strong to be affected by these methods,
and even if stupefied, they eventually recover,
and crawl up the trees again. (C) Dusting with
lime, or any unpalatable dust (road-dust), will kill

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 27, 1889.

numbers, as they breathe through their sides by
stomata, and this dust chokes up the air passages,
in the same way that oil will kill wasps and
other insects.

I have not seen the " Strawsonizer " at
work, but that machine appears from the en-
graving to be a likely mechanical means of
supplying remedies both liquid and in the form
of powder. In point of fact, the number of
the caterpillars is so great, and they are so well
protected from their enemies by the rolled leaves,
webs, &c, and escape on the approach of danger
by dropping down on a thread, that more means
should be used in the way of prevention, by (D)
pruning, and by cleaning off old bark. I should
start this as soon as the fruit is gathered, as the
foliage will then indicate to the pruner the dead
wood ; first saw out, and cut away all crossing
and useless wood, then scrape all the main boughs
with an old hoe or a piece of bent iron-hoop,
looking well to the under sides of the boughs,
and the crannies of the bark, and destroy lichens ;
while this operation is going on, a threshing-
cloth should be placed under the tree, and after
the work is completed, the whole of the cuttings
should at once be burned thoroughly. (E) As soon
as the leaves fall, a dressing of lime, soot, clay, or
soft-soap, should be well-rubbed in the tree with a
tar-brush, or an old dandy-brush, and the part
of the tree not conveniently reached should be
dusted with lime. This will destroy all larvae
and eggs left from the scraping, and the tree
will be cleaned by Nature before the spring
buds open ; and the same dressing will destroy
the lichens, which harbour many insects. (F)
Early in October, the trees should have a
band of 6 to 9 inches of best wheel-grease plas-
tered round them, say, 4 feet from the ground, to
catch the wingless females of the winter moth,
as they will then be crawling up the stems.
Possibly a little oil in the grease would prevent
it hardening, and, if necessary, this should be
kept in a sticky state, by renewal, until Christ-
mas, in open weather. The marvellous fecundity
of this little creature under favourable circum-
stances is surprising, and every female should be
caught as far as possible. Cases are reported .
where the moths were so thick in the grease as
to form a bridge for their successors to pass over;
and one gentleman says the mate is so gallant
that he carries the lady up in his claws to the
upper branches (p). This requires confirmation.
It must, however, be borne in mind that there are
several species of moth which affect fruit trees ;
and besides these, there are the weevils, which,
owing to their depredations being carried on at
night, frequently escape notice; other weevils
work by day, and in severe cases would pay for a
search being made for the night-workers by
lantern-light, when a tap on the tree-stem or the
branches will bring them down on to the cloth,
which should be spread beneath ; the insects
must then be killed with boiling water, no insec-
ticides being of any avail. (G) Other means of
prevention are by encouraging those birds which
feed upon insects. The sparrow has a bad name,
but yet I take him to be a friend, rather than a
foe ; the starling also, and the active family of
tits, are great devourers of insects, grubs, &c, in
the winter months (and at other times) ; also the
tree creepers, chaffinches, and all the summer
songsters and soft-billed birds generally, as
nightingales, whitethroats, blackcaps, warblers,
&o. I would make it punishable to take the eggs
of any of these birds, excepting sparrows. Fruit-
eaters — like the blackbird, the thrush, and the
bullfinch — wc must keep within reasonable
limits ; but,, from observation, I am convinced
that most birds arc our friends, and we must

allow them some fruit for their good deeds in
other ways.

In Kent, many of our fruit tree planta-
tions are thickly planted with both over-head
fruit trees and low bushes, Cob-nuts being
beneath all. Some amount of summer pruning
is done in these, and I advise that all the cut-
tings should at once be collected and burned,
instead of being allowed to lie upon the land, or
stacked in a heap, as methods offering a ready
shelter to insects. A large fruit salesman says
that he could distinctly trace the path of the
caterpillars near a roadway where this kind of
rubbish was allowed to lay about in heaps. In
the nursery we are now keeping all our small
paths (formerly grass) free from weeds, as we
found that they formed convenient hiding-places
for many kinds of insects. In Cob-nut planta-
tions, the trees and fruit and Nut bushes are
I pruned in the winter at the same time ; this
wood is usually stacked in the plantation itself
for the use in many cases of the " Hoppers " the
, next season, or for starting fires on the grattans
(oasts), when the stubble is also burnt.

I believe that it would pay the grower over and
over again to burn the whole of the prunings and
trimmings directly the pruning is completed, as
the mining insects (Sesias), &c, are often hidden
in the larvae state in the soft shoots, and have to be
guarded against, also the Currant mite, &c. We
attribute the immunity we enjoy from insect
pests in our fruit nursery to the cleanly cultiva-
tion that is insisted upon, and, as a rule, we burn
all stock-heads and prunings at once. I enter
a plea for the birds, as there is no doubt the
extensive planting of fruit, and the equally
extreme grubbing of their woodland shelters, has
really upset the balance of Nature, and we must
do all we can to restore this. Nightingales were
much more numerous than usual this season, and
possibly, if the present laws (Wild Birds Act)
are carried out fearlessly, we shall, by degrees,
get more useful birds, and as the nightingale
and swallow return for years to build in the
same spot, probably other insectivorous birds
will do the same. This season, loss by cater-
pillars is felt all over the country, although
some fortunate patches are free, and every means
should be taken to overcome the present exces-
sive development of the injurious lepidoptera.
There should be no grass roads in fruit planta-
tions, still, strange to say, the trees on grass in
many places are more free from the pests than
those on ploughed or dug land. Probably
because in this case the chief danger was from
weevils, but who found succulent food ready for
them below. On the other hand, some even
contend that the spade cultivation increases the
evil, by affording a softer soil for the larvae to
penetrate when they prepare to take the chrysalis
stage ; others, again, point to neglected planta-
tions, not dug for years, which are free from
the pests. Perhaps the birds had full swing in
the latter ; but from whatever cause this great
evil springs, it is a present and growing one, and
no methods should be left untried in doing battle
with them.

In the culture of dwarf or plantation trees (dis-
tinct from standards) the leaves can be pinched,
and the leaf-rollers killed at home, while the
nests of the lackey-moth can be easily destroyed
in the web stage. I trust these notes will do
something to ventilate this subject, and put
growers on the alert, so that next season may see
a marked improvement in our fruit returns.

Since penning the above I have received a
circular from St. Mary's Cray, which gives
admirable figures of the chief destructive moths,
and remeclies for their destruction!. Messrs.

Harlow and McMunn (the latter a surgeon, who
admirably illustrates the work) claim that they
have, after many trials, found the best remedy
for dressing the trees, and are sending it out
under the name of the " Insecticide and Ovicide
Compound ; " also a solution for syringing
purposes, which promises to be very useful. ,The
little work (price 3rf.) is well worth the attention
of growers, and may be had from the publisher,
Edw. Clarke, Printer, High Street, St. Mary's
Cray. Geo. Bunyard, Old Nurseries, Maidstone.

New or Noteworthy Plants.

ACINETA CHRYSANTHA, Lindl.

This is a showy and very interesting plant, which
originally appeared as Nieppergia chrysantha E.
Morr., in Annates de Gand, t. 282. It was exhibited
at Ghent by M. Auguste Mechelynck, in September,
1849, and was supposed to come from Mexico.
Lindley at once transferred it to Acineta (Paxt. Fl.
Gard., i., p. 31), to which it unquestionably belongs.
Since that time it has been either very rare or quite
lost sight of, but now a plant sent from New Granada,
by Patin, has flowered in the Kew collection, and on
looking for a name for it, I find it belongs to the
above. I therefore suBpect that New Granada, and
not Mexico, is its native country. Like other Aci-
netas, it produces a pendulous raceme, the flowers in
this case being of a bright yellow, something like A.
Barkeri, the lip heavily blotched with crimson. It
is readily distinguished from all other species by a
strong curved horn, directed backwards at the base
of the crest, on which Morren seems to have relied
in separating it from Acineta. It is, however,
present in a more rudimentary condition, or in
another form — perhaps it may be said, in other
species. There is a good deal of confusion in the
above cited accounts of the species. Morren figures
the raceme erect, but this is evidently an arrange-
ment of the artist's, to get it on the plate. Lindley
remarks : — " This noble-looking plant has exactly
the habit of other Acinetas, except that the raceme
grows erect." He then proceeds to doubt whether
the raceme is habitually erect, because, on the draw-
ing, one raceme is upright, and another bent down-
wards. But I can only find one erect raceme on the
plate. He also transposes the colour of the column
and lip, saying, " the lip appears to be white, and the
column crimson," while the plate shows exactly the
reverse, as does also the living plant. As the plant
was only known from these accounts, it was with a
good deal of satisfaction that I recognised it. One
or two others are showing flower, but I cannot yet
say if they are the same species. E. A. Bolfe.

Albuca (Eualbuca) teichophvlla, Baker, n. sp*

This is a new species of Albuca that has just been
flowered at the Cambridge Botanic Garden by Mr.
R. I. Lynch. He received it from Natal by Mr.
R. W. Adlam. Its nearest ally is A. juncifolia,
Baker (Bot. Mag., 6395). It has small bright yellow
flowers, and several slender pubescent subterete
leaves. The known species of Albuca have increased
rapidly of late years. There are now above thirty
of them described.

Bulb ovoid, £ by f inch in diameter. Outer tunics
white, membranous, not splitting into fibres at the
top. Leaves 7, contemporary with the flowers, erect,
subterete, pubescent, deeply channelled down the
face, 9—10 inches long, 1-16 inch in diameter.
Peduncle slender, terete, flexuose, as long as the
leaves. Flowers few, in a lax raceme half a foot
long ; pedicels ascending, the lower 1 inch long ;

* Albuca (Eitalbuca) trichophylln. Baker, n sp.— Bulbo
parvo ovoideo tunicis pallidia membranaceia; foliia 7 synan-
thiis subteretibus gracilibus pubescentibus ; peiiunculo foliis
aequiloiigo ; iloribus laxo raeeniosis ; pedicellis brevibus
ascendentibus; bracteis parvia menibranaceis ; perlanthio
liarvo lufcao ; antheYis arteYnis rudimentariis ; stylo ciftie*ato
ovario t^quilo'ng'o.

July 27, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

bracts small, lanceolate from a deltoid base.
Perianth bright yellow, .V inch long; segments
1 oblong, faintly tinted with green. Stamens nearly
as long as the segments ; alternate anthers rudi-
mentary. Style cuneate, prismatic, as long as the
ovary. J. G. Baker, Herbarium, Kew.

Dendbobium tkanspakens, alba, ». var.

This, as its name indicates, is a pure white variety
of Dendrobium transparens, without the slightest
trace of colour anywhere, and an exceeding chaste
and lovely form it is. Of course, it possesses no
other difference, being simply an albino, but it is
quite a rarity, for the species has been in cultivation
since 1852, and frequently imported, but I do not
find that anything has been seen like it before. It
was sent by Messrs. F. Sander & Co., of St. Albans,
who received it from Mr. Hamilton, gr. to Hamar
Bass, Esq., of Burton-on- Trent. The plant was
originally introduced by Mr. Sander. B. A. Eolfe,

WATERING OF POT PLANTS.

The watering of pot plants, or rather the time
when they require that attention, seems but little
understood by amateurs, or one would not so fre-
quently hear the inquiry, " How often shall I water ?"
the query leading one to suppose that the questioner
expects that there are set times for the operation,
and that they come as regularly as do the periods for
meals to ourselves. This may be the case at certain
seasons of the year as regards some plants, such as
are of a soft-wooded nature, and form roots quickly,
and become pot-bound, when they take up moisture
freely, and, if the drainage is good, they cannot well
be over-watered, so that with these it would be
pretty safe to say, give it daily ; but, as regards
others, great discrimination is needed, as without it,
much harm may be done, and especially is this so
during the dead time of year, when there is little or
no activity in vegetation, and both plants and roots
are almost dormant, and not only so, but at the
period referred to, there is nothing to bring about
dryness, and soil that is made wet then soon becomes
sour and inert. The plants which suffer most when
they get into that condition, are those of a hard-
wooded nature, that require peat to grow in, and if
this is made sodden the fine roots soon die, or, if
they live, they become sickly. To prevent this, they
Bhould have no more water afforded them during
winter than is absolutely necessary to keep the balls
moist, and it is good for the plants that these should
become rather dry sometimes, as then more air is let
into the soil, and air sweetens and purifies.

The time of greatest danger with hard-wooded
subjects is immediately after they have been potted,
as then it often happens that the water passes away
through the new soil without wetting the old. This
occurs through non-amalgamation of the two, the
one being comparatively loose and open, and the
other hard and impervious. To make matters safe,
with such things as Azaleas, it is a good plan, before
repotting takes place, and after the plants are
knocked out of their pots, to soak the balls by stand-
ing them in a tub of water, and after they have been
there some few hours, they should be stood aside to
drain. So treated, there is no fear of the centres
being dry, and instead of watering becoming neces-
sary immediately potting is over, and the plants
requiring it frequently after, they will stand without
for some time, and gradually get hold of the fresh
peat, which, when used, ought to be in a moist,
useable condition, as in that state it can be pressed
"or rammed firmly, which is essential to good potting
of these plants. A cultivator who is accustomed to
the cultivation of plants knows at a glance when to
give water, and if he cannot see the surface of the
soil distinctly can quickly tell by the ring of the pot,
as this, when rapped by the knuckle, gives out a
clear sound if the ball be dry, and a dull dead response
if the reverse. This latter is caused by the pressure
of the soil on the sides, owing to its expansion, and
ring by contraction, through the water being out
and air in instead. Another guide to plant growers

is Ithe condition of the top of "[the "plant,
as the quantity or frequency of watering
depends much on the amount of the foliage,
or whether fresh growth is taking place, for with
abundant leafage, and more forming, the power of
absorption by the roots is great, as so much is taken
up and evaporated on bright sunny days, and the
same if the plants have a head of bloom to support.
This draws much on their resources, and atmospheric
conditions outside affect plants much, as when there
is a quick movement of air, and it is dry and light,
it licks up, as it were, all moisture on its way, and
makes foliage look distressed from the loss. To
rectify this, a sprinkling of the floor of the house the
plants are in, or a syringing overhead, or both, is the
best thing ; but the latter only when the sun is off,
and the revival will be quick and apparent. Plants
with large fleshy roots and big leaves drink freely,
and at and after this time for some months to come
cannot well be over-watered ; and yet in their case
judgment is required, or the best of soils may be
spoiled. J. S.

Orchid Notes and Gleanings.

SELENIPEDIUM CAUDATUM, Echb.f.
A very curious form of the above comes from Mr.
A. J. Keeling, gr. to D. O. Drewett, Esq., of Riding
Mill-on-Tyne. In front of the lip and round the
mouth of the same is wholly suffused with dark
purple-brown, while the infolded side-lobes are
also darker than usual, owing to the spots being
nearly suffused, especially towards the base. It is
only a case of colour variation, the flower being
normal in other respects, but it gives to the plant a
somewhat unusual appearance. E. A. E.

Cattleya supeeba.

The difficulty of getting this Orchid to succeed for
any length of time under cultivation can be the only
reason for its comparative scarcity, for few even of
the gorgeous genus Cattleya surpass it in beauty.
It was discovered originally by Schomburgk, in
British Guiana, and was first flowered in this country
in 1838. The pseudobulbs are stemlike, 6 to]10 inches
high, and produce the flowers from between the two
leaves at the top. A plant at Kew now bears a spike of
four flowers, each of these being 5 inches across. The
sepals are oblong, pointed, and of a bright purple-
rose, the petals differing only in being broader. The
lip is extremely beautiful ; the side-lobes close over
the column, and, like the broad, cuneate, central
lobe, are of a rich purple-crimson ; the disc is yellow.

Mr. James Anderson mentions this Orchid along
with Epidendrum bicornutum, Ionopsis paniculata,
and a few others, as one of those best adapted to test
the grower's skill. It undoubtedly requires a warmer
temperature when growing than such as C. Mossise,
and should only be shaded when the growths are
young and succulent. Abundance of moisture at
the roots and in the atmosphere is necessary, together
with a constant supply of fresh air. Judging by
imported pieces, it grows naturally on the branches
of trees with little or no covering to the roots, and
it has been found best under cultivation not to
attempt to confine them in pots. Blocks or shallow
baskets are to be preferred. W. E.

Cypbipedium Wallisii.

This plant requires similar treatment to that of
Cypripedium caudatum, that is to say, pot culture
appears to suit it admirably, but it is necessary to
well drain the pots, as it requires a liberal supply of
water during the season of vigorous growth ; when
this is completed, it must still be kept in a moist
condition, for as the plant has no pseudobulbs to
assist in maintaining it through a period of drought,
it must not be allowed to become dry, or the leaves
will be liable to shrivel, and the plants fall into bad
health, which is a perilous condition for this section
of the genus. We find good fibrous peat when
mixed with leaf-mould and sharp sand to be the best

potting material for this plant, to which may be
added with advantage some nodules of charcoal. It
should be elevated upon a cone-like mound, which
not only carries away the water more quickly from
its base, but it gives a greater surface, and allows the
roots to work more freely. Upon the slightest sign
of the potting material becoming bad, it must be at
once removed from contact with the roots, and re-
placed with new and sweet mould ; care, however, is
requisite in the performance of this operation, or
serious injury may arise from damage to the roots.
The cool end of the East India-house is a very suit-
able place to grow this plant ; we haye, however,
grown C. caudatum equally well at the warm end of
the Cattleya-house, and in all probability this plant
may be so grown successfully. It requires to be
shaded from the sun's influence [during the hotter
portion of the season, but when the sun's heat begins
to decline, let the plants have all the light possible,
in order to secure and finish up strong flowering
shoots.

The most suitable time for potting or re-potting we
find to be just as it begins to put forth new shoots,
which takes place sometimes shortly after flowering.
It should also be kept perfectly free from insects of
every description : green-fly sometimes becomes a
great plague by getting amongst its blossoms, and
causing great havoc, but these must be carefully
destroyed. " Orchid Album," May.

Bletia catenulata, Buiz and Pawn.

This is a large and handsome Bletia, one of the
showiest species of the genus, though very seldom
seen in cultivation at the present day. A fine
specimen has been sent to Kew for determination by
Mr. James O'Brien, having been imported from
Northern Peru. B. sanguinea, Poepp. and Endl., is a
later name for the same. The flowers are large, and
of a bright rosy-purple shade. E. A. E.

AOANISIA CffiRCXEA.

This should be grown on a block of wood, or,
better, perhaps, a raft, in which position its creeping
stems will have space to ramble, and its roots will be
able to better absorb the moisture from the atmo-
sphere than is the case when an attempt is made to
grow this plant in a pot. In its native country the
plants grow upon the branches and stems of the
forest trees, where they derive nourishment from the
tropical rains, and from the decayed leaves which fall
from the trees and alight amongst their pseudobulbs ;
and in the dry season they are sustained by heavy
dews. Under cultivation the present plant enjoys a
liberal supply of water during the growing season,
and during the period in which growth is not aetive
the roots must be kept in a moist condition in order
to maintain the pseudobulbs plump and firm.
Neglect of this enfeebles the plant, and prevents the
development of its handsome flowers in due season.

The temperature of the East India-house with
abundant atmospheric moisture is most congenial to
this species during the period of active growth. It
should be well exposed to the light, and shaded from the
sun during the hottest parts of the day in summer;
but during the winter no shading will be necessary,
and the plant or plants may be hung up near the
roof-glass in order that they may obtain all the light
possible. The plants of this genus do not require
much material about their roots, but a little is neces-
sary when grown on a raft in order to avoid rapid
evaporation. To this end a little living sphagnum
moss should be placed about its roots, and a gentle
sprinkling from the syringe morning and evening
will be highly beneficial to continue them in robust
and vigorous health. In addition, the rafts 6hould
be frequently taken down and dipped in a tub of
water, allowing them to become well saturated before
hanging them up again in position. This, however,
will not be needed frequently in winter, but even
then do not allow the plant by any means to Buffer
in health by shrivelling. It will also be necessary
to carefully keep these small-growing plants free
from insects, because, if these are allowed to increase,
thgy rapidly pTtfduCB a sickly appearance, which is

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Jolt 27, 1889.

too frequently succeeded by death ; but at any rate,
it leads to anything but the desirable appearance
from whence its generic name is derived. " Orchid
Album," April.

Catasetum puhcm, Nees.

This is a very old species, which occasionally re-
appears in gardens, and which has twice recently
been sent to Kew for determination ; first, by Mr.
W. Bull, and then by M. Godefroy Lebeuf. It pro-
duces an erect raceme of green flowers ; the lip
is bright green, and the other segments of a pale
whitish-green. It belongs to the Eucatasetum
group, with erect galeate lip, but differs from many
of the species in having the antennae in the same
plane ; not one standing forward and the other
curved round near the base of the column. This
character cannot be made out from dried specimens,
and I was doubtful if it occurred in the section at
all till a short time ago. Now I find it occurs also
in C. atratum, Lindl., received from Messrs. F.
Sander & Co., of St. Albans, for determination, and
will therefore serve to separate these from C. macro-
carpum, Kich., and its allies. The peculiarity is
not meaningless, but when one of the antennse is
curved backwards, away from the other, it has been
found to have lost its function of ejecting the pollinia
when touched. The species appeared in 1824, being
described by Nees, in PI. Hort. Med. Bonn,., t. 1. It
is also well figured in Bot. Mag., t. 3388. C. semia-
pertum, Hook., Exot. FL, iii. (1826), t. 213, is
synonymous. B. A. Bolfe.

Oncidium splendidum.

We have found the imported plants of Oncidium
splendidum thrive admirably in either a basket or a
pot, and the strong growths bloom very freely. In
the earlier time we had very little opportunity of
estimating the habit of growth or its free-blooming
qualities, as the few plants then known were cut for
making stock as frequently as possible. In February
of the year 1871, however, Lord Londesborough,
then a distinguished patron of horticulture, exhi-
bited a plant of Oncidium splendidum in flower
before the committee of the Royal Horticultural
Society at South Kensington, when it was much
admired, and received a First-class Certificate.
Whether grown in a basket or pot, it requires to be
well drained, and it does not require a great amount
of soil about its roots ; this should consist of
rough fibrous peat, from which all the fine soil has
been beaten, and to this may be added a small portion
of sphagnum moss. Some small pieces of potsherds,
mixed with the soil, will also serve to keep the soil
open and porous, and thus the water is carried away
quickly instead of remaining, causing the soil to
become sour and stagnant, in which condition this
plant soon deteriorates, an evil which I have so
frequently explained in these pages, and cautioned
my readers against. In potting, or basketing,
make the soil very firm ; when growing, a liberal
supply of moisture and a moist atmosphere are re-
quisite, but when the growth is mature a very little
will suffice. In the autumn, or beginning of winter,
the spikes begin to push up, when an increase in
the water supply will be necessary, in order to in-
duce good development of flowers. This plant
should be grown in the Cattleya-house, and it re-
quires all the light possible ; but in the most power-
ful sunshine a little shade will be found necessary.
It is a plant very little troubled with insect pests,
yet sometimes the white scale infests it, and unless
this is speedily cleared away, the plant soon declines
in health, and fails to make new growth. " On-hid
Album," April.

Lycaste cruenta
is a fine bold-growing species ; the bulbs are ovate,
supporting a pair of broadly plicate leaves of a light
green colour. The flowers rise from the base of the
bulb, the stem rising some 6 inches in height. It is
usually one-flowered, but sometimes a pair of flowers
are produced upou the same scape, both opening
together, and each measuring upwards of 3 inches
across. The sepals are bright yellow inside, and

green without ; petals smaller, of the same form, and
of a uniform rich yellow, the lip being three-lobed,
and shorter than the sepals. It blooms in the months
of March, April, and May, and it continues in bloom
for three weeks or a month without distressing the
plant. This plant is of easy culture, and we prefer
to grow it in a pot, for, although it will thrive in a
hanging-basket, or on a raft, we find it requires more
care and attention, without yielding the slightest
additional improvement either in the strength of the
plant, or number of blossoms produced. It roots
freely, and requires a liberal supply of water to
maintain it, and enable it to develop large and
vigorous bulbs, which shall afterwards produce an
abundance of flowers. After growth is mature, the
Bupply of water must be gradually reduced until it
stops entirely, and the plant must be allowed to
become quite dry ; but during the season care must
be taken that the pseudobulbs do not shrivel, as
when this occurs the plant is weakened. The pots
must be well drained, and the plants potted in good
fibrous peat, from which all the fine particles have
been beaten, and to this should be added some small
potsherds, or a few nodules of charcoal to keep the
whole open and porous. This plant does not like
the coolest house, and we have found it to thrive
best when placed at the coolest end of the Cattleya
or Brazilian-house, where it should enjoy an abundance
of light, and be lightly shaded during the hottest part
of the day, otherwise the leaves are apt to become
scorched and disfigured — and one of the chief
beauties of any plant lies in its perfect foliage.
" Orchid Album," April.

llVBBtD CatTLETAS.

M. Bleu has raised a hybrid between C. amethys-
tina and C. Acklandias, and a Metis between the
hybrid above-named and C. Mossise, which Metis he
calls Cattleya Parthenia. The two forms are described
in the May number of the Journal of the National
Horticultural Society of France,

POLEMONIUM PAUCIFLORUM.

In a recent issue (p. 772, vol. v. ) a correspondent
favoured us with an account of this singular Polemo-
nium, remarkable for the paucity of its flowers, their
shape, and yellow colour — so different to the con-
ditions that obtain in other species of the genus.
The illustration at p. 97, fig. 15, drawn at Kew
by Mr. Weathers, will suffice to complete the account
of this desirable novelty.

way to produce the straight-grained material essen-
tial for pencil-making.

The distillation of oil of Cedar, for which there is
now a large commercial demand, from the sawdust
and other refuse, has been profitable in the pencil-
mills at Cedar Keys in Florida, and might be carried
on to advantage in other parts of the country. It
can be made, of course, from wood of the poorest
quality. Garden and Forest.

CEDAR PENCILS.

The manufacture of Red Cedar pencil-wood has
for years been almost exclusively confined to Florida,
where this tree (Juniperus Virginiana), grows to a
large size and in great perfection. The business has
been in the hands of a large foreign house, which
supplies a good part of the world with lead-pencils,
and has been profitable. Large Cedar timber, straight
grained, and of a suitable quality for pencil-stuff, has
become scarce in Florida along the streams on the
west coast, where the best was found ; and factories
are springing up in different parts of the south,
especially in Alabama, where, at Gurley, sawing
pencil-stuff is already a considerable industry. The
best Red Cedar, however, now left will be found near
the Red River, in Texas, and in the Indian Terri-
tory, where this tree attains a greater size than it
reaches in Florida, while the quality of the lumber
is not, probably, in any way inferior.

The world has become so accustomed to using
pencils made of Red Cedar, that it will not readily
adapt itself to any others. The supply of this lum-
ber of suitable quality, however, is not large in pro-
portion to the demand, and cannot hold out many
years longer.

The Red Cedar is the most widely distributed of
Ncrth American Conifers, and in some parts of the
country it is one of the most common trees ; but it
is in a few favoured localities only that it grows in a

THE SHORTENING OF
NAMES OF ROSES.

THE

So far as I am aware, nothing was said or done in
this direction at the late Conference. Nevertheless,
it is a subject of great practical importance, alike to
editors, reporters, and rosarians. Every word or
letter added to the name of a Rise beyond what is
needful to distinguish it from any other species or
variety is a sheer waste of space, time, or force,
repeated every time it is thought, spoken, written,
or printed ; and yet words and names are piled up
over the poor Roses, as if the longer the name the
better and more fragrant the Rose. Neither is it
any uncommon thing to find the smallest Roses with
the longest ugliest names. Why, even at the
Chiswick Rose Conference, one of the choicest gems
of a fancy or Polyantha Rose was weighted with the
name of Anna Marie de Montravel ; neither was
that the longest name, for a choice Tea was handi-
capped with one half as long again, viz., Mademoiselle
Elizabeth de Grammont.

In some of our new Roses we approach almost the
perfection of brevity — such as in The Bride, Puritan,
Luciole, Emperor, Empress, Sappho, Eclair, Sunset,
Red Dragon, Masterpiece, Her Majesty, &c. Among
older Roses we have a few brief names, among
Perpetuals, as Abel Grand, Alfred Colomb, Annie
Laxton, Annie Wood, Black Prince, Clara Cochet,
Dr. Andry, Dr. Don, Dupuy Jamain, Duke of Teck,
Egerie, Elie Morel, John Bright, John Hopper, La
France, Le Havre, Louis Dor6, Magna Charta, May
Pochen, Mrs. Biker, Paul Neyron (the largest of all
Roses with almost the shortest name), Queen Vic-
toria, Queen of Queens, Victor Hugo. Amongst
Teas we have Adam, Alba rosea, Bougeri, De-
voniensis, Etoile de Lyon, Goubault, Homer, Marie,
Niphetos, Rubens, Safrano.

Among Noisettes we have the reasonably short
names of Cloth of Gold, Aimee Vibert, Lamarque,
Rive d'Or, Marechal Niel, and Salfaterre. What
could hinder several of these being yet further
reduced, thus — Gold, Vibert, Niel, d'Or, to distin-
guish it from the Tea La Boule d'Or, which latter
might surely be cut down to B. d'Or. On the same
principle, most of the preliminary prefixes might be
got rid of, for such Teas as Catherine Mermet,
Comtesse de Nadaillac, Francisca Kruger, Madame
de Watteville, Mademoiselle Elizabeth de Gram-
mont, Souvenir de Madame Bernet, Souvenir de
Therese Levet. As, so far as I am aware, there are
no other Tea Roses under their proper names, there
seems no practical difficulty in henceforth reducing
these, thus— Mermet, Nadaillac, Kruger, Watteville,
Grammont, Bernet, Levet. Surely, too, our favour-
ite Bourbon might well afford to drop the Souvenir
de la, and be known in future as Malmaison, the
Baronne be dropped for Gonella, Sir Joseph for Pax-
ton, and so on.

The hybrid perpetuals opens a yet wider field for
abbreviation. There are, for example, three Roths-
childs— a Baroness which would have to be retained —
and two Barons Nathaniel de's, the latter could be
written Rothschild — with the name of their respec-
tive raisers after the surname, thus (Pernet or Le-
veque) as these are two separate Roses. But it is
rare to find two Roses with the same surname.
Surely, too, this endless array of Comtesses,
Duchesses, Madames, and Mademoiselles, might be
cut down to a letter or two, thus Cse. for French ;
Cs. for English ; Dse. for French Duchesse ; Ds. for
English ; Mm. for English Madam ; Mme. for French ;
Mle. for Mademoiselle. Then such well known
Roses as the following might surely be cut down to the

July 27. 1389.]

THE GA M D EXE It S' CHB ONI CL E.

surname only : Caraille Rernardin, Captain Christy,
Charles Darwin, Charles Lefebvre, Comtesse de
Serenye, Duchesse de Caylus, Duke of Wellington,
Ferdinand de Lesseps, Francois Michelon, General
Jacqueminot, Madame Clemence Jeigneaux, Madame
Ferdinand Jamain, Madame Hippolyte Jamain to
Mm. or H. before the surname ; Madame Isaac
Pereire, Madame Prosper Laugier, Mademoiselle
Marguerite Dombrain, Mdlle. Marie Cointet, Mar-

honour and of Roses, conferring a kind of immor-
tality on great persons — authors, soldiers, poets, or
statesmen. But they would obviously fulfil this
function better by dropping all the Christian names
or honorary titles, for while there may be many
Dukes of Wellington or Marlborough, Sir Robert
Peels, Richard Cobdens, or Wm. Ewart Gladstones,
there is but one Wellington, Marlborough, Cobden,
Lesseps, or Gladstone, who is likely to be immortal-
ised in our distinguished order of Rose merit. Rosa.

FlG. 15.— POLEMON1UJJ PACCIFLORCM : FLOWERS PALE VELLOW. (SEE P. 96.)

guerite de St. Amand, Monsieur Alfred Dumersiel,
Souvenir de Monsieur Boll. These will suffice to
show what might readily be done through this simple
scheme of cutting down names, and retaining the last
only. Where more was needed, as in the case of
Rothschild, Verdier, and others, initials would dis-
tinguish between varieties as well as long names
that are tedious to write, burdensome to the memory,
and of no earthly use, unless to damp the zeal of
Rose enthusiasts, and warn off amateurs from the
culture alone of Roses.

But some contend that these long names are
useful, if not indispensable, as a sort of order of

The Apiary.

TAKING HONEY AT THIS SEASON.
As soon as sections are filled, they ought to be
removed from the hives. No good can result by
allowing them to remain on the hives, but much
evil. The bees would be sure to go over them more
or less, and this would discolour the honey con-
tained in them. So much trouble is caused by
smokers who will not smoke, that we will again refer
to the carbolised cloth. Two ounces of carbolic
acid, two ounces of glycerine, to be mixed with about

a quart of boiling water. Stir the mixture well, and
when cool it is ready for use. Take a piece of calico
large enough to cover all the frames or sections,
dip it in the mixture, and wring it out. Do not
forget the latter process, for two reasons. First, it
is quite unnecessary to waste the mixture and
punish the bees too much ; and, secondly, carbolic
acid will not improve the honey, if it drops on the
combs. If used in the above way, the happy medium
will be preserved, the bees will be frightened, and
the honey not injured. When a piece of calico thus
treated is laid on sections or combs, the bees at
once retire below, and give no trouble to the bee-
keeper. This plan is far better than removing one
section at once, and the bees are much more easy to
handle.

Extracting.

This will soon be in full swing. As this season
may certainly be ranked a good one, most bee-keepers
will probably have a lot of new combs. These look
very beautiful, but great care must be exercised in
extracting the honey from them, or they will fall
to pieces. Even the uncapping process has to be
done carefully, and the combs should not be laid
down flat, but propped up a little. I speak feel-
ingly on the subject, because in earlier stages of my
experience these things happened to me. I have
before said, do not turn the machine too fast, and I
might add, that very often it is best to extract half
of one side, then the whole of the other, then the
remaining half. Though this is what we might call
a triple trouble, it is a kind of trouble which is well
repaid by seeing whole combs come out the extractor.
When the honey is extracted, the combs may be given
back to the bees to clean out, and then wrapped up
and put away in a dry place. If the combs and frames
are carefully wrapped in paper, they will come out
next spring as clean and fresh as when put away,
and will be gladly taken to by the bees at once.
Bee.

Nursery Notes.

CARNATIONS AND PICOTEES AT MESSRS.
J. VEITCH & SONS.

The hot sun of a few days ago and the recent rains
have done much to spoil the beauty of the flowers,
and hasten the end of the Carnation season of the
present year Londonwards. It is with infinite
trouble and care that the plants can be got to grow
fairly well at Chelsea now, and the task becomes
yearly greater as the locality fills up with dwellings,
each pouiing out its little amount of smoke, but yet
addiDg to an ever-growing bulk of, to plants, poison-
ous gases, under which they pine and dwindle.
Fortunately there is compensation in the case of
plants which bloom in the summer ; the fires are
mostly " out " at the same time as the flowers, and
if plants must be harboured in frames at the time
when smoke is king, at least they flower at a pleasant
time.

All the best varieties of Picotees and Carnations
find place in this collection, and we do not remember
missing any good one that ought to be there. This is
as it should be in a first-rate nursery, and having
said so much, it will be our pleasant task to take
note of a few novelties, and call attention to indis-
pensable ones of older date.

As in Chrysanthemums, we have an Elaine in
Carnations. It is white, full, with grass of fair
strength, the height of flower-stems being 2 feet— a
novelty of last year. Brilliant, a flower of the same
year, is a self of deep rose-pink, the reverse of the
petals whitish — a neat, full-cupped bloom ; flower-
stems 2.V feet, and growth correspondingly stout
and strong. Defiance is the colour of De-
fiance Verbena ; old gardeners well know it,
a brilliant scarlet, the flower is pretty good in quality,
it might be fuller with advantage ; as it grows
strongly and is dwarf— l.V feet, there ought to be
many uses to which to put the variety. William
Toby is a very dark velvety crimson, of regular
build with capital grass, readily admitting of layer-

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 27, 1889.

ing, which is not true of all the fine bred varieties.
It is a very neat flower, and has flower-stems 2} feet
in height. Purple King is said to be an improved
Purple Emperor (Turner). The growth is of fair
strength, and the flower is beautiful. Notable are —

Thalia, a rose flake, is a full, large flower, with
stems 2 feet high ; Master Fred, of the same class, is
also good. In purple flakes, mention may be made
of Earl Stamford, only 1 foot high, good for pots
and window boxes and narrow borders ; Purple
Prince, and Bijou not showing well this year,
its grass being extremely weak. Venus, a
white self — very pure, has good grass, showing
vigorous ancestors, and has the true Clove perfume.
Joe Willet, with its bright scarlet colour would be
soon in general cultivation, but the flower, has too
few petals, and is otherwise wanting. King of
Yellows, Will Threlfall (yellow self), Elise, with
primrose-yellow ground, flaked with crimson, and of
strong growth, are all very desirable varieties of a
section of Carnations not too well filled. Alice
Ayres is a strong-growing rose flake ; Virgo, a white
self, of much merit ; Annie Benary is a crimson
flake, the ground colour white, being finely marked.
The grass is that of the Clove Carnation, and the
height of the stems is 1 foot. Raby is a cerise-
pink self, growing 2} feet high, robust and long
grass. Walter Ware, a purple self, is of equal
merit and height ; W. P. Miller, a neat flower, pure
white, is somewhat dwarfer.

We cannot close this list of Carnations without
mentioning the Blush Clove, a counterpart of the
old crimson, but of a soft rose colour. Everyone
should get this. It has the fault of splitting, but
a little indiarubber ring slipped over the still closed
bud obviates this fault.

In red-edged Picotees, pretty flowers were observed
in Miss Polly, a variety with very abundant grass,
and stems 2J feet high ; Elise, the edge very nar-
row, the florist so-called wire edge ; Jewess, and Mrs.
Keynes, of about equal merit ; Favourite is a strong
grower, with a wire edge — a neat-looking, full
bloom.

Of crimson-edged flowers mention must be made
of Ensign, Brunette, and J. B. Bryant, the last with
a wire edge. H. B, Camni and Miss H. Chancellor
are excellent purple-edged flowers. Alice is a
remarkable rose-ground Picotee, with a crimson
edge. The colour is soft and pleasant to view, and
the plant is possessed of a dwarfish habit, with grass
of good strength.

Plants and Their Culture.

Tke Greenhouse. — Pleromas may now be afforded
abundance of water, and some assistance from liquid
manure, and young stock of the plants should be
shifted and the shoots kept stopped. The useful
autumn blooming Cassia corymbosa should get
attention, this being one of those free-blooming
plants whose cultivation should be more general. It
is of easy culture. The plants will now be improved
by being afforded weak liquid manure occasionally,
and should have their shoots tied in loosely, and not
allowed to want for water at the roots at this period
of their growth. Chorozemas should now be grow-
ing freely, any needing shifting into larger pots
should be attended to at once ; and as the Tetrathecas
lose their bright colour, dead flowers should be
picked off, the shoots regulated and tied out, repot-
ting them if it is required. In the potting soil a
small portion of loam should be used, and
more loam, say one part to three of peat for most
of the other plants above-mentioned, and for
Pimeleas, Polygalas, Chorozemas, and Pleromas.
No time should be lost in completing all potting
work, so as to give the plants a long season in
which to grow, employing clean pots and clean
drainage, avoiding too large a shift at one time, and
giving plants a little extra attention for a short
time after potting.

The early propagated Bouvardias should now be
ready to shift into their flowering pots ; 5 or 6-inch

will be found large enough, as the plants can be
given plenty of liquid-manure when the pots are full
of roots. Some bone-dust should be used in the
compost. Any strong shoots unduly taking the
lead should be stopped. Succession plants should
now be all out of the cutting-pots, and making good
progress. Old plants in pots should get abundance
of weak liquid-manure, but the old stock which was
planted out will not require so much feeding if they
stand on an old hotbed.

Fuchsias should be kept well pinched back, and
potted on as required ; and the plants to bloom in
September should not now be stopped. Show and
fancy Pelargoniums will soon be past their best ; the
earliest plants will now be ready to cut hard back,
having been dried off previously. The later suc-
cession of these will be ready to place out in the
open, and should not be kept in the greenhouse or
conservatory a day longer than can be helped after the
best of the flower is over, greenfly being found very
troublesome. The plants should get no water for
two or three weeks, and during stormy weather they
should be laid on their sides. Cut them back when
ready, and when they have broken, repot them in
smaller pots than they occupied before, placing them
in a cold frame. I do not advocate the propagation
of these Pelargoniums from cuttings of the wood
when ripened off, but prefer taking young shoots
early in spring, and which will make good plants in
one season.

The late lot of Celosia pyramidalis and Cocks-
combs, also Balsams and Impatiens, should receive a
shift, and be kept growing in a warm pit, gradually
hardening them off as the plants complete their
growth, and begin to bloom. A few pots of Petunias,
Abutilons, and Coleus, should also be propagated if
required for late decorative work; these plants
will be useful in small pots in autumn. Eupatoriums
should get a shift, and be stopped occasional!)'.
These plants will take abundance of water at this
time, the pots being full of roots. A few cuttings of
these struck now, and grown in small pots, make
very effective decorative plants. Old plants of the
hardier kinds, such as E. riparium, should be plunged
out in the open, where they will make sturdy
growth, without requiring so much attention in
wateringthem. George Wythes, Syon House, Brentford.

at mid-day, when the pollen and the stigmas are dry.
The plants may be syringed lightly on bright days
when shutting up the houses. Prepare beds for and
plant out successional plants. W. Bennett, Range-
more, Burton-on-Trent.

Fruits Under Glass.

Fruiting, and Winter-fruiting Tomatos. — Put
in a few cuttings of Vick's Criterion, Hathaway 's
Excelsior, and Sutton's Perfection, or some tried
winter croppers, and shift into larger pots plants
intended for late bearing, not using too rich a
compost for this purpose, and harden off as soon as
they begin to root, bearing in mind not to employ
large pots if the plants are for planting out. Take
off all the old foliage and side shoots from those in
fruit.

Strawberries. — Runners should now be potted for
next season's forcing, placing them in a position
fully exposed to the sun, and on a floor impervious
to worms. When potting, it is a good thing just to
give a sprinkling of soot over the crocks, and
always pot firmly, using the same kind of compost as
that recommended in last month's Calendar. Remove
runners and weeds as soon as they appear on the
potted plants, and if possible water them with rain-
water, and plentifully when the roots have penetrated
the soil, and afford them a light syringing in the
afternoon of sunny days. For forcing, La Grosse
Sucrce, Vicomte Hericaut de Thury, President, and
Sir J. Paxton are good.

Melons. — Those in full bearing will require top-
dressing with old Mushroom dung, or similar
materials, a watering with manure-water occasionally,
or slight sprinklings (once a week) with Thomson's
Vine manure before affording water. Give plenty of
ventilation to the pits or houses whenever possible,
to keep the foliage healthy and the texture firm, and
do not stint the plants of space to expand their
leaves ; the trellis should be 6 or 8 feet long, and the
plants 2 feet apart. Plants in good health, when
afforded this amount of space, will bring from eight
to twelve fruits to perfection, if well cared for.
Red-spider should this season not be so pre-
valent, with the little necessity there has been
for excessive firing. Keep the laterals on fruiting
plants pinched to one leaf when a sufficient
number of fruits are set ; fertilise the blooms

The Hardy Fruit Garden.

Fruiting Strawberries for Next Year. — In
the event of the ground to be planted with layered
Strawberry plants to fruit next year not having been
as yet prepared for the plants, no time should be
lost in doing it, so as to get the plants put out early
without receiving a check, this being the secret of
obtaining a good crop from one-year-old plants. If the
ground is a moderately heavy loam, of good depth,
very little will be required in the preparing of it, as
compared with very heavy land ; a deep turn over,
with a fair coating of manure, will suffice, and some
capital crops of fruit may be obtained when nothing
more than this is done. Heavy soils, in opposition
to this minimum of preparation, will require to be
well trenched, turning in at that operation con-
siderable quantities of strawy stable manure, and
road-scrapings, if obtainable ; but in trenching, the
lower spit need not to be brought to the surface, but
merely turned over, and left alone. Light and poor
soils will be greatly improved if clay be added to a
plentiful supply of rich manure, deeply trenched in,
and the whole trodden firmly before being planted.

Layered Plants. — See that these do not want for
water, and any layering that is required to be done
should be seen to without delay. Laxton's Noble
has proved itself of use as an early " berry " — is of
good size, if a little wanting in flavour ; while
Oxonian leaves nothing to be desired for late work.
Remove some of the lower leaves, and all the run-
ners, from plants which are cleared of their fruit,
and keep down weeds ; prick up slightly the surface
of the soil between the rows, and mulch again, if
necessary, to encourage a free growth. The nets
and frame-work should be packed away when dry,
and labelled as to size, &c. H. Marlcham, Mereworth
Castle, Ke?it.

The Kitchen Garden.

Potatos. — Early Potatos, when the skins are set,
may be lifted, and what is for seed should be thinly
spread out to get well hardened. The remainder
which are intended for use should be spread out
thinly, and covered with some loose straw. If some
of the latest sorts which have been kept from
growing, and placed in boxes, and kept in a pit, new
Potatos can be obtained during the early months of
winter ; Potato sets may also be planted in the open
at this time, and if allowed to remain in the ground
all the winter, some protection 'against frosts and
rain being employed, the small Potatos formed may
be dug up as they are required.

Globe Artichokes. — In order to have succulent
heads of a large size, manure-water in considerable
quantity should be afforded the plants in dry weather,
and where the offsets are many, it is well to thin
liberally, so that strong crowns and good heads may
be had the following year.

Parsley. — A late sowing may be made on a south
or west border, and if the winter is favourable, and
wireworms few in numbers, the young plants will
stand well, and prove very serviceable in spring and
early summer in not being so liable to run to seed as
early-sown plants. Where their supply is likely to
be short, no time should be lost in thinning out
and transplanting all available plants. In planting
these, a distance of 12 to 14 inches is not too much
space if the plants are to develop fully. Much of
the loss of Parsley in winter is traceable to over-
crowding in the seed-beds and lines. A number of
roots may also be potted-up, or pricked out into
boxes, and be removed to an unheated house during
hard weather.

Sea/cale. — Cut off any flower-heads as soon as seen,
and in the case of roots intended to be forced, the
crowns reduced to one on weakly plants, and to two
or three on strong ones. If the ground be light or
poor, a slight dressing of nitrate of soda or some
other manure may be applied, but caution is neces-
sary, as an overdose will destroy the plants. [1 cwt.
to the acre, or 11 oz. to one square rod of land, is
strong enough. Ed.] rFSjfc M. Baillie, Luton Hoo,

July 27, 1889.]

THE GA ItDENER £' CHR ONI CLE.

REPORT ON THE CONDITION OF THE FRUIT CROPS.

[FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENTS, JULY, 1889.]
The worth "' average? " over" or " under" as the ease may be, indicate the amount of the crop ; and "good" " very good? or " bad? indicate the quality.

COUNTY.

ARGYLL ,

AYR

BANFF....

CAITHNESS

CLACKMANNAN .

DUMBARTON ....

DUMFRIES

EAST LOTHIAN

FIFE .

FORFAR .

KINCARDINE

KINROSS

MIDLOTHIAN

MORAYSHIRE
NAIRN

ORKNEY ..
PEEBLES

PERTH-

APPLES.

SCOTLAND-
ABERDEEN

Average
Under ; good

Under
Average ; goad

Under

Under; goo J

Under ; bad

Under; good

Under

PEARS.

PLUMS.

Under Over

Under; good Average ; good

Average
Under ; bad

Under

Under; bad

Under

Under ; good

Over; good

Average; good

Over; good

Under; good

Average ; good Average ; gocd ' Average

Over

Over; very-
good
Under

Over; good
Average ; good

Under

Under
Average ; good

Under; good

Over

Average

Under

Average

Under

Under ; good

Average ; very
good

Over; good

Average

Under

Average

Average ; very
good
Under

Very good

Under ; good Average ; good
Under; bad Average; good
Average ; good Under
Under Under

i PEACHES
CHERRIES. a>-d NEC- APRICOTS.
TARINES.

SMALL
FRUITS.

STRAW-
BERRIES.

Average

Under; good

Under

Unde

Under

Failure
Under

Average; good Over; very

good
Average; good'

Over; good
Under; good

Average

Under; good

Over; good

Average; good

Under ; bad

Average; good

Over

Under aver- Average; good Sweet under
Morellos aver-
age

Under

Average ; very
good
Under

Under

age; good
Under; good ' Uuder; good

Average
Failure

Avewge

Under

Under ; bad

Under

Under ; bad

Average; very
good

Average

Over ; very

good
Under

Under
Average

Under

Over
Average
Average

Under

Over average ;
very good

Average

Over; good

Average

Uuder
, Average ; good

Over Over

Average ; good Average ; good

Over Average

Average ; good Over; very
good
Average Average ; good

Over; very Over; very

good good

Average; very Average; very

good good

Abundant Average; good

NUTS.

NAME

AND

ADDRESS.

Under

Under; good

Over ; good

Over ; very

good
Over ; good

Over

Average; good

Over; good

Average

Over ; very
good
Under

Over

Under

Over; good

Under

Average ;
very good ;
Average; good Under; good

Under; good Under; very
good
Under

Much under

Average

Thin crop

I Standards ;
good

Average
Average ; good

Under

Uuder; bad Over; good

Under Average

Under Under

Average

Under

Under ; good

Average; good| Scarce; good Over average;
very fine

Average
Under
Under

Average

Over

Abundant ;
good
Under

Under

Average

Average; good
Under
Under
Over

Over

Over; good

Under

Under ; bad

Bad; Pippins
good

RENFREW Under; bad

STIRLING Average; good

Under ; bad

SUTHERLAND | Average

WIGTOWN Average; very

good

ENGLAND-
NORTHERN
COUNTIES.
NORTHUMBERLAND , Under

tToder

Under

Average; very! Under; bad Under; good Average; good
good

Over; very

good

Average

Average ; good Average ; good

Average; good; Over; very
good
Over ; good

Over ; good

Over

Average ;

very good

Very abundant

Average; good

Over

Average; good

Average

Over ; very

good

Average

Average ; good

Over

Average; good

Over average ; Average ; very
Raspberries I fine

under ; very

good
Over; good

Average, but

small

Average

Abundant ;
good

Over; good

Over; very

good

Average

Average ;
good
Under

Over ; very
good

Under

Average ; good

Bad, excepting Very good
Jargonelle i

Good
Under

Under ; bad Under

Under j bad Average; good Average; good

Under; bad Under Average; good

quality
Under Under Over ; good

Under; good Average; very Average; very

good

Under ; good Good ; large

Over; very Average ; good
good
Average

Over

Average; good

Over
Over

Under

Under
Under

WESTMORELAND

DURHAM ' Very good

YORKS ; Under aver-
age ; good
Under

Under
Under
Under
Average
Under; good
Under

Average

Under

Average

Very good

Uuder ; good Under ; bad

Over Average

Average

Morellos very

good

Very good

Under
Average

Average
Average ; good

Failure
Under

Good on heated

walls
Under; good

Under

Under ; not
promising
Gooseberries ' Very good
good ; Currants!

bad
Average; good Over; very
good

Over

Average

Under

Over; very
good

Average j very

good

Good ; qualit;

fine

Average

Over; very
good

Average

Average; good Average; good

Average; good Average; very
good
Gooseberries ' Good
very good
Very ^ood : Very good

Average ; good Very good ;
average
Under Average

Under

Bad

LTnder

James Boddie, Shuns Castle
Gardens, Cruden

John Forrest, The Gardens,
Haddo House

R. Farquhar, Fyvie Castle
Gardens, Fyvie

Francis Duncan, Dunecht
House

G. Taylor, Castle Gardens,
Inverary

William Priest. Eglinton Gar-
dens, Irvine

Jas. F. Smith, Cullcn Gardens,

; Cullen

John Webster, Gordon Castle,
Fochabers

John Sutherland, Langwell,
Berriedale

Thomas Ormiston, The Gar-
dens, Alloa Park, Alloa

James Mitchell, Camis Estean
Gardens, Helensburgh

Robert Fleming, Garscube Gar-
dens, Maryhill, Glasgow

Alexander Henderson, Jardine
Hall Gardens, Lockerbie

James Morrison, Archerfield
Gardens. Drem

L. Dow, The Gardens, New-
byth, Prestonkirk

R.P.Brotherston.Tyninnghame,
Prestonkirk

Wm. Lumley, Broomhall, Dum-
fermliue

Robert Gossip, Crawford
Priory, Cupar

G. Ramsay. Ford ell Gardens,
Ioverkeithing

Vvilliam McDowall, Brechin
Castle Gardens, Brechin

James Mitchell, Panmure Gar-
dens, Carnoustie

J. M. Gairns, Arbuthnott Gar-
dens. Ferdouu

John Fortune, Blair Adam
Gardens, Blair Adam

Malcolm Dunn, The Palace
Gardens, Dalkeith

Charles Johnston, Dalhousie

Cast e Gardens, Lasswade
D. Cunningham, Darnaway

Castle Gardens, Forres
James Mai t land, Cawdor

Castle, Nairn
James Manson, gr., Kilravoch

Castle, Fort George
Thos. Macdonald , Balfour Castle

Gardens, Kirkwall
M. Melntyre, The Glen, In-

verleithen
George Goodfellow, Kinfauns

Castle Gardens, Perth
John Kiug, The Gardens, Blair

Drummond
George Croucher, The Gardens,

Ochtertyre, Crieff
John Robb, Drummond Castle

Gardens, Muthill
P. W. Fairgrieve, Dunkeld

House Gardens, Dunkeld

Thomas Lunt, Ardgowan,

Greenock
M. Temple, Carron House,

Falkirk
Maurice Fitzgerald, Dunmore

Park, Larbert
D. Melville, Dunrobin Castle

Gardens, Golspie
W. Cruden, Castle Kennedy

Gardens, Stranraer

George Harris, Castle Gardens,
Alnwick

l David Inglis, Howick Hallt

| Lesbury

W. A. Miller, Underley, Kirkby

I Lonsdale

Richard Westcott, Raby Castle,

i Darlington

Thomas Junes, Ribston Gar-
dens, Wetherby

Robert C. Kingston, Ernnti rig-
ham Thorpe, Brough, East
York

100

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE*

[Jult 27, 1889.

CONDITION OF THE FRUIT CROPS— {Continued).

COUNTY.

apples: pears.

PLUMS.

PEACHES
CHERRIES. AND NEC-
TARINES.

NORTHERN
COUNTIES.
YORKS

LANCASHIRE

Under Under

Under; bad Under; bad

Average Average
Average

Average
Average
Average

Average
Under
Under

Under

Under; bad

Under

Average Morellos aver-
age

APRICOTS.

Under
Under
Under

SMALL STRAW-

FRUITS. BERRIES.

NUTS.

Average; good Under ; good Over ; good Average ; good

Fair crop ■ Bad Under I Morellos good,

Under; good Under; fair Under; good Average; fair Under; good

EASTERN

COUNTIES-
LINCOLN

. I Under; good Under; good

NORFOLK

SUFFOLK

NORTHAMPTON

Under Under

I Under; bad \ Under; bad

: Vverage ; good Under ; very
small

Over Average; goodj

Bad Under

Under; poor Under; poor

Good Good

Average; good Average; good

Over Over

Average ; good Over ; good

Average ; good Average

Over; good Over; good

Bad
Under

Average; good. Red Currants Over; very
average;JBlack good

| under ; Rasp-
berries over

Lfnder
Under
Under
Under
Under
Under
Under
Under
Under
Under

Under
Under

" Under
Under
Under

Average
Under
Under
Under
Under

Over; bad

Average

Under

Very bad

Under
Average
Under
Under
Under
Under

Under
Under
Under
Under
Under
Under
Average
Under
Under
Under
Under

Under ; bad Under ; bad

Under; bad Under; good

Under ; good Under ; almost
a failure
Average Average ; good

Under Under

Under; good Under; bad

Under ; good Under ; bad

Over ; very Average ; good

good
Uuder ; good , Under ; bad

Under; bad Average; good

Under; good Average ; good

Average ; good Average ; goo<
on walls

MIDLAND
COUNTIES

DERBY

NOTTS

LEICESTERSHIRE

RUTLAND

WARWICK

Under

Average
Under
Under
Under
Under

Under

Under
Under
Under
Under

Under

Average ; bad

Average crop

Over ; good

Under ; good

Under

Average

Good

Under

Over
Under

Average

Much under

I'nder

Under

Average

Under

Average

Under

Average; good

Average ; good

Under; bad

Average

Average
Under; good

Under ; good

Under

Failure

Very bud

Under

Un ier

Average; good

Over; very

good

Under; very

good
Under

Under

Good Average

Average; good Over average;
very good
Average Average ; good

Over; good Average; very
good
Average Over

Under

Average

Good
Average

Over ; very

good

Average ; good

Average; good Under; good
Under; good Failure

Average; good Under Under

Under; good I Very few

Under ; very

good ; Morellos

average

Under

Average

Average ; very!
good j

^ ery good

Average

Under

Bad

Under
Under
Bad

Under ; bad Under ; bad
Under ; bad Under ; bad

Under; bad Average; good; Average; good
Under

Under

Failure

Under

Average

Under

Average; very
good

Under ; bad
Under

Under ; bad
Under
Under
Under
Average
Under
Under
Under

Standard-*
under ; wall-
trained good '
Under ; bad ' I'nder ; good

Under

Average

Average; g

Under

Very bad

Under

Average

Under

Average

Under

Average

Under

Average

Under

Under
Average

Average

Under
Under
Under
Average

Average; good Over; very

good
Average Under

Very good Very good

Average Over

Average; good Average; good

Over; good Over; good

Over ; very Over ; very
good good

Over Average

Average ; very Average ; very
good good

Average; very Over; good
good
Over; good Over; good

Average; very Over; very

good good

Average ; good Over ; very
good

Average; vary Average; very

good, except good

black Currants:
Over; very . Over; very
good ' good

Average ; good Average ; very

good
Abundant and Very good
good
Very ^ood Very good

Very good Very good

Under

Average
Under

Under

I'nder

Under

Failure

Under
Under
I'nder
Under
Under
Under
Under
Under; good
Average

Under

Under ; good

Under

Under
Under; good

NAME

AND

ADDRESS.

Joseph Shaw, Nunappleton
Gardens, Bolton Percy

YV. Chuck, Broads worth Hall,
Don caster

William Culverwell. Thorpe
Perrow, Bedale

W. B. Upjohn, Worsley Hall
Gardens, Wor&ley, Man-
chester

Wm. P. Roberts, The Gardens,
Cuerdon Hall, Preston

H. Lindsay, Huntroyde Park,
Padiham

J. Hathaway, Latbom House,
Ormskirk

A. S. Elder, Highfield, Gains-
borough

lames Seth, Thurlby, Boarue
David Lumsden, The Gardens,

Bloxholm Hall
T. Rowlands, Bardney Manor,

Lincoln
J. Spilsbury, Blanknev Hull,

Sleaford
Thomas Vinden. Barlaxton

Manor, Grantham
H. Batchelor, The Garden-;,

Cat ton Park, Norwich
0. Real. Shotesham Park,

Norwich
1". Lee, Lvuford Hall, Mund-

ford
Robert Punton, The Gardens,

Wroxhani Hall, Norwich
John Wallis, Orwell Park,

near Ipswich
Robert Squibbs, Ick worth. Bury

St. Edmunds
D. T. Fish, Hardwicke, Bury

St. Edmunds
J. Sheppard. Woolverstone

Park, Ipswich
H. Rogers, RendleshanTGar-

deus, Woodbridge
G. W. Eden, Henham Gardens,

Wang ford
Arthur Ocock, Havering Park,

Romford
D. Donald, Knot's Green,

Leyton
W. Bowman, Hylands, Chelms-
ford
Jas. Douglas, Great Gearies,

Ilford
Ghas. Butler, Parndou Hall

Gardens, Harlow
William Earley, Double House,

near Ilford
James Vert. Audley End, Saf-
fron Walden

Under

Under ; bad

Under
Under

Under
Under
Under
Under
Under
Average
Under

Over ; good

Average ; good

Average; good

Plentiful

Over ; very

good
Very good

Over ; very
good

Average ; "good

Average ; good

Plentiful

Over; very

good
Very good

Uuder James Keetley, Darley Abbey

Under
Under

Under

Average; good Average; good
Average
Over ; good
Average Average

Average Under

Plentiful ;

good

Average; good

Uuder

Very thin

Under

Average
Under

John Horton, Welbeek Gardens,
Worksop

S. A. Woods, Osberton Gar-
dens, Worksop

A. Henderson, Thoresby, Oiler-
ton, Newark

31. Gleeson, Clumber Park,
Worksop

Alfred Hamshere. The Gardens,
Beaumanor Park, Lough-
borough

William Ingram, BelvoirCastlt*
Gardens

G. C. Maynard, Cole Orton
Hall Gardens, Ashby-de-la-
Zouch

John Grey, Normunton, Stam-
ford

H. Mason, The Gardens, Bis-
brook Hall. Uppingham

William Miller, Combe Abbey
Gardens, Warwick

James Rodger, The Gardens,
Cnarlecote Park, Warwick

John Bowler, Caldecote Gar-
dens, Nuneaton

Thomas Beddard, Stoneleigh
Abbey, Kenil worth

Robert Greenfield, The Priory
Gardens. Warwick

James Trigger, Milton Gardens,
Peterborough

John House, Fengate Nursery,
Peterborough

G. Goldsmith, Floore House,
Weedon

July 27, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS1 CHRONICLE.

101

CONDITION OF THE FRUIT CROPS— (Continued).

COUNTY.

MIDLAND
COUNTIES.

NORTHAMPTON ....

BEDS..

OXFORD

HERTFORD.,

WESTERN
COUNTIES.

GLOUCESTER

MONMOUTH .
HEREFORD .

WORCESTER .

SHROPSHIRE

STAFFORD ,

CHESHIRE.,

SOUTHERN
COUNTIES-
MIDDLESEX

APPLES.

PEARS.

PLUMS. CHERRIES.

PEACHES
as i) NEC-
TARINES.

APRICOTS.

Bad Bad

Under Under

Under; good Under; good

Under; good Under; bad
Under Under

Under Under

Under Average

Good I'uder
:

Average ; good Under ; bad

Aver ago

Under
Under
I nder

Under

Average ; good
Average

Failure

Bad

Under ; bad

Under

Failure

Average; good

Under

Under ; bad
Under ; bad

Under

Under
Bad

Under

Under
Under; bad
Under; bad

Under; bad

Much under ;

bad

Under

Average ; good

Under ; good

I Under ; good

Under ; good

Under

Under ; bad

Average; very

good

Average

Under
Under

Average; good

Average ; good

Under

Under; bad

Average
Under ; bad

Under ; good

Average

Under

Average

Under ; good
Under; good

Under

SMALL

FRUITS.

STRAW-
BERRIES.

NAME

AND

ADDRESS.

Much under ;
good

Under; walls,
average
Under Average

Under
Under

Average ; good
Under

Under Under

Bad Under

Under; good Average; good

Under Under

Under

Average on

walls

Average ; good

Under

Under; bad
Average; good

Under

Under
Under; good

Under

Under
Under ; bad
Under; bad

Under ; good

Under

Average ; good

Over ; good

Under ; good

Average ; good

Average

Under

Much under;

good

Under

Under ; good Under

Average

Under

Over; gooit

Average ; good

Average; good
Over ; good

Under

Good
Average; good

Under

Under
Under; bad
Undar; good

Average ; bad

Good

Under

Under ; good

Average; good

Under ; good

Average on
walls
Under

Under

Under; good

Under

A vera go

Average

Under

Under ; bad

Under

Average

Under ; good Average ; good

Average Under
I
Under; good

Average Average

Average

Under Average
I

Under ; good

Under Under

Under

Under
Under

Under ; bad
Under

Under

Below aver-
age ; bad

Under

Under; good

Under ; good
Under

■ Average; good Under; good Average; good

Under; good

Average ; good

Average

Average; good

Good

Under ; good

Average

Under

Morellos over ;

sweet under;

good

Under ; good '

HucJb under ;

bad

Under

Over ; very

good

Under

Under ; good

Average; good

Good

Average

Under; bad |

Average

Under

I'uder ; b.id

Over ; good—
especially Mo
rello>

Average
A rerage

Under ! Under; good
Over; good Average; good
Average; good Average
Under
Under
Under; good
Under
Under
Under
Average ; good

Average
Und.-r
Under

Under

Under; good

Under ; good

Average

Under ; bad

Under

Average ; good

Failure

Average

Very good

Good
Over ; very

Good
Very good

Over; very
good
Average ; good Average ; good

Orer

Raspberries

average;

Currants

under

Over; good

Average

Over ; very
good
Over

Over ; good

Currants,
Gooseberries,
and Raspber-
ries, over; very

good
Average ; good

Very good

Over ; good

Gooseberries,

Currants,
and Raspber-
ries, over ;
good
Over

Good

Average ; good

Over; very

good

Over ; very

good

Over average ;

good

Over ; good

Over

Over ; very
good
Over

Over ; extra

good
Over; very

good

Average ; very-
good
Very good

Over ; very-
good
Average; good

Orer

Very abund-

| ant ; good

Over; good

Over ; very
good

Average; good

Under ; good

Average

Under

Over; very
good
Under

Under ; good

Failure

Under

Under; bad

Much under ;
good

Under; bad Under; bad

Average ; very

good
Average ; good

Average ; good

Average; good

Good

Over; very

good
Over ; good

Under

Over; very

good
Over; good

Over* very

good
Good

Average

Average ; good

Over; very

gOOd

Over ; good

Under; good

Over; very

good
Very good

Average

Good

Over ; good

Average ; very
good
Under

Over; very
good

Over ; very

good

Average ; good

Average ; very

good

Over; very

good
Very good

Over ; very

good

Average ; good

Over; very

good
Over ; good

Over; good

Failure | Henry Birch, Castle Ashby
Garden-, Northampton
Bad :W. S. Miller, Whittlebury,

, Toweester
Under ;good H. Turner, Fineshade Abbey

! Gardens, Stamford
Much under Geo. Ford, Wrest Park, Atupt-
i hill

jWin. M. Baillie, Luton Hoo

! Park, Luton
Under A. McKay, Woburn Abbev,
Woburn

Under Charles Turner, Cranfield

Court, Newport Paguell
Under Henry Downing, Heythrop

Park, Chipping Norton
Under; bad George Stanton, Park Place,
Henley-on-Thames
Under Geo. Thos. Miles, Wycombe
Abbey Gardens, High Wy-
combe
Under J. Smith, Mentniore, Leighton
Buzzard
Under; bad I James Thomas, Shardeloes Gar-
! dens, Amersliam

Under

Under ; bad

Cha*. Herrin, Dropmore, Mai-
denhead

W. Waters, Bulstrode Gardens,
Gerrard's Cross

Jas. Bone, Latimer Gardens,
Chesham

Richard Ruffet, Panshanger,
Hertford

Tho*. Hedley, The Gardens,
Putteridge Park, Luton

J. C. Mnndell. Moor Park Gar-
dens, Rick mans worth

J. Thompson, Gorhambury Gar-
dens, St. Albans

J. Kipling, linebworth, Ste-
venage

Under

Under; bad
Under

Bad

William Nash, Badminton Gar-
dens, Chippenham
Alexander Scott, The Gardens,
Sherborne House, Northleach
John Sowray, Highnam Court,

near Gloucester
W. R. Greenway, Fretherne

Court Gardens, Stonehouse
Arthur Chapman, Weston Birt
j Gardens, Tetbury
Greatly underjThomas Coomber, The Gardens,
' The Hendre, Monmouth
Under I William Coleman, Ea«tnor

, Castle, Ledbury
Under 'Richard Thomas, The Gardens,

Downton Castle, Ludloiv
Under Kenneth MoKenzie, Allensmo:e

Court, Fram Green
Very few j A. Ward, Stoke Edith Gardens,
Hereford

Over; very

good
Over; good

Average

Average ; good
Under ; good
Over ; very

good

Average; very

good

Over; very

good
Very good

Over average;

good

Much over ;

good
Over ; very

good
Over; very-
good
Under; good

Over; very

gojd

Under; bad Over; on south Average; very
wa lis good ! good

Abundant ;
very good

Under; bad
Under ; bad
Under

Average
Under; bad

Failure

Over; very

good

Scarce

William Crump, Madresfield

Court, Malvern
John Austen, Witley Court,

Stourport
R. Robbins, Rhydd Court Gar-
dens, Hanley Castle
James Aston, Cotheridge Court,

Worcester
Walter Childe, Croome Court,

Severn Stoke, Worcester
A. S. Kemp, Haughton Hall,

Shifnal
James Louden, The Quinta,

Chirk
Richard Milner.Sundorne Castle

Gardens, Shrewsbury
j , Stourbridge

Under

James Campbell, Biddulph

Grange Gardens, Congleton
H. G. Wilks, Sandon Hall

Gardens, Stone
Under- bad ,W. Ward, Little Aston, Sutton
| Coldfield

[John Wallis, Keele Gardens,

! Newcastle

Robert Mackelhir, Abney Hall,

Cheadle
John V. Smith. Arley Hall

Gardens, Northwich

Under Geo. Wythes, Syou House,
! Brentford

102

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 27, 1889.

CONDITION OF THE FRUIT CROPS— (Continued).

SOUTHERN

COUNTIES.
MIDDLESEX ,

SURREY

KENT

SUSSEX

HANTS .

BERKS .

WILTS .

APPLES.

PLUMS.

Average; good(

Average
Under

Under

Under average
Average; good

Under ; good Under ; good
Failure Failure

Very scarce

Under

Average

Under

Under
Under

Under; good Under; good

Under ; good Under ; very
good

SOUTH-WESTERN

COUNTIES.

SOMERSET

DORSET

DEVON

CORNWALL

Under

Average ; good

Under; bad

Under; good

Average ; good

Under

Under
Under

Under ; good

Under

Average ; very

good

Over; good

Under

Average ; very

good

Under; bad

Under ; good

Very under

Under

Average ; good

Very few |

Under ; bad
Average ; good
Under
Under ; bad
Under ; good

Under ; good

Under; good

Under

Scarce
Under

Under ; good

Under

Average ; good

Average ; very

good
Under ; bad

Under ; bad

Under
Under
Under
Average
Under
Under
Under
Under
Under
Under

Average ; very

good
Average; good

Under

Under ; bad

Average ; good

CHERRIES.

Under

Average

Average ; good
Under

Average ; good

Under; good
Average ; good
Average; good

Under; good

PEACHES
A>TD NEC-
TARINES.

APRICOTS.

SMALL
FRUITS.

Under
Average

Bad
Average

Average; good Morello, aver
I age ; others
under
Under; good Under; good

i
Average; good Average; good

Over

Average ; good

Average; good

Over; good

Over; very

good

Average ; good

Average ; good; Under; good Over; very
good
Average; good Over ; very
good
Under Average

Average Under ; bad

Under ; good Under ; good

Under ; bad

Good
Average; good

Bad

Good

STRAW-
BERRIES.

NUTS.

NAME
AND

ADDRESS.

Average

Average; good

Over ; very

good
Over; good
Over ; very i

good
Over ; very j

good
Over; very

good
Average; very

good
Over ; very

good

Good

Under

Very goo I
Average

Average ; good Under ; good
Under Under

Under

Abundance
Under

Average; good Average ; good; Over; very
good

Under; good Vverage: good Average; Average; good
good ; Rasp- j
berries over ,
Under Average; good1 Over; very

good
, Over; very , Over; exoel-

Average
Under

Under

Under; good jMorellosgood;
others failure
Average ; very
good

Under; bad
.Under; good
Under ; good

Average; good

Under

Average

Average on
walls
Under

Under

Under, except
| Greengage*
Average

Over

Under; bad

Average

Under

Very good
Average

Average ; good

Average

Over ; very
good

Under ; good
Average; good

Under ; bad

Under
Over; good

Average
Over ; good
Average
Under
Average
Average
Under

Average; good
Under

Average; good

Average
Under

WALES.

CARMARTHENSHIRE

CARNARVON

DENBIGH

GLAMORGAN

MERIONETH

.PEMBROKE

Under

Under
Average
Average ; bad
Average ; good
Average ; good

Under

Average

Average ; good

Average
Under
Under

Under
Average; good
Average ; good

Under
Under

Under

Average

Under

Average
A rerage
Average
Average
Average ; bad

Under ; good Over ; blighted

Under
Under; good

Under
Under

Average; very

good
Average ; good

Under
Under

Average; good Average; good

Average
Under
Under

Under
Under
Under

Under

Average

Good

Over; very

good

Under

Average

Average ; good

Average

Under

Over ; good

Average ; good

Over ; very
good
Under

Average

Over; very
good

Average

Under

Morellos un-
der ; sweet
average
Good

Average

Over; good
Average
Average

Under

Average

Under

Average

Average ; good

Under

Half crop
Average

Bad

Average

good
Average

I Abundant
Average ; Cur-
rants middling
Over

Average

Over ; very

good
Over ; good

Under; good Average; good

Failure Over; very

good

Under Over; good

Abundant

Under Average; very

clean
Average

Under; good Over; good

Under

Average

Over

Average

Over

Over ; good

Over

Average Average; very
good

Average"; good Average; very
good

Under

Average

Under; late

Under
Under

Good

Under

Average

Good

Under
Average ; good

Under
Under
Failure

Under
Under

Bad

Average; good

I Over ; very

good
Average ; fair

Over; good

Average; ver>

good

Over; good

Over

Over; good

Abundant ;
very good

Average

Over

Wry good
Under
Good

lent
Over

Very good
Average

Over

Average

Over ; very

good
Much over ;

good
Over ; very

good
Over; very

good

Over; good

Good and fine

Very abundant

and good
Average ; good

Over; very
good
Over

Over

Average; good

Over; good

Over

Under ; bad
Under

Under
Under
Under"
Scarce

A. F. Barron, Royal Horticul-
tural Society's Gardens, Chis-
wii-k

William Bites, Poulett Lodge1
Gardens, Twickenham

John W. .Odell, The Grove,
Stanmore

Alex. Dean, Bedfont

A. Evans, Lythe Hill, Haale-
mere

J. Burnett, The Deepdeue Gar-
dens, Dorking
good John Tanner, Tandridge Court,

Godstone
bad Jas. Gold, High Ashurst Gar-
dens, near Dorking

W. Swan,.Castle Hill Gardens,
Englelield Green

Fredk. Moore, Blendon Hall,
Bex ley

William Craik, Gardens, Hoth-
i field Place, Ashford

G, A. Don, Bedgebury Park,
Hawk hurst

Bad
Much under
Under ; good

Under
Failure

Bad
Under
Under

Under

Average

Under

Average; good Under

Average ; very Under

good

Average ; very

fine

Over ; very

good
Over ; very

good
Over ; good

Average ; good

Over ; good

Over

OrerJ good Under

Abundant; Average

very good

Average ; good

Average

Over

Over ; very

good
Over; very

good

Good

C. Sutton, Chevcniug .Garden*.

i Sevenoaks

Joseph Rust, Eridge Castle,
Tuubridge Wells

Alexander Reid, Possingworth,
Cross-iu-Haud

Fruit-grower, LTck field

Fredk. Geeson. Cowdray Park,
Gardens, Midhurst

Sidney Ford, Leonardslee,
Horsham

F. Rutland, Goodwood, Chi-
chester

H. R. Holmes, Ashburnham
Gardens, Battle

T. D. Myles, The Gardens,
Appley Towers, Ryde, I.W.

W. Wildsmith, Hecklield Gar-
dens, Winchfield

Edwin Molyneux, Swanmore
Park Gardens, Bishop's
Waltham

Wni. Smythe, Basing Park,
Alton

Philip Edwards, Fowley Gar-
dens, Liphook

T. Jones, Royal Gardens
Windsor

James Tegg, Bearwood, Wo-
kingham

J. H. Rose, Lockinge Gardens,
Wantage

Robt. Fenu, Sulhamstead Ab-
bots, near Reading

Thomas King, The Gardens,
Devizes Castle

H. W. Ward, Longford Castle
Gardens, Salisbury

Charles Warden, Clureudou
Park Gardens, Salisbury

J. Horsefield, Heytesbury

Wm. Hallett, Cossington House

Farm, Bridgewater
W. Iggulden, Marston House,
Frome
Under :D. Williams, The Gardens,

j Canford Manor, Wimborne
Under William P. Leach, Bryanstou
| Gardens, Blandford
Average ; goodJames Enstone, Wear, near
| Exeter
Under Gt. J. Barnes, The Gardens,
Stoodleigh Court, Tiverton

George Baker, Membland,

Plymouth
Under James Murton, Pencaleuick,
Truro
A. Mitchell, Tehidy Park, Cam-
borne
George Knox, Port Eliot, St.

Germans
Chas. Lee, Boconnoc, Lost-
withiel

Under Lewis Eowen, Edwiusford,
Llandilo
Allan Calder, Vaynol Park
1 Garden, Bangor
Failure P. Middleton, The Gardens,
Wynnatay, Ruabon, N.W.

J. Muir, Margam Park, Port

■ Talbot
Under J. Bennett, Rhug, Corweu

Average I Geo. Griffin, Slebeck Park,
Haverfordwest

July 27, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

103

CONDITION OF THE FRUIT CROPS— (Continued).

COUNTY.

IRELAND

ANTRIM

ARMAGH..
CLARE

CORK
DOWN

WESTMEATH
KILKENNY

A PPLES.

Under ; bad , Under ; bad

Average
Under

Under
Under

Under
Good

Bad
Under

Under
Average

Average
Under

Under
Good

Bad
Much under

CHANNEL
ISLANDS.

JERSEY | Under; good Under; good

GUERNSEY < Under; good

ISLES OF SCILLY Average

Under ; good
Average

CHERRIES.

PEACHES
and NEC-
TARINES.

APRICOTS.

SMALL
FRUITS.

Under ; bad j Average; good.

Average
Over

Average
Under

Good
Bad

Bad

Average

Over; good
Average
Average

Average
Over; very \
good

Very good
Average

Under
Good

Under
Average; good,

Under
Under

Average

Bad
Under

Average ; good Average ; veryj
good

Average

Under
Under

Average
Under

Very few
Good

Under

Under
Average

STRAW-
BERRIES.

NUTS.

Average; very i Over; good

good
Average ; good Average ; good
Over; very Over; very
good good

Wry abundant , Very abundant
Average i Average ; good

Heavy crop
Very good

Very good

Abundant ;

good

Under
Very good

Average
Average; good

Over ; very Over ; very

good good

Average ; very Rather under

gGOd very good

Average Average

Average
Average

Very good

Under

Average

NAME

A2SV

ADDRESS.

Geo. Porteous, Garron Tower,

EelFast
Thoma- Shea^by, Castle Dillon
W. Rutherford, Dromokmd
Gardens, Newmarket - on -
Fergus
W. Baylor Hartland, Blackrock
Ja -. Taylor, Mountatewart,

Newtownards
G Smith, Viceregal Gardens
F. W. Burbidge, Trinity Col-
lege Gardens
J. Igoe, Garden Vale, Athlone
William Gray, Woodstock,
Iniatioga

,Chas. E. Saunders, St. Saviour's

'c. Smith & Son, Caledonia
| Nursery, St. lielier's
(Geo. D. Vallanee, Treseo Abbey
Gardens

UNCONSCIOUS INFLUENCE OF HUMAN AGENCY ON THE FLORA OF SCOTLAND.

At a meeting of the Natural History Society of
Aberdeen in the spring of this year, Professor W. H.
Trail discussed the subject of " Man's Unintentional
Agency in the Distribution of Plants," in the course
of which he described the effects of man's action on
the floras of North America, South Africa, St.
Helena, and Scotland. Coming to speak of Scotland,
the Professor said ; —

It is very noteworthy how few immigrants have
been able to establish themselves in Scotland (within
this century), with a fair prospect of becoming per-
manent residents. I have published (Scot. Nat.,
1884, pp. 243—58) a list of introduced plants and
casuals observed in north-east Scotland, in
which are enumerated all the species that I had
myself observed, and all of which I could get authentic
information as having been found in this district.
All kinds of which even one example had been found
growing, where it had not been intentionally planted,
were included, without regard to their mode of
immigration, whether as escaped garden plants, or
among rubbish thrown into sandpits, or in ballast, or
introduced with imports of commerce ; and it was
thus exhaustive as far as I could make it so. Many
of the plants named in it are among the species that
have spread most rapidly and widely in North
America ; yet with us they have been unable to
secure a footing, and have usually died out in a year
or two. There are in the list 140 species that have
either died out at once, or lingered on for a few
years, restricted to a few yards of ground.

The few that can be said to have become really natu-
ralised within this century in north-east Scotland
are Trifolium hybridum and T. agrarium, both along
the borders of fields, into which they have been
introduced in seed, as fodder plants (probably both
would disappear were the cultivated ground allowed
to relapse into its former condition) ; Lupinus
perennis, very abundant on beds of shingle along the
course of the Dee, and also along other Scotch rivers ;
Sedum Telephium and S. reflexum, here and there
-along roadsides ; Linaria vulgaris, like the Sedums ;
Mimulus luteus, along the banks of the Don and
other rivers; Veronica Buxbaumii, in gardens and
fields, as a weed of cultivated ground ; Elodea
canadensis in streams and pools, and two
or three grasses, e.g., Lolium italicum, in fields
into which they have been introduced as fodder
plants, and from which they have spread to
the banks of adjoining streams. Our flora
thus seems to be a comparatively stable one, and
well able to resist the aggressions of immigrants

from other parts of Europe, or from more distant
lands. But if we look to the distribution in Scot-
land of many of our lowland plants, we are con-
strained to believe that they owe their introduction
into Scotland to man, though admitted into British
floras without indication that they are not among
the indigenous species of the country. It must be
borne in mind, however, that we have no reason to
believe that any species of Phanerogams, and few
well-marked sub-species or varieties, have originated
in Britain, and that the only questions with regard
to the origin of our flora relate to the countries
from which the plants came here, and the time and
agency oi immigration ; yet in many respects human
agency is so distinct in its results from all others,
that it is convenient to regard it as different in kind
from them, and to discuss it separately.

Turning, then, to the distribution of our so-called
native plants, we find that many of them are restricted
to the neighbourhood of houses or of ruins, others
to the waysides or to the vicinity of gardens, from
which it is clear that they originally escaped. Such
plants as the Mallows, Hawthorn, Goutweed, Cicely,
Elder, Chamomile, Tansy, Leopard's Bane, Toad-
flaxes, and Good King Henry, are evidently enough
escapes from the gardens of old days when they were
cultivated for beauty or medicinal virtues, real or
supposed. There can be as little doubt, I think, that
such species as the Nettles, Goosefoots, and such-
like, have been unintentionally introduced by man.

As regards the weeds of cultivated soil, not only
do they owe their introduction into the country to
man, but were cultivation of the soil to cease, they
would almost to a certainty rapidly disappear from
the flora. But the adventitious flora of North
America teaches us that plants that we could
scarcely have supposed likely to be introduced by
man are among the most widely spread by him on
that continent, eg., Ranunculus acris; and it is
probable that we cannot now realise how large a
part human interference has played in the past in
moulding the flora of our Scottish lowlands. On the
other hand, there is little trace that it has altered
the flora of the highlands in any marked degree, at
least in the alpine tracts, except that within this
century the relics of the Arctic-alpine flora have
become rarer — or even very rare — through the indis-
cretion of botanists, or rather of plant collectors. It
cannot be said that any new alpines have been
introduced into our flora by man's unintentional
agency.

The flora of the lower hills also, where these were
not originally forest-clad, has been little modified,
save here and there, where moors have been drained,
or where slight changes may have been brought
about by continued pasturing of sheep or cattle
upon them. The primeval foiest exists in only a few
highland valleys now; in it also man has effected
little change on the native flora, and along the

dunes that skirt many parts of our coast the effucta
of man's hand are scarcely to be traced.

But in the lowlands, wherever a permanent habi-
tation could be made, and the soil was fit for culti-
vation, or could be fitted for it by human industry,
and also where the primeval forest once extended,
man has greatly modified the original flora of Scot-
land. Let us learn from North America what had
gone on in Scotland in ancient times. We are told
by Koman authors that the country was covered
with dense forests or impenetrable marshes, and that
it was inhabited by a race of savages, whose mode of
life must have been like that of the Indians of
North America in many respects. The indigenous
flora of these marshes aud forests must have been
much like what we still find in such localities in
Scotland ; composed of a comparatively small num-
ber of species than the prevalent types of the her-
baceous vegetation of the lowlands, though now
restricted to a few localities, aDd interesting to us
from their rarity. The species then growing on the
exposed moors and in the mountain corries, must
have been almost the same as still grow in these
habitats, though, probably, the alpines were more
abundant. Gradually the forests were cut down,
the motive being, it would seem, more often to drive
out troublesome freebooters and wild beasts of .prey
than to make use of the timber, or to clear the soil
for cultivation. As the forests were destroyed, the
plants that grew in them could no longer thrive
without the shelter. The marshes also dried up
as the rainfall diminished ; and as years passed on
drainage converted many of them into meadow3 or
arable land.

New races of men immigrated from the continent
of Europe, and from Eugland, and brought with them
their domestic animals, cultivated plants, and new
methods of cultivation. Frequent intercourse went
on with other countries, and imports from other
lands brought with them the seeds of plants pre-
viously unknown in Scotland. These occupied the
habitats vacated by their former tenants, or, were
able to oust the native plants when placed in
circumstances so unfavourable to their vigorous
growth. And thus went on a change that we know
must have profoundly modified the indigenous flora
of Scotland. But that must always remain, to a
considerable extent, matter of conjecture, for its
greater features were accomplished before botanists
began to seek out the causes of things.

Changes are still going on, but they are now slow,
and we must look to the colonies to gain some adequate
conception of what must have been the course of
events in the past centuries, in our own land, and of
how far man has, unconsciously, changed the flora of
Scotland. While we cannot but regiet the loss of
certain species, we must recognise that to human
agency we owe much of the variety, and to some
extent the beauty also, of what we are apt to regard
as the indigenous flora of our native land.

104

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July 27, 1889.

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who experience any difficulty in obtaining
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forwarded with complaint ).

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Now ready, in cloth, lis. 6<L
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

J. Vol. V., Third Series. JAN. to JUNE, 1889.

W. RICHARDS. 41. Wellington Street. Strand. W.C.

APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.

8HOW8.

SATURDAY.

TUESDAY,

i Liverpool Horticultural Association
Ltv, 3-j (and on 5th).

( Southampton (and on 5th).

SALES.

Stove and Greenhouse Plants at

Jl'iY 30-j North Duhvich, by Protheroe &
( Morris.

i Freehold Nursery at Acton, W., at
WEDNESDAY, JciySW the Auction Mart, London, by
( Protheroe & Morris.

( Collection of Orchids formed by T.
THURSDAY. Ayo. 1-j M. Shuttleworth, Esq., at Ste-
( ven»' Rooms.

rRTniv .„_ Q( Imported and Flowering Orchids,

riuuAi, Aic. -i-j at Protheroe St Morris' Rooms.

CORRECTED AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR THE ENSU-
ING WEEK, DEDUCED FROM THE OBSERVATIONS
OF FORTY-THREE YEARS, AT CHISWICK— 63°.3.

The gardeners of this country

ohrphau'Fund9. are to be congratulated on their
success in launching, and now we
may say, in establishing this Fund. Initiated
by gardeners, taken up warmly by them, con-
tinuously supported by them, its affairs managed
almost, if not quite exclusively, by them, it bids
fair to be the means of alleviating alarge amount of
distress and misery. What better means of cele-
brating the Queen's Jubilee, and of giving
practical expression of our gratitude for the
settled government we live under, could have
been devised than the establishment of this fund ?
The mind of the gardener was impressed by the
fact of the Jubilee, and all that it implied ; his
heart was touched by the sufferings and needs of
the helpless and innocent. The result we see
before us. Moreover, it is a result which must,
from the nature of the case, expand and grow.
It will be the duty of the management to avoid
all checks to expansion, and to direct its growth
in the most efficient and direct manner. At the
election of candidates on Friday, July 10, six
children were elected, leaving eight disappointed
candidates. The first business of the Society is
to secure a sufficient reserve fund to meet pos-
sible contingencies, the next to enlarge the
annual income, so as to avoid, as far as possible,
these painful disappointments.
At the dinner, held after the election, Sir

Julian Goldsmid presided, followed, after a
time, by Mr. Shirley Hibbekd. Nearly 200
gardeners were present, and the greatest good-
will prevailed. With a view of lessening the
disappointments referred to, Mr. Harry Veitch,
following the lead of Mr. Sherwood last year,
promised a donation of a hundred guineas, on
condition that a similar amount was contributed
by the gardeners within the next three months.
Such a donation will nearly suffice to ensure the
election of one child to the benefits of the insti-
tution, and there were indications in the room
that night that Mr. Veitch's generosity will be
put to the test in the way he intended it to be,
and that not one additional orphan only will be
helped, but more than one. We need hardly
say we shall be pleased to receive subscriptions,
however small, to this end. A further note will
be found in another column.

Vestries.

Among the many duties which
devolve upon the London County
Council, that of attending to the
trees which have been planted in many of our
public thoroughfares will, it may be hoped, receive
at an early date the attention it deserves. At
the present time, and while some of the London
trees, notably those on the Embankment, are an
ornament to the metropolis, others are in a far
from satisfactory state. Those in Shaftesbury
Avenue oall for prompt attention : many are
dead, some are dying, and others require atten-
tion in various ways.

In some parishes, where the work of attending
to the trees devolves upon the local vestry,
matters are by no means properly looked after.
This was made manifest at last week's open meet-
ing of the vestry of St. George's, Southwark ;
and some account of arboricultural matters in
that parish may be of interest.

When the trees were first planted we do not
know7 ; at the present time over 400 are under
the care of the parish. Mr. Britten, who is a
member of the Vestry, naturally takes a special
interest in the matter, and about two years ago
called the attention of the officials to the highly
unsatisfactory state of many of the trees. Those
who know the difficulty of producing an impres-
sion upon vestries— it is not only " great bodies "
that "move slowly" — will not be surprised to
learn that some time elapsed before any efficient
steps were taken to remedy the state of things.
About a year ago a Special Committee was
appointed, but from one cause or another nothing
much came of it until some two or three months
since, when, at the instance of Mr. Britten, Mr.
George Nicholson was informally invited to
visit the trees, and to make such suggestions for
their improvement as seemed to him desirable.

After his visit, a Report was drawn up by the
Committee, embodying the principal suggestions
made, and presented to the Vestry on Tuesday
week last. It is needless to say that the sug-
gestions were of the most practical kind, and,
although involving some present outlay, would,
in the long run, prove economical, as the new
trees planted in accordance with them would
stand a better chanoe of life than those which
now exist.

The Report was about to be aocepted, when a
vestryman took exoeption to a criticism passed
upon the former mode of planting, and pro-
ceeded to deliver his views as to what was
needed under the circumstances. It appeared
that his late father had taken much interest in
the question, and had, indeed, been instrumental
in inducing the Vestry, in the first instance, to
take up the planting of trees in the streets ; and

he regarded any criticism on the past as in some
way reflecting on the memory of his father.

He then proceeded to point out at much length
that the trees did not require the breathing and
root-space which the Committee had recom-
mended, and which is carried out in most other
places ; and demonstrated, to his own satisfaction
at any rate, that the heavy rainfall of last year
was mainly responsible for the existing state of
the trees.

Mr. Britten, as one concerned in the Report,
disclaimed any intention of reflecting on the
memory of the deceased gentleman, of whose
connection with the trees he had not been aware,
and pointed out that, as he had called attention
to the unsatisfactory state of the trees in 1887,
the bad weather of 1888 could hardly be held
responsible for it. But the hour was late, and
the Report was referred back to the Committee —
not, however, before an enterprising vestryman
had suggested that the tree-guards might pro-
fitably be let out for advertising purposes ! The
pencil of Mr. W. G. Smith might find ample
scope for its characteristic humour in a sketch of
the possibilities opened up by this suggestion.

Any one who will take the trouble to walk
down the Blackfriars, St. George's, or
Borough Roads, will be able to form an opinion
as to how far the St. George's Vestry has shown
itself capable of attending to matters arbori-
cultural. More than sixty trees out of the 400
odd are dead, and have long been so ; the death
of others can only be a matter of a year or two ;
others are gnarled and scarred from neglected
wounds, and are misshapen and crooked. In
some cases, in defiance of the contract, Poplars
have been planted instead of Planes, and the
Planes are of various kinds, many of them bad.
This is no fault of the present contractor, who
has but lately undertaken the work ; but it
reflects discredit upon the Vestry, who, in spite
of remonstrance, did not insist on the previous
contractor carrying out his obligations.

It is to be regretted that Mr. Britten — whose
position should entitle his opinion to some
weight in matters of this kind, backed, as it was,
by the high authority of Mr. Nicholson —
should have failed in his endeavour to secure
for the ratepayers of a crowded part of South
London the benefit which those who first planted
the trees in St. George's parish designed for
them. We commend the consideration of the
matter to the County Council, and trust that
some means will be found for placing the trees
of our streets under the superintendence of some
competent authority.

Orchid Nomenclature.— A -meeting of Or-
chid growers and others was held in the Lindley
Library on Wednesday last to discuss thi3 subject.
Sir Tbevob Lawrence, President of the So-
ciety, and afterwards Mr. Morris, presided, and
among those present were the Treasurer and the
Secretary of the Society, General Berkeley, Mr.
Baker, Mr. H. Veitch, Mr. H. Williams, Mr. O'Brien,
Mr. Pollett, Mr. Rolfe, Mr. Courtauld, Mr. Smee,
Mr. Tautz, and many others. After some discus-
sion, the following resolution, agreed to in substance
at a meeting of the Orchid Committee on the pre-
vious day, was proposed by Dr. Masters, and seconded
by Mr. Courtauld, was unanimously agreed to: —
" That the Council of the Koyal Horticultural Society
be requested to nominate a committee in which bota-
nists, importers of new plants, raisers, and growers,
shall be represented, to draw up a code of regulations
applicable to the nomenclature of plants introduced
into and cultivated in gardens, such code, when duly
approved, to be considered binding on the officials and
committees of the Society, and recommended for uni-
versal adoption." A committee was then appointed.

July 27, 1889.J

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

105

Fig. 10.— a tree iibidoe is outslasd, new soctu walks, (seb r. 107.)

106

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Ji-t.v 27, 1889.

It was further resolved that the Director of the
Royal Gardens, Kew, and the Keeper of the
Botanical Department of the British Museum, be
severally requested to nominate a member of their
staff to act on the committee.

THE FRUIT CROPS. — In another place will be
found the tabulated reports on the condition of the
fruit crops for this season supplied by our corre-
spondents throughout the country. Generally taken,
the crops are below the average, with the exception
of small fruits and Strawberries, which, with only
very few exceptions, are very satisfactory. Those
counties grouped under the headings eastern and
midland appear to be the worst off. The Scotch
returns show some variety, and point to fair crops
on the whole. Apples and Pears are of bad quality,
except in the southern counties. In Middlesex,
Surrey, and Kent, Cherries are yielding fairly good
crops, and the quality of that crop is returned
as good in most cases. But taken as a whole, the
fruit crop of 1889 will not be one to rejoice over.

The Scientific Committee.— An excellent
illustration of the good work which may be, and is
effected, by this body, was shown on Tuesday last, when
the report on the " burrs " of Fir trees was presented.
The specimens in question had been submitted for
independent examination to two botanists and two
entomologists, with the result of a substantial agree-
ment of opinion that the growths in question were the
result of a fungus, iEcidium elatinum, the same that
produces the "witches' brooms," of the German forests.
Such an origin had not before been suspected, and
even now, it seems to us, to be doubtful whether
some of those cases may not be due to other causes.
The report of Professor Marshall Ward, Dr. Scott,
Mr. McLachlan, and Mr. Michael, will be given, we
presume, in full in an early number of the Society's
Journal.

Nottinghamshire Horticultural and Bo-
tanical SOCIETY.— The members and friends of
this Society, to the number of 250, visited Chats-
worth House and grounds on the 18th inst. After a
pleasant drive of about 4 miles from Rowsley, the
party arrived at the house, which was inspected, a
ramble through the pleasure gardens, with the mag-
nificent conservatory, the cascade, waterfalls and
fountains followed. The kitchen gardens and the
glasshouses being also visited.

The Gardeners' Orphan Fund.— The annual
meeting of the subscribers, election of children, and
anniversary dinner, took place at the Cannon Street
Hotel, E.C., on Friday the 19th inst., the former
commencing at 2 p.m., after a meeting of the com-
mittee at noon ; Mr. George Deal presiding, there
being a very satisfactory attendance. The annual
report alluded to the great success which has attended
the establishment of the Fund ; and to the thankful-
ness of the committee in having been able during the
past year to dispense the means of support to a number
of children, who, but for the assistance thus granted,
would have suffered privations which it is felt that
no orphan child of a British gardener should endure.
It dwelt upon the generosity of Mr. N. N. Sherwood
in placing the sum of £100 at the disposal of the com-
mittee, the deep obligation to the Duke of Bedford
for the use of the Flower Market, Covent Garden,
for holding the second floral /to ; and to the Baroness
Burdett Coutts, for opening it. Thanks were
expressed to the Duke of Marlborough, for opening
Blenheim Gardens, whereby the sum of £13 was
raised for the Fund ; and to several others who
organised and carried to a successful issue entertain-
ments in their several localities, by means of which
substantial sums were raised. The help of the
local secretaries was gratefully acknowledged ;
special mention being made of Mr. J. Hughes, of
Birmingham, who, by means of distributing several
collecting boxes over the town, had obtained a con-
siderable amount in small sums. The services of
the gardening press was duly acknowledged, also
those of the auditors, and great satisfaction

was expressed that the munificent gift of
£500 by the Duke of Bedford had permitted an
additional child, making six in all being placed on
the funds at the election that day. The balance-sheet
showed receipts for the year from all sources amount-
ing to £1974 13s. "id., which, with a balance of
£608 6s. 10ii. brought over from last year, made a
total of £2583 0$. 5d. ; the expenditure, very nearly
the same amount as the receipts, including the pur-
chase of £1500 worth of Government stock, a
balance being carried forward of £605 13s. 9d. The
sum invested to date amounts to £2525 19s. lOd.
The report and balance-sheet having been adopted,
the Treasurer, auditors, and Secretary were elected,
and Messrs. Cannell, Goldhing, Head, Laing,
Nicholson, Penny, Poupart, and Roberts were
elected on the committee. The meeting was then
adjourned to receive the report of the scrutineers,
and, on re-assembling, it was announced that the
voting had been as follows : —

Votes.

Olive Chapelow

Bessie Stronaeh Deed-

Bessie Taylor 237

Arthur John Ireland ... 233

Edmund Walker Mose- man 73

dale 151 Henry Edmund Skelton 55

William Charles Allen... 133 Arthur Laeey 49

David George Guthrie... 108 Mary Grieve 47

Harry Rohiuson Preston 103 Thomas Henderson ... 44

Robert James Todd ... 92 Frank Buk'her 13

The Chairman declared that the election had fallen
upon the first six candidates. Votes of thanks were
passed to the treasurer, trustees, auditors, executive
committee, scrutineers, and secretary, and the meet-
ing closed with a hearty vote of thanks to the Chair-
man. The annual dinner took place at 5 p.m., Sir
Julian Goldsmid, Bart., M.P., the President, in the
chair, supported by a numerous company. The hall
was handsomely decorated with majestic Palms, and
contributions of fruit and flowers for the tables were
received from several gardeners, which greatly
enhanced the enjoyment of the evening. In pro-
posing " Gardeners and Gardening," Mr. H. J,
Veitch promised the generous donation of £100,
provided a similar sum was raised by the supporters
of the Society within the space of three months.
The Chairman promised the sum of £25, and other
promises were also made. Further donations are
required in order to secure Mr. Veitch's generous
offer. The proceedings throughout were charac-
terised by much spirit, and the second annual dinner
of the Gardener's Orphan Fund proved a distinct
success.

A Meeting of the Floral Committee
was held at the Society's Gardens, Chiswick, on
July 18. Present : Mr. VV. Marshall, in the chair ;
Messrs. Pilcher, Dean, Herbst, Leach, Hobb,
Ilibberd, Pollett, Wynne, Nicholson, Cannell, and
Goldring. The committee inspected the collections
of Ivies, Stocks, and hardy flowering annuals growing
in the gardens, giving marks of merit to the most
approved varieties. A full report of these trials will
be published in the Society's Journal.

Timber, and some of its Diseases.— We
hasten to announce the publication of this volume
by Messrs. Macmillan & Co. When we say that it
is written by Professor Marshall Ward, of the
Cooper's Hill College, who has incorporated what
has been written by Hartig, Sorauer, and others,
we have said enough to commend the volume to
the notice of all concerned. Later on it will be our
duty to notice the book at greater length.

Kew " BULLETIN."— The July number is taken
up with a list of publications relating to the sys-
tematic, economic, and geographical botany of the
possessions, dependencies and protectorates of the
British Empire. The two first sections relating to
elementary works of a general character, and to those
relating to the flora of Great Britain, are so incom-
plete that they might well have been omitted. The
other sections are very serviceable, and few people will
find them more so than Editors. The general reader
will experience some surprise at the great number
of possessions of whose very existence and names
he was unaware. Not so the naturalist, as this list

shows. Some slight account is given of these de-
tached fragments of the British Empire, with re-
ferences to the principal works and memoirs dealing
with their botany and products.

CATTLEYA MOSSI/E.— At a recent meeting of
the Orchidienne, the Horticulture Internationale So-
ciety showed sixty individual plants, all different one
from the other. More than 500 flowers were open
at one time. We hope that the Orchidienne will
neither give nor sanction the application of sixty
distinct names to these sixty varieties of Cattleya
labiata Mossiai ; and further that, if any names be
given for horticultural purposes only, such names
should not be Latinised as if they were botanical
varieties duly authenticated and registered, and
capable of discrimination.

" LlNDENIA." — The following plants are figured
in the last number : —

Cattleya Mossite var. Bousieana. — A fine mottled
variety.

Cypripedium Elliott ianum, described in these
columns by Mr. O'Brien, 18S8, iv., 501, t. 186.

Dendrobium densiflorum,t. 187.

Thaius yrandijlorus, t. 188.

Messrs. Lees Nursery.— At the nursery at
Isleworth, where Mr. Webb presides over cultural
affairs, and only deciduous trees and shrubs are
grown, some beautiful effects are found in the long
walk (200 yards), which are due to planting both
sides with all, or nearly all, the known variegated
forms of trees and shrubs suited to the climate of
these islands. We believe there is nothing like it to
be found elsewhere, and we hope to give the names,
and some account of these and other trees and
plants in this and the other nurseries of the firm at
an early date,

" Names and Synonyms of British
Plants." — Mr. G. E. Warburton has rendered a
good service by publishing in a convenient form a
complete alphabetical list of British flowering plants,
showing the synonymy of each species, together with
references to the nomenclature of the" London Cata-
logue," English Botany, the works of Babington,
Bentham, and Hooker. As an index of plant
names, and of the authorities using them, this will
be found very useful. It is published by Georqe
Bell & Sons.

" Practical Poultry Breeder." — Many
people would like to kuow " how to make poultry
pay ; " still more, perhaps, would like to know how to
manage fowls for amusement or domestic purposes.
Such persons may be glad to hear of a little book
under the above title, written by William Cook, an
expert in poultry-raising, and to be had of E. W.
Allen, Ave Maria Lane, London, E.C. It is illus-
trated by several woodcuts, showing the several
breeds.

Chiswick Scientific and Literary Society.

— With the permission of the Council of the Royal
Horticultural Society, this Society again held its
annual garden party in the Chiswick Gardens on the
evening of the 18th inst. Members and friends
exhibited scientific instruments, &c, and on the
lawn alfresco tableaux vioants were presented in the
course of the evening. The lawn was also elegantly
illuminated at dusk.

Hammersmith Horticultural Society.—
The summer show of this Society was held on the
18th inst., and Mr. J. C. Cowley, gardener to F. G.
Tautz, Esq., Studley House, the President of the
Society, contributed a very handsome group of
Orchids in flower. Another good group consisting
of foliage and flowering plants — tastefully arranged
— was that contributed by Mr. M. T. May, gr. to the
Marquis of Bute, Chiswick House. These two
groups were, as may be supposed, in a show pertain-
ing especially to the small gardens of the district, were
not competitive. Ona of the prettiest little groups

Jci.v 27, 1889.]

TEE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

107

for effect we have seen this season was that which
gained first honours for Mr. Pailley, gr. to R. L.
Uosh, Esq., Rupert House, Chiswick. Vegetables
securing 1st prize were well shown by Mr. R. Aitken,
gr. to J. J. Ford, Esq., Ravenscourt Park, who also
showed good cut flowers. Some pretty and interest-
ing British Ferns were shown by Mr. John Addison,
gr. to Mrs. Lloyd, Merton Lodge, Chiswick.

The Inflammability of Jute as Com-
pared WITH COTTON.— Jute bagging, which has
been used in America for cotton bales, has lately
been replaced by cotton itself, as more safe and
efficient. It has been tried by various tests, and
found to be superior to the jute bagging in resist-
ing the use of the cotton-hook, and the shocks
of compressing, weighing, sampling, heading, re-
heading, and protects the cotton more effectually
from damp and dirt. It has also passed the ordeal
of fire. Four bales were used as a test. First, on a
compressed bale covered with cotton cloth bagging,
was placed an uncompressed jute bale. Alongside
these was a compressed bale covered with jute, and
on top of that was an uncompressed cotton cloth
bale. A match was applied to the first jute. Im-
mediately it was enveloped in flames ; within a
second of time the fire had run from end to end of
the bale, and every thread and strand was burning.
The bale beneath, covered with cotton cloth, was
almost uninjured, the only damage being a slight
scorching to the bagging, which did not extend to
the cotton inside. Meanwhile the flames had spread
to the compressed bale covered with jute, and it too
was burning, while the cotton-clothed bale above
was smoked, charred, and scorched, but would not
burn. As an additional proof of the incombustible
nature of the cotton bagging, a pan of burning char-
coal was emptied on it, and even this did not cause
it to burn. Another advantage of this bagging is,
that it takes the marks so distinctly that they can
be seen and noted at a distance, and are almost
indelible.

" Tropical Agriculture."— a new edition of

this work, by Mr. P. L. Simsionds, is in the press,
and will be published by Messrs. E. & F. Spon,

Opening of Clissold Park.— The Earl of
Meath, for the Public Gardens Association ; Lord
Rosebeky, for the London County Council ; Sir
Lewis Pelly, M.P., and a large gathering of the
public men of Hackney, Islington, Stoke Newington,
and South Hornsey attended at Clissold Park, N.,
last Wednesday afternoon to take part in the public
opening. The 52.} acres comprising the park are at
present in a transitional state, the laying out of
paths and other work being far from complete,
although several ponds have been cut and furnished
with ornamental islands and swans, and a number
of seats have been placed for the convenience of the
public. After a procession had been made round
the Park, Mr. Rontz and Mr. Beck, who have taken
a leading part in the acquisition of the Park for
public purposes, briefly gave a history of the move-
ment and the manner in which. the £95,000, the cost
of the Park, had been raised. The district mostly
benefited by this great open space has contributed a
considerable sum, and the County Council and the
Public Gardens Association have generously assisted.
Lord Rosebery declared the Park open, and this
was notified to the outside public by the firing of
a gun.

Esparto in Tripoli and Alqiers.— The

export of Esparto (Stipa tenacisima) from Tripoli
during the past year is said to have been largely in
excess of those of former years ; altogether 69,000
tons were exported, namely, 45,000 from the port of
Tripoli, and 24,000 from the Khoms district.
Owing to the increased distances the Arabs have
to travel to get to the Esparto-producing lands,
and the prospects of high freights for the coming
year, it is not expected that current prices will be
alluring to them. Under the name cf Alfa it
is reported from Algiers that 2,250,000 metric

quintals were collected during the year in that
country, and that the great bulk of this is
sent to England. Algeria, indeed, is said to
furnish not much less than half of the entire quan-
tities imported here. An important edict was
published by the Governor-General on Decem-
ber 14 last, regulating the gathering, the sale, and
the exportation of this valuable fibre, and establish-
ing a close period extending over four months, for
the protection of the plant, which seemed threatened
with extinction, and which cannot be propagated by
artificial means. In the Tell this is from January 1G
to May 15, and in the High 1'lateaux from March 1
to the end of July. The Alfa, on the southern slope
of the latter, descending to the Sahara, is reserved
expressly for the use of the Arabs, and can only be
gathered by them. In times of unusual drought or
calamity, the date of the gathering season may lie
advanced in the interest of the Arab population. The
plant may only be plucked by hand or by the
use of a small stick. No cutting instrument of any
kind is permitted, and no Alfa plants may be rooted
up to be used as fuel, or for any other purpose.
Rules are also made for the regulation of the various
ohaniiers or depots scattered over the colony for the
purpose of collecting the Alfa from the Arabs or
Spaniards, who are in the habit of gathering it.

The Dutch Bulb Crop.— From Haarlem it
is reported that the crop of Hyacinths, and some
other bulbs, is only a moderate one ; a state of things
which is attributed to the very warm weather expe-
rienced during the growing period, among which
were some days of unusual and extreme heat. The
bulbs of the Hyacinths, especially, are smaller than
usual, but it is expected that they will give fine
flowers, and be better adapted for early forcing than
was the case with those harvested last year.

TREE-BRIDGE OYER A RAVINE.

Oub illustration (p. 105) exhibits a primitive mode
of forming a bridge by felling a huge Eucalyptus,
and allowing the trunk to fall over a ravine of con-
siderable width, in Gipp's Land, Lachland Territory,
New South Wales. Baron F. Von Mueller, to whom
our thanks are due for forwarding the photograph
from which the figure was engraved, and which also
shows a noble Tree Fern (Dicksonia), in writing to
the Argus in March last, from South Yarra, con-
cerning the big trees of Victoria, remarks : —

"Through the kind attention of our renowned
fellow-colonist, Mr. A. W. Ilowitt, I received, some
time ago, information of a tree of E. amygdalina,
which grew on the southern slope of the Yarragon
Ranges, where it was felled, according to Mr. T.
Rollo, by a settler, Mr. Dickinson of name, in clear-
ing for his dwelling; the length measurement of this
tree was 410 feet, but, unfortunately, it was burnt oft'.

" Mr. C. Walter actually measured and re-measured,
1S60, a fallen tree, also of E. amygdalina, about
2 miles north of Fernshaw, and found it to be
392 feet long. But as the very oily foliage of this
species, also chiefly used in Mr. Bosisto's extensive
distillations, so easily ignites, and as the wood of
this kind of tree on damp ground is so readily perish-
ing, we are, as a rule, deprived of the chances of re-
measuring fallen or felled trees, however much we
may wish to satisfy scepticism in this respect. But
we might just as well discredit the occurrence, cer-
tainly very rare, of trunks of Todea barbara over 2 tons
in weight, notwithstanding a specimen heavier still,
and weighed at a reliable weighbridge, being placed
by me permanently in front of the Exhibition building.

" For some other measurements of tree giants of
ours, reference may be made to the fifth decade of
the Eucalyptography , where also details of enormous
stem diameters and stem circumferences are set
forth, and where, likewise, are alluded to data about
huge Tasmanian Eucalypts, as locally furnished by
the Rev. J. F. Ewing, and as rendered further known
already through Professor Ilenfrey's Botanic Gazette,
as well as through Dr. M. T. Masters' early writings.
Sir William Denison secured there also grand results
in this respect nearly forty years ago.

" When last year the question of ' the tallest trees
of the world ' was anew discussed in connection with
the Centennial Exhibition, I suggested, specially to
to the Hon. John Forrest, the Minister of the Lands
Department of Western Australia, that the most
gigantic of the Karri trees (Eucalyptus diversicolor)

might be accurately measured by the local surveyors,
in confirmation of, or collateral to, the records left by
the late Captain Pemberton Walcott, of Karridale, who
spoke of a tree of that species fully 400 feet high, and
who related astounding basal widths ; while another
most trustworthy West Australian settler, Mr. T.
Muir, of Lake Muir, found Karri stems 300 feet long
to the first branch, as reiterated in my Select Plants.
I saw there myself, particularly towards the Gordon
River, Karris of marvellous height, in dense under-
wood. Here, with us, giant trees should be par-
ticularly sought for, where the Eucalyptus forests
merge into those of the evergreen Beech.

" What the recently-discovered extensive Sequoia
forests, in Southern California, may yet reveal of
colossal trees remains yet to be ascertained. Pro-
fessor Brewer noted several species of Pinus in the
United States, exceptionally, as 300 feet high, but
these proud individual trees have probably dis-
appeared. Here I have, with others, repeatedly
urged that tracks should be cut to any yet remain-
ing or newly-discovered giant trees for easy ap-
proach of visitors to the spot, and that such wonders
of the empire of plants should be retained as State
property, duly protected by law, the ground to be
cleared around, and to be fenced oft', so that also the
next generations may yet enjoy a view of these living
wondrous structures of centuries growth.

" As the Australian Association for the Advance-
ment of Science will hold its next annual meeting in
Melbourne, let us fain hope that the few veritable
giants of the forests at present known may come within
convenient reach in time for the meeting — January,
1890, also to the members, their ladies and friends,
many from the neighbouring colonies, and, as the
railway by that time will be ready to Bright, the
Association may, perhaps, avail itself extensively of
the chance to visit the Australian Alps right up to
the glaciers."

American Notes,

The Society of American Florists will hold their
annual meeting next month, August 20, 21, and 22,
at Buffalo, N.Y., and to which I am instructed to
cordially invite any of the European trade and those
interested in horticulture who may be visiting
America. Mr. Win, J. Stewart, Boston, Mass., is the
Secretary.

One of the principal subjects for discussion is "to
establish an experimental garden in the country on
the plan of the one at Chiswick" in the old country.
The question of what shall be the national flower
will also be brought up. Considerable public con-
troversy on this subject has been going on during
the year, and many are the suggestions put forth.
The florists naturally want a flower that will afford
them an opportunity to turn an honest dollar, but
the public sentiment leans towards the adoption of
the Golden Rod (Solidago), a common weed here
[Sixty-six species in N. America] ; other persons-
lovers of the fragrant weed — vote for the Tobacco ;
whilst the sentimentalists suggest the modest Violet,
perhaps Viola pedata ; but the more sensible wish to
have Maize, as being better known.

The parks and gardens, owing to the unusual
rainfall, are not looking so well, and are not in so
forward a condition as usual. Amongst the notice-
able plants are dwarf French Cannas ; the sacred
Lotus (Nelumbium speciosum) is likewise in flower at
the Central Park ; but of the Lily pond and the
bedding generally I will write in my next letter.

The small-fruit season is nearly over, the wet
weather having played havoc with the crops of
Cherries and Strawberries. Gooseberries are not
much in demand over here, and no one makes a
specialty of their cultivation. In opposition to this
we find Strawberries taken with every meal, and a
few facts concerning the enormous quantities grown
and consumed may be of interest to your readers.
One purchaser in New York told me that as many
as eighty-nine car-loads were received there on some
days. These refrigerator cars are much larger than
English cars, and hold about 400 crates, each crate
holding 32 lb. nett, which means over 1,000,000 lb.
of Strawberries.

The varieties mostly grown for market are Sharp-

108

THE GA FDEXEBS' CHI? ONIGL E.

[July 27, 1889.

less, Downing, and Wilson. The highest prices Consignments of big Water Melons from the

obtained for early fruits are 35 cents per quart, and Southern States ; Tine-apples, from the West Indies,

the lowest at any time 3 cents per quart. The sell for 15 cents to 25 cents apiece ; and early Peaches

earliest fruit comes from Florida and New Jersey, and Nectarines, from California, and great quantities

and the latest from Oswego, N.V. ; but the finest of Blackberries from all parts of the States are now

PLANT NOTES.
ALSTROMERIAS.

Of late years, these beautiful hardy herbaceous
plants seem to be suffering neglect, which is all the

rs^

/-€.-.

Fig, 17. — pot-vine for table decoration, grown by the latf. sir. sage, (see p. 109,)

mid-season fruit is from Delaware. 1'he berrie9 are
packed in square chip baskets, without lids ; these are
then placed, twelve to eighteen in a tier, in the
crates, three tiers high, each tier being divided from
those below and about it by a slip of wood. In this
way Strawberries will travel for thousands of miles
in perfect condition,

being received at New York and other populous
towns.

Primula obconica, a "plant now largely grown, is
discovered to be capable of producing an irritant
poison, and those who handle it are affected more or
less with blood-poisoning; and this fact seems likely
to be detrimental to its sale. Has this been noticed
in England ? H. A. B.

more surprising as, when once they are established
in a suitable position, very little further trouble is
required. Moreover, they are well adapted for cut-
ting, their stems, with terminal umbels of beautiful
coloured flowers, rendering them very effective for
furnishing tall flower-vases. But they are equally
useful when employed "for more lowly arrangements ;

JuLT

1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

109

indeed, the beautiful pencillings and colours of the
flowers are then better seen. They are exceedingly
varied in colour, ranging from orange-yellow, rose-
purple to dark, red, and even whitish, one of the best
whites being A. pelegrina alba ; but it is by no means
plentiful, nor so hardy as the white-edged form of
A. versicolor, the type of which is perhaps one of the
hardiest and most useful of the genus. A. psittacina,
crimson-greenish tipped, barred and spotted with
brown and purple; a free-growing and flowering
species of lighter colour and dwarfer habit is A. p.
Erembaulti, white, spotted with purple ; A. chilensis,
hamiantha, aurantiaca, and aurea, are amongst the
commonest and most useful ; but there are many other
species and varieties, all of which are well worth
growing. Possibly the craze for bedding-out plants
has had much to do with the elbowing of these
plants into partial obscurity; and we were agree-
ably surprised the other day, when visiting the
gardens at Burford Lodge, to find a large bed of them
that was one dense mass of flowers. They were
chiefly A. aurantiaca and A. versicolor, but there
were many other shades of colour represented, which
gave the bed a rich and pleasing effect.

Alstrumerias are of comparatively easy culture,
the greatest difficulty being to get them firmly
established, after which the less they are moved the
better. Seeds of most of the species are generally
procurable ; they should be sown in pans in light
sandy compost, under glass, in the usual way ; they
soon germinate, when they should be pricked out
thinly into small pots and plunged in a cold frame,
where they had better be grown for the first year,
and the next season, while still at rest, they should
be transferred to their flowering quarters. The soil
should be prepared by being trenched to at least a
depth of 2 feet. If it is heavy, add peat, leaf-mould,
or other similar material, to render it free, as their
fleshy roots delight in a free rich soil, which, above
all things, has been efficiently drained. Plant at a
moderate depth, and, if possible, in a sunny and
sheltered position. They may also be increased by
division of the roots. F. B.

t CUOSSANDBA UKDULtt'OLIA.

A distinct, dwarf, evergreen stove plant, producing
erect thickly set four-ranked spikes of brilliant
cinnabar-red flowers, in centripetal order, which
enables it to maintain its showy character for many
weeks.

To those not acquainted with the plant, I may men-
tion that the inflorescence in some measure resembles
Justicia, to which order of plants Crossandra belongs,
but the individual flowers are more flattened out,
showier, more lasting, and are altogether mnch supe-
rior to those of Justicia. Moreover, the plant rarely
exceeds a foot in height. The growth is by no
means of a rampant description, yet with ordinary
cultivation the plant grows and flowers freely. In
summer, after flowering, the plant should be short-
ened back below the flower-spikes, when, if kept
moist, it will soon push fresh growths ; it should
then be repotted, shaking away as much of the old
soil as can be done without injury, and using a rather
light but rich loamy compost. If the loam be
heavy add some peat, and in any case a good
sprinkling of bone-meal or other mild ferti-
liser, using nitrogenous manures in a liquid
state as the plant comes into flower. After
potting, keep somewhat closer, and syringe freely,
giving more air, as they become re-established, when,
by early winter, they should have nice short-jointed
firm shoots, with shiny dark-green leathery leaves.
During the winter months the plant is better kept
quiet in a temperature of about 55°, when, with the
natural increase in warmth, about April, the flower-
spikes will make their appearance, and keep opening
their flowers for the next three months. The plant
is easily propagated by cuttings in the usual
way, and after they are rooted, treating them
similar to the older plants. Large spikes can be
had from these young plants, but for general deco-
rative purposes we prefer plants more than a year
old. F. R.

MR. GEORGE SAGE.

We regret to have to record the death, on the 17th
inst., of Mr. G. Sage, a gardener very well known in
the profession some few years ago. lie was an excel-
lent all-round gardener, who acquired celebrity as a
cultivator in most departments of horticulture, at
Ashridge Park, Great Berkhamstead, the residence
of the Earl of Brownlow. And when at this place
he introduced the use of pot-vines in fruit for the
decoration of the dinner-table, and an illustration
taken from one of Mr. Sage's vines is reproduced at
p. 108.

After long service at this place, Mr. Sage was
removed to the other residence of the family, Belton
House, Lincolnshire, where he also undertook the
management of the gardens.

The deceased was born at Ilillingdon in Middlesex,
in the year 1824. He served successively as journey-
man and foreman at Belmont, Uxbridge Common ; in
the gardens of Mr. Smith, the banker at Lyxbridge, then
under Mr. Mills at Gunnersbury Park, where he ac-
quired considerable knowledge in all departments.
Pines, Cucumbers, and Mushrooms were especially

well done at that place. From this place he went to
Chatsworth, and, in 1854, to the Crystal Palace, as
foreman to the late Mr. G. Eyles. In 18">8 he
obtained the post at Ashridge, through the influence
of Sir Joseph Paxton. His portrait, which we
reproduce, appeared in our columns on January 8,
1 87t5 , together with a review of his life. We under-
stand that Mr. Sage's successor at Belton is Mr.
Emerton, who has been for some time foreman at
Ashridge under Mr. Lowe.

The Flower Garden.

Heubaceocs Plants. — The recent showers have
revived these plants marvellously; Phloxes, favourite
plants here, are now vigorous, where a few days ago
they were drooping ; and their flowers are opening
rapidly, and in order to avert another check from
drought, should the state of the weather demand it,
they will be afforded water at least once a week. It
may not be generally known that the flowering
season of Phloxes may be prolonged by pinching out
the points of some of the shoots, the pinching causing
the production of lateral growths, which flower long
after those not pinched, are over. Those desirous
of trying the plan should pinch, say half the shoots
on a plant, and allow the others to flower at once :

the bloom on the laterals following closely the early
bloom. My rule is to pinch only the strongest
shoots. The same treatment, when applied to Pent-
stemons and Antirrhinums, brings about like results.
Geums and Potentillas may be made to flower several
weeks later than their usual season if the first flower-
stems are removed in the same way, and for the same
reason that the blossoms are from Strawberry plants
when_ strong layers are desired, and my invariable
practice is to treat about half of our plants in this
manner. I have tried this plan with pertnnial Sun-
flowers and Veronicas, but with very indifferent
results, the flowers of the lateral shoots being insig-
nificant in size.

At this season, neglect to look over the borders for
a few days may prove harmful to many small plants
that are, so to speak, at the mercy of the strong
growers, such as Delphinium, Everlasting Peas,
Funkias, Spiraeas, and Helianthus, and all of these,
as soon as their flowering is past, should be tied
closely together, thereby making space for the Gla-
diolus, Lilies, Asters, Stocks, Phlox, Drummondii,
Mignonette, Zinnias, &c, all plants of first im-
portance for the autumn display. Having had a
quantity of Violas at replanting time which were
not wanted, they were planted in clumps at the front
of the bcrders, and here, aided by a large number of
seedling Carnations, they have kept up a gay ap-
pearance pending the flowering of Gladiolus,
Hyacinthus candicans, German Asters, Helianthus
(Michaelmas Daisies), and summer-flowering Chry-
santhemums.

Dahlias. — The reasons usually assigned for not
growing these in greater numbers in small gardens
is the lateness of their flowering, and the reason is
indisputable when applied to show and fancy Dahlias ;
but it is not true of the single varieties, and of some
few of the Cactus Dahlias. The singles have been
in good flower with me for a month past, and
some half-dozen kinds of the latter for about a
fortnight. The names of these are Constance,
white ; Mrs. Hawkin, cream colour ; Lord Lynd-
hurst, bright purple ; Lady E. Dyke, yellow ;
Juarezii, scarlet ; and Colchineal, bright scarlet.
They would have been in flower earlier, but for the
pinching out of the points of the shoots to induce a
bushy habit of growth. The singles, too, are all the
better for being once stopped, if it is intended to keep
them dwarf; I have many times pegged down young
shoots of single Dahlias, and just as often been suc-
cessful in keeping the plants dwarf, and the heads
more open, and, consequently a greater space for the
flower display. Next to mulching, the full exposure
of the flower-shoots to light and sunshine has the
best effect in producing fine blooms — hence the neces-
sity to cut out from time to time any small shoots
which are never likely to carry flowers, but which,
by crowding the better shoots, prevent their flower-
ing properly. Henew the mulching of rich manure,
which will save much of the labour of watering.

General Work. — Put in cuttings of Roses, Pinks,
and Carnations. Propagate all kinds of Pelar-
goniums of which cuttings can be taken ; these last
will strike readily if dibbled firmly in the soil of a
sunny border, and will be ready for potting-up early
in September. Cuttings of Phloxes, Pentstemons,
and Violas may also now be put in on a north
border, and put hand-lights or small frames over
them, to ensure a successful strike. W. Wildsmith,
Hcch-Jield, Winchficld.

Home Correspondence.

THE EVENING PRIMROSE.— How fine and showy
are the (Enotheras just now. The wonder is that
they are not more generally grown in gardens, as
they are the very plants for broad borders, in the
foreground of shrubs, imparting lightness and cheer-
ful colour to sombre portions of those places.
The largest and best of them have big bell or
cup-shaped flowers, of a beautifully 30ft yellow
colour, which spring from the shoots in great pro-
fusion during a long period of the late summer.
CE. biennis, the commonest of all CEnotheras, is the
best for planting in the places referred to, it growing
from 3 to 5 feet high, and forming quite a pyramid
of bloom. The variety known as the CIO. Lamarckiana
or grandiflora, is an improved form of it, and could
be preferred, but to keep a good strain pure it is
necessary to pull up or destroy all that in the least
seem to be of inferior quality as regards habit of

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Jclv 27, 1866.

growth and profusion of bloom, and good colour, as
among even a few, some are seen to be pale in colour
and small in bloom. For the wild garden, this
CEnothera is well suited, as there is no trouble
in keeping and growing it, for plants seed so
freelv and others come up annually, that all one has
to do is to thin them out, leaving as many to grow
as are wanted. Those who have not got CEnothera
biennis Lamarkiana, will find this a good time to
start with it, as now is the season for sowing the
seed and raising plants, which will flower next
year. The seed may be sown any where in fine soil,
in the open, or under a handlight, from whence
plants can be transferred and planted during the
autumn, or early spring, in places where they are
intended to bloom. Besides this biennial evening
Primrose, there are several perennial kinds, the
most noteworthy of which are CE. fruticosa, CE.
glauca, and CE. macrocarpa, all of which are well
worth growing in gardens. The first named of the
trio and its varieties grows about 2 feet high, and
bears a great profusion of yellow blossoms, which it
continues to yield till quite late in the season. CE.
macrocarpa bears large blooms on prostrate stems,
and the plant forms a fine object on any elevated
position. The perennial CEnotheras are best raised
or propagated by divisions, which is safely carried
out in the spring time when growth is beginning.
J.S.

THE PLAGUE OF CATERPILLARS.— In Worces-
tershire and the adjoining counties fruit and other
trees have suffered most severely by an unusual
attack of the caterpillars of the winter moth and its
allies, especially during the month of May, devour-
ing the leaves and blossoms as fast as they put forth.
Some entire orchards were nearly as devoid of
foliage at Midsummer as they would beat Christmas-
time. Oak trees and Hawthorn hedges in many
instances fared badly, for wherever an attack was
made every vestige of foliage was eaten up by the
invaders. An exceptional case which came under our
notice may be worth recording, the orchard being sin-
gularly free from the grubs, although surrounded by
other orchards abounding with them. It is rather more
than a year ago that an orchard, consisting mainly of
fine varieties of Apples, came under my charge. It
had been neglected for some years in the matter of
pruning, freeing from lichen, &c, and in order to
get rid of the latter the trees, after being judiciously
pruned, were, on a still, foggy day, early in March,
well dusted over in every part with quicklime, the
men climbing into the trees by means of ladders and
otherwise, in order to distribute the finely powdered
lime in every part of the head of the trees. It is to
this careful dressing with lime, undertaken for a
different object, that I am inclined to attribute the
immunity of this particular orchard from the attacks
of the caterpillars. It seems also to point to the
value of quicklime in destroying the eggs of these
caterpillars. At all events it is my intention to
proceed further, at the proper season, with this as
well as every other known means to preveni loss of
fruit by insects, these including the smearing of the
stems of standard trees in October and November
with composition of cart-grease, Stockholm tar, &c.
Possibly some of your numerous correspondents could
give me useful hints as to the best way to cope with
our various orchard enemies. W. Crump, Madresfield.
Court, July 18. See p. 04.

HARDY CARNATIONS. — In reference to "Mr.
A. D.'s" excellent note on the hardy Carnation,
p. 19, of a recent issue, the wonder to me is that
seedling Carnations are not morelargely grown ; they
are so useful for cutting, their colour so varied
and the perfume unequalled. One sometimes hears
the remark by good gardeners, how difficult a class of
plants they are to grow; but I would advise such to
have still another try, for they well repay attention
to their wants. At the present time, I have two beds
which are a perfect picture, the blooms, double and
single mixed, and of all colours. The seed was
sown last April twelvemonth ; and instead of keep-
ing them in a frame in the winter as "A. D." does,
I plant mine out where they are to remain. The
seed is sown in pans about the last week in March or

early in April, and as soon as the seedlings are large
enough to handle, they are pricked out 2 inches
apart in boxes, and kept growing in a frame for a few
weeks, and then are gradually hardened-off ; by the
end of June they are strong enough to plant out in
rows at 1 foot apart. By so proceeding, the seedlings
have time to make sturdy growth, and get well iuured
to stand the winter weather. In hard weather some
growers might find it advisable to slightly mulch them
with short manure, but in Hants this is not necessary.
For pot work, seedlings also do well pricked three in
small pots, and potted on into 48's or 32's, and taking
them in a cool house in October, they come into
bloom in spring. Carnation Grenadine and the early
flowered double are good for this purpose, and may
be obtained true from any good florist. W. Kirk,
Blaukmoor, Hants.

RUBUS OCCIDENTALS. — Four years ago some
seed was given me by a gentleman who received them
from a friend in Nova Scotia, under the name of
" black Raspberry." I succeeded in raising many
plants, and this year they have borne abundantly
and made excellent tartlets. The fruit is borne in
clusters, at the end of sprays, as you will see. The
growth is extraordinary. They have made already
upright shoots more than 12 feet. The fruit is from
last year's wood. It is plentiful, but small. The
appearance of the canes in the winter is very singu-
lar and beautiful. The small branches droop most
artistically, and the canes have a white appearance
as though whitewashed. They are worth cultivating
even on this account. Can you say if they are really
Raspberries or Brambles? The gentleman says his
friend (Mr. John M. Jones, Waterville, Nova Scotia),
is certain they are Raspberries. IVm. Hy. Bayers.
[Asa Gray classes it with Raspberries, but it is inter-
mediate between the two. Ed.]

NORTH AMERICAN COMPOSITES. — The large
Morth American Composites are unusually fine here,
as well as early, this season. I am sending three
specimens: — 1, Rudbeckia californica, flowers 7
inches across, and produced thirty at once, with
stalks 7 feet long ; 2, Silphium laciniatum, the Com-
pass plant, 8 feet high, with flowers 0 inches across,
and very ornamental leaves. The American name
of the plant was given, as Asa Gray says, because it
has a disposition to arrange the edges of the leaves
North and South : but it does not show this habit in
my garden. 3, Helenium autumnale var. grandi-
florum. Of many varieties of this plant, the flower
I send, belongs to by far the best I have seen ; some
of the forms being quite worthless. I bought it from
Ware's nursery many years ago, and found it corre-
spond to Asa Gray's description of var. grandiflorum,
though the size of the flowers far exceeds the dimen-
sions given by him, viz., " rays sometimes three-
quarters of an inch long." The flowers I send have
rays fully 1^ inch in length. C. Wo/ley Bod, Edye
Hall, Malpas, July 23. [Grand specimens. Ed.]

CLIANTHUS DAMPIERII.— That this soft-wooded
greenhouse climber is worthy of cultivation is gene-
rally acknowledged, and would be placed beyond all
doubt were any gardener to see the splendid speci-
men growing in the Peach-house at Indio, Bovey
Tracey, South Devon, the seat of Charles Aldenburg
Bentinck, Esq. I would not advise the planting
flowering climbers in fruit-houses, but when planted
against the end of the house, as at Indio, the singularly
shaped and brilliant scarlet flowers hanging in large
trusses, the plant has a splendid effect. Failure to
grow this plant satisfactorily is not rare, and even at
Kew they are not very successful. I remember,
whilst on the staff of gardeners in that establish-
ment, hearing an essay read by the deputy-foreman
in the greenhouse department, bearing on green-
house plants and climbers. In alluding to the
plant in question, he could not recommend it as a
good climber, making some very disparaging re-
marks respecting it. Mr. Hambly, the gardener at
Indio, believes that if the plant be put into loam of
good quality, leaf-mould, and coarse sand, and be
afforded an airy position in a house, and abundance
of light, success will be assured. W. H. Aycjett.

SUTTON'S "ROYAL JUBILEE" PEA.— In writing
about this excellent Pea, in the Gardeners' Chronicle
for August 18, 18S8, 1 said that Royal Jubilee Pea
was sure to be extensively cultivated, as it was suited
alike for the poor man's and the rich man's gardens.
Well, during the last week I have had conclusive
proof of the correctness of the opinion then pro-
nounced on the merits of the Pea under notice.
I have had to inspect the cottage gardens, allot-

ments, and garden fronts in twelve large parishes,
comprising the Longford Castle Cottage Garden
Show, and in nearly all those cottage gardens and
allotments I found Royal Jubilee in first-rate con-
dition, the haulms being strong, free from mildew,
and heavily cropped with large handsome pods ; this,
too, in a variety of soils and situations. The end of
the present month, when produce from the several
gardens will be staged in the exhibition tents, I
hope to see several good dishes of this grand Pea put
up for competition for the Society's prizes. H. W.
Ward, Longford Castle.

CORDON CURRANTS. — An Ealing resident, who
takes a great interest in his garden, has a fancy for
red and white Currant trees, trained as perpendicular
cordons, and he has some remarkable specimens ; in
a few cases they are 14 and 15 feet high. He is such
a genuinely enthusiastic gaidener, and takes so much
pride in his garden, that I do not like to term him
a " faddist," but he does make a hobby of his
cordon Currants, and rides it hard. ■ Every season
he allows a leading shoot, continuous of the one of
the previous year, to go upwards, and the cordons
then lengthen annually by 2 feet or so, and they
fruit all the way up to the point where the shoot of
the current year commences. As a matter of course,
all the lateral shoots are spurred back. How lie is
to gather his fruit in the future passes my compre-
hension. It is now a matter of considerable diffi-
culty, but my ingenious neighbour will probably
overcome this difficulty in course of time. if. D.

CHRYSANTHEMUM MAXIMUM.— With respect to
a complaint about the raggedness of the rays of
Chrysanthemum maximum, I may say that when in
London a month ago I saw it both at Ware's and at
Barr's (Tooting), producing mostly ragged and ill-
shaped flowers. The plants there were supplied by
me from the very same stock, which in my garden is
one of the greatest attractions to visitors. The rays
aie very uneven in length, but they are generally a
two, and, in some cases, three series — that is to say,
in parts of the flowers three rays are overlapped or
imbricated. In this way the irregularity of outline
is to me more pleasing than the strict regularity of
such composites as Odontospermum maritimum and
Pyrethrum Willemotti. The multiplication of rays
may be due to suitable soil ; and, no doubt, gravelly,
hungry soil would tend to diminish the fulness of
the flower. I see De Candolle (Prodromus, vol. vi.)
mentions only one spot on the Pyrenees as a locality
for this flower — viz., a high elevation near Gareges.
Nyman, a good collator, mentions, besides Pyrenees,
Dauphiny, Piedmont, and Corsica. Ware told me
he had it from Portugal. C. Wolley Bod.

A NEW DESIGNATION.— The Ultra! Australian,
published in Sydney, in an article commendatory of
the new Lord Keeper Onion, terms Mr. Henry
Deverill, of Banbury, " a noted Onionist." We thus
get a new term in horticultural matters, and it will
doubtless lead to others. Thus, the Rev. F. D.
Horner, is an Auriculist; Mr. E. S. Dodwell, a Car-
nationist ; Mr. John Laing, a Begoniaist ; Mr.
Samuel Barlow, a Tulipist, and so on. And why
not? The termination ist is used to designate
political parties. Why not specialists in horti-
culture ? if. B.

HIGH MOULDING.— As far as I understand Mr.
Jensen's mode of growing Potatos, it is very much
the same a9 what I have known and practised for
more than thirty years. Mr. Belton, who was for
many years gardener and steward at Nostell Priory
(Lord St. Oswald's), devised it for the purpose of
preventing the disease, which it does very effectually.
The rows are made a yard apart, and the plants are
set a yard apart in the rows. They are earthed-up
in the usual way. When the haulm is about a foot
long, it is bent down into the trenches at each side,
and the earth of the rows between the plants is
heaped up into a mound upon the top of the plants.
Potatos grown thus are not only free from disease
but they usually produce a larger crop than if grown
in the old-fashioned way. There has been so little
disease lately, and the stick-in-the-mud principle is
so desperately strong in the mind of the British
agriculturist, that my people have got back to their
old ways ; but I have not the least doubt as to the
superior merits of growing them in heaps. The only
objection I ever heard made to it was, that the
Potatos grew too large. Mr. Belton came originally
from the Royal Horticultural Society's garden at
Chiswick. C. W. Strickland, Malton,

July 2?, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

Societies.

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL.

July 23.— Last Tuesday's meeting was devoted
chiefly to the exhibits of the National Carnation
Society, which were both numerous and of high
quality. The committees had no very heavy duties
to perform, and Orchids were very few. Before the
Fruit Committee, Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons' collec-
tion of Gooseberries, &c, was the chief object.

At the afternoon meeting, Dr. R. Hogg, F.L.S.,
occupied the chair, and Mr. Shirley Hibberd gave
an instructive address on the subject of the Carna-
tion. In the course of his remarks, Mr. Hibberd
reviewed the progress of the Carnation in cultivation,
by references to illustrations in various old horticul-
tural and botanical books, and pointed out that as a
matter of fact, there was but little development in
the flakes, whereas in Picotees the colour had been
gradually reduced from spotting of the petals to a
band on the margin.

Attention was called to the fact that the prize
varieties of some sixty years ago are not to be met
with at the present time, and it was argued that the
Carnation of the florist was a pure flower — a culti-
vated form of Dianthus caryophyllus — without the
admixture of any other species, and that we owe its
present-day beauty to the skill of the gardener and
florist rather than to any act of Nature. The lecture
in full will appear in the Journal of the Society,

Floral Committee.

Present : Mr. Shirley Hibberd, in the chair ; and
Messrs. J. Fraser, W. Holmes, G. Nicholson, H.
Herbst, G. Paul, R. B. Lowe, B. Wynne, W. Gold-
ring, and F. Ross.

Mr. W. Rumsey contributed a collection of cut
Roses, numbering eight boxes of bright blooms, of
moderate dimensions, they were not of first quality,
but that was not to be expected at this late season; pots
of Adiantum placed between the boxes, gave a good
effect. The blooms shown were of the popular varieties,
as Ulrich Brunner, Prince Arthur, Alfred Colomb,
Niphetos, &c, not forgetting blooms of The Bride.

Mr. H. B. May, The Nurseries, Upper Edmonton,
N., sent a new Bouvardia, named Mrs. Robert
Green, which bears good heads of fairly large
flowers of a salmony-rose tint ; from the same exhi-
bitor was a bouquet of various Bouvardias, a capital
selection of good varieties — as follows : Presi-
dent Cleveland stood out well as a rich scarlet ;
Vulcan, somewhat similar, but smaller ; and Elegans,
of a dull hue ; Humboldt, the large scented white,
was conspicuous ; and jasminoides and candidissima
were also included, the latter having the recom-
mendation of being of dwarf habit. The new Mrs.
Green and Priory Beauty are pink varieties ; and
of doubles, President Garfield, pink, and Alfred
Neuner, white, completed the whole.

A collection of hardy herbaceous flowers was
staged by Messrs. Paul & Son, Old Nurseries,
Cheshunt, in which were included examples of Mont-
bretia Pottsi, Liatris spicata, Eryngium giganteum,
E. flavum, Rudbeckia purpurea, Polemonium Rich-
ardsoni, Hemerocallis Thunbergi, and others. A
plant of Spiram gigantea, from the same firm,
attracted considerable notice ; it was 8 feet in height,
with a single stem, bearing a tuft of white flowers
at the top. A few Roses (H.P.) were also contributed,
being represented by Bruce Findilay, a very dark
crimson; Cheshunt Scarlet, T. B. Haywood, and
Dowager Duchess of Marlborough, delicate rose.

A number of plants of a vigorous and well-grown
form of Cyrtomium falcatum W. G. Fensom were
sent by Mr. G. Fensom, Tottenham, who also had a
plant of a dwarf golden-leaved variety of Chrysanthe-
mum frutescens ; it was not very pleasing, the golden
tint being somewhat weak and undecided. Mr. G-.
R. Johnson, Tottenham, had a plant of Obrysanthe-
. mum Leonie Lassali, very dwarf, with three flowers.
Blooms of seedlings of Lilium auratum, with
beautiful combinations of rose and yellow on a white
ground, were sent by Mr. A. Waterer, Knap Hill
Nurseries, Woking.

From Mr. W. Colman, Swiss Cottage, Tunbridge
Wells, came a plant of Pteris serrulata plumosa, the
frond appears to split at the tip, and to continue its
growth, falling down gracefully, and hiding the pot
with tassels of verdure ; it would doubtless make a
valuable table plant.

A collection of cut blooms of decorative Dahlias
was sent by Messrs. J. Cheal & Son, Crawley —
James Scobie (single), yellow, with scarlet splash-

ings, was a conspicuous variety ; the pale mauve and
brown Duchess of Albany ; Victoria, white, with
margins of crimson ; Henry Irving, J. Kelway, and
others were also shown. Of several blooms of the
Cactus section, Panthea, Zulu, and Wm. Pearce, were
noticed ; also a new unnamed seedling, bright, full
crimson.

An interesting group came from the Coombe
Wood nursery of Messrs. Veitch & Sons ; this con-
sisted of Ulraus Dampieri, of erect habit, bright
yellow foliage, young and old leaves being equally
well variegated ; Abies canadensis argentea, a Hem-
lock [Spruce, the tips of whose branchlets were of .
whitish-green — a distinct-looking plant ; Retinos-
pora pisifera aurea, good variegation ; Astilbe Thun-
bergii, with white plumes ; Sambucus racemosa,
with scarlet berries in clusters ; Spiraea callosa atro-
sanguinea, a variety of merit ; Ceanothus azureus
albicans, densely flowered shoots, whitish flowers ;
some well-bloomed branches of Colletia horrida ;
leaves and shoots of the fine American Oak, Quercus
macrophylla, grand when seen in its autumn
tints of rich browns ; Clematis coccinea, scarlet ;
and C. crispa, with lilac flower ; Cornus siberica
Spiithi, with distinct yellow variegation, the
central portion of the leaf green ; Cytissus nigricans,
with slender racemes of yellow blossoms ; Veronica
angustifolia, pale lilac spike -i inches long ; V.
ligustrifolia, with a white spike; Philesia buxifolia,
bearing nicely flowered shoots ; and Asclepias in-
carnata flowers.

Messrs. J. Veitch exhibited some Petunias of
good habit, and also a few hybrid greenhouse Rho-
dodendrons.

AV. Roupell, Esq., Roupell Park, showed four spe-
cimens, very well grown, of Polystichum angulare
proliferum, in which almost all the lower fronds
showed abundant prolification ; also some young
plants of the same. These had all been grown in a
Tomato-house, and in the neighbourhood of a damp
wall, and very slightly shaded, so that the prolitied
state of the fronds was not due to excessive
moisture.

Mr. Ross sent, from the gardens of Pendell Court,
flowering branches of Bignonia cherere and Tecoma
jasminoides ; and from Air. Wythes, Sion House
Gardens, Brentford, were well-flowered specimens of
Clethra arborea, with its elegant Lily-of-the- Valley-
like flowers, and a flower of Cereus hexagonus.

An Amaryllis from Bermuda, dark red with a
white nerve, and flowering shoots of the white
Borage were sent by Messrs. J. Carter & Co. ; and
from Mr. Eckford, Boreatton Park, Shrewsbury, were
Pansies and flowers of Sweet Peas ; Primrose, pale
yellow; Mrs. Gladstone, pink on white; Captain of
the Blues, rich blue ; and Mauve Queen, slate blue,
were good. Mr. T. Laxton, Bedford, also sent Sweet
Pea3.

Cut blooms of Begonias, both double and single,
in rich colour, and of fine size, were sent by Messrs.
II. Cannell & Sons, Swanley, Kent. Plants of these in
pots from seed sown last January were shown in flower,
bearing four or five leaves, and two good blooms. A
few trusses of Verbenas from the same firm were
worthy of note : — Burns, rich scarlet, with a small
white eye ; F. Delaux, scarlet, with a white eye ;
Purple Queen, rich violet-purple; Ball of Fire,
scarlet ; Clemens Grohe, scarlet flakes on white ;
and Paragon, plum-colour, offer a good variety of
these useful plants.

Orchid Committee.

Present : Dr. M. T. Masters, F.R.S., in the Chair ;
and Messrs. J. O'Brien, F. Moore, E. Hill, C. Pit-
cher, H. M. Pollett, J. Douglas, II. Ballantyne, ami
H. J. Veitch.

The labours of this committee were not arduous.

From Sir Trevor Lawrence's collection at Burford
Lodge, Dorking, there were sent a fine piece of
Cattleya Eldorado Wallisi, entirely white, with a dark
yellow throat ; also an elegant variety of the same
species named Painted Lady, in which there is a
small blotch of crimson-purple in the centre of the
median lobe, fading off all round, the rest of the
flower being white. Dendrobium revolutum was
represented by a well-grown piece, and a large pan
of Maxillaria fuscata was also sent ; it has flowers of
a ding}- red-brown colour, with yellowish tips to the
segments, the three outer of which are somewhat
expanded, the others closing up round the column.

A variety of Cattleya Eldorado, which displayed a
very pleasing combination of colours, was sent by
H. M. Pollett, Esq., Fernside, Bickley ; it was named
albo-splendens, and was white in all parts but the
lip, which was richly coloured with crimson-purple,

with the yellow of the throat very noticeable, the
two colours being separated by a line of white, which
tended to throw up both of the other colours ;
another pleasing feature was a narrow edging of the
purple colour running all round the expanded portion
of the lip. Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons sent Sobralia
xantholeuca alba, a very pale primrose.

Fruit Committee.

Present; Sir C. W. Strickland, Bart., in the
chair ; and Messrs. R. D. Blackmore, J. Cheal, W.
Bates, G. Bunyard, A. H. Pearson, W. Warren, T.
J. Saltmarsh, G. Wythes, H. Balderson, Harrison
Weir, and J. Wright.

Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons exhibited 112 varieties
of Gooseberries, and a few of summer Apples and
Pears. The collection consisted of all the best
dessert, and largest show berries. Alongside of
these were stems of cordons of Gooseberries, literally
loaded with the fruits. A few dishes of Black Cur-
rants were likewise shown ; Lee's Black and Naples
being by far the best.

Messrs. Paul and Son, Old Nurseries, Cheshunt,
showed forty-four dishes of Gooseberries, mostly
large varieties ; the Hornet Kaspberry, of dark
crimson colour, and fair flavour came from the same
place.

Messrs. Sutton & Sons, Reading, had a collection
of Capsicums, including the recent novelty, Coral
Red, which was certificated at the last meeting at
Chiswick, others were such varieties as Red and
Yellow, Tomato-shaped, Mammoth Long Yellow,
Red Cherry, &c.

Messrs. G. Bunyard & Co., Maidstone, showed a
few early Apples, a few of Red Astrachan from under
glass having a pleasant appearance.

Mr. Allan, gr., Gunton Park, Norwich, showed
Allan's Favourite Cucumber, raised from Telegraph
and Blue Gown, and, as might be supposed, the
fruits were very fine ones, smooth, long, and ribbed.

Mr. H. Marriott, Prospect House, Skirbeck, had a
very fine Pea in Pride of Lincolnshire — large curved
pods, of a dark green colour, filled with large Marrow
Peas.

Awards were made as follows : —

By the Floeal Committee.
First-class Certificates.

Cyrtomium falcatum Fensomi [Fensom's variety],
from Mr. G. Fensom.

Spirrea gigantea, from Messrs. Paul & Son.

Cornus sibirica Spathi [Spiith's variety], from
Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons.

Bouvardia Mrs. Robert Green, from Mr. H. B.
May.

Bignonia cherere, from Mr. Ross.

Pteris serrulata plumosa, from W. Coleman.

Award of Merit.
Sweet Peas (Swain), from Mr. H. Eckford. .

Medals.
Bronze Banksian, to Mr. W. Rumsey, for cut
Roses ; to Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, for group of
plants.

By the Orchid Committee.
First-class Certificate.
Sobralia xantholeuca yar. alba, from Messrs. J.
Veitch & Sons. Unanimous.

Botanical Certificates.
Maxillaria fuscata, from Sir T. Lawrence, Bart.,
M.P. Unanimous.

Dendrobium revolutum, from Sir T. Lawrence,
Bart., M.P. Unanimous.

By the Fruit Committee.
Award of Merit.
Cucumber Allan's Favourite, from Mr. Allan.

Medals.
Silver Banksian to Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, for
collection of Gooseberries, &c.

Bronze Banksian to Messrs. Paul & Son, for
collection of Gooseberries ; to Messrs. Sutton & Sons,
for collection of Capsicums.

National Carnation and Picotee
(Southern Section).

The annual exhibition took place at the Drill
Hall, in connection with the meeting of the Koyal
Horticultural Society, on Tuesday, July 2.'!, and
proved one of the best displays seen for years past.
Every class was well filled ; the general quality was
decidedly good, despite a season that was not alto-
gether friendly to the cultivator. Many of the

112

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Jblt 27, 1889.

blooms were brilliantly coloured, but the white
ground colour of not a few lacked purity. The
flowers were of large size, and it would appear as if
the force of the plants went to the piling up of petals
in the flowers, as there is a general complaint of lack
of grass. On the whole, the Society can congratu-
late itself upon substantial progress, as the number
of exhibitors has considerably increased, thus mani-
festing a healthy growth of regard for the Carna-
tion.

Carnations : Cut Blooms. — In the class for twenty-
four blooms of Carnations, not fewer than twelve dissi-
milar varieties, Mr. Charles Turner, Koyal Nurseries,
Slough, was placed 1st, with a tine lot of flowers,
large and smooth, of full substance, and brightly
coloured, consisting of scarlet bizarres, Mars, James
Mcintosh, Robert Lord, Robert Houlgrave, and
George ; crimson and pink bizarres, Mrs. Daniels,
James Taylor, Mrs. Barlow, Rifleman, and Unex-
pected ; scarlet flakes, Charles Turner and John
Ball ; purple flakes, Prince George of Wales (a fine
variety,' raised by Mr. Beardsley, of Nottingham), and
James Douglas ; rose flakes, Thalia, Sporting Lass,
and Samuel Newman — some of the foregoing being
shown in duplicate ; 2nd, Mr. J. Douglas, gr. to
Mrs. Whitbourn, Great Gearies, Ilford, with S.B.'s
Arthur Medhurst, Robert Lord, and Robert Houl-
grave ; C.B.'s Lallah Rookh, sport from Tim Bobbin,
and Miss Gorton; S.F. Alisemond (very fine), and
Matador; P.F. Warrior, James Douglas, Squire
Whitbourn, and Daphne ; R.F. Rob Roy and Jessica ;
3rd, Mr. M. Rowan, Manor Street, Clapham ; 4th,
Mr. R. Sydenham, Birmingham.

In the class for twelve blooms there were eight
competitors. Mr. M. Rowan was 1st, with a finely-
finished lot of blooms, consisting of S.B.'s Fred and
Robert Houlgrave ; C.B.'s Edward Rowan, Master
Fred, and William Skirving; S.F.'s John Whitham
and Sportsman, R.F.'s Seedling, Rob Roy, and Jes-
sica; and P.F.'s James Douglas and George Mel-
ville; 3rd, Mr. J. Lakin, Temple Cowley, Oxford;
4th, Mr. W. L. Walker, Reading.

In the class for six blooms there were ten com-
petitors, and here Mr. C. rhillips, Hamilton Road,
Reading, was 1st, having fine and striking blooms of
S.B. Robert Houlgrave, C.B. John Harland, P.P.B.
Rifleman, P.F. James Douglas, S.F. Alisemond,
R.F. Rob Roy; 2nd, Mr. T. E. Henwood, Hamilton
Road, Reading, with S.B. Robert Houlgrave, C.B.
John Harland, P.P.B. Harrison Weir, P.F. James
Douglas, S.F. Alisemond, R.F. Rob Roy; 3rd, Mr.
H. Startup, Bromlev, Kent; 4th, Mr. T. Anstiss,
Brill, Bucks.

Single Blooms. — In the classes for single blooms, a
large number were staged, and the following awards
were made: — S.B.'s: 1st, Mr. T. E. Henwood; 2nd,
Mr. James Douglas ; 3rd, Mr. C. Phillips, all with
Robert Houlgrave ; Mr. Samuel Barlow's fine S.B.,
for this time, at least, quite displacing Admiral
Curzon, scarcely a flower of this variety being seen ;
4th, Mr. C. Phillips, with Robert Lord; 5th, Mr.
C. Turner, with James Mcintosh.

C.B.'s : 1st, Mr. M. Rowan, with Master Fred ;
2nd, Mr. J. Douglas, with John Harland ; 3rd, Mr.
C. Turner, with Rifleman ; 4th, Mr. C. Phillips, with
John Harland ; 5th, Mr. M. Rowan, with J. D.
Hextall.

P.P.B.'s : 1st, Mr. J. Lakin, with Miss Annie
Lakin, very promising, fine in colour, and well
formed in petal ; 2nd, Mr.' C. Turner, with James
Taylor ; 3rd, Mr. M. Rowan, with William Skirving ;
4th, Mr. C. Phillips, with the same ; 5th, Mr. II. W.
Headland, Leyton, with Miss Gorton.

P.F.'s : 1st, Mr. C. Turner, with Prince George of
Wales, and 2nd also ; 3rd, Mr. T. Hooper, Bath, with
seedling Mayor of Bath, and 4th, with the same ;
5th, Mr. W. J. Nicholls, with Squire Whitbourn.

S.F.'s : 1st and 3rd, Mr. J. Douglas, with
Alisemond ; 2nd, Mr. R. Sydenham, with Sportsman ;
4th, Mr. C. Phillips, with Sportsman, and 5th, with
Matador.

R.F.'s: 1st, Mr. J. Douglas, with Thalia; and
3rd, with the same ; 2nd and 5th, Mr. T. Hooper,
with George Cooling ; 4th, Mr. T. E. Henwood, with
Thalia.

Premier Carnation. — Robert Houlgrave S.B., shown
by Mr. C. Turner, in his stand of twenty-four varie-
ties.

Pkotees.— Picotees were shown in finer condition
than the Carnations, the grounds pure, and the
markings bright. Here Mr. J. Douglas was placed
1st, with twenty-four blooms, though there was
much difference of opinion as to the appropriate-
ness of the award, some of his flowers being small
and thin. Mr. Douglas had, of Heavy Red Edges,
Princess of Wales, Brunnette, and John Smith ;

Light Red Edges, Mrs. Bower and Mrs. Gorton ;
Heavy Purple Edges, Calypso and Mrs. Chancellor ;
Light Purple Edges, Jessie, Her Majesty, Clara
Penson, Pride of Leyton, and Muriel ; Heavy Rose
Edges, Mrs. Sharp and Mrs. Payne ; Light Rose
Edged, Favourite. 2nd, Mr. C. Turner, with a very
fine lot of blooms, though apparently with some
sameness of character. He had, of Heavy Red Edges,
Dr. Epps, J. B. Bryant, and Exhibition ; Light Red,
Mrs. Bower and Thomas William ; Heavy Purple,
Zerlina and Muriel ; Light Purple, Mrs. Nicholay ;
Heavy Rose, Edith D'Ombrain, Duchess and John
Archer ; Light Rose, Favourite and Mrs. Payne.
3rd, Mr. M. Rowan ; 4th, Mr. F. Hooper. There
were six competitors in this class.

In the class for twelve blooms, there were nine
competitors, and here Mr. M. Rowan was 1st, with
a very fine lot of blooms indeed, consisting of
H. Red E. Brunnette, L. Red E. Mrs. Gorton,
H.P.E. Muriel and Amy Robsart, L.P.E. Clara
Penson, II. Rose E. Mrs. Sharpe, Edith D'Ombrain,
and Mrs. Payne ; L. Rose E. Nellie and Favourite ;
2nd, Mr. T. E. Henwood, with H. Red E. Brunette ;
L. Red E. Thomas William, H.P.E. Mrs. Niven and
Muriel, L.P.E. Juliette, Ann Lord, and Baroness
Burdett Coutts ; H. Rose E. Royal Visit, Mrs. Sharp,
Mrs. Payne, and Lady Louisa ; L. Rose E. Favourite ;
3rd, Mr. J. Douglas; 4th, Mr. J. Lakin.

In the class for six blooms there were eight col-
lections, and here Mr. 0. Phillips, Reading, was 1st,
with some very fine flowers, viz., II. Red E. John
Smith, H.P.E. Zerlina, L.P.E. Ann Lord, H. Rose E.
Mrs. Ricardo and Mrs. Payne, L. Rose E. Favourite ;
2nd, Mr. W. L. Walker, Bulmershe Road, Reading,
with 11. Red E. Princess of Wales, L. Red E.
Baroness Burdett Coutts, H.P.E. Mrs. Chancellor,
H. Rose E. Mr. Sharp and Fanny Helen, L. Rose E.
Seedling ; 3rd, Mr. J. Rebbick, Southampton ; 4th,
Mr. J. J. Keen.

Single Blooms. — Here also a large number of
flowers were shown. H. Red E. : Mr. J. Douglas
was 1st and 2nd with Brunnette ; 3rd and 4th, Mr.
C. Turner, with Princess of Wales ; 5th, Mr. T. E.
Henwood, with Brunnette.

L. Red E. : 1st, Mr. J. Douglas, with Mrs. Gorton ;
2nd, Mr. Rowan, with the same ; 3rd, Mr. C. Phillips,
with Thomas William ; and 4th, with the same ; 5th,
Mr. J. Douglas, with Mrs. Gorton.

H.P.E. : 1st, Mr. T. E. Henwood, with Mrs. Niven ;
2nd, Mr. C. Turner, with Mrs. Chancellor ; 3rd, Mr.
J. Douglas, with Calypso ; 4tb, Mr. J. Lakin, with
seedling.

L.P.E. : Mr. J. Lakin has 1st, with Miss Lakin, a
pretty, finished flower, quite distinct ; Mr. C. Turner,
being 2nd, with Baroness Burdett Coutts; 3rd, Mr.
Henwood, with a seedling (Lakin) ; 4th Mr. H. W.
Headland, with Pride of Leyton.

H. Rose E. : 1st, Mr. C. Turner, and 2nd, Mr. J.
Douglas, with Mrs. Payne ; Mr. Douglas being 3rd,
with Mrs. Sharpe ; and Mr. C. Turner 4th, with Edith
D'Ombrain.

L. Rose E. : Favourite, staged by Messrs. Hen-
wood, Turner, and Douglas, took the 1st, 2nd, and
■tth prizes ; Nellie, shown by Mr. Rowan, being 3rd.

The best yellow ground was Remembrance, from
Mr. J. Douglas, and he was 2nd, with the same ;
Mr. C. Turner being 3rd and 4th, with Agnes
Chambers.

PremierPicotec. — The premier Picotee was L. RedE.
Mrs. Payne, shown by Mr. C. Turner.

Self's and Fancies. — Some remarkably fine and
striking flowers were shown in the classes for these.
Mr. C. Turner was 1st, with splendid blooms, chief
among them being Fred, maroon ; Purple Emperor,
purple ; Dazzle, scarlet ; Mrs. Payne, rose ; Vis-
countess Downe, rose celestial ; and Constance,
pink ; Germania and Win. Harding, yellow ; Comte
de Chambord, and Lady Rose Molyneux, white. 2nd,
Mr. J. Douglas, with fine unnamed blooms. 3rd,
Mr. T. Hooper, Bath. There were fourteen stands
of twelve blooms — Mr. T. E. Henwood, being 1st,
with a superb lot, consisting of Black Knight, Joe
Willett, Gladys, Colonial Beauty, Purple Emperor,
Mrs. Rowan yellow self ; Rose Celestial, Ada, Rob
Roy, Sir F. Roberts, and Marchioness. Mr. M.
Rowan was a good 2nd, having Florizel, Edith,
Celia, Governor, Wm. Harding, Imperator, Joe
Willett, Mr. R. Hole, and Mr. George. 3rd, Mr. R.
Sydenham.

lellow Grounds. — These were shown in superb cha-
racter, Mr. C. Turner being placed 1st, with twelve
remarkably fine flowers, consisting of Colonial
Beauty, Almira, Dorothy, Agnes Chambers, and
seedlings. Mr. J. Douglas was 2nd with Remem-
brance, Mrs. F. Whitbourn, Undine, Mrs. Walford,
Ceres, Celia, Agnes Chambers, and seedlings. 3rd,

Mr. T. Hooper, whose stand included a very fine
yellow named Duchess of Albany. The class for
six blooms was unfortunately overlooked, but the
stands were numerous, and the flowers very good
also.

Plants iii Pots. — On this occasion several collec-
tions competed, Mr. C. Turner being placed 1st,
with admirably grown and flowered plants, the
yellow grounds being especially distinguishable —
they were Dorothy Favourite, Colonial Beauty,
Almira, Dazzle, Viscountess Douro, Terra-Cotta,
Germania, Dr. Epps, Agnes Chambers, Rose Celes-
tial, and Beauty of Chatham. 2nd, Mr. J. Douglas,
with Mr. Sharp, Apollo, Victory, Favourite, Adonis,
Mrs. Walford, Romulus, Irene, Terra-Cotta, Sybella,
and Ruby. 3rd, Mr. H. W. Headland, Leyton.

Certificates of Merit were awarded to Remem-
brance, deep yellow Picotee, edged with pink ; Ruby,
a rich ruby self ; and II. Rose E. Picotee, Calypso,
distinct in colour, fine petal, and full substance ; and
to L. Red E. Picotee Souvenir de Headland, pure
white ground, with good edge of bright red, from
Mr. H. W. Headland.

Of miscellaneous exhibits, Messrs. Veitch & Sous,
Chelsea, had three boxes of fine blooms, represent-
ing the various sections ; Messrs. Paul & Son, Ches-
hunt, several boxes of blooms set up with their own
foliage ; Mr. W. Rumsey, Waltham Cross, bqxes
of Carnations ; and Messrs. Dicksons (Limited),
Chester, blooms of Mrs. Reynolds Hole.

NATIONAL ROSE.

Sheii ield, July 18. — In fine weather, and with
all the accompaniments that fine weather brings
with it, a goodly company, and financial suc-
cess, the National Rose Society held their grand
provincial show for the year for the third
time at Sheffield ; the sun was bright, but it was
tempered by a cool northerly wind, which made the
perfection of weather for the staying powers of the
Koses, and this was more especially grateful, for the
Pavilion in the Sheffield Botanical Gardens, where
the exhibition was held, is a low-roofed glass build-
ing, and had the day been such a one as that on
which the show was held at the Crystal Palace, the
Uoses would have suffered immensely ; as it was,
they kept their freshness well throughout the
day.

As in so many exhibitions this year, exhibitors
have experienced sad disappointment owing to the
earliness of the season — this has especially told on
the Southern growers — and so it happened that the
great Rose-growing firms of Ben. R. Cant, Cranston
& Co., and Frank Cant, were unrepresented at
Sheffield ; while from the same cause many of our
southern amateurs who make a point of attending
the provincial show were unable to attend. The beau-
tiful Tea Roses that East Anglia generally sends
were absent, and thus, altogether, there was a defi-
ciency as regards the number of the blooms staged ;
at the same time, there was no falling off in the
quality of the flowers. There were some grand
flowers shown both by professional and amateur
growers, and that favourite class, Teas and Noi-
settes, was well represented ; while a good deal
of interest was excited by the appearance of the
Irish firm of Dickson & Sons, Newtownards.

Instead of giving a regular and detailed list of the
flowers shown, it may be as well to give simply the
names in a few stands in the principal classes in both
divisions. Thus, in the Challenge or Jubilee class,
Messrs. Harkness & Sons were again victorious. They
thus have held it for three years consecutively, and
have again had the proud distinction of carrying off
the Challenge Trophy in both North and South.
Their blooms were Ulrich Brunner, Duchess of Bed-
ford, May Quennell, Prince Arthur, Madame Eugene
Verdier, Dupuy Jamain, Duchesse de Moray,
Madame Hausmann, Countess of Rosebery, Auguste
Rigotard, Alfred Dumesnil, Charles Darwin, Marie
Baumann, Baroness Rothschild, Princess of Wales,
Horace Vernet, The Bride, Sir Rowland Hill,
Mad. V. Verdier, Lord Frederick Cavendish, Sena-
teur Vaisse, Dr. Sewell, Niphetos, A. K. Williams,
Princess Beatrice, Dr. Andry, Mdlle. Susanne Rade-
conaki, Alfred Colomb, Souvenir d'un Ami, Due de
Wellington, Innocente Pirola, Pierre Notting, Mer-
veille de Lyon, Beauty of Waltham, Silver Queen,
and Duke of Edinburgh ; in this class, Messrs. Mack
& Son were 2nd ; and Messrs. A. Dickson & Son, 3rd.

In the class for seventy-two, there was a very close
contest between Messrs. Harkness & Sons and Messrs.
Paul & Son, and it- was decided in favour of the
former firm ; they had, amongst their flowers, some

July 27, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

113

Tery excellent blooms, although it seldom happens
that a stand of this nnmber can be set up without
there being no weak points ; there were, however, but
very few indifferent flowers in the following stand,
which secured the 1st prize for the Yorkshire firm —
A. K. Williams, Merveille de Lyon, Marie Bau-
mann, Duchesse de Moray, Prince Arthur, Souvenir
d'Elise Vardon, Alfred Dumesnil, Constantine
Tretiakoff, Captain Christy, Duchess of Bedford,
Silver Queen, Ulrich Brunner, Comtesse deNadailUc,
Countess of Rosebery, Souvenir de Paul Neyron, Duke
of Teck, Fisher Holmes, Marie Cointet, Earl of
Pembroke, Duchesse de Vallarnbrosa, Charles Darwin,
Grace Darling, Mrs. Jowitt, Marguerite de St. Amand,
Due de Wellington, Reine du Monde, Harrison Weir,
Heinrich Schultheis, E. Y. Teas, Comtesse d'Oxford,
Duke of Edinburgh, Due de Montpensier, Francois
Michelon, Marechal Vaillaut, Catherine Mermet,
Beauty of Waltham, Reynolds Hole, Caroline Kuster,
Madame Susanne Radeconaki, Dupuy Jamain,
Innocente Pirola, J. S. Mill, The Bride, Emilie
Hausburg, Therese Levet, Comtesse de Serenye,
Marie Rady, E. Verdier, Madame Charles Wood,
Madame Chierot, Xavier Olibo, Marie Verdier,
Alphonse Soupert, Pride of Waltham, Mrs. George
Dickson, Gloire de Bourg la Reine, Perle des
Jardins, Duchesse de Caylus, La France, Horace
Vernet, Lady Mary Fitzwilliam, Alfred Colomb,
Rosieriste Jacobs, Madame Willermoz, Antoine
Ducher, Princess of Wales, Dr. Andry, Jean Ducher,
Etienne Levet, and Louis Van Houtte.

In Division B., Messrs. Jeffries & Son, of Ciren-
cester, were very successful, and secured 1st prizes
in the class for thirty-six and eighteen trebles.

In the amateurs' class the Jubilee Challenge Cup
was awarded to the Rev. J. H. Pemberton, of
Havering-atte-Bowe, with an excellent box of
blooms, containing Victor Hugo ; this bloom
secured the National Rose Society's Silver Medal
for the best H.P. in the amateurs' class, and was pro-
bably the finest bloom of this variety ever exhibited.
His other blooms were Earl of Dufferin, very tine ;
Duke of Edinburgh, Louis Van Houtte, Mdlle. Annie
Wood, Prosper Langier, Pride of Waltham, Comte
de Raimbaud, Alphonse Soupert, Charles Lefebvre,
Francois Michelon, A. K. Williams, Countess of
Rosebery, Horace Vernet, a splendid flower ; Alfred
Colomb. Marie Baumann, Auguste Rigotard, Duke of
Teck, Captain Christy, Prince Arthur, Beauty of
Waltham, Duchess of Bedford, and Prince Arthur.
Mr. E. B. Lindsell, of Hitchin, was a good 2nd ; and
Mr. W.'J. Grant, 3rd.

There were two silver cups, value ten guineas each,
presented by the Master Cutler and the Mayor of
Sheffield ; the former was won by Mr. W. J. Grant,
of Ledbury, and the latter by the Rev. F. R. Burn-
side, of Birch Vicarage, Hereford. Mr. Grant
secured his with the following twenty-four varieties :
— Capt. Christy, Alfred Colomb, Her Majesty, Con-
stantine Tretiakoff, La France, Marie Baumann,
Mdlle. Susanne Radeconaki, Senateur Vaisse,
Ulrich Brunner, Marquise de Castellane, A. K. Wil-
liams, Madame Joseph Desbois, Duke of Edinburgh,
Duchesse de Morny, Horace Vernet, Dr. Andry,
Charles Darwin, Dupuy Jamain, Duchess of Bedford,
Madame de Watteville, Prosper Langier, Madame
Charles Crapelet, Prince Arthur, and General
Jacqueminot.

The Rev. F. R. Burnside won the Master Cutler's
Cup with the following twelve Teas: — Madame
Cusin, Madame Bravy, Hon. Edith Gifford, Comtesse
de Nadaillac, Jean Ducher, Innocente Pirola, Sou-
venir d'un Ami, Marcellin Rhoda, Catherine Mermet,
The Bride, Madame Hippolyte Jamain, and Jules
Finger.

In the nurserymen's class, Mr. George Prince, of
Oxford, showed Teas in the style usual to that
renowned Tea-growing firm. His eighteen comprised
Francesca Kruger , Alba rosea, Madame Cusin, Sou-
venir de Sarah Prince, a most beautiful flower ;
Catherine Mermet, Priucess of Wales, Hon. Edith
Gifford, Madame Lambard, America, Anna Ollivier,
Souvenir d'un Ami, Marie Van Houtte, Adam,
Rubens, Innocente Pirola, The Bride, Souvenir de
Therese Levet, and Countesse Panisse.

The National Rose Society's Silver Medal for the
best hybrid perpetual in the amateur classes was
awarded, as before mentioned, to the Rev. J. H.
Pemberton ; and that for the best Tea or Noisette to
E. B. Lindsell, Esq., for a fine bloom of Etoile de
Lyon.

Amongst those amateurs who showed well we may
mention Mr. Edward Mawley, the Secretary of the
National Rose Society, who took 1st prize for a box
of twelve varieties, and a 1st prize for six Teas ;
others who did not take the 1st place, although they

showed exceedingly well, and gave promise of future
triumphs, are the Rev. W. Foster Melliar and Mr.
E. B. Lindsell, of Bearton, Hitchin, and had not
the boxes of the former exhibitor been so roughly
handed by the porters at the railway station, he
might have secured a better position.

It only remains to add that the whole of the
arrangements was under the special superintendence
of Mr. W. G. Head, Garden Superintendent at the
Crystal Palace, and that both the committee and
Mr. Head managed to make all things work smoothly
for the exhibitors, many of whom will remember,
with pleasure, the third venture of the National
Rose Society at Sheffield in 1889.

TUNBRIDGE WELLS.

Tdnbridge Wells: July 10. — To describe the
show proper somewhat in detail, in the large
marquee devoted mainly to stove and greenhouse
plants, the leading feature was the really grand
collection of Tree Ferns, Palms, and flowering
plants which occupied the central division, some of
the former being from 12 to 16 feet in height. The
collection of stove plants in flower, from the houses
at Holmwood, which carried off the 1st prize, in-
cluded two Allamandas (neither of them very fully
flowered), an Erica Cavendishii, a Clerodendron, and
a Bougainvillea, all well covered with flowers, two
Ixoras, and Anthurium. All were beautifully grown
plants, and they formed a very striking collection.
The 2nd prize, eight exotic Ferns, came from the
same establishment. The Crotons were, if possible,
grander and more bpautiful than were ever before
seen at Tunbridge Wells show, and would not have
been easy to surpass at any other. The best of these
also came from Holmwood. The 2nd prize collection
of stove plants was composed of three Crotons, a
Phyllota3nium, an Alocasia, a Cycas revoluta, a
Phumix reclinata, and a very fine Palm. Mr. Pope,
the gr. at Holmwood, found the resources at his
command sufficiently extensive to enable him to
secure 1st honours for six ornamental foliage plants,
in which class the Alocasias and Crotons did good
service ; and he was also the most successful exhi-
bitor of six stove plants. Mr. Smith, gr. at Nevill
Court, secured the 1st place in the class for speci-
men exotic Ferns.

Mr. Allen, gr. at Ashurst Park, was the only exhi-
bitor of Caladiums, but his half-dozen were good
enough to win in a large class, the plants being
compact, healthy, and well-grown, and the variega-
tion exceedingly beautiful. The zonal Pelargoniums
were a very good lot, and the majority of them well
covered with fine trusses of flower. Show and fancy
Pelargoniums were particularly good for this period
of the year; no doubt, most of the exhibitors could
have produced much finer specimens six weeks or
two months back. The majority of the Fuchsias
were well-flowered, but the plants were not large,
nor in other respects remarkable, Mr. Allen exhi-
bited a fine collection of British Ferns, from
Ashurst Park.

As usual, one of the most attractive departments
in this portion of the exhibition was the groups of
plants, in the arrangement of which much taste was
displayed. The group from Nevill Court gained the
post of honour; Mr. Dupond, gr. to J. Alchin, Esq.,
Rusthall, being a good 2nd. Mr. Webber, of Ton-
bridge, was again well to the fore in the competition
with groups of Ferns ; his design was most tasteful
and elegant, and the representation of a gipsy's
kettle formed of Ferns, slung on a tripod of
rough sticks, while tinted foliaged Ferns underneath
might, by a stretch of imagination, have represented
a fire, was particularly effective. Mr. Dupond's was
a very fine collection, and the only improvement in
Mr. Webber's group that appeared possible would
have been the introduction of one or two varieties
from this group which were not found in that
from the Tonbridge nursery. Both groups reflected
credit upon the exhibitors.

Amongst the cut flowers, the Roses, as usual, occu-
pied a leading position, though the number shown
was below the average, a month's blazing sunshine
having wrought much havoc among the " Queen of
Flowers." Messrs. Bunyard, of Maidstone, gained
the award for the best stand of forty-eight, which in-
cluded many beautiful examples — notably, Alfred
Colomb, La France, Marechal Niel, Eclair, and
others ; but the competition with Messrs. Cheal &
Son must have been wonderfully keen, and it was
in the 2nd prize collection that the judges found the
flower that carried off the Medal given by the
National Rose Society for the best single flower in

the class, which was given to a fine specimen of
Lady Mary Fitzwilliam.

Mr. Roger Buston, of Hurstleigh, had an easy
victory in the classes for amateurs, and a magnificent
bloom of Alfred Colomb, which gained the Rose
Society's Medal offered to amateur exhibitors, was
found in his collection. It was generally voted the
best Rose in the show.

The table decorations were twenty-six in number,
and could not all be accommodated on one of the
long tables extending down the centre of the
marquee.

Fruit was fairly abundant, and the Grapes parti-
cularly the Black Hamburghs shown by Sir Julian
Goldsmid's gardener (Mr. Hopgood), were really
magnificent; Melons, Peaches, and Nectarines were
all very fine, the latter more especially. Straw-
berries, notwithstanding the prolific season, formed
only a meagre show ; and there was but one
collection of fruit — a very beautiful one — from
Somerhill, while Tomatos were both abundant and
good.

The cottagers' tent was both interesting and
attractive — interesting on account of the generally
excellent quality of the exhibits and the keenness of
the competition, and attractive from a magnificent
collection of Gloxinias, the finest of which came from
Mrs. Barnett's, Nevill Park. A stand of cut Begonias,
not for competition, shown by Messrs. Laing & Sons,
of the Forest Hill Nursery, attracted much attention,
though not more than they deserved, many of them
being surpassingly beautiful, and giving additional
proof of the readiness of this class of plant to lend
itself to the cultivator's skill. Mr. Charlton, the
well-known local florist, had also some very fine
deep-coloured Begonias, which commanded a large
share of admiration.

Two features of great interest and attractive-
ness yet remain for notice. It will be remembered
that last year was conceived the happy idea of
holding a "Floral Fair" in connection with the
show in aid of that deserving institution, the Eye
and Ear Hospital, and owing to its success this was
repeated on this occasion. A small marquee was
set apart for the exhibition of the beautiful floral
wares and luscious fruits supplied by the generosity
of many friends.

The Weather.

[By the term "accumulated temperature" is meant a figure
representing the aggregate amount, as well as the dura-
tion, of the excess or defect of temperature above or below
42° Fahr. for the period named ; and this combined result
is explained in Day-degrees— a "Day-degree" signifying
1° continued for twenty-four hours, or any other number
of degrees for an inversely proportional number of hours.]

Temperature.

Rainfall.

Bright
Sun.

JS fee

±> a

Accumulated.

act

1 .

T"9

-to!

*-* eg

.9
U

a
a

8."

ft-a

□

0> 93

a a> g »
Sj - ? ' S3 c a;

3 'I

'§".

+ s

o"2
8

3»
0

Si* *M

£a

- -

<**
0

0 L

v O

Si1—

ma
3'«
a 0

a) 0

■4

J3*«

Day-
den.

Day-
deg.

lOtha
Inch.

In.

3 —

+ 181

+ 4

2 —

134

20.3

4 —

+ 65

+ 5

2 +

106

12.9

4 —

+ 47

+ 7

1 +

11.8

5 —

109

+ 39

+ 112

2 —

102

13.8

5 —

+ 41

+ 60

16.2

3 —

117

+ 81

+ 75

3 +

101

12.9

3 —

+ IO81— 23

1 —

111

20.6

5 —

+ 80- 1

1 +

102

14.9

4 —

101

+ 18+ 88

1 +

100

17.9

5 —

+ 67—53

3 +

P23

18.3

4 —

+ 27-14

3 +

110

17.8

2 -

122

+ 105 — 1«

2 +

108

14.4

The districts indicated by number in the first column are
the following : —

Principal Wheat- producing Districts — 1, Scotland, N. ;
2, Scotland, E. ; 3, England, N,E. ; 4, England, E. ;
5, Midland Counties ; 6, England, S.
Principal Grazing, Jjc, Districts — 7, Scotland, W. ; 8,
England, N.W.; 9, England. S.W. ; 10, Ireland, N.;
11, Ireland, S. , 12, Channel Islands.

114

THE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

[July 27, 1889.

THE PAST WEEK.

The following summary record of the weather for
the week ending July 22, is furnished from the
Meteorological Office : —

" The weather has continued in an unsettled con-
dition in all parts of the kingdom. Kain has fallen
rather frequently in all districts, and has been
accompanied by occasional thunder and lightning.
Over central, southern, and eastern England, how-
ever, some fine clear intervals have been experienced.

" The temperature has been below the mean in all
districts, the deficit in most places having been as
much as 3° to 5°. The highest of the maxima were
recorded on irregular dates, and were very low for
the time of year, having ranged from 64° in ' Scot-
land, N.,' to 71° in 'England, S.,' 'England, S.W.,'
and ' Ireland, S.' The absolute minima, which were
also registered on varying dates, were as low as 38°
to 40° in Scotland, 37° to 45° in England, and 40°
in Ireland. In the ' Channel Islands ' the lowest
reading was 49c.

"The rainfall has been a little less than the mean
in the north and west of Scotland, and over central
and eastern England, but rather more in all other
localities.

" Bright sunshine has been more prevalent in some
parts of England than it was last week, but shows a
decrease in Ireland, Scotland, and the northern
parts of England. The percentage of the possible
amount of duration ranged from only 14 in ' Scot-
land, N.,' 16 in 'England, N.E.,' and 17 in ' Ireland,
N.,' to 43 in the ' Midland Counties,' 48 in ' England,
S.W.,' and 56 in the ' Channel Islands.' "

Markets.

COVENT GARDEN, July 25.

Hothouse fruit in good supply, with prices easier.
Outdoor goods coming light, maintaining their values.
James Webber , Wholesale Apple Market.

Fruit.— Average Wholesale Prices.

Cherries, 5-sieve
Currants, Black
sieve

— Red, §-sieve ti. « «- * «
Gooseberries, '^-sieve 3 0-36
Grapes, per lb. ... 0 6-26

«. d. s. d.

.. 6 0- 12 0

... 4 0-60
...3 6-4 6

s. d. s. d.
Lemons, per case ...12 0-21 0
Peaches, per doz. ... 6 0-15 0
Pine-apples, Eng., lb. 16-30
— St. Michael, each 2 0-60
Strawberries, per lb. 0 4-10

Vegetables. -

Asparagus, English,

per 100 5 0- ...

Beans, Jersey French,

per lb 0 6- ...

Beet, red, per dozen 10-20
Carrots, per bunch... 0 6- ...
Cauliflowers, each ... 0 6- ...
Celery, per bundle ...16-20
Cucumbers, each ... 0 6-09

Average Retail Prices.
s. d. 3. d.

Endive, per dozen ..
Green Mint, bunch.,.
Herbs, per bunch ...
Leeks, p«r bunch ...
Lettuce, per dozen...

6- ,
0 4- ,
0 4- ,

0 3- ,

1 6- ,

Mushrooms, punnet 1
Mustard and Cress,

punnet 0

Onions, per bunch ... 0
Parsley, per lb. ... 0
Peas, per quart ... 1
Potatos, new Jsy.,lb. 0
Rhubarb, bundle ... 0
Shallots, per lb. ... 0
Spinach, per bushel... 3
Tomatos, per lb. ... 1
Turnips, per bunch,

new 0

d. s. d.
6- ...

4- ...

5- ...

6- ...
3- ...
3- ...
6- ...
6- ...
6- ...
0- ...

Potatos. — Foreign supplies finishing up badly, and very low
price, most samples diseased. Home arrivals are new
heavy : Kidneys, 'is. 6rf. to 4s. 6d. per cwt. ; Beauty of
Hebron, 3s. to 4s. ; Early Rose, 3s. to 3s. Gd. The late
heavy rain is causing disease to spread in some districts.
J. B, Thomas.

Plants in Pots.— Average Wholesale Prices.

s.
Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6
Arum Lilies, p. doz. 6
Balsams, doz. ... 4

Begonias, dozen ... 4
Cactus, per dozen... 9
Calceolarias, dozen 4
Crassula, per dozenl2
Cyperus, per dozen . 4
Dracaena terminaliB,

per dozen 30

— viridis, per doz. 12
Erica, various, doz. 12
Euonymus, in var.,

per dozen 6

Evergreens, in var.,

per dozen 6

Ferns, in var., doz. 4
Foliage plants, Vari-
ous, each 2

d. s.d.

0-18 0

0-12 0

0-6 0

0-12 0

0-18 0

0-9 0

0-30 0

0-12 0

0-60 0

0-24 0

0-30 0

0-18 0

0-24 0

0-18 0

0-10 0

Ficua elastica. each . 1
Fuchsias, dozen ... 3
Hydrangea, per doz. 9
Lilium lancefolium,
per dozen 12

— auratum, doz. ...12

— longefolium.doz.12
Lobelias, dozen ... 3
Marguerites, doz. ... 6
Mignonette, doz. ... 3
Musk, dozen ... 2
Nasturtiums, doz. ... 3
Palms in var., each 2
Pelargoniums, per

dozen 6

— Ivy-Leafed, doz. 3

— scarlet, doz. ... 2
Rhodanthe. pter doz. 4
StocTts, ddzen ... 4

d.s.d.
6- 7 0
0-8 0
0-18 0

0-24 0
0-30 0
0-24 0
0- S 0
0-12 0
0-6 0
0-4 0
0-5 0
6-21 0

0-15 0
0-4 0

0-4 0
0-6 0
0-6 0

Cut Flowers. -
f.
Abutilons, 12 bun. ... 2
ArumLilies,12bloom9 2
Bouvardias, per bun. 0
Cactus blooms, doz. 1
Carnations, 12 bun. 3

— 12 blooms ... 1
Cornflowers, 12 bun. 1
Delphinium, 12 bun. 3
Eucharis, per dozen 3
Gardenias, 12 blooms 2
Gladioli, 12 bun. ... 2

— 12 sprays ... 1
Heliotropes, 12 spr. 0
Iris, 12 bunches ... 4
Lavender, 12 bun. ... 6
Lilium, vari., 12 bis. 1
Maiden Hair Fern

12 bun

-Average Wholesale Prices,

d. s. d. $.

0-4 0 Marguerites. 12 bun. 3

0-4 0 Mignonette. 12 bun. 2

6-0 9 Pansies, 12 bun. ... 1

6-2 0 Pelargoniums, 12 spr. 0

0-6 0 — scarlet, 12 spr.... 0

0-3 0 Pinks (var.), 12 bun. 2

0-4 0 Primulas, dbl.. 12 sp. 0

0-6 0 Rhodanthe, 12 bun. 4

O-6 0 Roses, Tea, per doz. 0

0-4 0 — coloured, dozen. 2

0-9 0 — red, per dozen ... 0

0-2 0 — Safrano, dozen... 0

6-10 Stephanotis, 12 spr. 2

0-12 0 Stock, 12 bunches ... 3

0-8 0 SweetSultan, 12bun. 4

0-5 0 Sweet Peas, 12 bun. 2
Tuberoses, 12 blnis.... 0

4 0-90
Orchid bloom in variety, fairly good supply.

d. s. d.
0-6 0
0-4 0
0-2 0
6-10
3-0 0
0-4 0
9-10
0-6 6
6-2 0
0-4 0
4- 1 0
6- 1 0
0-4 0
0-6 0
0-6 0
O-6 0
6-10

SEEDS.

London: July 24. — Messrs. John Shaw & Sons,
seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane, E.C., London,
report to-day's market featureless. French Tri-
folium offers at moderate figures. In Kapeseed the
tendency is still downwards. For sowing Mustard
there is a small inquiry on former terms. More
money is asked for new French Trefoil, cash. The
new crop of Blue Peas is badly spoken of; good
samples of 1888 crop have now become scarce. New
Haricot Beans are now selling. For Hempseed an
advance of Is. per quarter is asked.

CORN.

Averages.— Official statement showing the average
price of British corn, imperial measure, in the
week ended July 20 :— Wheat, 29s. id.; Barley,
21s. Id. ; Oats, 19s. 3d. For the corresponding week
in 1888 :— Wheat, 32s. ; Barley, 19s. Id. ; Oats, 17s.

FRUITS AND VEGETABLES.

Spitalfields : July 24. — English Apples, 5s. to
7s. per bushel ; Gooseberries, 3s. to 4s. 3d. per
half-sieve ; Black Currants, 5s. to 5s. Gd. do. ; White
Currants 5s. Gd. to 6s. do. ; Red Currants, 4s. to
to 4s. Gd. do. ; black Cherries, 6s. Gd. to 8s. do. ; white
Cherries, 10s. to 12s. do. ; Raspberries, 20s. to 22s.
per cwt. ; English Tomatos, 4s. Gd. to 6s. per 112 lb. ;
foreign Tomatos, 9d. to Is. per box ; pickling Wal-
nuts, 3s. to 3s. Gd. per half-sieve ; Cabbages, 3s. to
6s. per tally ; Cauliflowers, 2s. to 4s. per dozen ;
French Beans, 5s. to 6s. per bushel ; scarlet Beans,
5s. Gd. to 6s. Gd. do. ; Broad Beans, Is. 9d. to 2s. 3d.
do. ; do., 2s. Gd. to 3s. Gd. per sack ; Peas, 2s. 9a. to
3s. Gd. per bushel ; do., 5s. to 6s. per sack ; Vegetable
Marrows, Is. 3d. to Is. 9d. per dozen ; frame Cucum-
bers, 2s. Gd. to 3s. do. ; natural do., Gd. to &d. do. ;
spring Onions, 3s. to 4s. per dozen bunches ; Parsley,
Is. to Is. Gd. do. ; Mint, Is. to Is. Gd. do. ; Cos
Lettuce, 9d. to Is. per score ; Mustard and Cress,
Is. Gd. to 2s. per dozen baskets ; Leeks, 2s. to 3s. per
dozen ; Lisbon Onions, 5s. Gd. to 6s. per case ; Portu-
guese Onions, 8s. to 8s. Gd. do. ; Mangels, 19s. to 20s.
per ton ; Carrots, 2s. to 3s. per dozen bunches.

Stratford : July 23. — Quotations : — Cabbages, 2s.
to 4s. per tally ; Mangels, 20s. to 22s. per ton ;
Swedes, 20s. to 22s. do. ; Onions, Oportos, 9s. to
10s. per cwt. ; do., Egyptian, 4s. to 4s. Gd. per bag ;
Gooseberries, 4s. to 4s. Gd. per half-sieve ; Cherries,
10s. to 12s. do. ; Raspberries, 2s. per 5 lb. ; Tomatos,
Id. to Is. per box ; Pears, 3s. 3d. per molley ; Plum
Gages, 4s. per box ; Cucumbers, Dutch, Is. 3d. per
dozen ; do., frame, 3s. do. ; Marrows, Is. Gd. to 2s. Gd.
do. ; Pears, 4s. to 5s. Gd. per bag ; white Currants,
3s. per half-sieve ; red Currants, 5s. do. ; black Cur-
rants, 6s. Gd. do. ; Apples, 2s. Gd. to 4s. do. ; Carrots,
2s. Gd. per dozen bunches ; Onions, 3s. to 4s. do.

POTATOS.

Borough and Spitalfields, July 23. — Large
supplies and easier prices. Myatt's £3 to £5 10s. ;
Hebrons, £3 to £4 ; Jersey and French flukes, £3
to £4 per ton.

Spitalfields : July 24. — Quotations : — Jersey
kidneys, 60s. to 70s. ; do. flukes, 70s. to 80s. ;
Cherbourg kidneys, 60s. to 70s. ; do. flukes, 70s. to
80s. ; St. Malo kidneys, 60s. to 70s. Old : Myatt's
kidneys, 60s. to 80s. ; Regents, 80s. to 90s. ; Hebrons,
70s. to 80s. ; Early Rose, 60s. to 70s. per ton.

Stratford : July 23. — Quotations : — Jersey flukes,
60s. to 8,0s. ; English kidrreys, 60s. to 80s. ; Hebrons,
60s. to 70s. ; Early Rose, 50s. to 6&. jfeT ton.

HAY.

Notices to Correspondents.

Balsam and Abalia: A. G. S. We could discover
no trace of fungus or insect, and should think that
the crumpled and disfigured appearance of the
leaves is due to inherited weakness in the young
plants of Aralia, to impoverished soil, or to the
use of a soil not consisting of, or containing
enough life-giving ingredients ; and this want made
worse by the use of sand, and probably old used-up
potting soils mixed with what is new. In the case
of the Balsams, it is a matter of soil, ventilation,
and manuring, &c. Give a more generous treat-
ment, and some amount of bottom-heat, and the
appearance will disappear. Get Aralia cuttings
from a new and healthy source ; also Balsam seeds
from a new source.

Cactuses : G. A. By a clerical error the names of
the varieties of Phyllocactus got attached to the
wrong initials. See B. S. in Names of Plants in
our issue for June 22 last.

Creosoted Woodwork of Conservatory : Enquirer.
The woodwork having been painted over, there is
no means by which the creosote can be eradicated
from the wood without removing the paint. And
if this can be done by a painter's lamp, and the
wood rubbed down well afterwards with pumice-
stone, following this with the usual coat of priming
of thin red-lead, and then two coats of lead-paint
of any approved colour laid over this, no further
harm to the plants would be likely to happen. If
this could be done now — the plants being, of
course, removed elsewhere — and the house left
open for some weeks, so that it would get well
aired, it would be an advantage. It is the inside
of the conservatory only that will require this
mode of treatment.

Diseased Calceolarias and Pansies : J. H. Mr.
Worthington Smith, to whom we sent the speci-
men, says: — "I have microscoped every part of
these plants — leaves, stems, rootstock, rootlets —
and nothing in the way of a parasite is visible.
There is no fungus, or fungus-spore, or nematode,
or egg, or trace of insect. The roots, however,
appear to me to be in an unsatisfactory state ;
rootlets far too few in number, wirey, and dry, and
dead. It appears to me that the rootlets strike
work, possibly because an attempt is made to grow
the plants in an unnatural way. The upper parts
perish because the roots are dead. I have never
seen anything attacking the rootlets, large or
small. I think all Calceolarias are not equally
liable to go off. Possibly some of these plants do
not approve of cutting, or something of the kind.
Extended observation might throw some light on
the matter.

Double Roofs : C. A. Not necessary in this cli-
mate, and detrimental to all plants but Ferns in
any climate. Wooden shutters, or split Bamboo
lath blinds, fastened together with waxed cord or
wire, are preferable as protection against cold in
very severe weather, or, indeed, at almost any
time at night during the winter. The condensa-
tion of internal moisture on the glass is arrested,
much to the advantage of the plants, and the fuel
burnt is much less.

East Lothian Stock : F. W. For spring and sum-
mer flowering the seed must be sown in a cool
frame from June to the end of August, the young
plants being pricked out in open beds from the
early sowings, and into boxes from the later. They
should be in their wintering-pots before the middle
of September.

Erratum. In the report of the Scientific Committee,
given at p. 19, it was stated that Ceniostoma
coffeellum existed in Ceylon. This is a mistake,
the insect in question affects the Coffee planta-
tions of the West Indies, but has not, hitherto,
occurred in those of Ceylon.

Fish-bone Thistle : F. W. Sow in August, prick
off as soon as large enough to be handled, and pot
singly into deep llO's in September. Keep them

Jtoy 27, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

115

in a greenhouse until March, when they should be
shifted into larger pots, and grown in a pit close
to the glass, so as to keep them stocky. Seed may
be sown early in spring, but the plants will not be
very effective until the season is well advanced.

Hybrid Masdevallia: T. H. Any plant that has
an unusual degree of vigour, as hybrids notoriously
have, may produce a branched spike, or an in-
creased number of flowers. If you lay stress on
the word " hybrid," we cannot give you chapter
and verse, but, in any case, the fact is by no means
a remarkable one.

Insects : J. C. The moth sent with eggs deposited
in the box is the common garden tiger moth,
Arctia cajte. Its hairy caterpillar is known by the
name of the Woolly Bear.— G. W. Your caterpillar
had already formed and encased itself in its hard
cocoon before reaching us, but we have no doubt
that it was that of the Puss moth (Cerura vinula),
the ordinary food of which is the Poplar. I. 0. W.
■ — Euphorbia. We can 6nd no insects under the
bark of the stem of your Euphorbia. Please send
specimens in a corked quill or pill-box to Professor
Westwood, Oxford. W.

Lettuce: J. S. Appears to be Paris White Cos.
Send again a full-grown plant ; the one sent was
much too young for the name to be determined.

Names of Plants : F. Carr. Alstroemeria Ligtu,
L.,oran allied species. — W.H. T, Norwich. Spiraea
canescens. — D. H. 1 and 4, Spiraea Douglasii ;
5, 6, Spiraea Nobleana ; 7, S. japonica. — K. 1,
Dianthus Seguieri. — M. C. 3 and 4, two forms
of Spiraea Douglasii ; 5, Berberis concinna ; 6,
Rhododendron anthopogon. — M. ft, Hetherset.
Saxifraga cymbalaria. — IV. K. 1, Dianthns plu-
marius ; 2, Verbascum nigrum ; 3, 4, 5, Anten-
naria dioica. — ./. TV. Oliver, 1, Securigera atlan-
tica ; 2, Potentilla pedata ; 3, P. hirta ; 4, we can-
not name from the scrappy material sent ; 5, Echi-
nops sphaerocephalus ; 6, Carduus cernuus. Why
not send good specimens? — T. V. 1, Sedum
spurium ; 2, Linum flavum ; 3, Lysimachia vulgaris ;
5, Rubus odoratus ; 6, CEnothera Youngi ; others
shrivelled beyond power of recognition. — W.
Orchis maculata apparently, but shrivelled ; may
be 0. conopsea. — E. G. Broom-rape (Orobanche
minor) ; very common as a parasite on Clover and
other plants. — A.J. Origanum Sipyleum. The
fungus (smashed) seems to be the young state of
the Stinkhorn — decidedly objectionable. — H. S.
Coccoloba platycladon. — IV. S; J. B. Cut-leaved
Beech (Fagus sylvatica laciniata). Beetle-trap
very efficacious. — W. T. Melilotus officinalis. —
Q. if. 2, Tradescantia virginica ; 3, Chrysanthe-
mum lacustre ; 4, Epilobium hirsutum ; 5, Veron-
ica longifolia ; 6, Campanula carpatica ; 7, Lythrum
salicaria ; 8, Stenactis speciosa ; 9, Achillea
^Egyptica ; 10, Monarda didyma; 11, Spiraea
Douglasi; 12, S. Fortunei. — W. E. 1, Hypochaeris
radicata, Hawkbit ; 2, Spiraea ariaefolia. — E. D. L.
Spiraea Fortunei ; 2, Campanula glomerata alba ;
3, C. glomerata ; 4, Eryhgium, next week ; 5,
Lysimachia brachystachys; 6, Carduus, not known ;
7, Campanula, next week. — C. B. 1, Selaginella
umbrosum ; 2, S. Wildenowi ; 3, S. apoda ; 4,
Phygelius capensis; 6, Valeriana officinalis; 7,
Lysmachia vulgaris ; 9, Veronica salicifolia. C.
B. should attach his labels more firmly. — ./. H. J.
Nectarine Hunt's Tawny ; early variety Peach,
probably Grosse Mignonne, but we cannot name
Peaches with certainty, without being furnished
with the leaves, and a description of the flowers. —
ft W. K. Cattleya guttata, as far as can be told
from a withered flower.

Pansies : Wat kins d? Simpson. Very pretty. Have
seen nothing just like them before. Would make
pretty beds and lines, or for pots.

Vine Disease: IW. Milne. The disease has not
as yet appeared in this country, so far as we know,
and it appears only to have attacked Vines in the

" open. It is noticed in our issue for July 7, 1888,
where methods for its destruction are given, and it
is there said to be allied to the fungus that causes
the Potato-disease.

Potatos : Foliejon. We forwarded the tubers to Mr.

_C^B. Plowright, of King's Lynn, who replies as
follows : — " Two of the tubers are destroyed by
wet-rot, while the third is also affected. There
are upon one of the tubers indications of the pre-
sence of Phytophthora, but microscopic examina-

' tion failed to demonstrate the presence of its my-
celium, neither were any conidia produced on the I
cut surface. In order to be quite sure, however,

a series of cultural experiments have been under-
taken. The gas-lime is innocent of this disease,
the bacterium of the 'wet- rot' being the 'guilty
party.' "

Pyeethhums: Water Jug. Move in September, or
in April, at which times you may propagate them
by division of the root. If done early in September,
autumn removal is better than spring. Let the
position they are placed in be warm and well-
drained, and a raised bed or border is better than
a flat one.

Raspberries: G. L. No. 1, Red Antwerp; 2, Sem-
per Fidelis.

Tennis Court: A Subscriber. If the space to be
occupied by the court consists of firm ground, take
out about 6 inches in depth of the staple, make
the bottom level, and then fill in with broken
stone and brickbats ; and after making the surface
of this level by ramming and hammering, pour
over it, to the depth of li inch, concrete made
with one part (by measure) of Portland cement,
two of gravel with the fine part? sifted from it,
and coarse sand. This should be mixed to a thin
consistency with water, and before it is set lay
upon it a coat of Portland cement and fine sand in
equal proportions half an inch thick, and make
quite smooth with a trowel, shovel, or piece of
board. A slight inclination of the surface should
be given it towards the side, so that rain- water
will run off quickly into the gravel or turf at the
sides, or into properly made channels at the sides.
The whole court should be framed with hard wood
boards, stone or brick on edge, or something durable
and neat to give a finish to it, and prevent water
getting beneath the materials, which might end in
the frost bursting up the surface in places.

Tomatos Diseased : J. H. N. The Tomatos are
attacked by a fungus named Cladosporium fulvum.
You will find a full and illustrated account of this
pest in the Gardeners' Chronicle for October 29,
1887, p. 532. W. G. S.

Tomatos not Setting, &c. : P. B. Your plants may
fail to set because the temperature of the house is
maintained at too high a figure. During the set-
ting the blooms should have the pollen distributed
over them by means of a small brush (pencil), and
a drier air kept in the house. If you allowed one
fruit to swell while the main crop of any parti-
cular plant was still in a very small stage, that
fruit would keep the lead to the disadvantage of
all the other fruit on that plant ; and it might be
best to remove it. Get Mr. W. Iggulden's little
book, The Tomato, its Culture and Uses. It is sold
at the Journal of Horticulture office, 171, Fleet
Street, E.C.

Vines : G. H. Waltham Cross is a very late-ripen-
ing Grape, and should be grown with the Muscats,
or under similar treatment. It will not succeed
in your house along with Black Hamburgh and
Black Alicante. It is one of the best of late
Grapes; not very fine flavour, but firm in flesh,
and keeping well.

Communications Received.— Munro & Ferguson — H. de la
Hooke.— Messrs. Dickson.— J. S.— P. L. S.— W. K.— F. A.—
E. J.— G. Bush (shortly).— T. H— W. Sowerby.— G. W.—
W. M. B.— J. M. Wood, Natal (many thanks).— F. W. B.
(many thanks : it shall be put in hand at once) — J. A.— J.
B.— W. W.— Paris.— W. E.— H. Cannell, E. Bland, W.
Shingler, and R. D. Blackmore (thanks, but too late).— T.
Butcher.— I. O. W. (thanks).

LAYERING CARNATIONS.— The earlier this opera-
tion is performed in August the better. If a little
light soil is placed around and underneath the
plants, with a surfacing of sand, the layers will
root more quickly than would otherwise be the
case. In layering, remove a few of the bottom
leaves with "a knife, and cut the stem half-way
through from the lower joint in an upward direc-
tion for about an inch, then bend the stem of the
plant down to the prepared soil, inserting the tongue
formed by the upward cut therein, and securingit with
a crooked peg. In this way a few hundred layers
may be made in a few hours ; care, however, should
be taken not to cut the stem too far through, and
not to break the grasses operated on in the act of
bending it downwards. Water should be given
through a rose to settle the soil about the layers,
repeating the application every afternoon in dry
weather until roots are formed in nnmbers. H. W.
Ward.

T ARGE PLANTS FOR SALE.

-Lrf FERNS, PALMS, EUCHARIS, BANDANAS, &c.
Apply, GARDENER, Castle House, Shooter's Hill, Kent.

PRIMULAS and CINERARIAS, Is. 6d. doz.
Herbaceous CALCEOLARIAS, of an extra superb strain,
of our own saving, large flowers, rich and varied colours,
beautiful form, 2s. per dozen ; Seed, Is. 6rf., 2s. 6d. per packet.
Good Plants ready for potting.

BOU VARDIAS, fine plants, in 2£pots, ready for potting on for
winter flowering, in good and varied sorts, to name, 3s. per doz.

CYCLAMEN, of an extra fine strain, of our own saving, good
plants for potting on, 3s. and 4s. per dozen. The chief merit of
this strain is the vigour of growth, varied colours, and freedom.

GERANIUMS, for winter flowering, strong young plants,
ready to pot now into large pots to establish for blooming in
October and November, finest named kinds, 4s. and 6s. per doz.,
double or single.

CATALOGUE of all you want for a Garden, free for 3 stamps.

WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham ;
10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.

(SO 000 CLEMATIS, in Pots, of all the

\J\s^\J\J\J finest Double and Single Varieties (some
of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of
every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for
climbing and bedding, from 12s. to 24s. per dozen, strong
plants; extra strong plants, repotted into 5£-inch pots, 2s 6a.
each ; Beauty of Worcester, a magnificent purple, excellent
for bedding, recently sent out by us, reduced price 2s. 6d. each.
Descriptive LLSTon application.— RICHARD SMITH and CO.,
Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester.

SEEDS FOR PRESENT SOWING.
CABBAGE.

BARNES' NORWICH MARKET, the earliest, Is. per ounce,

7s. 6d. per pound.
BARNES' GREAT EASTERN, the largest, Is. per ounce,
7s. fid. per pound.

ONION.
BARNES' GIANT ROCCA, the mildest, 9d. per ounce,

6s. per pound.
BARNES' WHITE MAMMOTH, the best white, 6rf. per packet,
Is. 6rf. per ounce, 12s. per pound.
The best quality only. Post-free. Price LISTS Gratis to all

applicants.

J Til "D A "D "M"|? <3 (16 years Managing Assistant

J. -Cj. _D.a._n.l\ .EiO with Daniels Bros.),

The " Great Eastern " Seed Stores,

9, EXCHANGE STREET, NORWICH.

IMPORTANT TO GENTLEMEN

■A- Stocking New Houses, adding to Collections of Stove and
Greenhouse Plants, or Ferns. A CATALOGUE of 134 Pages,
which includes Lists of all the finest Stove and Greenhouse
Plants, Orchids, and Ferns, may be had post-free for 3 stamps.

12 Fine STOVE PLANTS, 12s., 18s.

12 „ GREENHOUSE PLANTS, 9s., 18s.

12 Distinct STOVE and GREENHOUSE FERNS, 9s. or 18s.

12 Fine ORCHIDS, for Cool or Hothouses, 42s„ 63s.

An immense stock of Plants on hand, an inspection invited
before buying elsewhere.

WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham j
10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.

Blight-BUgnt-Aphis and Blight.

Tucker's eucalyptus disinfect-
ant FLUID Destroys these Pests. Is. and 2s. a Bottle.
J. TUCKER and CO., 51, Paddington Street, London, W.

GARDEN
REQUISITES.

Two Prize Medals.

Quality, THE BEST in the Market. (All sacks included.)

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process),

sacks. Is. Ad. each; 10sacks,12s.6of.; 15sacks,17s.6rf., 20sacks,

20s. ; 25 sacks, 24s. ; 30 sacks, 27s. ; 40 sacks, 35s. ; 50 sacks,

40s. ; Truck-load, loose, free on rail, 80s. Limited quantities

of G., special quality, granulated in sacks only, 2s. 6d. each.

GENUINE ORCHID PEAT, 8s. 6rf. per sack ; 5 sacks, 40s. ;

BEST BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, hs. per sack ; 5 for 22s. 6d.

BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 4s. 6d. per sack ; 5 for 20s.

COARSE SILVER SAND, Is. 6rf. per bushel ; 14s. half ton ;

24s. per ton. Yellow Fibrous Loam, Compost, Leaf and Peat

Mould, Is. per bushel. Tobacco Cloth or Paper, Is. per lb.

Special Manures, Peat-Moss Litter, Crushed Bones, Virgin

Cork, &c, &c. Write for Price List.

Terms strictly Cash with order.
CHUBB, ROUND & CO., West Ferry Road, Mlllwall,

London, E. Bankers — frnion Bank of London.

BENTLEY'S
WEED DESTROYER.

Mr. Elworthy, Kettlecombt Court, u-rites: —
" I have tried two factors, but I find yours much the most de-
structive." F0r fun particulars apply to

J. BENTLEY,

CHEMICAL WORKS. BARROW-ON-HUMBER, HULL.

CARSON'S PAINT

Patronised by 16,000 of the Nobility, Gentry,
and Clergy, for all kinds of

OUTDOOR WORE, CONSERVATORIES,

Greenhouses, Frames, Ac.

1 Cwt., and Oil Mixture, Free to all Stations.

Liquid Non-Poisonous Paints for Inside of Conservntorus, &c.
Prices, Patterns, and Testimonials, rust-free.

LA BBLLB SA'JVAGB TART), LUDGATB HILL. E.C.
BACHELOR'S WALK, DUBLIN.— Discounter Cash.

116

THE GARDENERS' CHR 0 NI GL E.

[July 27, 1889.

ORCHID PEAT, beat quality ; BROWN
FIBROUS PE\T for Store and Greenhouse use. RHO-
DODENDRON and AZALEA PEAT. Samples and Prices to
WALKER AND CO., FarnborouKh, Hants.

L~~E MON OIL INSECTICIDE.—
The best of all preparations for easily, cheaply, and
effectually cleaning Plants from Green-fly, Thrip Scale, Bug,
&c. Follow the directions, and you will always use it.

P'nt, Is. 6d. ; quart, 25. 9d. ; £ gallon, 5s. ; 1 gallon, 9s. ; 4
gallons, 34s. Ask your seedsman for it, or apply io

WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham;
10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.

BEESON'S MANURE.— The Best and
Cheapest Fertiliser for all purposes. Write for Circular
containing the Leading Gardeners' and Market Growers'
Reports. Sold in Tins. Is., 2s 6rf., 5s. 6d., and 10s. 6d. each,
or 1 cwt. Bags, sealed, 13s. By all Seedsmen, or apply direct to
W. H. BKESON, Carbrook Bone Mills, Sheffield.

GENUINE GARDEN REQUISITES,
as supplied to the Royal Gardens. All Sacks free.
Cocoa-nut Fibre Refuse, fresh, 1 sack, Is. 3d. ; 10 sacks for
12s. ; 15 for 17s. ; 20 for 20s. ; 30 for 28s. ; 2 ton truck free ou
rail, 30s. Best Brown Fibrous Kent Peat, 5s. per sack; 5 for
22s. &d.; 10 for 35s. Best Black Peat, 4s. &d. per sack ; 5 for 20s.
Coarse Bedfords' Sand, Is. 6rf. per bushel; 14s. half ton ; 25j.
per ton. Potting Composts, 5s. per sack. Genuine Peruvian
Guano, Crushed Bones, Fertilisers, &c. Fresh Sphagnum
Moss, 2s. 6rf. per bushel; 6s. per sack. Charcoal, 2s. Hrf. per
bushel; 8s. per sack. Flower Sticks, painted and un painted ;
Labels, and Bamboos. Best Raffia, Is. per lb. ; 7 lb. for 5s. 6rf.
Pure Leaf Mould, Peat Mould, and Yellow Fibrous Loam, each
Is per bushel; 3s. per sack. Specialite Tobacco Paper, and
Cloth, Is. per lb. ; 28 lb. for 26s. Mushroom Spawn, best
quality, 4s. per bushel. Russia Mats, 10s. to 18s. per dozen.
Virgin Cork, 28 lb., 5s. 6d.; 56 lb., 10s.; 1 cwt., 17s. Write
for free Price List.— W. HERBERT and CO., Hop Exchange.
Southwark Street. London, S.E. (near London Bridge).

THE

Normal Fertiliser

For GREENHOUSE or GARDEN.

7 lb. 14 lb. 28 lb. 66 lb. 1 cwt.
Price :— 2j_ 3j 6rf_ 5s 6rfi g,. 14s-

And in id. and Is. packets.

To be had of Seedsmen and Florists, or the NORMAL

MANURE COMPANY. Ltd., 121, Bishopsgate Street Within,

E.C.. and Farnham Road, Guildford. Usual Trade Discounts.

Wholesaleof Messrs. HURSTANDSON,152.Houndsditch,London

BONES !— BOHES ! ! BONES!!!

Crushed Bones in all sizes for Vine Borders, Lawns, Potting,
Grass Lands. &c. Also BONE MEAL for Poultry Feeding,
GARDEN GUANO, DISSOLVED BONES, Special MANURES
and FERTILIZERS for all purposes.

For Prices, apply to

HARRISON, BARBER & CO. (Limited),

GARRETT LANE. WANDSWORTH. SURREY. S.W.

GUBRAN'S EUGHARIS MITE KILLER.

Prices : — J pint. Is. Gd. ; 1 pint, 2s. 6d, ; 1 quart, 4s, %d. ;
§ gallon, 7s. 6*. ; 1 gallon, 12s. <6d.

Ask your seedsman for it, or apply to
WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham;
10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.

SAFE, SURE, CHEAP, and RELIABLE.

"DEMON"

INSECTICIDE.

Mealy Bug

Mildew

No
Scale

Blight

Green Fly

Red Spider

Slugs

Insect Pests

of any

> The surest, safest, 7nost elective, and
\ economical Insecticide ever invented for
\ u*e alike in the Greenhouse, Fiower and
( Kitchen Gardens,

5 1 gallon makes 160 gallons of Insecticide.
< On Receipt of Sixpence in Stamps
) we will post free, to any address, a sample
r 5-pint tin — a practical trial will speak
I louder than words.
? Testimonials constantly received.

; Prices, delivered free to any address: —
( 1 pint, Is. id. ; 1 quart, 2s. ; ^-gallon, 3s.

> 1 gallon, 4s. id. — tins free. 4 gallons for
8s. — Tin to be returned. Larger quan-
tities at reduced rates. Sole proprietors —

DEIGHTON & CO.

description. \ Manufacturing Chemists. Bridgnorth.

PEAT FOR ORCHIDS,

CHOICE PLANTS, FERNS, HEATHS. AZALEAS, &c.
EPPS & CO. are now prepared to offer PEAT, as above,
of first-class quality, at lowest prices. Prices on application.
Depot for HORTICULTURAL SUNDRIES, LOAM. SAND,
LEAF-MOULD, SPHAGNUM, COCOA-FIBRE REFUSE,
CHARCOAL, and ARTIFICIAL MANURES.

PEAT MOSS LITTER.
EPPS & CO., Ringwood, Hants.

GARDEN REQUISITES.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE.

id. per bushel ; 1U0 for 25s. ; truck (loose, about 2 tons),
40s. : 4-bushel bags, id. each.

LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. id. per sack ; 5 sacks,
25s. ; sacks, id. each.

BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. per sack, 5 sacks, 22s. ; sacks,
id. each.

COARSE SILVER SAND, Is. 9d. per bushel ; 15s. per hall
ton ; 26s. per ton, in 2-bushel bags, id. each.

YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD, Is. per bushel.

SPHAGNUM MOSS, 8s. id. per sack.

MANURES. GARDEN STICKS, VIRGIN CORK, TOBACCO
CLOTH, RUSSIA MATS, &c. Write for Price LIST.—
H. G. SMYTH, F.R.H.S., 21. Goldsmith's Street, Drury
Lane (lately called 17a. Coal Yard). W.C.

TOBACCO PAPER, best quality, 1*. per lb. ;
11 lb., 13s. Do. CLOTH, Is. per lb. ; 14 1b.. 13s. Do.
FIBRE, much stronger, and better than Cloth or Paper, Is. per
lb.; 141b.. 13s. 281b. carriage paid to any station. TheTrade
supplied.— PEIRCE AM) CO., BelvoirRd.. St. Andrews. Bristol.

For Destroying Weeds on Garden Walks, Carriage
Drives, Stable Yards, fee, also for Killing
Plantain on Lawns. Saves more than twice
Its cost in Labour. No Smell.

One application will keep the Watte clear of Weeds for at
least Twelve Months.

Used in the crystal palace gardens, the Alex-
andra PALACE GROUNDS, the CAMBRIDGE BOTANIC
GARDENS, and many other Public and Private Gardens.

Mr. W. G. HEAD, Superintendent of the Crystal Palace
Gardens, says : — " We were fO satisfied with your Weed Killer
and its price, that we have used it absolutely. I have every
confidence in recommending it."

Highly Commended by the Judges at the Alexandra Palace
Rose Show. 1889.

Price:— 1 Gallon, 2s. (tin included) ; 5 Gallons, Is. id. per
Gallon ; 10 to 20 Gallons, Is. id. per Gallon.

Carriage paid on 10 Gallons and upwards.

Used in the proportion of 1 gallon to 25 gallons of water,
and applied with an ordinary watering can.

Sole Proprietors and Manufacturers — The AGRI-
HORTICULTURAL CHEMICAL COMPANY, Tunbridge,
Kent, and Carlton Street, Bolton, Lancashire.

Sold in- Lospox by — HURST & SONS, 152, Hounds-
ditch, E. : BARR & SON, 12, King Street, Covent
Garden, W.C. ; A ROBINSON, 8, Leadenhall street,

B.C. ; and other Nurservnwn and SpeMsm<,n.

THE

"PERFECT"

WEEB KILLER

Maintains ita Superiority over all Rivals

for permanently destroying vegetation on Walks, Carriage
Drives, Ash Tennis Courts, Stonework grown green, Ac.
Used at Keu> Gardens, Royal Horticultural Gardens, ttc, dec,

COMPLETE SATISFACTION GUARANTEED

to all using "Weed Killer bearing our Trade Mark,
without which none is genuine. Refuse Imitatio?u.

Price— Gallon 2/, 5 gaL 1/9, 10 gal. 1/6, 40 gal. 1/4 per gal.

SPECIAL QUOTATIONS FOR QUANTITIES.

Carriage paid 5 gals, and upwards. Trial sa mple pos ' free.

DISTRIBUTOR for
" Perfect" Weed Killer-
Holds 40 gallons. Wrought-hon.
frame-work neatly painted. Gal-
"^SSE&Y7 r^SE^- vanized tubes with tap to regulate

V^^Sfe'-'X-L^""-3! flow. Gives spray 36 ins. wide.
-4NMMMHMIRWI Price £4 net on rail Glasgow.
Sole Manufacturers: The

HORTICULTURAL & AGRICULTURAL CHEMICAL COY-

Principal Agents: BLACKLEY, YOUNG & CO.,
103 HOLM STREET, GLASGOW.

SOLD BY SEEDSMEN AND FLORISTS.

GISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading
Gardeners since 1S59 against Red Spider, Mildew,
Thrips, Green Fly, and other Blight. 1 to 2 ounces to the
gallon of soft- water ; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines
and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake against
American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended
to supersede it. Boxes, Is.. 3s., and 10s. id.

GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on
wet ground. Boxes, id. and Is., from the Trade.
Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY
(Limited). London.

TANNED NETTING, 2 yards wide, \\d. per
yard, 10s. per 100 yards; 4 yards wide, 3a!. per yard, 20s.
per 100. NEW TWINE NETTING, 1 inch mesh, 1 yard wide,
2d. ; 2 yards wide, id. ; 4 yards wide. Hd. per yard. COTTON
NETTING, 54 inches wide, 9 meshes to square inch. Id. per
yard— best article to protect Fruit Trees, &c. HEXAGON
NETS, 72 meshes to inch, i$d. per yard.
W. CULLINGFORD, 127, Field Road, Forest Gate, London, E.

Telescopic Ladders.
Telescopic Steps.
Telescopic Trestles.
Convertible Ladder Steps.
Universal Step Ladders.
Turnover Step Ladders.
Folding Pole Ladders,
g Lattice Steps, very light.
Umpire's Step Chairs.

Great variety of designs
and sizes. JS zes 5ft. to 60ft.
Order direct, carriage paid.
Price Lists free.

HEATHNIAN & CO.,

2, EN DELL STREET; -and
11, HIGH STREET,

LONDON, W.C.

HILL & SMITH'S

BLACK VARNISH

for Preserving Ironwork, Wood, or Stone.

(Registered Trade Mark.)

An excellent substitute for oil paint, at one-third the cost.

Used in all London Parka, at Windsor, and Kew Gardens,
and on every important estate in the Kingdom. Has stood
the test of forty years' trial. Requires no mixing ; can be
applied cold by any ordinary labourer.

Price Is. 6d. per gallon at the manufactory, or carriage-paid
to any railway station, 1*. Sd. per gallon in casks of 36, 20, or
10 gallons.

_ _ _ ,T Every Cask bears the above

CA U T I O j\ . Registered Trade Mark. Beware

of cheap imitations.

HILL & SMITH,

Brlerley Ironworks, Dudley ;

118, Queen Victoria Street, London, EX. ;

47. Dawson Street. Dublin.

SAVE YOUR FIRE

and keep a fixed temperature under glass, by using
"FRIGI DOMO," made of prepared hair and
wool : a perfect non-conductor of cold.

PROTECT^ your JPLANTS]

REGISTEreT "" Trade'MARKJ

FRIGI DOM*

LGISTEReo " ^ trade MAR

R PRICE LIST &. PARTICULARS ADORES

RENJAMINUDGINGTONI

U 2 Duke ST kJ London Bk/dge\

GARDEN REQUISITES. — Sticks, Labels,
Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic Work,
Manures. &c. Cheapest Prices of
WATSON and SCULL, 90. Lower Thames Street, London, K.O.

TRYLEETE'SOfp

ON IRON.WOOD & STONE
ALL COLORS CASH

A. LEETE&C? PAINT WORKS,! 29 LONDON R? SE

July 27, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

117

CO.

R. HALLIDAY &

HOTHOUSE BUILDERS and HOT-WATER ENGINEERS,

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER.

Vineries, Stoves, Greenhouses. Peach Houses, Forcing Houses, &c, constructed on our improved plan, are the

perfection of growing houses, and for practical utility, economy, and durability cannot be equa'Jed. We only do one class of work,
and that the vert best. ' , ■'

Conservatories and Winter Gardens desianed architecturally correct without the assistance of any one out of our firm,
from the smallest to the largest. Hot-water Heating Apparatus, with really reliable Boilers, erected, and success guaranteed
in all cases. Melon Frames, Sashes, Hotbed Boxes, &c, always in stock.

Plans, Estimates and Catalogues free. Customers waited on in any part of the Kingdom.

Our Maxim is and always has been —

MODERATE CHARGES. FIRST-CLASS WORK. THE BEST MATERIALS.

CHEAP FRAMES.

PORTABLE CUCUMBER FRAMES.

K HALLIDAY and CO. desire to draw
'• special attention to their Cucumber Frames, of which
they always have a large stock, ready glazed and painted.
They are made of the beat materials, and can be put together
and taken apart in a few minutes by any one.
Prices delivered free to any station in England.

l-light frame, 4 ft. by 6 ft.
2-light frame, 8 ft. by 6 ft.
3-light frame, 12 ft. by 6 ft.
6-light frame, 24 ft. by 6 ft.

Larger sizes at proportionate prices.

R. . HALLIDAY & CO.,

Hothouse Builders and Engineers, Royal Horticultural Works,

Mlddleton, Manchester.

London Agent — Mr. H. Skelton, Seedsman, &c, 2, Holloway

Koad, N.

LONDON

OFFICES

/33,.o/4/ C#/V/VO/V Sr LO/VOO/V.E. C.

21-OZ, and 15-OZ. Foreign, of above sizes, in boxes of 100 feet

and 200 feet super.
English Glass, cut to buyers' sizes, at lowest prices, delivered

free and sound in the country, in quantity.
" HORTICULTURAL PUTTY." Own Special Manufacture.

GEORGE FARMILOE A SONS,

Lead, Glass. Oil. and Colour Merchants,
84, St. John Street, West Smlthfleld, London, E.C.

Stock Lists and Prices on application. Please quote Chronicle.

WORTH KNOWING. — For the use of
Domestic Servants, Children, and Institutions, we
sold during 1888. of our D design DEDSTEADS and WOODS'
PATENT WOVEN STEEL WIRE MATTRESSES combined.
3200. Carriage paid to any Railway Station. Liberal Dis-
count. Send for a " Book of French and Persian Designs," to
THE LONGFORD WISE CO. (Limited), Warrington.

PRIL SHOWER" WATERING POT

'A:

dripless roses, all sizes. Price lists post free from WILLIAM
CURTIS, Patentee and Sole Manufacturer, Arcade, Ipswich.

B0ULT0N&PAUL,

HORTICULTURAL
BUILDERS,

NORWICH.

No. 75.— MELON & CUCUMBER FRAMES

A large stock of the Frames ready, made of the most durable
red deal, and are the best to bi* had. The Frames are of 1 j inch
boards, 24 inches high at back, aud 13 inches high in front,
bolted at the corners, easily taken to pieces if required. The
Lights are 2 inches thick, with iron bar across, and one handle
at the top. Glazed with best English 21-oz. glass, and painted
four coats.

Length. Width.

1 Light Frame, 4 ft. by 6 ft.
» 8 ,, by 6 „
» 12 „ by 6 „
» 1G » by 6 „
„ 20 „ by 6 „
» 24 „ by 6 „

CARRIAGE paid to any station in England and Wales.
Also to Dublin, Cork, Londonderry, Glasgow, and Edin-
burgh, or stations equivalent.

CATALOGUES POST-FREE.

BECKETT BROS.,

CHELMSFORD.

Cash

Prices,

Carriage

Packing

FREE.

(£2

0 0

5 0

10 0

16 0

{ 8

0 0

grTIS^K-^-y^spyiOe^^*

Price Lists, Plans, and Estimates Free.

EW SEASON'S ARCHANGEL MATS.

First shipment just arrived.— RAFFIA FIBRE. Bright
nd prime quality, all plaited. Prices on application.
JAMES T. ANDERSON. 135, Commercial Street, London. E

GLASS. CHEAP GLASS.

88. 6d. per 100 feet 15 oz.

12s. per 100 feet 21 oz. ...

Putty, 6s. 6</. per cwt.

Specialty, 17s. t$d. per cwt. ;

12X10, 18X12, 18X14, 24X14,
14x12. 20x12, 18X16, 24X16,
16x12, 16X14, 20x16, 24x18, &c.
White Lead, genuine, 21s. ; Our
. Paints ground in Oil, Stone Ochre.
20s. ; Oxford Ochre, 24s. ; Green, 16s. ; Black. 16s. per cwt. ;
Varnish, from 5s. dd. per gal. Paints and Varnish at very low
prices. } Flooring at 7s. 3d. per square ; Matching at 5s. id. ;
3x9 at 2£d. per foot run; 2x4 at ji. Doors, Mouldings,
Greenhouse Bars. Ironmongery Goods, Sec. Full Price List on
application to THE CHEAP WOOD COMPANY, 72, Bishops-
gate Street Within. London. E.C.

THE BEST REMEDY FOR INDIGESTION.

CAMOMILE PILLS.

Are confidently recommended as a simple but certain
remedy for

*•* INDIGESTION*^

See Testimonial, selected from hundreds :—

CROYDON, 1 88s.
" Having been a sufferer from Indi-
gestion for many years, I a?n happy to
say that I have at last not only been
relieved but perfectly cured by using
Norton's Pills, and confidently recom-
mend them to all suffering from the same.
"/. WILKINSON:'

For other Testimonials, see Monthly Magazines.
Sold everywhere, price is. i\d., 2s. §d. and lis.

MADE WITH BOILING WATER.

E P P S ' S

GRATEFUL- COMFORTING.

COCOA

MADE WITH BOILING MILK.

ESTATE SALES.

The Best County Medium for Advertising Sales of Estates is

THE "WORCESTER HERALD,"

ESTABLISHED 1794.

The Leading County Paper, Extensive circulation among the
upper and middle classes in Worcestershire and adjoining
counties. Advertisers would do well to forward for reference
aud distribution plans and particulars of Estates, Catalogues of
Machinery, Furniture, Books, and other Property advertised in
the Columns of the *' HEKALD."

Sales of Stick and Agricultural Effects.

The" WORCESTER HERALD " is the most effective organ
for giving publicity to announcements of this class. It is the
leading Agricultural Paper in the County, and Circulates
most extensively among Agriculturalists in and around
Worcestershire.

Farms to let.

Land Agents, Estate Managers, and all having Farms to Let
would do well to advertise in the " WORCESTER HERALD,"
the Leading County Paper. Specially adapted for bringing
such notices before Tenant Farmers. Large circulation.
Moderate charge.

Situations Vacant and Wanted.

For producing results the "WORCESTER HERILD" is
recognised as a specially good medium. Cheap Rates.
Apply for terms.
SPECIMEN FREE. Price 2d.
Published Friday for Saturday.

Offices s — 72. HIGH STREET. WORCESTER.
New Edition, corrected up to date.

COTTAGER'S CALENDAR of

By the late Sir Joseph
Pixtox, Ml'.

Reprinted Iroru the Gardeners' Chronicle.

Price 3d. ; post-tree 3|d.

Twenty-five copies, 5s. ; SO, 10s. ; 100, 20«.

Parcels of not less than 2b delivered carriage free in London only.

Not less than 100 carriage paid to any part of Great Britain.
W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, London. W.C.

rpiIE

J- GARDEN OPERATIONS.

118

THE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

[July 27, 1889.

THE GARDENERS'

GHI

.dvert

I0NIGLE

Scale of Charges for A

ising.

Head Line charged c

s two.

4 Lines . . £0 3 0

jines

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AND SIXPENCE FOR EVERT ADDITIONAL LINE.

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Page, £8; Half Page, £4 10s. ; Column. £3.

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26 words, including name and address, Is. 6d.t

and Qd. for every additional line (about 9 words) or part

of a line.

THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE PREPAID.

This scale does not apply to announcements of Vacant
Situations, which are charged at the ordinary scale.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.— Advertisers are cautioned
against having Letters addressed to Initials at Post-offices, as
all Letters so addressed are opened by the authorities and
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Births. Deaths and Marriages, 5s. each insertion.

Advertisements for the current week must reach the Office by

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Jongkindt Coninck, J. Kicks, T. Moore, C. Naudin, B. Oliveira,
H. Ortgies, E. Pynaert, E. Rodigas, O. Thomas, A. van Geert
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GARDENING APPOINTMENTS.

Mr. F. J. Debnam, pleasure-ground Foreman
at Blenheim Palace Gardens, Woodstock, has
been appointed Head Gardener to H. D. Middle-
ton, Esq., Dissington Hall, Newcastle-on-Tyne.

Mr. J. Carpenter, for the last ten years
Head Gardener to J. H. Tod, Esq., Nascot
Grange, Watford, has been re-engaged by H.
Blackburn, Esq., who has recently taken pos-
session of the same.

Mr. Henry Bickerstaff, late Foreman at
Redleaf, Tunbridge Wells, has been appointed
Head Gardener to J. Henderson, Esq., Effing-
ham Park, Crawley Down, Sussex.

In the list given last week, it was stated that
" Mr. Reid " was appointed to Eastwood Park
Gardens. This should read " Mr. Rae."

PARTNERSHIP. — (Nurseryman, Seedsman,
Florist, Fruit-grower, &c.) Gentleman of good social
position would be willing to take an active part and introduce
Capital in a really first-class old-established Business. Must
bear the strictest investigation. Near London preferred. —
Apply in confidence, giving full particulars, to O. P. Q., Gar-
deners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

WANTED, a HEAD WORKING GAR-
DENER. Under Gardener kept. Must have long
character. Age between 30 and 40. Wife must be a good
laundress, and take part of Family's Washing. No encum-
brances. Wages £1 a week and cottage.— Colonel TOWNS-
HEND, Eddington House, Hungerford.

WANTED, a SINGLE-HANDED GAR-
DENER. — Middle-aged ; must understand Vines,
Cucumbers, Flower and Kitchen Garden; rooms on the pre-
mises; total abstainer preferred. — Apply, by letter or person-
ally, between 5 to 7 P.M., T., Ravenscourt, Hamilton Road,
Ealing, W.

WANTED, AT ONCE, a thorough good
PROPAGATOR and GROWER, to produce large
quantities of Flowering Plants, Cut Flowers, the Forcing of
Bulbs, and where a large trade is done in both brancnes.
Character must be trustworthy. State age, if married, also
wages and references, &c. Also TWO or THREE young MEN,
as Improvers, to work under Foremen. — Apply to ENOCH
WHITE, The Royal Bournemouth Nurseries, Bournemouth.

WANTED, AT ONCE, a General PRO-
PAGATOR of In and Outdoor Nursery Stock. Must
be a successful budder of Rosea. — Apply, stating wages
required and full particulars, to H. ENGLISH, Clevedon
Nurseries, Clevedon.

WANTED, for the Channel Islands, a young
MAN, willing to make himself generally useful in a
Nursery where Cucumbers, Tomatos, ami Grapes, as well as
outside Fruits are Grown for Market, and where it is desired
to Grow Cut Flowers, in quantity, for the same purpose. Must
have had experience in Forcing Lily of the Valley, Tuberoses,
&c— Apply, stating experience, age, and wages expected, to
A., Thomas S. Ware, HaleFarm Nurseries, Tottenham, London.

WANTED, a young MAN, well up in Palms,
Ferns, and Aspidistras, and who can Grow good
Bedding and General Flowering Stuff, and Cut Flowers, and
take charge in Advertiser's absence. — Must bring good re-
ferences, and fullest particulars of experience to J. W. SILVER,
Streatham and Norbury Nurseries, S.W.

Plant Grower.

WANTED, a Single MAN, accustomed to
Grow Ferns, Carnations, Pelargoniums. Bouvardias,
&c. Must be a successful man, and used to Market Work.
Wages £1 per week, with Lodgings.— MANAGER, Redlands
Nursery, Emsworth, Hants.

WANTED AT ONCE, ROSE BUDDER.—
WILL TAYLER, Osborn Nursery, Hampton,
Middlesex.

WANTED, a respectable young Man, as
INVOICE CLERK, permanently.— Must be good at
Arithmetic, and a neat, quick Writer. None need apply
unless well adapted. Also superior KITCHEN GARDEN
LABOURER — one who has been wholly engaged amongst
vegetables.— H. CANNELL AND SONS, Swanley, Kent.

WANTED, a young MAN, for a Florist's
Shop. Must be a good Wreath and Spray Maker.—
Stateage, experience, and wages expected, JOHN CHARLTON,
37. Ye Pantiles, Tunbridge Wells.

WANTED, FLORIST, good Bouquet and
Wreath Hand. Wages 25s. per week,— J. R. PEAR-
SON and SONS, Chilwell Nurseries. Notts.

WANT PLACES.

Letters addressed " Poste Restante" to initials or to fictitious
names are not forwarded, but are at once returned to ths
writers.

NOTICE TO ADVERTISERS.— In many instances
Remittances in Payment of Repeat Advertisements are
received without name, address, or anything beyond the
postmark on envelope by which to identify the sender ; this
in all cases causes a very great deal of trouble, and fre-
quently the sender cannot be identified at all.

Advertisers are requested xvhen Remitting to give their
Names and Addresses, and also a Reference to the Adver-
tisements ivhich they wish repeated.

POSTAL ORDERS.— To Advertisers, Subscribers, and
Others.— It is very important in remitting by Postal Order
that it should be filled in payable at -No. 42, DRURY
LANE, to W. RICHARDS, as, unless themimberof a
Postal Order is known, and it has been made payable at a
particular office, and to a particular person, it is impossible
to prevent any person into whose hands it may fall from
negotiating it.

N.B. — The best and safest means of Remitting is by
POST-OFFICE MONEY ORDER.

To Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring Land Agents,

STEWARDS. BAILIFFS. Or GARDENERS.

Gardeners, Foresters, Land Stewards.

RICHARD SMITH and cToT
beg to announce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gardeners, seeking situations, and that they
will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars,
&c. — St. John's Nurseries, Worcester.

Gardeners, Farm-Bailiffs, Foresters, &c.

GARDENER (Head), and BAILIFF; age 50.
—Mr. SpOTTISWOODE, late of Combe Bank, Sevenoaks,
wishes to recommend his Bailiff and Head Gardener, J. Bolton.
Left through letting of estate, of which J. B. had the entire
management for 16j years. Large gardens. A successful
Grower of all Fruits, Flowers, and Vegetables. — W. H.
SPOTTISWOODE, Esq., Her Majesty's Printing Office, East
HardiDg Street, London, E.C. ; or, J. BOLTON, Letton, R.S.O.,
Hereford.

GARDENER (Head).— Age 43; thoroughly
understands his work ; also Land and Stock if required.
Good references.— GARDENER, Mr. J. S. Bailey, 124, Man-
chester Road, Tyldesley, Manchester.

GARDENER (Head).— Age 34, married, one
boy; good testimonials. Served his time in the best
Gardens in the kingdom.— GARDENER, 83, Arnold Road, Old
Basford, Nottingham.

GARDENER (Head). — Seeks re-engagement.
Very steady, industrious, and thoroughly competent.
First-class testimonials. — For particulars, apply, T. LEWIS,
Gwydir Cottage, Arthog, Dolgelly.

GARDENER (Head).— Age 36 ; thoroughly
experienced in all branches of Gardening. Highest
testimonials and references as to ability and character. —
JAMES HOUSTON, 22, James Street, Edinburgh.

GARDENER (Head), where two or three are
kept.— Age 26.— W. Bugby, Ditcham Park, Petersfield,
will be pleased to recommend his Foreman, Arthur Dean, as
above. Three years in present situation. Twelve years'
experience.

GARDENER (Head). — No children; great
practical experience as a Fruit, Flower, and Vegetable
Grower. Understands Land and Stock. Highest testimonials
as to character and ability. — ARMSTRONG, 21, Charlton
Road, Harlesden, N.W.

GARDENER (Head). — Age 32, married;
highest references. Three years' excellent character
from last place. Large experience in Early and Late Forcing
of Fruit and Flowers in quantity. Good knowledge of Orchids.
— R. C, 22, Lyveden Road, Blackheath, S.E.

GARDENER (Head).— Age 34 ; well up in
Fruits, Plants, &c, and a special knowledge of the
Culture and Botanical Classification of Alpines, Herbaceous
Plants, Florists' Flowers, &c. Wife understands Poultry,
Incubator or otherwise. — ALPINA, E. Godwin, Buckland,
Faringdon, Berks.

July 27, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

119

GARDENER (Head), or otherwise.— Age 32,
married; thoroughly understands Vines, Flower, Fruit,
and Kitchen Gardens. Good character from present employer.
— S. ALLEN, Stockbridge, Hants.

GARDENER (Head).— Age 39, married;
thoroughly experienced in all branches. Thirteen
years in present situation. Good references. Can undertake
the Management of Gasworks for Lighting the Mansion if
required.— E. DALE, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Welling-
ton Street, Strand, W.C. __

GARDENER (Head).— Age 46, married,
family four girls-, has served over twenty-five years as
Foreman and Head in Noblemen's and Gentlemen's Gardens.
Thoroughly experienced all round, including Grape, Peach,
and other Fruit Growing and Forcing, and Grower and Exhi-
bitor of Orchids (particularly), Ferns, Stove and Greenhouse
Plants. Unexceptional references.— GARDENER, Whissen-
dine, Oakham, Rutland.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 30;
thoroughly practical in all branches. Five years' good
character.— J. EGGLETON, High Street, Ponder's End,
Middlesex,

GARDENER (Head Working) ; age 37,
married, one child.— A Gentleman wishes to recom-
mend his Gardener; twenty years' practical experience in
good establishments. Thoroughly understands Gardening in
all branches. — H., Crofton Court Cottages, Orpington, Kent,

GARDENER (Head Working),— Age 34,
married; thorough, active, good, all-round man; also
Land and Stock, if required. Highest references. — A. SHAD-
WELL. Hythe, Hants.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 30,
married ; thoroughly competent and trustworthy.
Good references. Abstainer.— C. G. BOXALL, High Street,
Cosham, Hants.

C GARDENER (Head Working). — Age 39,
T married ; good experience in Forcing all kinds of Fruit,
Stove and Greenhouse Plants; also Flower and Kitchen
Gardening. Five years good character from present employer.
— JNO. CLARKE, Thornes House Gardens, Wakefield.

GARDENER (Head Working), where
Decorative Plants are a specialty ; Fruit and Kitchen
Gardening, &c. — Age 40, married, two children ; ten and a
half years in last situation. First-class references.— GEORGE
PICKER, 2, Stone Pit Cottages, Nettleham Road, Lincoln.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 28,
married, one child ; thorough knowledge of Vines, &c,
Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Herbaceous and Kitchen Gar-
dening. Highlyrecommended by employer. — J. D.,82, Harmood
Street, Kentish Town, N.W.

GARDENER (Head Working); married.—
I am anxious to thoroughly recommend my present
Head Gardener. He is steady, hardworking, trustworthy, and
an excellent Gardener. Understands Stove and Greenhouse
Plants, and Orchids well. Out of London preferred. At liberty
at any time.— T. M. SHUTTLEWORTH, 6, Hall Road, N.W.

GARDENER (Head Working), in a good
establishment. — Age 40, married ; twenty-five years
of thorough practical experience in producing the Choicest
Flowers, Fruits, and Vegetables, Advertiser will be pleaded
to treat with any Nobleman, Lady, or Gentleman requiring
the services of a thorough practical man. Ten years' unex-
cptional character ; either personal or by letter. — E. NEVE,
Bushey Heath, Herts.

GARDENER (Head Working, or good
Single-handed).— Middle-aged, single ; good expe-
rience in Early and Late Forcing, Plant Growing. Good
references. — E. F., Mrs. Jarmans, East End, Finchley, N.

ARDENER (Head Working, or Single-

HA.NDED). — Age 39, married ; thorough all-round ex-
perience. First-class references. — J. SNOW, 2, Avenue
Road, Woodford Wells, Essex.

GARDENER (Head), or GARDENER and
BAILIFF; age 42, married, one girl (age 15). — Adver-
tiser offers his services to any Nobleman, Lady, or Gentle-
man, requiring a good practical man. Thirty years' references.
—JOHN HAYNES, Beaconsfleld Villas, New Maldon, Surrey.

GARDENER.— Age 30, single; eight years'
experience with Rare, Hardy, -Herbaceous, and Alpine
Plants; also with Fruit and Vegetables. Private place pre-
ferred. Good character. — C, Gardeners' Chronicle Office,
41, Wellington Street, Strand. W.C.

GAKDENER (Single-handed or where two
are kept). — Married, one child ; excellent recommen-
dation.— JAS. GOLD, High Ashurst Gardens, Dorking.

GARDENER (Single-handed) or otherwise.
—Married ; good references.— G. ETHERINGTON,
North Road, Soul hall, Middlesex.

GARDENER (Single-handed), or with
help— Thoroughly understands Glass, Fruit, Flower and
Kitchen Garden. Good character.— J. KEMP, Junction Road
Warley, Brentwood, Essex.

GARDENER (Single-handed). — Age 25,
single ; Tomatos, Cucumbers, Melons, Vines, Flowers,
and Kitchen Garden. Good character. Left through death.
—A. BOOKER, 54, Fullerton Road, East Hill, Wandsworth,
London, S.W.

GARDENER (Single-handed or where help
is given).— Age 27, single; twelve years' experience,
Inside and Out. Thoroughly understands the Management
of Fruit, Flowers, and Vegetables. Good references from last
and previous places.— C. ANDERSON, Cedars, East Sheen.

GARDENER (Single-handed, or good
Second). — Age 26; ten years' experience in all branches.
Two and a half years' good character.— T. FEAVER, 1, St.
Ellen's, St. John's Hill, Sevenoaks.

GARDENER (Single-handed or Second).
Age 26, single ; twelve years' experience. Inside and
Out. Seven years in last situation. Good character, — H.
BEAMS, 2, Runfold Villas, Tudor Road, Norbiton, Surrey.

GARDENER (Single-handed, or Second).
— Age 23 ; ten years' experience in Houses, Flower and
Kitchen Garden. Excellent references as to personal character
and ability.— G. BLAKE, Brincliffe Lower Cottage, near
Sheffield.

C\ ARDENER (Second), good Establishment.

" ^ — Highly recommended, both Inside and Out,— J. L.(
5, Queen's Road, Stoke.

GARDENER (Second), in good place.—
Age 24 ; energetic. Excellent character.— A. MOSS.
27, Cardiff Road, Newport, Mon.

GARDENER (Second), or otherwise.—
Age 27, single at present; eleven years' experience in
Houses and Outdoor Work. Excellent character. State
Wages.— J. LNGRAMS, Crockham Hill, Edenbridge, Kent.

GARDENER (Second). — Age 22; eight
years' experience Indoors and Out. Three and a half
years' good character from present employer. — B., 158, Rom-
niany Koad, West Norwood, S.E.

GARDENER (Second).— Thoroughly under-
stands Orchids, Stove, Greenhouse, Flower and Kitchen
Gardens. Two and a half years in present place, four previous.
Abstainer. Highly recommended.— W., 295, Goldhawk Road,
Shepherd's Bush, W.

GARDENER (Under), Flower and Kitchen
Garden, or Pleasure-grounds. — Age 20 ; good character.
— M. HIZZEV. 84, Wellenton Road. Forest Gate, E.

GARDENER (Under), in the Houses.—
Age 20; eight years' experience.- Good character. —
F. WICKHAM, 5. Gordon Terrace, Burgess Hill.

GARDENER (Under), where three or four
are kept, Inside and Out. — Age 24; good reference. —
W. STRODE, Eastbury Manor, Guildford.

GARDENER (Under).— Age 18; under-
stands Lawn and Kitchen Garden, and slight knowledge
of Inside Work. Eighteen months' <:ood character.— J. BASH-
FORD, The Grove St.ibles, Barnes, Surrey.

GARDENER (Under), in Private Establish-
ment, Outside and In.— Age 24 ; has had twelve months
in Houses. — J. CUMMING, Bishopsteignton, Teignmouth,
Devon.

GARDENER (Under), where two or three
are kept ; ,or under a Foreman, in Greenhouses. — Age
24 ; good character.— A. COOK, 4, Thick's Cott, Park Street,
Camberley, Surrey.

GARDENER (Under) or IMPROVER, in a
Gentleman's Garden.— Age 19; four years' good cha-
racter.—R. W., 53, Furzefield Road, Blackheath, S.E.

OREMAN, in the Houses.— Age 24; ten

year's experience in good places — last two years as
Foreman. Thorough knowledge of Plant and Fruit Culture.
Good testimonials as to personal character and abilities. —
H. BAZELEY, Pinkneys Green, Maidenhead.

FOREMAN, in Large Private Establishment.
—Married, no family ; Wife good Laundress if required.
Well up in Fruit and Plant Growing. Good references. —
State wages, particulars, &c— GARDENER, Newcroft, Hil-
lingdon, Uxbridge.

To Nurserymen.

FOREMAN (Working).— Thoroughly up in
Growing Tomatos, Cucumbers, Flowers, Vegetables,
Making Wreaths, Bouquets, &e. — N. W., Gardeners' Chronicle
Office, 41. Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

To the Trade.

FOREMAN, PROPAGATOR, GROWER,
and SALESMAN. — Many years' practice in leading firms,
having grown in quantity the following : — Tea Roses, Eucharis,
Gardenias, Stephanotis, Hydrangeas, Azaleas, Camellias,
Genistas, Callas, Cyclamen, Rhodanthe, Chrysanthemums,
Mignonette, Bouvardias, Pelargoniums, Poinsettias, Tree Car-
nations, Tomatos, and Cucumbers; also Conifers?, Clematis,
Rhododendrons, &c. Good Wreath and Bouquet hand. —
FOREMAN, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

T^OREMAN, PROPAGATOR, or GROWER

JL (good), in Market Nursery. — Age 28, married. Good
references.— GEO. H. BELL, 3, Lime Cottages, Whitta Road,
Manor Park, E.

To Nurserymen and Florists.

FOREMAN, PROPAGATOR, and GROWER
of Plants, Cut Flowers (in quantity), for Market ; also
Fruit. — First-class hand at Budding and Grafting. Twelve
years' practical experience. Excellent references. — J. H., 39,
St. Mark Street, Gloucester.

FOREMAN, or FIRST JOURNEYMAN,
Private Establishment. — Age 25; well versed in Fruit,
Plaut Growing, &c. Two years' excellent character. — ALBERT
PEARCE, Duke Cottage, Wormley, Broxbourne, Herts.

FOREMAN, or good JOURNEYMAN.—
Good references from previous employers. Leaving
present place through no fault.— G. J., W. Dean, Post Office,
Shirley, Croydon.

NURSERY FOREMAN, PROPAGATOR, or
SALESMAN, Inside or Out.— Age 38 ; first class re-
ferences.— C. WILLIAMS, 139, Handcroft Road, Croydon.

PROPAGATOR.— Age 25 ; ten years' prao-

J- tical experience in Roses, Rhododendrons, Coniferu;,
Clematis, Soft-wooded Stuff, Sea.- G. WATERS, Coombe
Wood Nursery, Kingston Hill, Surrey.

JOURNEYMAN, Inside and Out.— Age 23;
nine years' experience in good Gardens. Good character.
T. T., Bradshott Lodge, Selbourne, Hants.

JOURNEYMAN.— Age 22; five and a half
years in the Houses. Four years at Lockerby Hall,
Romsey ; one year and a half in present situation. Highly
recommended.— J. HAYES, Creech Grange, Wareham.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 22;
six years' experience in all branches. Excellent charac-
ters from previous Gardeners.— J. G. WALKER, Swalcliffe
Park, near Banbury, Oxon.

IMPROVER, Indoors, in a Market Nursery.—
Age 22; abstainer. Preference given to a Fruit Forcing
Establishment.— C. B., 1, Laburnam Cottages, Pinner Road,
Sudbury, Middlesex.

IMPROVER, in a Gentleman's Garden.—
Age 18; strong, active, and willing. Inside and Out.
Three years' experience. Premium given. Good character. —
GARDENER, Sunnyfield, Hampstead Heath, N.W.

IMPROVER, under Glass ; age 18.— T. Hare,
Wellingore, Grantham, would be glad to recommend a
strong youth. Bothy preferred. — W. L., The Gardens, Wel-
lingore, Grantham.

rpO GENTLEMEN, &c.— Situation wanted by

JL a respectable Man. Glass preferred. Well up in Plants.
F. S., 2, Mansfield Villas, Mead, Child s Hill, Hendon.

TO NOBLEMEN and GENTLEMEN.— G.
Osbobn, Head Gardener, Southgate House, Southgate,
N., can strongly recommend a young man to Noblemen's and
Gentlemen's gardeners, for the Houses, under the Foreman. —
Address as above.

TO MARKET NURSERYMEN. — Young
Man seeks a situation in Market Nursery. Well up in
Fruit and Plant Growing. Good character. — A. R., Mjts. Brock,
Turnford, near Broxbourne, Herts.

TO NURSERYMEN.— Wanted, by a young
Man (age 21), who has served three years' apprenticeship
in one of the leading Nurseries in the country, and fifteen
months' experience since, a situation in a Large Nursery,
where he may have a chance of still further improving himself.
Satisfactory references. — W. J. W., 44, King's Road, Reading.

TO NURSERYMEN.— Advertiser will under-
take the Designing and Carrying-out Works in connec-
tion with Parks, Pleasure-grounds, &c. — MAY, Victoria
Terrace, Walton-on-Thames.

FLORAL ARTIST and DECORATOR, First-
class. — Age 25 ; will be disengaged in autumn. Distance
no object. Undeniable testimonials. Well-known in the
trade.— C, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C,

TRAVELLER, or HEAD SHOPMAN in Seed
and Nursery Trade. — Age 32 ; eighteen years' experience
in London and Provincial Houses. Highest references. No
objection to American or Colonial appointment. — T.*H. A.,
Lucombe, Pince, & Co., Exeter Nursery, Exeter.

SHOPMAN, ot MANAGER. — Age 30;
thorough knowledge of Seed, Bulb, Plant, and Flower
Trade. Good references.— WM. HARRIS, Hammerwood, East
Grinstead, Sussex.

SHOPMAN (Assistant). — Good references and
experience in Bulb and Seed Trade, &c. Would fill up
time in other Departments of a Nursery if required. — F.
WHITE, 5, Hope Terrace, Acton Green. Chiswick, W.

SHOPMAN (Assistant), or" INVOICE

O CLERK.— Well up in Seeds, Bulbs, Cut Flower and Plant
Trade. Good references.— A. GOLDRING, 26, Port Hall
Place, Brighton.

O FLORISTS.— Wanted to place a youDg

Lady in the Florist Business. Willing to give a time for
practice. Tall ; good appearance. — Kindly reply, Miss
BUTLER, The Gardens, Harston, Cambs.

HANDY MAN.— Married; Painter, Glazier,
Carpenter, and Hot-water Apparatus, &c. Nine
years' good character as above. — J. COPFIN, 53, Cumberland
Market, Regent's Park, N.W.

HOLLOWAY'S OINTMENT and PILLS.—
Ever useful. The afflicted by illness should look their
diseases fully in the face, and at once seek a remedy for them.
A short search will convince the most sceptical that these
noble medicaments have afforded ease, comfort, nud oftentimes
complete recovery, to the most tortured sufferers. The Oint-
ment will Cure all descriptions of Sores, Wounds, Bad Legs,
Sprains, Eruptions, Erysipelas. Rheumatism, Gout, and Skin
affections. The Pills never fail in correcting and strengthen-
ing the Stomach, and in restoring a deranged Liver to a whole-
some condition, in rousing torpid Kidneys to increase their
secretion, and in re-establishing the natural healthy activity
of the Bowels. Holloway's are the remedies for complaints of
all classes of society.

120

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[July -21, 1889.

CADBURY'S COCOA
sustains against Fatigue — In-
creases Muscular Strength —
Gives Physical Endurance and
Staying Power.

CADBURY'S COCOA

is easy to digest, delicious in
flavour, and jull of health-
imparting properties. It is
absolute';/ pure Cocoa, itn-
tanpercd to it//.

A FEW OF THE MANY COOD REASONS WHY CADBURY'S COCOA ENJOYS SUCH WORLD-WIDE POPULARITY.

It is guaranteed to be Pure Cocoa.

It is mide instantly with Boiling Milk or
Water.

It is not reduced in value by the addition of
Starch, Sugar, &c.

It is specially rich in flesh-forming and strength-
sustaining prine'ples.

WARNING.

It is a gentle stimulant, and sustains against
hunger and bodily fatigue.

In the whole process of manufacturing Cad-
bury 's Pure Cocoa, the automatic machinery
employed obviates the necessity for its
being once touched by the human hand.

When asking for CADBURY'S COCOA be careful to avoid FOREIGN COCOAS sold as pure, which are
adulterated with alkali. This may be detected by the dark colour and the scent, when a tin is freshly opened.

It contains all the delicious aroma of the
natural article, without the excessive pro-
portions of fat.

It is delicious, nutritious, digestible, comfort-
ing, and a refined beverage, suitable for all
seasons of the year.

Editorial Communications should be addressed to " The Editor;" Advertisements and Business Letters to " The Publisher," at the Office. 41, Wellington Street, Corent Garden, London, W.C.
Printed by Wiluam Richards, at the Office of Messrs. Bradbury, Agnew, & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, Citv of London, in the County of Middlesex, and publish >d by the
iid William Richards at the Office. 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's Corent Garden in the said County.— Saturday, July 27, 18S9. Agent for Mauche,t r— Johk Heywood.

Established 1841

No. 136—Yol. VI. {STEHX}

SATUKDAY, AUGUST 3, 1889.

[Rest, as a Newspaper./ PRICE 3d -

\ POST-FREE, 3}d.

CONTENTS.

Acineta denaa

Acton Recreation Ground

Books —

Darwinism, an exposi-
tion (Wallace)
Orchids (Watson on)...

Cambridge Botanic Gar-
den, new houses at ...

Carnation and Picotee,
the .

Carnations, border

Caterpillar plague, the...

Children's flower show, a

Clianthus at Indeo

Colour in plants . .

Cultural memoranda

Fern-spores, longevity of J 40

Florists' flowers 138

Flower garden 133

Fruit crops, remarks on

the 126

Fruit register 140

Fruits under glass ... 133

Gardening appointments 147

Illustrations.

Berkeley, the late Rev. M. J

Cambridge Botanic Garden, new houses in the

Gardeners' Orphan Fund
,, Royal Benevolent
Institution
Hardy fruit garden
Japanese dwarfed trees
Kew, plants iu flower at

Kitchen garden

Lightning, effects of
Lilacs; a new race of ...
Obituary ; —

Berkeley, Rev. M. J.
Orchid-houses, the

,, notes

Orchids at Veitch's
Pelargoniums, colour in
PhalEeoopsis Marise
Plants and their culture
Plant notes
Primula obeonica
Spiraea kamtschatika ...
Stocks, East Lothian ...
Strawberry British Queen

Town trees

Vegetables

136
140
136
138
131
140
132

141
132
131
131
137
131
132
141
13t
126
139
140
134
139

135
126

Advertisers are specially requested to note, that,
under no circumstances whatever, can any
particular position be guaranteed for ad-
vertisements occupying less space than an
entire column.

Now ready, In cloth, lis. 6cL
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

X Vol. V., Third Series, JAN. to JUNE, 1889.

W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

THE GARDENERS1 CHRONICLE
IN AMERICA.

The Subscription to America, including Postage, is §4.30 for
Twelve Months.

Agent for America :— E. H. LIBBY, "The American Garden,"
761, Broadway, New York, to whom American Orders may
be sent.

SUTTON and CHEAM
HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.
The TWENTi'-SIXTH ANNUAL SHOW will be held on
WEDNESDAY, August 11. 1889, by .kind permission of H.
Lindsay Antrobus, Esq., in the ground* of Lower Cheam
House, Sutton. Bands of the W. Division Metropolitan
Police and S. M. D. Schools will Play during the Afternoon
and Evening. Mrs. Cubittwill Distribute the Prizes at 6 P.M.
At 8.30 P.M., a Grand Display of Fireworks by Messrs. T. C.
Brock & Co. Grounds open at '2 o'clock for Subscribers on
presenting their Tickets, and to the Public on payment of
'2s. <6d. Admission after 1 o'clock. Is, ; after 6 o'clock, Qd. ;
Children, Half-price. For further information, apply to

Mr. W. K. CHURCH. Secretary, Sutton.

CALNE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.
TWENTY-FIFTH ANNUAL EXHIBITION, AUGUST 20.
* 12 STOVE xnd GREENHOUSE PLANTS, £15. £10, £5.

6 ORNAMENTAL FOLIAGE PLANTS, £5, £2 10s., £1 5s.

8 EXOTIC FERNS. £3. £1 10s., 15s.

B FUCHSIAS, £3, £1 10s., 15*.

BOSES, 36 varieties, Cup or £5, 50s., 30s.

Apply to FRED. C. HENLY, Hon. Sec.

SHREWSBURY GREAT FLORAL FETE,
WFDNESDAY and THURSDAY, August 21 and 22.— For
Twenty Plants, £25, £20, £15. For Grapes. £60. Collection
of Fruit. £10. £6, £3. Collection of Vegetables, £5, £3, £2.
Messrs. Webb's Prizes for a Collection of Vegetables, £5. £3,
£2, £1. Valuable Prizes offered by Messrs. Sutton & Sons.
Schedules may be had from

Mes rs. ADNITT AND XVUNTON, Hon Sees., Shrewsbury.

For Autumn Sowing.

SUTTON'S FLOWEK OF SPRING
CABBAGE, the best for autumn sowing, dwarf compact
habit, firm heart, and stands well. Is. %d. per ounce. Post-free.
SUTTON'S MAGNUM BONUM CAULIFLOWER, un-
doubtedly the finest of all the Cauliflowers, 2s. 6rf. per packet.
Post-free. SUTTON'S WINTER WHITE OOS> LETTUCE,
one of the most valuable Lettuces yet offered, especially prized
for winter use, Is. per packet. Post-free.

Sutton's Seeds Genuine only Direct from
SUTTON AND SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen, READING.

ROMAN HYACINTHS, NARCISSUS,
LILIUMS, TUBEROSES, and many other FRENCH
BULBS, grown and offered by LOUIS BREMOND, tils.
Ollioules, France.

WHOLESALE LIST on application to WILLIAM DEN-
MAN, 7, Catherine Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C.

Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocus, Lilies, &c.

CG. VAN TUBEKGEN, Jun., Haarlem,
• Holland.— Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and
may be had free on application to

Messrs. R. SILBERRAD and SON, 25, Savage Gardens,
Crutched Friars, London. E.C.

STRAWBERRIES.— Leading kinds, in 3|-inch
pots, for immediate Planting or Potting on for Forcing.
Send for LIST.

FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Sheen Nurseries, Richmond,
Surrey ; and Flower Market, Covent Garden, W.C.

^TRAWBERRY RUNNERS for FORCING.

0 —Black Prince, Thury, Paxton, President, and other
favourite varieties. Descriptive LIST, with prices, ou appli-
cation. Sample of plants, post-free, 3d.

W. LOVEL and SON, Strawberry Planters, Driffield.

Strawberries, from the Garden of England.

GEOROE 15 UN YARD and CO. can now
offer very tine Runners and Plants in small pots of all
the fineat kinds. LIST free.

Old Nurseries, Maidstone.

Strawberries

CHARLES TURNER'S New and Descriptive
LIST is now ready, and may be had free on application.
The Royal Nurseries, Slough.

1 i* VARIETIES of STRAWBERRIES, which

JLvJ R. Gilbert considers the cream. They include all the
modern varieties, but the good old Standards are not forgotten.
In pots for forcing, and ordinary hnnd layers.

Send for R. G.'s STRAWBERRY LIST, where all are
described and priced, with Hints upon Culture. Warranted
true to name.

R. GILBERT, High Park, Stamford.

PEACHES, FIGS, MELONS, GRAPES,
CUCUMBERS, TO.MATOS. &c. Highest Market Prices
guaranteed. PromptCash — HEN'KY RIDES, Covent Garden.

HOOPER and CO (Limited) are in a
position to guarantee the highest Market Prices for
EUCHARIS. LILY of the VALLEY, ROSES, ORCHIDS,
ARUM LILIES, and every description of Cut Flowers. Com-
municate with Commission Department.
HOOPER AND CO. (Limited), Covent Garden, London, W.C.

JW. BARNHAMT7late of Squelch &
• Barnham) RECEIVES ON COMMISSION, GRAPES,
TOMATOS, and other Choice FRUITS ; also FLOWERS. His
personal attention securing highest Market Pricss. Account
Sales daily, and cheques at option. Baskets and labels found.
Long Market. Covent Garden, W.C.

MESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS,
NURSERYMEN. Sidcup, and 285, 286, 287, 288. Flower
Market, Covent Garden, London, W.C, are open to RECEIVE
CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS in any quantity
for their Commission Department. Boxes and Labels supplied.
Telegraph Address — ■• COMMISSION, SIDCUP,"

ANTED, Old Pots ARUMS, or Plants

from the Open. Quantity and price.
G. H.. Vineries. Mill Kniid. West Worthing.

WANTED, RUSES, RUSES, RUSES.
Best Damask and other ROSE BLOOMS. Beat
possible Market Price by return for really good Blooms,
suitable for Sprays and Button-holes.

H. BROOKES', Florist, &.-. 2. Anchor Street, Southport.

Gardeners' Orphan Fund.

MRS. TAYLOR and her Friends beg: to
THANK MOST SINCERELY, the GENTLEMEN and
GARDENERS who so kindly GAVE THEIR VOTES AND
INTEREST in Securing the ELECTION OF HER CHILD to
the above most excellent Charity.

CINERARIAS, Is. 6d. per dozeD, 10«. per 100.
Kelway's Model and oilier superb strains, carriage paid
for cash.— F. G. MILLER, St. John's Nursery, Eastbourne.

PRIMULAS, Double White, 5s. per doz., 35s.
per 100. Prices for quantities on application. Terms
cash with order.

TAYLOR and CO..
Nurserymen, Timperley, Cheshire.

KAFFRARIAN PALM. — Fresh Seeds in
July of PHCENIX RECLINATA.
Apply to Messrs. HURST and SON. 152, Houndsditch, E. ;
or to J. C. NELSON, Cambridge Nurseriei , Kaffraria, South
Africa. Nurserymen's CATALOGUES desired.

PALMS. — Leading decorative sorts in many
sizes, great quantities, and in finest health.
FRANCIS R. KINGHORN. Nurseryman, Richmond, Surrey,
and Flower Market, Covent Garden. W.C.

LILIES 0~F THE VALLEY!
English-grown 1
The best for early forcing, finest large flowers, and superior
in every respect to German crowns. Price per 1000, 10.000. to
100,000 on application.

T. .TANNOCH, Lily of the Valley Grower by Special Appoint-
ment to H.R.H. The Prince of Wales, Dersingham, King's
Lynn, Norfolk.

Dutch Bulbs Direct from the Growers.

ANT. RUOZEN and SON, of Overveen,
Haarlem, beg to state that their CATALOGUE for 1889,
containing details of their immense Collections of New, Rare,
and fine Bulbs and Plants (94 pages in English) is now ready,
and will, as usual, be sent post-free, on application to them-
selves or their Agents, Messrs. MERTENS AND CO., 3, Cross
Lane, St. Mary-at-Hill, London, E.C.

TJRIMULAS — PRIMULAS- PRIMULAS.—

X Twentieth year of distribution. Williams'Superb S,train,
1*. 6</. per dozen. 105. per 100. CINERARIAS, same price;
also double white PRIMULAS, 6rf. each. Carriage free for
cash with order.— JOHN STEVENS, The Nurseries. Coventry.

THE

TRADE.-

- ADIANTUM

CUNEATUM-

-a few Hundred

good Plant*, in 4jr*inch

pots

55s.

and Bus.

per 100, for casl

.—WILLIAM BARRON

AND

SON

Elvaston Nurseries, Borrow

a.«.h, Derby.

LAXTON'S NOBLE."— Strong Plants of
1 his celebralet Strawberry, well rooted in large 60*8,
price £1 per 100. Orders executed in rotation r'S far a«* unsold.
HERBERT TITE, Florist and Nurseryman, Hampton-
on-Thames.

CTRAWBEKRIES — STRAWBERRIES. -

O A splendid stock of the best and choicest varieties,
true to name. Inspection invited. Descriptive LIST free.
JOHN LAING AND SONS, Forest Hill Nurseries, London, S.E.

LAXTON'S NEW STRAWBERRIES
Must be grown by all.
De-criptire LIST, with prices of "Latest of All" (new,
18b9), "Noble," "A. F. Barron," "Commander," &c, now
ready. Six Kirst-class Certificates.

THOMAS LAXTON. Seed Grower, Bedford.

NICOTINE SOAP.— An effectual eradicator
of all insect pests affecting plants, without injury
to foliage. Jars, Is. orf., 35., bs. 6d. ; Tins, 15s. 6tf., 25s. , 95s.
All See ismen and Florists.

rP HOMSON'S IMPROVED VINE and PLANT

-L MANURE. — This valuable Manure is made only by us.
Every bag and tin has our name on it. To be had of all Nursery
and Seedsmen, and direct from us. 1 cwt. and over carriage
paid. London Agent— Mr. GEORGE, 10, Victoria Road, Putney.
WM. THOMSON AND SONS, Clovenfords, Galashiels, N.B.

DICKSON'S IMPROVED"" MUSH ROOM
SPAWN, most superior, now reduce 1 to bs. per bushel
of 1 i rakes. Circular with Cultural Notes and List of
Testimonials post-free on application.
DICKSONS (Limitid), The Royal Seed Warehouse. CHESTER.

122

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 3, 1889.

SALES by AUCTION.

CYPRIPEDIUM ELLIOTTIANUM.
CYPIUPEDIUM DAYANUM.
DENDROBIUM LOWE.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUC-
TION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent
Garden, W.C., on THURSDAY NEXT, August 8, at half-past
12 o'clock precisely, by order of Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., a
fine lot of imported plants in the best possible condition, of
CYPRIPEDIUM ELLIOTTIANUM, which on flowering in this
country, has proved to be a novelty of the first order. The
flowers are produced five on a spike, large in size and very dis-
tinct, sepals white with dark red longitudinal stripes. Petals
white, full of Indian purple stripes and speckles ; lips reddish-
brown — habit of the plant robust and free-growing. In quan-
tity CYPRIPEDIUM DAYANUM, this much admired species,
is believed to be offered in imported plants for the first time,
DENDROBIUM LOWII, produces in abundance, seven-flowered
racemes of distinctly spurred flowers, about 2 inches across,
bright yellow with red veins in lip, set off by crimson fringes.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Thursday Next.— (Sale No. 7961.)

A fine lot of ORCHIDS, in Flower and Bud.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Coveut
Garden, W.C., on THURSDAY NEXT, August 8, at half-
past 12 o'Clock precisely, a fine COLLECTION of ORCHIDS,
in Flower and Bud, including some fine varieties and
specimens.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Thursday Next— (Sale No. 7961.)
CATTLEYA AUREA.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his
SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King
Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT,
Angust 8, about 100 Plants received as CATTLEYA AUREA,
but amongst the plants will be found, in all probability, a few
of the fine GIGAS VARIETIES.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Thursday, August 15.

SPECIAL SALE of ORCHIDS in Flower and Bud.

MR. J. C. STEVENS begs to announce that
his NEXT SPECIAL SALE of ORCHIDS in FLOWER
and BUD, will take place at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C., on THURSDAY, August 15, at half-past
12 o'clock precisely, and he will be glad if Gentlemen
DESIROUS of ENTERING PLANTS FOR THIS SALE, will
please SEND LISTS NOT LATER THAN THURSDAY NEXT.

Dutch Bulbs.— Special Trade Auctions.

First Sale, MONDAY, August 19.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL by AUCTION at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and
68, Cheapside, E.C.. on MONDAY, August 19, THURSDAY,
August 22, MONDAY", August 26. and THURSDAY, August
29, extensive consignments of first-class HYACINTHS,
TULIPS, CROCUS, NARCISSUS, and other BULBS, from
Holland, especially lotted to suit the Trade and other Large
Buyers.

Catalogues will shortly be ready, and may be obtained on
application.

Notice.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
desire to announce that in consequence of the Bank
Holiday THERE WILL BE NO SALE OF ORCHIDS at
their Rooms NEXT WEEK.

Extensive and desirable Nursery Business

at Annan, Dumfriesshire.

Sale,

THERE IS FOR SALE, by Private Bargain,
33 a going concern, the Old-established NURSERY
BUSINESS, so long and successfully carried on. under the firm
of Messrs. John Palmer & Sou, by the late William Palmer,
Nurseryman, Annan.

The Nurseries extend to 54 acres or thereby, 8 acres being
held on lease from Mrs. Clarke of Galabauks, which expires at
Candlemas, 189J, and 46 acres belonging to the trustees of the
late Mr. Palmer, with whom arrangements could be made for
a Lease on very moderate terms.

The Nurseries are in the highest state of cultivation, and
the Stock is exceptionally healthy and good. It consists of
seedling and transplanted Forest Trees ; seedling and bedding
Shrubs of all sorts; and a fine collection of good growing
Conifera? ; with ornamental Trees, and Roses of the finest anil
most varied sorts. There is also a fine and varied stock of Fruit
and other Trees, all in excellent growth and in great demand.
In connection with the Nurseries, there are Sheds and Grounds
set apart and completely fitted up, for propagating and other
purposes.

The Nurseries are situated close to the Station of Annan, on
the main line of the Glasgow and South- Western Railway ;
and also near to the Station, on the line of the Caledonian
Railway Company.

This excellent sit uation affords a v ry ready and advantageous
outlet to all the English and Scotch Markets, and is one of the
great advantages which these Nurseries possess. There is also
a convenient outlet in to Cumberland and the West Coast, by
the Sol way Junction Railway.

This is a most favourable opportunity for any party ac-
quiring, on most advantageous terms, such an excellent Nursery
Stock and Business, which has for so long held a prominent
place among the Nurseries of Scotland.

Application for any further particulars may be made to
Messrs. BROWN AND LITTLE, British Linen Company Bank,
Annan, who will arrange for inspection of the Nurseries.

FOR SALE, a NURSERY, FLORIST, and
SEED BUSINESS, about 2 acres of Land (well stocked),
4 Greenhouses, Stable, Outbuildings, &c; good 7-roomed
House and Shop, in main road. Not changed hands for 22 years.
Good opening for two men. £500 as a going concern.— South-
all's Nursery, Nineveh Road, Handswortb, near Birmingham.

nrO BE LET, from Michaelmas, DYf

JL FARM at Edmontou, comprising a comfortable

To Nurserymen, Florists, and others seeking a

Well-established and Profitable Business.

TO BE SOLD, in consequence of the death of
the late owner, a fine NURSERY and SEED BUSINESS,
long established in one of the be9t districts of the West of
England. The Nursery Grounds extend to 27 acres of excep-
tionally suitable land. There is a good House with adequate
Stabling and other conveniences. The property is of a high
class, and offers an excellent opportunity for any gentleman
obtaining a superior business requiring only moderate capital.
For further particulars and cards to view, apply to Mr.
JOHN FOWLE, Surveyor, 64, Fulham Road, South Kensing-
ton, S.W.

Notice.

FOR SALE, a Small, Compact NURSERY
and FLORIST BUSINESS, with immediate possession.
Apply to A. TALEYRAC, Harrow-on-the-Hill.

FOR SALE, a compact FLORIST and SEED
BUSINESS, with Dwelling-house, Shop, and Nursery in
main market thoroughfare, and good Shop opposite the station.
Apply, W. A., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington
Street, Strand, W.C.

Snaresbrook, N.E.— To Nurserymen and Floriats.
'"PO Lfc/r or for SALE, a commodious Freehold

JL HOUSE, with Outbuildings, 4 Glass-houses, and about

half an acre of Land. Afirst-classopeningfor an energetic man.

SUTTON ABBOTT, Auctioneer, The Mall, Wanstead, N.E.

To Market Gardeners.

TO BE SOLD or LET, large GREEN-
HOUSES, containing 15,000 feet of Glass, situnted close
to Liverpool. Returns can be seen, showing from £10 to £20
per week, in the season. Splendid houses for Tomatos. Rent
£90, including Cottage and 5 Acres of Land.

Further particulars from D0NNISON and EDWARDS,
Solicitors, 41, Lord Street, Liverpool.

-yO BE LET, 1 to 10 acres of GRASS LAND,

JL suitable for Nurserymen and others, on Lease for
7. 14, or 21 years. Rent £12 per acre, with the option of
Purchase of the Freehold within the first 7 years. No tithe or
laud tax. Near the main road, Enfield Highway; about
9 miles from London.

Apply, H. MOORE, 59, Bishopsgate Street Within, E.C.

tson's

comprising a comfortable House,
ample Stabling, Bunching Sheds, and other Buildings, and
38 acres of Market Garden Land, now occupied by Mr. Hol-
lington.

Apply to Messrs. PHILIP D. TUCKETT AND CO., Land
Agents, 10a, Old Broad Street, E.C.

T" O LET, FLORIST and SEED BUSINESS,
High Street, Tunbridge Wells. Immediate possession.
STURT and CO.

TO BE LET, in the best Grape Growing and
Tomato district in England, a well-stoeked GARDEN, of
about an acre, with a small Forcing-house and a 220 feet
Vinery with southern aspect, containing 80 young Vines,
loaded with Grapes of the finest quality. The Freeholder is
prepared to erect more houses and suitable residence if required.
Apply by letter to A. B. C, Box 7319, Dale, Reynolds &
Co. 's Advertisement Agency, 24, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

Fifty Nurseries, Market Gardens, Florist and Seed

BUSINESSES to be DISPOSED OF.

^TESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS'

1VL HORTICULTURAL REGISTER contains full parti-
culars of the above, and can be obtained, gratis, at
67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.G.

LANDSCAPE GARDENING. — Designs
Prepared and Work Superintended in any part of the
country. For terms, apply to
THOMAS H. MAWSON, Landscape Gardener, Windermere.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

(JOHN COWAN), Limited,

Make SPECIALTIES of the following:—

ORCHIDS, of which they have an immense stock, and they are
constantly receiving fresh importations from various parts
of the world.

ORCHID BASKETS, made of thebestTeak and Copper Wire.

COWAN'S PATENT ORCHID POTTERY, which should be
used for all Orchids.

ORCHID PEAT Of best quality. Sphagnum MOSS. Best
Wood CHARCOAL.

TEA and other ROSES in pots. The Company have a
large and splendid stock, all healthy and vigorous.

FERNS, a large and fine stock of the leading kinds.

GRAPE VINES. The Company's Stock is, as usual, unsur-
passed by any iu the country. Strong Vines raised from
eyes this season, fit for immediate planting.

STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, suitable for table
and other purposes, in great variety.

The Company offer all the above at the lowest possible
prices. Descriptive PRICE LISTS, post-free, on application to

THE VINEYARD AND NURSERIES,

GARSTON, LIVERPOOL.

Borough of Halifax.

THE PARK COMMITTEE of the HALI-
FAX corporation are prepared to RECEIVE TEN-
DERS for the SUPPLY of 500 HORSE CHESTNUT TREES not
less than 12 feet in height, to be delivered at Savile Park
during the month of November next. Tenders, endorsed
" Tender for Trees,'' to be sent to the undersigned before 17th
of August, 1889.

By order, KEIGHLEY WALTON, Town Clerk.
Town Hall. Halifax, July 24, 1889,

N-

KOYAL SCOTTISH ARBORICULTURAL
SOCIETY.

Annual General Meeting.

Edinburgh, July 19, 1889.
The Thirty-sixth Annual General Meeting of the Royal
Scottish Arboricultural Society will, by the kind permission
of the Regius Keeper, Professor Bayley Balfour, be held in the
Class-room, at the Royal Botanic Garden, Inverleith Row,
Edinburgh, ou TUESDAY, August 6, 1889, at I P.M.

W. J. MOFFAT, Secretary and. Treasurer.
5, St. Andrew Square.

Annual Excursion.

The Twelfth Annual Excursion of the Society will take place,
by the kind permission of the following Noblemen, to their
several Estates in Nottinghamshire, on August 7 and 8 : —

His Grace the Duke of Portland's Estate of Welbeck.

His Grace the Duke of Newcastle's Estate of Clumber.

The Right Hon. the Earl Manvers' Estate of Thoresby.

The Right Hon. Lord Saville's Estate of Rufford.

ATIONAL CO-

OPERATIVE FLOWER
SHOW, to be held at the
Crystal Palace on August 17,
in connection with the Great
Co-operative Festival and Ex-
hibition. FIVE HUNDRED
POUNDS in Prizes and Medals.
Entries close August 7. Sche-
dules free on application to
the Agricultural and Horti-
cultural Association (under
whose auspices the Show ia
held).

ED WD. OWEN GREEN-
ING, Secretary. ,
3, Agar Street, Strand, W.C. ; Creek Road, Deptford, S.E.

TESTIMONIAL TO MR. ARTHUR BUCK,

OF THE LATE

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL GARDENS,

SOUTH KENSINGTON. '
It has been proposed by several Gentlemen that the present
time is a fitting opportunity for the large body of Nurserymen,
Gardeners, and others, who have been in the habit of exhibit-
ing at the Royal Horticultural Society's Shows for many years
past, to make some little recognition of the services of Mr.
Blick, who for the past 28 years has been employed at the
Royal Horticultural Gardens, South Kensington, and who has
now, owing to the collapseof the Gardens at South Kensington,
been thrown out of a situation on the shady side of his life.
The following Gentlemen have kindly consented to form a
Committee to carry out the above proposal, viz. : —

Mr. W. Bull ■ Kin ,'s Road, Chelsea.

Messrs. Carter & Co High Holborn.

Messrs. W. Paul & Sox ... Waltham Cross.

Mr. H. Turner Slough.

Mr. John Wills South Kensington.

Mr. F. Sander St. Albans.

Mr. F. Q. LaxE Great Berkhampstead.

Mr. H. Herrst Richmond.

Mr. H. Hawkixs Twickenham.

The Smallest Subscription will be thankfully received by
Mr. J. ALDOUS, Florist, Gloucester Road, S.W. (Hon.
Treasurer); or Mr. S. M. SEGAR, Royal Exotic Nursery,
South Kensington (Hon. Secretary).

List of Subscriptions.

The Rt. Hon. Lord ABERDARE £3 2 0

The Baroness BURDETT COUTTS 110

Mr. F. SANDER, St. Albans 110

Mr. W. ICETON, Putney 110

Mr. SCHNEIDER, King's Road, Chelsea 0 5 0

Mr. A. F. BARRON, Chiswick ... 1 1 0

Mr. B. S. WILLIAMS, Holloway 0 10 0

Messrs. PULHAM AND SONS, Broxbourne 110

Mr. BANNISTER, Brompton Road 0 2 6

Messrs. SUTTON axd SONS, Reading 110

Mr. G. DEAL. Chelsea 110

Messrs. HAWKINS and BENNETT, Twickenham ... 1 1 0

Mr. H. HERBST, Kew 110

Messrs. W. PAUL and SONS, Waltham Cross ... 1 1 0

Messrs. J. VEITCH AND SONS, Chelsea 110

Mr. JOHN UNITE, Edgware Road 0 10 6

Messrs. THOMAS AXD SON, Edgware Road 0 10 6

Messrs. CARTER and CO., Holborn 110

Mr. ALDOUS, Gloucester Road 110

Mr. JOHN WILLS, South Kensington 110

Mr. W. BULL. Chelsea " 110

Mr. S. M. SEAGER, South Kensington 1 1 0

Mr. HOGG 0 10 6

Mr. ALLOWAY 110

Mr. HANKIN 0 10 (i

Mr. HUMBY 110

Mr. HOWARD, Southgate 0 10 6

A FRIEND 10 0

Mr. HONEY 0 10 6

Mr. SPIKINGS 0 10 6

Mr. BARBE 0 10 6

Mr. A. WATERER, Woking 110

Messrs. KELWAY and SON, Langport 110

Mr. W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand 0 10 6

Mr. W. A. EYLES 1 1-0

Mr. G. EYLES 110

T. DUNN. Esq 110

Dr. and Mrs. MERRIMAN 10 0

Mr. HARDCASTLE 0 5 0

Mr. RICHARDS 0 10 0

Mr. J. BAILEY 0 10 0

Mr. L. LANE 110

Mr. C.ROSS 0 5 0

Mr. H. TURNER. Slough 110

Messrs. DICK RADCLYFFE AND CO 110

Mr. WARE. Tottenham 110

Messrs. BARR AND SON 0 10 0

Mr. BLISSETT 0 10 6

Mr. WILLIAMS, Ticehurst 0 5 0

Gentlemen icishing to Subscribe to the above
Testimonial please send Names at once, as it is
intended to shortly-Close the List.

August 3, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

123

HARTERS

\^ FOR PRESENT SOWING.

"TESTED" SEEDS

pABBAG E.— CARTERS' HEARTWELL

KJ MARROW, acknowledged to be the finest early Cabbage
in cultivation, price Is. id. per ounce, 6d. and Is. per packet,
post-free. m , ,

CARTERS' MAMMOTH BEEFHEART, the best mam
crop Cabbage, price Is. 6rf. per ounce, 6<(. and Is. per packet,
post>free.

T ETTUCE.— CARTERS' GIANT WHITE

i.^1 COS, price 2s. 6ci. per ounce, 6d. and Is. per packet,
post-free.

DUNNETTS GIANT WINTER COS, price 2s. 6d. per ounce,
6d. and Is. per packet, post-free.

ALL THE YEAR ROUND, price Is. 3if. per ounce, 6d. per
packet, post-free. _____

ON I O N.— CARTERS' GOLDEN GLOBE
TRIPOLI, price Is. and 2s. Gd. per packet, post-free.
CARTERS' GIANT WHITE TRIPOLI, price Is. per ounce ;
Gd. per packet, post-free.

CARTERS' WHITE EMPEROR, price Is. and 2s. Gd. per
packet, post-free.

ARTERS', Royal Seedsmen by Sealed

Warrants, 237 and 238, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON.

"p EM!

; S " — " G E M S " — " G E M S "

of Choice Stove Plants.

OXERA PULCHELLA — dense clusters, S to 10 inches
across, of pure white, funnel-shaped flowers, about 2 inches
loug aud 1 inch across. Flowers in winter very lasting,
graceful and beautiful. 5s.

SCHUBERTIA GRANDIFLORA— flowers white with de-
lightful, almond-like fragrance, produced in large trusses,
similar to Stephanotis. Excellent for cutting. 2s. Gd. and 3s. Gd.

STEPHANOTIS FLORIBUNDA— the finest variety in cul-
tivation, and freest bloomer, flowering at every joint, and
blooms in a lower temperature than any other variety we
know. Is., Is. Gd., 2s. erf., 3s. 6d., 5s.; and fine specimens,
2ls., 31s. Gd., and 40s. each.

STIGMAPHYLLUM CILIATUM (Golden Vine) — flowers
rich orange, similar to the lovely Orchid Oncidium flexuosum.
Very distinct. 2s. Gd. each.

TOXICOPHLJEA SPECTABILIS (Winter Sweet) — large
dense sprays of white flowers, sweetly perfumed. Beautiful
winter-flowering plant. 2s. Gd. and 3s. Gd. each.

GLONERA JASMINIFLORA— one of the most beautiful
white-flowering plants for either cutting or decoration. Blooms
in the winter or early spring, and worthy of a place in the
most select collection. 2s. Gd. and 3s. Gd.

CATALOGUES of these, and all you want for a Garden free,
by post from

WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham ;
10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester,

The Best Present for a Gardener.
INES and VINE CULTURE.

The most complete and exhaustive Treatise on

Grapes and their Culture ever published.

New Edition.

Price 5s., post-free 5s. Gd.

A. F. BARRON, Royal Horticultural Society, Chiswick.

FERNS. — Good strong stuff, in large thumbs,
for Pdtting-ou. Pteris tremula and P. cretica cristata,
12s. per 100 for cash, with order.— GOWERS and EMBER-
SON, Comely Bank Nursery, Walthamstcw.

BULBS — BULBS — BULBS.— The cheapest
offer of first-class Bulbs ever submitted to the Public,
the finest produced in Holland (selected by us on the spot)
being offered at Auction Prices. Many people last year doubted
the possibility of really first-ratf. Bulbs, true to name, being
offered at the rates we quoted, and only gave us half their
orders in order to compare the blooms with those produced
from bulbs supplied by other firms. Our Bulbs stood the test
in every case, and we have received many Testimonials of a
most flattering character. CATALOGUES now ready.
J. R. PEARSON and SONS, Chilwell Nurseries, Notts.

TMPORTANT TO GENTLEMEN

JL Stocking New Houses, adding to Collections of Stove and
Greenhouse Plants, or Ferns. A CATALOGUE of 134 Pages,
which includes Lists of all the finest Stove and Greenhouse
Plants, Orchids, and Ferns, may be had post-free for 3 stamps.

12 Fine STOVE PLANTS, 12s., 18s.

12 „ GREENHOUSE PLANTS, 9s., 18s.

12 Distinct STOVE and GREENHOUSE FERNS, 9s. or 18s.

12 Fine ORCHIDS, for Cool or Hothouses, 42s., 63s.

An immense stock of Plants on hand, an inspection invited
before buyiug elsewhere.

WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham ;
10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.

QA AAA CLEMATIS, in Pots, of all the

{-)\J^\/\jyj finest Double and Single Varieties (some
of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of
every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for
climbing and bedding, from 12s. to 24s. per dozen, strong
plants; extra strong plants, repotted into 5_--inch pots, 2s 6a.
each ; B?auty of Worcester, a magnificent purple, excellent
for bedding, recently sent out by us, reduced price 2s. Gd. each.
Descriptive LIST on application.— RICHARD SMITH AND CO.,
Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester.

EARLY WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS,

EABLY-FLOWEBING NARCISSUS,

and all other BULBS for Forcing, now ready for delivery.

Priced LIST free on application.

Dicks ons™;jx] Chester.

(Limited.)

RHUBARB.— 20,000 large Boots, ten years
old, suitable for forcing. £1 per 100, on rail. Cash with
order. J. J. CLARK, West Brighton, Sussex.

FOR SALE, a Bargain, three very large
healthy Double White CAMELLIAS, two 9 feet high
and 26 feet in circumference, and one smaller, in ground.
Must be sold as house is coming down. May be seen and par-
ticulars of
H. R. OUBRIDGE, Church Walk Nursery, Stoke Newington.N.

SAFE, SURE, CHEAP, and RELIABLE

a the

DEMON

INSECTICIDE.

No
Mealy Bug
No
Mildew-
No
Scale

Blignt

Green Fly

Red Spider

Slugs

Insect Pests

of any
description. '[

The surest, safest, most effective, and
economical Insecticide ever invented for
use alike in the Greenhouse, Flower and
Kitchen Gardens.
1 gallon makes 160 gallons of Insecticide.

On Receipt of Sixpence in Stamps
we will post free, to any address, a sample
£-pint tin — a practical trial will speak
louder than words.

Testimonials constantly received.
Prices, delivered free to any address: —
1 pint, Is. Gd. ; 1 quart, 2s. ; _-gallon, 3s.
1 gallon, 4s. Gd.— tins free. 4 gallons for
8s. — Tin to be returned. Larger quan-
tities at reduced rates. Sole proprietors—

DEtGHTON & CO.,
Manufacturing Chemists, Bridgnorth.

CLIBRAN'S EUCHARIS MITE KILLER.

Prices ;— _• pint. Is. Gd. ; 1 pint, 2s. Gd. ; 1 quart, 4s. Gd. ;
£ gallon, 7s. Gd.; 1 gallon, 12s. 6d.

Ask your seedsman for it, or apply to
WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham;
10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.

THE

Normal Fertiliser

Price :— '

For GREENHOUSE or GARDEN.
7 lb. 14 lb. 28 lb. 56 lb. 1 cwt.
2s. 3s. Gd. 5s. Gd. 9s. Us.

And in Gd. and Is. packets.
To be had of Seedsmen and Florists, or the NORMAL
MANURE COMPANY, Ltd., 121, Bi^hopsgate Street Within,
E.C., and Farnham Road, Guildford. Usual Trade Discounts.
Wholesaleof Messrs. HURSTAND SON, 152,Houndsditch, London

BENTLEY'S
WEED DESTROYER.

Mr. Elworthy, Nettlecombe Court, writes: —
" I have tried two factors, but I find yours much the most de-
structive." -por fun particulars apply to

J. BENTLEY,

CHEMICAL WORKS, BARROW-ON-HUMBER, HULL.

Sold in Packets, 6d. and Is. each, and in

SEALED BAGS ONLY,

7 lb, 14 lb. 28 lb. 56 lb. 1 cwt.

2/6 4/6 7/6 12/6 20/-
CLAY & LEVESLEY,

TEMPLE MILL LANE,
STRATFORD. LONDON, E.

C. & L. also supply Crushed Bones, Bone Dust, Peruvian Guano,
Sulphate of Ammonia, and Nitrateof Soda, inbest qualitiesonly,

GARDEN
REQUISITES.

Two Prize Medam.

Quality, THE BEST In the Market. (All sacks included.)

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process),
sacks, Is. 4rf. each; 10sacks,12s.6rf.; 15sacks,17s.6rf., 20sacks,,
20s. ; 25 sacks, 24s. ; 30 sacks, 27s. ; 40 sacks, 35s. ; 50 sacks,
40s.; Truck-load, loose, free on rail, 30s. Limited quantities
of G., special quality, granulated in sacks only, 2s. Gd. each.

GENUINE ORCHID PEAT, 8s. Gd. per sack ; 5 sacks, 40s. ;
BEST BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. per sack ; 5 for 22s. Gd.
BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 4s. Gd. per sack ; 5 for 20s.
COARSE SILVER SAND, Is. 6a!. per bushel ; 14s. half toil ;
24s. per ton. Yellow Fibrous Loam, Compost, Leaf and Peat
Mould, Is. per bushel. Tobacco Cloth or Paper, Is. per lb.
Special Manures, Peat-Moss Litter, Crushed Bones, Virgin
Cork, &c, &c. Write for Price List.

Terms strictly Cash with, order.
CHUBB, ROUND St CO., West Ferry Road, Millwall,

London, E. Bankers — Union Bank of London.

Blight-Blignt-Aphis and Blight.

TUCKER'S EUCALYPTUS DISINFECT-
ANT FLUID Destroys these Pests. Is. and 2s. a Bottle.
J. TUCKEK AND CO., 51, Paddington Street. London, W.

GENUINE GARDEN REQUISITES,
as supplied to the Royal Gardens. All Sacks free.
Cocoa-nut Fibre Refuse, fresh, 1 sack, Is. 3d.; 10 sacks for
12s. ; 15 for 17s.; 20 for 20s. ; 30 for 28s. ; 2 ton truck free on
rail, 30s. Best Brown Fibrous Kent Peat, 5s. per sack ; 5 for
22s. Gd.; 10 for 35s. Best Black Peat, 4s. Gd. per sack ; 5 for 20s.
Coarse Bedfords' Sand, Is. Gd. per bushel; 14s. half ton ; 25s.
per ton. Potting Composts, 5s. per sack. Genuine Peruvian
Guano, Crushed Bones, Fertilisers, &c. Fresh Sphagnum
Moss, 2s. Gd. per bushel; 6s. per sack. Charcoal, 2s. Gd. per
bushel ; 8s. per sack. Flower Sticks, painted and unpainted ;
Labels, and Bamboos. Best Raffia, Is. per lb. ; 7 lb. for 5s. Gd,
Pure Leaf Mould, Peat Mould, and Yellow Fibrous Loam, each.
Is. per bushel; 3s. per sack. Specialite Tobacco Paper, and
Cloth, Is. per lb.; 28 lb. for 26s. Mushroom Spawn, best
quality, 4s. per bushel. Russia Mats, 10s. to 18s. per dozen.
Virgin Cork, 28 lb., 5s. Gd.; 56 lb., 10s.; 1 cwt., 17s. Write
for free Price List.— W. HERBERT and CO., Hop Exchange.
Southwark Street, London, S.E. (near London Bridge).

Complete Satisfaction Guaranteed

To all using preparations bearing our Trade Mark in
accordance with our directions. Refuse Imitations.

THE 'SWIFT & SURE" INSECTICIDE. ^SZ^i**

Bottles, 1/G& 3/0; gall., 10/6; 4 galls., 30/

"PERFECT" WEED KILLER.-Gallon, 2/;

5 gal., 1/9, 10 gal., 1/6, 40 gal., 1/4 p. gal.

"PERFECT" WORM DESTROYER-

Bottles, 1/6 A 3/6; gal., 7/6; 5 gal., 5/p. gal.

"PERFECT" MILDEW DESTROYER.- „

Bottles, 1/ ft 2/; gal., B/i 5 gal., 5/ p. gal. J™^'™,,

•PERFECT" HORTICULTURAL SUMMER SHADINC.-

Tins-l lb., 1/; 2 Ills., 2/; 6 lbs., 5/.
Are absolutely Unsurpassed for Cheapness
and Efficiency Combined.
Used at Ketc Gardens, Royal Horticultural Gardens, <£c.
Single bottles pet free at published prices from the manu-
facturers. Special quotations for quantities.
Sole Manufacturers : TnE

Horticultural &. Agricultural Chemical Co.

Principal Agents: BLACKLEY, YOUNG & CO.,
103 HOLM STREET, GLASGOW.

SOLD BY SEEDSMEN AND FLORISTS.

HUGHES' Soluble

Fir Tree OIL

FLORISTS & NURSERYMEN SHOULD ALL USE IT

Mr. R. Craig, President of the Florist Convention of
America, says : "After trying all Insecticides that I could
learn about, I have come to the conclusion that Fir Tree Oil is
the best for all purposes, and I feel convinced there is nothing
to come up to it in the Market."

Used in the water for Washing Fabrics— it acts as a Disin-
fectant, Bleacher aud Cleanser, and should always be used for
Washing Fine Linen Goods.

It kills Insect life on Man, Animals, Birds and Plants, with-
out any fear of injurious effects. It is invaluable for all
Animals and Birds when they are washed.

Sold by all Seedsmen and Chemists, 1/6, 2/6, 4/6 ; _-Gallon
7/6, 1-Gallon 12/6, or less in larger quantities.

A Treatise on FIR TREE OIL as an INSECTICIDE, its
application to Plants and Animals, sent Post free on
application to
E. G. HUGHES, Victoria-St., Manchester.

Wholesale from Messrs. Hooper & Co.; Corhy, SorER
& Co. ; Osman & Co., and all the Seed Merchants and Patent
Medicine Houses in London.

NEW YORK— Rolker & Sons.

124

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 3, 1889.

SEEDLING PLANTS OF

CHOICE FLORISTS' FLOWERS, a*

WE HAVE MUCH PLEASURE
in offering the following from our superb strains,
all in healthy young Plants, Post or Carriage Free at
price* quoted :— Per 100.— s. d.

ACKICULAS, Alpine, very fine strain, autumn

sown. 18*8 perdVz., 2s. 6d. 15 0

CALCEOLARIAS, Herbaceous, choicest tigred

and spotted per doz., 2s. 14 0

CINERARIAS, large-flowered, dwarf, per doz., 2s. 14 0
., ordinary class, splendid strain, perdoz.. Is. 6rf. 10 6
CARNATIONS and PICOTEES, very choice, from
stage flowers; will produce 80 per cent.

double per doz.. Is. 6d

PRIMULA SINENSIS, beautiful fringed varieties,
„ ALBA MAGNIFICA ... per doz., 2s. 6d.
,, Crimson King, splendid colour, perdoz., 2s. Qd.
,, ch icest fringed, red or white, per doz.. Is. Bd.
mixed, inbeautiful var., perdoz. , ls.6rf.

CYCLAMEN PERSICUM GIGANTEUM, strong
young plants, from single pots, autumn

sown, 1888, very tine per doz., 5s. 35

PRIMULAS, double, pure white, strong young

plants, from single pots ... per doz., 5s. 35

HYACINTHS, early white Roman,

,, tine selected roots per doz., 2s. firf. 17

,, ordinary size, good roots per doz., 2s. 14

DANIELS BROS.,

Town Close Nurseries,

NORWICH.

10 6

10
10

BA R R'S CATALOGUES

Free on application.
List of Autumn-flowering Crocus and Meadow Saffron.
Daffodil Catalogue, Illustrated, contains the only complete
list of these beautiful hardy spring flowers.

Bulb Catalogue of cheap, rare, beautiful hardy bulbs, &c,
for all seasons.

Plant Catalogue of hardy, free-flowering, beautiful perennials
for flower borders, and as cut flowers.

Seed CATALOGUE, ready 1st January, 1890.
BARR and SON, 12, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

LILY OF THE VALLEY.
First-class German flowering Crowns.

Any quantity.

H. D A M M a N N, Jun.,

Breslau.

pKIMULAS and 1 1NERAR1AS, Is. 6d. doz

ST Herbaceous CALCEOLARIAS, of an extra superb strain,
of our own saving, large flowers, rich and var.ed colours,
beautiful form, 2s. per dozen ; Seed, Is. Gd., 2s. <6d. per packet.
G >od Plants' ready for potting.

ROUVaKDIaS, tine plants, in 2£ pots, ready for potting on for
wi iter flowering, in good and varied sorts, to name, '.is. perdoz.

CVl'LAMEN. of an extia tine strain, of our own saving, good
plmts for potting on, 3s. and 4s. peroVzen. The chief merit of
this strain is the vigour of growth, varied colours, and freedom.

GERANIUMS, for winter flowering, strong young t-lants,
ready to pot now into large pots to establish for blooming in
October and November, tinest named kinds, 4s. and 6s. perdoz.,
double or single.

CATALOGUE of all you want for a Garden, free for 3 stamps.

WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham ;
10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.

W. GORDON, Importer of ORCHIDS.

AN IMMENSE STUCK of recently imported
plants compels a SALE of the ESTABLISHED PLANTS
to make room. They have not yet flowered, but are all flower-
ing plants, and must be sold at a GREAT SACRIFICE. Very
valuable varieties are certainly to be obtained, and great bar-
gains. See Public Journals for high prices recently obtained.
The SPECIAL OFFER affords a PAYING INVESTMENT to
an\one with glass at command, which should not be over-
looked. Such plants may never again be offered to the Public
and Trade. Good Established Plants:—

25 in 25 species and varieties £3 3 0

50 in 50 „ 5 5 0

100 in 100 10 10 0

CATALOGUE of the above large stock held on application to

W. GORDON,
The Nurseries, Amyand ParkRoid, Twickenham, Middlesex.

ROSES I N POTS.

TEAS and NOISETTES, of the finest varieties for in-
door blooming, good plants, in 5-inch pots, put for preparing
fjr winter flowers, 15s. per dozen, in 12 varieties if required.
Stronger plants in ti^-inch pots, 24s., 30s. per dozen.

Fine H.P. ROSES, established in pots, very tine either to
p >t or for forcing next spring, or for planting out in beds now,
18*. per dozen, worth 30s.

CLEMATIS, in the finest sorts, all named, 9s. and 15s. perdoz.

Fiue Hardy CLIMBERS, for Trellises, Arbours, Rockeries,
all good plants, in pots, to plant now, 9s. and 12s. per dozen.

12 Lovely Variegated IVIES, all with beautiful foliage, 12s.

Send for CATALOGUE of all you want for a Garden free for
3 stamps.

WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham;
10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.

pUTBUSH'S M I L L-

V7 TRACK MUSHROOM SPAWN.
— Too well known to require descrip-
tion. Price tis. per bushel Is. extra
per bushel for package), or &d, per
cake ; free by parcel post, Is.

None genuine-unle^sin sealed pack-
ages and printed cultural directions
enclosed, with our signature attached.

WM. CUTBUSH AND SON,
Nurserymen and Seed Merchants,
Highgate Nurseriea, N.

FEAST OF ROSES.

WM. PAUL & SON

(Rose Growers hy appointment to Her Majesty the Queen)

Beg to announce that the principal Prize (Large Gold Medal) at the
recent Feast of Roses of the Royal Botanic Society was awarded to them for
the best "Design or Garden in Cut and Pot Roses."

New Gardens made and Old Gardens renovated by contract or otherwise.
Plans furnished to order.

PRICED DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE of ROSES Free by Post.

Special and Reduced Rates where Large Quantities are required.

PAULS' NTJRSEBIES, Waltham Cross. HERTS-
BULBS FOR EARLY FORCINGT

B. S. WILLIAMS'

WELL RIPENED AND HEAVY BULBS OF

ROMAN HYACINTHS,

Early White, from 5 inches to h\ inches in circumference.

PAPER WHITE NARCISSUS,

from 5 inches to 6 inches in circumference.

DOUBLE ROMAN NARCISSUS

from 5 inches to GJ inches in circumference.

L I LIU 31 C AND ID U M, Pure White,

extra strong. Early Orders solicited.

VICTORIA AND PARADISE NURSERIES, UPPER HOLLOWAY, LONDON, N.

EARLY WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS,

Double Roman and Paper-white Narcissus.

JAMES VEITCH & SONS

BEG TO ANNOUNCE THEY HAVE RECEIVED THEIR USUAL CONSIGNMENTS OF

THE ABOVE VALUABLE BULBS FOR EARLY FORCING,

And will be pleased to receive Orders for immediate delivery.

ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY, KING'S ROAD, CHELSEA, LONDON, S.W.

CYPRIPEDIUM ELLIOTTIANCJM.
CYPRIPEDIUM DAYANUM.
DENDROBIUM LOWIL

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION at his Great Rooms,
38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT, August 8, at half-past
12 o'Clock precisely, by order of Messrs. Hi gh Low & Co., a fine lot of Imported Plants in the best
possible condition of CYPRIPEDIUM ELLIOTTIANUM, which, on flowering in this country, has
proved to be a novelty of the first order. The flowers are produced 5 on a spike, large in size and
very distinct ; sepals white, with dark red longitudinal stripes ; petals white, full of Indian purple
stripes and speckles ; lips, reddish brown ; habit of the plant, robust and free growing.

In quantity, CYPRIPEDIUM DA YANUM. —This much admired species is believed to be offered
in imported plants for the first time.

DENDROBIUM LOWIL — Produces in abundance 7-flowered racemes of distinctly spurred
flowers, about 2 inches across, bright yellow with red veins in lip, set off by crimson fringes.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues hal.

Anaosr 3, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

125

SUTTON'S

ROMAN HYACINTHS

NOW READY FOR

IMMEDIATE DESPATCH.

CENUINEONLY DIRECT FROM READING.

ORCHIDS!

Selection of the above, from Borneo, Manilla
(Philippines), Bangkok, Java, Rangoon (Burmah),
&c, to the extent of £5 and upwards, packed
and shipped (at consignee's risk) on receipt of
order with remittance. Address,

THE ORCHID NURSERY,

UPPER WILKIE ROAD. SINGAPORE.
Special care given In packing.

NEW VARIETIES ALWAYS ON HAND.

KELWAY & SON

Now is the time to plant : —

PY/RETHRUMS, of which we grow 3 acres.
DELPHINIUMS, do. do. 3 .,

GAILLARDIAS, do. do. 2

PHLOXES,
PENTSTEMONS.
" The largest collection in the world," for which the highest
awards of the Royal Horticultural and Royal Botanic Societies
of London have been given.

See our MANUAL for 1889, Gratis and Post-free.

LANGPORT, SOMERSET.

ORCHIDS AND PALMS

The Stock 18 of such magnitude that, without seeing it, it is not

easy to form an adequate conception of its unprecedented extent.

Inspection Invited.

The Glass covers an area of upwards of 300,000 super, feet.

HUGH LOW & CO.,

CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, E.

ROSES IN POTS;

all the best New and Old English and Foreign
sorts, from 18«. to 36«, per dozen.

Descriptive List free on application.

RICHARD SMITH & CO.,

Nurserymen and Seed Merchants,

WORCESTER.

FERNS A SPECIALTY.

W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,

FERN NURSERY,

SALE, MANCHESTER.

PALMS AND FOLIAGE.

SPECIALTIES.

An immense Stock always on hand of the leading varieties.
in finest possible condition. ARECAS, CHAM.EROPS. CORY-
PHAS. COCOS, KENTIAS, LATANIAS, SEAFOKTHIAS,
PHCENLX, FICUS ELASTICA, ARALIAS. A very large Stock
of extra-sized plants of the above varieties, from 6 to 12 feet.

WILLIAM ICETON. Putney Park Lane, Putney; and 129 &'
130, Covent Garden Flower Market.

WEBBS'SEEDS

From Rev. H. J. BULL,
Roborough Rectory.

" Please send me a Is. packet
of Emperor Cabbage Seed. All
who have seen it in this neigh-
bourhood agree that they do not
know its equal."

WEBBS'EMPEROR CABBAGE,

6d. ami Is. per packet; 13. 6d. per ounce.

EARLY NONPAREIL CABBAGE 8d. per ounce.

ENFIRLD MARKET CABBAGE 6d. „

EARLY RAINHAM CABBAGE 9d

RED DUTCH or PICKLING CABBAGE... 9(L „

ONION, rer packet. Perounce.
WEBBS' RED GLOBE TRIPOLI ... 6d. ... Is6d.
LARGE FLAT RED TRIPOLI ... 6«L ... 10d.

GIANT ROCCA 6d. ... la. 3d.

WHITE LISBON 8d.

Free by Post or Rail.

Seed.-men by Royal Warrants to H.M. the Queen
and H.R.H. the Prince of Wales.

WORDSLEY, STOURBRIDCE.

ROSES FOR FORCING

Our stock this season is in splendid condition,

AND WE CAN OFFEK

TEA-SCENTED, NOISETTE,

HYBRID PERPETUALS, &c,

in exceptionally fine, clean, healthy, well-
grown plants,

Established in 8-inch pots ;

also stronff plants in o-inch pots.

Our Prices are low for first-rate StOCl£. and'we shall be
pleased to forward quotations. Trade or Retail, on application.

OUR COLLECTION OF

O U T-D OOR ROSES

COMPRISES UPWARDS OF

150,000 Dwarfs and Standards,

and we are now Booking Orders for autumn delivery.
CATALOGUES forwarded on application.

As a Supplement

TO THE

Gardeners' Chronicle

FOR

Next Week, Aujmt 10,

WIH BE

Published an Ink Photograph

TEA ROSE " RUBENS."

From a photograph by Missri. Bgrne, of Rich-
mond.

JOHN CRANSTON & CO.,

Kino's Acre Nursery,

HEREFORD.

QEEDS FOR PRESENT SOWING.

O CABBAGE.

BARNES- NORWICH MARKET, the earliest, Is. per ounce,

7«. 6d. per pound.
BARNES' GREAT EASTERN, the largest, Is. per ounce,
7s. 6<f. per pound.

ONION.
BARNES' GIANT ROCCA, the mildest, 9d. per ounce,

6s. per pound.
BARNES' WHITE MAMMOTH, the best white, 6rf. per packet.

Is. 6d. per ounce, 12s. per pound.
The best quality only. Post-free. Price LISTS Gratis to all
applicants.

JT? T) A "D "\T T? Q ("5 yea™ Managing Assistant
. _Ej. X> .a. IlIN -EjO with Daniels Bros.),

The " Great Eastern " Seed Stores,
9. EXCHANGE STREET. NORWICH.

TRADE OFFER OF PALMS, ETC.

6s. Od. to 24s. Od. p. dor.

ARECA LUTES. ...

„ BAUERII

„ SANDERII
CORYPHA AITS. ...
CHAM.EROPS e. ...
EUTERPE EDULIS..
GEONOMA GRAC. ..
KENTIA BEL.

„ FOST

LATANIA BORB. ..
PH02NIX REC.

„ RU PICO LA
DRACJENAS,

30
24
IS
24
6
9.

60 0

60 0 „

30 0 „

15 0 each.

24 0 ,,

0 „

OPHIOPOGON. FICUS, PANDANUS
VE1TCHU.

Prices for larger Plants on application. Inspection invited.
WILLIAM ICETON, Putney Park Lane, Putney. S.W. ;
and Flower Market. Corent Garden.

THE

SATURDAY, AUGUST 3, 1389.

COLOUR IN PLANTS.

THE study of the nature and origin of the
colours found in plants is one of great diffi-
culty, in consequence of their complexity. Mr.
Sorby reckoned them by hundreds, and probably
none is ever simple or elementary.* Although
much has been done, as he observed in 1871, the in-
quiry is still quite in its infancy. Colours may be
found in all parts of plants, either on the sur-
face, on the cells of the epidermis, or deeply
seated within the tissues, and even in total dark-
ness, as in the roots of the Carrot and Beetroot.
With regard to the colours of flowers, one of tho
first and readily noted observations made was,
that certain species seemed to have a definite
range, beyond which they appeared unable to.go.
Hence, M. de Candolle proposed to divide the
colours of flowers into two series, the xanthic
and cyanic, corresponding to the usually solid
and liquid colouring matters, the former con-
taining yellow -green, yellow, yellow-orange,
orange and orange-red; the latter, blue-green,
blue, blue-violet, violet, and violet-red; red
being intermediate between the two series. It
was thought that flowers were rigidly bound
by these series, and never transgressed them,
but that the tints of a species might vary
through each. Thus Dr. Lindley, replying to
a correspondent in the Gardeners' Chronicle on
February 2, 1842 (p. 97), remarks that " a blue
Dahlia was not to be expected. On the other
hand, the Hyacinth, being of the cyanic series,
a yellow Hyacinth will not occur." t When,
however, Delphinium cardinale, with golden
yellow in the petals, came from California, and
yellow Hyacinths had probably been seen by Dr.
Lindley before 1856, he was obliged to confess
that, " at all events the cyanic and xanthic
speculations of philosophers must now be laid up
in the limbo of pleasant dreams ! " Three and

* The Examination of Mixed Colouring Matters witli the
Spectrum Microscope. Monthly Mar. Journ., I»71, vol. vi.,

p. 124.

t He was not aware that both single and double yellow
Hyacinths had been raised many years before,

126

THE GAB DE NEBS' CHBONICLE.

[August 3, 1889.

thirty years have elapsed, and we are still no
nearer the production of a blue Dahlia or a blue
Rose ; and it may be remarked that it would
seem easier to supply yellow to the cyanic
than blue to the xanthic series, because there
is good evidence for believing that the order of
evolution of colours has been from green
through yellow, orange-red, purple to blue ; so
that any plant which had reached the latter
stages, might (to judge by analogy) more
readily revert to the more primitive colour,
yellow, than advance under cultivation to a point
which Nature had not yet been able to acquire,
and moreover showed no signs of approaching.

Causes of Coloubs.

If we are not yet in a position to assign accurately,
or even approximately, the immediate causes which
give rise to definite colours, we can trace, at least,
some correlations between them and external
factors, such as the following :— (1) Ingredients in
the soil, which are absorbed by the roots and con-
veyed to the leaves and petals, &c. ; (2) Oxygen ;
(3) Light ; (4) Bud-variation ; (5) Inter-crossing.
When we critically examine all we know under
these few headings, it really amounts to very little.

(1) Soil, &o.

Several cases are recorded in the Gardeners'
Chronicle and elsewhere of effects produced by dif-
ferent soils and different habitats of wild plants, as
well as upon the colours of flowers cultivated with
various and known substances which have been added
to the soil. Thus, Mr. G.F. Wilson found that lime
restored the deep blue to alpine Gentians, which
were pale when grown in a peaty soil. A writer
(Gard. Chron., 1850, p. 108) says that chloride of
lime used in watering Camellias, changed a bright
red to red and white. Mr. Lowne found Balsams to
redden with nitrogenous food, but were white without
it, &c.

But isolated results like these do not teach us
much. What is wanted is an elaborate series of
experiments — e.g., to test the use of all kinds of
salts with a large number of flowering plants,
and to discover whether, for example, shades 'of
reds may follow acid substances; and blues,
alkaline ; or, again, the effect of earths, such as
lime, strontia, baryta, &c, or salts of the metals.
That the " breaking " of flowers when transferred
from the wild state to cultivation is due to the arti-
ficial character of the soil seems obvious ; but such
experiments might enable us to find out what sub-
stances would compel any refractory plant to break
which ordinarily refuses to do so.

One of the few facts known is the general
effect of acids and alkalies in altering certain
vegetable colours, whether they are assumed to be
imbibed from the soil or created by the plant,
the effect being the conversion of purples to
reds by acid, and the reverse by alkalies. Now
the spectroscope has to a great extent confirmed
this view, but we want a great deal more information
than we at present possess. Thus, when the crim-
son colouring matter of the Wallflower is treated
with an acid, a large central absorption (indicated by
a broad, darkened space in the spectrum) moves
slightly towards the blue end, and so cuts off more
light from the blue and violet rays, leaving the red
end more pronounced. Ou the other hand, when
treated with ammonia, the absorption moves the
other way, with the opposite result. Ou the other
hand, sometimes neither an acid nor an alkali pro-
duces any effect. Nevertheless Sorby found that
the tendency of an acid is to " raise " the dark
absorption (i.e., towards the blue end), and of
alkalies to " lower" it (i.e., towards the red end).

Besides thus acting on the general absorption,
they may decrease and increase the existing well de-
fined bands, or create new ones. Thus a pink solu-
tion of alkanet, by successive additions of carbonate
of -soda, first becomes purple, while the red end is
encroached upon, and reveals a new absorption

band till, at last, a deep, purple-blue colour is ac-
cpiired, when of the three original bands two have
disappeared (towards the blue end), and the new one
has become pronounced at the red end of the
spectrum.

Analogous results were obtained by Dr. W. T.
Russell, who, iu his researches on the spectrum of
chlorophyll, found that the effects of acids altered
the position of some of the absorption bands, raising
them towards the blue end, the central ones especi-
ally, but not affecting the others ; or, again, deve-
loping a new one according to circumstances. If an
acid, however, be normally present in a leaf, as of
the Vine, Ampelopsis, or Begonia, the chlorophyll is
not affected by it, except when decaying, or by
injury, the living chlorophyll having some power
of resisting the effect of the acid. Now, this in-
teresting result tallies with the observations of Sorby
on the presence of phycoxanthine and orange xan-
thophyll when mixed with chlorophyll iu solution.
" When alone, the phycoxanthine is so much more
rapidly decomposed by bright sunlight than the
orange xanthophyll that the relative amount of the
latter is soon increased to double the original ;
whereas, if a considerable quantity of blue chloro-
phyll be present, the very opposite result occurs.
Here, then, we have a most striking effect of the
presence of chlorophyll, which itself was more
rapidly decomposed than either of the substances
with it."

Mr. Sorby concludes by observing: — "Many facts
seem to prove that ' one substance may protect
another by absorbing the actinic rays, or by con-
suming the oxygen, which, in its absence, would
decompose the other." How far these results depend
on purely physical or chemical influence, and how
far the agency of life affects the matter, is at present
unknown ; though with regard to the function of
transpiration, it is well known that the loss of water
rapidly increases as soon as a leaf dies.

These few results will indicate sufficiently, how
varied the colours may become under the influence
of acids and alkalies of different strengths. There-
fore, to understand the next step is to arrive at the
origin of the alkaline or acid substances in the
plants themselves. Here we are at present stopped.
But the above facts are suggestive, in that to
intensify a blue — say, of Primula sinensis — alkalies
might perhaps aid, as well as the crossing with a pure
white variety, which often has the power, so to say,
to eliminate pure colour out of a mixture, and so
abstract the red from the purple-blue of Holborn
Gem, &c. G. Henslow.

(To be continued.)

New or Noteworthy Plants.

SPIK.KA. KAMTSCHATIKA.*

This is a stately herbaceous Spiraaa, native of
Kamtschatka and the adjacent islands, including
Japan, and fouud also on the mainland, but not
extending far into Siberia. Pallas suggests that it
may have been derived from Western America, and
assuredly S. occidentalis, recently described by
Sereno Watson, from Oregon, is very closely allied,
though not quite the same. It is a plant like our
Meadow-sweet, hut in an enlarged edition, inasmuch
as along the Kamtschatkan rivers it exceeds in stature
the height of a horse. Pallas mentions it as attain-
ing to the height of 10 feet, and it evidently varies
considerably in size. The leaves are often very
large, sometimes as much as 1 foot wide and 8 inches
long, with a coarsely hairy, channelled leaf-stalk,
provided with two leafy stipules at the base, and a
number of small foliar outgrowths, irregular in
number, size, and position along its length; the
terminal leaf-segment is cordate, broadly ovate,

* Spir^a kamtsckatika, Pallas, Flora Hossica, torn. 1. part 1,
p. 41, tab. 28 (1734). See M. T. Masters' " Herbaceous
Spirasas" in Gard. Chron., Aug. 24, 1878, p. 240. Filipendula
kamtsehatika, Maximowicz, Adnot. de Spir&aceis, p. 144
(248), (1879). Spirza gigantea, hort.

palmately five-lobed, with sharply-pointed biserrate
lobes, more or less covered with coarse reddish
pubescence. The inflorescence and fragrant white
flowers are very like those of our common Meadow-
sweet on a larger scale. Maximowicz speaks of the
flower having five carpels only, but. in several
native dried flowers and in the living plant, of
which specimens have been obligingly communi-
cated by Mr. George Paul, the carpels are ten
in number, each carpel containing two pendulous
ovules, although Maximowicz tells us only a single
6eed is perfected.

It is not only a handsome plant for the borders of
lakes and bogs, but has qualities which may com-
mend it to the epicure. Pallas tells us that the
natives of Kamtschatka eat the young shoots in spring
uncooked. They are, he says, slightly astringent,
and have a flavour of Peach kernels. The leaves are
used in soup, while during the winter-scarcity of food
the natives collect the roots, and eat them raw, or
cooked with fish or fish-eggs. The plant was shown
in bloom by Messrs. Paul & Son at the last meeting
of the Hoyal Horticultural Society under the name
of S. gigantea, under which name also we have seen
specimens from Mr. Gumbleton's garden.' The
name gigantea is appropriate enough in one sense,
but, used alone, it gives rise to a false impression
that it applies to a distinct species.

After a comparison with numerous specimens from
Japan, Kamtschatka, and elsewhere, which vary in
stature, we are convinced that the plant is merely
S. kamtschatika, and if the name gigantea is worth
preserving at all, it should only be as a qualificatory
epithet, indicative of a variety. M. T. M,

NEW GLASS HOUSES AT THE
CAMBPJDGE BOTANIC GARDEN.

We are enabled to lay before our readers (fig. 19)
a view of the recently erected range of glass houses
which have been built by Messrs. J. Boyd & Sons, of
Paisley, at a cost of about £5500. The range is facing
the south, and consists of a corridor about 300 feet
in length, from which eight houses branch off. On
the other side or back of this are tanks to catch rain-
water, manure and soil pits, tool sheds, and three pro-
pagating pits, and the botanical laboratory also adjoins

The houses are constructed of pitch pine, and are
heated by two boilers, serving 6-inch pipes running
along the corridor, which supply a series of 4-inch
piping in the houses. The Palm-house, which is in the
centre of the block, is a tall and elegant structure,
and has an extra boiler ; and at the end of the Palm-
house is the aquarium.

REMARKS ON THE FRUIT
CROPS, 1889.
[.For Tabulated Summon/, sec p. 99.J
SCOTLAND. -

Abebdeenshiee. — The fruit crop this year has
been rather disappointing. There was great abundance
of blossom on Apples, Cherries, and Plums. Pears
had not much, and though there was no frost while
they were in flower, Apples, with the exception of
a few young trees on walls, are bearing a very poor
crop. Cherries, except Morellos (which are a fair
crop), are also poor. Plums are a good crop.
Pears very poor. Small fruit are a fairly good
crop ; also Strawberries. U ving to the severe
drought in the end of May and all the month of June,
Plums, red Currants, and Gooseberries have been
terribly overrun with insects. ./. Forrest, HwlJo
House, Aberdeen.

Apples are variable; some trees and suits

are a good crop, while others have nothing. Pears
are more general, but from continued dry weather not
so large as I have seen them at this season. Plums
are cropped so heavily that they require thinning.
Raspberries and Currants are very heavy, while
Gooseberries are a good average. Strawberries also
a good average, but Nuts are thin. if. Farquhar,
Fpvie Castle Gardens, Ft/vie.

August 3, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS1 CHRONICLE.

127

Ayr. — We have splendid crops of all kinds of small
fruits, Strawberries being extra fine in size and flavour ;
indeed, I never tasted them so fine. Plums are good
and early. Apples are a very thin crop, but should
be of good quality, as they are already a good size.
The caterpillar did much damage to the leaves. W,
Priest, Eglinton Gardens, Irvine.

Banff. — The fruit crop is to be very much under
the average ; and in a great measure, no doubt, this is
attributable to the sunless season and cold autumn
of last year ; still, thePearand Apple blossom, although
abundant, has not been able to set through their
immatured state, and partly because of the excessive
heat and drought, which of late has told very
severely on other garden crops. Small fruits in
general seem to be very abundant. The finer class
of wall fruits, such as Peaches and Apricots, outside,
are without a fruit, and in many cases the trees are
greatly crippled by the multitude of insects with
which they were infested during the month of June,
when the thermometer was as high as 92° in the
shade, and one night as low as 3° of frost. The
rainfall for the month of June was only 030 inches.
J. F. Smith, Cullen Gardens, Cullen.

The fruit crop is, on the whole, a good one

here, and far exceeding my expectation. After so
cold a summer as last, we have to thank the genial
and warm month of May, which, no doubt, enabled
numbers of the weakly blossoms to set their fruits.
Plums of all kinds and on all situations, both on
standards and walls, are all loaded with fruit alike,
which has caused a large amount of labour in thin-
ning. Trees that had their branches breaking and
were propped up last season are equally loaded this.
Apricots are a full crop, and the trees vigorous and
healthy. Fruit clean and forward. Peaches are,
with the exception of a few trees, a light crop, and
but for the foreshortening of the young growth on
three occasions after the beginning of August in
order to strengthen the buds, I do not think that so
far N. we should have got any. Apples are a full crop
on some kinds, while others have few or no fruits.
Pears are somewhat similar to the Apple crop.
Jargonelles, Williams' Bon Chretien, and some
early kinds are good, and others, such as Louise
Bonne of Jersey, are failures. Cherries and all kinds
of bush fruit are abundant. Strawberries a fine
crop and good in quality. ./. Webster, Gordon Castle
Gardens, Fochabers,

Dumfries. — We had a very mild winter and spring,
and there was every promise of a fine fruit crop ;
but the blossom did not set well, owing to the wood
not having been thoroughly ripened last autumn.
Then the long-continued drought has told severely
on early Strawberries and small fruits. Later
varieties of Strawberries are better. Dr. Hogg is a
very heavy crop, and Elton Pine promises well.
A. Henderson, Jardine Hall Gardens, Lockerbie.

East Lothian. — Apples will not be so abundant
as I expected ; although they had a fine setting period
and plenty of blossom, they have got gradually thinned.
Pears did not blossom so abundantly, and have also
fallen off very much, and consequently they are much
under average. Plums will be an average crop and
good. Sweet Cherries are a very poor crop ; although
they looked promising at one time, they also have
gradually disappeared. Morellos are a good average
crop. Peaches and Nectarines, owing to the wood
not being ripened last year, had scarcely any
blossom, and out of all my trees I have only one
with any fruit. Apricots on the same exposure are
a good average crop, and very clean in fruit and
foliage. Strawberries have been and still are very
fine. The raiu came just in time to save them, as
they were beginning to suffer from the long drought.
All the other small fruits are very plentiful with us.
L. Dow, The Gardens, Scwbyth, PrrstonJcirk.

Forfar. — Apples are an average crop on young
trees, but on the old a failure. Pears are a failure —
not above a dozen fruits. We had a cold, sunless
summer last year, which left the wood unripened.
This year the spring and summer is the best I have
seen during more than half a century, we having had
no frost in May or June, which counterbalanced the

bad autumn season. All small fruits are abundant.
James Mitchell, Panmure Gardens, Carnoustie.

Midlothian.— After such a bad season as 1888
was for ripening the wood and buds of fruit trees,
we could hardly expect an abundant crop this year.
Still, under the exceptionally favourable weather
which has prevailed since Uctober, we have a crop
fully up to the average of the past decade in quantity,
and considerably over it in quality. The autumn
was comparatively mild and open, so that the
ripening process went on until the end of the season.
The spring was free from frost, and the early summer
genial and growing, so that the blossom had the
best chance of performing its functions it has had
for many years, and all plants with their wood fairly
well ripened consequently " set " their fruit in great
abundance. The heat and drought of May and June
brought about a rather severe attack of insect pests,
which in some places did much harm to the young
fruit ; but several heavy showers have cleared away
the most of the insects, and both plants and fruit are
looking remarkably clean and healthy at the present
time. All kinds of fruit are bearing fine crops,
except Peaches and Nectarines, the wood of which
did not ripen ; Nuts and Raspberries, probably
all from the same cause. Recent heavy rain
has greatly improved the Strawberry crop, and
crops generally. Malcolm Dunn, Dalkeith Gardens,
Dalkeith.

Nairnshire. — The fruit crops in this locality are not
what they promised to be in the early summer. Badly
ripened wood and buds have had a deal to do with
it. The extreme heat and dryness of May and June,
with myriads of insects tended to reduce the quantity,
and lower the quality. Young Apple trees are fairly
cropped, but old trees are almost fruitless. Cherries
dropped their fruit to a mere sprinkling. Victoria
Plums as standards are loaded. Gooseberries are a
good crop. Currants are fair. Strawberries and
Raspberries a good crop. I had to water freely to
make them swell. James Maitland, Caivdor Castle,
Nairn.

Stirling. — The more hardy kinds of Apples are
abundant, including King of Pippins and Worcester-
shire Pearmain ; all the Codlin class — Northern
Greening, Stirling Castle, Seaton-house, and Irish
Peach — many good kinds dropped quantities of their
fruit, but the size and quality of the remainder will
be much improved thereby. All bush fruits are very
abundant, and of good size. The copious rains in
May encouraged leaf and wood growth, so that all
are very luxuriant and healthy. Grubs attacked
Apples severely, but the trees are not materially
injured. M. Temple, Curron House, Falkirk.

Sutherland. — The dry weather will cause fruit to
ripen a fortnight earlier than usual. Apples have
set well on a wall facing the sea, and rather thinly
on standards inside the walls. Strawberries are pro-
mising well, though much in want of rain ; Laxton's
Noble ripened a fortnight earlier than anything we
have here, and it is a fine fruit for an early Straw-
berry. Currants are thin. D. Melville, Dunrobin
Castle Gardens, Golspie.

ENGLAND.— NORTHERN COUNTIES.

Northumberland. — Immaturity of wood will
account for the scarcity of Apples and Pears. Apples
bloomed profusely, but did not set well, although
some varieties are bearing a crop, and promise to be
good. No criterion of the crop can be formed by
naming varieties. Keswick Codlin, generally a great
bearer, is very scarce. Of Strawberries Viscountess,
President, Sir J. Paxton, and Mahon cropped heavily.
Heleue Cloede is the best late kind that we have tried.
George Harris, Castle Gardens, Alnwick.

Apples and Pears in this locality are almost

a failure. Apricots au average crop and good.
Gooseberries and Currants an average crop and very
fine, especially black Currants. Strawberries are
good, with the exception of Grove End Scarlet,
which we use for preserving, and which has failed
owing to the drought. I cannot say too much in
favour of The Captain as an early, beating King of
the Earlies, but our finest flavoured Strawberry is

Pauline, though rather a shy beareiv David Inglis,
Howick Hall, Lesbury.

Westmoreland.— Trees very healthy. Of course,
owing to absence of sunshine last year, the show of
blossom this spring was scanty and weak, and failed
to set. Espalier-trained Apples of following sorts
are bearing good crops :— Ecklinville Seedling, Stir-
ling Castle, Fearn's Pippin, Cellini, Keswick's King
of the Pippins, Annie Elizabeth. Amongst Pears,
Marie Louise is best crop. Gooseberries are a heavy
crop ; Strawberries very good ; other bush fruits
light. W. A. Miller, Underley, Kirkhy Lonsdale.

Durham. — I never remember a better all-round
crop of all kinds, and quite a super-abundance of the
culinary kinds of both Apples and Plums, which, to
a'considerable extent, has been corrected by the late
drought. The attacks of aphis have been severe,
but have been eradicated by the late pelting thunder
showers we have had. Ed. Westoott, Baby Castle,
Darlington.

Yorkshire. — Apples, Pears, Gooseberries, and
Currants made a splendid show of bloom, and pro-
mised well for fruit ; but a heavy thunderstorm on
May 23, when pieces of ice the size of a walnut
fell, completely destroyed the promise of abundant
crops of hardy fruit in this district. R. C. Kingston,
Brantingham Thorp, Brough.

Apples and Pears have suffered very much

from the hot and dry weather in June. The heaviest
crop is on Ribston Pippin, Charleston Pippin, Irish
Peach, Keswick, Lord Suffield, Hawthornden, and
King of the Pippins. Strawberries and small fruits
are very fine and clean. James Batley, The Gardens,
Wentworth Castle, Barnsley.

Lancashire. — There is not a Peach or Apricot on
the wall here, a condition of things that has not oc-
curred in the last decade. Last year's growth died back
to within a few inches of the base on all the Peach trees
on the wall and in a less degree in unheated and over-
shaded houses. No doubt the wet dull summer
of 1888 is responsible for this, as the wood did not
ripen. But will any one explain how it is we
have more Plums this year than we have had in the
last ten years put together ? There are plenty of
Apples, never a heavier crop in this garden. Some
neighbouring ones suffered from caterpillar, which
spoiled the crops. Wm. P. Roberts, Guerdon Hall,
Preston.

EASTERN COUNTIES.

Lincolnshire. — The fruit crops are very poor with
us this season, although in spring the prospects were
very bright ; the blossoms on Apples, Pears, Cherries,
and Plums, were most abundant, and looked well for
a heavy crop ; but cold east winds came , on us
about the middle of May, which brought with them
insects of various kinds, which completely upset
all our expectations. David Liimsden, Bloxholm,
Lincoln.

The fruit crop about here is not quite as

good as was once expected it would be. I have
never seen the Plum crop in such a state ; the trees
are literally covered with green-fly, &c. ; many of
the branches are quite dead, and yet the Apricots
are quite clean, and free from aphis. Strawberries
have been a success. We mulch ours just when they
set, and they have been well watered three times a
week during the dry weather. •/. Rowlands, Bardney
Manor, Lincoln.

Suffolk. — Generally speaking the crops of Apples,
Pears, Plums, and Cherries are in no way commen-
surate to the abundance of bloom that was every-
where present in the spring. In the first part of the
season the foliage of Apple and Pear trees, the
former especially, suffered much from attacks of
insects that were so prevalent last year, but the
heavy rains, accompanied by strong wind, in the
early part of May, effected a considerable clearance
of these pests. Amongst small fruits, Gooseberries
are pretty generally plentiful and good, and Rasp-
berries have been a most abundant crop, and fine in
size and quality. John Wallis, Orwttt Park, near
Ipswick.

The greatest disappointment of the se.T?nn is

128

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Aioust 3, 1889.

tlie disparity, wide as the poles asunder, between
the promise and performance of the Apple crop.
Another was the failure of the bloom to set, caused
by frost. The same remark holds good of Pears and
Plums, though hardly to the same extent. Some
Cherries hardly bloomed at all, those that did, set
indifferently, and the fruit dropped severely. Apri-
cots did not bloom and branches perishing and
trees dying have been rife. Peaches fair, trees
healthy. Small fruit and Strawberries a full crop.
D. T. Fish, Hardwick, Bury St. Edmunds.

The fruit crop is a very disappointing one,

as after all the great show of bloom and the 6ne
promise, the set has been bad, and Apples, Pears,
Plums, and Cherries have fallen wholesale, and
many of those remaining do not look at all likely to
swell satisfactorily. I attribute a good deal of this
to the sudden transitions from almost scalding heat
to cold, and vice versa, which took place while the
skin of the young fruits was tender. J. Shcppard,
Woolverstone Park, Ipswich.

Essex. — We had a capital show for Apples and
Pears. The trees were loaded with bloom, and later
we appeared to have a splendid set. Dry weather
and cold winds were very prevalent in the early, part
of May, and many of our Apple and Pear trees lust
their foliage at that time, and with the leaves the
fruit also dropped. The most Apples which I have seen
have been on bush trees on Paradise stocks. Plums
did not show well, neither did Cherries, but of
the latter we have a fair crop. Strawberries have
been a magnificent crop — James Veitchand Dr. Hogg
do remarkably well here. Bush fruit is very good
all round. Plum trees are in a sad state with aphides.
Peaches and Nectarines are not much grown in the
open in this neighbourhood. Figs are a good crop.
Arthur Ocock, Havering Park, Romford.

Apples, though they blossomed abundantly,

set badly. Pears were the same, and the quality is
not good. Plums are a good crop, but the quality is
indifferent, owing to aphis on the leaves. Cherries
as standards and on the wall are excellent, except
Morellos, which are not a good crop ; the fruit
seemed to shrivel up on the trees. Apricots are
much under average, but the fruit is sure to be good.
Strawberries and all small fruits are healthy as
regards the bushes, and the quality of Raspberries
is especially good. Jas. Douglas, Great Gearics, I/ford.

To judge from the appearance of Apple and

Pear trees during their blooming period, it would
have been thought that we should have such a season
for fruit as we have not had of late years ; but, alas !
it fell soon after seeming to set, leaving very little
fruit in this neighbourhood. The varieties I notice
with a few fruits are : — King of Pippins, Cox's
Pomona, Kibston Pippin, and London Pippin.
Pears : — Louise Bonne, Beurre Bosc, and Doyenne du
Cornice. A few Plums on walls, none on standards,
a few Peaches and Nectarines ; Morello Cherries
are an excellent crop ; bush fruits are generally
scarce, but heavy crops of Strawberries of very fine
quality. James Vert, Audlcy End.

The hardy fruit crops vary considerably in this

district. Effects of caterpillars are observable where
attention was not given them. There is generally
a good show of Apples, Pears, and Plums. Peaches
and Nectarines are a fair crop, though they have
been much subject to blistering of the leaves. Straw-
berries an abundant and fine crop. Bush fruits
generally good in quality and numbers, with a heavy
crop of Raspberries. My own crops of Apples and
Plums were never so abundant and good. To give
Editor some idea what my large standard orchard
trees are like as regards quantity and quality of the
various kinds I send on branchlets. [Laden. Ed.]
William Earley, Double House, I/ford.

MIDLAND COUNTIES.

NoTrs. — Apples showed plenty of bloom, but were
weak, and of what did appear to set a great quantity
fell off, and the caterpillar made terrible havoc among
t le remainder, so that there will be only a light
cop. Pears the same. Plums are good average

crop. Cherries are good and plentiful, and I never
knew the trees to be cleaner from aphis. Apricots very
light; they did not bloom well. Small fruits are
abundant and tine. Strawberries a most extraordi-
narily large crop. Noble will take a place as an early
variety either for forcing, or out-of-doors, and for
late work Waterloo and Jubilee are excellent. A.
Henderson, lltorcsby, Ollcrton, Newark.

Judging from the general healthy appearance

of the trees and the abundance of bloom, the Apple
crop promised to be the most abundant I have
hitherto had, but whether owing to the immaturity
of the wood or the occasional showers, together with
a few dull days during the flowering period, I know
not, but many of the varieties did not set their fruits.
Pears are considerably below the average. Peaches
and Nectarines are almost a failure, and so also
are Apricots. Cherries, both sweet and Morello,
are a fair average, while Plums are under. Bush
fruits generally are good, and Strawberries a very
heavy crop. M. Gleesou, Clumber Gardens, Worksop.

Leicester. — Fruit crops in this country are more
often lost by frost when the trees are in blossom than
by any other cause. The late spring was an
exception, no frost of sufficient severity to destroy the
prospects of fruit having occurred ; nevertheless, the
failure in our orchards is complete. Heavy rains
and prolonged easterly gales seem to have acted pre-
judicially on the blossoms, and while vegetable
action was checked, insects were active. Six days
without sun, and almost constant rain, could not but
act most unfavourably on the fruit blossoms. 6'18
inches of rain was recorded in May. I do not
remember a more complete failure in orchard fruit
than that of the present season. Bush fruit (with
the exception of Black Currants (a generally safe
crop, but this year a failure) is satisfactory. Straw-
berry crop specially abundant. William Ingram,
Belvoir Castle Gardens, Grantham.

Of Peaches we have very few, and those only

on the old trees. Apricots showed plenty of bloom,
but very little of it set. Pears are very thin of good
kinds ; and the fruit much deformed. Applps are
very partial, some trees bearing a good crop ; all
had a good show of bloom, but the greater part did
not set, and the leaves have been very much eaten
with caterpillars. Strawberries have been very fine,
especially Sir Joseph Paxton, and now we are
picking very fine fruit of MacMahon. Black Cur-
rants are a thin crop in some gardens. Red Cur-
rants a heavy crop. Gooseberries thin on the
whole. Plums set a heavy crop, but have fallen off
since. G. C. Maynard, Cole Orton, Ashby-de-la-Zouch.

Warwick. — A very disastrous year amongst
Apples ; the blossom had the appearance of being
fairly good and plentiful, but probably the fruit-buds,
owing to the wet, sunless season of 1888, were
immature, hence the failure at setting time of all
with the exception of some of the coarser varieties,
such as Cellini, which is, indeed, crowded ; Lord
Suffield, that generally behaves so well, is this year
with us barren. Pears on walls are better, but on
standards generally speaking they are a failure.
Plums with us are only poor and partial, but there
are instances of good crops. Cherries are under the
average of last year. Apricots are a total failure.
Small fruits, such as red and black Currants and
Strawberries, are plentiful and good. There will be
few Hazel Nuts and Walnuts. William Miller,
Combe Abbey Gardens.

AH kind of fruit trees were very much eaten

with caterpillars early in the season. Apples, Pears,
Plums, and Cherries had an abundance of bloom, but
it failed to set well ; Strawberries have heavy crops,
and are very fine ; Gooseberries also are very good ;
black Currants with me are good, but they are gene-
rally very poor in this neighbourhood ; red Currants
are a good crop, but rather blighty. J. Bowler,
Caldecot Gardens, Nuneaton, Warwick.

All wall trees are badly blighted — never have

seen them worse, and stone fruit will be very small.
Apples and Pears promise to be good. late rains
having come just in time for them. 7f. Greenfield
Priory Gardens, Warwick,

Northamptonshire.— Our Apple crop is very good ;
Wyken Pippin, Golden Noble, Lord Suffield, Cockle
Pippin, are amongst the best. Strawberries have
suffered very much from drought. Black Currants
are a poor crop ; but Gooseberries, red Currants, and
Raspberries are plentiful. G. Goldsmith, F/oore Gar-
dens, Wecdon.

Beds. — The prospects for an abundant crop of
fruit in the blossom stages were most cheering
especially Pears, Plums, and Cherries. Apples were
very sparse, still there was observable a flimsiness
in the petals which raised apprehensions, which, in
the case of Pears, have been realised — they are a light
crop. Cherries dropped badly at the stoning period;
Plums are a good crop on some trees, they will re-
quire thinning; Strawberries have been an enormous
crop, the size of the fruit being unsurpassed. Win. M.
Baillie, Luton Hoo Park, Luton.

The cold, sunless season of 1888 has pro-
duced a marked effect on the fruit, crops this year.
Through immature wood Apples and Pears are much
below average, the foliage of the former being again
eaten up by caterpillars. There are few or no Apri-
cots ; Plums are infested with aphides ; Morello
Cherries are fairly good. Strawberries have been a
heavy crop , Raspberries good ; Currants thin ; and
Nuts a failure. Alex. McKay, Woburn Abbey, Woburn.

■ The fruit crops in this locality vary very

much, on the whole they are very deficient in
quantity ; we had plenty of bloom on almost all kinds
of fruit trees, but the wood not being well ripened
last autumn, and the east wind prevailing during
the greater part of the spring, are, no doubt
the principal causes of the deficiency of the crop this
season. Strawberries are a heavy crop and good
Currants and Raspberries abundant and good.
Gooseberries rather thin. Charles Turner, Cranficld
Court, Newport Pagnell.

Oxford. — Apples, Pears (except en walls), Plums
and Cherries, are very poor, although promising so
well early in the season. Peaches and Nectarines
suffered much from blister and a good deal of last
year's wood died back, probably through being im-
mature. The early Peaches Amsden June, Alex-
ander, and Waterloo, carry good crops, and the trees
are very healthy. Apricots are very few, and small
fruits abundant and good. No caterpillars attacked
the Gooseberries this year. Strawberries are plentiful
and fine. Nuts very scarce. Walnuts none, and
the young wood, especially on the tops of the trees, is
dead in many cases. George Stanton, Park Place,
Henley-on- Thames.

Bucks. — Fruits in many places are very unsatis-
factory indeed, and no wonder, if we consider the
nature of the elements that prevailed last year, a
superabundance of moisture causing a vigorous
growth in the trees, and scarcely any sunshine to
ripen it are conditions that naturally would result
in this way, to some degree or other. The effect the
frost had on the growth of Peach and Nectarine trees
plainly proved the fact, as many of these were so
injured that they had to be cut back very severely, and
the crop is very light indeed. G. T. Miles, Wycombe
Abbey, High Wycombe.

Our first Apple to flower was Early Peach,

and it is bearing a heavy crop on small bush trees ;
many other varieties on small trees are only half a
crop ; Cox's Orange Pippin on large orchard trees
are hanging " like ropes of Onions." Lane's Prince
Albert is also bearing freely, and Blenheim Orange
oa trees that were] root-pruned two years ago is
bearing freely ; other s not pruned are barren. Trees
as a rule, are healthy, and free from blight. J. Smith,
Mentmore, Leighton Bu::ard.

Apples and Pears are generally very thin in

this neighbourhood, and may be considered a failure.
The trees have also been infested with caterpillars —
to a lesser extent than last year, — but look better
since the recent showers, and making a cleaner
growth. Plums and Cherries are a very light crop.
Peaches and Nectarines on walls are a good average
crop ; the trees also look well. Strawberries have
been very good ; also Gooseberries, Currants, and
Raspberries. Nuts generally are a failure. I notice

jShiGDST :!. 1889.J

TEE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

129

also the Oak. and Beech are everywhere quite fruit-
less. C. Herrin, Dropmore.

Strawberries abundant, large, and of good

flavour. Gooseberries, Currants of sorts, and Rasp-
berries very plentiful and very large and line. There
was a splendid show of bloom for Apples and Pears,
but, I think, owing to the wet and cold season of last
year, and the very early and severe frosts, the wood
<lid not come to maturity, so that it was not able to
carry the fruit to perfection, although we had a good
set. J. Bone, Latimer Gardens, Chesham.

Herts. — This season's fruit crop generally I con-
sider bad. Strawberries are the only fruit that are
over the average. Plums, Cherries, and Teaches
are average. Apricots, Pears, and Apples are under.
The crops of the two last named are not only small,
but they are much damaged by a severe hail-storm
we had on June 7. («'. Norman, Hatfield House
Hatfield.

The Apple crop here is a complete failure,

The year 1889 will be noted for the size, quality, and
quantity of the Strawberries. J. C. Mundell, Moor
Park Gardens, Riekmansworth.

Apples blossomed profusely, but on examina-
tion a great deal of it was found to be defective, and
on the great majority of the trees there is not now a
single Apple. The varieties carrying a fair crop are
Keswick and Dutch Codlins, Hawthornden, Norfolk
Beautin, Herefordshire Pearmain, andFearn's Pippin.
I In lighter and warmer soils in the district there are
fair crops of some varieties. •/. Kipling, Knebworth,
Stevenage.

WESTERN COUNTIES.
Gloucestershire. — Apples never looked more
promising, but east wind and scorching sun during
the blooming period prevented them from setting.
What fruit there is, is damaged by insects, especially
by the maggot. The trees before the second growth

Currants and Gooseberries have heavy crops, while
Raspberries and Strawberries which were assisted
with liquid manure had enormous crops of tine fruit.
I think highly of the Waterloo Strawberry as a late
kind. Seldom have we had fruit for preserving of
such good quality, combined with such a favourable
time for gathering. Muts are very thin indeed.
Thomas Coomber, The Hendre. Gardens, Monmouth.

Hereford. — Apples and Pears, of which this
county has more than 20,000 acres, are the lightest
and poorest crop we have had since 1861. The
flower buds at one time looked promising, but the
loss of the first growth last year by grub, followed by
unfavourable ripening weather, left the trees in so
unsatisfactory a condition that experienced growers
are by no means surprised at the result. The loss
to this county alone cannot fall far short of £100,000.
Plums are partial, inclining to light, and are badly
blighted. Cherries on walls fairly good, in Orchards
very thin. Strawberries plentiful and good. Bush

Fig. 19. — view in thh Cambridge botanic oarden. (see p. 126.)

although we had a fair show for bloom : I scarcely
know which did the most damage — the birds in
searching for the caterpillars and maggots, or the
insects themselves — every blossom-bud being nipped
off as though they had been clipped with a pair
of scissors. Pears are much below average, particu-
larly the late kinds. Plums of all kinds are also
thin, and Damsons about half a crop; Apricots a
partial crop, some trees bearing a fair crop, others
none ; Peaches and Nectarines an average crop,
where the wood was sufficiently ripened last season.
Strawberries rather under average, but good — season
short, owing to the heavy rains after the hot weather
in May. Gooseberries and Currants abundant crops,
and good. R. Buffet, Panskanffer, Hertford.

The Apple crop was entirely destroyed

toy caterpillar, after setting well. Trees are
defoliated, although they were washed with soot,
lime, and sulphur during the winter. Pears are also
suffering, especially pyramids, the trees on walls
escaping. Apricots, very good ; under protectors a
full i rop. Bush fruits of all kinds very abundant.

had the whole of the leaves perforated by the cater-
pillars. Rears are under average, but the fruit bids
fair to be very tine. The rain in the early part of
June, and the bright warm weather afterwards,
suited Strawberries, the result being a tine crop.
Bush fruit is very plentiful. Walnuts and other Nuts
are a total failure. A. Chapman, Weston Birl,
Tetbunj.

Monmouth. — Apples blossomed irregularly in this
district, and set fruit very scantily, and at the present
time a good portion of what did set is dropping off,
so that the crop is almost a failure. The " oldest
inhabitants " do not remember such a light crop.
Pears are partial and much beneath a full crop.
Some trees on south walls, viz., Jargonelle, Flemish
Beauty, Brockworth Park, Beurre Diel, and Easter
Beurrti have good crops. Plums blossomed freely,
and the crop may be termed an average one. Vic-
toria, Washington, Green Gage, and Kirke's are
carrying the most fruit. Apricots did not flower
well, but Cherries did, while both have thin crops ;
the quality of the latter is, however, excellent.

fruits heavy and tine. Peaches clean and healthy
crops, partial in some gardens, in others very good,
and requiring much thinning. W. Coleman, Eastnor
Castle, Ledbury.

Apples and Pears almost a complete failure,

owing undoubtedly to the wet, cold, sunless summer
of 1888. Trees which have hitherto regularly
borne and perfected excellent crops, are absolutely
without a fruit. Teaches, Nectarines, Apricots, and
Hums are much under the average, so also are black
and red Currants — black ones especially, the red being
small and inferior in quality. Strawberries, Morello
Cherries, Raspberries and Gooseberries are much
over the average, indeed I do not remember having
seen such a crop of Strawberries. Richard Thomas,
The Gardens, Doa-nton Castle, Ludlow.

Worcestershire. — The wretched season of 1888
is mainly responsible for the general failure of the
Apple crops ; owing to the imperfectly ripened state
of the wood and buds, the flowers were so weak
that they failed to set, and consequently dropped oil"
wholesale. This was combined with the severest

130

THE GARDENERS" CHRONICLE.

[ August 3, 1889.

attack ever experienced in this locality of the winter
moth and other caterpillars, which hatched out in
myriads, devouring the little fruit which was appa-
rently set, and completely defoliating hundreds of
trees. At this stage hand-picking seemed to be the
only remedy, but we hope to practise prevention in
future, by using quicklime to the branches in
winter, and the recommended smear of grease iu the
autumn. W. Crump, Madresjie/d Court, Malvern.

Taking it altogether, the fruit crops in this

district are the worst on record. Apples are a com-
plete failure; this I attribute in a great measure to
the green unripened state of the wood, consequent
on a wet summer ; for although " aged " trees
flowered fairly well, the blossoms were weak, puny,
and undeveloped. The flowering period was followed
by an attack of caterpillars, which in most instances
denuded the trees of their foliage, from the effects of
which they are only just recovering. Pears have to
a great extent escaped the caterpillar, but the crop is-
a very light one. l'lums and Damsons are fairly
good crops, but these are partial. Peaches, Nectarines,
Apricots, and Cherries are very light crops indeed,
especially the last named ; the growth is now all that
can be desired, being clean and healthy. Bush fruits
on the whole are plentiful and tine, the only excep-
tion being black Currants. Strawberries have been
very fine, and the crop was enormous. Julm Austen,
Withy Court Gardens, Stoitrport.

Although favoured in the garden, I am sorry

to say that the fruit crop in our district is
almost a failure. The ravages of the caterpillar
have been almost past conception, and unless some
remedy can be found, whole plantations must perforce
be grubbed up, and the ground devoted to other
crops. With us Apples look healthy, and the fol-
lowing are carrying full crops: — Worcester Pear-
main, Hawthornden, Ribston Pippin, Chancellor,
Sturmer Pippin, Keswick Scarlet, Nonpareil,
Warner's King, and Prince Albert. Pears promise
to be highly coloured ; Bishop's Thumb, Beurre Ranee,
Beurre d'Aremberg, Louise Bonne, Easter Beurre,
and Josephine de Malines are full crops. Bush fruits
are a very heavy crop all round. Strawberries were
a good promise, but spoiled by the drought. Apricots
a fine crop and very clean. W. Child, ('room Court,
Severn Stoke.

Salop. — After a most abundant bloom, our Apple
crop is most disappointing, though some kinds are
full crops, and need thinning, especially so Golden
Winter Pearmain and Lord Suffield. Pears have good
crops all round, also Plums, although Damsons are
rather thin, and badly infested by red-spider.
Peaches, Nectarines, and Apricots are " conspicuous
by their absence." Strawberries have been more
plentiful and better than for mauy years past. A. S.
Kemp, Haughton Ball, Shifnel.

Apples, on the whole, are rather under average,

still, some sorts are heavily laden ; Warner's King,
Stirling Castle, King of the Pippins, Tower of
Glamis, Cox's Orange, Carlisle Codlin, Peasegood's
Nonsnch, and Lord Suffield, are all very full of fruit.
Of Pears, the best are Beurre d'Amanlis, Beurre Diel,
and Doyenne du Cornice. In Plums the best are
Coe's Golden Drop, and Kirke's Black. J. Louden,
The Quinta, Chirk.

The fruit crop in this district is very much

under the average. Apples are very partial, in some
orchards two-thirds of the trees are devoid of fruit
altogether. The varieties which are bearing the best
crops are Hawthornden, Lord Suffield, Queening
Stirling Castle, Ribston and Cox's Orange Pippins'
Winter Greening, Lord Burghley.and Pott's Seedling-
Pears are an average crop, Marie Louise, Jargonelle,
Williams' Bon Chretien, Louise Bonne of Jersey,
Doyenne du Cornice, Easter Beurre, Beurre Ranee,
Sterckmanns, Diel, Forelle, Pitmaston Duchess, and
Hacon's Incomparable are carrying heavy crops.
Plums are only half a crop. Peaches, Nectarines,
and Apricots are quite a failure, but the trees are
making grand growth, and are very clean. Straw-
berries have done remarkably well, especially Black
Prince, Vicomtesse, II. de Thury and President.
All small fruits are plentiful and free from

blight. E. Milner, Sundomc Castle Gardens, Shrews-
bury.

Staffordshire. — Apples when in bloom promised
very heavy crops, but owing, I presume, to the dull,
wet, cold season we had last year, the bloom did not
set well ; however, we shall have good average crops
of Keswick's Codling, Lord Suffield, Cellini Pippin,
Blenheim and Small's Admirable ; other varieties are
thin. Strawberries are a very heavv crop and good.
Currants, Black and Red, are abundant and good.
Gooseberries are the lightest crop we have had here
for years. J. Wallis, Keele Hall Gardens, Newcastle.

Cheshire.— Amongst the kinds of Apples having
good crops are Lord Suffield, Stirling Castle, Haw-
thornden, Ribston, Cox's Orange, and Kerry Pippin.
Marie Louise and Louise Bonne of Jersey Pears have
fair crops ; Jargonelle, Bon Chretien, and others,
have scarcely any. Plums are few, as are Damsons.
Morello Cherries are an average crop, but the others
poor. Small fruits are a very poor crop here, owing
to the sparrows and other birds taking off the
buds in spring. In the surrounding district the small
fruits are, I believe, good. Strawberries are under
with us, but this is partly owing to our having planted
Sir Joseph Paxton ; which is a variety that will not
do here. Robert Mackellar, Abney Hall, Cheadle,

SOUTHERN COUNTIES.
Middlesex. — Taken generally, the fruit crop is only
an average one. Small fruits are plentiful, especially
Strawberries and Raspberries. Apples bloomed pro-
fusely, but did not set well. Culinary Apples are
more plentiful than choice kinds. Keswick Codlin
and Hawthornden have a fair crop. King of the Pip-
pins, Irish Peach, and Cox's Orange, are the best of
the dessert Apples. Pears are an uneven crop.
Glout Morceau, Beurre Diel, Marie Louise, Marie
Louise d'Uccle, and Louise Bonne of Jersey, are the
most prolific. Plums are only an average crop.
Cherries are good on walls, Morellos especially so.
Apricots are good on south walls, and a total
failure on other aspects ; the frost destroyed all
the bloom on the west walls. Peaches and
Nectarines are a very poor crop, but the trees
are in a healthy condition, and are very clean.
Geo. Wythcs, Syon House, Brentford.

Pears, Apples, and Cherries are scarce, not

through spring frost (the usual cause), but from
weakness caused probably by the low temperature
of last year. A large crop appeared to be set, but a
great proportion dropped, and this failure continued
long after the usually critical period. 7?. I). Blaeknwre,
Teddington.

Apples and Pears though thin are now show-
ing up well, and promise good size and quality. The
early Apples of the district seem to be fruiting the
best. Late kinds are very thin indeed. Hessel
Pears in the market orchards fruiting fairly well,
Bon Chretiens thinly ; Alexandre Lambre with me
are still the best and most persistent average cropper
on the Pear stock. Plums very thin indeed, Dam-
sons also ; Morello Cherries are fair this year ; sweet
Cherries moderate, but clean and good. Goose-
berries a big crop in some gardens; in others very
thin. Currants generally a heavy crop, black
varieties especially. Raspberries very good also.
Strawberries a wonderful crop. Very little wall
fruit grown about here, and that little is verv
thin indeed. Nuts seem to be a totsl failure.
A. Dean, Bedfont.

Surrey. — The crops of Apples and Pears in this
district are a total failure. Pears were rather shy in
flowering, owing to the immature wood of last
season, but they set well, and began to swell freely.
The Apple bloom was more plentiful, and of more
substance than the Pears ; these also set freely.
Plums, again, were set in clusters on every branch,
and everything looked promising for a bountiful fruit
return. Then came the plague of caterpillars, which
devoured the whole of the fruit and leaves, so that
the trees were as bare as in January. This district
suffered much more than others, owing, I think,
to the quantity of Oak plantations and timber which

surround us, and where the moth seems to harbour.
For miles around, the Oaks seemed as if there had
been a fire underneath them. Strawberries have been
an exceptionally tine crop, both in size and quality ;
also Currants and Gooseberries. Raspberries are a
very fine crop, and of good quality ; Cherries and
Peaches are fair crops on walls. A. Evans, Lythe Hilt,
Haslenwre.

Our fruit crops of all kinds except Straw-
berries are very much under average. We have not
had such a short crop of Apples for years. Pears
are rather better than I had expected at one time.
Black Currants are a very short crop, while red are
fairly plentiful. Raspberries are a very good crop,
and fine. Strawberries are the one exception to
the general failure, and they have been very abun-
dant and fine. <l. Burnett, Tin' Deepdene Gardens,
Dorking.

Kent. — The fruit crop in this district is, on the
whole, abundant, excepting Apricots, Pears, and
Nuts. Strawberries and Raspberries especially
good, but the Strawberry season was short ; recent
rains are prolonging Raspberries. Bush fruit good
and clean, trees free from caterpillar and aphis.
Fred. Moore, Blendon Hall, Bexley.

The Apple crop in this district is veryamall

indeed, the ravages of the caterpillars in some
instances having deprived the trees of nearly every
leaf of the first growth. Gooseberries are fairly
plentiful, as are Currants and Raspberries, the latter
in these gardens being above the average in size and
quantity. Peaches and Nectarines on walls very
light indeed, though covered with bloom in spring.
Strawberries here only average as to crop, and short
as to season, owing to excessive heat and drought.
Figs on walls promise to ripen earlier than usual,
and are a good crop. G. A. Don, Bedgebury Park,
Hawkhurst.

- The fruit crops here are far below the
average, with the exception of bush fruits and Straw-
berries, which are plentiful and good. Apples and
Pears are scarce. Apricots and Nuts are a complete
failure. Peaches and Nectarines very thin. Plums
about half a crop. Damsons thin. We had a mag-
nificent show of blossom on all orchard trees, but to
the previous year's unripened wood and a plague of
caterpillars may be attributed the failure. The trees
have, however, made sturdy growth, and are now
clean and healthy. C. Sutton, Chevening Gardens,
Sevenoaks.

Sussex. — The spring was late, the blossom most
beautiful ; but the weather was very hot, and the
setting was deficient both in Apples and Pears.
Old trees which made but little wood last year and
consequently matured it better, have borne the best
crops. We have abundance of the following Apples
(.garden 400 feet above sea-level) : Northern Green-
ing, Hawthornden, Duchess of Oldenburg, Stirling
Castle, Colonel Vaughan, Codlin, White Paradise,
King of the Pippins, Orange Pippin, Besspool, Old
Nonsuch, Winter Nonsuch, Evagil's, Betty Geesson,
Ringmer, Tower of Glamis, Hoary Morning, Easter
Pippin, Adam's Pearmain, Blenheim Pippin. Joseph
Bust, Eridge Castle, To abridge Wells.

The Apple crop in this district falls short of

1888, although in the gardens here we have an
average crop of good quality. The rains of the past
fortnight have been very beneficial — we had no rain
whatever in June. The foliage generally is strong,
clean, and full of vigour. The maggot appeared on
our Apples again this year, but we were able to get
rid of the pest. Pears with us did not show much
blossom. We are under in crop and in quality ; other
persons hereabout speak more favourably. Small fruits
are abundant, clean, and good. Strawberries were
with us good in every way, and fully a week earlier
than usual. Vicomtesse II. du Thury still holds the
sway with us. H. E. Holme, Ashbumham Gardens,
Bottle.

Hants. — The season in some respects has been
more disastrous than that of last year. Apples are
a total failure. The Caterpillars literally stripped
the trees of every vestige of foliage and blossom.
Pears were also similarly, but later attacked, so that

AuacsT 3. 1389.]

THE GA RDENER S' CHE ONI CL E.

131

heavy thunderstorms washed away the depredators
before they had completed the destruction of the
•crop. Fruit trees on walls that were repeatedly
washed with a powerful garden-hose are carrying
fair crops ; but obviously such a mode of preserva-
tion is only practicable on a very limited scale, and
if hardy fruit— so called— cultivation is to depend
on these means, the words that one so frequently
hears, namely, "Fruit growing for profit," must be
obliterated. W. Wildsmith, Heckfield Gardens, Winch-
field.

The Strawberry season in this neighbourhood

has been the best yet experienced, the fruit being of
remarkable quality. Two varieties mainly are grown
by the market men ; namely, Alice Maud and Sir
Joseph Paxton. Bush fruits are excellent crops, the
<fuality being very good ; Gooseberries are especially
heavy. Edwin Molyjieux, Bishops Waltham.

Berks.— Apples, Pears, and Plums showed abund-
ance of bloom, but a very small percentage set. This
I attribute to the wet season of 1888— the wood being
imperfectly ripened. Standard Pears and Plums
almost a failure. Apples : Blenheim Orange, Lord
Suffield, Irish Peach, King Pippin, and Hanwell
Souring will give us the best returns. Strawberries
were never more plentiful and fine. Raspberries,
Currants, and Gooseberries in abundance. J. H. Rose,
Lockingc Gardens, Wantage.

That the fruit crop this year is a partial

failure is the direct result of the wet, almost sunless
summer of 1888. Apples, Pears, and Apricots, are
much the worst with us, the first-named especially so,
the best being Carlisle Codlin and Ribston Pippin.
Strawberries have been very good indeed, but were
soon over. Noble is a grand acquisition among the
■earlies, and will be planted largely. Win. Pope, The
Gardens Highclere Castle.

Wilts. — At the time the fruit trees were in
flower, the prospect of a good all-round year of fruit
•was great, and although the fruit crop for 1889 will
fall far short of expectations, it will be by no means
a very bad one. It is true the Apple crop is almost
a failure, and Pears are not much better. Plums,
too, are a poor crop, except Green Gage, which were
protected while in flower, and the young vigorous
trees ot these are not so well cropped as the old
trees are'both being protected while in flower. The
cause of this is not far to seek ; the wood of the
latter was less sappy, less strong, and consequently
better ripened than that of the young, vigorous
shoots. The hailstorms in June, together with the
plague of caterpillars, are answerable for the scarcity
of Apples, Pears, and Plums generally. Peaches,
Nectarines, and Apricots, are plentiful enough here,
as also are Strawberries and bush fruits. H. W.
Ward, Longford Castle, Salisbury.

The fruit crops in this district cannot be

said to be good all round. Apples in some orchards
are a heavy crop, while in others not an Apple can
be seen. Pears are not good, taking them altogether,
but there is a fair sprinkling of many good kinds,
such as Marie Louise. Plums are good, especially
Greengages. Small fruits and Strawberries have
been excellent in every way. C. Warden, Clarendon.

well ; the fruit will be small and the crop partial.
Peaches, Nectarines, and Apricots, are very good.
Small fruits are fair, but not very good, particularly
in the case of Black Currants. Strawberries were
very fine, but their season was a short one. James
Enstonc, Wear, near Exeter.

The Apple crop bids fair to be a good

average, the trees were very late in comiug into
flower, and since that time they have received no
check whatever. Pears are scarce, especially late
kinds. The trees were very much blighted, but
there are good crops of Williams' Louise Bonne,
Gratioli, Doyenne du Cornice, and a few others.
Plums are abundant in most places, also Cherries
Peaches and Nectarines are a light crop, the trees
were a little blistered early in the season, but are
now very healthy. Small fruits are plentiful. The
Gooseberry crop is enormous. Geo. Baker, Membland,
Plymouth.

Cornwall. — The Apple crop is very partial, in
many places most abundant, in others almost a
failure. Pears, Peaches, and Nectarines are very
thin, but the trees have made clean, healthy growths.
Small fruits of all kinds are most abundant and
good ; Raspberries the finest I ever saw. James
Murton, Pcncalinick, Truro.

The fruit crops in this neighbourhood were

much injured by the hailstorms and cold winds
which prevailed through the first week in June, con-
sequently we have barely an average crop, and in
unsheltered orchards the crop is below the average.
So great was the check that Apples and Pears
received when in embryo, that they were quite de-
formed ; fine weather set in on June 12, and con-
tinued for a month, which pulled them through, and
caused a rapid improvement. Charles Lee, Boeonnoc,
Lostmithiel.

SOUTH-WESTERN COUNTIES.

Somerset. — Apples are the worst failure noted
for many years. The trees flowered freely, but much
of the blossom was weak, and hence failed to set.
Garden trees are fairly well furnished witu fruit, but
those in orchards are very thinly cropped indeed.
Pears are very partial, and Plums have failed in the
open; but wall trees are carrying good crops. Trees
were very dirty at one time, but are recovering well.
Apricots, under copings especially, set better than
was expected, and Peaches on a south wall are now
doing well. Cherries fairly abundant. Small fruit,
including Strawberries, never more so. W. Iggulden,
Marston House Gardens, Fror/ie.

Devon. — Apples and Pears promised well, the
amount of blossom being great, but did not set well.
Plums, although wearing a very promising show at
tirst, were attacked by aphis, and do not now promise

WALES.

Denbigh. — The long-continued wet aud cold
summer, followed by severe frosts about the end of
September and beginning of October, with 18° of
frost in the middle of that month last year, pre-
cluded all hope of good fruit crops for this year.
The wood being quite unripe, the blossom on most
varieties of fruit trees was so weak that, although we
had a favourable spring, they could not set. P.
Middletou, Winnstag, Ruabou.

Pembroke. — Pears did not bloom well in this dis-
trict this season. Apples are a very fair crop
generally. With us the Blenheim Pippin and
Alfriston are especially fine crops, as are also the
choicer varieties on walls. Plums bloomed well and
gave great promise, but the crop was destroyed by
the cold, wet, windy weather which prevailed while
the trees were in bloom. Geo. Griffin, Slebeck Park,
Haverfordwest.

IRELAND.

Dublin. — Apples are far below average ; indeed,
many good cropping varieties are nil this year.
Pears are the poorest crop we have had for many
years, and Strawberries are a failure, in consequence
of the loug drought here, l'lums are a good crop;
Cherries under average. Apricots and Peaches are
a failure — due, no doubt, in a great measure, to want
of sun to ripen the wood last year. <•. Smith, I <<-
regal Gardens, Dublin.

Apples are generally a fair crop, and in some

cases the trees are very heavily laden with fruit.
The Irish Peach Apple is a case in point, and
Codlins are yielding heavy crops. In some districts
the Apple maggot has proved injurious. Peaches,
Nectarines, and in some cases Plums and Apricots
dropped their fruit after it had set, this being pro-
bably due to the unripened state of the last season s
growth. The Strawberry and Raspberry crop is
large and of fine quality. F. W. Burbidge, Trinity
College Gardens, Bub/in.

Clare. — Apples are a very light crop on account of
wet, cold weather during blooming time. Pears with
us did not suffer so much, being sheltered by walls.
Plums on walls are very good. Standards almost

without fruit. Cherries, all about this neighbour-
hood, extra good. Peaches just live outdoors. All
small fruit is very plentiful and good. Strawberries
excellent. William Rutherford, Dromoland Gardens,
Xcwmarkct-on-Fe> gus.

Kilkenny. — Apples in sheltered situations are a
fair crop, but where much exposed they are almost
a failure. Pears in general are a very light crop.
Amongst Plums, Victoria is a very heavy crop.
Strawberries were remarkably fine, and small fruits
in general are abundant and good. William Gray,
Woodstock, Inistioge.

CHANNEL ISLANDS.

Jersey. — Small fruits, Currants, Gooseberries,
Raspberries, and Strawberries are abundant; Plums
are above the average ; Peaches and Nectarines are
a fair crop, but there is an evident diminution in
the quantity of Apples and Pears, especially of the
earlier kinds ; Apricots are below the average. A
period of drought during the month of June, caused
quantities of Cherries to drop off the trees, and
lessened the crop considerably. Tomato plants
suffered much in their growth during the dry weather,
but appearances are now more favourable. C/ias. B.
Saunders, St. Saviour's.

Scilly. — What little fruit is grown on the Islands
is good this season. Strawberries went off very
quickly by reason of the very dry weather and our
light soil ; Apples are very good and the trees nice
and clean ; Pears suffered somewhat from cold winds
in spring; Plums are fairly good, and small fruit
abundant. Geo. D. Vallance, Treseo Abbey Gardens.

Orchid Notes and Gleanings.

■ « ■

ORCHIDS AT MESSRS. J. VEITCH & SONS.
The pretty new rock-house added to the fine
block of Orchid-houses at the Royal Exotic Nursery
is now, as ever, a pretty sight, with showy, rare, and
curious Orchids, arranged with a natural grace
with Ferns, or suspended so that their panicles
droop over the rocks and foliage and flowers beneath.
A number of fine Cattleyas and L:clias are now
to be seen there, with representatives of other
Orchids in season, among which some noble Onci-
dium macranthum contribute their heavily-laden
twining flower-spikes. Among the rarer plants in
bloom were observed the pretty New Guinea Den-
drobium chrysolabium, and a charming white form
of it ; the rich golden-flowered Acineta chrysantha,
the new Sobralia xantholeuca alba, Angrascum
Scottianum, Cattleya Schofieldiana, and various
pretty forms of Miltonia spectabilis and M.- vexil-

laria.

The Cypripedium-houses contain many rare species
in bloom, and among them the rare and beautiful C.
Taut/.ianum ; and the other houses have a goodly
supply of flowers for the season. •/. OB.

PHAL.TiNOPSIS Mari i .
Of the more recently discovered species of Phalas-
nopsis this is probably the prettiest. Although it
has not the striking appearance of the larger-
flowered P. grandiflora, it is not surpassed by any in
the grace and delicacy of its blossoms. It is figured
in the Botanical Magazine, t. 0961, from a plant
which was presented to Kew by Messrs. Low, and which
flowered there in 1887. This plant is now in bloom,
and bears a pendulous, branching raceme of sixteen
dowers. Individually, these are \h inch in diameter,
the sepals end petals being white, marked with a few
large reddish-brown blotches. The lip is mainly of
a reddish-purple, the margin being white; on the
disk it is thickly clothed with white hairs. The
species was discovered by Mr. J. W. Burbidge on
the main island of the Sulu Archipelago, and at
present is a rare plant in cultivation. W. B.

Acineta densa, IAndt.
When noting the long-lost Acineta chrysantha,
Lindl., the other day (p. 94), two other plants were

132

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 3, 1889.

mentioned as showing flower in the Kew collection.
Both are now expanded, and belong to the well-
known A. densa. The two species bear a rather
close resemblance to each other when not closely
examined, as they have much in common, both in
form and colour, though even in this they are not
identical ; but on looking at the details of the lip
they are seen to be markedly different. A. chry-
santha has a long curved horn arising from the very
base of the crest behind, and directed backwards to
the base of the column ; in A. densa the horn is very
short and stout, quite erect, and situated a little
distance from the crest — quite clear of it, at least.
Both are decidedly handsome, and as it is possible
that the rarer one may have been sometimes over-
looked, on account of its close resemblance to the
other, it would be well for those who have plants to
give an eye to these characters, and thus detect any
possible mistake. E. A. Rolfe, Herbarium, Kew.

The genus Acineta consists, at the present

time, of eight or nine species, all of them ornamental
Orchids, the species under notice being one of the
best. Several plants are now flowering finely at
Kew, in baskets suspended from the roof, the thick,
pendent flower-spikes proceeding from the bottom of
the basket. When spread out the flowers measure
3 inches in diameter, but they do not open to their
full extent. The sepals are broadly oblong, and
somewhat hood-shaped, deep yellow in colour, faintly
spotted with purple ; the petals are spathulate, not
so large as the sepals, and more distinctly spotted.
The lip is rich in colour, the yellow ground being
partly covered with blotches of deep red. One plant
has a spike 1 foot long, bearing sixteen flowers.

On account of their easy culture and characteristic
appearance Acinetas should find a place in all col-
lections. During growth they require to be kept in
an intermediate-house, and removed to a cool-house
when in flower. The habit of pushing their flower-
spikes from the bottom of the plant renders basket
cultivation preferable. For the same reason it would
be improper to use flat crocks in the drainage, but
by having baskets of not more than 2 inches in
depth, and placing a few pieces of charcoal, covered
with good sphagnum, on the bottom, no impediment
is offered to the downward course of the roots.
A compost of peat-fibre, sphagnum, and small crocks
is well suited for all the species. W. B.

A NEW KACE OF LILACS.

Theke may be found in some gardens still, a very
old variety of the common Lilac under the name of
Syringa a/.urea plena. I do not know the origin of
this plant. It produces small panicles of clear-
coloured flowers, in each of which there are a num-
ber of corollas arranged one within the other. It is
a teratological curiosity, but as an ornamental plant
quite destitute of value, as the rare flowers are quite
hidden by the foliage. This variety, as the flowers
have no stamens, and the pistils are either abortive,
or so hidden among the numerous corolla-lobes as to
be beyond the reach of insects, does not produce
seeds naturally. But it will sometimes seed with
the aid of artificial fertilisation ; and seeds secured
in this way produced the first of the double-flowered
Lilacs introduced during the last few years.

It is eighteen years since this plant, artificially
fertilised in my nursery with pollen of various Lilacs,
bore a few seeds, which afterwards germinated.
Some of the best varieties of Syringa vulgaris, such
as Ville de Troyes, sanguinea, &c, were selected as
pollen-parents in this experiment, and the pollen of
Syringa oblata, a species remarkable for its early
flowers and for the brilliant colouring of its foliage
in autumn, was also used. The characters of this
species, to which an article recently published in
Garden and Forest has called attention, were trans-
mitted to one of the seedlings derived from this cross.
This was first sold under the name of Syringa
bybrida hyacinthiflora plena. The term " hybrida,"
which is found still on the catalogue of the Maison
Lemoine, was used to show that this plant is a true
hybrid between two species of Syringa.

Syringa hybrida hyacinthiflora is already out of
flower, although the flowers on most of our Lilacs
are only just opening; and in autumn it is exceed-
ingly ornamental, with its brilliant red foliage. The
panicles of flowers are large enough, although the
corolla-lobes of the double flowers are narrow and
reflexed. But the production of this plant was a
step in the right direction.

The other seedlings from this first crop of seed
showed no trace of the blood of S. oblata, but there
were some of them which were handsomer than S.
hyacinthiflora plena. The best plant of this set was
sent out under the name of S. vulgaris Lemoinei.
The thyrse of this plant is 8 inches long, and
covered with lilac-blue double flowers, with numer-
ous imbricated corolla-lobes. A number of other
good varieties were in the set differing from S. vul-
garis Lemoinei in the shape of the flowers, in their
colour, in the colour of the flower-buds, or in the
shape and size of the thyrse. These varieties are
Kenoncule, rubella plena, Mathieu de Dombasle,
and Le Gaulois. An attempt was made as soon as
these different varieties flowered to get seeds from
them, and the old S. azurea plena was discarded as a
seed-bearer. The best single-flowered varieties with
flowers of different shapes and colours were used to
cross with the new double-flowered race, and pollen
from the flowers of S. chinensis, even, was tried :
but thi6 last experiment produced no results. A
new set of seedlings was obtained from the second
cross, and among them were some very remarkable
and beautiful plants. From this sowing came
Alphonse Lavalle?, Michel Buchner, President
Grevy, pyramidal, M. Maxime Cornu, &c. Here we
have, in addition to the form and colour of the
flower, remarkable variations. The corolla-lobes in
one variety are round and flat, resembling a Ranun-
culus ; they form in another a globular head, with
the lobes all incurved ; in another they are all re-
flexed ; and in another they are crumpled.

I will not give now a detailed description of each
of these varieties; and it need be said only that we
are constantly experimenting with double-flowered
Lilacs, and that each spring-time sees a new set of
flowers produced, with forms and colours entirely
unknown before. Nearly all the shades of colour
found in the flowers of single Lilacs have been pro-
duced already in this new race. Shades of blue are
represented by A. Lavallei, Michel Buchner, Presi-
dent Gr<§vy, and Leon Simon. The darkest reds
appear in Comte Horace de Choiseul and La Tour
d'Auvergne ; a delicate rose in Virginite ; and we
have now obtained a variety with large, pure blue
flowers. This has not been sent out yet, but it will
appear next week at the Exposition in Paris.
V. Lemoine (Nancy, April 18), in " Gardni and
Forest."

Plants and Their Culture.

Miscellaneous Hints on Stove Plants. — Some
amount of attention is now required by the Amaryllis,
affording a light sunny position to the bulbs, thereby
assisting the ripening. Never let the foliage get
drawn, or the bulbs be checked by want of water and
bottom heat, both being necessary for good growth,
and should not be withheld till the bulbs have com-
pleted it.

Plants grovn to bloom in winter should be ex-
amined, and if needed, cuttings may be put in. Plants
of Eranthemum pulchellum are valued in winter for
the cheerful blue of their flowers. The last Poinsettia
cuttings should be struck singly in small pots, and
flowered in them, no repotting being necessary after
this date. Cuttings of Euphorbia jacquiniflora
rooted late are also effective in the same way. that is
three or four cuttings in a small pot, but giving the
potful a small shift when fully rooted. The early
struck Poinsettias and Euphorbias should now be
repotted and kept growing rapidly, and any that
have filled their pots with roots should be afforded
manure water of some kind — taking care as the
plants complete their growth to cease feeding them.
Plants of Plumbago rosea should be put into a light
position, repotting all the young ones, and placing
them on a shelf near to the roof. Healthy points of

any variety of Croton taken off and struck now, will
be useful in winter. A stock of Panicum variegatum,
Isolepis gracilis, and Tradescantia zebrina, T. quadri-
color, &c, should be secured ; also Selaginellas in
variety, putting the latter into pans, boxes, pots,
or in rich borders. Winter-flowering Begonias
should be kept growing freely, giving small shifts
when necessary. These species of Begonias flower
best when young, in pots of 5 or 6 inches in
diameter. This will apply to many of the plants
that bloom in the winter, as then some kind" of
fertiliser can be given them. Specimens of
Begonia Knowsleyana and B. insiguis which
have been in bloom may be cut back, partially
shaken out of the soil, and repotted, keeping
them close for a few days, and giving water with
care. Many of these winter bloomers, as they in-
crease in size, may be removed to cool frames.
Poinsettias will be dwarfer by being grown in this
way. Epiphyllums should now be exposed to as
much sunshine as is possible, removing them to a
cooler house as their growth is ended. A shelf in a
vinery will be a suitable place, if they are free from
mealy-bug, or scale insect. Allamandas which are
in full bloom will take abundant supplies of liquid
manure. Bougainvillea glabra should have the
weaker shoots removed, and a rest in a cold house, if
required to bloom later in the year. Gardenias
should now be growing freely, and must be well
syringed. Gardenia cuttings struck some weeks
since will now be ready to pot up. Plenty of moisture
should be afforded to Ixoras when growing freely,
and the plants kept in a clean condition. Ixoras in
flower are best when put into a dry and cool house. A
sharp watch should be kept on all plant insects about
this date, to prevent the disfigurement of the new
growth. More air and less shade will now be neces-
sary in the stove. Any pot-bound Ferns may yet
be shifted, and young plants from spores, potted and
kept close till they become established. A batch of
Adiantum cuneatum may be placed in a cool house
for late cutting. Tree Ferns should have abundance
of moisture, syringing the trunks three or four times
daily. All fronds of Tree Ferns which may be
infested with insects are better if removed and burnt,
and less badly infested fronds cleaned with an
insecticide. A light fumigation will be found bene-
ficial if given at frequent intervals. Damp down all
available places, but do not syringe the plants over-
head. Filmy Ferns keep cool and moist, shading
them heavily and dewing them over frequently, but
keeping the atmosphere fresh. G. Wi/lhes, Sion
Garden*, Brentford.

The Orchid Houses.

Resting Orchids. — The deciduous Dendrobiums
are now rapidly advancing towards completion of
their growths, and it is well to look out for a
convenient place with a cooler temperature and
drier atmosphere than they have been in of late,
where they may ripen their pseudobulbs ; but in
doing this it is better not to be too hasty in removing
them from their growing quarters to that assigned
for resting, but rather to await the fading of the
leaves, which, taken in conjunction with the fully
matured look of the pseudobulbs, is a sure sign that
the time for restricting the amount of water has
arrived. Drying-off should not be too rigorously
practised, but a little water should be afforded the
plants from time to time in order to keep the pseudo-
bulbs plump, for should shrivelling be allowed,
it will be at the expense of the next year's growth.
In places where general gardening is carried
out, one of the vineries or other plant house
which is kept tolerably airy and unshaded, is a suit-
able place for resting deciduous Dendrobes ; but
where the Orchids are confined to their own quarters
a resting-house or subdivision of a house should
now be set apart, as, in addition to the Dendrobes, we
shall have later the Calanthes, Pleiones, Catasetums,
Mormodes, and other species, which will require to
be placed at least where a strict guard may be main-
tained over the water supply until the leaves have
dropped and the time for growing comes round again.
Even the evergreen Dendrobes, densiflorum and
thyrsiflorum, are improved in vigour by being
removed to cooler and airier quarters in a resting-
house, after the growths are completed, but more
water should be given to these than to those which
lose all of their leaves annually.

Insects. — These plagues run rampant among the
plants which are put away for the fall of the leaf,

August ;i, 1889.]

THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE.

133

and increase and spread very soon among the grow-
ing plants, where they do much mischief ; the restiog-
house should therefore he as strictly attended to in
the matter of the destruction of troublesome insects
as the other houses.

While on the subject of resting plants, it may be
as well to remind growers of Orchids that all the
plants require a certain period of rest after their
growth. The habits of the plants, however, should
indicate the nature of the rest, taking into account
also the climate of the country whence they come.
It is very easy to overdo the resting or drying off
even of strictly deciduous Orchids, but where a period
of rest is afforded in a reasonable manner, it is bene-
ficial for both deciduous and evergreen species,
tending as it does to mark the seasons of growth and
of rest from growth, and ensure the doing of only
twelve months' work in the year, which is one of the
cardinal points to be observed in Orchid culture.

For those who carry it out carefully, I am sure
that a sojourn out of doors, in a sheltered place, during
that part of the summer in which their pseudobulbs
are made up, is good for many upland Brazilian and
other Orchids of hard texture, and especially Onci-
diums of the 0. crispum and 0. concolor section,
Schomburgkias, Mexican Ladias, &c, but, of course,
the plants require much looking after. All
Disas and other South African terrestrial Orchids
grow vigorously in a moist shady place outdoors
with me, and the method of standing them outside
seems the more rational way of treating them during
onr warm season, as it is the coolest in their native
habitat.

The temperatures for August should be : — Warm-
est-house, 75° to 85° by day, 65° to 70° at night ;
intermediate-house. 70° to 80° by day, 65° at night ;
cool-house, 60° to 70° by day, 55° at night. Degrees
Fahrenheit. These degrees of heat to be main-
tained, or even slightly exceeded by sun-heat by day,
when possible. James O'Brien.

The Flower Garden.

Tuberous Begonias. — The value of these plants
for the summer flower garden has not been as yet
fully recognised, but I will say that the newer
varieties are some of the finest summer-flowering
bedding plants which we possess. We make use of
them her^ in quantity, and not a single plant has failed
to grow or flower well. Numbers of the plants are
over 18 inches in height and nearly as much in
width. Rain does not damage the flowers in the
least, which present a contrast to the Pelargoniums,
now looking seedy in the extreme after the
late rains. They are used here in a variety of ways
— singly as " dot " or sentinel plants on an under-
growth of Gnaphalium lanatum.and in some instances
of Sedum glaucum ; also intermixed with small
Retinosporas and Euonymus in round beds 7 feet
across, the edging of which in all cases is a broad
band of variegated Mesembryanthemum, and likewise
in a mass by themselves, after the manner of /.onal
Pelargoniums. This last way is, I think, the least
effective, and will not be repeated ; but the other
modes of arranging them will be extended. I ought,
perhaps, to add, that my Begonias are all of the
single flowering seedling varieties, and only those with
extra stout petals are selected for the seed-parent.
The best plants now in the beds are those which
were raised from seed sown in the spring of 1887.

Violas. — Good as many of these are for summer
bedding, they must take a place after the Begonias,
except, of course, in respect to hardiness, this latter
quality rendering them of greater value than those, to
all who have not the necessary glass structures for
raising them. My reason for alluding to them in con-
nection with Begonias, is, that we have them planted
out with small Japanese shrubs in the same way as
the Begonias are employed ; and, except that the
colours are not vivid, the effect is just as good. Some
persons would probably prefer the quieter colours of
the Violas to the scarlet and rose colours of the
Begonias ; both are excellent, and all points con-
sidered, I question whether there are any other low-
growing plants equally suitable for summer bedding.
Here, in the south, complaint is frequently made
that Violas do not stand the hot sunshine we some-
times get, but this is a mistake. The soil here is of a
light description — the very worst for Violas,
and yet there is no difficulty about having the plants
in full flower throughout the summer. It is simply
a matter of deep digging and free manuring, with
the addition of a mulching of cocoa-fibre in summer

time. Partial shade, I grant, is desirable, but it is
not essential. The shade that small shrubs afford
in the arrangement named above, as well as that
obtained by using the Violas as undergrowth plants to
Dahlias and subtropical plants, is beneficial to them,
and they are excellent for use in this way.

General Work. — Trim evergreen hedges, but do not
shear them in too closely. Yew, Box, Cypress,
and Privet, may be clipped, "but Laurels should be cut
with a knife. Cypresses, and Ketinosporas in vases,
and planted in beds, and on the lawn between the
flower-beds, should have any straggling shoots cut
back so as to preserve compactness of form. Box
edgings should have first attention; and edgings of
Sedum, Heruaria, and moss-like plants generally,
that are used as edgings to flower-beds, should now
have a final clip-over with a pair of sheep-shears.
The plants in the beds should, once a week, have all
seed pods and flowers past their best removed, and as
they become crowded the weaker shoots may be
cut out, these shoots for the most part serving as
cuttings. W. Wildsmith. Hec'cficld.

Fruits Under Glass.

Grapes in Process of Colouring. — Abundance
of air day and night, whenever the weather is not
unfavourable, should be afforded these Vines, and
except in dull, cool weather, no more heat is wanted
in the hot-water pipes. Water should be given
freely to all borders, inside and out ; and, as aids to
growth, the drainings from the manure-heap, diluted,
or soot and fine bone-meal sprinkled on the borders
and washed in with clear water, are all beneficial at
the present time. Continue to syringe the Vines
from which the Grapes have been cut on fine days in
the afternoon, and employ an occasional wash of car-
bolic soap to keep all injurious insects at bay. Give air
in plenty, and keep the laterals pinched back. Where
there are both inside and outside borders to the
early houses, if desirable, one or the other of them
may be examined, and, if necessary, remade, thus
affording the roots time to obtain a hold on the fresh
soil before the cold weather begins. When this
work is undertaken the house should be shaded a
little on sunny days, and a damping down will be
necessary for a week or so — just sufficient to keep
the foliage healthy, and from flagging ; or, in lieu of
the renewal of a border, the surface soil may be
renewed down to the roots, and new material to the
depth of 0 or 8 inches be added, and in this manner
coaxing the roots to the surface, and giving renewed
vigour for another year or two. Pot Vines should
have plenty of air, and be well exposed to the sun to
ripen them off, stopping all lateral shoots, and attend-
ing to the watering.

Figs. — Syringe trees twice a day that are
swelling their fruit, and give manure-water, airing
early in the morning, and shutting up for a short
time in the afternoon : but affording air again at a
later period. Trees that have finished bearing for
the season should have air in abundance, and be
syringed heavily on fine afternoons, simply reducing
the amount of air at that time. An occasional
thorough damping with 2 oz. of carbolic soft-soap to
1 gallon of water will keep the leaves clean, and
improve their appearance. Do not stint the roots
of water ; and the early plants may be stood out-
side in a warm sheltered place, and exposed to the
full sunlight, giving them an occasional syringing.
See that the shoots do not get crowded, and thin
out all weak and stiaggling shoots. II". Bennett,
Bangcmorc, Bnrton-on-Tn flit.

The Kitchen Garden.

Pot Herus. — Mint, Tarragon, Savory, Basil, Mar-
joram, Sage, should be cut according to the needs of
the family, doing it as they approach full flower.
Spread out the herbs thinly in the shade to dry, and
when sufficiently dried, tie them up in handy bunches,
and hang them under the roof of an airy dry shed,
l'ick the flowers of the Camomile when dry and the
sun is shining on the flowers, spreading them out
thinly on paper in a dry room until dry enough to
store in bags. The blooms of pot Marigold should
also be cut, taking them with the stems, but without
foliage ; tie up in bunches, and hang up in the
shade to get dried, afterwards storing the flowers in
paper bags.

Winter Spinach. — It is better to make two sowings

of this in the first half of the month. A run-out
Strawberry brake is very suitable for this crop, and
preparatory to sowing the seeds the ground should
be trenched or double dug. My plan is to take out
an opening 2 feet wide and "two spits deep, the
Strawberry plants and mulching of straw being then
skimmed off the next 2 feet and thrown evenly into
the bottom of the trench ; one spit is then turned
over, and some rich rotten manure is spread on the
top, another spit is then turned over and levelled,
and so on until the whole has been trenched. In
ordinary seasons, and on the generality of soils,
Spinach will stand the winter if sown on the level,
and it is only under very exceptional circumstances
that it is necessary to adopt other means, or to grow
it on ridges. Where this has to be done a sheltered
situation should be selected, as the plants, owing to
the nature of their leaves and root, are liable
to be twisted and blown out of the ground by
winds. If at all practicable sow on the level.
When the plants have developed two pairs of leaves,
thin them out until they stand about 9 inches apart.
Keep the hoe well plied amongst the plants to pro-
mote a healthy growth and keep down weeds. The
distance between the rows should not be less than
18 inches.

Tomatos. — Fruits have set very badly out-of-doors
this season. Keep all lateral and sublateral growths
completely removed, and securely fasten the main
stem to prevent its being injured. Where conveni-
ence for growing the plants under glass exists no time
should be lost in getting some planted to produce a
winter supply. A light airy house is the best place
in which to grow these, and they should be trained
under the glass if for winter use ; but where con-
venience does not exist for this mode of cultivation
they may be grown in pots. Cuttings inserted now
will speedily root, and produce fruit at a time when
ripe tomatos are scarce. If young stock have not
been reared, some of the older plants may be
trimmed in and started.

Cucumbers. — As the days shorten less moisture
will be required for these when growing on
hotbeds, and when watering is necessary, let
it be given as early in the day as possible,
the sashes being removed for a short time after-
wards, to allow the foliage to become dry, or
else have recourse to shading. The linings will now
have to be renewed from time to time, to keep up
the necessary warmth ; some covering should also be
put over the glass at night when the sun declines,
and removed when the sun strikes the frames in the
morning. In order to keep up a supply during
winter, the pit or house, which should be well pro-
vided with heating apparatus, shouli be got in readi-
ness by being well scrubbed inside, and painted where
necessary ; and about the second week of this month
seeds should be planted on little mounds of soil
brought up as close as possible to the glass.

French Beans should now be sown in pots for
winter supply, the pots being cleaned, carefully
crocked, and half filled with a compost of loam,
leaf-mould, and charred soil in equal proportions.
Pots of 9 inches diameter may be used for the first
lot, and of 8 inches afterwards. Five to six Beans
should be placed in each pot, to be reduced subse-
quently to four. Keep the pots under glass
until the seeds have germinated, when they can
be fully exposed to all weathers excepting heavy or
continuous rain. Stand the pots on a floor of coal
ashes or on trellises to secure the ready escape of
the water and to prevent the intrusion of worms.

Cabbages. — The main crop of these should now be
sown on soil of a light character and which has been
well forked over and pulverised, afterwards giving it
a dressing of wood ashes, charred soil, soot, and
lime, which should be well raked in. Throw th<
ground afterwards into beds of 4 feet wide, and alleys
of 18 inches in width. Eight drills should then be
drawn on each bed and the seeds sown. Ellam's
Early, Veitch's Earliest of All, Stuart and Mein's
No. 1, Cook's Early, St. John's Day, are the
earliest varieties. Enfield Market, Large York,
Early Kainham, are excellent successional varieties.
When the plants are of sufficient size they should
be pricked out into nursery lines 6 by 4 inches,
and when they have made a little growth trans-
ferred to their permanent quarters.

Cauliflower to stand the winter should be sown in
late districts after the 12th, and again in about ten
days ; in warmer localities, the 20th, and eveu the
first week in September will be early enough.

Early London, Walcheren, Dickson, Brown &
Tait's Eclipse, and Veitch's Autumn Giant, will be
found good hardy varieties. W. M. Baillie, f.ttton
Hoo.

134

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Annus

1889.

NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS.
Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should
be made payable at the Post Office,
No. 42, DRURY LANE.

SUBSCRIBERS TO
fHE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

*■ who experience any difficulty in obtaining
their Copies regularly, are particularly requested
to communicate with the Publisher (in cases of
delay in the delivery by post, the cover should be
forwarded with complaint ).

W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street,
Strand, W.C.

Now ready, In cloth, lis. 6d.
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

/ Vol. V., Third Series, .IAN. to TUNE, 1889.

W. RICHARDS. 41, Wellington Street, Strand. W.C.

APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.

SHOWS.

MONDAY,

i Southampton (concluded).
Ai «.. ."- Liverpool (concluded).
/ ."Mansfield.

TUESDAY.

i Oxford Carnation ;md Picotee
Ai <;. ti- Union.
( Leicester.

FRIDAY,

Ai'i. 0 — Stamford (two days).

SALES-

THURSDAY,

t Imported Orchids from Ifesftrs. H.

Alt.. s-J Low & Co.; also Orchids in
( flower, at Stevens' Rooms.

CORRECTED AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR THE ENSU-
ING WEEK. DEDUCED FROM THE OBSERVATIONS
OF FORTY-THREE YEARS, AT CHISWICK— 63°.

These is some fear lest we may
Town Trees. become slaves to routine, and go

on planting Planes, and Planes
only, as if there were no other trees equally well
suited to bear the dust and foul air of our great
cities. The real difficulty consists in the fact,
that through the general ignorance of what
trees are available, there is no demand for them.
Nurserymen do not, therefore, keep them in
sufficient numbers for the purpose, and the price
consequently is high. The managers of town
parks and squares would do good service by
planting some of these trees, with the express
purpose of showing what trees will thrive in
smoky localities. We have frequently given
long lists of such trees, but as the subject
is once more attracting attention, we may
again make mention of some that are suitable.
The Maidenhair or Ginkgo tree (Ginkgo adianti-
folia) is one which is pre-eminent in its power of
resisting the evil influences of smoke. Moreover,
it is very elegant, easily propagated by layers, easily
managed, and has scarcely a defect, except that
of scarcity. We need not here refer to its
great interest botanically and geologically — that
is generally known and appreciated by students,
we are alluding now simply to its utilitarian
properties. Those who desire to see for them-
selves how well the tree does in confined locali-
ties may see a tine specimen in the Chelsea
liotanic Garden, another may be found near the
Brewery in the High Street of Brentford — not
a very savoury locality. A third exists in the
private garden of a gentleman at Bow, and
the trunk of which, at 5 feet from the ground,
measures roughly 0 feet 6 inches in girth. It is
altogether a graceful tree, pleasant to the eye,
and grateful for its shade. This particular tree is

interesting, as it is in all probability the fellow
to some which once stood in the adjacent Mile
End Nursery, and which were among the first
planted in this country, as may be read in
Loudon's Arboretum*

it may even be the very tree mentioned in the
following quotation : — " In the Mile End Nursery
are several trees, the highest of which was, in
1*34, 57 feet high, with a trunk 3 feet in
diameter ; and in 1837 it had gained .'J feet in
height. In the grounds of an adjoining villa
there is a tree between 30 and 40 feet high,
which has grown all to one side, in consequence
of the pressure of other trees. This tree pro-
duced abundance of male blossoms in May, 1835,
and is now, June 5, 1837, also in flower." We
have on various occasions figured fine trees of
this species, the last occasion being on March 2 of
this year (p. 265), when we gave an illustration
of a fine specimen at Kew.

Rein, in his very interesting account of the
Industries if Japan, has several references to
• this tree, from which we extract the following
particulars : —

" Ginkgo biloba.L. (SalisburiaaJiantifolia, Smith),
must be considered a unique specimen among exist-
ing Conifers, on account of its leaf, blossom, ami
l'lum-like fruit forms. Kindred specimens were
widely scattered over the northern hemisphere in the
tertiary period, but are now reduced to the single
Ginkgo of Eastern Asia. It is now known only in a
cultivated state. The Chinese and Japanese culti-
vate it partly on account of its edible fruits, but
principally for the adornment of their temple-courts
and cemeteries. It grows rapidly, reaches large
dimensions, and a great height. The wood shows
many similarities to that of the Maple, is of a bright
yellowish colour, fine-grained, capable of polish,
tender, and easily broken, and therefore not so highly
prized. . . . Among the trees of this kind in temple
grounds in and around Tokio, the largest and most
finely developed is the one at the temple Koyenji.
Ten years ago, at 2 metres high, its circumference
was "•"> metres, and in 1884 nearly 7'55 metres.
Lehmann estimated the height of the stoutest
branches at 32 metres, and heard that the age of the
tree was supposed to be 1000 years. This must,
however, be a great exaggeration in view of the
origin and growth of the city Yedo under Tokugawa
Tyegasu, and the circumstance that the Salisburia
only grows from planting. The tree has otherwise the
appearance of an old Linden, with a symmetrically
developed crown. In the Park at Shiba the largest
Salisburia had in \X'\ a circumference of i>'M
metres."

The Ailanthus glandulosa, too, makes a mag-
nificent town tree, a really superb object in
gardens and parks, even in unpropitious locali-
ties. It is not suited for street or avenue
planting for two reasons : one that it throws
up suckers, another that its large pinnate leaves
disarticulate and fall to pieces as they are shed
in autumn, and thus add somewhat to the
discomforts attendant upon the fall of the leaf.
This, however, is an inconvenience slight in
degree and short in duration. The Black-
Walnut forms an equally noble tree in towns.

A very fine tree for London, and which would
make a good street tree if it could be procured
in sufficient quantities, is the so called Cucumber
tree, Magnolia acuminata. When the garden
of the Royal Horticultural Society at South
Kensington was in its prime there was a row of
these trees to be seen in that ill-fated locality,
and a fine specimen may be seen with the
( iinkgo in the garden at Bow to which we have
already alluded.

The Naples Alder, Alnus cordata, is another
tree scarcely known, except to botanists, but

which is, nevertheless, one of the best for town
planting, being hardy, very ornamental, and
easily managed.

A visit to the Arboretum at Kew would show
scores of handsome Poplars, Oaks, evergreen and
deciduous, Ashes, Pears (Pyrns), and other trees,
eminently suitable for planting in towns; or, if
Ivew be objected to as being too far removed
from the smoke (which, unfortunately, it is not),
much information may be derived from a visit
to the parks, to the grounds of Eiilham Palace,
to those at Sion (close to the noisome town of
Brentford), and even to many a bye-street in
London, where traces of the old gardens which
once occupied the site here and there remain in
the shape of old Fig trees, Tulip trees. Mulberry
trees, Catalpas, Poplars, and other veterans. It
is only a year or two back that on the premises-
of the Times itself, in the very heart of the City,
a fine shrub of Ptelea trifoliata might be seen.

It is equally desirable to know what trees not
to plant in confined localities ; among them, for
various reasons, we may mention Limes, Thorns,
Horse Chestnuts, and Gleditschias. These may
do in the suburbs or parks, but are not to be
recommended for street planting in the denser
quarters of a smoky town.

The Gardeners' Orphan Fund. — The usual
monthly meeting of the Committee took place at the
Caledonian Hotel on the 25th ult., Mr. Geo. Deal.
in the chair. The minutes of the last meeting
having been read, Mr. Gkoroe Deal was unani-
mously re-elected the Chairman of the Executive
Committee for the ensuing year. The bank-book
showed a balance of £78") 13b. 2d. to the credit of
the I'und. The Chairman announced the official
return of the recent election of children to the Fund.
It was resolved that 2,500 copies of the annual
report and balance-sheet, with list of subscribers,
be printed for circulation. The Hon. Secretary
reported that he had received promises towards the
£100 to be raised in accordance with the terms of an
offer made at the annual dinner by Mr. II. J. Veitch,
that he would give a similar sum provided the £100"
was raised in three months. The thanks of the
Committee were voted by acclamation to the Presi-
dent, Sir Jtliak Goldsjiid, Bart., M.P., for pre-
siding at the annual dinner ; to Mr. Hudson and!
others for arranging the floral decorations upon the
tables ; and also to the donors of plants, flowers, &c.
The Hon. Secretary reported that the dinner expenses-
had been met by the sale of tickets, and by special
contributions of money for the purpose. It was-
resolved that a further sum of £.500 be invested in
Consols, making the total amount invested just over
£3000. It was unanimously resolved that when the
conditions of Mr. H. Vkitch's generous offer of
£100 have been met by a further sum of £100,
that the two children next highest on the recent
poll, viz., Rodkrt James Todd, aged eight years,
and ( Ilive Chapelow, aged four, be placed upon the
fund. Acting upon the addition recently made tc-
liule 12, the committee unanimously resolved, " That
forty special life votes (A), in accordance with the
amendment to Kule 12, be placed at the disposal of
the sub-committee of stand-holders appointed to
assist in carrying out the Covent Garden Fete in
May, 188!) ; and that Mr. AssnEE be requested to-
obtain the names of the persons selected to exercise
the privileges conferred by the amended rule." The
proceedings ilosed with a vote of thanks to the
Chairman.

PRIMULA OBCONICA. — A correspondent writes
— " It may be, perhaps, interesting to hear from an
authentic source confirmatory evidence of the fact of
the injurious consequences, to some people, of hand-
ling this plant. Throughout the whole of the past
winter I have been more or less seriously ill from an
intermittent attack of severe inflammation of the face
and eves and hands, and- two other members of my'

August •", 1889.]

TEE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

135

The Lath Kkv. M. J. BERKELEY. (Sbb P. 141.)

136

THE GAJ?nENEI?S' C1W0SICLE.

fAccusT 3 1889.

family were similarly affected, though in lesser degree.
It so happens that we have grown large ciuantities of
this pretty and useful plant, which I took rather
under my own special care, and it was also used
largely in a cut state. The case was so unusual that
it completely puzzled our doctor, who, however,
maintained that there was some local cause. How-
ever, in the spring I saw, in Garden and Forest, men-
tion made of certain persons who could not touch
Primula obconica with impunity, and I felt convinced
that we had at last traced the cause of our own
troubles. We immediately left off using the Mowers
and handling the plants, and very soon the inflam-
mation entirely disappeared, and there has been no
sign of it since. It only affects certain constitutions,
apparently, as the gardeners cannot- be persuaded to
discard it entirely, and they have suffered no incon-
venience in repotting or attending to it. I fancy it
is the only Primula which possesses any hurtful
quality, and it would be extremely interesting to find
out whether the irritant quality is due to the
mechanical agency of the minute hairs working into
the skin, or whether there is an actual poison
present in the plant itself. In any case, the irrita-
tion and fever produced is exceedingly trouble-
some, causing very considerable swelling and suffer-
ing, and it is, I feel sure, a matter worthy of
investigation."

Gardeners' Orphan Fund.— We have re-
ceived from Mr. Ayling, The Gardens, Forty Hill,
Enfield, the sum of 10s. &!. towards the special fund
required for putting an additional candidate upon
the lists of recipients from the fund in accordance
with Mr. Veitch's conditions elsewhere mentioned.

Gardeners' Benevolent Institution.— We
are glad to hear that the appeal made on the
occasion of the Jubilee of this Institution has been
so successful that the committee has decided to
place on the pension list, as from June 24 last, the
whole of the unsuccessful candidates (17) at the last
election. The first payment will be made in October
next. The following list will show that locality is
not studied in this matter, and that only three of the
candidates for election are residents in or near
London, thus showing that residents in the Metro-
politan district have no undue advantage : —

•Tame* Brown, Croydon ag» d 7t

Edward Spivey, Sawbridgeworth 7ti

George Lambert, Chichester 71

Stephen Evans, Chichester 71

Thomas Morley, Cambridge 80

Joseph Norval, Chester bo

Elizabeth Snow, Tannton ... ... ,. 74

James Manderson, Stoke Newiogtdu titi

Elizabeth Pollard, Croydon 7*5

Henry Berry, Dromore, Ireland 73

James Edmonds, Fulham , 8.'i

William Fowle, Southampton K9

George Fricker, Bourne Valley 7:1

John Grimshaw, Huyton, Liverpool ... ,, So

John HooptT, Bristol 80

Clement Preston, Brixton 77

James Priest, Long Eaton, N'otts tj.">

Among the donors of £10 10*. we note the
Vintners' Company and the Merchant Taylors'
Company.

Orchids, their Culture and Manage-
ment.— Mr. W. Watson, assistant curator of the
Royal Gardens, Kew, assisted by Mr. Bean", the fore-
man of the Orchid department, has commenced the
publication, in monthly parts, of what promises to be
a convenient treatise on orchids, for the use of
amateurs. The names of the authors and the
facilities at their disposal are a sufficient
guarantee that the work will be well done.
The first chapter is devoted to general remarks upon
culture. It is curious to see, after the costly failures
that have been experienced, and the volumes that
have been written on the subject, how simple the
matter is in principle, on paper, as it is said ! how
little fundamental difference there is in the general
principles underlying successful Orchid culture, from
those which obtain in the case of other plants. The
real difficulty is one of detail, and that of course can
only be overcome by experience. The perfection,

rapidity, and ease, however, with which this expe-
rience may be obtained depend essentially on the
knowledge of general principles, to say nothing of
the increased ability to cope with new conditions
and unforeseen circumstances. The genera are
treated alphabetically, and short descriptions given
of the most important species. The work is pub-
lished in monthly parts at one shilling each by L.
Upcott Gill, 170, Strand.

Rectification of Names.— The Statistical
Department of the Board of Trade have at last got
rid of the misleading and incorrect name of " Terra
Japonica," which used to be applied to Gambir, the
inspissated extract of Uncaria Gambir, chiefly made
in the Straits Settlements, and largely used in
Europe and America for tanning and dyeing. They
have also commenced to leave out the a in the fruit
of the Coco-nut Palm, in order to distinguish it
from the many other products closely resembling the
name, such as Coca, the leaf of Erythroxylon
Coca, Cacao, the seed of Theobroma Cacao, Coco or
Kddoe, the tuber of Colocasia esculenta, and the
Cocoa plum. The wholesale dealers in Coco nuts
have, however, adopted the spelling of Koker nut.
The Board of Trade in their returns still spell
Sumach, Shumac.

CANADIAN FRUITS.— The Canadian Horticul-
turist reports unfavourably as regards the fruit crops
of the Dominion.

Fowls for Pleasure, Prizes, and Profit,

is the title of a weekly journal devoted exclusively to
poultry, published at the price of one penny, and
whose precepts are so precious that they are likely to
secure public approval.

" WORK." — This is the title of a new publication
issued by Messrs. Casseli. & Co., itself a guarantee
of excellence and usefulness. It is a weekly journal
published at one penny, and intended for artizans
and workmen of all degree. In some recent numbers
we note some very good articles on the construction
of tenants' greenhouses (No. 12, p. 13) ; book-cases,
rustic fences, gates, &C, which are likely to be of
great service to amateurs.

The New Public Park and Recreation

GROUNDS, ACTON. — These new grounds were re-
cently opened by Lady George Hamilton, the wife
of the First Lord of the Admiralty, who is the
Member for the Parliamentary Division in which
Acton is situated. The extent of the ground is
about twenty-five acres, of which eighteen acres are
laid out, and the remainder will be so utilised as
soon as the leases fall in. Formerly it was a most
uninviting piece of land, about ten acres of it having
been used as a brick field, while a large portion of
the remainder had laid by in a rough condition for a
considerable time. The park is situated on the left
of the Pxbridge Road towards London, and a little
way eastward of the North London Railway bridge,
which spans the main road at this point. The cost
of the ground and the laying out of the same
amounts to something like £48,000, but the Gold-
smiths' Company, to whom part of the grouud
belonged, generously returned £5,000 of the pur-
chase-money. Designs for laying out the grounds
were invited, and that of Messrs. J. Cheal & Sons,
Lowfield Nurseries, Crawley, was accepted. On
entering the ground from the Uxbridge Road
there is seen on the left hand a spacious play-
ground for children, gravelled over, the lower
portion being for boys, and the upper for girls.
The upper part is laid out for tennis-court, and the
eastern side will be available for cricket ; a bowling
green is also provided. Gravelled paths and broad
carriage ways spread like a network throughout the
whole extent, and two ornamental bridges have been
built in the grounds. A covered band-stand and
arcades have been erected. Ornamental flower-beds
with large beds and borders of shrubbery are intro-
duced, and Poplar, Oak, and other trees that have
stood on the ground for years, are utilised, and afford

welcome shade. The work of laying out by Messrs*
Cheal & Sons has given much satisfaction. The
grass, shrubs, &c, have grown remarkably well.
There is an immense growing neighbourhood all
round the new grounds, and the eastern portion of the
ancient and rapidly increasing parish of Acton,
which extends a considerable way towards Shepherd's
Bush, will derive great benefit from the recreation
grounds. Acton, with its large working-class popu-
lation, is not nearly so well favoured in the matter
of open spaces as its sister parish Ealing, which
adjoins it on the west.

The Dwarfed Trees of Japan. — The

French are much interested in the dwarf trees shown
by, the Japanese horticulturists at the Exhibition.
There are exhibited Thuias, Pines, and Cedars, said
to be 100 to 150 years old, not higher than 18 inches.
Hence one can have small forests in flower-pots, and
a collection of Fir trees in a balcony. They are
puzzled to conceive how these vegetable deformities
are produced by patience and labour. Each branch
as it shoots is said to be embedded in earth and
retained in position by props or supports and binds.
The curvature is made at right angles, and the
upper part of the branch continues to grow while
the other withers and dies. Every time a young
sucker or shoot appears it is treated in the same
manner. It is by thus stopping the development
and forcing the tree to take various contorted forms,
that they are able to produce these curious
abortions. This work has to be continued by several
generations of horticulturists, if we are to believe
that these small trees arrive at the great age alleged.
Whether there is anything to admire in such dwarf
trees is a question of taste : but a sight of them
explains the fantastic and unnatural forms of the
plants which the Japanese produce on their lacquered
trays, on their bronzes, and their embroideries.

CULTIVO DE LOS ROSALES EN MACETAS.—
We notice this work, published in Madrid, to show
that even in Spain pot roses are valued, and the work
of William Paul on their culture estimated at its
proper value. The translator adds a preface contain-
ing among other things a singularly imperfect list of
English Rose growers, while more than half of the
volume is taken up with an " Antologia de la Rosa,"
or series of poetic effusions in Spanish.

"Journal of the Linnean Society." -The

last issued I'art contains Mr. Rolik's paper on
Apostasies, read as long ago as June, 1888, a tribe
of Orchids with nearly regular flowers, and repre-
senting, it may be presumed, an early and simple
condition from which the more complicated forms
have been derived. Rev. R. Baron contributes to
this number an interesting account of the Flora of
Madagascar.

A Children's Flower Show.— Within a

stone's throw of the magnificent college for ladies
which the late Mr. Holloway ereGted on Egham
Hill, there was held on the 25th ult. an exceedingly
interesting exhibition of children's plants. The
exhibition took place under the auspices of the
Egham Juvenile Floral and Industrial Society, its
floral section specially encouraging the culture in
pots or small boxes of plants from cuttings and from
seeds. There are two sections : seniors up to seven-
teen years of age, and juniors up to twelve years of
age. The payment for membership is id. and 3d.
respectively. For this sum each member receives in
the spring six well rooted cuttings of ordinary pot
plants, such as Fuchsias, Musks, Lobelias, zonal and
variegated Pelargoniums, Petunias, Isolepis gracilis,
&c, and six small packets of seeds of common
annuals, the chief of which are Collinsiabicolor, Dwarf
Nasturtiums, Candytufts, Mignonette, Nemophila,
&c. The classes for the prize competitions include six
plants (or less) from cuttings, six annuals (or less)
from seeds, and one selected premier plant and pot
of seeds in each section. Added to these there are
classes for groups made up of both plants and seeds
for growers who have-not succeeded in saving all of

Arccsi 3, 1889.]

THE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

137

their plants. The exhibition of last week was (he
second of the Society, and the competition was
remarkable.and in most cases the plants were excellent.
Oddly enough, perhaps because of greater parental
care, the plants and seedlings of the juniors were the
best. Liberal prizes in money were awarded. Active
co-operation is found in all the Sunday and elemen-
tary schools of Egham, a big parish, which includes
part of Virginia Water and all Englefield Green. A
digging competition for boys was also a part of the
day's programme, and capital work was found by the
judges. A special prize was awarded to a little girl
for an essay on the wild flowers of Egham. Curiously
enough, in a district specially rich in wild flowers,
very few bunches were displayed, the attention of
the youngsters being apparently given to subjects
requiring cultivation.

Anemone- flowered Annual Chrysanthe-
mum.— This is the title Messrs. Hurst & Son, of-
Houndsditch, E.C., have given to some double
forms of Chrysanthemum carinatum (tricolor),
brought to the last meeting of the Floral Committee,
but too late to be noticed by them. They represent
a much better double form of this annual Chrysan-
themum than has been previously seen ; and they
represent one peculiarity of the double Anemone in
that there is a margin of ray florets at the base of
the flower, the centre being filled up with a cone of
florets similar to the Anemone. The more perfect
formed flowers are decided acquisitions, but some-
thing has yet to be done in the way of selection, in
order to render the strain finished in this respect.
The single forms of C. carinatum are delightful
subjects for cutting fr >m ; and this new type of
doable appears likely to be equally serviceable.

Colour in Scarlet Pelargonium.— Mr. J.

Hehden kindly sends us a truss on which some of
the flowers are wholly scarlet, others entirely white,
while in some instances the petals are striped, half
white, half scarlet, and in others half the flower is
white, half scarlet. In some of the flowers which
are nearly white, the scarlet colouration appears only
at the base of the veins of the petals. Some time
6ince we figured a flower of a Calanthe one half of
which was white, the other pink. Such cases are
evidence of the unmixing, if we may so call it,
of crossed or mixed characteristics, but it is difficult
to account fully for the peculiarities in question.

Ornamental Grasses.— Mr. Burhidge sends

us spikes of two ornamental grasses from the Trinity
College Gardens, Dublin. Eulalia japonica is re-
markable for the white stripe down the centre of the
leaf, Spartina polystachya, a tall-growing species,
has long, slender spikes with compressed spikelets
and purple anthers. Too little use is made of these
hardy plants.

The LATE Mr. Boscawen.— We understand
that some of the collections amassed by this distin-
guished horticulturist, such as the Orchids, the
Amaryllids, and bulbous plants, will shortly be
offered for sale, probably at Lamorran.

The Caterpillar Plague. -Inanothereolumn
of this issue are to be found the remarks on the fruit
crops supplementing the tabulated returns of last
week's number, p. 99, These communications con-
tain many laments over the ravages of the Cater-
pillars in the spring. In 1888 there were loud
complaints of large losses from the same cause, and
unless measures of precaution be taken we may
expect the same next year. Correspondents apply
to us when the grubs have made their presence only
too apparent, but it is then too late, and if the crop
of 1890 is to be saved from the insects, gardeners,
fruit farmers, and indeed all who have fruit trees
should adopt the method of ringing the trunks of
the trees with a mixture of cart-grease and a little
oil, about 2 or 3 feet above the ground, with a band
some 8 to 12 inches in depth. In some of the fruit
plantations in Kent this course was adopted last
autumn and the results are highly satisfactory,

whereas in adjoining orchards where prevention
was not tried, the crop was completely lost. This
ring should be put on the trees next month, and
refreshed when necessary.

Canadian Fruits. — We learn from our cor-
respondents that in the Annapolis Valley, the great
exporting point, the fruit crop is below average,
as also in Ontario.

L/ELIA MONOPHYLLA.— Two examples of this
charming highland .Jamaica Orchid are in flower in
the Orchid Nurseries of Mr. Wit Gordon, Amyand
Park Riad, Twickenham. In general appearance
the flowers resemble those of Sophronitis grandiflora
but the sepals and petals of L. monophylla are
almost equal, and the lip very much abbreviated. In
colour the one example is yellowish-orange, the other
cinnabar-scarlet, the latter being much the showier
It is a neat and pretty plant, and, according to the
experience here, it is very free to grow and flower in
a cool-house, and does not at all merit the character
which bad cultivation has gained for it, of being
difficult to grow.

New Publications.— Atlas der Holzstmetur,

von Dr. N. J. C. Muller (Williams & Norgate),
a series of illustrations of the microscopical struc-
ture of timber trees, with a descriptive text. This
will be found in the Lindley Library. — Atlas der
PJlanzen KrankheUcn, von Dr. Paol Sorauer (Wil-
liams & Norgate), a series of beautiful drawings of
plant diseases. This has been added to the Lindley
Library. — Auslandische Kitlturpflanzen, von Her-
mann Zippel. A series of folio drawings of econo-
mic plants with text (Williams & Norgate). — Blatl
told Sprossbildung, bei Euphorbien und Cactea;, von
Xavier Wetterwald (Williams & Norgate), Leaf
and Root Structure in Euphorbias and Cacti.

Notices of Books.

darwinism: an exposition of the theory
of Natural Selection, with some of
its Applications. By Alfred Russel Wallace,
LL.D., &c. (Macmillan & Co.)

(First Notice).

To those who have not familiarised themselves
with the late Mr. Darwin's writings, or who were
born in the post-Darwinian era, this volume will be
very welcome, as containing an epitome of the doc-
trine of evolution and of the facts and phenomena
upon which it is based. Such an epitome is likely
to be welcome to the general reader, and it is
specially valuable as being the work of one who must
always share with Darwin the great honour of having
forced the theory upon public attention, and
eventually secured its general acceptance. Wallace
arrived at his conclusions quite independently of
Darwin, but from the employment of a like method,
viz., the investigation and observation of plants and
animals in various countries of the globe, and under
varying conditions. Wallace, however, has not done
so much in the way of confirmation of his views by
actual experiment as Darwin did ; he has not
availed himself to so great an extent of the labours
of the horticulturist ; and, further, he differs from
his great fellow-labourer on a most important point
to which we shall subsequently refer.

Those of our readers whose memories enable
them to realise for themselves the status in quo ante
Darwin, and the prodigious effect that has been
produced by the application of his theory or inter-
pretation of the phenomena of Nature, will scarcely
need to devote much time to the earlier chapters of
Dr. Wallace's book. They constitute in substance —
but of course with additions— an abstract or epitome
of the chapters in the Origin of Speck's and of Animals
and Plants under Domestication— -those wonderful
storehouses of facts concentrated and brought to
bear upon the rational explanation of the pheno-

mena of organisation. Thus we have chapters on
the struggle for existence, the variability of species
of animals and plants in a state of nature, and
under domestication or cultivation, on natural selec-
tion, the survival of the fittest, hybridisation,
sterility, the objections to and the difficulties in the
way of the full acceptance of the theory, and so
forth.

The Colouration of Plants.

The reader, however, will find much new and in-
teresting matter in the chapters on the colouration
of animals and plants. This, when constant, must
need be of some utility for protection, concealment,
or as affording means of attraction and recognition.
Adverting specially to flowers, Dr. Wallace has a
chapter on the special colours of plants, their origin
and purpose. He cites the case of Mesembryanthe-
ninm, and of an Asclepiad, so like the pebbles among
which they were growing, as readily to be over-
looked by predatory birds and insects. Similarly
the colours of fruits, and the means provided for
their dispersal, are of obvious utility. Here, it may
be remarked that colour often exists where, so far
as we know at present, it can be of no use. There
are purple-skinned Potatos, Potatos with purple
flesh, and others with yellow; Primrose stems are
often purple though more or less buried in the soil ;
the germs of some plants are green while still within
the seed-coats, and where no light can reach them.
These facts may be and are co-related with others
no doubt, but by themselves they seem of little
utility.

The subject of the inter-relations between flowers
and insects, of course, receives much attention at
Mr. Wallace's hands, and he alludes to Mr. Hens-
low's observations on the vigour of self-fertilised
plants, and to the notion that flowers of incon-
spicuous colour fertilised by wind-borne pollen, are
not primitive forms, but degradations from other
more brightly coloured flowers which were once
adapted to insect-fertilisation. The facts of vege-
table colouring, and those of close in-and-in breeding,
or of cross-fertilisation, are truly, as Dr. Wallace says,
complex, contradictory, aad difficult of explanation.
Referring especially to the colouration of flowers our
author sums up as follows : —

" We thus see that the existing diversity of
colour and of structure in flowers is probably the
ultimate result of the ever-recurring straggle for
existence, combined with the ever changing rela-
tions between the vegetable and animal kingdoms
during countless ages. The constant variability of
every °part and organ, with the enormous powers of
increase possessed by plants, have enabled them to
become again and again readjusted to each change
of condition as it occurred, resulting in that endless
variety, that marvellous complexity, and' that
exquisite colouring which excite our admiration in
the realm of flowers, and constitute them the
perennial charm and crowning glory of Nature.
We cannot therefore deny the vast change
which insects have produced upon the earth's
surface, and which has been thus forcibly and
beautifully delineated by Mr. Grant Allen. ' While
man has" only tilled a few level plains, a few
"Teat river valleys, a few peninsular mountain slopes,
feaving the vast mass of earth untouched by his
hand, the insect has spread himself over every land
in a thousand shapes, and has made the whole
flowering creation subservient to his daily wants.
His Buttercup, his Dandelion, and his Meadowsweet
"row thick in every English field; his Thyme
clothes the hill side, his Heather purples the bleak
.'rev moorland. High up among the alpine heights
bis'Gentian spreads its lake of blue ; amid the snows
of the Iliraalavas his Rhododendrons gleam with
crimson light. 'Even the wayside pond yields him
the white Crowfoot and the Arrowhead, while the
broad expanses of Brazilian streams are beautified
bv his gorgeous Water Lilies. The insect has thus
turnedlhe whole surface of the earth into a bound-
less flower garden, which supplies him from year to
year with pollen or honey, and itself in turn gains
perpetuation by the baits that it offers for its allure-
ment.' "

Allowing for a little rhetorical licence this is sub-
stantiallv true, but it still leaves many contradictory

138

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 8, 1889.

i'acts unexplained, as Dr. Wallace goes on to point
■out. His final conclusions on this subject are
summed up in the following passage : —

" In studying the phenomena of colour in the
organic world we have been led to realise the won-
<leiful complexity of the adaptations which bring
•each species into harmonious relation with all those
whtch surround it, and which thus link together the
whole of nature in a network of relations of mar-
vellous intricacy. Yet all this is but, as it were, the
outward show and garment of Nature, behind which
is the inner structure— the framework, the vessels,
the cells, the circulating fluids, and the digestive
and reproductive processes, and behind these again
those mysterious chemical, electrical, and vital
forces which constitnte what we term life. These
forces appear to be fundamentally the same for all
■organisms, as is the material of which all are con-
structed ; and we thus find behind the outer diver-
sities an inner relationship which binds together the
myriad forms of life.

"Each species of animal or plant thus forms part
■of one harmonious whole, carrying in all the details
•of its complex structure the record of the long story
of organic development ; and it was with a truly in-
spired insight that our great philosophical poet apos-
trophised the humble weed —

" Flower in the crannied wall,
I pluck yon out of the crannies,
I hold you here, root and all, in my hand,
Little flower but if I could understand
What yon are, root and all, and all in all,
I should know what God and man is."

The chapter on geographical distribution is one of
the most interesting in the hook. We have to
account for the presence of particular plants in par-
ticular countries. This is sometimes, of course, easy,
and is explained by proximity and facility of dif-
fusion and intercommunication by birds, winds,
insects, &c. At other times it is hard indeed to
account for the presence of like plants in areas
widely sundered, and still more to understand their
absence where existing conditions appear favour-
able to their presence. Madagascar and Africa
are not remote, and yet we are told that their pro-
ductions, vegetable and animal, are more unlike than
are these of Japan and England. A like diversity
•exists in the productions of Australia and New
Zealand, in spite of their proximity. On the other
hand, the tapirs are fonnd on the opposite sides of
the globe, in the Malayan Islands and in the tropics
of America respectively, but not in the intervening
countries. The cine to some of these problems has
already been mentioned, changes of climate, suc-
cessive glacial periods, alternations of cold and
heat, will account for a great deal ; t-he comparative
permanence of oceanic and continental areas, through
■enormous periods of time (contrary to what was
once supposed), offers a satisfactory explanation of
other points, especially when studied in connection
with the distribution of fossil forms in Tertiary
times.

All the oceanic islands of the globe are now known
to be of volcanic or of coral formation, and the coral
islands themselves probably rest on a volcanic basis.

Migrations ob- Plants.
Such islands in either case must get peopled from
other countries. The manner in which this migra-
tion is effected is illustrated by some remarkable
cases cited from Mr. Hemsley and others. We may
•nention one.

" A very remarkable case of wind conveyance of
seeds on a large scale is described in a letter from
Mr. Thomas Hanbury to his brother, the late
Daniel Hanbury, which has been kindly communi-
cated by Mr. Hemsley. of Kew. The letter is dated
• Shanghai, May 1, 1856,' and the passage referred is
as follows : —

For the past three days we have had very warm
sveather for this time of year, in fact, almost as
warm as the middle of summer. Last evening the
wind changed suddenly round to the north, and blew
all night with considerable violence, making a great
change in the atmosphere.

'"This morning myriads of small white particles
are floating about in the air; there is not a single

cloud and no mist, yet the sun is quite obscured by
this substance, and it looks like a white fog in
England. I enclose thee a sample, thinking it may
interest. It is evidently a vegetable production. I
think apparently some kind of seed.'

" Mr. Hemsley adds, that this substance proves to
be the plumose seeds of a Poplar or Willow. In
order to produce the effects described — quite
obscuring the sun like a white fog — the seeds must
have tilled the air to a very great height, and they
must have been brought from some district where
there were extensive tracts covered with the tree
which produced them."

Dr. Wallace sums up what he has to say about
geographical distribution by stating that the chief
facts can now be sufficiently understood, and that
cases of difficulty and anomaly are usually dependent
on our ignorance of some of the essential factors of
the problem, such as the distribution of the group in
recent geological times, or the special methods by
which the organisms are able to cross the seas.

Geological Evidence.

Passing to the geological evidence of evolution,
Dr. Wallace is able to show that the imperfection of
the record on which Darwin insisted so strongly, is
less marked now than it was, owing to the increase
of knowledge, and the discovery of abundance of
" missing links," whose existence was previously un-
known, or whose significance was unsuspected. The
pedigree of the horse, for instance, has been clearly
demonstrated. The geological history of plants,
though full of anomalies, is, on the whole, favour-
able to the evolution theory.

Objections to the Theory or Natural
Selection.

In the fourteenth chapter the author discusses
some of the fundamental objections to the theory
of evolution, alludes to the use and disuse of organs,
to the direct action of circumstances, and discusses
the views of modern naturalists like Herbert Spencer,
Dr. Cope, Dr. Karl Semper, and Mr. Patrick Geddes,
the latter of whom considers that much that has
been imputed to natural selection may, in reality, be
attributable to the natural antagonism of vegetative
as compared with reproductive growth. Allusion is
also made to the remarkable experiments of Mr.
Galton, who seeks to establish a law of " regression
towards mediocrity," showing that whenever there
has been a variation by increase or by defect there is
a tendency in the offspring to revert to a mean or
average condition, and this "mean" appears to be
not the mean of the actually existing individuals,
but a lower mean, or that from which they had been
recently raised by selection.

We cannot here follow Dr. Wallace in his argu-
ments ; suffice it to say that he dismisses the
theories of the authors we have me ntioned as
inadequate to explain the phenomena, and while
allowing them a measure of importance, concludes
by saying that " natural selection " is supreme to an
extent which even Darwin himself hesitated to

claim for it.

(To be continued.)

PLANTS IN FLOWER AT KEW.

Aloe Goo-peri. — In May of last year Mr. Medley
Wood, of Natal, sent to Kew two stems of an Aloe,
with the following note : — " Amongst the plants I
got in Xululand recently were four plants of a species
of Aloe, the flowers of which are used as a vegetable.
I only got one head of flowers, and had it cooked as
a trial. I found it really very palatable, and have
no doubt that if it were known it would be exten-
sively used. I send you two of the plants, and I
shall try to procure more for distribution. I shall
be glad to know the name of the species as soon as
you can identify it. The plant is known to the
natives as ' Isiputumana,' but it does not appear to
be common. A missionary correspondent of mine
in Zulnland sent me a plant, and described it as a
beautiful vegetable, the flowers being eaten ; when
cooked they do not lose their colour." These two

plants are now in flower at Kew. They are Aloe
Cooperi, of which a figure was published in the
Botanical Magazine, t. 6377. The stem is li inches
in diameter, about 6 inches long, and clothed with
the sheathing bases of the distichous semi-erect
leaves. These are 2.} feet long, an inch broad near
the base, channelled, with fine teeth along the
ma-gin, a distinct keel at the back, fleshy, very
easily broken ; dark green, with grey inottlings.
The flower-scape is erect, as long as the leaves," and
bears a dense head of about forty flowers each,
1.1 inch loug, h inch broad at the base, fleshy, red-
dish-yellow, green towards the end of the tube.
Eaten raw they taste like Lettuce, but leave a slightly
pungent taste. I have not tried them cooked. The
plant is really ornamental when in flower.

Nymphcaa albax pygmaa. — A plant of this new
hybrid Nymphaja is now flowering in the Kew col-
lection. It was received last May from Mr. E. D.
Sturtevant, of New Jersey, who wrote of it as fol-
lows: — "I send you a new natural hybrid Nymphsea
which has appeared in my garden. Growing together
in the same tank were N. pygnuea, N. alba, and the
variety of the latter known as candidissima.
Amongst some seedlings of N. pygma^a appeared
two plants which are, no doubt, a cross between it
and one of the other two. The flowers have some-
thing of the form of N. pyguuea, but they are larger.
When it flowers with you, please give it a name."
The habit of the plant is that of N. alba. Leaf
S inches by 61 inches, dark green above, purplish
beneath, the veins only being green ; margin even,
the lobes considerably overlapping, auricled. Flowers
floating, 4 inches across ; sepals four, \h inch by
| inch, concave, green at the back, greenish-white in
front; petals in about three rows, half as wide as
the sepals, pure white ; stamens very numerous,
arranged as in N. alba. The flowers expand in the
daytime, and are very flagrant. As a plant for
small aquaria this hybrid ought to prove useful.

Xymphiea tuberosa ear., from New Jersey. — Flower-
ing examples of this plant are also now in the Kew
collection. It is distinct from the type in the nar-
rowness of its flower-segments and the fewness of its
stamens. The flower is 4 inches across ; sepals five ;
petals about twenty, varying in length and width,
the largest being nearly 2 inches long by V inch in
width. It is an elegant little Nymphiea, and will
probably prove to be hardy in England. The Kew
plant was received from Mr. Sturtevant. W. W.

Florists* Flowers.

THE CARXATION AND PICOTEE.

WiariNi; about these plants (see p. 651, vol. v.), I
was able to state that with warmer weather the
plants had " improved immensely." During the
early spring months the chances of a good blooming
season were rather problematical, but it is now
pleasant to relate that we have had an excellent dis-
play both out-of-doors and in the houses. To show
how much the seasons influence the well-doing and
blooming of our plants, I may say that we planted
out a large quantity of strong, healthy seedlings at
the usual time (June), last year, a month afterwards
a deluge of rain came, and the ground, when it dried,
became as hard as a turnpike road, so that the plants
made little or no progress for many weeks ; in fact,
they received a check from which they did not
quite recover until fine weather set in, early in the
present year. I have had my pot-plants sutler
as much, directly after they were potted, from
a deluge of rain, so that I shelter them now in
frames until they are well established. In an ordi-
nary season few of the seedlings fail to flower,
whereas this year, owing to last season's unfavourable
weather, quite half of them are not in flower.

I may remark that the seeds of yellow and buff"
ground varieties should be sown earlier by a month
than those of the white ground Picotee and flaked
Carnations ; indeed, I would, in the future, sow the
one on March 1, and the others on April 1. It is

Augbst 3. 1889.]

THE GAFDENEBS' CHRONICLE

139

better to sow them on a gentle hot-bed, the seeds
this year seeming to be of poor vegetative quality ;
by so doing the plants will appear above ground in
the course of a week. The plants of this year look
very promising, and as they have more than two
months yet to grow, it may be expected that they
will grow into fine flowering specimens. The seed-
lings, when well grown, flower profusely, and more
than a hundred flowers may be cut from a single
plant ; the endless variety of colour obtained when
the seeds are saved from the ordinary florists'
forms of Carnations and Picotees is a source of
wonder to many.

I have carefully noted the parentage of Picotees
and Carnations, and the result is very interesting
from a physiological point of view. One would
fancy that seedlings from a yellow-ground Picotee
crossed with another yellow-ground variety would
not vary much, but as a matter of fact they do.
That flake and bizarre Carnations with yellow
ground colour should be produced is not out of the
ordinary course ; but I had last year deep pink and
crimson colours from them. The varieties Terra
Cotta and Colonial Beauty were produced from a
clear yellow Carnation, lightly marked on the edge
with red.

One would also suppose that seedlings from a light-
edged white-ground Picotee would resemble their
parent to a certain extent — and so some of them do ;
but from the well-known variety Her Majesty we
had a number of purple selfs, amongst them the
variety sent out by Mr. Turner, of Slough, named
Purple Emperor. Kose, crimson, purple, and scarlet
selfs are freely produced, but white varieties are
scarce.

Carnation plants when kept under glass become
drawn, and the grass run out to flower, so to pre-
vent this I layer them. I this year layered quite a
hundred pots of them before July 20. The check
the layers receive by being partly cut through pre-
vents their growing further to flower ; and the
layers are better when the flowering plants are
placed in an open position out-of-doors, this being
done as soon as they go out of flower. A success-
ful grower of hardy plants told me the other day
that he would like to see a race of Carnations of a
much dwarfer habit than those cultivated at present.
If we could get plants with such a sturdy dwarf
habit of growth that they did not require sticks at
all it might be an advantage ; but even dwarf
Carnations require sticks of some kind, and I fancy
a plant carrying its flowers from 24 to 30 inches
above the foliage is more effective as a border plant
than dwarfer ones, and the blooms would be cleaner.
As it is now Carnation time, and thousands of
growers are interested, it may be as well to sum-
marise the properties of a Carnation as defined by
the florists half a century ago: — "The stem of the
flower should be erect, not less than 30, nor more
than 4.5 inches high. The flower should be at least
3 inches in diameter, the petals long, broad, and
substantial, particularly those of the outer circle of
petals ; these should rise perpendicularly about
half an inch above the calyx, and then turn off
gracefully in a horizontal , direction, supporting
the inner petals, which should gradually decrease
in size, and fill up without crowding the centre
of the flower. The calyx should be at least an
■inch long, and sufficiently strong at the top to
keep the bases of the petals in a strong and circular
body. The middle of the flowers should not rise too
high. The colours should be bright, and equally
■marked all over the flowers. The stripes should be
•regular, narrowing gradually to the claw of the
petal, and there ending in a fine point. Almost one-
half of each petal should be white, and free from
■spots.''

It is probable that many readers of the above re-
marks canm.t distinguish a Carnation from a Picotee.
They are really from the same parentage, and the
only difference is in the colour. Picotees have white
or yellow ground with a narrow, medium, or broad
edge of rose, red, scarlet, or purple. All self-coloured
or flaked flowers are distinguished as Carnations.

Tree or perpetual flowering varieties are so named
because they branch out into growths up the stem ;
which growths in the course of time produce flowers
at different seasons. They are propagated and
grown specially to produce flowers in the autumn,
winter, and spring. Our plants of this section have
just received their last shift, 6-inch pots, and a
sunny piace out-of-doors where they will grow
stronger than under glass, and produce much better
flowers. ,T. Douglas.

Cultural Memoranda.

MIGNONETTE FOR AUTUMN, WINTETi,

AND SPRING.
This is the time to sow seed of Mignonette which
is to flower during the above periods. Fill the
necessary number of 4} inch and 6-inch pots (which
should be efficiently crocked), to within 1 inch of
the rims, with friable loam, making it moderately
firm before sowing the seed thinly. Then cover it
lightly with sifted soil, water through a fine rose
pot, place in a frame, shading and keeping close
until the young plants appear, when the shading
should be discontinued, and the plants be afforded
sufficient air to insure sturdy growth. The plants
should be thinned out to from one to three in each
pot, supporting them, as they advance in growth, by
twisting a band or two of matting round four small
sticks stuck round the edge of the pots. The thin-
nings, if considered necessary to increase the stock,
may be potted up or transplanted into a bed near to
the glass, in a hot-water pit, having a south aspect,
watered, and shaded from sunshine until the roots
have taken to the soil, giving abundant ventilation.
These latter, when properly attended to in the
matter of water at the roots, ventilation, and keep-
ing out frost, being careful of an excess of moisture,
will vield abundance of flower-spikes for cutting.
H. IV. W.

Tacsonia Van Volxemii.

This graceful greenhouse roof climber should not
be stopped, but the shoots well thinned out, training
loosely those retained. When the plants are grow-
ing and flowering freely, it is an indication that they
are all right at the roots, and that the temperature
of the house is suited to their requirements, and
should such plants at any time during the next few
months cease to unfold their flowers, it will be a
sign that a thorough watering at the root is very
necessary. H. IV. W.

East Lothian Stocks.

This is by far the best strain of Stock to grow for
spring use in pots. For a succession to the first
sowing another should be made at once. We prefer
sowing in the ordinary small wooden seed trays,
cover the seed lightly with rather fine soil, and place
in a cool frame, keeping it tolerably close until
it germinates. A little shade is also beneficial — it
obviates the necessity of much watering, which is
injurious, and liable to cause damping, especially if
indulged in before the young plants have acquired
the rough leaf. As soon as the seedlings are fit to
handle nicely they should be pricked out, and in
their earlier stages most progress is made in a pre-
pared bed of rich soil in a cool frame. Until they have
taken to the shift, keep somewhat close, but in all
future stages of their growth plenty of air should be
afforded. When they are about 3 or 4 inches high,
pot them up, either singly in large 60's, or three
round the sides of a pot a size larger. Return them
to the frame, standing the pots on ashes, plunging
them in coal ashes. Sometimes we have potted them
into their flowering- pots, 5 to 7 inches being the sizes
used, at once, and with excellent results, thus saving
the trouble of future shifting. A rich loamy com-
post suits them best, and it should be pressed firmly
into the pots. During winter the frames should
occupy a sunny position which, with attention to the
airing, is a better place for them than in company
with subjects requiring lire-heat. If all goes well

they should begin flowering about March. There
are five distinct varieties of the strain— two whites,
a red, a purple, and crimson, either of which will
come quite true from seeds.

Sweet Scamous.
These are good companion plants to Stocks and
should be treated in a similar way ; but we prefer
them to be potted at once, when large enough, into
their flowering pots, three plants being put into a
•"12. They should be stood out in the open till the
approach of severe weather, when the same kind of
protection as that afforded the Stocks should be
given them. The pots may then be introduced into
a growing greenhouse temperature in batches as
required in spring, when they will soon throw up
their fragrant flower-heads.

Schizanthus.
These useful decorative plants have a fine pyramidal
habit when well grown in pots. A pinch of seed
should now be sown, when the plants are required
early, and treated similarly to the Scabious, except
that one plant to pot is best. They will come in
flower with them. Papilionacea, and the dwarf red
retusus (Grahamii) are the test strains. F. R.

Vegetables.

CABBAGES.

It is time now to be thinking of sowing the first
batch of these, and it often happens, at this season
of the year, that there is some difficulty in getting
such small seeds as Cabbages to germinate, owing to
the heat and general dryness of the air and earth,
but when only small or limited-sized beds have
to be dealt with, this may easilv be got over.
The way to manage is to first dig up the
ground, and then well water it, when, after laying
a short time, it will be in a condition for raking.
This should be done so as to make the surface fine
and smooth, and then the seed may at once be sown
thinly, and lightly covered with soil, after which the
whole bed, or beds, should be shaded. This can be
done with mats laid over and pegged down at the
sides, so as to keep them from blowing off, or the
shading may be effected by making use of Laurel or
other evergreen branches, of sufficient thickness just to
keep off the fierce sun. With the beds so protected,
the young plants show themselves quickly ; care
must be taken to remove the covering at once.

Young Cabbages want much looking after when
up, as fly frequently attacks them, and if these are
not driven off, in a few days it is all over with the
plants. One of the surest and best remedies against
fly is to dust the leaves when moist with a mixture
of fresh slaked lime and wood-ashes. Tobacco-
powder is also a very good and a safe preventive.
Cabbage for early work is Ellam's ; it makes but few
outside leaves, turns in quickly, and does not bolt
readily, but forms small, close hearts of a delicate
and mild flavour. Being of small size, plants may
be planted about I foot to 18 inches apart, and 1 foot
16 inches between the rows. ./. S.

Caulii'i.owers.

It requires care and forethought to have a supply
of either Cauliflower or Broccoli, and it can only be
obtained by growing the latest liroccoli and the
earliest of Cauliflowers, nursing the Cauliflower
plants through the winter. My favourite Cauli-
flower is the Early Erfurt, a very dwarf compact
variety, producing large white heads well protected
by the heart-leaves, which are of delicate flavour.
The time to sow Cauliflower so as to have them at
the period referred to is about the middle of August,
and to make sure of getting the plants up in dry
weather is to shade the beds, and adopt the same
measures to preserve them from fly and mildew.
For wintering the plants it is best to pot in 60-sized
pots, and then to plunge them in leal-mould or ashes
up near the glass. Although Cauliflowers appear

140

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Axjavst :>, 1889.

very tender ami often get killed by frost, they are
only affected injuriously by it when they are wet, as
I have found with lights over them they will endure
almost any amount of cold, and the more air they
get, when there is [no frost, the finer and stronger
they are. This being so they should never be
coddled by shutting them up in open weather as
this is almost sure to draw them, and cause bolting
or premature turning-in, and this seldom happens
■with sturdy thick-legged plants. The soil for
potting should be light and rich. ./. S.

The Hardy Fruit Garden.

Rasprkrky Plantations. — Where the fruit has
been gathered the plants should have all the old
fruiting canes cut out, to give the young canes
intended to be reserved for fruiting next year space
to grow ; and if these should be of weakly
growth, a rich mulching or watering with manure-
water should be applied to them. As a mulch, cow-
manure is one of the best, especially if the land be of
a light kind.

Apple and Pear Trees. — Young standards will be
the better for some amount of pruning, such as
•cutting back to a few eyes all those shoots which
spring from the branches selected to form the head,
and are not wanted for the forming of more branches.
The leaders may have their ends pinched in,
according to their strength. Examine the ties,
and do not let these clasp the bark too tightly,
but, if necessary, cut the ties and refasten them,
placing a soft pad between the stake and the stem.

Nuts. — Bushes, especially young ones, and if
getting tilled up in the centre by much growth of shoots,
should be thinned out freely, and all strong spongy
shoots cut entirely away, and suckers springing from
the root must be taken out with a suckering imple-
ment. To succeed with Cobs and Filberts, the heads
of the bushes must be kept well opened out, and
trained in the vase or cup form, and then each
branch may be made to produce quantities of twiggy
fruitful spurs. //. Markkam, Mereworth Castle, Knit.

Home Correspondence.

STRAWBERRY BRITISH QUEEN. -In your issue
for July 20, I was very pleased to notice the remarks
of " F. R." in praise of this fine old Strawberry. To
me this is the King as well as Queen of Strawberries.
Many of the newer sorts do certainly put the old
Queen in the shade in the matter of si/.e and appear-
ance, but not one of them can approach it in tin-
point of flavour, for they lack the richness of this
old favourite. True, it does not travel like Sir
Joseph Paxton, but if a little care is exercised
in gathering it before it is too ripe, it will travel
almost as well. British Queen is planted extensively
in the Abbey garden at Cirencester, and this season
it has borne an extraordinary crop. But Mr. Taylor,
the gardener, does not give quite so much space be-
tween the rows as that recommended by the Editor.
I think the distance between the rows is 2 feet, and
18 inches from plant to plant. I think the soil
has a great deal to do with the success which
attends Mr. Taylor, the present season being no ex-
ception, for should the plants escape late spring
frosts there is pretty sure to be a good crop. In
another garden not far off, in which the soil is of a
totally different character, it being light and dry,
British Queen will not grow at all. The fruits
ripened perfectly in the Abbey garden, and the plants
are in robust health. T. Arnold.

GOOD BORDER CARNATIONS. I send for your
inspection a collection of my Shirley strain of Car-
nations; these flowers were cut from plants raised
from seeds of my own saving, which has given a
result of not less than 80 per cent, of good double
flowers, many of which are equal to named varieties;
the plants are very robust and much more floriferous
than plants raised from layers or cuttings, and they do
not entail one-tenth part of the trouble or care "that
named sorts require. I sow the seed at the end
of July, and winter in a cold frame or sheltered
border, planting ont into flowering beds at the end
■of March or early in April ; all of the plants do not

flower the first year, but those that remain over
come into bloom very early the following season, so
that we are able to cut Tarnation flowers in quantity
from the early part of June to the end of October.
'17ios. Butch e. [ A beautiful lot of Carnations to have
been raised from seed, and fit for every use a Carna-
tion may be put to, except of course, to figure at a
show of florists' flowers. Kd.]

GOOSEBERRIES FOR NEW YORK.— In the south
of Ireland, and where we are within six days' journey
of America, and the great markets of Boston, New
York, and Philadelphia, I fancy we should grow
(iooseberries by the acre to pluck green for direct
shipments with the States. I don't think there
would be any duty, and as they cannot grow Goose-
berries with any certainty in the State of New York,'
it should pay to send green fruit for tarts and Goose-
berry fool. It would be a good plan to have a trial
lot put on board one of the direct steamers in Queens-
town, and have these cooked and served when
approaching New York. There should be a large
demand in April and May in the places mentioned.
[Ed. Try it. J W. II. Hart/and, Btackroek, Cork.

CLIANTHUS AT INDEO— My attention has been
drawn to Mr. Aggetts' note in our last issue, p. 110,
on the very tine Clianthus at Indeo, Bovey-Tracey.
His description tallies with a notice of mine on
this same specimen, and which was published in the
Gardeners' Chronicle some three or four years ago.
In that case the plant undernotice was notCIianthus
Darapieri at all, but an unusually grand example of
Clianthus puniceus— a showy, free-flowering plant,
with pendulous racemes of scarlet, pea-shaped
flowers. It is gratifying to know that this lovely
climber is now often met with in Devonshire, where
it is nearly hardy. At Teignmouth a beautiful
specimen of this plant was observed by me growing
out-of-doors, and which nearly covered one end of
a cottage, in which a gardener lived. I fear that what
Mr. Aggetts heard in a lecture years ago at Kew
concerning the mitliness of Clianthus Dampieri is
only too true. Ten or twelve years ago plant
growing of a high character was practised at Exeter
Nurseries, as was shown amongst others by the
collection of tine specimen plants belonging to Messrs.
Lncombe, Pince & Co. at that time. The culture of
Clianthus Dampieri was taken in hand by them, and
I well remember the many experiments made, and
the miserable-looking specimens — not more than a
foot or so in height — that were produced by pot
culture, the pot containing the plant being placed
inside another one, so that the soil could be" kept in
a moist state without putting water in direct contact
with the plant, which would be fatal. W. Napper
Cltelsea.

EFFECTS OF LIGHTNING. -I )n p. 18 you record
the effect of lightning on an Elm at Dulwich. I
have recently seen a result somewhat similar here,
but instead of on an Elm the result was seen on a
tall scaffold pole. On the 12th ult. I arrived at
this place just before the commencement of one of
the heaviest storms I remember. 1 n the midst of
the storm I saw from my window a vivid flash of
lightning, which seemed close to me ; in descending
to the earth it divided in two, and one of the lateral
flashes again divided into three : one of these minor
flashes appeared to descend vertically to the ground.
The next day I found that a scaffold pole had been
struck by this flash, and the results were extra-
ordinary. About a foot of the upper part of the pole
was split into three or four pieces, and hurled for some
distance. The lightning loosened the annual rings.
In further descending towards the ground the
lightning scooped out narrow splinters of wood
about half an inch by a quarter of an inch, and from
4 to 5 feet long, for a length of 20 feet from the top
of the pole. These pieces were ploughed out with
great regularity and precision, the dimensions in the
different pieces scarcely varying. The long splinters
were like thin very straight rods made by hand. Near
the middle of the pole a horizontal pole was corded on,
but the lightning did not injure the horizontal pole,
although it scorched the rope which tied the two
together. The stoim, which was of extraordinary
violence, lasted from 7.30 to 9..'J0 p.m. ; there was no
wind till the storm had virtually ceased. The down-
pour of rain must have been almost without parallel
in this country. The town was flooded ; some base-
ments were full of water up to the ceiling, and with
an addition of 2 and ,'( feet of water in the ground-
floor rooms. In one house there was 0 feet of rain-
water, and furniture and provisions were extensively
floated and destroyed. In places where the roads

are low there was 4 feet of rain-water, and in a rail-
way cutting about a hundred tons of chalk and earth
were washed down, which temporarily stopped the
railway tratlic. A mill had one of its sails completely
destroyed. The town during all this tumult was iii
darkness, as, theoretically, it should have been a tim-
moonlight night, when no lamps are lighted. The
tire-bell commenced ringing in the midst of the
storm, the lightning having fired two farmsteads in
the neighbouring village of Eaton Bray. A farmer
close by here had a chimney-pot smashed to atoms.
Many horses attached to vehicles became quite un-
governable ; nothing could be done with them, owing
to their fright at the incessant lightning, the thunder,
and the floods. As the storm came to an end, a short,
sudden hurricane of wind arose, whichlifted trees out
by the roots, and carried away the entire top and sails
off a windmill. At Watford, to the south, a man was
killed ; at Tilswcrth, to the north, four cows' were
killed; at l.eagrave a shepherd's dog (inside a
housei was killed; and two horses were killed at
l/illey. Of course the floods of water deposited tons
of mud in the cellars of the town, the streets looked
like shallow rivers, and the road metalling was either
torn up or lefc perfectly clean. In some' places walls
were washed down. The more nervous railway pas-
sengers remained at the station for nearly two "hours,
and after this time they could not reach the town en-
tirely by the road. Considerable damage was done to the
crops, but as there was no wind during the storm, the
rain fell perpendicularly and so injured the corn less
than it would otherwise have done. Hay that had
not been got up was washed away, and in some places
deep holes were made ill the fields and footpaths.
Ten times more injury was done than I have men-
tioned, and even now no complete record of the de-
struction is to hand. I have secured most of the re-
markable splinters from the pole ; the ends of the
annual rings are in the narrower dimension, and
manv of the rings are slightlv free from each other.
If. G. 8., Dunstable.

LONGEVITY OF FERN-SPORES.— I have been
asked by several botanists if I knew how long Fern-
spores retained vitality. To test them I gathered in
the autumn of 1886 some spores of the common
Brake Fern (Pteris aquilina), and sowed some. Of
course they vegetated freely. In 1887 spores of the
same gathering grew freely, but in 1888 they failed.
However, failure in this case was due to some other
circumstance than weakness in the spores, as is
proved by the sowing made this year, which vege-
tated very freely. I have still a quantity of the
spores gathered in 1886 for future annuaL" sowings.
Meanwnile it may be worth recording that the spores
of Pteris aquilina vegetated perfectly after bavin;
been kept in a seed-room drawer for three years. If'.

Fruit Register,

STRAWBERRY, WATERLOO.

This new variety undoubtedly deserves to be com-
monly grown. Tts crimson fruits are both large and
handsome, and of excellent flavour — far preferable
in this respect to those of the Helene Gloede type.
Its firm flesh is rich in colour, and the surface is
smooth, thereby enabling the fruit to bear transit to
a long distance without injury. Tt is a mid-season
variety, ripening between President and Loxford
Hall Seedling— at a time, therefore, when first-rate
Strawberries are not too plentiful. For packing to
send to a distance, and for keeping up an unbroken
supply of fruits of the best quality for dessert, it is
unquestionably a valuable variety to grow. T.
t'ooinbe.r.

Peach Euebardt.

A large yellow-fleshed early Peach, recommended
by M. Burvenich as superior to any of its class. A
coloured figure is given in the Bulletin d'Arbori-
ctdture for May last.

Monastery Peak.

This is an extremely hardy Pear from the neigh-
bourhood of Dantzig, where, at 1500 feet above the
sea level, it bears fruit abundantly in most years.
It is, according to the assurance of the minister,
(iriinholz, of Sianowo, an able pomologist, well
adapted for drying purposes and for the dessert. In
size and form the fruit resembles the well-know.n

August 3, 1889.]

TEE GARDENERS1 CHRONICLE.

141

Chaumontelle, being, on an average, 3 inches long
and 2 inches broad, a vertical section of the fruit
being larger than the other. It is stated that the
variety was cultivated in the garden of the nunnery
at Zuckau, about 10 miles from Dantzic, and has
not become as yet much distributed. Fruits plucked
on August 25 and September S and 15 were ripe in
the first instance on September 12, and the others
towards the end of that month. Growth is strong,
the tree in mature age becoming round-headed. It
grows in any kind of soil, and is well adapted for
planting in orchards, and is a good road-side tree. The
fruit, when gathered, is grass-green, becoming, when
ripe, of a yellowish-green colour, the sunny side a
little reddish. The fruit is fit to gather in its habitat
at the end of August and commencement of Sep-
tember. Garten Flora.

Benefits of Spraying.

Mr. A. C. Hammond, Secretary Illinois Horti-
cultural Society, states that, as a result of spraying
one portion of his Apple orchard in 1S87, he gathered
500 bushels of Apples, of which 75 per cent, were
perfect, and 85 per cent, marketable ; while from the
same number of trees in the other orchard he had
not a peck of perfect fruit. Canadian Horticulturist.

Simon's Plum.

From the Canadian Horticulturist we take the
following account of a Plum recommended for grow-
ing in climates where the climate is not propitious to
the growth of the Peach. This fruit promises to be
a real acquisition to fruit growers who, like us in
Ontario, live on the Northern border of the Peach
belt, because it may take the place of the Peach, at
least in part. Though commonly called a Plum, the
fruit, especially when cooked, resembles that of the
Peach ; and the tree itself, both in flower and foliage,
more properly belongs to the Peach than to the Plum
family.

It is named " Simon's Plum " after Eugene Simon,
French Minister at Pekin, who found it growing in
North Eastern China, and forwarded it to his
brother-in-law, Simon Louis, of Metz. Prof. Budd
says he first saw it bearing in the valley of the
Moselle, id Eastern France ; and being favourably
impressed with it, he introduced it into Iowa for
testing. He has found it to be as hardy as the
Chicasaw Plum, and recommends it for extended
trial.

Plant Notes.

ISOLOMA HIRSUTA.

Mr. W. Bull, of Chelsea, we believe, claims the in-
troduction nf this beautiful plant for the United States
of Colombia, and which is described in his Catalogue
for 1882, as "of free growth, producing in profusion
attractive tubular flowers of a bright orange- vermilion
colour, the upper lobes scarlet, and the lower lip and
throat orange spotted with scarlet." It is a beauti-
ful Gesneraceous plant, growing some 5 feet or more
in height, having ovate acuminate leaves, covered
with silky hairs ; the margins are serrated, banded
with dull red hairs, which also partly cover the
back of the leaf. Greenhouse temperature is more
suited to its requirements than stove, for if the tem-
perature be too high, it makes much growth and has
very little bloom. When trained to a pillar or trellis
it has a pretty effect, and is often in flower during
the year. It should be grown in a compost of fibry
rough peat, rejecting much of the finer material, and
using a fair quantity of silver sand. Corymbs are
produced freely both underground and upon older
portions of the stem, especially when they are some-
what aged.

Eranthemum Andersoni.
This is a very pretty-flowered stove species, and
one that may be had in flower at various times
duriDg the year by simply propagating cuttings at
different periods. It is not so generally known and
grown as it deserves to be. The plant grows from

2 to 3 feet or more in height, and possesses large
terminal spikes of flower ; the tube of the corolla is
slender, about \k inch in length ; the two upper
and lateral lobes are pure white, while the lower one,
or lip, is prettily dotted with crimson. Cuttings
strike readily at all times. The young plants must
be stopped at the points occasionally, in order to get
them bushy. The plants do not require large pots,
and should be kept as near the glass as possible,
without injury. During the summer they may be
grown in an intermediate-house, but in winter a
stove temperature is needful. For soil, use fibrous
loam, with a good addition of rather coarse sand.

E. eboracense is another free-flowering plant,
the flowers being small, and of a pure white; it has
a bush-like habit, and is a slow grower. Cuttings
should be taken in early spring, and grown on in a
warm pit or frame. It is a plant of value for cut
blooms.

E. Veitchii is neat and stiff in growth, and bears
perfect flowers. From what I have seen of it, it is
rather difficult to cultivate. II'. Harrow.

Foreign Correspondence.

HYBRIDISING.

In answer to "Enquiries," I would say that I
impregnated Carica porphvrocarpa, a stove plant,
with ovoid, red fruits and scentless, which I never
could keep alive after it had fruited. The pollen
employed was that of Carica cundinamarcensis, a
strong-growing greenhouse plant, with sweet-scented,
costate, yellow fruits. The offspring has nearly the
foliage of the male parent, and the same strong, hardy
constitution ; the fruits are red, scentless, and larger
than those of the female, ovoid in shape, and much
larger (twice) than the fruits of the male plant.
Both C. cundinamarcensis and the hybrid can be
seen at Kew, to which garden I gave them ; but C.
porphyrocarpa is, I fear, lost to gardens, on account
of its weak constitution. The hybrid fertilised by
C. cundinamarcensis has red fruits, very slightly
costate, and faintly scented. Jean pan Volxcm.

Miles Joseph Berkeley.— Full of years, rich
in the respect and affection which a long life of
singular manliness and almost unparalleled service
to Science and Horticulture have most worthily
won, Miles Berkeley died on the 30th ult. at
Sibbertoft, near Market Ilarborough, of which place
he had been Vicar since 1808. On more than one
occasion we have had an opportunity of calling
attention to the leading facts of his career, but so
distinguished was he, so full of valuable lessons was
his life, that no apology is needed for again alluding
to them. We, indeed, have special reasons fordoing
so and for recording our gratitude to one, who,
almost from the first establishment of this Journal
in 1841, up to two or three years since, was a tower
of strength to us, and upon whose encyclopedic
knowledge and well-balanced judgment successive
editors could always rely. At one time the familiar
initials, M. J. B., were rarely, if ever, absent from our
weekly issue. Berkeley's eminence was gained
in the field of Cryptogamic botany, and especially in
the discrimination and description of fungi ; but in
almost all departments of botany and natural
history his knowledge was both wide and deep,
while his classical attainments were very consider-
able, and his general knowledge, as we have said,
so encyclopedic, that it is difficult to point to any
subject of which he did not know something. His
mind was eager and receptive almost to the last ; it
is only a few years since that we once found him
busy in acquiring some knowledge of Polish, for the
purpose of making himself acquainted with the
results of some investigations made by Rostannski
and others.

At the Royal Horticultural Society Berkeley

acted for several years, after the decease of Lindley,
as botanical referee and general counsellor, a post
for which he was well suited, as among his many
attainments his knowledge of the practical details of
horticulture was as thorough as was his acquaintance
with the principles. It was,, however, particularly
in his knowledge of fungi, and their effects in pro-
ducing disease in plants, that his services to horti-
culture were most marked ; and there are many still
left who well remember how the old man's eye
kindled and his noble presence seemed to stand out
in bolder relief as he dilated on the favourite objects
of his study.

Miles Joseph Berkeley was born in the parish of
Oundle, Northamptonshire, in 1803, a member of
the famous family of Berkeley, tracing his descent
from Thomas Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk. He was
educated at Rugby and Christ's College, Cambridge,
where he entered in 1821. He became a scholar
of his College, and graduated as fifth senior
optime in 1825. His friends at the time con-
sidered that he might well have taken even
a higher place had his mind not been even at that
early period imbued with the taste for natural
history. The Cambridge of that date was widely
different from what it is now, and there was but
little scope then for, and little respect paid to natural
science and its devotees. It is only of late years
that his College recognised how distinguished a pupil
they had had the honour of producing, and tardily
conferred on him the Honorary Fellowship of his
College. Leaving the University, he became a curate
at Margate, and here he made the acquaintance of
Mr. Hoflmann, a surgeon, and of Mr. Tucker, a
gardener, subsequently to become known for their
discovery and researches into the nature of
yeast and of the Vine mildew (then known as
Oidium Tuckeri). His recommendation of sulphur
as an application was productive of the best results,
and has been much extended in similar cases since
then. In 1833 he became incumbent of two
small parishes near Wansford, and eked out their
scanty revenues by taking pupils. At this period
(1833) his first separate publication, so far as
we have been able to trace, was published in the
shape of Gleanings of British Alga;, though doubtless
a search through Loudon's Magazine of Natural
History, and other periodicals of the time, would
show still earlier work among the Mollusca, for ex-
ample. Berkeley, however, first made his mark in
1836, when he contributed to Dr. (afterwards Sir
William) Hooker's British Flora, the account of the
fungi of the British isles, a truly remarkable piece
of work for the time ; and one which has only been
superseded quite of late years, when new methods of
research and the more complete investigations into
the life-history of fungi have necessitated a thorough
revision of previous work.

Mr. Berkeley was the first, and, till quite recently,
the only botanist in this country who devoted syste-
matic attention to the diseases of plants ; and his
papers on vegetable pathology, which were com-
menced in these columns in 1854, and continued at
intervals till 1857, still remain the most comprehensive
of their kind in the language. The great extension of
knowledge in this direction, especially in Germany,
of course renders recasting necessary, but for his-
torical purposes this series of articles will ever retain
their value, and it may be of interest to add, that a
full index of the contents of these papers is given in
our volume for 1857, p. 077.

In 1857 Berkeley published his Introduction to
Cryptogamic Botany, which, like his papers on Veget
able Pathology, occupied the field without a rival, till
the recently published work of Messrs. Bennett &
Murray, to which it will be our duty shortly to call at-
tention. Outlincsof British Fungology followed in 1800;
and a work on British Moseses in 1863. In addition to
these standard treatises, Berkeley was continually at
work on the description of fungi from all parts of the
world, often in conjunction with the late Mr. Broome,
whose patient skill, judgment, and leisure were valu-
able aids to the more hardly pressed Berkeley. These
continued labours were recognized by the scientific

142

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 3, 1889.

societies, who were proud to enrol so distinguished a
naturalist among their Fellows. In 1863 the Royal
Society did itself credit in conferring on Mr.
Berkeley, not then a Fellow of that body, the
greatest honour in its power to confer, viz., one of
the Royal Medals. As showing the grounds on
which this award was made, we may fitly cite what
was said on the occasion by the President at that
time, General Sabine : — "

" The Council has awarded a Royal Medal to the
Rev. Miles Joseph Berkeley for his researches in
cryptogamic botany, especially in mycology. Mr.
Berkeley's labours as a cryptogamic botanist for
upwards of thirty-five years, during which they have
been more especially devoted to that extensive and
difficult order of plants the fungi, have rendered
him in the opinion of the botanical members of the
Council by far the most eminent living author in
that department. These labours have consisted in
large measure of the most arduous and delicate
microscopic investigations. Besides papers in various
journals on fungi from all parts of the globe, and in
particular an early and admirable memoir on British
fungi, the volume entitled Introduction to Cryptogamic
Botany, published in 1857, is one which especially de-
serves to be noticed here. It is a work which he alone
was qualified to write. It is full of sagacious remarks
and reasoning ; and particular praise is due to the
special and conscientious care bestowed on the veri-
fication of every part, however minute and difficult,
upon which its broad generalisations are founded.
Mr. Berkeley's merits are not confined to description
or classification, there are facts of the highest signi-
ficance which he has been the first to indicate, and
which in many cases he has also proved by observa-
tion and by experiments. We refer to his obser-
vations on the development of the reproductive
bodies of the three orders of Thallogens (Algse,
Lichens, and Fungi), and on the conversion under
peculiar conditions of certain forms of their fruit
into others, to the exact determination of the rela-
tions, and sometimes of the absolute specific identity
of various forms of fungi previously referred to dif-
ferent tribes ; and to the recognition in many species
and genera of a diversity of methods of reproduction
in giving origin to parallel series and forms. As
intimately connected with the life-history of fungi,
the intricate subject of vegetable pathology has been
greatly elucidated by him ; and he is, indeed, the
one British authority in this department. His
intimate acquaintance with vegetable tissues, and
with the effects of external agents, such as climate,
soil, exposure, &c, has enabled him to refer many
maladies to their source, and to propose methods
which in some cases have proved successful of avert-
ing, checking, and even curing diseases in some of
our most valuable crops. In this line of research
he has also demonstrated, on the one hand, that
many so-called epiphytal and parasitic fungi are
nothing but morbid conditions of the tissues of the
plant; on the other hand, that microscopic fungi
lurk, and produce the most disastrous results, where
their presence had been least suspected."

In 1878, at the request and in the name of a body
of subscribers, a portrait of the Rev. M. J. Berkeley,
painted by Peel, was presented by Sir Joseph Hooker
to the Linnean Society, in whose meeting room it
hangs. Mr. Berkeley acted as examiner at the
Universities of London, Cambridge, and elsewhere.
Mr. Berkeley's services were also utilised by the
Government on several occasions, especially with re-
gard to the Potato disease. A small Government
pension was a few years since granted to the reverend
gentleman, who found, as many others do, that devo-
tion to science is not a lucrative occupation, or one
calculated to render much help in the education of a
large family. It has ever been a matter of surprise
to his friends that no higher Church preferment was
ever offered to Mr. Berkeley,' for assuredly he did
not allow the claims of Science in any way to inter-
fere with his duties as a parish priest. It is only
another illustration of the adage that a prophet
has no honour in his own country.

Mr. Berkeley, till of late years, had a striking and
dignified physique and a noble head, which in this
case furnished a true index of the brain power
within. His straightforward and unpretentious sim-
plicity, yet strength of character, was combined, not
only with caution, vast knowledge, and sagacity,
but with personal qualities and considerateness

towards others which endeared him to his
associates, and caused him to be venerated
by them. Our portrait, an excellent likeness,
engraved by Mr. W. G. Smith, shows the
great botanist as he was ten years ago, when age and
infirmity had not yet left their trace on his noble
features. Major-General Berkeley, a son of the
deceased gentleman, is known to many of our
readers as an assiduous student of Orchids in
Burrnah and other parts of India.

The Weather.

[By the term " accumulated temperature " is meant a figure
representing the aggregate amount, as well as the dura-
tion, of the excess or defect of temperature above or below
42° Fahr. for the period named; and this combined result
is explained in Day-degrees— a " Day-degree " signifying
1° continued for twenty-four hours, or any other number
of degrees for an inversely proportional number of hours.]

Temperature.

Bright

Sun.

Accumulated.

a
3

00
00

d 1 e3

3 a .

a a*

iri

*•*

s s

°>

SS Jgg

& u

±1
1

£,&

I s '1 rt

K
H
i.

+ o

a J

>
o

■4

» 8,2 &- 3 3

Si *-" J<M

a .

—
5
6

1
o

V o

o
A,

° d

a o

Day-

lOths

In.

deg.

Inch.

i —

+ 188

+ 4

2 —

138

20.8

i —

100

+ 61

+ 5

2 —

109

13.4

3 —

101

+ 40

+ 7

Oav.

100

12.4

4 —

107

+ 15

+ 112

Oav.

107

11.4

4 —

107

+ 22

+ 60

1 —

100

16.8

3 —

119

+ 72

+ 75

3 +

105

13.7

2 —

+ 94

— 23

3 —

115

21.3

3 —

102

+ 71

— 1

1 —

105

15.5

'.'

3 —

109

+ 3

+ 88

1 -

101

18.6

3 —

+ 51

— 53

3 —

127

18.8

2 —

113

+ 22

— 14

1 +

115

18.6

2 —

131

+ 97

— 16

1 —

113

14.8

The districts indicated by number in the first column are
the following : —

Principal Wheat-producing Districts — 1, Scotland, N. ;

2, Scotland, E. ; 3, England, N.E. ; 4, England, E. ;

5, Midland Counties; 6, England, S.
Principal Grazing, §c.t Districts — 7, Scotland, W. ; 8,

England, N.W.; 9, England. S.W. ; 10, Ireland, N.;

11, Ireland, S. ; 12, Channel Islands.

THE PAST WEEK.

The following summary record of the weather for
the week ending July 29, is furnished from the
Meteorological Office : —

"The weather has again been in an unsettled con-
dition very generally, with occasional (but not heavy)
falls of rain. Towards the end of the period, how-
ever, the conditions underwent considerable improve-
ment. Some thunder and lightning were experienced
from time to time in various parts of the Kingdom.

" The temperature has continued below the mean,
the deficit having ranged from 1° in the north and
east of Scotland to 4° over eastern and central
England. The daily maxima were very low for
the time of year, but towards the end of the
period temperature was rising, and readings varying
between 73° and 80° were generally recorded. The
lowest of the minima occurred during the earlier part
of the week, and ranged from 36° to 40° in Scotland,
from 3S° to 45° over England, and 41° to 45° over
Ireland. In the " Channel Islands " the lowest
reading was 53°.

Bain/all has been rather more than the mean in
' England, S.' and ' Ireland, S.,' but somewhat less
in most other districts.

Bright sunshine has been deficient very generally,
the percentage of the possible amount of duration
having ranged from 20° in ' England, N.E.' to 37°
in ' Ireland, N.'

Markets.

— ■+

CO VENT GARDEN, August 1.

Market quiet, with prices unaltered. James Web-
ber t Wholesale Apple Market.

Fruit.— Average Wholesale Prices.

Currants,
sieve
Red,

Black,

Gooseberries.'^-sieve 3 0-36
Grapes, per Id.

s. 4' *• d.
Lemons, per case ...12 0-21 0
Peaches, per doz. ... 6 0-15 0
Pine-apples, Eng., lb. 16-30
— St. Michael, each 2 0-60
0 6- 2 6 [ Strawberries, per lb. 0 4-10

4 0-60
3 6-46

Vegetables. — Average Retail Prices.

t. d. s. d.
Beans, Fr., per lb. ... 0 6- ...
Beet, red, per dozen 10-20
Carrots, per bunch... 0 6- ...
Cauliflowers, each ... 0 3- ...
Celery, per bundle... 16-20

Cucumbers, each
Endive, per dozen ,
Green Mint, bunch.
Herbs, per bunch .
Leeks, per bunch .
Lettuce, per dozen .

,. 0 6
2 0-
0 4-
0 4-

0 3-

1 6-

s. d. s. d.
Mushrooms, punnet 1 6- ...
Mustard and Cress,

punnet ". 0 4- .

Onions, per bunch ... 0 5- ,
Parsley, per bunch... 0 4- ,
Peas, per quart ... 1 3- .
Shallots, per lb. ...06-.
Spinach, per bushel... 3 6- ,
Tomatos, per lb. ... 1 0- .
Turnips," per, bunch,

new 0 5- ,

;

Potatos. — Foreign supplies finishing up badly, and very low
price, most samples diseased. Home arrivals are now
heavy: Kidneys, 3s. 6d. to 4s. 6d. per cwt. ; Beauty of
Hebron, 3s. to 4s. ; Early Rose, 3s. to 3s. 6ti. The late
heavy rain is causing disease to spread in some districts.
J. B, Thomas. ,

Plants in Pots.— Average Wholesale Prices.

Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6
Balsams, doz. ... 4

Begonias, dozeu ... 4
Cactus, per dozen... 9
Calceolarias, dozen 4
Crassula, per dozeul2
Cyperus, per dozen . 4
Dracaena terminalis,

per dozen 30

— viridis, per doz. 12
Erica, various, doz. 12
Euonymus, in var.,

per dozen 6

Eeergreens, in var.,

per dozen 6

Kerns, in var., doz. 4
Foliage plants, vari-
ous, each 2

Ficus elastica, each . 1

d. s. d.
0-18 0
0-6 0
0-12 0
0-18 0
0-9 0
0-30 0
0-12 0

0-80 0
0-24 0
0-30 0 ;

0-24 0
0-18 0

0-10 0
6- 7 0

Fuchsias, dozeu ... 3
Hydrangea, per doz. 9
Lilium lancifolium,
per dozen ... ...12

— auratum, doz, ...12

— longifolium, doz. 12
Lobelias, dozen ... 3
Marguerites, doz. ... 6
Mignonette, doz. ... 3
Musk, dozen ... 2
Nasturtiums, doz. ... 3
Palms in var., each 2
Pelargoniums, per

dozen 6

— Ivy-Leafed, doz. 3

— scarlet, doz. ... 2
Rliodauthe, per doz. 4
Stocks, dozen ... 4

d. s. d.
0-8 0
0-18 0

0-34 0
0-30 0
0-24 0
0-5 0
0-12 0
0- 6 0
0-4 0
0-5 0
6-21 0

0-15 0
0- 4 0
0-4 0-
0-6 0
0-6 0

Cut Flowers.— Average Wholesale Prices.

Abutilons, 12 bun. ...
Bouvardias, per bun.
Cactus blooms, doz.
Carnations, 12 bun.

— 12 blooms
Cornflowers, 12 bun.
Delphinium, 12 bun.
Eucharia, per dozen
Gardenias, 12 blooms
Gladioli, 12 bun. ...

— 12 sprays
Heliotropes, 12 spr.
Lavender, 12 bun. ...
Lilium, vari., 12 bis.
Maiden Hair Fern,

12 bun

Marguerites, 12 bun.

s.d.s. d.

2 0-40
0 6-09
16-20

3 0-60
10-30
10-40
3 0-60

3 0-60
2 0-40

2 0-90
10-20
0 6-10
6 0-80
10-50

4 0-90

3 0-60

Mignonette, 12 bun.
Pansies, 12 bun.
Pelargoniums, 12 spr.

— scarlet, 12 spr....
Pinks (var.), 12 bun.
Primulas, dbl.,12 sp.
Rhodanthe, 12 bun.
Roses, Tea, per doz.

— coloured, dozen.

— red, per dozen ...

— Safrano, dozen...
Stephanotis, 12 spr.
Stock, 12 bunches ...
SweetSultan, 12 bun.
Sweet Peas, 12 bun.
Tuberoses. 12 blms....

s. d. s. d'
2 0-40
10-20
0 6-10
0 3-00
2 0-40
0 9-10
4 0-66
0 6-20
2 0-40
0 4-10
0 6-10

2 0-40

3 0-60

4 0-60
2 0-60
0 6-10

Orchid bloom in variety, fairly good supply.

SEEDS.

London: July 31. — Messrs. John Shaw & Sons,
seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane, E.G., London,
report that there was but little business passing on
the seed market to-day ; nevertheless, a much better
inquiry now exists for those seeds required for
autumn sowing. More money is asked for new
French Trifolium, holders on the other side having
raised their prices. White Mustard is in greater
favour. The new Rape seed, being out of condition,
causes yearling seed to be more firmly held. Canary
seed neglected. Hemp seed steady. New Rye pro-
mises to be cheap, but much will be of poor quality

CORN.

Averages. — Official statement showing the average
price of British corn, imperial measure, in the
week ended July 27 : — Wheat, 30s. ; Barley, 25s. ;
Oats, 19s. lOi. For the corresponding week in 1888 :
—Wheat, 32a. 6d. ; Barley, 25s. Id. ; Oats, 17a.

FRUITS AND VEGETABLES.

Spitalfields : July 31. — Quotations : — Apples,
5s. to 7s. 6d. per bushel ; Rears, 2s. dd. to 3s. 6d.
per half-sieve ; Gooseberries, 3s. to 4s. do. ; Black
Currants, 5s. 6d. to 6s. do. ; Red Currants, 3s.
to 4s. do. ; black Cherries, 7s. to lOs.'do. ; Raspberries,
22s. to 24s. per cwt. ; Orleans Plums, 5s. &d. to 7s.
per half-sieve ; English Tomatos, 4s. to 6s. per 12 lb.

August 3, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS1 CHRONICLE.

143

foreign Tomatos, 7s. Gd. to lis. per case of 12 boxes ;
pickling Walnuts, 3s. Gd. to 4s. per half-sieve;
Cabbages, 2s. Gd. to 5ft per tally ; Cauliflowers, 3s.
to 4s. Gd per dozen; Seakale, Is. to Is. Gd. per
punnett ; French Beans, 3s. Gd. to 4s. Gd. per bushel ;
scarlet Beans, 4s. to 5s. Gd. do. ; Broad Beans, Is. 6d.
to 2s. do. ; Peas, 3s. to 3s. Gd. do. ; do., 5s. Gd to 8s.
per sack ; Turnips, 2s. Gd. to 3s. per dozen bunches ;
Carrots 2s. to 2s. Gd. do ; Parsley, Is. to Is. Gd. do. ;
Mint, Is.'to 2s. do. ; Endive, Is. to Is. Gd. per dozen ;
Cos Lettuce, 8d. to Is. per score; Mustard and
Cress, Is. to Is. Gd. per dozen baskets ; Leeks, Is. Gd.
to 2s. per dozen ; spring Onions, 2s. to 3s. Gd. per
dozen bunches ; Vegetable Marrows, Is. 3d. to 2s. per
dozen; frame Cucumbers, 2s. to 3s. Gd. do.; Bel-
gian Onions, 4s. to 4s. Gel. per bag of 1101b. ; Dutch
Onions, 4s. 3d. to 5s. per bag.

Stratford : July 29. — Prices :— Cabbages, Is. Gd.
to 3s. Gd. per tally ; Turnips, Is. Gd. to 2s. Gd. per
dozen bunches ; Mangels, 21s. to 23s. per ton ;
Hay, 60s. to 90s. per load ; Straw, 33s. to 36s.
per load ; Onions, Egyptian, 80s. to 100s. per
ton ; do., Dutch, 3s. to 4s. per bag ; do., Oporto,
9s. to 10s. per case ; Apples, English, 4s. to 7s.
per bushel ; Carrots, 2s. to 3s. per dozen bunches ;
Marrows, 4s. to 7s. per tally ; Cucumbers, 3s. to
3s. Gd. per flat ; do., frame, Is. Gd. to 4s. per dozen ;
Gooseberries, 5s. to 8s. per bushel ; Peas, 2s. to
3s. Gd. do. ; Broad Beans, 2s. ,6(2. to 3s. per bag ;
Pears, English, 4s. Gd. to 6s. per flat; Currants,
red, 4s. Gd. per half-sieve ; Plums, Dutch, 3s. to
3s. Gd. per bushel ; Watercress, Gd. per dozen.

FOTATOS.

Borough and Spitalfields, July 30. — Good
supplies of home-grown and a slow trade. Early
Rose, 50s. to 70s. ; Regents, 65s. to 80s. ; Myatt's,
60s. to 100s. ; Hebrons, 55s. to 90s per ton.

Spitalfields : July 31. — Quotations : — Jersey
flukes, 3s. dd. to 4s. Gd. per cwt. ; Magnums, 60s. to
70s. ; Myatt's kidneys, 65s. to 75s. ; Regents, 70s. to
80s. ; Imperators, 60s. to 70s. ; Early Rose, 60s. to
65s. per ton.

Stratford : July 30. — Quotations : — Regents, 60s.
to 70s. ; Hebrons, 55s. to 76s. ; Early Rose, 50s. to
60s. ; Kidneys, 50s. to 70s. per ton.

HAY.

Averages. — The following are the averages of the
prices obtained at the various metropolitan markets
during the past week : — Prime old Clover, 120s.
to 144s. ; new, 85s. to 110s. ; inferior, 45s. to 76s. ;
best hay, 78s. to 112s. ; inferior, 20s. to 50s. ; straw,
old, 40s. to 45s. ; do. new, 24s. to 40s. per load.

Notices to Correspondents.

Intelligent Readers, do please Note that letters
relating to Advertisements, or to the supply of
the Paper, should be addressed to the Publisher,
and not to the Editor. All communications
intended for publication, as well as specimens and
plants for naming, should be addressed to the
Editor. Such communications should be written
on one side only of the paper, and sent as early in
the week as possible. Correspondents sending
newspapers should be careful to mark the para-
graphs they wish the Editor to see.

Calceolaria Disease: J. H. The insects on the
slide are young woodlice. They have probably
nothing to do with the disease, except as scaven-
gers. The real cause of the disease is not known.

Begonia Seedling: 8. ('. Brilliant of hue, and of
much substance in petal.

Cucumber Disease : A. B. D. Probably owing to
root-worms existing in small nodules in the root.

Diseased Potatos : Foliejon. No doubt your tubers
were originally attacked by the Peronuspora,
abundance of which has been produced by culture.
Charles S. l'lowright .

Fungus : M. B. The young stage of the fearfully
stinking Phallus impudicus (Stinkhorn).

Insect : H. B. A grasshopper, some of which are
very destructive. — W. Trougkton. The "animals
on your Pear leaves are the larva? of the Pear
sawfly. — H. B., Braintree. The ins6ct, entirely
Bquashed, is a very juvenile green grasshopper,

which had, no doubt, gnawed the buds of your
Achimenes. You will probably find others in
your cool flower houses if you look sharply midst
the leaves. W.

London Purple : L. C. By this term is meant, we
believe, a preparation of arsenic and copper,

Names of Fruit : M. I. 1, Cherry May Duke ; 2, 3,
Impossible to name from one fruit.

Names of Plants: W. B. 1, Spircea Lindleyana ;

2, S. discolor ; 3, S. callosa var. ; 4, S. flagelli-
formis; 5, S. Thunbergii ; 6, Symphoricarpus vul-
garis variegata ; 7, Hydrangea nivea ; 8, Thuia
Wareana ; 9, Retinospora pisifera ; 10, Euonymus
pendulus (E. fimbriatus of gardens). — E. D. L. 4,
Eryngium amethystinum, true ; 7, Campanula
lactiflora, small fl. form. — B. and A. M. Anemia
Phillitidis. — C. W. I). Cotula coronopifolia. —
G. W. B. Hasinanthus magnificus, Herb. — Victor.
1, Sedum spurium ; 2, Thalictrum aquilegifolium ;

3, Sedum rupestre ; 4, Spiraa Lindleyana ; 5,
Campanula isophylla alba ; 6, Achillea aurea ; 7,
Sedum spectabile. — M. I. 4, the Bilberry (Vac-
cinium Myrtillus) ; 5, Antennaria margaritacea ;
6, Sedum spurium. — W. B. A fungus, Gra-
phiola phoenicis. — E. D. L. 1, Ligustrum si-
nense ; 2, Echinops sphajrocephalus ; 3, E. Ritro;

4, Rosa multiflora; 5, Mutisia decurrens ; 6, Eloa-
agnus longipes ; 7, 9, next week ; 8, Veronica
longifolia var. incarnata; 9, Melittis mellisophylla.
— G.W.B. 1, Centran thus ruber; 2, Epilobium
angustifolium ; 3, Antennaria margaritacea ; 4,
Veronica longifolia ; 5, Phlox setacea. — C. B.
Lysimachia vulgaris (Loose-strife). — A. B. 1,
Lychnis vespertina; 2, Gaillardiapicta; 3, G. uligi-
nosum ; 4, probably Barbarea vulgaris : wretched
specimens. — G. W. 1, Abelia rupestris; 2, Me-
littis melissophyllum ; 3, Lysimachia ciliata. —
il/iss W. 1, Hydrocotyle vulgaris ; 2, Viola pa-
lustris, probably.— J". T. Smecth. Pyrola rotundi-
folia, a rare British plant.—/. K. 1, Please send
another specimen in a tin box, or packed in card-
board ; 2, Viburnum Lantana. — Dr. M. Lathraa
squamaria. — T. L. B. 1, Oncidium longipes,
Lindl. ; 2, O. tanum, Lindl. ; 3, Masdevallia ma-
culata ; 4, Lycaste plana ; 5, Cattleya Loddigesii ;
6, Epidendrum cochleatum.— John M. 1, Eryn-
gium alpinum ; 2, Sedum album ; 3, Galega offici-
nalis ; 4, Liatris spicata ; 5, Aconitum Napellus ;
6, Begonia Sandersi ; 7, Onychium japonicum ;
8, Blechnum polypodioides. — W. Stevens. 1, Vera-
trum nigrum ; 2, Lysimachia vulgaris ; 3, Colutea
arborescens (Bladder senna) ; 4, Campanula per-
sicifolia.

Stem Bands for Fruit Trees : A. B. A conti-
nental remedy for the caterpillars of the winter
moth, &c, consists of 1 kilog. resin, 600 grammes
lard, 550 grammes stearine, and the cost is about
Is. per kilog. A kilog. of 1000 grammes=2 lb.
about.

Vandas and Aerides not Flowering : C. W. K.
The treatment of these is nearly identical, i.e.,
plenty of light, heat, and moisture in the growing
period, March— October ; a day temperature, ac-
cording to the weather, of 70°— 85° ; at night,
65°— 70° in March and April, and afterwards 5°
higher; in autumn and winter, 60° — 65°. After
October the plants will require less moisture, and
none should be allowed to lodge about them : do
not dry them off, or the leaves will shrivel and
drop off. You have not done right by moving
your plants into a cool vinery. The rest period
is three months hence.

CATALOGUE KECEIVED.

W. B. Hartland, 24, Patrick Street, Cork— Daffo-
dils, Oxlips, Cowslips, Hellebores, Primroses,
&c.

Communications Received.— K. P. W. K.— R. A.— Thos. H.

- R.— Ed. Norman.— Wild Rose.— W. E. G— F. A.— R. D.—

~ A. D.— E. F.S. D.— K. D.— Dr. CDantzig;— E. R. C— G. D.

— G. C. B.—W. S., Ottawa.— W. W.— W. G. S.— J. B.—

— H. L. de V., Paris.— J. A.— J. R.-J. W.—Q. M. W., Natal.

S. H.— E. S.. New Zealand.

A Royal Basket of Flowers.— The hand-
some basket of cut blooms which was placed in the
royal carriage on the occasion of the Queen's journey
from Portsmouth to London to attend the marriage
of Princess Louisb of Wales, was supplied by Mr.
Appleby, of the Dorking Nurseries. The flowers
consisted of Orchids, Roses, Carnations, and white
Passion flowers.

For Destroying Weeds on Garden Walks, Carriage

Drives, Stable Yards, ftc, also for Killing

Plantain on Lawns. Saves more than twice

its cost in Labour. No Smell.

One application will keep the Walks clear of Weeds for at

least Twelve Mont/is.

Used in the crystal palace gardens, the Alex-
andra PALACE GROUNDS, the CAMBRIDGE BOTANIC
GARDENS, and many other Public and Private Gardens.

Highly Commended by the Judges at the Alexandra Palace
Rose Show, 1889.

Price: — 1 Gallon, 2s. (tin included) ; 5 Gallons, Is. $d. per
Gallon ; 10 to 20 Gallotis, Is. id. per Gallon.

Carriage paid on 10 Gallons and upwards.

Used in the proportion of 1 gallon to 25 gallons of water,
and applied with an ordinary watering can.

Sole Proprietors and Manufacturers — The AGRI-
HORTICULTURAL CHEMICAL COMPANY, Tunbiidge,
Rent, and Carlton Street, Bolton, Lancashire.

Sold in London by — HURST & SONS. 152, Hounds-
ditch, E. ; BARR & SON, 12, King Street, Covent
Garden, W.C. ; A ROBINSON, 8, Leadenhall Street,
E.C. ; and other Nurserymen and Seedsmen.

SAVE HALF THE COST.

GARSIDE'S

BEDFORDSHIRE

COARSE AND
FINE

SILVER SAND

Is admitted by the leading Nurserymen to be the Best
Quality obtainable in the Trade.

Apply direct to the Proprietor for Samples and Price.

Free on Rail or Canal. All Orders executed with the utmost
promptness and under personal supervision. Special Rail-
way Rates in force to all parts.

GEO. GARSIDE, Jun., F.R.H.S., Leighton Buzzard, Beds.

TOBACCO PAPER, best quality, Is. per lb.;
141b., 135. Do. CLOTH, Is. per lb. ; 14 lb., 13s. Do.
FIBRE, much stronger, and better than Cloth or Paper, Is. per
lb. ; 14 lb., 13s. 28 Id. carriage paid to any station. The Trade
supplied.— PEIRCE and CO., BelvoirRd., St. Andrews, Bristol.

For Green and Black Fly, American Blight, Camellia

Scale, Red Spider, Mealy Bug, Brown and White Scale,
Worms, Wood Lice, &c.

" D T P D D M fl » THE UNIVERSAL

r^lOriEililrlj INSECTICIDE.

SAFE— ECONOMICAL— EFFECTUAL.
15, Princes Street, Edinburgh, July 15, 1887.— "Dear
Sirs, I have thoroughly tested a sample of a new Insecticide
which you were so good to send me. At the rate of 1 oz. to a
gallon of water at a temperature of 95° I find it kills Green
Fly immediately. Double this strength, or 2 oz. to a gallon at
120°, seals the fate of Scale of all sorts in a few seconds ;
while 3 oz. to gallon at same temperature effectually dissolves
Mealy Bug, and so far as I have yet observed, without the
slightest injury to leaf or flower, and it is withal a most
agreeable compound to work with. All our insect remedies
are applied through common syringe, or garden engine, a much
severer test of efficiency than when applied by hand-washing
or (.pray.— I remain, dear sirs, yours truly. (Signed) A.
MACKENZIE," of Messrs. Methven & Sons.

Sold by Chemists, Nurserymen, and Florists,
in Bottles at Is. 6d., 2s. Gd., aud 3s. 6d. ; in Tins (1 and 2
gallons), 10s. Qd. and 20s. each ; in quantities of 5 gallons and
upwards, 9s. per gallon.

Prepared only by

DUNCAN, FLOCKHART & CO., Chemists to the Queen,

Edinburgh.

May be had from B. S. WILLIAMS, Victoria aud Paradise
Nurseries, Upper Holloway, London ; and from

WILLIAM EDWARDS and SON, 157, Queen Victoria
Street, London.

CARSON'S PAINT

FatroniBed by 16,000 of the Nobility. Gentry,
and Clergy, for all kinds of

OUTDOOR WORK, CONSERVATORIES,

Greenhouses, Frames, Ac.
1 Cwt., and Oil Mixture, Free to all stations.

Liquid Non-Poisonous Paints for Inside of Conservatories, &c.
Prices, Patterns, and Testimonials, Post-free.

LA BELLS 8A3JVAOB YARD. LUDOATB HILL. E.G.
BACHELOR'S WALK, DUBLIN.— Discount for Cash.

144

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 3, 1889.

BONES !— BONES ! !— BONES ! ! !

Crushed Bones in all si/.es for Vine Borders, Lawns, Potting,
Grass T.unds. &c. Also BONE MEAL for Poultry Feeding,
GARDEN GUANO, DISSOLVED BONES, Special MANURES
and FERTILIZERS for all purposes.

For Prices, apply to

HARRISON, BARBER & CO. (Limited),

HARRETT LANE. WANDSWORTH. SURREY. S.W.

BEESON'S M A N U R K— The Best and
Cheapest Fertiliser for all purposes. Write for Circular
containing the Leading Gardeners' and Market Growers"
Reports. Sold in Tins. Is., 2s 6rf.. 5s. 6d., and 10s. 6d. each,
or 1 cwt. Bags, sealed, 13s. By all Seedsmen, or apply direct to
W. H. BEESON, Carbrook Bone Mills, Sheffield.

T EMON OIL INSECTICIDE.—

-Li The best of all preparations for easily, cheaply, and
effectually cleaning Plants from Green-fly, Thrip Scale, Bug,
&c. Follow the directions, and you will al\vay9 use it.

Pint, Is. <id. ; quart. 2s. M.; £ gallon, 5s. ; 1 galion, 9s. ; 4
gallons, 34s. Ask vour seedsman for it, or apply 10

WM. CLIBRAN" and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham ;
10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.

ORCHID PEAT, best quality; BROWN
FIBROUS PEAT for Stove and Greenhouse use. RHO-
DODENDRON and AZALEA PEAT. Samples and Prices to
WALKER and CO.. Farnborough, Hants.

G~~ ISHURSYl:oTlPOUND7used by leading
Gardeners since 1859 against Red Spider, Mildew,
Thrips, Green Fly, and other Blight. 1 to 2 ounces to the
gallon of soft- water; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines
and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake against
American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended
to supersede it. Boxes, Is., 3s.t and 10s. 6d.

GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on
wet ground. Boxes, rj<2. and Is., from the Trade.
Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY
(Limited), Loudon.

SAVE YOUR FIRE

and keep a fixed temperature under glass, by using
"FRIGI DOMO," made of prepared hair and
wool : a perfect non-conductor of cold.

3ffic*rtintiffi3

0M0,

REGISTERetT ■ ^ trade MARKI

IFOR PRICE LIST &. PARTICULARS ADDRESS-
RENJAMINCTDGINGTON
L9 2 Duke Sr JJ London Br/dge

GARDEN REQUISITES. — Stioks, Labels,
Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo CaneB, Rustic Work,
Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of
WATSON AND SCULL, 90, Lower Thames Street, London, E.O.

A Revised and Enlarged Cheap Edition.
NOW SHADY.

VINES ANTVINE CULTURE:

THE BEST BOOK ON GRAPES
EVER PUBLISHED,

ARCHIBALD F. BARRON,

Superintendent of the Royal Horticultural Society's
Gardens, Secretary of the Fruit Committee, &o.

Chapter.

II.

III.

IV.

VI.

VII.

VIII.

IX.

XI.

XII.

XIII.

XIV.

XV.

XVI.

XVII.

XVIII.

XLX.

XX.

XXI.

XXII.

XX HI.

xxrv.

XXV.
XXVI.
XXVII.

Plates I.-

CONTENTS.

Historical Sketch.
Propagation of the Vine.
Hybridising and Raising Vines from Seed.
Vine Borders : their formation, soils, &c.
Structures for Grape Growing.
Heating of Vineries.
Planting Vines : when and how to do it.
The General Management of Vineries.
Pruning and Training the Vine.
Disbudding and Stopping the Shoots.
Setting the Fruit.
Thinning the Fruit.
Keeping the Fruit.
Packing Grapes.
Pot Culture of Vines.
Fruiting Vines iu Pots.
Pot Vines as Decorative Table Plants.
Ground Vineries.

The Great Grapa Conservatory at Chiswick,
Vines on Open Walls.
Commercial Grape Culture.
Diseases and other Injuries.
Noxious Insects.

Selections of Grapes for Special Purposes.
The Classification of Grape Vines.
The Varieties of European Grapes.
The Varieties of American Grapes.
-XXX. : Illustrations of the best kinds of Grapes.

HILL & SMITH,

BRIERLEY HILL, HEAR DUDLEY,

And at 118, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, E.C.

" JOURNAL of HORTICULTURE " OFFICE,

171. FLEET STREET. LONDON, E.C.

To be had also of A. F. BARRON, Royal Horticultural

Gardens, Chiswick, London, W.

Demy 8vo, Handsomely Bound In Cloth.
Price 5s. ; Post-free, 6b. 6d.

IRON FENCING, HURDLES, GATES, &c.

ill Hi

IRON ROOFINC AND HAY BARNS.

rP II O S . W . ROBINSON,

I Dennis Park Ironworks, Stourbridge.

Special Estimates given for Large Contracts in Fencing,
Rooting, &c. Personal Surveys of Estates made, and practical
advice given as to the best and most economical Fences to put
down.

Illustrated Catalogues Free bv Post.

21-0Z. and 15-0Z. Foreign, of above sizes, in boxes of 100 feet

and 200 feet super.
English Glass, cut to buyers' sizes, at lowest prices, delivered

free and sound in the country, in quantity.
" HORTICULTURAL PUTTY." Own Special Manufacture.

GEORGE FARMILOE & SONS,

Lead. Glass. Oil. and Colour Merchants,
34, St. John Street, West Smithfield, London, E.C.

Stock Lists and Prices on application. Please quote Chronicle.

Telescopic Ladders.

Telescopic Steps,
"^y*^— i Telescopic Trestles.

j Convertible Ladder Steps.

Universal Step Ladders.

Turnover Step Ladders.

Folding Pole Ladders.

-5^55 Lattice Steps, very light.

- Umpire's Step Chairs.

Great variety of designs
■s and sizes. S.zes 5ft. to 60ft.
Order direct, carriage paid.
Price Lists free.

HEATHMAN & CO.,

2, ENDELL STREET ; and
11, HIGH STREET,

LONDON, W.C.

GLASS.-CHEAP CLASS.

8S. 6d. per 100 feet 15 oz. 12x10, 18x12, 18X14,24X14,
14 X 12, 20 X 12, 18 X 16, 24 X 16.
12S. per 100 feet 21 oz. ... 16x12, 16x14, 20X16, 24x18, &c.

All kinds of PAINTS at very low prices.
FLOORING at 7s. :id. per square ; MATCHING at 5s. 9d. ;
3x9at2*</. perfootruu; 2x4atjrf ; MOULDINGS, IRON-
MONGERY, Sec. Catalogues on application to

THE CHEAP WOOD COMPANY, 72, Bishopsgate Street
Within, London, E.C,

4-in. Expansion Joint Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4s. 3d. each ;

4-in. Socket Hot- water Pipes. 9 feet long, 4s. 6d. each.

Illustrated revised Price List on application, free.

BECKETT BROS.,

CHELMSFORD.

Price Lists. Plans, and Estimates Free.

LONDON

OFFICES

/39*vo/4/ C/7/V/VOA/ $r LO/VDO/V.E.C.

HEAP FRAM E S.

PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES.

The above are without exception the most useful kind of
frame for plant growing, and every one with a garden shoulc
possess one. The sashes turn right over one on to the other,
and the boxes are put together with wedges, and can be taker,
apart in a few minutes. Sizes and prices, carriage paid to any
station in England, ready glazed and painted :

£ s.

6 feet long, 3 feet wide

' \

2 0

6 feet „ 4 feet „

Packing

2 10

12 feet „ 4 feet „ •

Cases

4 7

6 feet „ 5 feet „

FREE.

3 10

12 feet „ 5 feet ,,

1 J

5 17

Larger sizes at proportionate prices.

R. HALLIDAY & CO.,

Hothouse Builders and Engineers, Royal Horticultural Works,

Mlddleton, Manchester.

London Agent— Mr. H. Skeltox, Seedsman, &c, 2, Hollows;

Eoad, N.

August 3, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

145

CONTRACTORS TO HER MAJESTY'S WAR DEPARTMENT.

THE THAMES BANK IRON COMPANY

(Telegraphic Address -"HOT- WATER, LONDON." Telephone-No. 4,763)
Have now pleasure in bringing to the notice of Horticulturists and Gardeners generally their

NEW PATENT «* 9090, i888> HORIZONTAL TUBULAR BOILER,

Which is, without doubt, the Best All-round Boiler in the Market.

It combines all the ad-
vantages of its class so well
known, and by the improved
method of forming the
joints — viz., with India-
rubber Washers, the Old
and too often ineffect-
ual way of caulkins
the joints is entirely
dispensed with.

It can be erected in a few
hours, and may be relied
upon as a thoroughly sound
and good Hot-water Gene-
rator, It has been care-
fully tested in every possible
way, more especially with
regard to power and dura-
bility, and the result has
been highly satisfactory.

**CTICT1 OF FATENT JOINT

THE LARGEST AND MOST COMPLETE STOCK OF

HOT-WATER BOILERS of EVERY DESCRIPTION

PIPES, CONNECTIONS, VALVES, VENTILATING GEAR, &c.

INSPECTION INVITED. PRICE LIST ON APPLICATION. ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, Is.

UPPER GROUND STREET, BLACKFRIARS, LONDON, S.E.

CROMPTON
& FAWKE8,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS,

CHELMSFORD.

BOOK of Photo-Lithographed
Sketches of Winter Gardens. Ranges
of Hothouses, Vineries, Architectu-
ral Conservatories, &c, of various
Designs and Sizes, recently con-
structed, erected, fitted, and heated
complete by us in different parts of
the country ; with particulars of the
most successful Hotwater Heating
Apparatus of the century.

Post-free on application.

JAS. BOYD & SONS, NEFX

Horticultural Builders
and Heating Engineers,

PAISLEY.

HORTICULTURAL
STRUCTURES

of every description,

in either Wood or Iron,

or both combined.

W SEASON'S ARCHANGEL MATS.

First shipment just arrived.— RAFFIA FIBRE. Bright
and prime quality, all plaited. Prices on application.
JAMES T. ANDERSON. 135. Commercial Street. London, P..

RICHARDSON'S

Wooden Chapels,

Shooting Lodges,

Tennis Courts,

Cottages, &c.

Hot - water Apparatus

for warming

Buildings of every

description.

Illustrated Circulars

Post-free,

Complete Catalogue, 3s.

ORCHID BASKETS,
• RAFTS, BOATS, AND CYLINDERS,

AND ALL GARDEN SUNDRIES.

SEND FOR A

PRICE LIST

from the Largest Manufacturer in the Trade,

H. G. SMYTH,

STREET,

HORTICULTURAL

BUILDINGS

xed in any part of the Kingdom with
Hot-water Apparatus complete.

CATALOGUE

GOLDSMITH

DRIRY LANE, W.C.

Best Work
guaranteed, and
at Lowest Prices

NORTH OF ENGLAND

HORTICULTURAL WORKS,"

DARLINGTON

FREE.

w. h. LASCELLES & col

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS,

121, BUNHILL ROW,

LONDON, E.G.

CONSERVATORIES,

GREENHOUSES,
ORCHID HOUSES,

VINERIES,
PEACH HOUSES, &c.

Flans and Estimates Free.

BOULTON & PAUU

HORTICULTURAL "NTm? Tt7 Tr-TI

BUILDERS, INUKWICH..

No. 73.— SPAN-ROOF GARDEN FRAME.

This Frame is strong and very handy to use. Plants grow
very strong and quickly in this form, owing to its ample light
and ventilation. The sides of the Frames are 14 inches high,
the ridge is 2 feet 3 inches. Lights turn quite over. Glazed
with 21-oz. English glass, and painted four times.

Length. Widlh.

1 Light Frame, 4 ft. by b' ft. / £2 17

2 .. 8 .. by 6 „ | <•«*. ! 4

3 » M 12 „ by 6 „

4 » ii 16 „ by 6 „

5 „ „ 20 „ by 6 „

6 „ „ 24 „ by G „

CARRIAGE is paid 10 any station in England and Wales,
to Dublin, Cork, Derry, Glasgow, and Edinburgh, or stations

rash
Prices.

Carriage
and

Packing
FREE.

equivalent.

CATALOGUES POST-FREE.

HORTICULTURAL

A Large Stock r\ T A Q Q

always on Hand. LlL/VOlD.

Special quotations for quantities.

WHITE LEAD, OILS, AND COLOURS

At lowest poisible prices.

NICHOLLS& CLARKE,

6, HICH STREET, SHOREDITCH,

LONDON, E.

146

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 3, 1889.

the gardeners; chronicle

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Street, E.C.

WANTED, a PARTNER, for the LEASE of
a NURSERY", containing about 7000 feet of Glass,
TO BE SOLD, situate at 16, Maida Vale, N.W. Good Dwelling
House, Stable, and Cottage.— Apply to C. FAIRNINGTON.

WANTED, a HEAD WORKING GAR-
DENER. Under Gardener kept. Must have long
character. Age between 30 and 40. Wife must be a good
Laundress, and take part of Family's Washing. No encum-
brances. Wages £1 a week and cottage.— Colonel TOWNS-
HEND, Eddington House, Hungerford. _

WANTED, a GARDENER and WIPE with-
out encumbrance, to live on the Premises. Must
have unexceptional character, and Wife as a Caretaker. Must
be clean and industrious. Three rooms in the house. — Apply,
HOUSEKEEPER. Lynnthorpe. Ryde.

WANTED, for the North of England, a
pushing JOBBING GARDENER; also a Y'oung MAN,
for General Nursery Work, principally Planting.— Apply, with
references, and wages wanted, to R. S. A., 41, Wellington
Street, Strand, W.C.

Gardener, Single-handed.

WANTED, a young Man. Must understand
the Culture of Tomatos and Cucumbers, and good
knowledge of Conservatory and Kitchen Garden. Good
character indispensable.— C. R. DIB BEN, Riseholme Road,
Lincoln.

W~~ ANTED, a young Man, as UNDER
GARDENER. Must be industrious and willing to
assist in house. Board and lodging found. Must have a good
character. — Write, stating age, past experience, and wages re-
quired, to G., Castle Wood, Shooter's Hill, near London.

WANTED, a FIRST-CLASS FOREMAN,
age not under 30. Must have been Foreman in large
Places twice previously.— ALPHA, Romsey Post-office, Hants.

WANTED, a WORKING FOREMAN, in a
Small Nursery in Lancashire. He must have a good
knowledge of Rhododendrons and Azaleas, and General Nurser.-
Stock ; be able to act as Salesman, and see to the Packing and
Despatch of Orders.— Apply in own handwriting, stating wages
expected, and giving references as to character, to W. D.,
Gardeners1 Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

\\T ANTED, IMMEDIATELY, a trustworthy

V Y and experieuded OUTDOOR PROPAGATOR of Roses,
Strawberries, and Fruit Trees, and General Nursery Hand. A
permanent situation for a suitable man. — Apply, with refer-
ences, age, and wage* required, to LAXTON BROS., Bedford.

WANTED, under the Proprietor, in a large
place, a good GROWER and PROPAGATOR. Doing
a large trade in Cut Plants and various Fruits. Married man
preferred.— State particulars and wages, with home, expected,
to Mr. G. CLARK, Flower Salesman, Covent Garden, W.C.

WANTED, a FRUIT TREE GROWER,
for a Large Nursery. Must be active and able to act
as Salesmau, and to Execute Orders with correctness and des-
patch.—Apply, stating full particulars, to FRUIT GROWER,
41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

ANTED, a MAN, used to Growing Plants
for Market ; able to do Budding and Grafting. Good
references. Wages 18s. a week.— WALTER HUME, Exotic
Nursery, Gloucester.

WANTED, a young MANf accustomed to
General Nursery Work. He must be an expert Budder
and Grafter, and able to carry on the work in the manager's
absence. Must be thoroughly steady and trustworthy.— Apply,
stating reference and wages expected, to WILLIAM WATT,
Nurseryman and Seedsman, Cupar, Fife.

WANTED, an active working young MAN,
for Outside, must be experienced in Budding, Graft-
ing, and Growing Roses, Fruit Trees, Shrubs, &<\, and be able
to Execute Orders, and take charge during employer's absence.
Character indispensable.— R. W. PROCTOR, Nurseryman,
Ashgate Road, Chesterfield.

WANTED, a good HAND at Budding Roses.
Permanent situation if competent.— WM. PAUL AND
SON, Paul's Nurseries, Waltham Cross, Herts.

WANTED, an active MAN, in a Market
Nursery, Inside and Out. Preference given to a good
Spade Hand. Permanent si tuation to suitable person. —
TURNER BROS., Garston, Liverpool.

WANTED, a trustworthy business MAN, to
Manage Branch Shop. — Must be well up in Cut Flowers,
especially Wreaths, &c. First-class references required.— B.,
Hurst & Son, Houndsditch, E.

WANTED, an experienced young LADY, of
good address, to conduct business of a Flower Stall at
the Electric Exhibition, Birmingham.— Apply at once, with
references, to VERTEGANS, NORMAND and CO., Edgbaston,
Birmingham.

AcarsT 3, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

147

GARDENING APPOINTMENTS.

Mr. Wright, lately Head Gardener atBeaulieu,
South Norwood Hill, S.E., has been appointed
Head Gardener to James Bucknail, Esq.,
Langley Court, Beckenham.

Mr. Hughes, late Foreman at Linton Park,
Maidstone, has been engaged as Head Gardener
to Mrs. Longsdon, Beaulieu, South Norwood.
(Through Messrs. J. Laing & Sons, Forest Hill,
S.E.)

Mr. E. H. Caterer, for the past three years
Foreman at Cassiobury Park, Watford, has been
appointed Gardener to Baron H. de Worms,
Syndale Park, Faversbam, Kent.

Mr. Vaustone, late Foreman, and for ten
years in the gardens at Easthampstead Park, has
been appointed Gardener to — Pike, Esq., Fern-
wood, Sydenham Hill, London.

WANT PLACES.

Letters addressed " Poste Restante" to initials or to fictitious
names are not forwarded, but are at once returned to ths
writers.

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Remittances in Payment of Repeat Advertisements are
received without name, address, or anything beyond the
postmark on envelope by which to identify the sender ; this
in all cases causes a very great deal of trouble, and fre-
quently the sender cannot be identified at all.

Advertisers are requested when Remitting to give their
Names and Addresses, and also a Referetice to the Adver-
tisements which they wish repeated.

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Others. — It is very important in remitting by Postal Order
that it shoitld be filled in payable at No. 42, DRVRY
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particular office, and to a particular person, it is impossible
to prevent any person into ichose hands it may fall from
negotiating it,

N.B. — The best and safest means of Remitting is by
POST-OFFICE MONEY ORDER.

Head Gardeners.

JOHN LAING and SONS can at present
recommend with every confidence several energetic and
practical MEN of tested ability and first-rate character. Ladies
and Gentlemen in want of GAliDENERS and BAILIFFS, and
HEAD GARDENERS for first-rate Establishments or Single-
handed Situations, can be suited and have full particulars by
applving at Stanstead Park and Rutland Park Nurseries,
Fore'st Hill, London, S.E.

Gardeners, Farm-Bailiffs, Foresters. &c.

DI C K S O N S, Royal Nurseries, Chester,
(Liynited), are always in a position to RECOM-
MEND MEN of the highest respectability, and thoroughly
practical at their business. All particulars on application.
Telegraphic and Postal Address—" DICKSONS, CHESTER."

RICHARD SMITH and CO.
beg to announce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and that they
will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulara,
&c. — St. John's Nurseries, Worcester.

GARDENER (Head).— Well versed in the
Culture of choice Fruits, Flowers, and Vegetables. Six-
teen vears' experience in good Gardens. Highest references. —
H. LOUTH, 25, Ospringe Road, Faversham.

GARDENER (Head) ; married. — John
Robertson, late Gardener to Earl of Rosslin, is in
search of a situation as above. Known and can be recom-
mended by R. Gilbert, Burghley, Stamford.

GARDENER (Head). — Seeks re-engagement.
Very steady, industrious, and thoroughly competent.
First-clas3 testimonials. — For particulars, apply, T. LEWIS,
Gwydir Cottage, Arthog, Dolgelly.

GARDENER (Head).— No' children ; great
practical experience as a Fruit, Flower, and Vegetable
Grower. Understands Land and Stock. Highest testimonials
as to character and ability. — ARMSTRONG, 21, Charlton
Road, Harlesden, N.W.

GARDENER (Head).— R. Gray, twelve years
Head Gardener at Chevening Park, seeks re-engage-
ment. Successful in all branches -, Fruit and Flower Forcing,
Kitchen Gardens, Sec. Specialty in Grapes and Roses. Highest
character. — Hazel Cottage, Halstead, Sevenoaks.

GARDENER (Head); age 36, married.—
■T. Vert, Audley End Gardens. Saffron Walden, will be
pleased to recommend any Lady or Gentleman requiring the
servi.v- of a first-class Gardener; well up in the Cultivation of
Orchid*, Stove and Greenhouse Plants ; also Fruits in general.
— Apply as above.

GARDENER (HeaiT WoRKiNG)^-~Ag7l9,
married ; good experience in Forcing all kinds of Fruit,
Stove and Greenhouse Plants; also Flower and Kitchen
Gardening. Five years' good character from present employer.
— JNO. CLARKE, Thornes House Gardens, Wakefield.

GARDENER (Head Working). — Age 33,
two children ; highest references for abilities in the pro-
fession. Eighteen years' experience. Thoroughly trustworthy,
honest, and sober. Eight years as Head. — CUBA, Mrs.
Chesson's Paper Office, Enfield, Middlesex.

GARDENER (Head).— Viscountess Bae-
RINQTON strongly recommends her late Head Gardener,
who lived in her service for 11 years at Beckett Park; has
now been living two and a half years with the present Viscount.
Well up in branches of the profession.— For character and
abilities, apply to the VISCOUNTESS BARRINGTON, 39,
Devonshire Place, London, W. ; and VISCOUNT BARRING-
TON, 212, Piccadilly, London, W.

r^ARDENER (Head Working). — Age 27,

VJ married when suited ; fourteen years' experience.
Thorough practical knowledge of Vines, Peaches. Melons,
Cucumbers, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Flower and Kitchen
Garden. Good references as to ability and character.—
C. SNOW, The Gardens, Red Rice, Andover, Hants.

GARDENER (Head Working) ; married.—
I am anxious to thoroughly recommend my present
Head Gardener. He is steady, hardworking, trustworthy, and
an excellent Gardener. Understands Stove and Greenhouse
Plants, and Orchids well. Out of London preferred. At liberty
at any time.— T. M. SHUTTLEWORTH, 6, Hall Road, N.W.

GARDENER (Head Working), where one
or more are kept ; married, one daughter (age 14).— A
Gentleman can thoroughly recommend a man as above. Ex-
perienced in Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Vines, &c. ; also
Land and Stock if required. — G. C, Church Terrace, Dead-
worth, Windsor.

GARDENER (Head Working or good
Single-handed).— Age 29, married when suited ; expe-
rienced in all branches. Six years' Second in good places.
Churchman and chorister.—.!. TAYLOR, 22, Wellfield Road,
Streatham.

GARDENER (Head, where one or two others
are kept, or would take a good Single-handed place).
— Age 36, married, two children (youngest aged 7); good
practical experience ; over five years' excellent character
from last situation ; four and a half years' previous. — J. B.,
14, Station Road, Preston, Brighton.

r^ARDENER (Head), or FOREMAN.—

K-M Age 27 ; twelve years' experience. Excellent refer-
ences.—C. LINK, Everingham Park, York.

GARDENER, under Glass ; age 18.— A Gen-
tleman wishes to recommend a strong, active, and
willing Youth. Bothy preferred. — H. E. GREEN, Esq.,
Hazelwood Park, Horsted Keynes. Sussex.

GARDENER. — Age 19; two years' experience
in Rare Hardy Herbaceous and Alpine Plants. Private
place preferred. Good character.— G. ROBERTS, Paul & Sons'
Nurseries, Broxboume, Herts.

Z'"}. ARDENER (Working).— Age 42, married,

VJ one child ; understands Flowers and Kitchen Garden,
Vines. Cucumbers, &c. Seven years' good personal character.
— T. H., 1, Queen's Road, Stonebridge Park, Willesden.

ARDENER (Single-handed, or with

help).— Age 26, married ; thoroughly understands Glass,
Fruit, Flower and Kitchen Garden.— J. KEMP, Junction Road,
Warley, Brentwood, Essex.

GARDENER (Single-handed, or other-
wise).— Age[29, ^married, one child; total abstainer.
Understands Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Vines, Flower and
Kitchen Garden. Wife could be useful. Good references.—
K. W., 104, Highgate Road, Kentish Town, N.W.

GARDENER (good Single-handed, or
where help is given). — No encumbrance ; thorough all-
round man. Wife can do Plain Laundry if required. Five
years' previous and two years' present character. —
GARDENER, Langton Lodge. Hendon.

GARDENER (Single-handed, or good
Second). — Age 28, single; fourteen years' experience.
Good references.— G. M., Bitton. near Bristol, Gloucestershire.

f^_ ARDENER (Single-handed, or good

VJ Second). — Age 26, single ; twelve years' experience
Inside and Out. Excellent references.— F. SARGENT, 10,
Brightfield Road, Lee, Kent, S.E.

GARDENER (Second).— Age 24; nine years'
experience. Inside and' Out. Good character. — W.
OLDER. 6, Half Moon Lane, Dulwich, S.E.

GARDENER (Second) ; age 24.— J. Timson,
Head Gardener to Sir George Curtis Lampson, Bart.,
highly recommends a strong, active young man, as above.
Thorough knowledge of Plant and Fruit Growing. Ten years'
experience in large establishments.— OAKFLELD, Poynders
Road, Clapham Park, S.W.

GARDENER (Second), In and Outside, or
JOURNEYMAN in the Houses.— Age 24 ; nine years'
experience. Eighteen months' good character from present
situation.— H. RCSS, 11, Braekenbury Road, East Finchley, N.

f\ ARDENER (Under).— Age 17 ; four and a

vT half years' experience in Florists. Good reference. —
H. F., 40, Bellamy Street, Balham, S.W.

GARDENER (Under), where three or four
are kept, Inside and Out. — Age 24; good reference —
W. STROUDE, Eastbury Manor, Guildford.

GARDENER (Under), in Private Establish-
ment. Outside and In.— Age 24 ; has had twelve months
in Houses. — J. CUMMLNG, Bishopsteignton, Teignmouth,
Devon.

rs ARDENER (Under). — Age 21 ; under-

V_T stands Lawu and Kitchen Garden, and a slight know-
ledge of Nursery and Inside Work. Gentleman's Garden pre-
ferred. Good character. — A. K., 28, Blagrove Road, West-
bourne Park, W.

FOREMAN, in the Houses.— Age 24;

J- ten years* experience in good places ; last two years &s
Foreman. Thorough knowledge of Plant and Fiuit Culture.
Good testimonials as to personal character and abilities.
— H. BAZELEY, Pinkney's Green, Maidenhead.

lyURSERY MANAGER, or FOREMAN.—

-LI Age 48.— G. PEARSON, 3, Purbeck Terrace, Bourne-
mouth.

■MURSERY FOREMAN, PROPAGATOR, or

-L" SALESMAN.— Age 38; thoroughly experienced. Inside
or Out. First class references.— C. WILLIAMS, 139, Hand-
croft Road, Croydon.

Q.ENERAL FOREMAN, or MANAGER.—

VJ Age 38; efficient Propagator and Salesman. Good
references.— A. B., 11, Ion Road, Thornton Heath, Surrey.

PROPAGATOR (General), or PROPA-

JL GATOR and FOREMAN.— Middle-aged ; first-class at
Ericas and all Hard-wood Plants. First-class references.— R.W. ,
7, Cromwell Terrace, Danbrook Road, South Streatham, S.W.

PROPAGATOR.— Age 25; ten years' prao-

■*- tical experience in Roses. Rhododendrons, Coniferae,
Clematis, Soft-wooded Stuff, &c.- G. WATERS, Coombe
Wood Nursery, Kingston Hill, Surrey.

JOURNEYMAN.— Age 22; six years' expe-
nence in Growing Plants and Cut Flowers. General
knowledge Inside and Out. Highest character for energy and
ability.— C. TATHAM, Parley Abbey, Derby.

JOURNEYMAN.— Age 22; five and a half

fJ years in the Houses. Four years at Lockerby Hall,
Romsey ; one year and a half in present situation. Highly
recommended.— J. HAYES, Creech Grange, Wareham.

JOURNEYMAN, or Second of three.—

fJ Age 19; two years' excellent character. Abstainer.—
G. BEECHEY, 52, Clarence Gardens, Regents Park, N.W.

TMPROVER, Indoors or Out.— Age 19; four

■L years' experience. Good character. — C. AKERMAN,
Woodbine Cottage, Fifth Cross Roads, Twickenham.

JMPROVER; age 18.— H. AVingrove, Gar-

X deuer, Rousham, Steeple Aston, can recommend a Lad as
above. Indoors. Two and a half years' experience. Bothy
preferred.

IMPROVER, under Glass, in a Gentleman's
Garden or a Market Nursery.— Age 22 ; abstainer. Wages
moderate.— C. B., 1, Laburnam Cottages, Pinner Road, Sud-
bury, Middlesex.

TMPROVER, in a Nobleman's or Gentleman's
A establishment.— Age 17; premium given. Three and a
half years' experience, and good character. Abstainer.—
GEORGE CAVE, 13, St. Leonard's Av., Windsor, Berks.

TMPROVER.— A young Man (age 21) wishes
J- for a situation in the Garden, where he can obtain a
general knowledge in Houses. Bothy preferred. Two years'
good character from present employer.— W. CLARK, Petteridge
Place, Brenchley.

TO MARKET GROWERS.— Advertiser can
confidently recommend a man (age 24). Well up in
Growing for Market, Cut Flowers, Grapes, Tomatos, &c—
G. H., Vineries, Mill Road, West Worthing.

rTO NURSERYMEN and GENTLEMEN.—

-L Wanted, a situation in a Nursery or Private Place.
Five years' experience ; good character. Age 20.— H.JORDAN,
New Road, Ham, Surrey.

T~ 6~NURSERYMEN.— Advertiser will under-
take the Designing and Carrying-out Works in connec-
tion with Parks, Pleasure-grounds, &c. — MAY, Victoria
Terrace, Walton- on- Thames.

FLORAL ARTIST and DECORATOR, First-
class. — Age 25 ; will be disengaged in autumn. Distance
no object. Undeniable testimonials. Well-known in the
trade.— C, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

To Seedsmen, Florists and Nurserymen.

MANAGER, or SHOPMAN. — Married;
leading London House experience. Steady, trust-
worthy, and obliging.— A. B., 47, Roxwell Road, Shepherds
Bush, W.

SHOPMAN, or MANAGER. — Age 30;
thorough knowledge of Seed, Bulb, Plant, and Flower
Trade. Good references.— WM. HARRIS, Hammerwood, East
Grinstead, Sussex.

WANTED, by an experienced young LADY,
engagement in good class Florist's Business. Good
references. — A. B., 9, Kynastou Road, Stoke Newington, N.

A LADY' desires a situation at the Seaside, in
a Florist's Shop. Good West End experience and
references.— N. B., 99, Sydney Street, Chelsea, S.W.

HOLLO WAY'S PILLS. — Any dyspeptic
sufferer aware of the purifying, regulating, and gently
aperient powers of these Pills, should permit no one to cloud
his judgment or to warp his course. With a box of Holloway's
Pills, and attention to its accompanying " Directions," he may
feel thoroughly satisfied that he can safely and effectually re-
lease himself from his miseries without impairing his appetite
or weakening his digestion. This most excellent medicine acts
as a nervine and bodily tonic by aiding nutrition, and banishes
a thousand annoying forms of nervous complaints. An oc-
casional resort to Holloway's remedy will prove highly salutary
to all persons, whether well or ill, whose digestion is low or
imperfect, a condition usually evidenced by weariness, languor,
listlessness, and despondency.

148

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 3, 1889.

Send for ILLUSTRATED LIST of

JOHN BLAKE'S

PATENT SELF-ACTING HYDRADLIC RAMS,

For Raising* Water for the Supply of Towns, Villages, Irrigation, Railway Stations, Mansions, Fountains, Farms, &c.

No Cost for Motive Power, which is obtained from the Stream of Water passing through the Ham.

NO OILING OR PACKING REQUIRED.

MADE IN SIZES TO RAISE FROM 300 to 500,000 GALLONS PER DAY. WILL FORCE TO A HEIGHT OF 1500 Feet.

SPECIAL RAMS for HIGH FALLS to send up to One-Third of the Water passing through them.

Fig. A.

Ram raises a portion of the same
water that works it.

This view represen's Fig. A Ram forcing up a part of the
same water that works it, which is supplied from a
spring. Speciil Rams of A make can be supplied to
furce to a height of 800 feet.

Fig. B.

This Ram, whilst worked by a stream of impure

water, will pump clean water from

a well or spring.

TESTIMONIALS FOR JOHN BLAKE'S PATENT SELF-ACTING HYDRAULIC RAMS:

From C. PAGE WOOD, E<q., Wakes Hall, Wakes Colne, Essex, January llth, 1889.

*'Snt, — In reply to your inquiry, the Hydraulic Rim you put down for me in 1881 has cost me only sixpence in repairs (for a new stud my blacksmith made); the second Ram you put
down to supplyau off-hand farm, has been running three years, and has cost not a penny for repairs; the third and largest Bam put down two months ago, which is for the supply of water
to my neighbours, is running satisfactorily.

" All three Rams throw up more water than you guaranteed. From inquiries I have made from friends who have Rams of other makers, I am convinced of the superiority of yours, and roy
thirl order is a prouf of my good opinion. My abundaut water supply is the greatest possible comfort to me. " Yours faithfully,

" C. PAGE WOOD."

From MATTHIAS SMITH, Esq., Hill Top Hall, Pannal, nexr Leeds, January 14, 1889.

" Dkar Sir. — I have great pleasure in bearing testimony to the marvellous efficiency of the Ram you fixed here in January, 1883. It is worked by spring water of irregular volume, the dry-
weather flow being 6 pints p^r minute, with which quantity you promised to work the Ram, forcing through 330 yards of delivery pipe to an elevation of fully 144 feet, bat out of 5j pints per
minute. I6j galious per day are sent up ; and out of 2 gallons per minute now flowing through the Ram, 54 > gallons per day are delivered at the same height.

••Considering the extremely small quantity of driving water, I certainly did not expect so grand a result. With every wish that you may get the reward you deserve, — I am, dear Sir,
yours faithfully, ■• MATTHIAS SMITH."

From Mr. THOMAS VARLEY, Agent to the Trustees of the late William Rouniell, Esq., Gledstone Estate, West Marton, Skipton, August 11, 1887.

" Dear Sir,— The Patent Hydraulic Ram you fixed five years ago on this estate is still working as well as it did on the day it started. It is driven bv spring water carried along the hillside
in 950 yards of iron pipe, and forces up an abundant supply ti an underground tank on the hill at a distance of two miles from, and at an elevation of 280 feet above the Ram. The water is
then gravitated through several pipes and branches, having a total length of about four miles, for the supply of the mansion, gardens, stabler estate workshop, and steam boiler, the village of
West Marton, and several farms. There are five fire-plugs inside the mansion, and seven outside; and as the underground reservoir is 70 feet above the mansiou, seven jets of water can be thrown
over the house in c\se of fire. As there is still a considerable overflow from the uodergroand reservoir running to waste, I intend to form a second reservoir at a lower level, and utilize the water
for other farm*. I h tve mu;h pleasure in being able to report as above."

VILLAGE WATER SUPPLY.

From J. B. McCALLUM, E*q., C.E.y Borough and Water Engineer, Blackburn, Nov. \, 1886. Guile {Borough of Blackburn) Water Supply.

" Dear Sir,— Following is the short report I promised to send as to the work performed by the Hydraulic Rims— supplied by you to the Blackburn Corporation — after they had been in
operation sufficient time to take proper observations.

*' The district of Guide — population about 500— in the Borough of Blackburn, is situate 1 above the highest reservoir of the Blackburn Waterworks, and had no regular water supply until last
July, when the Water Committee caused two of your Patent Hydraulic Rams to be put down and worked by water from a reservoir having a varying but maximum head of 34 feet 3 inches on the
rams — the waste (clean) water gravitating to a lower adjacent reservoir.

" You contracted to supply rams which would force 8000 gallons per day each through 1295 yards of delivery pipe to a service tank 170 feet above the rams, and I am bound to state that the
result has considerably exceeded my expectations, as the rams are capable of pumping and have pumped much more water than jou promised. The percentage of efficiency exceeds all I expected,
an 1 is, in my opinion, much more than is usually obtained from hydraulic rams.

" From a test 1 made ou September 29, I found that two rams with \ inch and § inch strokes respectively, supplied with 194,031 gallons per day, together pumped 26.090 gallons per day to
a height of 170 feet, giving 71*43 per cent, of efficiency, and one ram working at 3 inch stroke, and with only 16 feet of working fall supplied with 154,587 gallons per day pumped 10,587 gallons
per day to the same height, showing 7275 per cent, of efficiency.

" At a subsequent rest on October 11, one ram at jj inch stroke, and having 31 feet 9 inches of working fall supplied with 121,083 gallons per day. pumped 17,583 gallons per day to an elevation
of 17 1 j feet, the efficiency in this case being 79"57 per cent.

" lu arriving at these results, the greatest care was taken to positively measure the water, besides havin* a m jter-check on feed and delivery-pipes.

" The work carried out by you at Blackburn is substantial and satisfactory in every way, and if any engineer wishes to make his own observations he is at liberty to come here and do so."

From WM. DICKINSON, Esq., Agent to the Most Honourable the Marquess of Abergavenny, K.G., Eridge Estate Office, Hargate Lodge, Tunbridge

Wells, July 3, 1885.

"Sir.— I am instructed by the Marquess of Abergavenny to say that the Patent Hydraulic Ram, with over two miles of pipes, forcing water to a height of 23J feet, which you erectel at
Eridge Castle about nine months ago, has given his lordship entire satisfaction, aud he has every confidence in its continuing to do so. — I am. Sir, yours faithfully, *' William Dickinson. "

From J. A. RUTHERFORD, Agent to C. F. H. Bolckoic, Esq., Estate Office, Marton Hall, Middlesbrough, September 26, 1883.

" Dear Sir, — I am glad to siy that the Rims you put down on the Hambleton Estate for Mr. C. F. H. Bolckow are working very well. You undertook, with 16 gallons per minute, to send
up 1500 gallons a day, aud with euough water to work the Rams at full power, 2000 gallons a day. With a supply of llj gallons per minute they are lifting 2200 gallons, and when working full
power 3105 gallons per day are sent up to a height o. nearly 400 feet. They made a clear start, and have gone well since." (The delivery pipe in the above case is 9000 feet in length.)

JOHN BLAKE, HYDRAULIC RAM WORKS, ACCRINCTON, LANCASHIRE, ENCLAND.

Editorial Communications should be addressed to " The Editor;" Advertisements and Business Letters to " The Publisher," at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, Loudon, W.C.
Printed by William Richards, at the Office of Messrs. Bradbury, Agnew, & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City of London, in the County of Middlesex, and published by the
sai 1 Willi im Richards at the Olri ^e, 41, Wellington Street. Parish of St. Paul's Covent Garden in the said County.— Saturday, August 3, 1889. Agent fo» Manchest r— JOHN Heywood.

Established 1841

No. 137—Vol. VI. {ST™}

SATURDAY, AUGUST 10, 1889.

{Regt. as a Newspaper, f
WITH SUPPLEMENT. \

Price 3d.

SUPPLEMENT. 1 POST-FREE, 3j<2.

CONTENTS.

Abutilon vitifoliunl var.

Orchid notes

165

alba

1S6

Orchids, list of garden ...

155

Berkeley, M. J., the

Paris, notes from

154

late 162

lfiS

Peaches, heavy

166

Book:—

Peas and mildew

167

Darwinism : an expo-

Plants and Iheir culture

161

sition

164

Potato crops, reports on

Calceolaria and Pansy

the

156

disease

168

,, disease, the

166

Carnation Paul Engle-

Railway rates

162

heart

1«7

Rose Rubens

162

Caterpillar plague, the...

166

Societies —

Clissold Park

165

Carnation and Picotee

Colour in plants

159

Union

168

Cypripediums, American

16ft

Frome

164

Fertilisers for plants

16:1

Liverpool

170

Flower garden, the

161

Romsey

161

Fruits under glass

161

Royal Horticultural ...

168

Gardening appointments

174

,, Scottish Arbori-

., in the parks

158

cultural

164

Gladiolus Leichtlini

134

Scottish Horticultural

170

,, nanceianusx

lft4

Southampton

169

Herbaceous border

169

Thame* Ditton

170

Lee, C, & Son's nursery

156

Trentham

170

London trees

16ft

Stachys

164

Masdevallia Ellisianax

1ft4

Vanda Kimbilliana

165

Misuse of Mowers

162

VegetableConfe-ence, the

167

Narcissus juncifoliox

Wheat, varieties of

16,'i

muticus

161

Weather, the

171

ILLUSTR

ATION8.

Abutilon vitifolium var. alba .

157

Clissold Park/views in ..

166

, 167

Narcissus juncifoliox mu

,icus

161

Rose (Tea) Rnbeus. (Supplem

>nt.)

Advertisers are specially requested to note, that,
under no circumstances whatever, can any
particular position be guaranteed for ad-
vertisements occupying less space than an
entire column.

Now ready, In cloth, lis. 6d.

7^HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
Vol. V.. Third Series, JAN. to JUNE. 1869.
W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C.

CRYSTAL PALACE.

FRIDAY and SATURDAY, September 6 and 7.
GREAT FRUrT EXHIBITION, with the NATIONAL
DAHLIA SOCIETY'S GRAND SHOW.
No extra charge.
Schedules and Entry Forms on application to Mr. W. G.
HEAD, Superintendent Gardens Department, Crystal Palace,
S.E. Entries close Saturday, August 31,

CANDY FLORAL and HORTICULTURAL

O SOCIETY (open Show). — The TWENTY - FIRST
ANNUAL EXHIBITION of PLANTS. FLOWERS, FRUIT,
VEGETABLES, POULTRY, DOOS. CAGE BIRDS. &c. will be
heldatSandy, Bedfordshire, on FRIDAY, AugiistSO. PRIZES
upwards of TWO HUNDRED and THIRTY POUNDS— Ten
Stove and Greenhouse Plants in Flower, 1st Pri.e, £12; 2nd,
£s ; 3rd, £1 ; 4th, £;!. Plant vans horsed, free of charge, from
Sandy Station 1o Show Ground, distance only 300 yards.
S;nedules on application.

WILLIAM GREEN. Secretary, Sandy.

Camellias, Azaleas, Rhododendrons, Palms, Orchids,

&c. Plants grown specially for English use.

OVUYLSTEKE, Nurseryman,
• Loochristy, Ghent, Belgium.

Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and may be had,
free on application to
Messrs. R. SILBERRAD and SON, 25, Savage Gardens,
Crutched Friars, London, E.C.

DAFFODILS and NARCISSUS.—
From 50 to 100 per cent, fall in all sorts of Daffodils
and Narcissus. Write for " Hartland's 36 quarto-page Book "
ou the suLijett. It is acknowledged to be the most complete
ex'ant. Price Is. 6d. ; returnable unless considered value.
Certainly as a work of art, it should be in the hands of all
lovers of " old fashioned " flowers.

WM. BAYLOR HARTLAND, Seedsman and Florist, 24,
Patrick Street, Cork.

Dutch Bulbs Direct from the Growers.

ANT. KOOZEN and SON, of Overveen,
Haarlem, beg to state that their CATALOGUE for 1889,
containing details of their immense Collections of New, Rare,
and fine Bulbs and Plants (94 pages in English) is now re.idy,
and will, as usual, be sent post-free, on application to them-
selves or their Agents, Messrs. MERTENS AND CO., 3, Cross
Lane, St. Mary-at-Hill, London, E.C.

LILIES OF THE VALLEY!
English-grown I
The best for early forcing, finest large flowers, and superior
in every respect to German crowns. Price per 1000, 10.0U0. to
100,000 on application.

T. JANNOCH.Lily of the Valley Grower by Special Appoint-
ment to H.R.H. The Prince of Wales, Dersingham, King's
Lynn, Norfolk.

PALMS. — Leading decorative sorts in many
sizes, great quantities, and in finest health.
FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Nurseryman, Richmond, Surrey,
and Flower Market. Covent Garden. W.C.

ROMAN HYACINTHS.— The Subscribers
offer a splendid Shipment of Early Single White Roman
Hyacinths of extra large size.

Speuial select Bulb offer, post-fr^e on applicition.
LITTLE and BALLANTYNE, The Queen's Seedsmen, Carlisle.

Ij^ERNS. — Good strong stuff, in large thumbs,
for Potting-on. Pteris tremula and P. cretica cristata,
12s. per 100 for ca>h. with order.— GOWERS AND EMBEK-
SO*J, Comely Bank Nursery, WHlthamstcw.

CTRA WHERRIES — STRAWBERRIES. -

O A splendid stock of the best and choicest varieties,
iruetoname. Inspection invited. De,s-riptive LIST free.
JOHN LA1SG AND SONS, Forest Hill Nurseries, London. S.E.

STRAWBERRY PLANTS.— All best repre-
sented, true to name, and the plants unique both in
variety aud price. Packed a la Gilbert. Send for CATALOGl'E.
R. GILBERT. HiBh Park, Stamford.

Seeds for Present Sowing.

CABBAGE— Enfield Market, Is. 6(7. per lb. ;
Early Rainham. 2s. per lb. ; Coleman's East Kent, 2s.
per lb. ; Fine Red Pickling. 2s. 6rf. per lb. ONION— White
Lisbon. 56s. per cwt., 8d. per lb.; Fine White Spanish,
2s. %d. per lb. ; Giant Ro -ca, 3s. per lb.

CATALOGUE gratis and post-free.
B. L. COLEMAN, Seed Merchant, Sandwich, Kent.

M~lESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS,
Nurserymen. Sidcup, and 285, 286, 287, 288, Flower
Market, Covent Garden. London. W.C, are open to RECEIVE
CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS in any quantity
for their Commission Department. Boxes aud Labels supplied.
Telegraph Address — " COMMISSION, SIDCUP."

JW. BARNHAM (late of Squelch &
• Barnham) RECEIVES ON COMMISSION, GRAPES,
TOMATOS. and other Choice FRUITS ; also FLOWERS. His
personal attention secu'ing highest Market Prices. Account
Sales daily, and cheques at option. Baskets and labels found.
Long Market, Covent Garden, W.C.

HENRY SQUELCH (late Squelch & Barn-
ham) RECEIVES CONSIGNMENTS of good Black
Grapes, Muscats, Cucumbers, Tomatos, and Beans ; also all
kinds of choice Hothouse Flowers. H. Squelch's trade being
especially for First-class Hothouse Produce, and he having a
connection amongst the best Houses in London and Country, is
able to command highest Market Prices. Account Sales fur-
nished daily, and accounts settled weekly, or as desired.
Emptiesand Labels Supplied. Bankers' and other references.
North Row, Covent Garden Market, W.C.

Surplus Cut Flowers.

HOOPER and OU. (Limited) RECEIVE and
DISPOSE of any quantity of above at best Market
Prices. Boxes, &c, supplitd. — Address, Commission Depart-
ment. HOOPER AND CO. (Limited). Covent Garden, W.C.

PEACHES, FIGS, MELONS, GRAPES,
CUCUMBERS. TOMATOS. &c. Highest Market Prices
guaranteed. Prompt Cash — HEN'KY RIDES, Coveut Garden.

ANTED, WALL MORELLOS.

Mn-t be tine fruit. Packed in single la\ers.
M. WEliBER and CO., Coveut Garden, Loudon, W.C.

Sutton's Forcing Bulbs

For producing Flowers at Christmas. For particulars see

CUTTON'S BULB CATALOGUE,

0 beautifully illustrated with a large number of engravings
and a superb coloured plate of Hyacinths; and containing
accurate descriptions of the choicest Narcissus, with Lists of
the be*t Hyacinths. Tulips, &c. for bedding. Ready (n a few
days, price Brf., post free. Gratis to intending customers.

Sutton's Bulbs Genuine only Direct from
SUTTON and SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen, READING.

Hyacinths. Tulips, Crocus, Lilies, &c.

CG. VAN TUbErtGEN, Jun., Haarlem,
• Holland.— Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and
may be had free on application to

Messrs. R. SILBERRAD and SON, 25, Savage Gardens.
Crutched Friars. London. E.C.

ROMAN HYACINTHS, NARCISSUS,
LILIUMS. TUBEROSES, and many other FRENCH
BULBS, grown and offered by LOUIS BREMOND, fils ,
Ollioules, Fr.mce.

WHOLESALE LIST on application to WILLIAM DEN-
MAN, 7, Catherine Street, Covent Garden, London. W.C.

CAMELLIA ALBA PLENA, fine, 17 feet
high and 12 feet wide, in iron box on turntable.
Well set with buds. A vigorous plant.
C. BUTLER,
Nurseryman, &c, Wellington, Salop.

1 / » VARIETIES of STRAWBERRIES, which

A\J R. Gilbert considers the cream. They include all the
mo<if rn varieties, but the good old Standards are not forgotten.
In pot* for forcing, and ordinary hind layers.

Send for R. G.'s STRAWBERRY LIST, where all are
described and priced, with Hints upon Culture. Warranted
true to name.

R. GILBERT, High Park, Stamford.

CHARLES TURNER'S New and Descriptive
LIST is now ready, and may be had free on application.
The Royal Nurseries, Slough.

Strawberries, from the Garden of England.

GEORGE BUNYARD and CO. can now
offer very fine Runners and Plants in small pots of all
the finest kinds. LIST free.

Old Nurseries, Maidstone.

STRAWBERRIES.— Leading kinds, in 3|-inch
pots, for immediate Planting or Potting on for Forcing.
Send for LIST.

FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Sheen Nurseries, Richmond,
Surrey ; and Flower Market, Covent Garden, W.C.

STRAWBERRY RUNNERS for FRUITING

O NEXT SEASON.— Thury, Paxton, Presinent, and other
favourite varieties. Descriptive LIST, with prices, on appli-
cation. Sample of plants, post-free, 3d.

W. LOVELL A*D SON. Strawberry Planters, Driffield.

T AXTON'S NEW STRAWBERRIES

M.J Must be grown by all.

De-criptive LIST, with prices of "Latest of All" (new,
1*89), "Noble," "A. F. B;irron," "Commander," &c, now
ready. Six First-class Certificates.

THOMAS LAXTON, Seed Grower, Bedford.

ORCHID GROWERS.— SPHAGNUM

MOSS, fresh and clean, 5s. per sack. Sent at once.
GEORGE CARRADICE. Monument Place, Kendal.

rPHOMSON,S IMPROVED VINE and PLANT

J_ MANURE. — This valuable Manure is made only by us.
Every bag and tin has our name on it. To be had of all Nursery
and Seedsmen, and direct from us. 1 cwt. and over carnage
paid. London Agent— Mr. GEORGE, 10, Victoria Road. Putney.
WM. THOMSON and SONS, Clovenfords, Galashiels, N.B.

CH R Y S~A N T H E M U M CULTURE.—
Standen's Manure, admitted by growers to be unrivalled
for this purpose; in tins. Is., -j.t. 6^., fw 6^., and U)s. 6rf. each.
Sold by all Seedsmea,

rro

JL M

150

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 10, 1889.

SALES by AUCTION.

Friday Next.
ODONTOGLOSSUM CIRRHOSUM.

,, HALLI.
ONCIDIUM MACRANTHUM.
CATTLEYA AUREA.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. J. Charlesworth, Heaton, Brad-
ford, to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67
and 68. Cheapside, London, E.C.. on FRIDAY NEXT, August
16, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, an exceedingly fine lot of
imported ORCHIDS, in the finest possible condition, consisting
of Odontoglossum cirrhosum, 0. Halli, Oncidium macranthum,
Cattleyaaurea, C. gigas var., Od. vexillarium, aud Od. luteo-
purpureum sceptrum.

The Sale will also comprise a large quantity of ESTA-
BLISHED ORCHIDS, including 50 lots from a well-known
Collection.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Dutcli Bulbs.— Special Trade Auctions.

First Sale, MONDAY, August 19.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL by AUCTION at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and
68. Cheapside, E.C., on MONDAY, August 19, THURSDAY,
August 22, MONDAY, August 26. and THIFRSDAY, August 29,
extensive consignments of first-class HYACINTHS, TULIPS,
CROCUS, NARCISSUS, and other BULBS from Holland,
especially lotted to suit the Trade and other Large Buyers.

Catalogues will shortly bs ready, and may be obtained on
application.

Thursday Next. (Sale No. 7964.)

SPECL\L SALE of ORCHIDS in Flower and Bud.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUC-
TION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent
Garden, W.C., on THURSDAY NEXT. August 15, at half-past
12 o'Clock precisely, a choice COLLECTION of ORCHIDS in
FLOWER and BUD, including many fine forms and rare species.
On view morning of Salt*, and Catalogues had.

Wednesday, August 21.

DUTCH BULBS.— FIRST TRADE SALE.

MR. J. C. STEVEXS will SELL by AUCTION
at bis Great Rooms, 38, King Street. Covent Garden,
W.C., on WEDNESDAY, August 21, at half-past 12 o'clock
precisely, several hundred lots of choice named HYACINTHS,
TULIPS, CROCUSES. NARCISSUS, SCILLAS. SNOWDROPS,
and other BULBS, from some of the best-known farms in
Holland, and specially lotted to suit the Trade and other Large
Buyers.

On view morning of Sale and Catalogues had.

Tunbridge Wells.

Valuable Collection of upwards of 120 choice ORCHIDS, in-
cluding Deudrobiurns, Phakenopsis Sehilleriana, Maxil-
laria, Cypripedium, Oncidium, Odontoglossum, Cattleyas,
Lx-lia epideudrum, Zygopetilum, Stanhopea, Saccolabium,
Trichopilia, &c. ; well-grown BASANAS, Seaforthia ele-
gans and Other FERNS ; superb EUCHARIS, CROTONS,
COCOS, &c.

MESSRS. BRACKETT and SON having
Sold the residence ** Sorbie," Tunbridge Wells, are in-
structed by R. Hannay, Esq., to SELL bv PUBLIC AUCTION,
on the Premises, on WEDNESDAY, August 14, at 2 P.M., the
above valuable COLLECTION of ORCHIDS and other Plants.

Catalogues of the Auctioneers, 27, High Street, Tunbridge
Wells.

Extensive and desirable Nursery Business for Sale,

at Annan, Dumfriesshire.

THERE IS FOR SALE, by Private Bargain,
as a going concern, • the Old-established NURSERY
BUSINESS, so long and successfully carried on, under the firm
of Messrs. John Palmer & Son, by the late William Palmer,
Nurseryman, Annan.

The Nurseries extend to 51 acres or thereby, 8 acres being
held on lease from Mrs. Clarke of Galabanks, which expires at
Candlemas, 189J, and 46 acres belonging to the trustees of the
late Mr. Palmer, with whom arrangements could be made for
a Lease on very moderate terms.

The Nurseries are in the highest state of cultivation, and
the Stock is exceptionally healthy and good. It consists of
seedling and transplanted Forest Trees ; seedling and beddiog
Shrubs of all sorts; and a hue collection of good growing
Conifera* ; with ornamental Trees, and Roses of the finest and
most varied sorts. There is also a tine aud varied stock of Fruit
and other Trees, all iu excellent growth and in great demand.
In connection with the Nurseries, there are Sheds and Grounds
set apart and completely fitted up, for propagating and other
purposes.

The Nurseries are situated close to the Station of Annan, on
the main line of the Glasgow and South- Western Railway ;
and also near to the Station, on the line of the Caledonian
Railway Company.

This excellent situat ion affords a v ry ready and advantageous
outlet to all the English aud Scotch Markets, and is one of the
great advantages wiiich these Nurseries possess. There is also
a couvenient outlet into Cumberland aud the West Coast, by
the Sol way Junction Railway.

Application for any further particulars may be made to
Messrs. BROWN and LITTLE, British Linen Company Bank,
Annan, who will arrange for inspection of the Nurseries.

NURSERY (Birmingham), Six large Green-
houses, at low rent, or would SELL the HOUSES
together or separately.

Apply, 22, Great Charles Street, Birmingham.

Channel Islands.

TO LET, Hightield, St. Saviour's, Jersey,
delightful RESIDENCE, with 15 Green and Hot Houses,
in full bearing.

Particulars, Mrs. BRAYN, on Premises.

FOR SALE, privately, VINERIES, IIOT-
HOUSES, and GARDENS, within 30 miles of Glasgow,
5 minutes' from Railway Station, wholly enclosed by stone
walls. There are 6 Houses, embracing about 12,000 feet of
Glass, producing or an average 2 tons of Grapes, 1 ton
of Tomatos. One acre of Ground under Strawberries. There
is also capital Dwelling-house, Coach-house and Stables within
the grounds.

The Glasgow Market and Hotels afford ready outlet for
whole produce, and the Purchaser would have the benefit of
the valuable business connection which has been formed.

To a Gardener with little means this affords a splendid
opportunity for acquiring a going business.

For further particulars apply to Messrs. PROTHEROE and
MORRIS, 07 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C. ; or to GORDON
SMITH and PARKER, Solicitors, 205, Hope Street, Glasgow,
who will give Cards of Admission to see the Properties.

TO BE LET, 1 to 10 acres of GRASS LAND,
suitable for Nurserymen and others, on Lease for
7, 14, or 21 years. Rent £12 per acre, with the option of
Purchase of the Freehold within the first 7 years. No tithe or
land tax. Near the main road, Enfield Highway; about
9 miles from London.

Apply, H. MOORE, 59, Bishopsgate Street Within. E.C.

To Market Gardeners.

TO BE LET, about 2^ Acres of good
NURSERY GARDEN, with Greenhouses and Out-
buildings, and House andNurseryman'sShop. In good position
in large town in Kent.— Apply, Mr. J. W. RE1D, Solicitor, S3,
Great George Street, Westminster, S.W.

To Nurserymen, &c.

TO BE LET, splendid corner PREMISES,
at Streatham Hill, j acre of Ground. Good opening for
high-class Florist and Fruiterer combined, with capital Resi-
dence for proprietor. Rent £200 per annum.

Apply, W. SIMMONDS, 58, Camberwell Road, S.E.

TO LET, with immediate possession, a
NURSERY, 8 Glass Houses, 3 acres of Land, and
Dwelling House. Rent, £40.— THURSBY, Sudbury, Suffolk.

LANDSCAPE GARDENING. — Designs
Prepared aud Work Superintended in any part of the
country. For terms, apply to
THOMAS H. MAVVSON, Landscape Gardener, Wiudermere.

Borough of Halifax.

THE PARK COMMITTEE of the HALI-
FAX CORPORATION are prepared to RECEIVE TEN-
DERS tor the SUPPLY of 500 HORSE CHESTNUT TREES not
less than 12 feet in height, to be delivered at Savile Park
during the mouth of November next. Tenders, endorsed
" Tender for Trees," to be sent to the und-rsigned before 17th
of August, 1889.

By order, KEIGHLEY WALTON, Town Clerk.
Town Hall, Halifax, July 24, 1889.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

(JOHN COWAN), Limited,

Make SPECIALTIES of the following:—

ORCHIDS, of which they have an immense stock, and they are
constantly receiving fresh importations from various parts
of the world.

ORCHID BASKETS, made of the best Teak and Copper Wire.

COWAN'S PATENT ORCHID POTTERY, which should be
used for all Orchids.

ORCHID PEAT Of best quality. Sphagnum MOSS. Best
Wood CHARCOAL.

TEA and Other ROSES in pots. The Company have a
large aud splendid stock, all healthy and vigorous.

FERNS, a large and tine stock of the leading kinds.

GRAPE VINES. The Company's Stock is, as usual, unsur-
passed by auy in the country. Strong Vines raised from
eyes this season, tit for immediate planting.

ROMAN HYACINTHS, 1st size, 5toSJ inches circumference,

17s. Bd. p. 100; 2nd size, 15s. p. 100; 3rd size, 12s. 6rf. p. 100.

The Company offer all the above at the lowest possible

prices. New Illustrated LIST, post-free, on application to

THE VINEYARD AND NURSERIES,
GARSTON, LIVERPOOL.

LILY OF THE VALLEY.
First-class German flowering Crowns.

Any Quantity.

H. D A M M A N N, J u n.,

Ereslau.

The Best Present for a Gardener.
INES and VINE CULTURE.

The most complete and exhaustive Treatise on

Grapes and their Culture ever published.

New Edition.

Price 55., post-free 5s. 6d.

A. F. BARRON, Royal Horticultural Society, Chiswick.

rpO THE TRADE. — ADIANTUM

JL CUNEATUM— a few Hundred good Plants, in 4l-inch
pots, 55s. and 60s. per 100, for cash.— WILLIAM BARRON
and SON, Elvaston Nurseries, Borrowash, Derby.

BULBS — BULBS — BULBS.— The cheapest
offer of first-class Bulbs ever submitted to the Public,
the finest produced in Holland (selected by us on the spot)
being offered at Auction Prices. Many people last year doubted
the possibility of really first-rate Bulbs, true to name, being
offered at the rates we quoted, and only gave us half their
orders in order to compare the blooms with those produced
from bulbs supplied by other firms. Our Bulbs stood the test
in every case, and we have received many Testimonials of a
most flattering character. CATALOGUES now ready.
J. R. PEARSON and SONS, Chilwell Nurseries, Notts.

BARR'S CATALOGUES

Free on application.
List of Autumn-flowering Crocus and Meadow Saffron.
Daffodil Catalogue, Illustrated, contains the only complete
list of these beautiful hardy spring flowers.

Bulb Catalogue of cheap, rare, beautiful hardy bulbs, &c,
for all seasons.

Plant Catalogue of hardy, free-flowering, beautiful perennials
for flower borders, and as cut flowers.

Seed CATALOGUE, ready 1st January, 1800.
BARR AND SON. 12, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

SEEDS FOR PRESENT SOWING.
CABBAGE.
BARNES' NORWICH MARKET, the earliest, Is. per ounce,

7s. fid. per pound.
BARNES' GREAT EASTERN, the largest, Is. per ounce,
Is. 6cl. per pound.

ONION.
BARNES' GIANT ROCCA, the mildest, 9rf. per ounce,

6s. per pound.
BARNES' WHITE MAMMOTH, the best white, 6rf. per packet,
Is. 6rf. per ounce, 12s. per pound.
The best quality only. Post-free. Price LISTS Gratis to all

applicants.

T "R Ti A T>"Vri?Q (16 years Managing Assistant

d. Hi. ±>H.L\X\ ShO with Daniels Bros.),

The " Great Eastern " Seed Stores,

9, EXCHANGE STREET. NORWICH.

AMAZONIAN ORCHIDS. — Collections of
1 dozen good-sized flowering plants, established generally
on blocks. Cattleyas superba splendens, El Dorado (in variety),
luteola, Coryanthes, Scuticaria, Galeandras, Paphinias, Epi-
dendrum, Oncidium, Stanhopea eburnea, Rodriguezia,
Schomburgkia, Brassias, Brasavolas, Catasetums, Sobralias,
Gongoras.

Delivered at Liverpool at steamer for £6 per dozen. Freight
and packing free. All orders must contain draft for amount
on Pant Branch of English Bank of Rio de Janeiro (London
Office, 2a, Moorgate Street, E.C), to which Bank reference is
made.

C. E. HERBERT and CO., Parti, Brazil.
Caixa no correio 151.

! > O S E S IN POTS.

XV TEAS and NOISETTES, of the finest varieties for in-
door blooming, good plants, in 5-inch pots, put for preparing
for winter flowers, 15s. per dozen, in 12 varieties if required.
Stronger plants in 6^-inch pots, 24s., 305. per dozen.

Fine H.P. ROSES, established in pots, very tine either to
pot or for forcing next spring, or for planting out in beds now,
185. per dozen, worth 30s.

CLEMATIS, in the finest sorts, all named, 9s. and 155. perdoz.

Fine Hardy CLIMBERS, for Trellises, Arbours, Rockeries;
all good plants, in pots, to plant now, 9s. and 12s. per dozen.

12 Lovely Variegated IVIES, all with beautiful foliage, 12s.

Send for CATALOGUE of all you want for a Garden free for
3 stamps.

WA1. CLIBRAN AND SON, OldfMd Nursery, Altrincham ;
10 and 12, Market Street. Manchester.

W. GORDON, Importer of ORCHIDS.

AN IMMENSE STUCK of recently imported
plants compels a SALE of the ESTABLISHED PLANTS
to make room. They have not yet dowered, but are all flower-
ing plants, and mu=t be sold at a GREAT SACRIFICE. Very
valuable varieties are certainly to be obtained, and great bar-
gains. See Public Journals for high prices recently obtained.
The SPECIAL OFFER affords a PAYING INVESTMENT to
an. one with glass at command, which should not be over-
looked. Such plants may never again be offered to the Public
and Trade. Good Established Plants :—

25 in 25 species and varieties £3 3 0

50 in 50 „ „ , 5-5 0

100 in 100 „ 10 10 0

CATALOGUE of the above large stock held on application to

W. GORDON,
The Nurseries, Amyand Park Road, Twickenham, Middlesex.

FOR SALE, a COLLECTION of ORCHIDS,
about 86 healthy Established Plants, containing the fol-
lowing kinds : Aerides Lobbi, Calanthe Veitchi, Cymbidium
aloefolium, Cypnpediuni insigne, C. venustum, Dendrobium
densiflorum, D. fimbriatum, D. heterocarpum. D. nobile, D.
Pierardi, D. Wardianum, Epidendrura vitellinum ma jus,
Lycaste Skinneri, Masdevallia tovarensis, Oncidium llexuo-mm,
Stanhopea tigrina; also STOVE PLANTS, consisting of
Acalypha, Anthurium, Asparagus, Begojna.Croton. Curculigo,
Cyperus, Dracaena, Eucharis, Hibiscus, Pancratium, Strelitzia,
&c, and eighteen young PINES. Apply to

G. JUPP, Gardener, Brantridge Park, Baleombe, Sussex.

BMALLER and SONS beg to offer to the
• Trade a very extensive and unusually well grown stock
of ERICAS (hyemalis and other varieties), EPACRIS, SOLA-
NUMS, GENISTAS. CYCLAMEN, BOUVARDIAS, ADIAN-
TUM CUNEATUM, and other Ferns, GARDENIAS, STE-
PHANOTIS, FICUS ELASTICA, CROTONS, GREVILLEAS,
TEA ROSES (in pots), BORONIA MEGASTIGMA, VINES
(iu pot'), &c, An iuspection is invited.

Trade CATALOGUES forwarded on application.
The ANNUAL SALE by AUCTION will be held on
TUESDAY, September 17.

Burnt Ash Lane Nurseries, Lee, S.E.

PRIMULAS and CINERARIAS, Is. 6d. doz.
Herbaceous CALCEOLARIAS, of an extra superb strain,
of our own saving, large flowers, rich and varied colours,
beautiful form, 2s. per dozen ; Seed, Is. Qd., 25. 6d. per packet.
Good Plants ready for potting.

BOUVARDIAS, fine plants, in 2£pots, ready for potting on for
winter flowering, in good and varied sorts, to name, 3s. per doz.

CYCLAMEN, of an extia fine strain, of our own saving, good
plants for potting on, 3s. and 4s. per dozen. The chief merit of
this strain is the vigour of growth, varied colours, and freedom.

GERANIUMS, for winter flowering, strong young plants,
ready to pot now into large pots to establish for blooming in
October and November, finest named kinds, 4s. and 6s. per doz.,
double or single.

CATALOGUE of all you wantfora Garden, free for 3 stamps.

WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham ;
10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.

August 10, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

151

CARTERS'

EARLY BULBS

To produce beautiful White and Coloured Flowers
for Christmas and Easter Decoration.

WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS,

The Largest Bulbs of the Year. Present price —
140s. per 1000, 16s. per 100. 2s. per dozen.

DOUBLE ROMAN NARCISSUS.

Present price-7s. 6d. per 100, Is. per dozen.

PAPER WHITE NARCISSUS.

Present price— 7s. 6d. per 100, Is. per dozen.

VAN THOL TULIPS, Red and Yellow.

Present price— 4s. 6d. per 100, 9d. per dozen.

THE EASTER LILY. The White Easter

Lily. We hold the entire stock of the largest culti-
vator of this lovely Lily. Present price— IB. and 2S.
each, 10S. 6d. and 21S. per dozen.

Detailed Catalogue yratis and post-free.

ALL PARCELS CARRIAGE FREE.

Royal Seedsmen by Sealed Warrants,

237 & 238, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON.

E M S " — " G E M S " — " G E M S "

of Choice Stove Plants.

OXERA PULCHELLA — dense clusters, 8 to 10 inches
across, of pure white, funnel-shaped flowers, about 2 inches
long and 1 inch across. Flowers in winter very lasting,
graceful and beautiful. 5s.

SCHUBERTIA GRANDIELORA— flowers white with de-
lightful, almond-like fragrance, produced in large trusses,
similar to Stephanotis. Excellent for cutting. 2s. Gd. and 3s. Gd.

STEPHANOTIS FLORIBUNDA— the finest variety in cul-
tivation, and freest bloomer, flowering at every joint, and
blooms in a lower temperature than any other variety we
know. Is., Is. Gd., 2s. Gd., 3s. Gd., 5s.; and fine specimens,
21s., 31s. Gd., and 40s. each.

STIGMAPHYLLUM CILIATUM (Golden Vine) — flowers
rich orange, similar to the lovely Orchid Oncidium flexuosum.
Very distinct. 2s. Gd. each.

TOXICOPHXiEA SPECTABILIS (Winter Sweet) — large
dense sprays of white flowers, sweetly perfumed. Beautiful
winter-flowering plant. 2s. Gd. and 3s. Gd. each.

GLONERA JASMINIFLORA— one of the most beautiful
white-flowering plants for either cutting or decoration. Blooms
in the winter or early spring, and worthy of a place in the
most select collection. 2s. Gd. and 3s. Gd.

CATALOGUES of these, and all you want for a Garden free,
by post from

WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham ;
10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.

IMPORTANT TO GENTLEMEN

12 Fine STOVE PLANTS, 12s., 18s.

12 „ GREENHOUSE PLANTS, 9s., 18s.

12 Distinct STOVE and GREENHOUSE FERNS, 9s. or 18s.

12 Fine ORCHIDS, for Cool or Hothouses, 42s., 63s.

An immense stock of Plants on hand, an inspection invited
before buying elsewhere.

WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham ;
10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.

RHUBARB.— 20,000 large Roots, ten years
old, suitable for forcing. £1 per 100, on rail. Cash with
order. J. J. CLARK, West Brighton, Sussex.

ROSES IN POTS;

all the best New and Old English and Foreign
sorts, from 18«. to 86a. per dozen,

Descriptive List free on application,

RICHARD SMITH & CO.,

Nurserymen and Seed Merchants,

WORCESTER.

GENUINE GARDEN REQUISITES,
as supplied to Royal Gardens, &c.
SPECIALITE TOBACCO PAPER, the best andstrongest in
the market, lOd. per lb., 28 lbs. for 21s.

SELECT ORCHID PEAT, 8s. per sack, 5 for 35s.
SOILS and MANURES of finest quality, and GENERAL
SUNDRIES. Price listfree.

W. HERBERT and Co., Hop Exchange Warehouses, South-
wark Street, London, S.E.

TOBACCO PAPER, best quality, Is. per lb. ;
lllb., 13s. Do. CLOTH, Is. per lb. ; 14 lb., 13s. Do.
FIBRE, much stronger, and better than Cloth or Paper, Is. per
lb.; 141b., 13s. 281b. carriage paid to any station. The Trade
supplied.— PEIRCE AND CO., BelvoirRd., St. Andrews, Bristol.

ORCHID PEAT, best quality; BROWN
FIBROUS PEAT for Stove and Greenhouse use. RHO-
DODENDRON and AZALEA PEAT. Samples and Prices to
WALKER and CO.. Farnborough, Hants.

Blight-Blight— Aphis and Blight.

TUCKER'S EUCALYPTUS DISINFECT-
ANT FLUID Destroys these Pests. Is. and 2s. a Bottle.
J. TUCKER and CO., 51. Paddington Street, London, W.

GARDEN
REQUISITES.

Two Prize Medals.

Quality, THE BEST in the Market. (All sacks included.)

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process),

sacks, Is. id. each; 10sacks,12s.6i.; 15sacks,17s.6rf., 20sacks,

20s. ; 25 sacks, 24s. ; 30 sacks, 27s. ; 40 sacks, 35s. ; 50 sacks,

40s.; Truck-load, loose, free on rail, 30s. Limited quantities

of G., special quality, granulated in sacks only, 2s. id. each.

GENUINE ORCHID PEAT, 8s. id. per sack ; 5 sacks, 40s. ;

BEST BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. per sack ; 5 for 22s. id.

BLACK FrBROUS PEAT, 4s. id. per sack ; 5 for 20s.

COARSE SILVER SAND, Is. id. per bushel ; 14s. half ton ;

24s. per ton. Yellow Fibrous Loam. Compost, Leaf and Peat

Mould, Is. per bushel. Tobacco Cloth or Paper, Is. per lb.

Special Manures, Peat-Moss Litter, Crushed Bones, Virgin

Cork, &c, &c. Write for Price List.

Terms strictly Cash with order.
CHUBB, ROUND & CO., West Ferry Road, MillwaU,

London, E. Bankers — Union Bank of London.

Mealy Bug

Mildew

No
Scale

Blight

SAFE, SURE, CHEAP, and RELIABLE

( ,, THE

DEMON

INSECTICIDE.

The surest, safest, most effective, and
economical Insecticide ever invented for
use alike in the Greenhouse, Flower and
Kitchen Gardens.

1 gallon makes 160 gallons of Insecticide.
On Receipt of Sixpence in Stamps

Green Fly i we will post free, to any address, a sample

Nn ( i-pint tin — a practical trial will speak

■RoH didder ( louder than words.
ttea topiaer s Testimonials constantly received.

NO i Prices, delivered free to any address: —

Slugs \ 1 pint. Is. Gd. ; 1 quart, 2s. ; ^-gallon, 3s.

Kn t * gallon, 4s. Gd.— tins free. 4 gallons for

+ t> ; ®s" — ^n *° ^e turned. Larger quan-

Insect Pests titles at reduced rates. Sole proprietors —
°f anV DEIGHTON & CO.,

description. \ Manufacturing Chemists. Bridgnorth.

»«££!!%»*

THE

"PERFECT"

WEED KILLER

Maintains its Superiority over all Rivals

for permanently destroying vegetation on Walks, Carriage
Drives, Ash Tennis Courts, Stonework grown green, <fec.
Used at Kew Gardens, Royal Horticultural Gardens, Ac, <fcc.

COMPLETE SATISFACTION GUARANTEED

to all using Weed Killer bearing our Trade Mark,
without which none is genuine. Refuse Imitations.

Price— Gallon 2/, 5 gaL 1/9, 10 gal. 1/6, 40 gal. 1/4 per gal

SPECIAL QUOTATIONS FOR QUANTITIES.

Carriage paid 5 gals, and upwards. Trial sample pos ' free,

DISTRIBUTOR for
Perfect" Weed Killer.

Holds 40 gallons. Wrought-iroa
frame-work neatly painted. Gal-
vanized tubes with tap to regulate
flow. Gives spray 36 ins. wide.
Price £4 net on rail Glasgow.

Sole Manufacturers: The

HORTICULTURAL & AGRICULTURAL CHEMICAL COY-

, Principal Agents : BLACKLEY, VOUNQ & CO.,
103 HOLM STREET, GLASGOW.

SOLD BY SEEDSMEN AND FLORISTS.

GARDEN REQUISITES.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE.

id. per bushel ; 100 for 25s. ; truck (loose, about 2 tons),

40s. : 4-busnel bags, id. each,

LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. 6rf. per sack ; 5 sacks,

BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. per sack, 6 sacks, 22s. ; sacks,
id. each.

COARSE SILVER SAND, Is. 9d. per bushel ; 18i. per hall
ton : 26s. per ton, in 2-bushel bags, id. each.

YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD, Is. per bushel.

SPHAGNUM MOSS, 8s. id. per sack.

MANURES, GARDEN STICKS, VIRGIN CORK, TOBACCO
CLOTH, RUSSIA MATS, &c. Write for Price LIST.—
H. G SMYTH, F.R.H.S.. 21, Goldsmith's Street, Drury
Lane (lately called 17A, Coal Yard), W.C.

LEMON OIL INSECTICIDE.—
The best of all preparations for easily, cheaply, and
effectually cleaning Plants from Green-fly, Thrip Scale, Bug,
&c. Follow the directions, and you will always use it.

Pint, Is. Gd. ; quart, 2s. Qd. ; £ gallon, 6s. ; 1 gallon, 95. ; 4
gallons, 34s. Ask your seedsman for it, or apply to

WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham;
10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.

PEAT FOR ORCHIDS,

CHOICE PLANTS, FERNS, HEATHS, AZALEAS, &c.
EPPS & CO. are now prepared to offer PEAT, as above,
of first-class quality, at lowest prices. Prices on application.
Dep6t for HORTICULTURAL SUNDRIES, LOAM, SAND,
LEAF-MOULD, SPHAGNUM, COCOA-FIBRE REFUSE,
CHARCOAL, and ARTIFICIAL MANURES.

PEAT MOSS LITTER.
EPPS & CO., Ringwood, Hants.

BONES !— BONES ! !— BONES ! ! !

Crushed Bones in all sizes for Vine Borders, Lawns, Potting,
Grass Lands, &c. Also BONE MEAL for Poultry Feeding,
GARDEN GUANO, DISSOLVED BONES, Special MANURES
and FERTILIZERS for all purposes.

For Prices, apply to

HARRISON, BARBER & CO. (Limited),

GARRETT LANE. WANDSWORTH, SURREY. S.W.

BENTLEY'S
WEED DESTROYER.

Mr. Elwortht, Nettlecombe Court, writes: —
" I have tried two factors, but I find yours much the most de-
structive." For full particuial.s appiy to

J. BENTLEY,
CHEMICAL WORKS. BARROW-ON-HUMBER, HULL.

THE

Normal Fertiliser

For GREENHOUSE or GARDEN.

r«„„ 7 lb. 11 lb. 28 lb. 56 lb. 1 cwt.
r/nce :— 2j_ 3j 6</_ 5j gd 9s 14j_

And in Gd. and Is. packets.

To be had of Seedsmen and Florists, or the NORMAL

MANURE COMPANY, Ltd., 121, Bishopsgate Street Within,

E.C., and Farnham Road, Guildford. Usual Trade Discounts.

Wholesaleof Messrs. HURST ANJ>SON,152,Houudsditch,London

CLIBRANS EUCHARIS MITE KILLER.

Prices :— i pint. Is. id. ; 1 pint, 2s. 6d. ; 1 quart, is. id. ;
J gallon, 7s. 6d. ; 1 gallon, 12s. id.

Ask your seedsman for it, or apply to
WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham;
10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.

BEESON'S MANURE.— The Best and
Cheapest Fertiliser for all purposes. Write for Circular
containing the Leading Gardeners' and Market Growers'
Reports. Sold in Tins, Is., 2s. id., 5s. id., and 10s. id. each,
or 1 cwt. Bag9, sealed, 13s. By all Seedsmen, or apply direct to
W. H. BEESON, Carbrook Bone Mills, Sheffield.

GISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading
Gardeners since 1859 against Red Spider, Mildew,
Thrips, Green Fly, and other Blight. 1 to 2 ounces to the
gallon of soft-water ; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines
and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake against
American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended
to supersede it. Boxe9, Is., 3s., and 10s. id.

GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on
wet ground. Boies, id. and Is., from the Trade.
Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY
(Limited), London.

SAVE YOUR FIRE

and keep a fixed temperature under glass, by using
"FRIGI DOMO," made of prepared hair and
wool : a perfect non-conductor of cold.

PROTECT^ your ^PLANTS)

« r

FRIGI DOMO

IMLGI5TERED " ^ TRADE MAR

For price list &. particulars Addres

DENJAMINFDGINGTON

D 2 Duke S^*iJ London Br/dge \

To Nurserymen, Seed Merchants, and Florists.

J BLACKBURN and SONS are offering Arch-
• angel Mats lower than anyotherhouse in the trade; also
Petersburg Mats, and Mat Bags, Raffia Fibre, Tobacco Paper,
and Shading. Prices free.— 4 and 5, Wormwood Street, S.U.

152

THE GABDENEBS' CUB ONI CLE.

[August 10, 1889.

SUTTON'S

ROMAN HYACINTHS

NOW READY FOR

IMMEDIATE DESPATCH.

UTTON'S BULBS

CENUIME ONLY DIRECT FROM READING.

EARLY WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS,

Double Roman and Paper-white Narcissus.

JAMES VEITCH & SONS

BEG TO ANNOUNCE THEY HATE RECEIVED THEIR USUAL CONSIGNMENTS OF

THE ABOVE VALUABLE BULBS FOR EARLY FORCINC,

And will be pleased to receive Orders for immediate delivery.

ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY, KING'S ROAD, CHELSEA, LONDON, S.W.

palms and foliage. BULBS FOR EARLY FORCING.

SPECIALTIES.

An immense Stock always on hand of the leaning varieties.
In finest possible condition. ARECAS, CHAM-EROi'S, CORY-
PHAS, COCOS, KENTIAS, LATANIAS, SEAFORTH1AS,
PHCENIX, FICUS ELASTICA, ARALIAS. A very large Stock
of extra-sized plants of the above varieties, from 6 to U feet.

WILLIAM ICETON, Putney Park Lane, Putney; and 1J9 Ic
130, Covent Garden Flower Market.

ferns^spIcTalty.

The finest, moat varied, choice, and interesting
Collection in the Trade.
1400 species and varieties of Stove, Greenhouse, & Hardy Ferns.
Partially descriptive CATALOGUE free on application.
Illustrated CATALOGUE (No. 21), containing 120 Illustra-
tions, and much valuable information on the Cultivation of
Ferns, la. Gd. post-free.

W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,

FERN NURSERY.

SALE, MANCHESTER.

B. S. WILLIAMS'

WELL RTJPENED AND HEAVY BULBS OF

ROMAN HYACINTHS,

Early White, from 5 inches to 5j inches in circumference.

PAPER WHITE NARCISSUS,

from 5 inches to 6 inches in circumference.

DOUBLE ROMAN NARCISSUS,

from 5 inches to fi£ inches in circumference.

LI LI U M C A N D I D U M, Pure White,

extra strong. Early Orders solicited.

VICTORIA AND PARADISE NURSERIES, UPPER HOLLOWAY, LONDON, N.

August 10, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

153

WElBS'SEEDS

From Rev. If. J. BULL,

Roborough Rectory.

" Please send me a Is. packet

f Emperor Cabbage Seed. All

vho have seen it in this neigh-

iourhood agree that they do not

*— know its equal."

WEBBS'EMPEROR CABBAGE,

64 and Is. per packet; 13. 6d.

EARLY NONPAREIL CABBAGE...
ENFIKLI) MARKET CABBAGE ...
EARLY RAINHAM CABBAGE ...
RED DUTCH or PICKLING CABBAGE.

ONION. Per packet
WEBBS' RED GLOBE TRIPOLI ... 6(1.
LARGE FLAT RED TRIPOLI ... 6d.

GIANT ROCCA 6d.

WHITE LISBON

Free by Post or Rail.

per oudc

8d. per ounc

Per ounce.

Is 6d.

lud

Is 3d.

8d.

Seed. men by Royal Warrants to H.M. the Queen
and H.R.H. the Prince of Wnlea.

WORDSLEY, STOURBRIDGE.

PRIMULA OBCONICA.

Undoubtedly
one of the
most useful
Priaiulas for
forcing, pot
culture, and
in the oven
ig$ border. The
flowers are of
a soft wnitish-
lilac colour,
very charm-
i d g, and
bloom
throughout
the whole
year.

Pretty
riants, per
dozen, 20s.,
package and
post-free.

Fresh Seeds. 1000 Seeds. 10s. ; 100 Seeds, Is. 6rf.
CATALOGUE Free on npplicatibn.

OSKAR KNOPFF&CO ,

SEED GROWERS,

ERFURT, GERMANY.

ESTABLISHED 1832.

QA AAA CLEMATIS, in PotsTof all the

OU^V/v'v/ fine«t Double and Single Varieties (some
of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of
every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for
climbing and bedding, from 12s. to 24s. per dozen, strong
plants; extra strong plants, repotted into 5^-inch pots, 2s 6rt.
each; Beauty of Worcester, a magnificent purple, excellent
for bedding, recently sent out by us. reduced price 2s. Gd. each.
Descriptive LIST on application.— RICH ARD SMITH AND CO.,
Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester.

TRADE OFFER OF PALMS, ETC.

ARECA LUTES 6s. ad. to 24s. Od. p. do7.

„ BAUERII

„ SANDERII

CORYPHA AUS

CHAMJEROPS E

EUTERPE EDULIS

GEONOMA GRAC

KENTIA BEL

„ FOST

LATANIA BORB

PHCENIX REC

„ RUPICOLA

DRACAENAS, OPHIOPOGON, FIOUS, PANDANUS

VEITCHII.

Prices for larger Plants on application. Inspection invited.

WILLIAM ICETON, Putney Park Lane, Putney, S.W. ;
and "Flower Market. Covent. Garden.

CUTBUSH'S MILL-
TRACK MUSHROOM SPAWN.
— Too well known to Tequire descrip-
tion. Price 6*. per bushel Is. extra
per bushel for package), or 6d. per
cake; free by parcel post, Is.

None genuine unless in sealed pack-
ages and printed cultural directions
enclosed.with our signature attached.

WM. CUTBUSH axb SON,
Nurserymen and Seed Merchants,
Highgate Nurseries, N.

30 0

, 60

0 ,,

21 0

, 60

0 „

18 0

, 30

0 „

24 0

, 15

0 each

6 0

. 24

0 ,,

SI 0

, 60

0 ,,

9 0

, 60

0 „

9 0

, 60

0 „

6 0

, 60

0 „

6 0

, 60

0 „

12 0

. 60

0 „

15 0

14
10

SEEDLING PLANTS OF

CHOICE FLORISTS' FLOWERS, &c

WE HAVE MUCH PLEASURE
in offering the following from our superb strains.
all in healthy young Plants, Post or Carriage Free at
pri^e* quoted : — Per 100. — s. d.

AURICULAS, Alpine, very fine strain, autumn

sown. 18S8 perdrz., 2s. Gd

CALCEOLARIAS, Herbaceous, choicest tigred

and spotted ... , ... perdoz., 2s.

CINERARIAS, large-flowerei, dwarf, per doz., 2s.

.. ordinary class. sp1->ndiH strain, perdoz., Is.Sd.

CARNATIONS and PICOTEES, very choice, from

stage flowers; will produce 80 per cent.

double per doz., Is. ijd.

PRIMULA SINENSIS, beautiful fringed varieties,
„ ALBA MAGNIFICA ... per doz., 2s. M.
,, Crimson King, i^plendid colour, perdoz., 2s. Gd.
,, choicest fringed, red or white, perdoz.. Is. Gd.
,, ,, ,, mixed, in beautiful var., perdoz., ls.6d.

CYCLAMEN PERSICUMGIGANTEUM, strong
young plant-, from single pots, autumn

sown, 1888. very tine perdoz., 5s. 35 0

PRIMULAS, double, pure white, strong young

plants, from single pots ... per doz., 5s. 35 0

HYACINTHS, early white Roman,

,, fine selected roots perdoz.. 2s. 6rf. 17 6

,, ordinary size, good roots per doz., 2s. 14 0

DANIELS BROS.,

Town Close Nurseries,

NORWICH.

10 6

10
10

PANSIES !— PANSIES !!— PANS1ES M!

EXHIBITION FANCY VARIETIES.
12 CUTTINGS in 12 varieties, 2s. 6<f. post-free.
25 ,, 12 ,, 4s.

50 ,, 25 „ 6s. M.

100 „ 50 ,, 12s.

200 „ 100 ,, 30s. „

(Two cuttings of each variety.)
Notwithstanding the very hot and dry season, my Pansies
never grew *o well. My Pansy Foreman has already put in 21,000
of the freshest, healthiest, and strongest cuttings it is possible to
conceive of. I can offer well-rooted, handsome blooming young

4s. post-free.

PLANTS

( 12 in 12 varieties, 4s. post-:

J 25 „ 25 ,, 6s. 6d. „

1 50 „ 50 ,, 12s. „

U00 ,,100 ,, 30s. „

Here is a sample of the grand new and good varieties, which
I will include in all the above collections of cuttings and
plants: -John Shaw, A. Ashcrof t, My Lady (the largest Pansy).
Bob Montgomery, Geo.Cronie, Princess Beatrice. JoeChamher-
lain, Neil Mackay, John Pope (new), Mrs. Griffiths (uew 1889,
very large), John Crabbe, and Mrs. Browell.

SEED saved this season f^oiu my world-renowned collection
of Pannes :— Show Var eties, Is. and 2s. 6f. per packet;
Fancy Varieties, Is. and '2s. 6d. per packet. (A 2s. 6rf. packet
contains three Is. packets.)

Illustrated CATALOGUE Past-free.

M. CUTHBERTSON, F.R.H.S.

PANSY GROWER,

ROTHESAY, SCOTLAND.

EARLY WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS,

EARLY-FLOWERING NARCISSUS,

and all other BULBS for Forcing, now ready for delivery.
Priced LIST free on application.

D I CKS 0 NS, £££ CHES TER.

(Limited.)

DUTCH BULBS CHEAP !

FRENCH BULBS CHEAP !

ENGLISH BULBS CHEAP !

See our Special \Wtolesale Catalogue of Bulbs.

Containing List of all the best varieties of HYACINTHS,

TULIPS, CROCUS, LILIUMS, DAFFODILS, SNOWDROPS,

IRIS, &c, &c. free on application.

Please compare our Prices before sending your Orders abroad.

WATKfNS & SIMPSON,

Seed and B' lb Merchants,

Exeter Street, Strand, London, W.C.

ORCHIDS AND PALMS

The Stock is of such magnitude that, without seeing it. it is not

easy to form an adequate conception of its unprecedented extent.

Inspection Invited.

The Glass covers an area of upwards of 300,000 super, feet.

HUGH LOW & CO.,

CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, E.

New Edition,

THE COTTAGERS CALENDAR

GARDEN OPERATIONS.

Price 3d., Post-free 3%d.

W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand,

London, W.C.

Now ready, in cloth, lis. 6d.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
Vol. V., Third Series, JAN. to JUNE, 1889.
W. RICHARDS. 41, Wellington Street, Strand. W.C.

THE

(Saritotm' tifhronicb.

SATURDAY, AUGUST 10, 1889.

GARDENING IN THE PARKS.

fT^HIS is for the gardener pre-eminently the
-*• season for " looking round," to gather hints,
and compare notes. It may seem strange to come
to London to study gardening, but Kew, Hjde
Park, Kensington Gardens, and other places t f
like kind offer valuable suggestions as to what
should be done elsewhere, and especially as to
what should not be done. We purpose, from
time to time, to make mention of some of the
London parks as illustrations which mayprofi-
ably be studied by the gardener.

Time was when Battersea Park, especially
when under the Gibson management, was the
pattern park and garden after which country
gentlemen modelled their own establishments,
and eventually with the same results, though
different in degree, as those which attended the
copying of the fashions in bedding-out set at the
Crystal Palace and South Kensington. Since
those days gardening has taken new depart ares
in several directions, and is more diversified,
greatly to the improvement of gardens, and the
enhancement of their interest all the year round ;
but Battersea has stood still, if it has not
retrograded, and the beds and the plants
are about the same as they were twenty
years ago ; so that a blindfolded man, if he were
led into, say, the subtropical garden, might say,
here grows a lot of Cannas, there Castor-oils,
there Brugmansias, and so on.

It would be a welcome change for at least a
few seasons if the so-called subtropicals, peren-
nial and otherwise, were planted in other places —
by the sides of the lakes, on the islands, or even
relegated to the solitude of the reserve garden.
Their places could be charmingly filled with
herbaceous plants, of which there are immense
numbers flowering from early spring to late
autumn, and the season could be helped out with
numerous species and varieties of annual plant,",
which might be sown in the beds, or raised in
other ways and transplanted where and when
they were wanted.

It does not seem to be an irrevocable law that

154

THE GARDENERS* CHRONICLE.

[August 10, 1889.

we should always have a few " starers " in a bed
of either foliage, or flowering, or mixed plants,
and underneath these lanky individuals place a
carpet for them to stand upon, or provide them
with the wherewithal to clothe their nakedness.
It would seem as if a change in method of planting
had become desirable, although doubtless from
the habit of repeating the thing for many years
the present one has become easy to those in
charge. The Londoner from amidst his pall of
smoke is charmed with patches of bright colour,
and instead of the intrioate samplers of Alter-
nanthera, Mentha, Sedums, Coleus, Herniaria, and
the rest, he might be given Marigolds, Zinnias,
dwarf and tall ; sheets of Virginian Stock, masses
of dwarf and climbing Nasturtiums, beds of East
Lothian, Brompton, and Ten-week Stocks, the
now varied and beautiful Snapdragons, Delphi-
nium Ajacis, all kinds of Clarkias, Leptosiphon,
hedges of Sweet Peas, banks of Mignonette, and
stretches of Musk. We are heretical enough to
propose to plant the alpine landscape (!), that is, at
the entrance to the subtropical part, with Musk,
notwithstanding the possibility that Batterseaites,
and their neighbours on the opposite shore of
the river, might take toll in the shape of pur-
loined tufts to fill window-boxes, &c. An Alp
may be perpetrated once in a public garden, but
it should not, as it were, aspire (no pun is meant)
to the permanent oooupier of the site.

The list of plants which a gardener with ideas
could employ to give variety, and revive the
waning interest in the gardening'of this park, is
far too lengthy to be inserted here ; and let it
not be supposed that in our advooacy of these
plants they should be so planted and disposed as
to repeat in a milder way the errors of the
glaring massing of the bedding-out epoch. Not
so, but the plants should be combined in tasteful
mixtures, with due regard to colour contrasts,
or harmonies, to height and suitability to the
design of the beds and borders.

It might also lead to some too obtrusive beds
being done away with — there are now too many
in some parts, and too little reposeful lawn away
from the big spaces in the park. In fact, the
foreground of the parterres has been too much
encroached upon by the beds made from time to
time, and any alteration in this direction would
sweep away some few needless oarpet beds.
Moreover, the nearness of one foliage bed to
another destroys the effect of contrast, and much
of the garden soenery is but that of a jungle of
gigantic forms of vegetation. The reverse of
this may be observed wherever a fine Seaforthia
elegans or other Palm, or a mass of Bamboo
stands out on the turf, and is not encroached
upon by equally large plants.

Smaller beds with more variety in the plants
employed and in colour and form of leaf and
flower seem oalled for. The present beds are
many of them too big, the inner plants being
smothered, and the effect is that of a mass of
foliage whioh may surprise the observer, but does
not please him, and often prevents a view being
taken of distant points of interest. Raised beds
of regular form of one or two steps might be
sparingly employed, also basket-shaped beds,
both large and small. Virginian Creeper might
take the place of the dark gloomy Ivy as borders
to walks in some parts, and in deciduous trees
more use made of pyramidal and weeping forms.
A recent visit showed the trees in this Park
looking their best, many having made fine long
shoots ; and Ilollies amongst the evergreens had
done remarkably well this season. The rains
have'made everything look their freshest, con-
sidering the lateness of the period. Bedding
plants proper are full of flower, but beds of

carpet-plants and full foliage plants seem want-
ing in vigour, and, in many instances, it was seen
that the former were not well covered. The
walks and the turf — and these, after all, are of
more value to the Londoner than his flowers —
never were better at this season ; and cleanliness
is visible in every part.

New or Noteworthy Plants.

MASDEVALLIA ELLISIANAx, ». hyb.

This is a new hybrid raised by Mr. Seden for
Messrs. Veitch, from M. Harryana ? , and M.
igneat? , the seed having been sown in 1885. It was
exhibited at the fortnightly meeting of the Royal
Horticultural Society on June 25 last, and was
awarded a First-class Certificate by the Orchid Com-
mittee. The name was given in compliment to
Lady Howard de Walden, of the Mote Park, Maid-
stone, a great lover of Orchids, Ellis being the
family name. In shape the flowers much resemble
M. ignea, the colour light carmine, with darker
nerves. The upper sepal is small, broadly triangular,
light purple, with three darker nerves ; the tails of
the lateral sepals are very short ; the base of the
tube yellow. The petals are white, with faint purple
mid-line ; the lip white ; the column with violet
angles. It is a pretty plant, and tolerably inter-
mediate in character between its two parents. It. A.
Bolfe.

Gladiolus Leichtlini, Baker n. $p*

This new species of Gladiolus was gathered by Mr.
E. W. Adlam, of Pietermaritzburg, on an excursion
to the Transvaal in 1887. For my knowledge of it
I am entirely indebted to Herr Max Leichtlin, who
has flowered it this summer at Baden Baden, and
supplied me with specimens and notes upon its
characteristics. It flowers in June and July. In
habit and stature it most resembles G. Papilio, but
in the colouring of the flower it is nearest G. psit-
tacinus. It is a fine plant, and no doubt will be
appreciated by cultivators.

Leafy stem terete, about 2 feet long, produced
leaves usually four, ensiform, bright green, mode-
rately firm in texture, a foot long, under an inch
broad ; flowers six or eight, arranged in a moderately
dense secund spike half a foot long ; spathe valves
lanceolate, erect, 1 to U inches long; perianth bright
red ; tube arcuate, 1\ inch long, funnel-shaped in the
upper third ; three upper segments obovate, obtuse,
permanently connivent, as long as the tube, above k
inch broad ; three lower much smaller, deflexed,
acute, red at the tip, yellowish below it, grained with
small red spots ; stamens arcuate, distinctly shorter
than the upper segments. J. G. Baker.

Lemoine's New Hvdhid Gladiolus.

This is the first of a new race of hybrid Gladioli
obtained by M. Lemoine, of Nancy, between one of
the varieties of G. Gandavensis and the hardy species
G. Saundersi. It was sent to me last year as G.
nanceianusX by its raiser, for trial, and will be distri-
buted to the public as soon as sufficient stock of it
has been obtained. I am happy to be able to report
most favourably of this beautiful novelty, which I
consider to be a most valuable and desirable acquisi-
tion, and quite one of the most beautiful Gladioli I
have ever seen. It is a variety of a moderately
vigorous habit of growth, with a spike of only me-
dium height. The flowers are of a most beautiful
shade of deep rose-colour flaked with carmine, much
resembling those of Souchet's beautiful old hybrid of
Gandavensis named Achille, but the form of the
new-comer is much more perfect, and most beauti-

* Caule tereti bipedali ; foliis ensiformibusviridibus; flofibus
6 — 3 in spicam subden^am secundara dispositis ; spathse
valvis lanceolatis 1 — 1J uncialibns ; pprianthio splendid? rubro,
tubo arcuato bracteis longiori, segmentis 3 6uperioribus
obova'ia diu conniventibus inferioribus multo minoribus
subacutis fauce luteis minute rubro punctata ; genitalibus
perianthio brevioribus. /. G. BaRer.

fully and evenly expanded, looking you straight in
the face. This latter fact is all the more surprising,
as in one of the parents (Saundersi) the beautiful
scarlet flowers, veined with white, have the serious
fault and drawback of being so bent in towards the
stem that it is impossible to see their beautifully
marked interior without raising them with the hand.
The centre lower petal of the new hybrid is most
distinctly and beautifully marked with a curiously
pointed creamy blotch flaked with carmine. It is
altogether a most lovely flower. I have also received
for trial, from Herr Otto Frcrbel, of Zurich, another
new hybrid Gladiolus of his raising, which I believe
to be the produce of a somewhat similar cross. This
seems to be of a more vigorous habit of growth, and
will not open its flowers for about ten days, when I
hope to have something to say in its favour. W. E.
Gumbleton.

NOTES FROM THE PARIS

EXHIBITION.

TnE grounds of the Place des Invalides, forming,
as they do, a large and attractive portion of the Paris
Exhibition, and including the various pavilions and
villages of the natives of the French colonies' and
Protectorates, have been made cool and pleasant by
planting shrubs and plants indigenous to the different
countries, and they also possess many rows of fine
umbrageous trees. Around the Netherlands Indian
section are vigorous tobacco plants in blossom,
Musas, Capsicums, and Cacti. Palms and Orange
trees are in vigour, and here and there are seen
shrubs of Pinus Strobus and excelsa, which are not
quite appropriate.

From the Botanic Gardens of Hammah and
Algeria have been brought good specimens of the
Sugar-cane, dwarf Palm, Sabal Havanense, Plantains,
and different Bamboos, Phormium tenax, Chamie-
dorea elatior, Philodendron pertusum, Chamtorops
excelsa and C. elegans, Corypha australis, and Stre-
litzia augusta. Although Cork trees could not be trans-
planted, yet fine sections of the trunks are erected,
showing the formation of the inner layers of bark.

Tropical Fruits. — Seldom, perhaps, has been col-
lected together so large a variety of tropical fruits as
at the Paris Exhibition in the various kiosks and
stalls on the Place des Invalides and the Quai
D'Orsay. At the Colonial Exhibition in London
there was a fair display made, but the northern and
southern coasts of the Mediterranean are within a
nearer distance than our colonies, and hence Algeria,
Tunis, Egypt, Spain, Italy, and other countries have
been able to send large and continuous supplies.
The quantity of oranges sent from Valencia has been
considerable, and they sold readily at from one
halfpenny to 2d. each, according to size and quality.
Pineapples, bunches of Bananas, sections ot Sugar-
cane, Water and other Melons, Pomeloes or Shad-
docks from Florida, called " Grape Fruits," Apples
from Victoria and Tasmania, selling at Id. and 2d.,
Litchis and Longans, Dates, Figs,. Cocoanuts and
Brazil Nuts in their capsule (these are plentiful
here, although difficult to obtain in that form in
England), and various other Nuts, such as Peccan,
Hickory, Sapucai, Butter Nuts, Pine Cones, Pistacia,
Ground Nuts, and Chufas (Cyperus), Carob-pods,
&c, make up a goodly choice for visitors.

In the United States sections there are the fol-
lowing varieties of Oranges shown : — Maltese Blood,
Maltese Oval, Paper Rind St. Michael, Washington
Navel, Australian Navel, Indian River, Tahiti Seed-
ling, Haiti Late. Dried Apricots, Nectarines,
Peaches unpeeled, Plums pitted, Pears evaporated,
excellent Raisins, preserved fruits and jams in-
numerable.

Saffron. —The cultivation and preparation of Saffron
in Spain are well exemplified by one or two exhibitors
in the Spanish Pavilion on the banks of the Seine, at
the Quai D'Orsay. One exhibitor, N. Hermanos, shows
samples from Albacete, which is one of the chief cen-
tres of production, but the best and most instructive
exhibit is that ofDamaso Algaraz, Valencia, who
has a very complete -and instructive stand, com-

August 10, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

155

mencing 'at the bottom with corms of the Crocus
sativus, in earth ; then over this, on a shelf, are a
•dozen glass globes.six filled with the product of 1888,
and six with those of the previous year. They are
classified as follows into Aragon Sierra, Rio, Bajo,
Mediano, Superior, Selecto.

Four oil paintings represent a field of Saffron and

the collection of the flowers, the return of the

peasants from the field, the picking the stigmas, the

trifid orange-coloured tops of the central organ of

. the flowers, the remainder being useless, the drying

| of the Saffron by heat, and, lastly, the general

' market where the sales are made. The various

tools and utensils, sieves, &c, for cultivating and

drying the Saffron are shown ; also the different

forms of packages in which it is shipped to America,

Germany, and France.

Various statistical tables exhibit in a graphic
manner the rise and fall of prices, and the export
and stock of Saffron during a period of nineteen
years and a half from October 15, 1869, to April 30,
1889. The trade in Saffron is a very old one in
Valencia, and the production is more than double
that of France and other countries combined.

The total quantity sold in the period above
stated was about 2,250,000 lb.,° an average of, say,
114,500 lb. The largest sale was in the year 1872-
73, 167,317 lb., the smallest sale in the period was
72,350 lb. in 1869-70.

Although used to a small extent in pharmacy and
as a dye stuff, its chief employment is as a condi-
ment, and for colouring liqueurs, butter, and cheese.

Australian Seed- vessels. — In the Victoria section
of the Exhibition Mr. W. R. Guilfoyle, F.L.S.,
Director of the Melbourne Botanic Gardens, shows
a large and most interesting collection of carpo-
logical specimens in glazed cases, numbering about
300 divisions, including the seeds and seed-vessels
of the various species of Eucalyptus, Acacia, Arau-
caria, Casuarina, Banksia, Hakea, Grevillea, Mela-
leuca, Callistemon, Angophora, and other genera.
It is a collection which ought to be secured for Kew
or some other botanic museum, as it is difficult
to form such another.

Mate. — Very many of the South American repub-
lics show specimens of this product, known locally
as Yerba Mate, or Paraguayan Tea, the product of
the torrified leaves and stalks of different species of
Ilex. It is exhibited in packets, and in original
serons or bales of green hide. This is the dietetic
beverage of about 20,000,000 in South America, and
its popularity is shown by the exhibits in the
various pavilions of the Argentine Republic, Para-
guay, Uruguay, Brazil, Chili, Bolivia, &c.

There appears to be a considerable difference in
the quality and estimation of the Mate, according
to the locality from which it is derived ; whether
this arises from the variety of shrub or the mode of
preparation does not appear.

That of Paraguay is the most bitter and aromatic
of all, and the most esteemed ; it yields four times
the quantity of infusion that the Mate of the Mis-
siones or of Paranagua does. Hence, although
dearer in price, it is more economic.

A coarser kind is made in Brazil from the leaves
alone, and these being unpulverised are used in the
same way as Chinese tea. It is difficult to get at
any reliable returns as to the entire traffic in this
commodity, the production of which is carried on in
such a desultory and wide manner, and extends over
so vast an area of wide country where the holly
trees flourish. In the Argentine Republic the con-
sumption is over 35,000,000 pounds against 5,000,000
•pounds of coffee. In Paraguay the production of
Mate is about 5,000,000 pounds ; from Brazil there is
an export of 65,000,000 pounds to neighbouring
States, while the local consumption is about half as
much. This is singular in the great coffee-producing
country of the world, which sends into commerce
annually more than half the entire production of
coffee.

Strong efforts are being made to open a trade with
it in Europe, especially in France, where shops ad-
vertise and recommend it. Whether this will succeed

remains to be seen, looking at the increased pro-
duction of tea and the enormous increase in its sale
in Europe.

Approaching in its chemical composition to coffee
and tea, it is asserted that it does not cause wake-
fulness or prevent sleep. In the rural districts as
well as in the smaller towns, this beverage is con-
sidered [a regular form of diet, and not, like tea, a
mere accompaniment of the breakfast table. It is
sweetened with sugar until it almost becomes a
syrup. It is sold at 2d. to 4a. per pound, and one
pound will produce about twenty quarts of infusion.
It is sometimes flavoured with cinnamon, orange-
peel, or lemon juice. (From our Special Correspondent.)

LIST OF GARDEN ORCHIDS.

(Continued from p. 79.)

LJiLIO-CATTLEYAx,

(12.) L. X exoniensis, Rolfe, in Joum. Linn.
Soc, xxiv., p. 169. Cattleya exoniensis X ,
Rchb. f., in Gard. Chron., 1867, p. 1144 ; Fl.
Mag., t. 269 ; Jenn. Orch., t. 1 ; Warn., Sel.
Orch., ser. 2, t. 36. Lcelia exoniensis x , Veitch,
ex Warn., Sel. Orch., ser. 2, sub. t. 36 ; Rolfe,
in Gard. Chron., 1887, ii., p. 716. — Raised by
Mr. Dominy, for Messrs. Veitch. One of the
earliest of artificial hybrids, and one whose
parentage is, unfortunately, very obscure.
Cattleya labiata Mossix and Lselia purpurata
were at first suggested, then the latter with
E. crispa, but neither hypotheses appear to be
supported by the characters of the plant. My
own opinion, based upon a careful comparison
of living specimens, kindly sent by Messrs.
Veitch, is, that Cattleya labiata (the old
autumn-flowering variety) and Lcelia crispa
were the parents.

(13). L. X fausta, Rolfe, in Gard. Chron.,
1889, i., p. 619. Cattleya fausta X , Rchb. f.,
in Gard. Chron,, 1873, p. 289 ; also p. 290,
fig. 57a ; Fl. Mag., n.s., t. 189 ; var. radicans,
Rchb. f., in Gard. Chron., 1873, p. 289, also
p. 290, fig. 57b. Messrs. Veitch distinguish
four colour varieties, aurca, bella, crispa, and
dclicata, Man. Orch. P/.,pt. 2,p.91. — A hybrid
raised by Mr. Seden, for Messrs. Veitch, from
Cattleya Loddigesii $ and Lselio-cattleya x
exoniensis, so that it has three parts Cattleya
and one part Lielia in its parentage.

(14). L. X felix, Rolfe, in Joum. Linn.
Soc, xxiv., p. 169. Cattleya felix x, Rchb. f.,
in Gard. Chron., 1876, ii., p. 68. Leila felixX.
Veitch, Man. Orch. Pl.,pt. 2, p. 96. —A hybrid
raised by Mr. Dominy, for Messrs. Veitch.
Its parentage is somewhat uncertain, but is
supposed to be Lselia crispa $ and Cattleya
Schilleriana (J .

(15.) L. X Horniaxa. Lcelia HornictnaX,
Rchb. f., in Gard. Chron., 1888, i., p. 770.— A
hybrid raised by Mr. Ferdinand Horn, Orchid
grower to Baron Nathaniel von Rothschild,
Hohewarte, near Vienna, from Lxlia pur-
purata? and Lielio-cattleya x elegans^, so
that it has three-fourths L. purpurata in its
parentage. I have not seen it.

(16.) L. x Mardelli, Rolfe, in Gard.
Chron., 1889, i., p. 740. Cattleya Mardelli x ,
Seden, ex Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron., 1879, i..
p. 234 ; Fl. Ma</., n.s., t. 437 ; Warn. & Will..
Orch. Alb., t. 287.— A hybrid raised by Mr.
Seden, for Messrs. Veitch, from Cattleya
labiata var. Luddemanniana ? and L.-elio-
cattleyax elegans <? . The latter is called, in
the Floral Magazine, n.s., under t. 437, Cattleya
devoniensis, a name the origin of which I have
failed to discover, and which is omitted from
its alphabetical position in this list.

(17.) L. xMylamiana, Rolfe in Joum. Linn.
Soc, xxiv., p. 169. Lcelia Mylamianax,
Rchb. f., in Gard. Chron., 1876, ii., p. 740,
741, fig. 138. — A hybrid raised in the esta-
blishment of Messrs. Wm. Rollisson & Sons,
of Tooting, from Cattleya granulosa $ and
Lxlia crispa $ , and named after Mr. Mylam,
who appears to have been the raiser of the
plant. I have not seen it.

(18.) L. X Novelty. Lcelia Novel/!/, N. E.
Br., in Gard. Chron., 1S87, ii., p. 490.—
A hybrid raised by the late Dr. Harris, of
Eamberhurst, between L»lia pumila? and

Laelio-cattleyaX elegans ; so that it has three-
fourths Lrelia in its parentage.

(19.) L. x Phtlbrickiana, Rolfe, in Joum.
Linn. Soc., xxiv., p. 169. LmliaPhilbriokiana,
Rchb. f., in Gard. Chron., 1879, ii., p. 102.—
A hybrid raised by Mr. Seden, for Messrs.
Veitch, from Cattleya Aclandise ? and Lxlio-
cattleyaXelegans, and therefore with three-
fourths Cattleya in its parentage.

(20.) L. X porfhyritis. Lcelia porphyrias,
Rchb. f., in Gard. Chron., 1886, i., p. 7 3.— A sup-
posed natural hybrid. Professor Reichenbach
suggests Loelia pumila as one parent, and adds
that " Mr. Day thinks [the other] may have
been Cattleya Dormaniana." I can make no
suggestion, as the plant is only known to me
by the description.

(21.) L. x Schilleriana. Lcelia Schil-
leriana, Rchb. f., in Otto and Dietr., Ally.
Garten-., 1855, p. 322; Bletia Schillcriana,
Rchb. f., in Walp., Ann. Bot., vi., p. 424 ;
Lcelia elegans var. Schilleriana, Veitch, Man.
Orch. PI., pt. 2, p. 67; Lcelia, sp., Fl. and
Pomol., 1859, p. 193, t. 153; L. Warneri,
Warn., Sel. Orch., ser. 3, t. 1 ; L. elegans,
Veitch, Man. Orch. PI., pt. 2, p. 65, as to fig.
Originally appeared in the collection of Con-
sul Schiller, at Hamburgh, having been
imported from Rio de Janeiro. It was at
first thought to be a genuine species, though
now admitted to be a natural hybrid between
Cattleya intermedia and Laslia purpurata. In
common with the following varieties, it is
sometimes placed with La;lia elegans {i.e.,
Lselio-cattleya x elegans), which, however,
has a different parentage, and therefore should
be kept distinct.

The following are supposed to have the
same parentage, and must therefore be con-
sidered varieties of L. x Schilleriana : —
Lcelia elegans var. alba, Hort., The Garden,
xvii. (18S0), t. 21S ; Warn, and Will., Orch.
Alb., t. 30 ; Veitch, Man. Orch. PL, pt. 2, p.
66 ; III. Hort., n.s., t. 526.
L. elegans var. Stelzneriana, Veitch, Man. Orch.
PL, pt. 2, p. 67 ; L. Stelzneriana, Rchb. f., in
Hamb. Gartenz., xvi. (1860), p. 282, also p.
420 ; Flore des Serres, t. 1494.
L. cuspatha, Rchb. f., in Hamb. Gartenz., xvi.
(1860), p. 420 ; Sander's Beichenbachia, i.,
t. 8. Bletia euspatha, Rchb. f., in Walp.,
Ann, Bot., vi., p. 425.— Appeared in the col-
lection of Dr. Caspar, at Berlin, in 1860, and
a little later with M. Luddeman, at Paris.
L. irrorata, Rchb. f., in Hamb. Gartenz., xv.
(1859), p. 57. Bletia irrorata, Rchb. f., in
Walp., Ann. Bot,, vi., p. 426.
L. irrorata Gash-elliana, Rchb. f., in Gard, Chron.,

1887, ii., 520.
L. irrorata Scottiana, Rchb. f., in Gard. Chron.,

1883, i., p. 142.
L. Mcasuresiana, Williams, Orch. Gr. Manual,
ed. 6, addenda ; Warn, and Will., Orch. Alb.,
t. 207.

(22.) L. xSedeni. Lcelia Sedeni x .Rchb.f.,
in Gard. Chron., 1S77, ii., p. 424.— A hybrid,
raised by Mr. Seden for Messrs. Veitch, from
Cattleya superba ? and Lslio-cattleya x
elegans <J ; thus it has three-fourths Cattleya
in its parentage.

(23.) L.xTimora. Lcelia Timora, N. E. Br.,
in Gard. Chron., 1887, ii., p. 428.— A hybrid
raised by Mr. Seden for Messrs. Veitch, from
Lffilia pumila Dayana ? and Oattleya labiata
Luddemanniana cj .

(21.) L. X Tresederiana. Lcelia Iresede-
rianax, Rchb. f., in Gard. Chron,, 1888, i.,
p. 136. — A hybrid raised by Mr. Treseder, of
the firm of Messrs. Heath & Son, Chelten-
ham, between La Ha crispa and Cattleya Lod-
digesii. It is not stated which was the seed-
parent.

(25.) L. X trionophthalma, Rolfe, in Gard.
Chron., 1889, i., p. 802. Lcelia trionophthalma,
Veitch, Man. Orch. PL, pt. 2, p. 97. Cattleya
trionophtha!ma,R(ihb. {., in Gard. Chron., 1833,
ii., p. 526. — A hybrid raised by Mr. Seden for
Messrs. Veitch from Cattleya superba ? , and
Lrclio-cattleyaX exoniensis o" , thus having
three-fourths Cattleya in its parentage.

(26.) L. X Veitchtana, Rolfe, in. Joum. Linn.
Soc, xxiv., p. 169. Cattleya VcitehianaX,
Dominy, ex Rchb. f., in Gard. Chron., 1874,
i., p. 566 (in note). Lcelia VeitohianaX,
Rchb. f., in Gard. Chron,, 1874, i., p. 566 ;
Id., 1883, ii., pp. 142, 144, with plate; Fl.

156

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 10, 1889.

Mag., n. s., t. 305. — A hybrid raised by Mr.
Dominy for Messrs. Veitch from Cattleya
labiata (vera) 9 , and Laelia crispa<J. I now
suspect that both this and L. X exoniensis
may have arisen from the same cross. When
writing the note on the parentage of the
latter (cited above), I quite overlooked the
parentage of the present one ; but now, on
comparing the figures of each, and dried
specimens of L.x exoniensis (for I have not
seen the other), I am firmly convinced that
both have the same parentage.

(27.) L. X Victoria. Lalia Victoria,
Veitch, Gard. Chron., 1888, ii., p. 578;
Garden and Forest, 1888, p. 495. — A hybrid
raised by Mr. Seden, for Messrs. Veitch, from
Lselia crispa and Lselio-cattleyaX Domi-
niana, thus having three-fourths Lielia in its
parentage. I suspect the first-named was the
seed- parent.

(28.) L.X zenobia, Rolfe, in Gard. Chron.,
1889, i., p. 802. Cattleya cenobiax, Rolfe, in
Gard. Chron., 1887, ii., p. 552.— A hybrid
raised by Mr. Seden, for Messrs. Veitch. from
La;lio- cattleya elegans (the var. Turneri) 2,
and Cattleya Loddigesii S ; thus, it has
three-fourths Cattleya in its parentage.
82. C. Sopbrocattleya X , Rolle, in Journ. Linn.
Soc, xxiv., p. 169. — A name proposed to dis-
tinguish a hybrid raised between the genera
Cattleya and Sophronitis.

(1.) S. X Batemaniana. Rolfe, in Journ.
Linn. Soc, xxiv., p. 169 ; Veitch, Man. Orch.
PI., pt. 2, p. 92, 93, with figs. Lalia Bate-
■manianay. , Rchb. f., in Gard. Chron., 1886,
ii., p. 263 ; Journ. of Hort., 1887, ii., p. 54, 55,
fig. 6. — A. very beautiful hybrid, raised by Mr.
Seden for Messrs. Veitch, from Sophronitis
grandiflora $ , and Cattleya intermedia o* •
B. A. Bol/'e, Herbarium, Kew.

ABUTILON VI T I FOLIUM,
VAR. ALBA.

Some time since, Mr. Gumbleton favoured us with
flowers of this very beautiful Mallow (see fig. 21,
p. 157). The campanulate form of the flower is not
well shown in the illustration owing to the flower
having been drawn in full face in order to show the
five-fold arrangement of the stamens, which is
interesting as giving a clue to the real nature of
the stamens in this plant; originally five, they sub-
divide into a large number. The shrub is hardy in
south Ireland, and the pure white flowers are par-
ticularly ornamental.

Nursery Notes,

MESSRS. C. LEE & SON.

Ornamental Trees and Shrubs. — In the suburban
district of Isleworth, surrounded by the gardens and
orchards which furnish no small quota of the vege-
tables and fruits consumed by Londoners, are several
nurseries owned by the old and well-known firm of
Lee & Son, whose headquarters have been at
Hammersmith for more than 100 years. To
planters in search of deciduous trees for picture
effects in gardens and pleasure grounds a visit to
that portion of the Isleworth nurseries under the
management of Mr. Webb reveals a great number of
trees and shrubs with variegated foliage and with
greatly varied habits, and which are mostly dis-
played on the borders of a long broad walk. Nur-
serymen are prevented, by the exigencies of space,
from apportioning to the occupants of their nurseries
a due amount of room for fair development, and so
we find here many of the best plants are much
crowded up with others of lesser moment. Yet the
effect of the planting of these borders is remarkable
to a degree, even to one accustomed to see all that
is striking in gardens.

The following are the names of the plants which
produced the effects above noted, beginning with
Elms, of which this Nursery has many species and
varieties : — TJlmus latifolia nana, dwarf, as indicated
by the name, but with very fine large dark green

foliage ; U. latifolia variegata, one of, if not the best
of the silver-leaved Elms, a cheerful, not sickly-look-
ing tree ; the grey-leaved Elm, U. cinerea, nice as a
standard ; U. Rosseesi is an elegant tree, with
foliage of green and yellow ; U. vimiDalis pendula
has small leaves and a slender habit of growth, the
leaves are silvery-white — a distinct-looking subject.
There is a handsome spotted variety of the English
Elm, U. campestris punctata. Other fine Elms
noticed were U. monumentalis, U. Berardi, and the
Silver Elm.

In Alders there were Alnus aurea, with deep
golden variegation (a street avenue of these would
have a fine effect) ; and A. imperialis, a noble tree
with large foliage.

Of Quercus were Q. pedunculata variegata, the
young leaves beautifully mottled with white; Q.
filicifolia, a finely cut-leaved Oak, slightly variegated.
Another Oak whose name was visible had pale
yellow foliage ; and a telling subject was found in
a silver-variegated form of Q pyramidalis. Q. gran-
didentata latifolia is a handsome green species, not
unlike the aspect of Q. pannonica, as is likewise
Newmann's Oak, an evergreen pyramidal tree ; Q.
pannosa has broad leaves with shallow indentations ;
Q. laurifolia is a fine tree, without variegation, and
also the evergreen Q. fulhamensis, of which thrifty
examples were noted, and chiefly of the broad-leaved
variety. One of the handsomest of pyramidal Oaks
is Q. Hartwissiana. It has silvery variegation, and
is a tree for a lawn, as a foil to Conifers as regards
colour, and to round-headed trees as regards form, as
indeed all pyramidal forms are if large of growth.

Tilia americana variegata has leaves mottled and
flaked with yellow ; T. americana was not observed
in the lines, but it is one of the finest Limes to
plant, and although dry soil does not injure it, it
does much the best near water, the leaves attaining
their fullest development in such places. The
Golden Catalpa, Acacia inermis variegata, Acer
Negundo foliis variegatis, a variegated Sycamore,
Populus variegata, a variegated Whitethorn, Beeches
with purple and red leaves, two forms of Castanea
vesca, one with white, the other with yellow varie-
gated foliage ; Cerasus Padus elegans, yellow mottled
foliage ; and Betula purpurea, were some of the
other variegated-leaved trees noted.

Of green-leaved trees of various species which lent
interest to the collection may be named Acer
villosum, fine long leaves; Castanea vesca laciniata,
another fine-leaved tree ; Pyrus Sorbus vestita,
yEsculus heterophylla dissecta; the Eagle's-claw
Maple, Acer laciniatum; Robinia complexa.resembling
the better known R. hispida, but of lighter-coloured
flowers, which are in longer racemes than that
species ; Salix rosmarinifolia, a plant that makes a
round-headed half-tree, in habit resembling Acacia
inermis, and like that plant, bearing cutting-in with-
out injury; Malus Toringa pendula, the smallest
fruited of all Crabs ; a Weeping Cherry, with rose-
coloured blossoms, a rare variety, and an excellent
weeper ; Acacia pendula, a good substitute for
Sophora pendula, and a quicker grower, if somewhat
less quaint ; a Weeping Walnut, of very decided
habit in that way ; Robinia Bessoniana, one of the
finest of the false Acacia; another equally good is
R. angustifolia elegans : it is a very pretty half-tree
without spines, and may be cut-in like Acacia in-
ermis, so as to form the mop-headed plants some-
times admired ; Ginkgo biloba was another fine
subject well done here.

In variegated and green-leaved shrubs mention
must not be omitted of Mr. Webb's Cornus Mas
elegantissima aurea, a beautiful Bird-Cherry with
rose, yellow and green on the leaves. Other pretty-
leaved shrubs were a Chinese Privet, with yellow
leaves, and a fearful name ; Prunus Pissardi, a deep
red-leaved plant, better in effect than the purple
Hazel, and constant ; a cut-leaved Elder ; Rhus
Osbeckii, a plant with large leaves ; Caragana
gpinosa ; Hibiscus syriacus variegatus, silvery leaves,
which flowers well in the south.

The neighbouring nursery is filled with numbers
of Conifers and miniature plants grown for filling

window-boxes and the like purposes. Many of the
plants have variegated foliage — these looking gene-
rally much brighter throughout the year than green
leaves, at any rate in towns.

Conifers with variegation, except Retinosporas, it
is lamented do not sell now; perhaps owing to the
want of constancy attributed to them, and it must
be said their sometimes sickly appearance, have set
purchasers against them, and it looks as if, in time,
the commoner window-box fillers will have the
nursery to themselves. There is money in the one
and not in the other.

Clematises like rubella, the finest of the claret-
coloured ones, and C. Jackmanni superba, the five-
petalled improved form of Jackman's Clematis, are
much grown, because everyone buys them for their
long -enduring blossoms and extended flowering
period and lovely colours.

Ivies, both tree and climbing, are well done
by Mr. Mardin, the foreman here, and these form
one of the specialties for which this nursery is cele-
brated. Euonymus japonica, in all its forms, is
grown in immense quantities ; also Aucuba, male
and female ; Privets, with variegated leaves ; Philly-
rea laurifolia, a fine town shrub, unhurt by fog or
smoke ; Olearia Haastii, Escallonia macfantha,
Osmanthus ilicifolius, Eheagnus pungens, Thujopsis
dolabrata. These form the bulk of the small stuff
which is most in demand, and to supply which
thousands upon thousands are raised annually.

A small nursery near the high road contains a
good lot of pot and planting Vines, now making
short-jointed firm canes. Here are also grown a
general collection of greenhouse plants, of which
Statice floribunda, a certain bloomer and better
than ;S. profusa, and Acacia Drummondi, Heathg,
and Epacrises form the bulk.

REPORTS
CROP

OF THE POTATO
UP TO JULY 20.

SCOTLAND.

Aberdeenshire. — Owing to the cold wet spring,
Potatos were late in being planted, but came up
well, and are now vigorous and healthy ; early sorts,
which have been fit for use about two weeks earlier
than usual, are a good crop, and excellent quality,
John Forrest, The Gardens, Haddo House, Aberdeen.

A good average crop, but not so early as one

might have expected, from the warm and dry sum-
mer we have had. As yet there is no appearance of
disease. B. Farquhar, Fyvie Castle Gaidens, Fyvie.

Potatos this season are of excellent quality

and size, and are at least a month earlier than last
season. Francis Duncan, Bunccht House, Aberdeen.

Ayr. — Potatos look well, and so far I have not
seen any disease. Early sorts are good in quality,
the recent dry weather having kept them firm. W.
Priest, Kglinton Gardens, Irvine.

Banff.— The Potato crop I have never seen in a
more healthy state. The weather has been all that
could be desired for them ; plenty of heat and an
absence of spring frosts gave them every advantage.
We were digging from the open ground on a south
border on June 4, which is quite a month earlier
than usual, the variety being Sharpe's Victor. J. F.
Smith, Cullen Gardens, Culkn.

Potatos are looking healthy and strong

everywhere both in gardens and fields, and have
stood through the two months of dry weather seem-
ingly without injury, early sorts being a good crop
and fine in quality. John Webster, Gordon Castle
Gardens, Fochabers.

Dumfries. — Potatos are looking well. No sign of
disease as yet. Kidneys have been a very heavy crop
and are of fine quality. Beauty of Hebron, Snow-
flake, Portyfold, and Snowdrop, are all looking well
and give every promise of fine crops. A. Henderson,
Jardine Hall Gardens, Lockerbie.

East Lothian. — Potatos are lifting well in the
garden and have no symptom of disease. The best
early kidney Potato I have is one called Albert Kid-
ney, raised by an amateur in Fife. I have grown
it now for several years and have proved it. All the
second earlies are looking healthy and promising.

August 10, 1889.]

THE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE

157

Field Potatos never looked better. The recent much
needed rain has been very beneficial to them, and if
the disease keep away they promise to be an abun-
dant crop. /,. Dow, The Gardens, Newbyth, Preston-
kirk.

There are both in garden and field excep-
tionally fine crops. Those lifted are of the best
quality, though owing to intense drought and heat
.throughout the month of June, the earlies are not a
■ heavy crop. A couple of inches of rain in the be-
\ ginning of July have made the later varieties all
' right. R. P. Brotherston, Tyninghame, Prestonkirk.

came; now they are excellent in all points. The
best on a light, free, warm, highly cultivated soil, are
Veitch's Ashleaf, kidney, and Sutton's Early
Regent, round. Malcolm Dunn, Dalkeith Gardens,
Dalkeith.

Morayshire. — Early Potatos looked very pro-
mising in the early part of the season, but owing to
the dry weather during June they are small and not
numerous, but the quality is good. Late Potatos
have the appearance of a good return. D. Cun-
ningham, Darnaway Castle Gardens, Forres.

Nairn. — Potatos in field and garden look healthy,

W . ! IJf

\ I III1/ 7 i

|. Jf,/, Uf;

Fig. 21. — abutilon vitifolium, var. alba, — flowers snow white, (see p. 15G.)

Fife. — The fields of Potatos in this quarter look
well, and have no appearance of disease. Early
Potatos are of good quality, and yield a fair average
crop ; the recent rains will improve the late sorts
very much. Robert Gossip, Crawford Priory, Cupar.

Midlothian. — So far, the season has been a
specially favourable one for the Potato, and on the
highly cultivated land in this district the plants are
strong and healthy, and promise an abundant crop.
It is too early for the appearance of any sign of the
disease, but its attack has been slight for some years
back, and, under favourable circumstances, it seems
to be losing a good deal of its virulence. Early
Potatos were small, hard, and waxy, till the rain

but not so vigorous as usual. The tubers are small,
but the rain we have lately had is likely to swell
them. James Maitland, Cawdor Castle, Nairn.

Perth.— Early sorts in gardens are yielding a
very heavy crop, and later sorts promise well. Field
sorts are looking equally satisfactory. Where late
planted on coarse clay soil they look very stunted
owing to drought, but the late rains will help them
much. George Good/ellow, The Gardens, Kinfauns
Castle, Perth. ___

ENGLAND.— NORTHERN COUNTIES.
Northumberland.— Owing to the excessively dry
and hot June the tubers are small, but of excellent

quality, as there is no disease as yet. Since
the rain set in, the late varieties, such as Champions
and Magnums, are looking remarkably well. David
Inglis, Howick Hall, Lesbury.

Westmoreland. — Early Potatos on light lands
have suffered from the drought. Late crops are
looking remarkably well, rain havingjfallen plentifully.
W. A. Miller, Undcrlcy, Kirkby Lonsdale.

Yorkshire. — Potatos look well, but are much in
need of rain. If we don't soon have rain the tubers
will be small. We find a few odd tubers diseased,
but free from scab. Thoinas Jones, Bibston Gardens,
Wetherby.

Early Potatos generally are a bad crop in

this neighbourhood, owing to drought. Late crops
promise to be better, especially since we have had
rains. A good rain is much wanted for all green
crops. William Culverwcll, Thorpe Perrow Gardens,
Bedale.

Lancashire. — The early Potatos are a very fine
crop in this district. Late varieties will not be quite
so good, I am afraid, as they have suffered very
much for want of rain all last month, but are looking
better since the rain has come. •/. Hathaway,
Latham Gardens, Orrnskirk.

EASTERN COUNTIES.

Lincoln. — The Potato crops are fairly promising ;
early varieties are being lifted, and are a good crop,
and free of disease, but rather smaller than usual,
on account of the dry weather. Late and field
crops are also promising well, the recent rains doing
much good. David Lumsdcn, Bloxholm.

The early Potato crops are very small in this

district, owing to the dry, hot weather. Indeed,
there has been no rain for five weeks. We are now
digging Myatt's Ashleaf, which is a favourite about
here, and they are remarkably clean ; no appearance
of disease as yet. The late crops are looking well,
and the rain of July 13 has had good results. ./. Sow-
lands, Bardncy Manor.

Nobfolk. — Potatos are looking remarkably well,
and are turning up well, with no signs of disease at
present; but some 20 miles from here by the sea-
coast the disease is very bad. H. Batohdor, The
Gardens, Catton Park, Norwich.

Suffolk. — Owing to a spell of dry weather extend-
ing from 11th of June to the 8th July, early Potatoes
in this district are of small size, but free from
disease. The haulm of later crops also suffered from
the drought, but since rain has fallen the haulm has
been invigorated and looks well. In other less
favourable positions the presence of disease is only
too plainly visible. John Wallis, Orwell Park, near
Ipswich.

Generally good, with extraordinary length

and strength of haulm. Early varieties are a fine
yield, of good quality. No disease. Mid season
varieties very promising, no disease. Early sorts
are rather later than usual in tubering. D. T. Fish.
Hardwick, Bury St. Edmunds.

Late crops look as well as can be wished, and

the yield must, I think, be large, as rain has come
iust in time to prevent any check, and to assist in
swelling the tubers. Early sorts have not been
good, as the weather was too hot and dry during
June. •/. Sheppard, Wooloerstone Park, Ipswieh.

Essex. — Early Potatos have been very good,
although somewhat small— the tubers are very sound.
Disease had not come under my notice until July 19,
when we examined several sorts, and found the one
most affected to be Beauty of Hebron. This is some-
what to be deplored, as this variety is grown more by
the cottagers in this district than any other variety
for early use. We depend on four sorts, namely,
Veitch's Ashleaf, Early Regent, Beauty of Hebron,
and Magnum Bonum. The first and last named
invariably prove satisfactory. Late Potatos look well,
but it is too early to say much about them yet on the
Essex clay. Arthur Ocock, Havering Park, Eomjord.

The early Potatos were rather late, and the

tubers though very numerous are small. The late
varieties drooped considerably during the hot, dry

158

THE GABDENEBS' GHBONICLE,

[August 10, 1889.

weather. Thunder showers have revived them, and
we may hope they have not also brought disease.
The leaves look as if they were diseased, and a
few tubers have white spots, which are said to be
first signs of disease. Jas. Dour/las, Great Gcaries,
Ilford.

Potato crops generally are very healthy and

promising, excepting upon low-lying lands. The
crop is also somewhat early, and Kidneys, Beauty of
Hebron, White Elephant, &c, already show signs of
ripening. Digging was in full progress hereabont
on July 5. Early Kidneys were badly smitten by
disease, and signs of disease already exist upon later
crops. The fine weather, with recent rains, is likely
to result in heavy yields of good quality, unless ex-
cessive rains occur during the end of July and in
August. William Farley, Double House, Ilford.

These look remarkably well in this neigh-
bourhood at present, but I am afraid that the recent
heavv rains will bring about disease. The varieties
doing best here are Veitch's Improved Ashleaf,
Gloucester Kidney, Early Border, Sutton's Early
Regent, Lady Truscott, Schoolmaster, Covent
Garden Perfection, and Magnum Bonum. James Vert,
Audley End, Saffron Walden.

MIDLAND COUNTIES.

Leicestershire. — Potatos look very well now, but
are not carrying so much top as usual, and are rather
thin in the stalk. Ashleaf is yielding a clean crop,
with no signs of disease yet. G. C. Mnynard, Cole
Orton, Ashby-de-la-Zouch.

The early kinds, although a little checked by

drought which followed the deluge in May, have
produced good crops of sound tubers. Some very
opportune showers have arrived in time to benefit
the late crops of Potatos, which at present are
growing vigorously, and are healthy. W. Ingram,
Belvoir, Grantham.

Warwickshire. — Now, thanks to immigrant
farmers hailing from northern counties and countries,
Warwickshire has become, more especially on the
lighter lands, quite a Potato-growing county, and
this in such quantities as to dangerously threaten
their market value. But Scotchmen coming here
will soon learn that Englishmen in the consumption
of Potatos and oatmeal are not such " gourmands "
as are the Scotch and Irish. The crop in this
neighbourhood, so far as I have observed, is very
promising, and this both in the allotment garden
and in fields. The favourite variety is still the
Magnum. Only in one instance have I heard of the
presence of disease, and this only on a highly
manured piece of an allotment situate low down on
the banks of a stream. The rains which have lately
fallen, together with the cooler atmosphere which
has prevailed, appear to have fairly set up the
Potato, and it bids fair now to go through the season
well. Wm. Miller, Combe Abbey Gardens, near
Coventry.

Early and second earlies have yielded a heavy

crop of clean tubers. For early we grow Veitch's
Royal Ashleaf, and find nothing to equal it. Late
crops are generally looking well. J. Bowler, Caldecot
Gardens, Nuneaton, Warwick.

Northamptonshire. — Potatos are good on the
Fens. It is too dry for a big crop on the heavy
land. J. House, Fengate Nurseries, Peterborough.

Early crops are yielding well and very free

from disease. On light soils they turn out rather
small, but are very good. All main crops in this
neighbourhood look very promising. H. Turner,
Fincshade Abbey, Stamford.

Bedfordshire. — The crops are looking well at
present, but disease is making its appearance. A
dry time is now much required to ripen the tubers.
Geo. Ford, Wrest Park, Ampthill, Beds.

Should we be favoured with good weather

from now there will seldom have been such a crop
of Potatos in this district. The tops are robust and
of good colour. The early varieties are of good size
and excellent in quality. Up to the present I have
perceived no symptoms of disease. I have used less
straw manure this year, and substituted blood manure.

The results, so far, are in favour of the latter. W.M.
Baillie, Luton Hun Park, Luton.

■ Potatos up to last week never looked more

promising, but disease is now showing itself generally
in the foliage. A. McKay, Woburn.

Oxford. — The Potato crops, both garden and
field, are excellent, and no disease has been seen in
this immediate neighbourhood. The early crops are
yielding well, and the quality is very good. The
later crops are most promising. George Stanton,
Park Place, Henley- on- Thames.

Bucks. — I fear the past month of dry weather will
affect the yield of these where they are planted in dry
places. Otherwise they in general look remarkably
well, with no appearance of disease at present.
Sunrise is one in high esteem for forcing purposes
and for early work out-of-doors, it is an abundant
cropper, and of good habit. Geo. T. Miles, Wycombe
Abbey Gardens.

Remarkably healthy and free from disease

at present. We find Snowdrop still a good variety
for second early. Clark's Maincrop is one of the
best grown here. We always ridge our ground for
this crop early in the autumn and plant between the
ridges. ./. Smith, Mentmore.

Potatos, although rather under average size,

are very good, and no disease has yet been found in
the tubers. In the early part of this week the fatal
spot made its appearance in a few places on the tops
of the Early Regent. Veitch's Ashleaf and Beauty
of Hebron are yielding very good crops. Later
varieties look well, but want rain very badly, other-
wise the produce must be small, ft Herriii, Drop-
more, Maidenhead.

Hertford. — We grow a great many varieties, all
of which look remarkably well, very strong in the
haulm, and promising an abundant crop if we do not
get an excess of rain, as I am afraid that with the
luxuriant growth disease will make its appearance.
The early varieties lifted are of good size and of
excellent quality. I have tried Sharpe's Victor this
year, and it has proved one of the best, eating and
yield. James C. Mundell, Moor Park Garden?, Bick-
'mansworth.

The early liftings of Ashleaf were very small

but good. Second earlies are a much better crop —
fine sample and good quality. Late varieties,
especially in the fields, promise well. Disease is
reported in a few places, and we have a large breadth
of Early Puritan, the haulm of which was destroyed
by the disease during the very hot and dry weather
of June 28 to July 5, but so far we have found no
diseased tubers. ./. Kipling, Knebworth, Stevenage.

WESTERN COUNTIES.

Gloucester. — I have not known such a good Potato
season for some years Not a single sort was
damaged by frosts in the spring. Rain just came at
the proper time to finish them off, and at present
there are no signs of disease. Arthur Chapman,
Weston Birt, Tetbury.

Monmouth. — The quality of early varieties of the
Ashleaf type is good, the tubers being numerous,
although rather deficient in size. The heavy rain
in May (after early Potatos were earthed) baked the
soil and excluded air, and this, followed by drought
in June, was unfavourable to the development of the
tubers. Late crops look well, and the haulm since
July 9 and 10, when we had 0 50 and 0'44 of rain
respectively, has made rapid progress. There is no
appearance of disease. Thomas Coomber, The Hendre
Gardens, Monmouth.

Hereford. — Potatos never looked better than
they do at the present time, the dry and fairly hot
June, after the heavy rains, having just suited the
haulm, whilst the weather was all that could be
desired for working the ground and destroying weeds.
Early varieties are producing heavy crops of clean
fine tubers of excellent quality and quite free from
disease. Late varieties look equally well, but this
change to unsettled showery weather fills with dread
those who know how rapidly disease spreads when
the atmosphere is charged with electricity. W. Cole-
man, East nor Castle, Ledbury.

A good sound healthy crop of early Potatos,

but the tubers are small ; late ones will be much
benefited by the rain that has fallen during the past
fortnight, and will, I think, eventually turn out well;
provided they are free from disease, which, as far as
I have been able to observe, is the case at present.
Richard T/iomas, The Gardens, Downton Castle, Lud-
low.

Worcestershire. — The Potato crops show no
trace of disease, and the timely rains will increase
the bulk, as the drought was already distressing the
early kinds. We think very highly of Chancellor as
a variety for field culture, being hardy and of a
robust constitution, and a prolific cropper. Wm.
Crump, Madresfield Court, Malvern.

The early varieties, although rather small,

are very good on the table, notably Early Puritan,
which I consider one of the best. Now that we
have had rain, there is every prospect of the second
earlies producing a full yield, the haulm being par-
ticularly strong. Late varieties all look well, and
should disease not make its appearance, the crop will
be a heavy one. Walter Child, Croome Court, Severn
Stoke, Worcester.

Salop. — The earlies are sound and good eating,
but remarkably small, which is attributable to our
dry weather (not a spot of rain fell here from June 9
to July 9). Late kinds are looking very promising.
Magnum Bonum still holds sway here, though
Imperator is gaining ground. A. S. Kemp, Haughton
Hall, Shifnal.

Early Potatos in this district are very small,

the quality is all that can be desired, and up to the
present time we are quite free from disease. Owing
to the wet spring late varieties are quite a month
later than usual, but are looking remarkably well.
Bichard Milner, Sundorne Castle Gardens, Shrewsbury.

Stafford. — Early Potatos are very good indeed,
being very clean and of good quality, and excellent
crop, and free from disease. Late varieties look re-
markably well. I don't think I ever saw them looking
better ; with a fine autumn crops should be very
heavy and good. ./. Wallis, Kcele Gardens, Newcastle.

Cheshire. — Potatos are looking well in this dis-
trict ; the recent heavy rains, coming after the long
spell of dry hot weather, have put fresh vigour into
the late varieties, but they came too late to be of
service to the earlier ones. I regret to say that the
disease is making its appearance. John V. Smith, Arley
Hall Gardens, Northwich.

SOUTHERN COUNTIES.

Middlesex. — Potatos look most promising, espe-
cially the late crops, of which it is too early to form
an accurate opinion as to their quality. The early
varieties have been very good. We have had a fine
crop of Veitch's Ashleaf, and the quality has been
excellent. Myatt's promise to be equally as good,
and so far no disease has appeared, the ground having
been in a dry state till July 15, when heavy rains
saturated the ground. Field Potatos look most
promising. G. Wythes, Syon Gardens, Brentford.

The Potatos look well, and no disease has

been seen here yet ; the early ones are a heavy crop
and sound. William Bates, Poulett Lodge, Twickenham,

Although Potatos started late, the ground in

the spring beiug so wet and cold, yet the subsequent
heat did wonders in forcing the plants into quick
growth and early tubering. Hebrons and Roses, the
chief early kinds of the district, are now being lifted
rapidly, the price ranging from 3s. 6d. to 4s. per
bushel ; but that will soon be down lower. All
later breadths look wonderfully well, and we shall
have a grand crop should no disease interpose.
The broken weather, accompanied with thunder-
storms, creates uneasiness ; but up to date no dis-
ease is manifest. A. Dean, Bcdfont.

Surrey. — The Potato crop in this district promises
to be one of the best we have ever had. The early
kidney varieties have turned out plentifully, of good
size, clean, and of excellent quality ; all late varieties
give great promise. No trace of disease at present.
A. Evans, Lythe Hill, Haslemere.

Early kidney varieties are a very fine crop

August 10, 1SS9.]

TEE GARDENERS* CERONICLE.

159

and splendid quality. If rain does not come soon
the crop of niidseason and late varieties will be
very short ; not the slightest sign of disease yet. J.
Burnett, The Deepdene Gardens, Dorking.

Up to the present time no disease has

appeared here, the early sorts are very good, in the
early part of the month they were showing slightly
the effect of the dry weather, but since the 7th July,
the frequent showers have been of immense value,
especially to the later sorts, which are looking well.
Jas. Gold, High Ashurst, Dorking.

Kent. — Early Potatos are turning out excellently.
Main crop and later sorts also look well. There is
every prospect of a fine crop should blight keep
away, but I am sorry to say there are slight specks of
it since the rain came. Wm. Craik, The Gardens,
Hothfield Place, Ashford, Kent.

The Potato crop is looking well at the

present date (July 15), on well-cultivated ground,
but showing signs of distress from drought on
shallow or insufficiently-manured plots. There are
some signs of the disease at many places in this
locality. Early kinds have turned out well and are
of good flavour. Crop likely, with fair weather, to
be excellent. G. A. Don, Bedgcbury Park, Hawkhurst.

Potatos are looking remarkably well. The

haulm has grown with unusual vigour, and as yet
there is no sign of disease, but fears are entertained
if the showery weather should continue. Should it
prove more favourable, we may expect a bountiful
yield. C. Sutton, Chevening Gardens, Sevcnoaks.

Sussex. — The Potato crops as yet are showing no
signs of diease, and those already lifted are good, and
of excellent quality. Alex. Bcid, Possingworth, Cross-
in-Hand.

Every appearance of the Potato crop at pre-
sent being a good one, a little disease showing in the
early varieties, but the later ones are quite free from
it. F. Rutland, Goodwood, Chichester.

We grow an average selection. Our crops

this year are excellent in quantity and quality. This
applies to kidneys and rounds alike. Early Puritan
is a grand even cropper. M. P. does very well with
us, but for the last three years it and Midsummer
Kidney were the first to go diseased. I am glad to
say we have no sign of disease yet. Henry E. Holmes,
Ashbumham Gardens, Battle.

Hants. — Never better. On deeply cultivated soil
the tubers are of good size and the quality of all
first-rate. There are no signs of disease. W. Wild-
smith, Heckfield Gardens, Winchfield.

Potatos generally look well. Late varieties

should yield good crops. Many White Elephants
are grown about here. Sutton's Seedling is the best
quality variety now in use. Midsummer Kidney has
been also good. E.Mo/yneux, Swanmore Park Gardens,
Bishop's Walt ham.

All the early kinds are wonderfully good,

both in size and quality, and quite free from disease.
I never remember seeing them look better than they
do this season. Late kinds are looking well. Wm.
Smythc, The Gardens, Basing Park, Alton.

Berks. — Potato crops are looking well. We have
had no disease at all up to this date (July 18).
Although we want rain, appearances are good. T.
Jones, Boyal Gardens, Windsor.

Potatos look well and promise good yield,

but disease has made its appearance in a few places
in this district. We have had heavy storms of late.
Amongst our best earlies are Ashleaf, Myatt's ditto,
Henderson's Prolific, the latter a good sort. Mid-
season : Beauty of Hebron, Suowflake. Late sorts :
M.P., Welford Park Kidney, and Magnum Bonum.
J. H. Boss, Lockinge Gardens, Wantage.

' Potatos are exceptionally good this season.

Crop heavy and quality fine. The late heavy rains,
however, have caused the disease to set in with great
rapidity, especially among the early sorts, the fre-
quent bursts of sunshine and alternate rains being
most favourable to its rapid development. Wm. Pope,
The Gardens, Highclere Castle, Newbury.

Wilts.— Early Potatos are good and plentiful, and
the tubers large. Mid-season and late crops look
very well at present, although the haulms in some

gardens are somewhat suspicious looking. It is to
be feared that disease will follow in the train of the
recent heavy rain storms. H. W. Ward, Longford
Castle Gardens, Salisbury.

The Potato crop with us is excellent, and I

believe the same remark applies to the district in
general. Some complaints have already been made
of the disease, which is noticeable in a few gardens,
but speaking generally, at the present time the crop
is first rate. C. Warden, Clarendon, Wilts.

SOUTH-WESTERN COUNTIES.

Somerset. — Potatos threw up strongly and evenly,
and no frosts injured the haulm. From the first
they have done well, and the Ashleafs especially are
yielding capital crops of the best table quality. A
little disease was seen in the neighbourhood late in
June, hut there is none among the Potatos growing
in these gardens. All the mid-season and late varie-
ties promise well, the haulm being extra strong.
The rains came just in time. W. Iggulden, Marston
House Gardens, Frame.

Devonshire. — Early Potatos are wonderfully fine,
and good in quality ; the seconds and late kinds are
looking well all round, and no sign of disease up to
this time (July 17). This season is the finest I
have seen in South Devon ; all garden crops are very
satisfactory. Geo. Baker, Membland, Plymouth.

Dorset. — Potatos give^excellent promise of both
quantity and quality, and, so far, I have not seen or
heard of ^any disease. James Enstone, Wear, near
Exeter.

Cornwall. — The Potato crop here is very much
affected with the disease in the haulm, but the tubers
as yet are unaffected. The yield is good. James
Murton, Pencalenick, Truro.

Early Potatos have been plentiful and good,

being uninjured by spring frost; the disease was
noticed in a damp valley as early as June 6, but the
month's line weather which followed kept it in check
until July 10, now the haulm is dying away, and the
tubers are affected. Late crops are looking well at
present, but we fear the disease will soon be seen in
the fields. Charles Lee, Boconnoc, Lostwithiel.

good prices ; but in the middle of the season the
markets seemed to be glutted, as the prices fell
suddenly, and those since sold have not covered the
cost of culture. Chas. B. Saunders, St. Saviour's.

Guernsey. — The early Potato crop has been very
good, but in later sorts disease is now showing freely
— it came on immediately after the recent heavy
rains. C. Smith <y Son, Caledonia. Nursery.

Scilly Isles. — The early crop of Mayatt's Ashleaf
Potatos was very good, and growers have reason to
be satisfied with returns this season — they came out
free from disease. Late crops look promising, but
disease has begun to show itself since the rains in
the early part of the month. G. D. Vallancc, Tresco
Abbey Gardens.

WALES.

Denbigh. — Excellent crops of all sorts ; healthy
and of good flavour. There are no signs of disease
up to the present time. P. Middleton, Wynn-stay
Gardens, Jluabon.

Pembroke. — The early varieties gave a very light
crop, and the tubers were small ; second earlies are
also light, and rather small, but of excellent quality.
Late crops are looking fairly well. We had a cold,
wet spring, succeeded by a drought. Only half an
inch of rain in June. There is no disease yet. <ieu.
Griffin, Slebeek Park, Haverfordwest.

The Herbaceous Border.

IRELAND.

Down. — Early Potatos have turned out a good
average crop. We were very late in planting late
Potatos, owing to the wet spring, but they are now
looking well and promising, with no disease. Jas.
Taylor, Mount Stewart, Newtonards.

Dublin. — Potatos are a promising crop. Early
varieties have done well in this neighbourhood, and
have no sign of disease. Late varieties are likely to
be a good crop, now that we have got the rains.
G. Smith, Viceregal Gardens, Dublin.

So far only good accounts are current ; the

crop promises to be a large one, and the quality up
to or even above the average. Early kinds grown on
the sandy flats near Rush and Lusk, and near Bal-
briggan, were a good crop. The main crop kinds,
such as Kemps, Flounders, Champions, &c, look
strong and healthy, and promise a large yield ; up to
July 15 there is no sign or news of the disease.
/•'. W. Burbidqe, Trinity College Gardens, Dublin.

CHANNEL ISLANDS.
Jersey. — The crops of Potatos this season have
been a fair average, and the earliest crops realised

CEPHALARIA TATARICA.

For planting out in the border with other large
herbaceous plants this is a desirable plant of easy
culture. The foliage is bold if inclined to be coarse,
which, however, is more than compensated for by
the singular-looking pale yellow flower-heads. It is
a plant which may be raised from seed without much
trouble, and should be grown in rich soil for the first
year, so as to get it to develop strong root-stocks.

SCROPHULARIA NODOSA VARIEGATA.

This plant forms a very pretty contrast in the
herbaceous borders to other plants with bright
flowers and green foliage. It is merely a variegated
form of the Figwort, and possesses all the vigour of the
wild type. The foliage has very little green colour in
it, and towards the autumn the whole plant becomes
pink-tinted. It will grow well in any soil, but
requires a rather damp position, where it will form
large specimens. It is best increased by offsets and
cuttings, the latter rooting freely in a cold frame.
In choosing these, only well-coloured shoots should
be taken. •/. W. Odcll, Stanmorc.

Harpalium rigidum.

Among hardy border plants, this is certainly one
of the best and most desirable, as not only does it
make a very fine show while flowering, but it is of
great value for cutting from.

In good soils, plants of it grow to about G feet
high and branch freely, the flowers produced by the
middle buds are large, measuring from 3 to 4 inches
across, the petals being of a deep rich yellow, and
loosely placed, which gives the flowers a light and
graceful appearance. In spring, when the plants
begin to grow, they send up numerous suckers or
side shoots around the main crown ; and, therefore,
this Harpalium admits of ready increase, as any of
these suckers may be taken up with roots, and if
replanted become quickly established.

Like most herbaceous plants of a strong-growing
habit, the Harpalium rigidum needs great depth of
soil, and therefore before planting, the ground should
be broken up and prepared by giving a dressing of
manure. •/. S.

COLOUR IN PLANTS.

(Continued from p. 126).
(2) Oxidisation.
This was early credited as a cause of changes iu
the colours of certain flowers, as of those which
vary from hour to hour. Thus, Dr. Lindley, in
speaking of a Phlox described by a correspondent in
the Gardeners' Chronicle (1S42, p. 555) as being
light blue at 5 a.m., became pink by 10 a.m., like the
" changeable Hibiscus," which is white in the morn-
ing, pink at noon, and bright red at sundown; he
attributed the blue to the excess of oxygen, which
had presumably accumulated as an acid at night, and
as soon as the oxygen began to be exhaled by day.
that the colour changed to red. The reader will
perceive that if, as Dr. Lindley supposed, the blue be

160

TEE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 10, 1889.

due to the increase of acid matters (from the excess
of oxygen), then the result does not tally with later
views. But, as we shall see, the blue might be due
to excess of oxygen without its being an element of
an acid.

The various tints of autumnal foliage are now
generally supposed to be due to oxidisation, and as
some of the colouring matters of flowers are the
same as those formed in leaves, we can presumably
assign oxidisation to the cause in the latter, though
" more or less modified by light and by other varying
conditions not yet understood " (Sorby). If, how-
ever, it be thought that reds in autumn tints be
referable to oxidisation, Mr. Sorby himself found the
effect of oxygen to be exactly the reverse, for he
discovered " that in the case of very many kinds of
colouring matters a slight amount of oxidisation
lowers the absorption towards the red end of the
spectrum quite as uniformly as it is lowered by alka-
lies." This means that oxidization at least some-
times tends to produce " blues." Hence, as observed
above in the case of Phlox, Dr. Lindley might have
been right in attributing the blue at dawn to oxygen,
but wrong in supposing it to be acid.

Light.

As colours are not due to direct assimilation by
the protoplasm of the petals, but to secondary pro-
ducts derived through leaf-action and from the
materials stored up through the agency of the foliage,
it is not a priori surprising to find that flowers
allowed to expand in total darkness while the foliage
is exposed to sunlight are found to produce their
colours. Nevertheless, differences, though slight in
degree, in the brightness of the colours are some-
times observable.* If Sachs' latest discovery prove
generally true, that the invisible fluorescent rays
beyond the violet end of the spectrum are specially
concerned in enabling a plant to provide the special
material (whatever it may prove to be) for the making
of flowers, we can easily imagine that it is not merely
the amount, but the quality of the light, which is
an important factor. It has been found by Flahault,
Bonnier, Mr. P. Barr, and others, that the same
species growing at different altitudes on mountains,
as well as in low and high latitudes, exhibit great
differences in the depth of colouring, while florists'
flowers are often less bright in cloudy and inclement
weather, or through a more cloudy season. This
may be the result, not of the deficiency of light upon
the flowers, but upon the foliage, which thus is in-
capable of developing properly those substances
required for effecting bright colours in the petals.
It has been found with alpine plants that the ana-
tomical character of the foliage is equally different.
Thus of the plants growing in higher altitudes the
epidermis and subepidermal cells of the leaves are
thicker, the palissade tissue, so much concerned in
the assimilative processes, is much more developed
and richer in chlorophyll in those plants than when
growing in the plains.! Similarly Mr. Sorby found
that, by diminishing the exposure to light, a com-
plete alteration was produced in the relative
amount of colouring matters. "No red (erythro-
phyll) was developed, which was abundant in those
flowers exposed to the sun, and for an equal quan-
tity of petals (of Wallflower) only about one-third
the amount of yellow (xanthophy 11) , and yet about the
same quantity of chlorophyll and lichnoxanthine
were formed. The result was (continues Mr. Sorby),
that I had produced a temporary alteration in the
proportion of the colouring-matters which corre-
spond closely with what is the permanent condition
of a different natural variety, or even of a different
or closely allied species. Judging from certain facts
which have attracted my attention, I think it
extremely probable that in some cases natural
varieties may be imitated in a similar temporary
manner by reducing the constructive energy of the
plants by other means. "{

* See Origin of Floral Structures, p. 177.

t Boimier, in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr., 1887, p. 467.

1 Comp. Veg. Chromatology , p. 479.

Simultaneous Sporting.

The preceding observations appear to bear upon
a question about which I should be glad of additional
information, and that is the sporting of a species
in different localities at the same time. I have
been given to understand that this was the case
with zonal Pelargoniums, which sported in England,
France, and Germany simultaneously. Mr. J.Newhall
wrote in the Florist (1851, p. 75) : — " I have observed
that in some summers there have been complaints of
an unusual number of ' run ' flowers amongst Car-
nations, and that they will be pretty general in a
particular district." Lastly, Mr. Davis remarked, in

From the familiar fact that plants will not become
green without some degree of light and heat, we
somewhat rashly infer they cannot have too much,
at least of the former. In a few cases Nature tells
us plainly, by the yellowing of the foliage, when
too much light falls on them, as in Conifers and
Aucuba japonica, which has dark green leaves when
overshadowed, but yellow-spotted on the surface
of the bush and in the light. Mr. Sorby found the
proportion of chlorophyll to be as 150 to 31 in the
shaded and unshaded leaves of Aucuba respectively ;
but he discovered that in the common Holly, which
shows no difference to the eye, it was 100 : 62 ; for
a Lichen (Platysma glaucum) as 100 : 75, and for
the Sea-wrack (Fucus serratus) as 100 : 79. Hence,

Fig. 22. — a hybrid narcissus, (see text, p. 161.)

the Gardeners' Chronicle, January 12, 1889, p. 42 : —
" A variety (of Chrysanthemum) rarely seems to
sport in one place alone. It may show no inclina-
tion for many years, and then all at once sports
appear in all directions." What are the climatic
conditions which thus act on the plant it is difficult to
say, but light, possibly temperature, variations in the
ingredients of the atmosphere, as of ozone, &c, may
all conspire to affect the plant. It at least shows
how little as yet do we really understand the subject
of variation of colours of flowers !

The Dependence or Colours on Chlorophyll.

As colours, at all events, mainly directly or
indirectly depend on chlorophyll, the subject leads
one to reflect upon what may be the best conditions
for sustaining the assimilative powers of chlorophyll.

if we may generalise from these facts, we infer that
it is not complete, but a moderate exposure to light
which is best for foliage ; and as colours depend
upon foliage, then it is reasonable to expect that the
" best " colours will follow neither a too great nor a
too little exposure of the foliage. Here again is
another open field for research, as well as to find
out the best qualities of light as much as the best
quantity. George Henslow.

(To be continued.)

Wolverhampton Horticultural and

FLORAL Fete. — This exhibition, which took place
in the Public Park, on July 16, 17, and 18, appears
to have proved a most gratifying financial success.
It was the first of a new series of exhibitions
at Wolverhampton, and a balance of £600 has
resulted.

August 10, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

161

NARCISSUS JUNCIFOLIO x
MUTICUS.*

I was very glad to see from vour issue of July 20,
1889, p. 79, that Mr. C. Wolley Dod had sent bulbs
of this wild hybrid Narcissus to Kew. It has already
been described by Mr. Baker, both in these pages and
also in his excellent- handbook, Amaryllidacea:
Whatever I know of it is owing to the publications
of Mr. Baker and the courtesy of Mr. Dod, who
kindly sent rue fresh bulbs, which flowered in April
of the present year in the Botanical Gardens of
Trinity College, near Dublin.

It is one of the discoveries of Mr. Buxton, who
found it near Gavarnie, in the Pyrenees, growing
along with its supposed parents, N. juucifolius and
N. Pseudo-Narcissus var. muticus, no other Narcissus,
as Mr. Dod observes, being found within miles of its
habitat. Broadly speaking, this hybrid belongs to
the N. odorus section of the group, all of which, as
long ago pointed out by Herbert, are hybrids between
N. Jonquilla and the common Daffodil (N. Pseudo-
Narcissus), and their variations. N. juncifolius up
to the present time has been considered a distinct
species, but I doubt very much whether it is really
more than an outlying geographical form or phase of
N. jonquilla, and when we secure all the forms of these
two so-called species, no doubt they will be found to
slide into each other, and even as it is, they pretty
nearly do so.

My present intention, however, is to illustrate and
describe this new hybrid. The illustration (fig. 22,
p. 160), carefully made from fresh specimens, will speak
for itself ; and for description, I cannot do better than
quote Mr. Baker (v. Amaryllidacea', p. 13, No. 21).

" N. juncifolio-muticus, Baker. Leaves subterete,
bright green, J inch broad, deeply channelled down
the face. Peduncle slender, terete. Umbel 2 — 3
flowered ; pedicels 1 — 1.£ inch long. Perianth-tube
cylindrical, greenish-yellow, § inch long ; segments
ovate-oblong, spreading, lemon-yellow, i to § inch
long, nearly h inch broad ; corona obconic, orange-
yellow, k inch long, above J incli diameter at the
truncate erect throat. Style reaching half way up
the corona.

" Habitat. — Gathered in the Pyrenees in April,
1886, by E. W. Buxton, Esq., growing with its
parents."

I find in cultivation that the plant varies con-
siderably, bearing from one to four flowers on a
scape ; and while in some specimens the style is only
half the length of the corona, in others it is the full
length or nearly exserted. The flowers are pen-
dulous in their earlier stages, but, as in all Narcissi,
have a tendency to become erect with age. The
odour is fresh and spicy, a quality, no doubt, inherited
from its rush-leaved parent.

As Mr. C. W. Dod observes, the plant is of a
vigorous constitution, and, although not at all a
showy one, is nevertheless of great interest from a
botanical and biological point of view.

Mr. Dod tells us ( Gard. Citron., p. 79) that Mr.
Henry Buxton discovered this natural hybrid, while
Mr. Baker says in his Amaryllidacea, p. 13, that it
was found by Mr. E. W. Buxton — a little discrepancy,
which, slight as it is, should be cleared up at once
to prevent confusion. It is to be hoped that all those
who travel for business or pleasure among the wild
Narcissi of Europe, especially in southern France
and the Pyrenees, will keep a sharp look-out for
the natural hybrid and seedling vagaries which we now
know to exist more frequently among these flowers
than was at one time supposed. They are invaluable
for purposes of study and comparison. F. W.
Burbidge.

Plants and Their Culture.

The Greenhouse. — As Azaleas complete their
growth the plants should be put out-of-doors. The
aoft-wooded Ericas and Epacris may also be turned
out, but the pots must be protected from the mid-
day sun. The stock of Cinerarias and other spring
decorative plants should be examined, and another
sowing in a cold frame may yet be made if the quan-
tity be low. These plants will be useful for late
flowering in G-inch pots. If cuttings of named

* J. G. Baker, in Gard. Cliron., ixv., p. 648.

varieties be scarce they should be propagated with-
out delay. Sowings of Primula sinensis should be
made in the same way, using pots a size or two
smaller for the final potting. Plants of the above
now in pots should receive their last shift, not allow-
ing them to become pot-bound. A late sowing of
Calceolarias may now be made ; well saturate the
seed-pan before sowing the seed, and place the pans,
covered witli a piece of glass, in a north frame out of
the reach of slugs. Humea elegans may likewise be
sown. Mignonette should be sown in small pots in
a cold frame, sowing one of the large-flowered kinds
for this purpose, and thin out to one plant. For
early autumn blooming larger, say 5-inch, pots
may be used, leaving three plants in a pot and not
shifting.

Rhodanthes, Gomphrena globosa, and Schizanthus
should be sown, keeping the pans as near the glass
as possible, The early sown Campanulas should be
potted off, and a late sowing of Campanula pyra-
midalis may be made for succession. A good stock
of Coleus should be made, and put into small pots
for keeping through the winter. Liliums for late
flowering should be placed under a north wall to
retard growth. Tree Carnations ought now to be
growing on freely in their flowering pots, and as the
pots become full of roots, give liquid manure, and
place the plants in the open on a hard coal-ash
bottom. A few potted-on plants of Heliotrope will
be useful in the late autumn. Plumbago capensis
will be found of great service next spring ; these
may be readily struck from healthy cuttings now.
Vallota purpurea will now be coming into bloom
freely, and should be placed in the driest part of the
house, so as to preserve their blooms as long as pos-
sible, but plants showing their spikes should get
plenty of moisture. Zonal Pelargoniums for late
blooming ought now to have received their final
shift, and all the sun and light possible should be
afforded, so as to thoroughly ripen the wood. Any
plants which have been in bloom but are now past
their best should be well cut back, the soil partially
shaken out from the roots and repotted in the same
sized pots in a rich compost and placed in a cold
frame. When free growth has commenced, abun-
dance of air should be given ; these plants wilHorm a
succession to the earlier ones. Chrysanthemums
should be staked to prevent the shoots breaking off,
and as they fill their pots with roots and form their
buds plenty of water may be given. Tritonia aurea
should have liquid manure given occasionally to give
substance to their blooms. Achimenes should be
brought into a cool house to prolong their flowering
season, and Gloxinias also. Cyclamens should now
be growing freely, the yourg stock having received its
last shift into the flowering pots ; old plants should
have a large portion of the old soil shaken away and
repotted in the same sized pot with a good compost
of two parts fibrous loam, one part good decomposed
manure, a little peat and sand if the soil is heavy.
If the plants be infested with greenfly they should be
dipped in tobacco-water before repotting and fumi-
gated frequently afterwards. Tea Roses in pots re-
quiring a shift should be attended to as early
as possible to give the plants time to fill their
pots with roots, shortening back the long straggling
growths and keeping them free from mildew. Geo.
Wythes, Syon House, Brentford.

The Flower Garden.

Annuals and other Plants for Spring Flower-
ing should now be sown ; the best position is one
fully exposed to the sun, and the soil should be a
deep, light loam, or, if stiff, with plenty of drainage,
so as to insure the safe wintering of any plants left
in the seed-bed for planting-out in the new year. As
a rule, it is best to plant out in autumn, but in case
the winter prove severe, and destroy the plants,
a reserve should always be left in the seed-bed. The
following annuals are those most in favour for spring
flowering: — Candytufts, all the colours; Clarkia
pulchella. the dwarf kinds especially ; Collinsia
bicolor, Eschscholtzia californica, Godetia, dwarf
kinds, mixed colours ; Linaria bipartita, Nemo-
phila, mixed colours ; Sanvitalia procumbens,
and Silene pendula compacta. Sow the seeds
thinly in drills, and no thinning-out will be
needed until they are transplanted to their
flowering quarters. Pansies, Violas, Wallflowers,
Forget-me-Nots, Primroses, Daisies, and all other
plants that are intended for spring bedding will, if
they have grown strong, be all the better for lifting

and replanting ; and if the stock of any be short, it
may be increased by division.

Propagation. — There will now be abundance of
Pelargonium cuttings, and their propagation should
be completed forthwith. For this part of the
country the best way of treating the cuttings is to
insert them on a dry border in the open air, aud
as soon as well rooted, lift them, and plant in boxes
for the winter. In colder districts the cuttings
should be inserted in the boxes and have frame pro-
tection, fully exposing them on sunny days. Violas
and Pansies will, if shaded from sunshine, strike
well in the open air in all districts.

There is yet plenty of time for the propagation of
other kinds of bedding plants, but slight hotbeds
composed of leaves should be made up in readiness
for the earliest opportunity. No time should be lost in
putting in the full stock of Pinks. Piping and the
layering of Carnations ought also to be completed as
early as possible. I prefer to layer them on the
surface of the border, surrounding the layers with
mounds of good sandy loam pressed down rather
hard and kept constantly moist. Put in cuttings of
Roses. All kinds strike readily enough if the wood
be half ripened. A sunny bank is the best position,
and the cuttings should be put in firmly. Glass
coverings for winter protection would be desirable,
but coverings of litter or bracken in severe weather
will answer.

General Work. — This now mainly consists of the
maintenance of neatness by keeping bad and seeding
flowers picked off the plants, and the plants in foliage
beds pinched back. Tie up Dahlias, Hollyhocks,
and tall subtropicals as growth progresses, other-
wise the first gale may do much damage. After
this time one rarely sees Lobelias, Verbenas, and
Calceolarias in good condition, and the reason is
that care is not taken in the removal of bad flowers.
Verbenas should always be afforded plenty of water,
and never allowed to seed. The flowering points of
Lobelias should be occasionally sheared over, which
causes them to branch out lower down, and so keep
on flowering. Calceolarias should never be allowed
to carry all their flowers, and as soon as any are
faded thev ought to be picked off. W. Wildsmith,
Heel-field, Hants.

Fruits Under Glass.

— « —

Cucumbers should receive plenty of moisture
during the very hot sunny weather, giving liberal
supplies of manure-water, and copious syringings,
also damping the walls, borders, &c, when shutting
up the house in the afternoon. Though I am
generally in favour of the old plants being pulled
out, and young ones planted in their places, old
plants may be reinvigorated by well thinning out the
older growths, and leading on young shoots, keeping
the house close and moist, and top-dressing with
Mushroom-dung and loam. Stop all growths, thin
out the fruit, and tie in the shoots, not too thickly to
overcrowd. Cuttings can now be put in for winter
of some good strain, as Telegraph, inserting them in
48-sized pots, and gradually hardening them off, to
make short, sturdy growth.

Pines. — Plants which are swelling their fruit
should be assisted by a moist growing atmosphere ;
syringe the plants at shutting-up time in the after-
noon, and damp the beds between the plants, also
the paths and walls on fine sunny days, closing up
early in the afternoon that the thermometer may
rise to 90°, allowing 70° to 75° at night. Give
liberal supplies of manure-water when required.
Queens for starting early next season should be kept
in a quiet condition, by giving them gradually less
water and allowing a little more air. Others
to fruit in succession next season must still be kept
growing. Fruit now ripening should have a free
circulation of air, damping the paths occasionally
when very hot. Do not let the plants suffer for the
want of water ; but, at the same time, do not keep
them too wet. While stimulating younger plants to
grow, they should at the same time have plenty of air
to induce a sturdy growth ; look over them regularly
to see if water be required. Syringe gently on sunny
afternoons, damp the paths, &C, and give air in the
morning as soon as the sun's heat can be felt. Con-
tinue to pot suckers from old fruiting plants, plung-
ing them in a good bottom-heat ; keep close, and
syringe lightly in the afternoon, and until they
begin to root; give shading if very hot. Shading
has been very necessary this season at mid-day when
very hot sunshine has succeeded a few dull days.
W. Bennett, Eangcmore Gardens, Burton-on-Trint.

162

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 10, 1889.

Now ready, in cloth, 11a. 6d.

J HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
Vol. V., Third Series, JAN. to JUNE, 18S9.
W. RICHARDS. 41, Wellington Street. Strand. W.C.

APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.

MEETING.

L Royal Horticultural Society : Fruit
<i. 13-; ami Floral Committees, at West-

SHOWS.

TUESDAY, Arc;. 13— Clay Cross.

i Devon and Exeter.
WEDNESDAY, An;. 14- York Florist*.

THURSDAY, Aug. 15
FRIDAY,

( Sutton and Cheam.

* Taunton.
'( Maidenhead.

Aug. 16— Cheadle. Cheshire (two days).

«lTUPrnv A,c- 17 * National Co-operative at the t'rys-

SA± UitUAI , AUG. 1; ^ (al palace_

SALES.

THireaniv ,,,,. .-(Orchids in Flower and Bud, at

THURSDAY, Aug. 15-j steVens- Rooms.

rurnn- a ,-r. it I Imported and Established Orchids,

FRIDAY . AUG. lb -( at Protheroe & Morii8. Kooms

CORRECTED AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR THE ENSU-
ING WEEK, DEDUCED FROM THE OBSERVATIONS
OF FORTY-THREE YEARS, AT CHISWICK— 62°.5.

Although some time has elapsed
Railway Rates, since we last referred to this import-
ant subject, it must not be supposed
that the matter has not been receiving the atten-
tion which it deserves. From the reports con-
tained in the daily press and from information
which has been from time to time supplied to us
by those more immediately connected with the
subject as affecting the horticultural trade, we
gather that the objectors and the railway com-
panies hive had a busy time. There is little
doubt but that the Board of Trade were quite
unprepared for the enormous mass of objec-
tions which were lodged, and which numbered
nearly 4000. With such a task before them, it
is not to be wondered at that the authorities
should endeavour to establish a modus vii-endi
between the objectors and the railway companies.
1 '.ut unfortunately this has not yet been accom-
plished, and there appears to be some doubt as
to whether it ever will be. If the proposal which
was made by the promoters of the Railway and
Canal Traffic Act to the effect that the matter
should be referred to a Royal Commission for
the purpose of arriving at a proper classification
of merchandise had been adopted, the matter
would not now have been, as it really still is, at
the very commencement of the controversy. It
cannot be a matter of surprise (although it must
be of regret) that such a heterogeneous number
of objectors should not be at once prepared for
conjoint action. It is hoped, however, that any
difficulty of this nature has now been overcome,
and that in face of a common danger all trades
will unite in a common opposition to the pro-
posed classifications and rates. To the bodies of
objectors in the north of England must be given
the credit of first attempting, on behalf of the
objectors, the establishment of a modus vivendi,
but in our opinion it was a mistake on the part
of the Lancashire and Cheshire Conference
to make a descent on London, and to attempt
to role the movement to the exclusion of
all the southern bodies of objectors. Under
their auspices a meeting of all the objectors

was held at the Westminster Palace Hotel
on June 2S last, and although the resolu-
tions proposed were carried, there was, never-
theless, a spirit of discontent amongst many
Southerners at the way in which the Conference
was carried out. Notwithstanding this feeling,
the Lancashire and Cheshire Conference, armed
with the resolutions, met the representatives of
the railway companies on two occasions, at which
meeting the representative of the Board of
Trade was present, but no result was arrived at.
Seeing the cause of their failure when it was too
late to remedy it, the Lancashire and Cheshire
Conference did that which we think they would
have shown more judgment in doing at the outset,
namely, joined with others in inducing the Lord
Mayor to convene a meeting at the Mansion
House. This meeting was held on July 26 last,
and we think we are quite safe in saying that
never before has there been held a more repre-
sentative gathering. Every trade in any way
affected by the proposed classification and rates
was represented, and the Egyptian Hall was
filled to overflowing. A series of resolutions
was proposed and spoken to by some of the
leading commercial men of London, Liverpool,
Manchester, Birmingham, and numerous other
provincial towns, besides several members
of Parliament. Such a meeting cannot fail
to exercise a great influence in the settle-
ment of the matter, and we look to the Com-
mittee which was appointed (consisting of the
Lord Mayor as President, and representatives of
every Chamber of Commerce, Trade Association,
and County Council in the kingdom), with
confidence, and fully expect them to achieve that
which, individually, the various objectors would
be powerless to do. If any idea prevailed on the
part of either the Board of Trade or the Railway
Company that the matter would be dealt with in
a perfunctory manner, the Mansion House
meeting will at once dispel such an idea. We
are glad to see that the matter has now assumed
its present shape, and we shall watch with in-
terest its development, and have no doubt that
the Nursery and Seed Trade Association will also
keep diligent watch over the interests of the
community they represent, and be ready to act
when occasion serves.

TEA Rose RUBENS. -Our illustration (see
Supplement) is taken from one of the photographs
of Hoses which attracted so much attention at the
late Rose Conference, where they were exhibited by
Messrs. Byrne & Co., of Richmond. The variety is
of vigorous habit, with glossy foliage, large, globular,
solitary flowers, or rarely in trusses of two or three,
white, shaded with rose, and with a translucent,
glowing yellow centre. It was sent out by Robert,
in 1859, and must not be confounded witlt a H.P. of
the same name.

M. J, BERKELEY.— It may be of interest to
some of our readers to know that Berkeley's last
contribution to our pages was one on the diseases of
Tomatos. It will be found at p. 498 of our issue for
October 18, 1884. Berkeley's self-abnegation, not
only where science was concerned, but also where
his fellow-labourers were interested, will probably
never be fully known. Those interested in the
matter should turn to our columns for 1847, p. 779,
where Oidium Tuckeri is for the first time described
and figured, and wherein Berkeley alludes to the
microscopical studies of Mr. Tucker as an illustra-
tion of the desirability of encouraging a thorough
knowledge of the principles as well as the practice
of horticulture. Berkeley was so pleased with what
he saw of Mr. Tucker, that he paid him the com-
pliment of naming the fungus after him. Sulphur
is pointed out in that article as the remedy, and

anyone would suppose that this discovery was
made by Mr. Tucker. The same remedy was
employed by Mr. Kyle and by Mr. Wilmot.
The last named, we believe, received a sum of money
from the Trench Government as a reward, but, said
Berkeley in a letter dated December 8, 1880, a copy
of which we have before us, " Mr. Tucker, gardener
to Mr. John Slater, of Margate, ought to have re-
ceived it, as he was the first who successfully used
sulphur for Vine mildew. Mr. Tucker received hints
from myself and Mr. George Hoffmann that sulphur
was an effectual remedy for Peach mildew. The fact
is, I sacrificed myself to help Mr. Tucker, who was a
very intelligent cultivator."

Haarlem. — The General Royal Society for the
cultivation of flower-roots at Haarlem has issued its
schedule of prizes for its sixteenth show. This will
be the fourth large exhibition held at Haarlem. Such
shows are held every five years, on the same system
as the large exhibitions at Ghent (Belgium). The
last of the Haarlem shows was in 1885. On the
present occasion no fewer than 2513 prizes, consisting
of gold, gilt, silver, and bronze medals, are offered in
105 classes for Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcissus, Crocus,
Amaryllis, and miscellaneous bulbs and roots, as well
as for bouquets, &c, consisting of flowers of the
same class of plants. The show is established to
develop the bulb cultivation of the Haarlem country,
and from this special point it certainly cannot be
surpassed. It will be of great interest to foreign
horticulturists and lovers of bulbous flowers to pay a
visit to Haarlem at the time of the show, March 21
to 25, 1890. Information can be had from the General
Secretary, Mr. D. Barker, Gedempte Oude Gracht,
110, Haarlem, Holland.

The Misuse of Flowers.— We are delighted
to see Mr. Bruce Findlay raising his voice against
the silly "battle" of flowers, donkey decorations,
tasteless device-makings, and political prostitution of
what were intended for the enjoyment of all folk.
These things are not merely silly, but they do harm
by creating a positive distaste for flowers. The
ridiculous excess to which the use of flowers at
funerals has been carried, has crushed out the beau-
tiful sentiment that once existed, as the tenderness
of one's sympathies, and the depths of one's grief, are
now measured by the amount of the florist's bill !
The subjoined extract shows what they think of
such things in the North : —

" An exhibition of flowers, fruits, and plants was
opened in Peel Park, Salford, yesterday afternoon by
the Mayor. The exhibition is intended to encourage
the cultivation of cottage and window gardening
throughout the borough. Of the quality of the ex-
hibits, which were as in former years arranged in
tents, the judges were Mr. Bruce Findlay, Mr. R.
Tait, Mr. W. B. Upjohn, and Mr. J. Wright. The
exhibition surpassed in many classes any previous
effort of the kind. Especially was the improvement
noticeable amongst the cottagers' plants.

" In connection with the exhibition there was
luncheon for the promoters and judges. Mr. Bruce
Findlay, responding to the toast of ' The Judges,'
made a spirited protest against the wanton destruc-
tion of flowers. He said that flowers were the most
beautiful things in the world, and therefore served a
most useful purpose. They were useful when brought
together in happy congress for the inspection and
admiration of the public ; they served a holy purpose
when scattered up and down in the sick wards of our
hospitals. Flowers brightened up our homes and
beautified the earth, and were things to be prized
and cherished. It seemed hardly possible that such
lovely objects should be abused. Nevertheless, it
was so. Suppose it was announced that to-morrow
morning all the flowers in that building would be
cut, bunched together, and that the mayor, aldermen,
and councillors of Salford would be driven through
the streets and that they would pelt each other with
those flowers. He assumed that all sane people would
say that such an exhibition of imbecility was impos-
sible. Such an exhibition, however, did take place not

Supplement to "The Gardeners' Chronicle," August 10th 1889.

Ink PhOTQ". 5PB.

CANNON S*. LONDON. E :

Tea Rose "Rubens .

FROM A PHOTO BY BYRNES C° RICHMOND.

August 10, 1S89.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

163

many weeks ago at Blackpool, and was called the
" Battle of Flowers." One was disposed to doubt
the sanity of the people who would take part in such
childish folly. There was another abuse of flowers
he would name, and in doing so he was not going to
tread upon the forbidden ground of politics, inas-
much as they had something purer and better to talk
about. They all loved their native flowers, the
Primrose being a special favourite. He very much
feared that if the present craze continued, in a very
short time places in which this lovely flower had
grown for generations would know it no more."

THE CZAR PLUM.— Mr. Ronalds, of Chichester,
sends us a branch of this Plum, ladeu with fruit, but
rather smaller in size than usual. It is an oblong ovate
fruit, rounded at both ends, 1 { inch long, and nearly
as much wide ; purple, with a greyish bloom, with
a deep suture, and a slender stalk half its own length ;
stone pointed at both ends. The broad obovate
leaves are hairy on the under surface. It is a
valuable Plum, from its early ripening and fertility,
and as it ripens assumes a very dark colour,
It was raised by Mr. Rivers, and first sent out in
•1874.

Happy Thought i— a few days ago we had

occasion to apply to a trusty friend to whom we have
been under obligations on other occasions, to furnish
us with a report of a certain flower show. In due
time came the report, with a request that any re-
muneration we might be disposed to assign to the
writer, should be handed over to the Gardeners'
Orphan Fund. We cannot, for obvious reasons, un-
dertake to publish more than a very small propor-
tion of the reports that reach us, especially if they
are long, but the fact that we may possibly be doing
something to increase the funds of the Institution in
question, will certainly tend in some degree to in-
fluence our decision in the future, if our correspon-
dents will give us the chance.

A LIST OF DAFFODILS.— The beautifully illus-
trated catalogue just now issued by Mr. W. Baylor
Hartland, of Cork, deserves something more than
its mer« mention in our pages. Mr. Hartland
is such an enthusiastic cultivator of the Narcissus in
all its forms, and so constantly appears as their
champion that we are not surprised that he should
spend large sums of money in getting up a list
of all the kinds most worthy of cultivation in
a lovely and now much appreciated group of bulbous
plants. The illustrations, by Mr. Welch chiefly,
are from drawings by Miss Gertrude Hartland,
and faithfully reproduce the originals, as they
are seen in the favourable climate of the South of
Ireland. If it were only for the figures of the various
species and their varieties with which each of the
twenty-nine pages is embellished, the book would be
of value to amateurs as affording a good idea of the
appearance of the best Narcissi, as well as a ready-
means of identifying them. Many enthusiasts rind
tieir readiest utterances in yerse, and so we find
our Irish friend giving us the rather curious mixture
of price lists and descriptive notes, and sonnets
from Felicia Hemans, Wordsworth, and Mrs.
Sigournet, &c. The descriptive letterpress which
accompanies the illustrations is concise and to the
point, and is printed in good bold type.

Catalogue of Varieties of Wheat.—
M. Henry L. de Vilmorin has just published a syste-
matic catalogue of the varieties of Wheat with their
.synonyms. It is based upon a list compiled by his
father, and issued in 1850 ; but so great has been the
progress that at least half the Wheats now in cultiva-
tion are unrepresented in it. M. II. L. de Vilmorin, in
adding to the original list, has taken the opportunity
of revising it and of modifying the classification.
Wheats are here classified into six subdivisions : —
The soft Wheats, derived from Triticum sativum ;
the turgid Wheats, from T. turgidum ; the hard
Wheats, from T. durum ; the Polish Wheats from
T. polonicum ; the Spelts, from T. spelta ; the " ami-

donniers " (a form of spelt), from T. amylaceum ;
and the one-grained Wheat from T. monococcum.
Minor subdivisions depend on the presence or
absence of beards, the downiness or smoothness of
the chaff, the colour of the grain, &c. Under these
six subdivisions are ranged fifty sections, each with
a large number of representatives, so that on the
whole some four hundred or more varieties are
enumerated. Woodcuts are given, and an alpha-
betical index. We do not find any reference to the
results of the important experiments made by
Messrs. Carter.

Gardening at Penzance.— The new Penzance
public park promises to give a great impetus to
acclimatization. One of its features is to be a Palm-
grove, where tourists may fancy themselves in the
tropics or on the Mediterranean shores. The
garden will be among the leading attractions of
the place. Certainly Penzance winters are very
mild (thanks mainly to the Gulf Stream influence),
and though in the latitude of fifty degrees, the
winter cold is hardly as severe as in Lombardy
or Tuscany. Thus sub-tropical or even tropical
plants do not run much risk from frost ; the only
difficulty is that the summer sun is hardly warm
enough to develop them as in their native climes.

Forking in the Fronds of Ferns. — M.

Guebhard, in a recent number of the Comptes Bcndus,
attributes the division of the fronds of Scolopendrium
and other Ferns to the puncture of an insect, or the
attack of a parasitic fungus, but offers no direct
evidence in support of his hypothesis.

New Fields for Exploration.— The inspec-
tion of the handsome Spiraia described on p. 1-6,
Aug. 3, under the name Ivamtschatika, suggests the
desirability of some of our enterprising nurserymen
sending collectors to that little-known but most
lovely island. That much in the way of hardy
herbaceous plants and shrubs may be expected is
evident from the admirable account of the island
given in Dr. Guillemard's Cruise of the Marckesa re-
viewed in our columns. The account there given
should certainly send all the plant-collectors and
all lovers of fine scenery to Kamtschatka. Central
China is another district whence novelties and
interesting plants are literally pouring in to the
herbaria, and inviting the collector to try his luck.

Agricultural Products in the United
STATES. — According to the official returns of the
American Minister of Agriculture, the following
was the value of the products raised in the Republic
in the financial year ending June, 1887 : — Potatos,
78,441,940 dols., of which were exported to the
value of 258,694 dols. ; Sweet Potatos (the Batatas
edulis), 20,400,000 dols. ; Peas and Beans, 13,800,000
dols., of which were exported 450,000 dols. ; other
vegetables, 68,000,000 dols., of which were ex-
ported 250,518 dols. ; fruits, 175,000,000 dols., of
which were exported 1,601,979 dols.; grass seeds,
15,000,000 dols., of which were exported 638,329
dols. Wine production, 10,000,000 dols.

■ A Children's Flower Show at Ealing —

A somewhat novel exhibition, promoted by the
Ealing, Acton, and Hanwell Horticultural Society,
recently took place in the Victoria Hall, Ealing.
For a few years past prizes have been offered at the
summer show in July for contributions of bouquets
from children attending the elementary schools, and
so large a number was staged, involving so much
additional labour on the show day, that the com-
mittee resolved to make a separate exhibition of it,
and it took place on July 24. in the new Public Hall.
Prizes were offered for the best bouquet of garden
flowers, and for one of wild flowers and grasses ; and
also for a plate of flowers and foliage made up by the
children in the Hall. In the class for a bouquet of
wild flowers and grasses 188 were staged ; in that for
a bouquet of garden flowers, fifty ; and ten plates
were filled by the youthful exhibitors. The competi-

tion was very keen in the two first-named classes, and
the judges, who had to award over 100 prizes, had a
difficult and long task set them. Among the extra
prizes were over fifty cakes, presented by sympathising
confectioners. Groups of plants and collections of
cut flowers from Mr. J. Roberts, of Gunnersbury
Park, and others, helped to make up a very pleasant
show. During the afternoon the Rev. Professor
Henslow discoursed on wild flowers, and what they
teach, illustrating his words by living plants and
diagrams. In the evening the prizes were presented
by Mr. George Deal, who has taken great interest
in the exhibition. In connection with it there was
a sale of the flowers in aid of the Gardeners' Orphan
Fund.

Fertilisers for Plants.— For no one manure

can the same amount of infallibility be asserted, for
none can so universal an application be proclaimed
as for So-and-So's cosmopolitan pills. Every gar-
dener, too, knows, what the public appears not tr>
realise in the case of physic, that a manure which
may be excellent at one time or for one plant, may
be useless or even injurious at another. Gardeners,
too, are often made to pay an exorbitant price for
an article otherwise good. This was made apparent
some years since, when we published a series of
analyses of popular manures and insecticides. All
of these proved good in their way, but the prices
charged were in most instances extremely high. Any
village chemist capable of compounding a prescrip-
tion for a cow can mix a preparation suitable for
plants under different circumstances, but as an aid
to gardeners and others we cite the following from
a recent number of the Jardin. They or something
equivalent have often been cited before, but the pro-
portions of the several ingredients have not always
been stated in so convenient a fashion. Dr. Jeannel's
prescription, containing, as it does, notable propor-
tions of nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potash, is of
general utility, though, indeed, the amount of potash
in the soil is rarely deficient : —

Nitrate of ammonia

... 380 parts,

Biphosphate of ammonia

... 300 „

Nitrate of potash

... 260 „

Biphosphate of lime

... 50 „

Sulphate of iron

... 10 „

For flowering plants in pots the following mixture
is recommended : —

Superphosphate of lime ...

Sulphate of lime

Nitrate of soda

Sulphate of ammonia
Chloride of potassium

For foliage plants in beds :

Superphosphate of lime ...

Nitrate of soda

Chloride of potassium
Sulphate of lime

4 parts.

I parts.

:< ..

1 ,,

1 ..

300 grammes (say J lb.) to be used per square yard)
at the time of planting. By citing it in this fashion
the quantity to be made may be large or small. M.
le Marquis de Paris recommends for foliage plants
in pots : —

Nitrate of soda
Sulphate of ammonia
Superphosphate of lime
- Sulphate of lime ...
Chloride of potassium

1 part.
1 ..

For flowering plants in beds :—

Nitrate of soda
Superphosphate of lime
Chloride of potassium
Sulphate of lime

! parts.

Of these mixtures a teaspoonful should be used in a
gallon of water once a week.

Warwick Amateurs and Cottagers' Hor-
ticultural SOCIETY. — The ninth exhibition took
place in the grounds of Warwick Castle on July 31,
and proved as successful as any which preceded it.
Competition is confined to bond fide amateurs and
cottagers, and during the nine years the Society has
existed, it has done much to spread abroad a know-

164

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 10, 1889.

ledge of and taste for gardening in Warwick and its
environs. Two of the most active and hardworking
of the members of the committee are Mr. R. Green-
field of the Priory Gardens, 'and Mr. A. D. Christie,
of Warwick Castle Gardens. The leading exhibitors
of plants in the amateurs' division were Mr. James
Bayly, Mr. J. Boswell, and Miss Garrington, who
makes a specialty of Ferns. Mr. Ivens proved highly
successful in the fruit classes. Mr. S. W. Cook
( Mayor) led for Cherries. In the vegetable depart-
ment, in which the produce was very fine, the lead-
ing prize winners were Messrs. Ivens, Bussell, Gre-
gory, Hart, Horne, W. Clarke, Lynes, Parsons,
Payton, and T. Smith. In the cottagers' department
some excellent plants were shown. Honorary exhibits
greatly helped the show. Then Mr. R. Greenfield and
Mr. A. D. Christie sent collections of plants. Messrs.
T. Hewitt & Co., Solihull, sent a collection of plants
and cut flowers in variety. Messrs. E. Wf.bb & Sons,
Wordsley, Stourbridge, sent a collection of Peas.
Mr. E. Perkins, Regent Street, Leamington, had
bouquets.

Frome Horticultural Society.— The annual

exhibition was held on Bank Holiday, and was a very
good one, the competition being keen, and the exhibits
generally first-rate. Cottagers' produce was of excel-
lent quality. Fruit was shown by Mr. Pratt, gr., Long-
leat ; Mr. Strugnell, gr., Willow Vale ; and others.
Needless to say, it left little to be desired. Mr.
Pratt's group of stove and greenhouse plants attained
chief honours in its class.

Canadian Apples.— By the courtesy of Prof.
Saunders and the Secretary of the Ontario Fruit
Growers' Association, we learn that the Apple
crop will be considerably under average. The
Baldwins are not bearing this year, and the frost
of May 29 froze the Apples on the trees in a great
part of the chief Apple region of this Province. The
only kinds of which it is likely there will be any
quantity for export are Greenings and King's.

Romsey Horticultural Society. — This
exhibition was held on Bank Holiday, in Broadlands
Park, and was in every way successful. Mr. Budd,
gr. to F. G. Dalgetty, scored the highest honours for
stove and greenhouse plants, as also for fruit. Mr.
Fowler, gr. to the Hon. Evelyn Ashley, and Mr.
Budd kept the ball between them pretty much as
regard fruit. Vegetables were well shown, Mr.
Evans securing 1st prize. Cut flowers were of mode-
rate merit. The judges were Mr. Cox, and Mr.
Warden, of Clarendon Gardens.

STACHYS. — MM. Pailleux & Bois have recently
published in the Bcvue des Sciences Naturelles Appli-
rjm'es an account of Stachys affinis, the root-stocks
of which have been introduced as a vegetable under
the name of Crosnes by M. Pailleux. In the present
note the history of the plant, already made known
to our readers by M. Naudin, is given. The analysis
given shows 78 per cent, of water, P50 of nitro-
genous matters, 1'67 of amides, and 16 5 per cent, of
" galactane " — a newly discovered carbohydrate — a
substance allied to dextrine, and intermediate be-
tween sugar and starch. In the dry state the per-
centage of this substance is stated to be as high as
76 7, so that the nutritive value is high, particularly
as the proteic matters are cited as 66 per cent. We
refer our readers to our account at p. 10, January 7,
1888, with a figure, and to the analysis made by
Professor Church, at p. 708, December 1.5 of the
same year, which apparently has not come under the
notice of the authors.

Royal Scottish Arboricultural Society.

— The annual general meeting of the Royal Scottish
Arboricultural Society took place on the Gth inst. in
the lecture-room of the Royal Botanic Garden,
Edinburgh. Mr. M'Corquodale, sen., Scone, vice-
president, was called to the chair, and delivered an
address, hailing as a happy sign the appointment
of Dr. Somerville to the chair of Forestry in
the University of Edinburgh. Dr. Schlich,

Cooper's Hill College, and Professor Sargent, Cam-
bridge, Mass., were elected honorary members.
Mr. Slater, Hayston, Peebles, gave in the report of
the judges on the following competitive essays: —
" On Abnormal Growths on Forest Trees," com-
mended— Robert Coupar, forester, Ashford, Galway.
" On the Effect of the Railway and Canal Traffic Act,
1888, in relation to Forestry," bronze medal — Mr. A.
T. Williamson, Corstorphine. " On the Creation of
Leasehold Timber Farms," No. 2 silver medal, Mr.
A. T. Williamson. " On the Commercial Aspect of
Bark Peeling," bronze medal, Mr. Williamson. " On
the Old and Remarkable Yews in Scotland," gold
medal, Mr. Hutchison, Carlowrie. " tin the For-
mation of Plantations," bronze medal, Mr. Anthony
Simpson, assistant forester, Alloa Park, Alloa. " On
the Best Method of Seasoning Different Timbers,"
No. 2 silver medal, Mr. John Annand, Bruckley
Castle, Aberdeenshire. The Secretary read a letter
which the Council proposed to send to Lord Lothian,
urging that the recommendation of the Select Com-
mittee for the formation of a Board of Forestry
might be carried into effect, and that eventually
Schools of Forestry might be established, one of
which might be in Edinburgh. Dr. Cleghorn said
the question of the Forestry Board was advancing,
and he appreciated the significance of the appoint-
ment of Dr. Somerville in Edinburgh. The meeting,
on the motion of Mr. Dunn, awarded its thanks to
Professor Balfour for his energy in retaining the
Botanic Garden as Crown property instead of hand-
ing it over to the University, as was proposed in the
University Bill.

The Wild Flowers of Scotland.— On the

2nd and 3rd inst. an exhibition was held in Aber-
deen for the benefit of the Aberdeen Sick Children's
Hospital. The show consisted of bouquets of wild
flowers from children in Scotland, and was promoted
by the proprietors of The People's Friend, a Scotch
paper. The sum of £1G0 was the result of this
venture, and will be handed over to the above-named
Institution.

SCIADOPITYS VERTICILLATA.— The largest speci-
men which I know, says Mr. Rein in the Industries
of Japan, and which Japan can properly show, is
found in a temple court in Nikko. Lehmann, who
reckoned the height 24 metres, and the circumference
at 415 metres, was told that the tree was 250 years
old, an estimate that agrees very well with the age
of the park in which it was found.

NEW PUBLICATIONS. — Fallow and Fodder Crops,
by John Wrightson, M.R.A.C, &c. (London : Chap-
man & Hall, Limited). — Directory of Cromer (Lon-
don: Jarrold & Sons, 3, Paternoster Buildings).
— The Newsagent, No. 1 (London : 21 and 24, Temple
Chambers. E.C.) -Holiday Handbooks: No. 3, The
Moselle ; No. 5, The Hart; Mountains ; and Tourist's
Travel Talk. Edited by P. Lindley (London : 125,
Fleet Street, E.C).

Notices of Books.

darwinism: an exposition of the theory
of Natural Selection, with some of
its Applications. By Alfred Russel Wallace,
LL.D., &c. (Macmillan & Co.)

{Second Notice).

Darwinism applied to Man. The Spiritual Life.

By far the most interesting and novel chapter
in the book is the last. It is the only one in which
the author really, or apparently, breaks away from
Darwinian principles. His former chapters have been
exclusively devoted to the illustration or to the
expansion of the theory of natural selection as ex-
pounded by Darwin ; but in his chapter on " Darwin-
ism as applied to Man," Dr. Wallace propounds
different views. The material construction of
man presents no fundamental difference from
that of animals. Whether the notion is agreeable
to him or not, the fact remains that man cor-
poreally is an animal, his conformation is the same,
the mode of his development and growth is so

absolutely identical that up to a comparatively late
stage of development it is impossible to say from
mere inspection whether the embryo will develop
into a dog or into a man. All this may now be
looked upon as certain as anything can be.
The evidence is overwhelming and conclusive. But
as to the faculties that distinguish man from the
beasts of the field — conscience and the mental and
moral nature — Dr. Wallace strongly opposes the
notion that they have any continuity or relation
to the phenomena witnessed in animals. This is
not the place to enter at length into a discussion of
so important a matter. It must suffice briefly to
indicate the nature of the arguments made use
of by Dr. Wallace. In the first place he alludes to
the mathematical faculty, its almost total absence in
savages, its sudden outburst, and its wonderful de-
velopment in quite recent times, facts hardly com-
patible with the usual measured course of small begin-
nings, progressive development' and adaptation.
Similar remarks are made with reference to the origin
and diffusion of the artistic and musical faculties, and
to the possession of the faculty of wit and humour.

" The special faculties we have been discussing,"
continues Dr. Wallace, " clearly point to the exist-
ence in man of something which he has not derived
from his animal progenitors — something which we
may best refer to as being of a spiritual essence or
nature, capable of progressive development under
favourable conditions. On the hypothesis of this
spiritual nature, superadded to the animal nature of
man, we are able to understand much that is other-
wise mysterious or unintelligible in regard to him,
especially the enormous influence of ideas, principles,
and beliefs over his own life and actions. Thus alone
we can understand the constancy of the martyr, the
unselfishness of the philanthropist, the devotion of
the patriot, the enthusiasm of the artist, and the
resolute and persevering search of the scientific
worker after Nature's secrets. Thus we may perceive '
that the love of truth, the delight in beauty, the
passion for justice, and the thrill of exultation with
which we hear of any act of courageous self-sacrifice,
are the workings within us of a higher nature which
has not been developed by means of the struggle for
material existence."

As to the difficulty on this view in conceiving the
introduction and occurrence of new causes and in-
fluences in the chain of continuity, we are reminded
that there are in all living beings three stages when
some new cause or power must necessarily have come
into action.

" The first stage is the change from inorganic to>
organic, when the earliest vegetable cell, or the
living protoplasm out of which it arose, first appeared.
This is often imputed to a mere increase of com-
plexity of chemical compounds ; but increase of
complexity, with consequent instability, even if we
admit that it may have produced protoplasm as a
chemical compound, could certainly not have pro-
duced living protoplasm — protoplasm which has the
power of growth and of reproduction, and of that
continuous process of development which has resulted
in the marvellous variety and complex organisation
of the whole vegetable kingdom. There is in all this
something quite beyond and apart from chemical
changes, however complex ; and it has been well
said that the first vegetable cell was a new thing in
the world, possessing altogether new powers — that of
extracting and fixing carbon from the carbon dioxide
of the atmosphere, that of indefinite reproductions,
and still more marvellous, the power of variation
and of reproducing those variations till endless com-
plications of structure and varieties of form have
been the result. Here, then, we have indications of
a new power at work, which we may term vitality,
since it gives to certain forms of matter all those
characters and properties which constitute life.

" The next stage is still more marvellous, still
more completely beyond all possibility of explanation
by matter, its laws and forces It is the introduction
of sensation or consciousness, constituting the funda-
mental distinction between the animal and vegetable
kingdoms. Here all idea of mere complication of
structure producing the result is out of the question.
We feel it to be altogether preposterous to assume
that at a certain stage of complexity of atomic con-
stitution, and as a necessary result of that complexity
alone, an ego should start into existence — a thing
that feels — that is conscious of its own existence.

August 10, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS" CHRONICLE.

165

Here we have the certainty that something new has
arisen — a being whose nascent consciousness has
gone on increasing in power and definiteness till it
has culminated in the higher animals. No verbal
'explanation or attempt at explanation — such as the
statement that life is the result of the molecular
forces of the protoplasm, or that the whole existing
organic universe from the amreba up to man was
latent in the fire-mist from which the solar system
was developed — can afford any mental satisfaction,
or help us in any way to a solution of the mystery.

" The third stage is, as we have seen, the
existence in man of a number of his most
characteristic and noblest faculties — those which
raise him furthest above the brutes, and open
up possibilities of almost indefinite advancement.
These faculties could not possibly have been deve-
loped by means of the same laws which have deter-
mined the progressive development of the organic
world in general, and also of man's physical organism.
These three distinct stages of progress from the
inorganic world of matter and motion up to man,
point clearly to an unseen universe — to a world of
spirit— to which the world of matter is altogether
subordinate. To this spiritual world we may refer
the marvellously complex forces which we know as
gravitation, cohesion, chemical force, radiant force,
and electricity, without which the material universe
could not exist for a moment in its present form, or
perhaps not at all . . . and still more surely can we
refer to it those progressive manifestations of life in
the vegetable, the animal, and man, which we may
classify as unconscious, conscious, and intellectual
life ..."

" We thus find that the Darwinian theory, even
when carried out to its extreme logical conclusion,
not only does not oppose, but lends a decided support
to, a belief in the spiritual nature of man. It shows
us how man's body may have been developed from
that of a lower animal form under the law of natural
selection ; but it also teaches us that we possess in-
tellectual or moral faculties which could not have
been so developed, but must have had another
origin ; and for this origin we can only find an
adequate cause in the unseeu universe of Spirit."

With this extract we must close our notice of a
book which appeals to the curiosity, the intelligence,
the sympathy of all readers.

service as the home of a public library, as is the case
in the recently-acquired park at Hammersmith. The
work of improvement is progressing, and is under
the superintendence of Mr. Kempsell, who has been
on the grounds for some time past.

CLISSOLD PARK.

As time progresses, London extends itself more
and more into the suburbs, and the open surround-
ings of to-day soon become covered with bricks
and mortar, and the atmosphere becomes more
smoke-laden and unhealthy. In view of this, it is
gratifying to find open spaces secured to the inha-
bitants. The London County Council and the
Public Gardens Association deserve the thanks
of the dwellers in North London, and especially
of Stoke Newington and Islington, for the support
given to local effort in the purchase of Clissold
Park, the latest addition to the public parks of
London. On p. 107 of our issue for July 27, the
opening of this park, which took place on July 24,
was referred to. The estate comprises over 50 acres,
which is being laid out with walks, &c, and a fine
ornamental lake has been formed. The New River
runs round and through a portion of the park, and
the illustration on p. 16ti shows a portion on the south
border, with the public road on the outside. Several
very fine Horse Chestnut trees are in this neigh-
bourhood, and overhang the water, which averages
about 30 feet in width.

In the other illustration, fig. 24, p. 1G7, the house
is shown which was formerly the residence of the
owner of the park, Mr. Crawshay. The water is
again that of the New River taking its course through
the grounds. On the right-hand side of the view is
an Oak tree, and in the opposite corner a fine Poplar
is partly shown. Other trees in the park are chiefly
Cedars, Lime3, Elms, and Chestnuts. Close to the
house are several old Laburnum trees, the trunk of one
measuring quite 2 feet in diameter, and out in the
park directly across from the house is a large Thorn
tree, a very conspicuous object.

No doubt when things are settled down, the park
will be enlivened by flower-beds, of which there are
none at present, and the house may be found of

Orchid Notes and Gleanings.

VANDA KIMBALLIANA.
Many plants of this beautiful and distinct species
are sending up their flower-spikes in Messrs. Hugh
Low & Co.'s Nursery, Clapton. The flowers are
borne to the number of six or seven, on slender up-
right spikes of about 1 foot in height (the collector
saw fifteen flowers on a spike), and they are as large
as those of V. Amesiana, which approaches it the
nearest in relationship, but is vastly different in
structure. The sepals and petals of V. Kimballiana
are white, with the prominent nervures tinged with
purple. The side lobes of the labellum, which have
a curious crescent-shaped continuation, are yellow,
marked with rich brown; the broad serrated front
lobe is of the most intense violet-crimson, imparting
to the flower a showy appearance. Like the species
V. Amesiana it grows freely and flowers with cer-
tainty, and doing so more vigorously in cool, shady,
unheated houses in which, at this nursery, the main
stock of the plant is placed ; the others standing in
warm houses for experiment are not nearly so
vigorous. J. O'B.

Satvbiums in Flowek.

These handsome Cape terrestrial Orchids promise
a fine show in the small, unheated house devoted to
them in Mc Arthur's nursery, Maida Vale, W.
Already some fine yellow species have their flowers
expanded, and many stout spikes of the rosy red S .
carneum princeps are well advanced. The tubers
were potted up much in the same way as Hyacinth
bulbs would be, and apparently they are not more
difficult to flower when properly grown.

Lycaste Smeeana.

This delicately-tinted, profuse, and almost per-
petual blooming species has been in great beauty at
the London Nursery, Maida Vale, for some time
past. Its flowers are white with rose lip, and com-
pared with Lycaste Skinneri it exhibits other differ-
ences than the protracted season of bloom.

American Cypbipediums.

A tramp through the swamps and wet hillsides of
Lee, Berkshire Co., Mass., U.S.A., at this season
of the year (June), will disclose a great many wild
flowers of great beauty ; but what will most attract a
stranger's attention is the great quantity of Cypripe-
dium spectabile ; in certain sections they can be
counted by the thousand, and no prettier sight can be
seen in the woods than a mass of this grand Lady's
Slipper. This spring has been very wet, and they
seem more beautiful than ever ; some of them have
grown from 3 to 4 feet in height, and have three flowers
open on a single spike, and in fact single flowers
are rare. Cypripedium spectabile is always found
growing in wet ground ; and often, while walking
though a swamp up to one's knees in water, this
plant will be found growing from a clump of de-
cayed Pern root as from a fallen tree ; they are
never in the water, but often surrounded by it.

Some of the mountains in this section are very
springey, and there also can be found C. spectabile.
1 have seen it planted in dry ground, but it does not
grow so strongly, nor are the flowers so large ; but
they are much brighter. I think they could be
made to grow in almost any garden, planted in a
moist, hardy fernery, or in a bunch of shrubbery
where it is moist all the year round, giving
a top-dressing of leaf-soil every fall. I know
it is a difficult matter to get good stout crowns
to start with in England, but plant them in
a suitable place and they will increase very rapidly ;
they want a deal of shade in summer, and in winter

all the light possible. Here all through the summer
they are covered with grass, Ferns and underbush,
besides the shade from the trees, but in winter the
leaves are off the trees, and they are fully exposed to
the sun, which is very bright during the later part
of the winter and early spring ; they are never to be
found growing under evergreen trees. Here in
winter it is very cold, the glass often falling to 20°
below zero, and I have known it to be below zero for
over a week at a time, so they do not want much
protection in England.

Cypripedium acaule and C. pubescens are also
very plentiful here. C. pubescens is found in similar
places to C. spectabile, sometimes growing right in
water. C. acaule is found in drier locations ; they
seem to like an open place in the woods, where
there is plenty of decayed leaves and not too much
undergrowth. I have planted all three varieties
among the shrubbery in the garden of D. Witt
Smith, Esq., and they do well. I also force them in
winter. I dig them in summer when in flower, put
them in boxes, let them get a good freezing, put
them in the Fern-house in December, and they are
in bloom by March. Edward Norman, Mass., U.S.A.

Home Correspondence.

Correspondents will greatly oblige by sending early
intelligence of local events likely to be of interest to
our readers, or of any matters which it is desirable to
bring under the notice of horticulturists.
Photographs or drawings of gardens, or of remarkable
plants, flowers, trees, c\c, are also solicited.

THE LATE REV. M. J. BERKELEY. — It has been
my privilege for the last ten or twelve years to spend
many a pleasant hour in the company of this gentle-
man in walking and admiring plants and trees that
were known to him thirty years or more previously,
and he would point out the progress made in many
of them, notably coniferous trees, many of which he
remembered when planted, and had watched their
progress till they made handsome specimens from
50 to 70 feet in height. Writing as a gardener, one
could not be in his company for long before finding
out that he possessed a great knowledge of fruits,
flowers, and vegetables, and his vast intellect and
kindly tongue were ever ready to impart useful
information on those subjects. It mattered not
whether it was Grapes, Melons, Peaches, Plums,
Apples, Pears, Potatos, Cabbages, and other vege-
tables, herbaceous and alpine plants, trees, shrubs,
or forest trees, he was always well versed in the
latest introductions, of their merits and drawbacks,
and could also speak of the long list of good old
kinds of fruits, flowers and vegetables that had come
under his notice during sixty years. His memory
was marvellous, and when last I had the pleasure of
walking round the gardens here with him a few years
ago— he being then in his eighty-third year— it was
astonishing how readily he would give me the names
of common British plants that I wished to know.
It is very few men I have seen at that age with so
quick and correct a memory. Many gardeners who
have seen his noble countenance at the Royal Horti-
cultural Society will never forget him. His portrait
in last week's Gardeners' Chronicle is a speaking
likeness. A. Harding, Orion Hall Gardens, Peter-
borough.

LONDON TREES.— May I add to your suggested
additions to trees suitable for London, two more?
One is the Acacia (Robinia) ; it is largely used
abroad, and in some places in England (Bath for
instance), with good effect, not singly, but mixed
with others. The other is a tree much used abroad,
but seldom used in England, but very effective— I
mean the Lime with large leaves, white underneath,
and semi-double, very sweet-scented flowers (I do
not know its botanical name). I think there is one
objection to the Salisburia— that its leaves are so
easily blown off by the slightest wind. Any one
interested in the planting of London trees should
go to Gray's Inn Road to show how easy it is to
make mistakes. The trees there are planted so
close to the houses that they cannot remain where
they are; but there is no chance of their remaining
—more than half are already dead ; and they all

166

THE GA R BE NEBS' CHBONICLE.

[August 10, 1889.

give a good lesson on the evils of over-staking. It
looks as if the trees were planted for the sake of the
stakes, and instead of an avenue of Plane trees there
is an avenue of dead trees and stakes, with a slight
scattering of leaves. While agreeing with you as to
the successful planting on the Embankment, I think
the time has come to prepare for judicious thinning.
Eventually it will be much improved by the removal
of every alternate tree, and if preparation is made at
once by the gradual removal of the side branches, in
three or four years the trees can be removed without
leaving any perceptible gap. Henry N. Ellacomhe,
Bitton Vicarage, Gloucestershire.

THE CATERPILLAR PLAGUE.— I have been much
interested in the reports of the fruit crops, and the
destructive caterpillars connected therewith. I have
followed the pursuit of an entomologist, as well as
that of a gardener, for the last twenty years, and my
observations allow me to say that the larvae of the
order Lepidoptera and Coleoptera are, as a rule, far
more injurious to the Apple and Pear crop than
•dimatological influences. First, I think, ranks the

which would have deposited some 300 eggs. Total
destroyed on this one tree, 6,600. On a Winter
Queening Apple tree orchard standard, I caught 631
females of the Winter Moth, so here I destroyed
126,200 eggs. The two Tortrix larva; I am unable
at present to cope with ; they make for themselves a
little house by rolling two leaves of an Apple or a
Pear tree together near a cluster of flowers, and
coming out at night time feed on the flowers, or
rather the pistils and stamens of the flowers.
Another insect very common in Apple orchards is
the green pug, destroying in the larva; state a very
great number of the flowers, feeding only on the
inner portion of the Apple and Pear flowers,
if. B. E., Three Codes, Brcconshire.

If gardeners and fruit growers can only

rid themselves or keep clear of caterpillars by
such a simple remedy as a ring of cart-grease
round the trunks of the trees, we shall not much
longer be bothered with these destructive insects,
which have proved so fatal to the Apple crop during
the last few years by attacking the fruit and
eating up the leaves, as the cart-grease is easy of

decay. The frequent small showers which serve to
keep the foliage almost constantly moist, however
help to develop the fungus rapidly, so that it spreads
fast. There is already some complaint as to diseased
tubers, but the bulk so far have been sound. There
is much greater size in the tubers than was the case
when first affected with disease last year, and the
general crop is correspondingly greater. Potatos are
so cheap that prior to the development of the disease
it was difficult to sell at from Is. dd. to 2s. per bushel.
Now buyers are dubious as to keeping, and purchase
only from hand to mouth, so that the sale is
slow. As to the general outcome of the first earliest
little anxiety is shown, as the crop is carted off to
market just as fast as the tubers can be sold. The
bulk of the late crop in the fields is comprised of
Magnum Bonum, and that variety still keeps pretty
sound amidst the worst] development of the disease.
That there would have been, but for this disease
attack, a wonderful crop of Potatos was evident.
Even as it is, there can be little doubt, so much
headway have all the late breadths made, that the
supply will be still plentiful and cheap. Owing to

Pig. 23.— clissold pake, (see p. 165.)

Winter Moth (Cheimatobia brumata), and next
to it come Tortrix moths. Where the Mottled
Umber Moth occurs in numbers, they also prove
very destructive. The Winter Moth and the
Mottled Umber are easily destroyed, the females
of these species being wingless. The whole genus
Hybernia has wingless females, which emerge from
the pupa; during the autumn and winter months. I
am afraid cart-grease applied direct to the trees
would injure them, and I use glue-size and whitening
made rather thick. A band of this is painted round
the tree 4 feet from the ground, and about 9 inches
wide ; when cold, the cart-grease is daubed over the
band. For young trees with smooth bark a piece of
brown-paper smeared with cart-grease may be tied
on, and this I know answers well. Last winter
I kept an account of insects taken from two
Apple trees: on a small Keswick Codlin, a
pyramid, I tied a piece of brown paper smeared
with cart -grease and caught 32 -wingless
females of the Winter Moth, each of which would
have laid eggs at the rate of 200 to 230 ; so taking
200 as the average number of eggs, I thus destroyed
6,000. On the same tree I caught two females of
the Mottled Umber (Hybernia defoliaria), each of

application, and cheap in the bargain. Thi6*is not
the case with most insecticides, and what we want is
something low in price that will do its work in the
way of killing aphis without harming foliage or fruit.
The need of this is felt this year, as almost every-
where Plums and Cherries have been ruined by fly,
which have crippled the young growth, and fouled
both leaves and fruit to such an extent, that trees
look as if they had had a shower of ink over the
whole. J. S.

HEAVY GLADSTONE PEACHES. — On reading
the Gardeners' Chronicle of July 13, I note Mr. T. B.
Wilson, Alscot Park, gathered a fruit of the
Noblesse Peach which weighed 15.} oz. I would
state that I have to-day gathered a Gladstone Peach
weighing 15.5- oz., and others of 14 oz. from the same
tree. •/. Ratliffe, Springfield, 'Northampton.

THE POTATO DISEASE. — During the past week
the black Peronospora spot has exhibited itself on
the leaf of the plants in a very virulent form. In
spite of the considerable rains which have fallen the
soil is not particularly wet ; indeed, here it is rather
dry than otherwise, and in no way promotive of

the excessive hardness and rough "condition of the
soil in June, very few of my Potatos this season have
been earthed up. I am anxious to observe what the
ultimate result may be, as previously I have found
the basin in the ridges, formed of the moving stems,
to be a receptacle for spore-laden rainfalls, and pro-
ductive of great mischief to the young tubers. We
shall presently see what results, as now there are no
such basins formed over the tubers. A. Bean.

The dreaded Potato disease has made its

appearance in the cottage gardens of this district,
in some of which the whole crop is attacked, the
sorts that showed it most being, as usual, those
of American origin, most of which have thin
soft leaves and stems. The weather of late
seems to have been in favour of the spread of this,
as every year it appears to come on after showers
and storms, and when the atmosphere is close and
moist, which condition evidently suits germination
of the spores. As this disease has shown itself thus
early, I would advise those who have crops of early
sorts with skins set, or nearly so, to dig them before
the fungus attacks them. Those for seed will take
no harm on the ground for a few days, although I do
not like mine to lay there long, as they are apt to .get

August 10, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' GERONICLE.

167

too hard from over much exposure. For storing
seed Potatos no place is better than a light dry loft
or shed, where there is plenty of air and they are safe
from frost, and there they should be spread out
thinly, and not covered. J. 'Sheppard, Woolverstone.

CLOVE CARNATION, PAUL ENGLEHEART. — I

send you a bunch of the bedding Clove Carnation,

Paul Engleheart, which I have been distributing for

the past two seasons. It is what it professes to be,

i a first-rate border plant, especially valuable for

• massing, and, as you will see, the stems are so sturdy

; that they are able to support the fine head of flowers

( without stakes. Those sent are cut from last sea-

1 son's layers, the plants being less than a year old,

but the second season we reckon to be the best for

this particular variety, when the clumps are grand,

! with some 1200 flowers open at once on each. Autumn

' planting seems to be absolutely necessary to its well-

I being, as layers kept in pots during the winter are

not to be compared with those planted out in October

— a fact which should be noted in its cultivation. I

' may add that this border Carnation is beginning to

former more inclined to mildew than the latter.
W. A. Cook, Compton Basset Gardens, Gallic.

THE CHISWICK VEGETABLE CONFERENCE —
It is but natural that the committee which under
the presidency of Mr. Harry Veitch has been
charged by the Council of the Royal Horticul-
tural Society with the promotion of and arrange-
ments for the proposed Vegetable Conference at Chis-
wick, which is fixed for the 24th and two succeeding
days of September, should begin to feel somewhat
anxious as to the ultimate outcome of their consul-
tations and decisions. The schedule of the Confer-
ence, both in relation to the vegetable display and
the literary portion of the proceedings, is in the
hands of the Council, and should be widely distributed
as early as possible. The committee feel that the
success of the Conference, in each of its departments,
rests chiefly with the gardeners who are the chief
and almost invariably the best cultivators of vege-
tables, and who have at command resources which
not even the trade can always find available. Were
the Conference to become a purely trade gathering,

refer to a legion of cultivators. The Conference
offers neither prizes nor honours ; these the com-
mittee have no power to bestow, still less have they
the means. What honours are paid will not be per-
sonal but in the form of certificates given to excel-
lent samples in every class, honours in which the
variety and the cultivator thereof may equally
share. But the committee hope to make the
Conference eminently an educational influence.
We live in] days when no means of improving our
knowledge, whether of things or of methods, may be
ignored, and, therefore, if the Conference does not
become educational, it will largely fail of its object,
whilst, through the widest support offered to it by
all classes of gardeners, but especially by the leading
gardeners of the kingdom, the greater must be the
benefits derived. With a view to creating for gar-
deners in connection with the Conference some
special attraction, it has been proposed, and the
suggestion adopted, that a real gardeners' gathering,
social and festive, shall be held on one of the Con-
ference evenings. That suggestion, which emanated
from the committee, has been favoured by the

Fig. 24. — clissold park : the mansion, (see p. 165.)

attract attention in the United States of America,
and a paragraph criticism has appeared in Garden
and Forest, July 10. Gilbert Davidson. [Very vigor-
ous in growth, with good-sized flowers of a deep red
colour. Ed.]

COTULA CORONOPIFOLIA.— This is described in
Asa Gray's Flora of North America as a South
African plant, naturalised as a ballast plant in some
parts of North America. Is it known to botanists
that it is naturalised in the Wirral of Cheshire,
probably as a ballast plant ? V. Wolley Bod.

PEAS AND MILDEW.— Sutton's Jubilee is the
best Pea to resist the mildew. We have in our
garden several sorts almost touching it, all of which
are badly infested, but up to the present time
Jubilee has no trace of the mildew. It is, as your
correspondent last week remarks, a splendid Pea.
We have been gathering from early sowings, as many
as ten, eleven, and twelve peas in a pod. Hunting-
donian is the worst variety for mildew again this
season. I am much afraid that we must discard this
very prolific Pea on that account. Telephone, and
Duke of Albany, and Stratagem are excellent ; the

it would be a misfortune, as the aims and objects
of the committee for the selection and classification
of all the best vegetables of the kingdom might
then be somewhat defeated. The committee,
although presided over by a distinguished member
of the nursery trade, and including in its body
some other members of that and the seed trade,
has at least manifested no trade proclivities — indeed,
the spirit which has dominated its proceedings so
far has been absolutely outside of trade influ-
ences or associations. The object in view can be
more fittingly and more effectually secured through
the co-operation of the gardeners of the kingdom
than in any other'way, and therefore it is most urgently
desired that, so far as may be in their power, gar-
deners generally shall come to the aid of the com-
mittee by furnishing to the Conference freely the
best possible examples of their vegetable products in
season. But we may go a little further, and urge
that gardeners shall regard the coming Conference
as peculiarly theirs. It is the earnest desire of the
promoters that such feeling should be dominant.
The Orchidists, the Rosarians, the Fruitists, &c,
have had their various innings, and why not the
vegetable growers ? and when we refer to these we

Council of the Royal Horticultural Society so far
that reference to it is now embodied in the schedule
to be issued to the gardeners of the kingdom ; and as
the object of the proposal is to bring about, for once
at least, one of those social gatherings which too
seldom occur in horticultural ranks, it is hoped that the
suggestion will be eagerly seized upon and accepted.
We confess to a hearty desire to see this social
gathering made a big thing. There has been no
real gardeners' gathering of the kind named since
186G, but that was hardly the sort of association
looked for now. The gathering, which will now pro-
bably take the form of a dinner with thorough social
surroundings, grows naturally out of the Conference.
The Conference is to be a gardeners' Con-
ference, the social gathering is to be one of
gardeners, therefore to be present at this social
Gardeners' Vegetable Conference and the special
gardeners' social gathering should be the aim so far
as possible of every gardener of the United Kingdom.
It is worthy of remark that the Conference falls at
a time of year when gardeners' work is a little
slackened and a day or two may well be spared for
such enjoyable objects as those which we have in-
dicated. Mr. Harry J. Veitch is the chairman of

168

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 10, 1889.

the Conference. We cannot indicate any eminent
horticulturist likely to prove more thoroughly
a. persona grata with gardeners generally than that
jjentlenian, and in all respects he seems to be the
designated chairman of the social gathering. We
may well suggest that wherever held, there shall be
allied to the gathering an ample reception room, into
which every comer shall be announced, and shall be
introduced to the chairman and other distinguished
supporters of his on the occasion ; so that the poorest
of gardeners as well as the best known may be
placed at once en rapport with his fellows and be
•made to feel that though perhaps far from home yet
that he is amongst friends. The proceedings of thi>
gathering must be very bright and gay, the toast list
must be limited to half-a-dozen items, the speeches
must be short and bright, and there must be absolute
abnegation of all personal references ; that sort of
thing, fulsome with compliment, is too apt to domi-
nate our public dinners. There must be plenty of
bright music and entertainment, and opportunity
for social intercourse, so that when the gathering is
over everyone may be enabled to say it has been
good for him to have been there ; and thus cherish
pleasurably for life recollections of the Vegetable
Conference and great gardeners' gathering of
1889. R.

CALCEOLARIA AND PANSY DISEASE.— In your
issue of yesterday I noticed a report from Mr. W. G.
Smith on some diseased Calceolarias and Pansies you
had sent him, and was surprised to see that he
stated that " he had never seen anything attacking
the rootlets, large or small." This may be true with
regard to Calceolarias, of which I know nothing, but
having formerly been one of the largest amateur
•rowers of Pansies in this country, I do know some-
thing of them, and can state that plants suffering
from what is usually called "Pansy disease" are
attacked by a microscopic insect. Under a high
power of the microscope the rootlets are covered
with oval semitransparent sacs, sometimes of a light
pink colour, sometimes white. I never was able to
discover the insect itself, but whether this was due to
not having a high enough magnifying power or to
the insect having not yet been hatched I cannot say.
The disease undoubtedly comes most frequently
when the plants are in ground manured with fresh
horse-manure. It very seldom comes where really
old cow-manure is used, and where the plants are not
allowed to get too dry. I do not believe there is any
remedy ; the only thing to do is to pull up the plant
affected directly it shows the unmistakeable signs of
the disease, filling up the hole with chimney-soot, to
prevent its spreading, and carefully burning the
plants and all earth adhering to them. C. Hal fori
Thompson.

The Hardy Fruit Garden.

Peach and Nectarine Trees. — These should
now be gone over again, and all leading shoots
secured to the wall, or wires, as may be, the laterals
springing from next year's fruiting shoots should be
shortened back to one eye, and any growths not
required for filling up space to a couple of eyes.
The shoots on many lightly cropped trees are very
clean, but are somewhat incli ned to be strong. These,
when the growth is nearly completed, it will be well
to thin out, so that the remaining shoots will be clear
of each other. Although much rain has recently
•fallen the borders should be examined, and thoroughly
watered if necessary. This applies particularly to
trees carrying good crops of fruit, and which are
growing on light elevated borders, as they are the
first to suffer from drought, and require enormous
quantities of water.

Apples and Pears. — Early Pears will soon be fit to
gather. Look over the trees daily, pick off the most
forward fruit, and place them in a cool fruit-room for
use ; by this method , the supply is greatly
lengthened. Doyenne d'Et6 is the earliest with us.
Of Apples, Mr. Gladstone is the first to ripen for
dessert, and some Keswick Codlins and Lord Suffield
may now be gathered for culinary use, taking a few
from all parts of the trees where thinning is most
needed.

Strawberries. — Plants layered in pots will now be
ready for planting out into their permanent quarters.
See that the balls are made thoroughly wet before
turning them out of the pot, and ram the soil firmly
about them when planting; but some judgment is
required in this respect on heavy tenacious soils ;
2 feet apart is a good distance for the strong-growing

sorts, but less will do for the weaker ones. Runners
to be planted next spring should without further
delay be plaated in nursery beds, correctly naming
them at the same time.

Budding may now be proceeded with. H. Marh-ham,
Mereworih Castle, Kent.

Societies.

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL.

Scientific Committee.

Joly 23. — Present : Dr. M. T. Masters, in the
chair ; Messrs. Maclachlan, Morris, Michael, Veitch,
Wilson, Professor Ward, Dr. Miiller, Dr. Oliver, and
Rev. G. Henslow (Hon. Sec).

Finns austriaca Injured. — Dr. Masters brought
boughs of this tree with the young shoots dead, sent by
Dr. Hogg. The tree, he reports, was planted
eighteen years ago, but for the last two years it has
been attacked by some malady, the affection pro-
ceeding rapidly downwards. The soil on which it
grew was a strong sandy clay, but well drained. No
insect could be detected upon the boughs by Mr.
Maclachlan, Mr. Veitch suggesting the cold wet
season, and probably an injurious subsoil, as being
the causes. Professor Ward remarked that a sudden
thaw chilling the roots would produce such an effect
as the tree in question showed, or an east wind
catching the side of a plantation would be a sufficient
cause. The fungus, Hysterium Pini, which produces
black spots, gives rise to a similar appearance, but
the specimen showed scarcely any suspicion of this
disease. Professor Ward observed that the effect
of frost in April is often recognised by the bases of
the leaf-shoots remaining green, in consequence
of the protection afforded them by the sheathing
scales.

Abies Kordmanniana. — Dr. Scott reported as fol-
lows upon the specimens exhibited at the last meet-
ing. " It appears that the burr-like mass of branches
with paler yellowish-green foliage is due to the
presence of iEcidium elatinum. The mycelium of
this fungus was abundant in the stunted leaves and in
the abnormal portions of the stem, the development
of the leaves being much affected. The diseased
leaves show no differentiation of palisade and spongy
parenchyma ; few chlorophyll granules are developed,
and there is a marked deficiency of starch. This
last- mentioned fact is, no doubt, a cause of the im-
perfect development of the wood in the infected
branches." Prof. Marshall Ward, who had also exa-
mined it, added that he discovered a few spermo-
gonia, but no " a;cidium" sporanges. It is the same
uredinous fungus which causes the " Witch's brooms,''
and is mostly, if not invariably, confined to Abies,
for Dr. Masters remarked that he had met with it,
if it be the same species, in Pinus austriaca, P.
Strobus, and P. sylvestris and other species. Dr.
Ward added that the fungus has a very remarkable
stimulating effect on the cambium, and alters the
botanical characters of the part affected, ren-
dering the leaves annual. Mr. Michael had also
examined the branch above referred to for the
presence of any insects, and although having
nothing to do with the cause of the alteration of
structure, he found a Tarsonymus, but no phytopti.
It is a leaf miner, and sometimes very destructive
to trees at Turin. He also found eggs at the
points of the shoots, which appeared to be those
of some aphis.

Fem-prothallus with Water Pores (?). — With refer-
ence to the accumulation of water upon the prothalli
mentioned at a previous meeting, Professor Ward
thought it was quite conceivable that water might
accumulate in the tracheids beneath the soil ; but,
on the other hand, it might have been merely dew-
drops, the evidence being insufficient to furnish a
more definite conclusion.

ley-leaved Pelargonium Diseased. — Mr. Morris
showed leaves of plants received from France
and grown at Chiswick, badly diseased with a new
species of Gloeosporium. There was no remedy
known, and complete destruction by burning was the
only thing to be done.

Effects of Hail at Kew. — He also showed leaves of
bedding-out plants, and mentioned a long list of
others injured in various degrees by the hailstones,
which had riddled and lacerated them on July 15.
Aquatic plants suffered in the same way. Some of
the genera most severely injured were Funkia, Nico-
tiana, Polygonum, Gourds, Podophyllum, Malvaceae,
Saxifraga peltata, Rheum, Boraginea;, and Solanacea;

generally, and Gunnera scabra. Fortunately there
was no damage to the glass-houses.

Peas Diseased. — Mr. N. H. Pownall, Lenton Hall
Gardens, Nottingham, forwarded specimens of Peas
badly attacked by Fungi. He reports that for years
there have been patches of it, but this season it is
very bad indeed. It was referred to Dr. Oliver for
examination and report.

Plum Leaves Blighted. — Mr. J. Lloyd-Bozwan, of
Worcester, had forwarded specimens to Kew, which
Mr. Morris exhibited to the meeting. The blight
had not been previously observed at Worcester.
After the attack the leases shrink up, wither and
die, as if burnt, and the ends of the spring shoots,
some 7 or S inches in length, die also. The leaves
are mostly marked with discoloured patches of a
faint dusky red colour. Dr. Masters said that he
had received similar specimens from various dis-
tricts. No fungus could be detected by Dr. Cooke,
and no insect appeared to be the cause ; but Mr.
Veitch and other members of the committee had
little doubt but that the affection was due to the
wood having been badly ripened 'in the previous
year.

The Red Rose of Lancaster. — Mr. W. G. Barron
had sent specimens to Kew, which Mr. Morris exhi-
bited, and were supposed to be this variety. It
appeared, however, that in the opinion of experts it
was a Damask Rose, and not the true Rose of
Lancaster, which produces red and white blossoms
on the same stem.

Rubus occidental^. — Mr. Henslow exhibited fruit-
ing branches of a plant originally received from
Mr. Viccars Collyer, which he reported had come
up quite accidentally in his garden. Mr. Hens-
low had cultivated it for two years. It flowered
last year, the blossom being undistinguishable
from those of a Raspberry, but bore no fruit.
In the present season it has an abundance of fruit
densely clustered, quite black, each " drupel " having
a tomentose base and provided with an embryo.
It agrees in appearance with the Blackberry, but has
ripened at the period of the Raspberry. The stem
and foliage is tomentose, agreeing with the Rasp-
berry, but the method of formation of the quinate
leaves, as described by Mr. Henslow last year, is that
of the Blackberry. The taste was thought by
members of the committee to indicate both parents.
On examination it was found to be the North
American species above mentioned.

Vegetable Marrow Malformed. — Mr. Henslow ex-
hibited a specimen to which a branch had become
adherent about half the length of the fruit. Although
it had been cut off three or four weeks ago, the
branch had grown about twelve or fourteen inches,
and was producing flower buds at the expense of the
tissues of the Marrow itself. It was accepted for the
museum at Kew.

Mint with Spiral Torsion. — Prof. Marshall Ward
exhibited a specimen of this well-known occurrence
in plants, with opposite and decussate leaves. The
leaves do not become alternate by any development
of internodes, but are arranged in a secund manner,
by a twist through a semicircle.

Mint Flowering. — Mr. Henslow observed that the
common garden Mint is coming into blossom
abundantly this season, and exhibited specimens in
flower from Ealing. The shoot brought by Prof.
Ward was also in bud. Mr. Henslow observed that
at present the flowers are all female only, with rudi-
mentary stamens — hence, like so niany other La-
biates, it will probably prove to be gyno-dioecious.

Water Culture of the Potato. — Dr. Masters re-
marked on some experiments made by his daughter
with Potatoes grown over water that they had pro-
duced an abundance of roots, and even some flowers,
but no attempt was made to develop any new tubers
till after the fall of the flowers.

THE CARNATION AND PICOTEE
UNION.

August 1. — The fifth exhibition was held in Mr.
E. S. Dodwell's garden, the Stanley Road, Oxford,
when a goodly company attended. The exhibition
was extensive, the competition in all classes being
keen. Mr. Robert Lord, of Todmorden, was again a
most successful exhibitor, taking the 1st prize for
twelve Carnations, and also for twelve Picotees ;
while Mr. Robert Sydenham, of Birmingham, quite a
new grower, bids fair to be one of the premier culti-
vators of the day. In addition to the 1500 blooms
staged for competition, Mr. Dodwell had on view
some 3000 pots, containing two or three plants each.

Carnations. — Twelve Carnations, flakes orbizarres,

August 10, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS* CHRONICLE.

169

dissimilar, there being eleven competitors, 1st, Mr.
, Robert Lord, Hole Bottom, Todmorden, with C.B.
Master Fred, S.B. Reginald Power, P.P.B. John
Harrison, S.B. George, S.B. Admiral Curzon, P.P.B.
Deedie, R.F. Biddy Malone, K.P.B. William Skir-
ring, C B. Shirley Hibberd, S.F. John Ball, P.F.
Squire Trow, and S.B. Robert Houlgrave — very tine
and grand in colour; 2nd, Mr. Robert Sydenham,
Birmingham.

In the class for six blooms there were thirteen
competitors, and some very bright flowers of high-
class quality were staged. The best came from
Mr. Thomson, Helliwell, Todmorden, who had
C.B. Master Fred. P.F. George Melville, C.B. Squire
Llewelyn, S.B. Robert Lord, R.F. Crista-galli, and
S.F. Sportsman ; 2nd, Mr. J. Whitham, Hebden
Bridge.

Picotees. — There were twelve stands of twelve
blooms of Picotees, many being very fine. Mr.
Lord was 1st here also, with flowers showing that
striking puritv of the ground and refinement of
marking peculiar to the Todmorden flowers. His
blooms consisted of H. red E. J. B. Bryant, H. roseE.
Lady Louisa, H. purple E. Zerlina. H. red E. Brunette,
H. rose E. Seedling 250, L. red E. Thomas William,
L. ruse E. Nellie, H. rose E. Mrs. Sharp, H. red E.
John Smith, L.P.E. Ann Lord, L.P.E. Baroness
Burdett Coutts, and H.P.E. Undine ; 2nd, Mr.
M. Rowan, Manor Street, Clapham.

In the class for six blooms there were eighteen
competitors, and here Mr. John Whitham was 1st
with H. Rose E. Mrs. Sharp. H. Red E. Brunette,
L.P.E. Ann Lord, H.P.E. Zerlina, H. Red E. John
Smith, and L. Red E. Thomas William ; 2nd, Mr.
Joseph Lakin, Temple Cowley.

Self's, Fancies, and Yellow Grounds. — Two classes
were devoted to these — one for twelve, the other for
six blooms, and they were very attractive. There
were thirteen stands of twelve varieties, the best
coming from Mr. W. Read.gr. to George Dodwell.Esq.,
Oxford, who had Gladys, soft pink, a grand bloom ;
Joe Willett, rose and crimson, very bright ; Schlie-
ban (Benary), buff-pink and pinkish-slate ; Theodore
(Benary), of a peculiar shade of bluish- slate, very
distinct ; Emma Lakin, white ; and some fine
seedlings.

In the class for six blooms there were nine com-
peting collections, and here Mr. A. W. Jones was
1st with Mrs. McLaren, Terra-Cotta, Mrs. Price,
pink — very fine ; Sir Toby Belch, Mary, and The
Bride ; all very fine indeed.

Yellow grounds Kilmurry Special Prizes. — These
were offered for six blooms of the Kilmurry yellow-
ground seedlings, nine collections being staged.
Mr. Read was placed 1st with remarkably fine blooms
of Alfred Grey, Tournament, Patience, Queen of
Hearts, and a Seedling ; 2nd, Mr. F. Nutt. There
was a class also for six blooms, any raisers, there
being seventeen competitors. Here Mr. Read was
again 1st with very finely-finished blooms.

In the classes for single blooms a very large
number were staged ; in those for Carnations the
awards were as follows : — Scarlet bizarres : 1st, Mr.
T. Lord, with Robert Houlgrave ; Crimson bizarres :
1st and 2nd, Mr. R. Sydenham, with Master Fred ;
Pink and purple bizarres : Mr. T. Lord was 1st and
2od with John Harrison. The best purple flake
was Mayor of Nottingham, from Mr. T. Lord ; the
best scarlet flake was Alisemond (Douglas), from
Mr.R. Sydenham ; the best rose flake was Thalia, Mr.
A. R. Brown taking 1st. The best self Carnation
was Germania, from Mr. T. B. Thomson. A large
number of blooms of fancies was also staged ; Mr.
Read had the best, showing Dodwell's 167. Yellow
grounds were very numerous also ; Mr. Read was
1st with Almira.

Single blooms of Picotees were shown in large
numbers also. In the heavy red-edge class Mr. J.
Lakin was 1st, with Isabel, a flower of his own
raising in the way of Princess of Wales. The best
light red-edge was Thomas William, from Mr. T.
Lord. Of heavy purple-edges the best was Mrs. A.
Chancellor, from Mr. T. Lord. The best light
.purple-edge was Jessie, from Mr. T. E. Henwood.
Mr. Lord had the best heavy rose-edge in Lady
Louisa. Nellie, from Mr. Rowan, was the best light
rose-edge.

The premier Carnation, S.B. Robert Houlgrave,
shown by Mr. T. Lord ; and he had the premier
Picotee also in heavy rose-edge Lady Louisa. The
premier fancy was Dodwell's 1(57, shown by Mr.
Read, having a pale sulphur ground, flaked with pink
and bluish slate. The premier self was a very fine
bloom of Germania, yellow, shown by Mr. M. Rowan.
The premier yellow ground being Annie Douglas,
shown in fine form by Mr. J. Lakin.

SOUTHAMPTON.

August 3 and 5.— The annual exhibition of the
Royal Horticultural Society of Southampton was
held in the Society's grounds in Westwood Park.
Unfortunately, the weather on the opening day was
very unfavourable; in addition to this, the Naval
Review, arranged to be held at Portsmouth, no doubt
took many people away. The show was a thoroughly
representative one ; if not so large as others held in
the same grounds, it equalled them in the quality of
the exhibits.

Plants always are a strong feature at this show,
the principal class being for twelve stove or green-
house specimens, half to be foliage, and the remainder
flowering. Three entered for the substantial prizes of
£15, £12, and £10. Mr. J. Cypher, nurseryman,
Cheltenham, scored a somewhat easy victory by the
excellence of his flowering plants especially, which
included Pbcenocoma prolifera Barnesii, fully 7 feet
in diameter, profusely flowered ; Erica tricolor coro-
nata. 3 feet across ; a freely-flowered Allamanda
nobilis, Ixora regina and amabilis, and Stephanotis
floribunda ; a finely-coloured Croton, Queen Victoria,
7 feet across; with Cycas circinalis, Latania bor-
bonica. Dasylirion acrotrichum, and Cordyline indi-
visa. were the best foliage plants. Mr. G. Lock. gr.
to B. Cleave, Esq., Newcombe House, Crediton,
Devon, was 2nd, being weak in his flower-
ing plants. This collection contained fine Crotons.
Mr. E. Wills, gr. to Mrs. Pearce, Bassett, South-
ampton, was 3rd, staging creditably.

For ten plants (gardeners only) there were again
three competitors, Mr. N. Blandford, gr. to Mrs.
Haselfoot, Bitterne, easily procuring the premier
honour with healthy, well-flowered specimens and
good foliage plants. Allamanda Hendersoni was
well shown, and also Ixora Williamsi, and the
seldom seen Lasiandra macrantha floribunda.

In the class for six stove or greenhouse flowering
plants some fine specimens were staged, notably
Statice profusa, fully 6 feet in diameter, and finely
flowered ; in Mr. Wills' 1st prize collection, a very
fresh and freely-flowered Clerodendron Balfourianum
and Erica obbata purpurea were his principal plants ;
Mr. G. Lock was 2nd, staging, amongst others, a
freely flowered healthy Eucharis amazonica.

For six foliage plants, Mr. Lock led the way with
capital examples of Dasylirion acrotrichum, Alo-
casia Sanderiana, Kentia Belmoreana, and finely-
coloured Crotons; Mr. Wills, who was a good 2nd,
staged the best six stove or greenhouse Ferns, with
healthy plants of Davallia Mooreana, Microlepia
hirta cristata, and Cibotium spectabile.

Miscellaneous groups arranged for effect in a space
of 120 square feet made a fine display, occupying one
side of the tent. Mr. G. Lock was the most suc-
cessful out of six competitors, having a pleasing
arrangement of suitable plants, lightly and effectively
disposed, highly-coloured small Crotons, Lilium
auratum, Celosias, and Francoas being especially
attractive, the whole edged with Isolepis gracilis and
Poa trivialis variegata in alternation; Mr. Wills was
2nd with an arrangement which lacked the quality
of the 1st prize groups, although the arrangement
was by no means bad. Mr. Ladhams, florist, Shirley,
who used effectively many hardy plants, was an
excellent arrangement.

Fuchsias were well shown by Mr. Wills in the
class for six plants and for a single specimen,
having freely flowered plants, 7 feet high, without
being too closelv trained ; he was followed by Mr.
Busby, gr. to "F. Willan, Esq., Thornhill Park,
Bitterne, who also took 1st honours for six double
Pelargoniums and six Gloxinias, with good plants in
both classes.

Mr. Blandford had the best six zonal Pelargo-
niums. Mr. Cypher took first honours for single
specimen Orchid with Cattleya Gaskelliana delicata
in a pan with thirteen spikes. Mr. J. Evans, gr. to
Lady Ashburton, Melchet Court, Romsey, followed
with Saccolabium Blumei, with sixteen racemes.

Cut flowers made a fine display. For twenty-four
distinct Roses, Messrs. Keynes, Williams & Co.,
Salisbury, took 1st honours with well formed blooms
of rich colour, the best being Charles Lefebvre, Her
Majesty, Beaute de l'Europe, and Marshal P.
Wilder. For twelve distinct, Mr. W. Neville, gr. to
F. W. Flight, Esq., Twyford, Winchester, was 1st
with a creditable stand. Stove and greenhouse
flowers made a bold display. For twelve bunches,
Mr. J. Evans led the way with Saccolabium gutta-
tum.VEchmea fulgens, and Pancratium fragrans ; Mr.
Lock was 2nd with good bunches of bloom, but
arranged too low on the board to present a good
appearance. Messrs. J. Cheal & Son, nurserymen,

Crawley, Sussex, staged the best twelve bunches of
hardy herbaceous blooms, Actea spicata, Harpalium
rigidum, Statice Limouium, and Saponaria elastica
fl.-pl. ; Mr. Ladhams was 2nd, the arrangement
being too crowded. Very fine yellow ground Car-
nations were shown in the class set apart for them by
Mr. F. Nutt, Rose Road, Southampton ; while Mr. J.
Rebbeck, Bevois Valley, Southampton, had the
winning stand of Picotees. Messrs. Keynes led with
twelve Dahlias of the show type, with large, finely
formed and richly coloured blooms.

Table decorations were of high quality. For the
best dressed one, 8 by 4 feet, Mr. J. R. Chard, Stoke
Newington, was deservedly placed 1st with an
elegant arrangement in which AquilegU chrysantha,
Gypsophila, Orchids, and Gladiolus Colvillei, the
Bride figured largely in the three epergnes used. Mr.
Lock was 2nd, the base of the stands being rather
too dark, while the tops also lacked the lightness of
the 1st prize winner.

Magnificent bouquets, both bridal and ball, were
contributed by Messrs. Perkins & Sons.

Fruit. — The most interest was centred in the class
for six dishes, Pines excluded, for which five com-
peted. Mr. II. W. Ward, gr. to the Earl of Radnor,
Longford Castle, Salisbury, was easily 1st, staging
Madresfield Court and Muscat of Alexandria Grapes
in good condition, the latter only requiring a little
more time to make them perfect. A very fine Hero
of Lockinge Melon, richly coloured Elruge Nec-
tarines, Goshawk Peaches, and Moor Park Apricots
completed the collection. Mr. G. Inglefield, gr. to
Sir J. W. Kelk, Bart., Tedworth, Marlborough, was
2nd, staging neat bunches, well coloured, of Black
Hamburgh Grapes, good Lord Napier Nectarines,
and Golden Perfection Melon.

The class for three bunches of Grapes was but
poorly filled. With very finely finished Black Ham-
burghs of medium size Mr. Inglefield gained 1st
honours, Mr. Ward following with good clusters of
the same variety. The last-named secured premier
award for three bunches of white, with fine Muscat
of Alexandria. Mr. Inglefield followed with the
same sort, a trifle greener.

Two bunches of black Grapes produced a better
entry. In this Mr. J. Allen, gr. to Captain the Hon.
V. Montague, Wherwell Priory, took 1st card with
good Alicante. Mr. F. G. Beating, cr. to Stewart
Macnaughten, Esq., Bitterne Manor House, followed
with the same variety, Mr. Allen repeated his suc-
cess in the next class— that for two bunches of white
Grapes, with fairly well-coloured Muscat of Alex-
andria. Mr. N. Molyneux. gr. to J. C. Carpenter
Gamier, Esq., Rooksbury Park, Fareham, was 2nd
with good Buckland Sweetwater. For one bunch,
any black variety, the last-named was easily 1st,
with a large cluster of Black Hamburgh well
coloured ; Mr. Ward 2nd, with Madresfield Court,
and 1st in the class, that for one bunch of any white
variety, with well-coloured Buckland Sweetwater.

The best dish of six Peaches, whiph were large,
well-coloured fruits of Royal George, came from.Mr.
C. Curtis, gr. to J. S. Dixon, Esq., Hollybank,
Dibden. Mr. Inglefield staged highly coloured
fruits of Elruge in the Nectarine class, and took 1st.

For one scarlet Melon Mr. J. Evans took 1st
honours with Read's Hybrid. Mr. Thos. Annalls,
gr. to T. G. Shenton, Esq., Twyford, Winchester,
was 1st in the green flesh class with a small Hero of
Lockinge. The best melons were staged for the
prizes given by Messrs. Sutton & Sons. Mr. Ward
led with Hero of Lockinge. Mr. Allen following
with the same kind.

For six dishes of outdoor fruit Mr. R. West, gr. to
J. R. Wygram, Esq., Northlands, Salisbury, was 1st,
with good dishes of Morello Cherries, Raspberries,
and Gooseberries.

Mr. G. Windebank, Southampton, staged the best
dessert Apples in three dishes, while the best dishes
of kitchen ditto came from Mr. G. Busby.

Vegetables made a grand show, the competition
being brisk. For twelve distinct varieties Mr. C. J.
Waite, gr. to Col. the Hon. W. P. Talbot, Glenhurst,
Esher, was easily 1st, with hardly a faulty dish. The
most noteworthy were Puritan Potato, Perfection
Tomatos, Duchess Peas, Golden Ball Onion, and
Intermediate Carrots. Mr. T. Wilkins, gr. to Lady
Theodore Guest, Inwood Henstridge, Blandford, took
2nd honours, staging capital produce also. For nine
dishes there were eight competitors, the best being a
clean lot from Mr. Allen, Perfection Tomatos. Sut-
ton's Seedling Potatos, and White Spanish Onions
being the most noteworthy. For a collection of six va-
rieties for which Messrs. Webb & Son contributed the
prizes, there were some good collections staged, Mr.
Waite and Mr. Wilkins being placed in the order

170

THE GARDE NEBS' GHBONICLE.

[August 10, 1889.

named. Mr. West staged the best eight dishes of
Potatos, four round and four kidney, clean, even
samples of leading varieties.

Tomatos made a great show. For the best nine
specimens of Sutton's Perfection Mr. C. J. Waite led
the way with a splendid dish ; and for the Society's
prize for one dish, Mr. G. Feltham, florist, South-
ampton, took leading honours.

Mr. Chard took 1st rank with Cucumbers, and for
spring-sown Onions Mr. J. Simpson, St. Denys,
Southampton, was 1st among several competitors.

At one end of the large marquee Mr. W. H.
Rogers, Red Lodge Nursery, Southampton, had
arranged a very fine collection of Conifers and hardy
shrubs, not for competition, which were much
admired.

Messrs. Wood & Son, Wood Green, London, had
on view an extensive collection of sundries.

LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL.

August 3 and 5. — For the past nine years the
annual summer show of this Society had been held
in the beautiful surroundings of Sefton Park, but
last year having been wet, the attendance sparse,
and the City Council having imposed conditions cer-
tainly not tending to foster horticultural displays,
the committee removed the exhibition to the east
side of the city, and fixed on a site used by the
police as an athletic ground. It was, perhaps, the
best all-round exhibition of the Society, but the
attendance was very poor, neither the subscribers
who have so well supported the Society, nor the
general public attending.

In the class for twelve stove and greenhouse
plants, Mr. James Cypher was deservedly 1st, with a
fine Bougainvillea glabra covered with flower, Clero-
dendron Balfourianum equally ^well-flowered, Erica
Irbyana, and line Ixoras ; and amongst the foliage
plants, large and well-coloured Crotons, Latauia
borbonica, and a grand Cycas. Mr. Finch, gr. to
J. Marriott, Esq., was a good 2nd, with Statice pro-
fusa a yard through, fresh and beautiful ; Dipladenia
amabilis, Lapageria rosea, Ixora Duffi, with splendid
heads of bright crimson flowers ; Croton mortfon-
tainensis, and Cycas circinalis,

In the class for six stove and greenhouse plants,
the local growers showed to great advantage. Mr.
Cromwell, gr. to T. Sutton Temmis, Esq., putting up
a fine group of Allamanda Chelsoni, Ixora coccinea,
Anthurium Scherzerianum, with a really splendid
Gleichenia dichotoma. Mr. Cox, gr. to W. W. Watts,
Esq., with fine Ixoracoccinea and Allamanda Hender-
soni, Erica Eweriana, and a rare example of Calamus
ciliaris, was 2nd.

For four stove and greenhouse plants, two of the
exhibitors, Mr. Cromwell and Mr. Roberts, set up
each four splendid plants, Ixoras, Stephanotis, Alla-
mandas, but failed to notice that they were all stove
plants, and consequently were disqualified, and the
1st prize went" to Mr. Cox, who, in addition to a fine
Clerodendron Balfourianum, Ixoras Pilgrimi and
Dixiana, had a fine Statice.

Foliage plants, six varieties, were best from Mr. Jel-
licoe, with Dion edule, Pritchardia pacifica. and fine
well-grown Crotons. He was followed by Mr. Crom-
well, whose group contained Gleichenia dichotoma,
Kentia Belmoreana, and Phcenix rupicola, with very
fine Crotons Disraeli and Williamsii. Very 'general
opinion was expressed that these positions should
have been reversed. In four foliage plants the most
noticeable were the Croton interruptus aureus of
Colonel Wilson, C. Aigburthiensis of Mr. Cox, and
Anthurium crystalliuum of Mr. Brancker.

Palms were a fine exhibit, with well developed,
fresh, and perfect leaves. Mr. Nicholsoa and Mr.
Watts taking prizes in the order named.

Table plants were both numerous and varied,
though wanting in elegance in some of the groups,
Mr. Evans, gr. to Wellwood Maxwell, Esq., being
deservedly 1st.

The class for eight exotic Ferns only brought two
groups ; that of Mr. Cromwell, who led, contained
noteworthy plants of Microlepia hirta cristata,
Nephrolepis davalloides furcans, and N. rufescens
bipinnatifida.

In the class for four varieties Mr. Cox also set up
a well-grown fresh group. Filmy Ferns, 'and a pair of
Todeas from Mr. Foster, were well developed and
vigorous. Tree Ferns were well shown by Messrs.
Cox, Foster, and Eaton.

Though Orchid culture has received a decided
impetus of late in the vicinity of Liverpool, the
plants staged were small and of neither novelty nor
great merit, Saccolabium Blumei majus and Oncidiunj

Lanceanum being the best, with a good Lajlia ; Mr.
Bowring and Mr. Gowen taking the chief positions.

Greenhouse Heaths were neat well-flowered plants
of medium size, Messrs. Cox, Cypher, and Cromwell
taking the awards as placed. Fuchsias, formerly well
done in the neighbourhood, are advancing towards
the old standard of perfection. The tall, well-
balanced pyramids of Mr. Cox taking the 1st place,
Mr. Cromwell being 2nd with more bushy plants.

Profusely-bloomed and well-trained zonal Pelar-
goniums were shown by Messrs. Gowen, Winkworth,
Bustard, McKellar, and Bridge, and in the class of
four Ivy-leaved varieties were fine pyramids 3 to 4
feet high, forming admirable decorative plants. Mr.
Storey staging a very fine lot, closely followed by
Messrs. Winkworth and Holford.

Coleus staged between the exhibits of zonal Pelar-
goniums were fine, well-developed, fresh plants,
wanting in the lighter-coloured varieties to make
them more effective. Messrs. Eaton, Shore, and
Wilson, took the awards in the order given.

Caladiums were well staged by Mr. Warrington,
gr. to Tyndall Bright, Esq. — large, well developed,
highly-coloured foliage, and, having been coolly
grown, they did not flag, as this class too often do.

Groups. — In the class for a circular group of
plants, 150 feet, arranged for effect by gentlemen's
gardeners, five competitors entered, and though this
has been a feature of the Liverpool show in years
past, those set up on this occasion were not equal
to the efforts of former years ; they were all cast in
the same mould, and wanted life and attractiveness.
Messrs. Cox, Jellicoe, Jones, and Moorhouse were
the successful exhibitors.

In the open class for group of 250 square feet,
Messrs. W. P. Kerr & Sons, Liverpool, were the only
competitors, with a very bright arrangement of
Crotons, Humeas, Lilium Harrisii and L. auratum,
with groundwork of Maidenhair Fern, dotted with
choice foliage and flowering plants.

Adjacent, but not for competition, the Liverpool
Horticultural Company set up a group of Niphetos,
The Bride, and Paquerette Roses, in 6 and 7-inch
pots, another similar group of Tea Roses in great
variety, and another of miscellaneous plants, Cro-
tons, Dracaenas, Lilies, &c, were also set up by the
same Company, and added to the beauty of the
show.

Messrs. Dickson, Limited, of Chester, had two
tables of small miscellaneous nursery stuff, Palms,
Crotons, Dracamas, Cyperus, Statices, &c, clean and
healthy, and well-arranged.

Cut Flowers were numerous and good. In the
Rose classes, Messrs. Alexander Dickson & Son, of
Newtonards, took the premier prize in the 48's, with
grand examples of the leading sorts, followed by
Messrs. Cocker & Sons, of Aberdeen, and Messrs.
Small & Sons, of Stranraer.

In the class for eighteen Tea, Hybrid, and
Noisettes, Messrs. Mack, of Catterick, were a good
1st.

In the local class for twelve Roses, Mr. T. B. Hall,
of Rock Ferry, was 1st ; and in the class for six
light and six dark Roses, Messrs. Dickson, of New-
tonards, took the honours.

A class was for the best box of Roses, 4 feet long
by 1£ foot broad, most tastefully arranged. Here
Mr. Hall wa3 1st, Messrs. Green & Buliey taking
the other prizes. This is a desirable and attractive
class, and was much admired by the visitors.
Cut herbaceous flowers were largely shown, and
proved verv interesting ; the best were those of Mr.
Eaton, gr. to W. H. Shirley.

The Fruit Classes were well filled with excellent
examples of culture, noticeable being the collections
staged by Mr. Edmond, gr. to the Duke of St.
Albans, and Mr. Goodacre, Efvaston Castle, Borrow-
ash ; whilst the Lancashire growers well sustained
their reputation as Grape growers, the black Grapes
staged by Mr. Middleton, Rainford Hall, and Mr.
Stevenson, The Hazels, being perfect in bunch,
berry, and colour. Peaches, Nectarines, and Melons
were largely shown, and the competition very keen.
This remark applies also to the vegetable classes,
which all through displayed large collections of the
best varieties well grown.

under the supervision of Mr. Blair, the Duke's gar-
dener, and Mr. Taylor, the secretary, and gave the
fullest satisfaction to every one. The weather was
fine, and nearly 20,000 persons visited the show.
The show, which was a good one in most depart-
ments, was opened by His Grace the Duke of
Sutherland, who was accompanied by the Duchess
and a distinguished company, and who, in a short
speech, spoke highly of the prospects of the Society.

The principal features in the plant classes were
the effective groups, especially that put up by Mr.
Blair, the gardener at Trentham. This occupied the
whole end of the large marquee, and was greatly
admired by all for its light and graceful arrangement
of Palms, Orchids, and other foliage and flowering
plants. The groups in competition were fair, the
first in the open class going to Mr. Stevens, gr. to
W. Thompson, Esq., Stone, whose group contained
many fine Orchids.

Roses and other cut flowers were shown in quan-
tity, the principal prizes for Roses going to Ireland,
Messrs. Dickson & Sons, Newtonards, being in fine
form. The first for bouquets in two classes were
Messrs. Perkins & Son, Coventry ; while a nicely
arranged epergne by Mrs. Blair secured for her an
easy first prize.

Fruit was fairly good in the collection of eight
dishes, Mr. Thorpe, of Newark, was first. Mr.
Wilkes, of Cresswell Hall, first, both for two and for
three bunches of Black Grapes ; while Mr. Edmond,
of Bestwood Park, Arnold, Nottingham, secured the
same for White Grapes.

Vegetables were shown in great quantities, and
the 1st for a collection was secured by Mr. Fitz-
herbert. The cottagers' and amateurs' classes were
well filled, and the quality of the exhibits was good.
A Correspondent.

TRENTHAM HORTICULTURAL.

Thursday, July 25. — The second annual exhibi-
tion of this flourishing Society was held in the
splendid grounds at Trentham Hall, by permis-
sion of His Grace the Duke of Sutherland. A
more lovely spot for an exhibition of this descrip-
tion could not be found : the arrangements were

THAMES DITTON HORTICULTURAL.

A successful exhibition was held by this young
and prosperous Society on Wednesday, July 24,
groups for effect forming an effective display. There
were six competitors in this class, 1st honours
being accorded to Mr. Card, gr. to — Rucker, Esq.,
Thames Ditton.

Messrs. Puttock & Shepherd, nurserymen, King-
ston, successors to the well-known firm of T. Jack-
son & Sons, of Erica and Azalea fame, had an
attractive group, but not for competition. Examples
of Alocasia Lowi were observed in this group, fresh
and well grown ; Aerides Lobbi, Miltonia vexil-
laria in variety, and Cypripedium Laurenceanum
were likewise conspicuous plants. Crotons of very
bright colours, Nephrolepis Duffi, and N. davallioides
furcans, were well shown. Messrs. J. Laing & Sons,
nurserymen, Forest Hill, sent blooms of their well-
known strain of Tuberous Begonias. Mr. W.
Tayler, Hampton, put some boxes of fine Roses,
conspicuous being A. K. Williams, Louis Van
Houtte, Duke of Wellington, and Her Majesty. Mr.
Miller, gr. to Lord Foley, Esher, sent some good
examples of Melon, named Lord Foley.

The Royal Horticultural offered a Banksian Medal
to the exhibitor who should secure the greatest
number of prizes, and this was won by Mr. W.
Palmer.

SCOTTISH HORTICULTURAL
ASSOCIATION.

The fifth ordinary meeting of this session was held
in 5, St. Andrew Square, Edinburgh, on Tuesday,
August 6, Professor Bayley Balfour, President, in the
chair. There was a large attendance of Members.
Mr. Mungo Temple, Carron Shore, Falkirk, read a
paper on " The Properties of Fruits," wherein the
relative value to be given to the different kinds was
briefly stated ; and a paper was read by Mr.
Mackenzie, Treasurer, prepared by Mr. Charles
Webster, Gordon Castle, on " Hardy Annuals," in
which a select list was given, and cultural details
described.

Among exhibits were a large collection of seed-
ling Begonias from Mr. John Downie, Beech Hill
Nurseries. Three double and one single yellow
received First-class Certificates. Mr. M. Dunn,
Dalkeith Palace Gardens, sent seedling Chrysan-
themum Duchess of Buccleuch, which was before the
meeting in spring, and now again in fine form, and
received a First-class Certificate. Mr. Henderson
was awarded a Certificate for a new seedling Dahlia,
single, bright crimson, of good form and great sub-
stance, named Mrs. Henderson. Mr. H. Reynard,
gr., Ardenclutha. Hamilton, sent a very fine collec-

August 10, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

171

■ tion of cut blooms of seedling Carnations and
Picotees of his own raising. Mr. Robert Grossart,
Oswald Road, exhibited a plant in flower of Ccelogyne
pandurata. Messrs. Dicksons & Sons, Inverleith
Nurseries, a collection of seedling Pentstemons. Mr.
D. Mclvor, Phantassie Gardens, a stand of seedling
border Carnations.

The Weather.

[By the term "accumulated temperature " is meant a figure
representing the aggregate amount, as well as the dura-
tion, of the excess or defect of temperature above or below
42° Fahr. for the period named ; and this combined result
is explained in Day-degrees — a "Day-degree" signifying
1° continued for twenty-four hours, or any other number
of degrees for an inversely proportional number of hours.]

Temperature.

Rainfall.

Bright
Sun.

Accumulated.

V > M

-a ? 3

L, « **

T-*

a .
'3 d

o
d

p
3

«
'1 is

8,2

° *
© o

a!
a, +J

H
O

g
2

u
o

0 Q>

N a,

2
<

o
pq

a ii
« o .
g Bos
*h '7 CO

3 31
all

a °

a u

s
s s

^ _ a

5) OO

3 m

P-oS
O <»

CD O

tea

a '55

a a

U o
KB

-«!

Day-

lOths

In.

deg.

Inch.

3 +

114

+ 216

+ 4

2 —

143

21.4

3 +

125

+ 80

+ 5

4 +

113

14.5

3 +

139

+ 59

+ 7

Oav.

104

13.0

-4

2 +

132

+ 35

+ 112

1 +

111

15.0

2 +

148

+ 39

+ 60

0 av.

104

17.4

2 +

153

+ 84

+ 75

Oav.

109

14.2

2 +

124

+ 105

— 23

0 av.

119

22.2

2 +

137

+ 87

— 1

5 +

109

16.7

Oav.

133

+ 7

+ 88

2 +

109

19.6

Oav.

119

+ 55

— 53

6 +

132

20.1

Oav.

125

+ 23

— 14

1 +

120

19.5

2 +

149

+ 111 — 16

2 +

116

15.5

The districts indicated by number in the first column are
the following :—

Principal Wheat- producing Districts — 1, Scotland, N. ;

2, Scotland, E. ; 3, England, N.E. ; 4, England, E. ;

5, Midland Counties ; 6, England, S.
Principal Grazing, tyc. Districts — 7, Scotland, W. ; 8,

England, N.W.; 9, England. S.W. ; 10, Ireland, N. ;

11, Ireland, S. ; 12, Channel Islands.

THE PAST WEEK,

The following summary record of the weather for
the week ending August 5, is furnished from the
Meteorological Office : —

" The weather was fine and dry in nearly all parts
of our islands during the early days of the period,
but subsequently became very unsettled, squally, and
rainy, with occasional thunder and lightning.

" The temperature has just equalled the mean in
Ireland and the south-west of England, but in all
other districts it has been 2° or 3° above. The
highest of the maxima were recorded between July 30
and August 1, and varied from 73° to 75° in Ire-
land, from 75° to 81° in Scotland, and from 80° to
85° over England. Towards the end of the time the
maxima were much lower, the thermometer in some
cases not reaching 60°, and only rising to 70° at a
few of our southern stations. The lowest of the
minima, which were registered on somewhat irre-
gular dates, ranged from 44° in ' Ireland, N.,' to 50°
in ' England, S.,' and 56° in the ' Channel Islands.'

" The. rainfall has been a little less than the mean
in 'Scotland, N.,' and about equal to it over
southern, central, and north-eastern England, as well
as in the west of Scotland. Over Ireland, the
western parts of England, the Channel Islands, and
in ' England, E.,' however, an excess is shown.

" Briqht sunshine shows a decrease in most parts
of Scotland and in the North of Ireland, but in all
other districts it has been more prevalent than it
was last week. The percentage of the possible
amount of duration ranged from 22 in 'Scotland,
N.,' and 24 in ' Scotland, W.,' to 48 in the ' Channel
Islands.' 49 in ' England, S.,' and 55 in ' Eng-
land, F,.' "

Markets.

COVENT GARDEN, August 8.

Business quiet, owing to the holidays. James Web-
ber, Wholesale Apple Market.

Fruit.— Average Wholesale Prices.

s.d. s.d.
Currants, Black, A-

sieve 4 0-60

— Bed, A-sieve ... 3 6-46
Gooseberries.'A-sieve 3 0-36
Grapes, per ID. ... U 6-2 6

5. d. s. d.

Lemons, per case ...12 0-21 0
Peaches, per doz. ... 6 0-15 0
Pine-apples, Eng., lb. 16-30
— St. Michael, each 2 0-60

Vegetables.— Average Retail Prices.

Beans, Fr., per lb. ...
Beet, red, per dozen
Carrots, per bunch...
Cauliflowers, each ...
Celery, per bundle ...
Cucumbers, each ...
Endive, per dozen ...
Green Mint, bunch...
Herbs, per bunch ...
Leeks, per bunch ...
Lettuce, per dozen ...

g. d. s.
0 6- ..
10-2
0 6- ..

0 3- ..

1 6- 2
0 6-0

2 0- ..
0 4- ..
0 4- ..

0 3- ..

1 6- ..

Mushrooms, punnet 2
Mustard and Cress,

punnet 0

Onions, per bunch ... 0
Parsley, per bunch... 0
Peas, per quart ... 1
Shallots, per lb. ... 0
Spinach, per bushel..
Tomatos, per lb. ...
Turnips, per bunch

new

d.
0- ,

0 4- .

0 5-

0 4-

1 3- ,
0 6- ,
3 6- ,
0 9- .

s.d.

0 5-

Potatos. — Trade still very quiet, only the very best samples
commanding a sale. Kidneys, 3s. 6d. to 4s. 6d. per cwt. ;
Beauty of Hebron, 3s. to 4s. ; Early Rose, 3s. to 3s. 6d.
The late heavy rain is causing '^disease to spread in some
districts. J. B. Thomas.

Plants in Pots.— Average Wholesale Prices.

Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6
Asters, per dozen ... 3
Balsams, doz. ... 2

Begonias, dozen ... 4
Calceolarias, dozen 4
Cockscombs, doz. ... 3
Cyperus, per dozen . 4
Dracaena terminalis,

per dozen 30

— viridis, per doz.12
Erica, various, doz.12
Euonymus, in var..

per dozen

Evergreens, in var.

per dozen o

Ferns, in var., doz. 4
Foliage plants, vari-
ous, each 3

Ficus elastica, each . 1

d. s. d.
0-18 0
0-6 0
0-5 0
0-12 0
0-9 0
0-6 0
0-12 0

Fuchsias, dozen ... 3
Hydrangea, per doz. 9
Liiium lancifolium,

per dozen 12

— auratum, doz. ...12
longifotium, doz.12

Lobelias, dozen ... 3

Marguerites, doz. ... 6

Mignonette, doz. ... 3

Musk, dozen ... 2

Nasturtiums, doz. ... 3

] Palms in var., each 2

6 0-18 0 Pelargoniums, per

dozen 6

— Ivy-Leafed, doz. 3

— scarlet, doz. ... 2
Rhodanthe, per doz. 4
Solanums, per dozen 6

0-60 0
0-24 0
0-30 0

0-24 0
0-18 0

0-10 0

6-7 0

d. s. d.
0-8 0
0-18 0

0-24 0
0-30 0
0-21 0
0-8 0
0-12 0
0-6 0
0-4 0
0-5 0
6-21 0

0-15 0
0-4 0
0-4 0
0-6 0
0-12 0

Cut Flowers.— Average Wholesale Prices.

Abutilons, 12 bun. ...
Asters, Fr., per bun.

— English, per bun.
Bouvardias, per bun.

— Brenchleyensis,
12 sprays

Carnations, 12 bun.

— 12 blooms
Chrysanth., 12 Vjlms.
Coreopsis, 12 bun.
Cornflowers, 12 bun.
Dahlias, 12 buu.
Eucharis, per dozen
Gaillardias, 12 ban.
Gardenias, 12 blooms
Gladioli, 12 bun. ...

— 12 sprays
Heliotropes, 12 spr.
Lavender, 12 bun. ...
Liiium, various, 12

blooms

s.d. s. d.

2 0-40
0 9-16
0 4-06
0 6-09

10-16

3 0-60
10-30
0 6-30
10-30
10-30
3 0-60
3 0-60
2 0-40

2 0-40
6 0-12 0
10-16
0 6-10

3 6-60

10-50

Maiden Hair Fern,

12 bun

Marguerites, 12 bun.
Mignonette. 12 bun.
Pansies, 12 bun.
Pelargoniums, 12 spr.

— scarlet, 12 spr....
Pinks (var.), 12 bun.
Primulas, dbl., 12 sp.
Rhodanthe, 12 bun.
Roses, Tea, per doz.

— coloured, dozen.

— red, per dozen ...

— Safrano, dozen...
Stephanotis, 12 spr.
Stock, 12 bunches ...
Sunflowers, various,

per 12 bun.
Sweet Sultan, 12 bun.
Sweet Peas, 12 bun.
Tuberoses. 12 buns....

s. d. s. d.

4 0-90

3 0-60
10-40
10-20
0 6-10
0 3-06
2 0-40
0 9-10

4 0-60
0 6-20
2 0-40
0 4-10
0 6-10

2 0-40

3 0-60

3 0-60
3 0-40
2 0-60
0 4-10

Orchid bloom in variety, fairly good supply.

SEEDS.

Loudon: Aug. 7. — Messrs. John Shaw & Sons,
seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane, E.C., describe
the seed market to-day as of quite a holiday char-
acter, but the autumn trade generally is now rapidly
developing. Trifolium incarnatum firmly maintains
the late advance. This year's crop of French Italian
Ryegrass will be large and prices have therefore
opened at a low level. Trefoil also will be fairly
abundant. White Mustard is in brisk request at the
moderate rates current. Rapeseed moves off slowly
on former terms. Some good new Rye is now offer-
ing. Hemp seed is quiet : Canary seed depressed.

CORN.

Averages. — Official statement showing the average
price of British corn, imperial measure, in the
week ended August 3 : — Wheat, 30s. 8(1. ; Barley,
19s. lid. ; Oats, 20s. 6d. For the corresponding
week in 1888 :— Wheat, 33s. 8d. ; Barley, 19s. Ad. ;
Oats, 18s. Gd.

FRUITS AND VEGETABLES.

f Spitalfields : Aug. 7.— English Apples, os. to 7s.
per bushel ; Fears, 2?. Zd. to 3s. per half-sieve ;
Gooseberries, 3s. 6d. to 4s. do. ; Black Currants, 7s.

do. ; Red Currants, 4s. to 4s. &d. do. ; Raspberries,
24s. per cwt. ; English Tomatos, 4s. 6d. to 6s. per
12 lb. ; foreign Tomatos, 6d. to Is. per box ; Green
Gages, 4s. 6d. to 5s. per half-sieve; Orleans Flu ms,
5s. dd,. to 6s. Gd. do. ; Cabbages, 2s. to 4s. per tally ;
Vegetable Marrows, 2s. to 3s. do. ; Radishes, 2s. to
3s. do. ; French Beans, 2s. 9d. to 3s. per bushel
Scarlet Beans, 2s. 3d. to 3s. Gd. do. ; Broad Beans,
Is. do. ; Peas, Is. Gd. to 2s. Gd. do. ; do., in sacks, 3s.
to 4s. per sack ; Turnips, 2s. to 3s. per dozen bunches ;
Carrots Is. 9d. to 2s. do ; Parsley, Is. to Is. Gd. do. ;
Mint, Is. to Is. Gd. do. ; Endive, Is. to Is. Gd. per
dozen ; Cos Lettuce, 6d. to lOd. per score ; Mustard
and Cress, Is. to Is. Gd. per dozen baskets ; Leeks,
Is. Gd. to 2s. per dozen ; spring Onious, Is. 9d. to
2s. per dozen bunches ; frame Cucumbers, Is. 6^. to
2s. per dozen ; natural do., 6^. to Od. do. ; Belgian
Onions, 5s. Gd. to 3s. per bag of 110 lb. ; Dutch
Onions, 2s. Gd. to 3s. Gd. do.

Stratford : Aug. G. — Both trade and supply have
been good during the past week. Prices : — Cabbages,
2s. to 3s. per tally; Apples, English, 3s. to 6s, per
bushel ; Watercress, Gd. per dozen ; Pears, English,
4s. to 5s. Gd. per sieve ; Tomatos, dd. to 2s. per box ;
Greengages, 5s. per flat ; Plums, 7s. Gd. per half-
sieve; Cucumbers, English, 3s. Gd. to 5s. per dozen ;
do., Dutch, 9d. to Is. Gd. do., ; Broad Beans, 2s. Gd.
to 3s. per bag.

POTATOS.

Borough and Spitalfields, Aug. 6. — Fresh
supplies not heavy, with good stocks on hand, and a
slow demand. Early Rose, 50s. to 70s. ; Regents,
65s. to 80s.; Myatt's, 60s. to 100s.; Hebrons, 55s.
to 90s. per ton.

Spitalfields : Aug. 7. — Quotations : — Magnums,
50s. to 60s. ; Myatt's kidneys, 60s. to 70s. ; Regents,
70s. to 80s. ; Hebrons, 60s. to 70s. ; Early Rose, 55s.
to 65s. per ton.

Stratford : Aug. 6. — Quotations : — Early Rose,
40s. to 55s. ; Hebrons, 50s. to 70s. ; Regents, 50s. to
70s.; Kidneys, 60s. to 70s. per ton.

HAY.

Averages. — The following are the averages of the
prices obtained at the various metropolitan markets
during the past week : — Prime old Clover, 120s.
to 144s. ; new, 85s. to 116s. ; inferior, 45s. to 75s. ;
best hay, 78s. to 108s. ; inferior, 20s. to 50s. ; straw,
24s. to 40s. per load.

Enquiries.

" He that questioneth much shall learn much." — Bacon.

Instruction in Practical Gardenixo. — Can any
of our correspondents inform " Hortus " of any
place in Great Britain where a lady could get
instruction in practical Gardening? Age twenty-
five. Knows something of vegetable growing ;
strong, and fond of out-of-door work. If there is no
such place in England, are ladies admitted to any of
the Continental schools of horticulture, or to the
Michigan Agricultural College, U.S.A. ?

Notices to Correspondents.

— . —

Apple Trees Damaged: A. E. H. Probably the
work of the Leopard Moth.

Books : J. G. The well-known works of Bentham,
of Hooker, and of Babington (latest editions), the
volumes of the Journal of Botany. See also the
list just published by Geo. Bell & Sons, which will
give you in the form of an alphabetical list all the
information you seem to require.

Carnation Lady Middleton : W. I". A handsome
flower of good size, and of the general appearance
of Souvenir de la Malmaison, of which it is a sport,
but of darker colour, marbled with rosy flakes and
spots.

Chrysanthemums : W. K. G. Tour plants appear to
have been affected with some insect; but, in the
absence of further information, we cannot say
what.

Correction. — On p. 139, col. c, of last week's issne,
it is stated that " 1 foot 16 inches " should be
allowed between rows of Ellam's Cabbage. This
is an error, and should read " 1 foot 6 inches."

172

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August ID, 1889.

Cypiupedium Stonei vab. : G. W. C. A good flower,
having the dorsal sepal more developed than in
the ordinary form.

Gardeners' Holidats : J. B. We cannot under-
take to advise you where to go in your three days.
You should see Kew, some of the parks, and a few
of the nurseries.

Names of Fruit : E. H. Your specimens were
again much bruised. Cotton wool should never
be used tor packing. It is impossible to name
certain Peaches with certainty in the absence of
foliage, &c. No. 1 is Noblesse ; 2, Grosse Mi-
gnonne, probably ; 3, Royal George, probably.

Names of Plants : J.K. 1, Cannot Dame ; 2, Rosa
lucida, fl.-pl. ; 3, Adiantum Mariesii. — J. C. 1,
Euphorbia exigua ; 2. Matricaria inodora ; 3, Cru-
cibulum vulgare. — E. C. CD. Lysimachia vul-
garis.— T. Turner. 1, Specimen insufficient ; 2,
Atriplex angustilolia ; 3, Helminthia echioides ;
4, Sisymbrium sophia ; 5. Scandix pecten ; 6, Le-
pidium campestre. — E. D. L. Calamintha pata-
vina. — Watkins $■ Sanson. Echinops ritro, and
Trifolium angustifolium. — W. S. C. P. 1, Gna-
phalium sylvaticum ; 2, Crepis alpina; 3, Poten-
tilla hirta; 4, PhUeuma canescens ; 5, Samolus
repens; 6, not recognised. — Mungu Chapman. 1,
Spiraja japonica ; 2, S. salicifolia ; 3, Santolina
pinnata ; 4, S. squarrosa ; 5, Veronica longifolia ;
6, Geranium nodosum. — Camjee. Oncidium pr;c-
textum ; Dendrobium densirjorum — both ordinary
forms. — W. H. Odontoglossum vexillarium var.
splendens — fine form. — A. C 1, Stachys laoata ;
2, Aloe verrucosa ; 3, A. lingua ; 4, Cotyledon
species. — W. G. Apparently Cichorium Intybus,
but it may be the garden Endive run back. —
C W. K. Rodriguesia planifolia. — A. Z. Speci-
men insufficient.

Peaches, &c. : G. S. There is something wrong
with the roots ; too much wet about. We cannot
say more in the absence of details.

Pea-Nuts: E. IV. L. These are the pods of a
tropical Pulse, ripened beneath the surface of the
ground. The seeds contain a large quantity of oil
used by soap-makers and others. The nuts are
also used as cattle-food. On account of their
agreeable flavour they are eaten by children under
the name of Monkey-nuts, or Ground-nuts.

Pear : G. $ S. The fruits sent are those of Doyenne
d'Ete ; it may be a seedling, but is not a novelty.

Potatos within Potatos : Correspondent. Illustra-
tions of this have frequently been given in our
columns. In your case it appears as if the tubers
had been cut open, as by the edge of the hoe, and
the young tubers have developed from the edge of
the wound, just within the rind, in the same way
that new bulbs are produced by slicing or scooping
the base of old Hyacinth bulbs.

Tobacco Curing: W. Parks. You must refer to
some manual on the subject, as it would take too
much space to reply here. See English Tobacco
Culture, by E. J. Beale (London : E. Marlborough
& Co.), price 5s. What will the Excise officers say ?

Tomatos Diseased : J. F. Parker. Your plants are
attacked by the black spot fungus, Cladosporium
lycopersici, described and illustrated on p. 408 of
our issue for October 1, 18S7.

HAWKINS' Perfection System of GLAZING
is f.ir the best, no drip, no exit of hot air, and half the
cost. The cheapest house in the kingdom for any kind of
glass structure.

T. HAWKINS, Ashford, Middlesex.

CUCUMT.ER or MELON FRAMES. —In
order that the public may test the merits of my Perfec-
tion Glazing, I will send at cost price. Single Frame. 6 by 4 feet,
27s. ; Double Frame, with 2 lights, 8 by 6 feet, painted and
glazed, for 4ds.

T. HAWKINS. Ashford, Middlesex.

GREENHOUSES at about half usual Trade
price, 100 by 20 feet, £100; 100 by 12 feet, £30; 60 by
12 feet, £60 ; SO by 10 feet, £30.

T. HAWKINS. Ashford, Middlesex.

GREAT BARGAIN.— FORCING HOUSE,
50 by 10 feet, strongly built and admirably adapted for
the purpose. Price only £35.

T. HAWKINS, Ashford, Middlesex.

CATALOGUES RECEIVED.

Vilmorin-Andrieux & Co., 4, Quai de la Megisserie,
Paris— Bulbs and Strawberries.

James Dickson & Sons, 32. Hanover Street, Edin-
burgh— Dutch Flower Roots.

Cooper, Taber & Co. (Limited), 90, Southwark
Street. London, S.E — Bulbs.

J. R. Pearson & Sons, Chilwell Nurseries, Notting-
ham— Dutch Bulbs.

Van Velsen Bros., Wagenweg No. 5, Haarlem, Hol-
land— General Catalogue of Bulbs and Herba-
ceous Plants.

W. Cutbush & Sons. Highgate Nurseries, London,
N. — Hyacinths, Tulips, &c.

Haige & Schmidt, Erfurt, Germany — Flower Roots
and Bulbs.

Communications Rkckived.— W. N.— W. G. S.— D. B. T..,
Buffalo.— W. S.— H. E.— A. C. M.— S. H.— C. W.-H. W.
W.-J. W.— R. W. K.— W. H.— F. W. B.— J. B., Chiswick.
— Hardy.— T. W. G.-J. T.— A. V.— J. D.— J. A.— L. W.,
Ontario.— J. H., Trinidad. -G. M. W., Natal.— G. C. B.—
E. J.— P. W.— Hortus,— J. W. O.— Dr. Wilson.— J. S.— R.
A. R.— T. K. A. (thanks).— F. R— A.;0.— W. B. H.— W. K.,
Streatham Hill .

GARDEN REQUISITES. — Stioks, Labels,
Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic Work,
Manures. &c. Cheapest Prices of
WATSON AND SCULL, 90, Lower Thames Street, London, E.O.

BE D STEADS. — For the use of
Domestic Servants. Children, anil Institutions, we
sold during 1888. of our O design BEDSTEADS and WOODS'
PATENT WOVEN STEEL WIRE MATTRESSES combined,
3200. Carriage paid to any Railway Station. Liberal Dis-
count. Send for a " Book of French and Persian Designs," to
THE LONGFORD WIRE CO. (Limited). Warrington.

HILL

BLACK

& SMITH'S

VARNISH

for Preserving Ironwork, Wood, or Stone.

(.Registered Trade Mark.)

An excellent substitute for oil pamt, at one-third the cost.

Used in all London Parks, at Windsor, and Kew Gardens,
and on every important estate in the Kingdom. Has stood
the test of forty years* trial. Requires no mixing; can be
applied cold by any ordinary labourer.

Price Is. 6d. per gallon at the manufactory, or carriage-paid
to any railway station, U. Sd. per gallon in casks of 36, 20, or
10 gallons.

„ Every Cask bears the above

G A. U T I 0 -ZV . Registered Trade Mark. Beware

of cheap imitations.

HILL & SM!I TH,

Brierley Ironworks, Dudley ;

118, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C. ;

47. Dawson Street. Dublin.

NEW SEASON'S ARCHANGEL MATS.
First shipment just arrived.— RAFFIA FIBRE. Bright
and prime quality, all plaited. Prices on application.
JAMES T. ANDERSON. 135, Commercial Street, London, E.

Horticultural Builders,

B0ULT0N&PAUL"w^

21-OZ. and 16-OZ. Foreign, of above sizes, in boxes of 100 feet

and 200 feet super.
English Glass, cut to buyers' sizes, at lowest prices, delivered

free and sound in the country, in quantity.

" HORTICULTURAL PUTTY." Own Special Manufacture.

GEORGE FARMILOE <fc SONS,

Lead. Gliss, Oil. and Colour Merchants,

34, St. Jonn Street, West Smltafleld. London, E.C.

Stock Lists and Prices on application. Please quote Chronicle.

CARSON'S PAINT

Patronised by 18,000 of the Nobility. Gentry,
and Clergy, for all kinds of

OUTDOOR WORK, CONSERVATORIES,

Greenhouses, Frames, Ac.
1 Cwt„ and Oil Mixture, Free to all Stations.

Liquid Non-Poisonous Paints for Inside of Conservatories, &c.
Prices, Patterns, and Testimonials, Post-free.

LA BELLE 8AUVAGE YARD, LUDQATB HILL, E.C.

BACHELOR'S WALK, DUBLIN.— Discount jor Cash.

No. 74.— THREE- QUARTER SPAN
GARDEN FRAME.

The most useful of all Frames that are made, owing to the
extra height and convenience for attention. They are 13
inches high at front, '24 inches high at back, and 3:2 inches at
the ridge, bolted at the corners, easily ta'ken to pieces if required.
The Lights are 2 inches thick, fitted witlvset^opes. and arranged
to turnover, back and front, for ventilating. Glazed with beat
21-oz. English glass, and painted four coats.

Cash

Prices,

Carriage/

and

Packing

FREE.

CARRIAGE is paid to any station in England and Wales, to
Dublin. Cork, Derry, Glasgow, aud Edinburgh, or stations
equivalent. CATALOGUES POST-FREE.

Length. Width.

1 Light

rame, 4 ft. by 6 ft.

8 „ by (3 „

3 „

12 „ by 6 „

4 „

16 „ by 6 „

6 H

20 „ by (5 „

a „

24 „ by 6 „

£2

15 0

7 6

0 0

12 6

5 0

10 17 6

Telescopic Ladders.
Telescopic Steps.
Telescopic Trestles.
Convertible Ladder Steps.
Universal Step Ladders.
Turnover Step Ladder*.
Folding Pole Ladders-
Lattice Steps, very light.
Umpire's Step Chairs.

Great variety of design!
and sizes. S zes oft. to 60/r.
Order direct, carriage paid.
Price Lists free.

HEATHMAN & CO.,

2, EN DELL STREET; and
11, HIGH STREET.

LONDON, W.C.

A.LEETE8iC°PAINTW0RKS,l29 LONDON R". SI

Farms, Estates, Residences.

Any one desirous of Renting a Farm or Residence,
Purchasing an Estate, can have copies of the

MIDLAND COUNTIES' HERALD
supplied free for six weeks on stating the purpose for
which the paper is required, forwarding name and address, and
six halfpenny stamps for postage, addressed " Midland Counties
Herald Office, Birmingham." The Midland Counties Herald
always contains large numbers of advertisements relating to
Farms. Estates, and Residences for Sale and to be Let.

Belgian.

BULLETIN d'ARBORICULTURE,
de FLORICULTURE, et de CULTURE MARAI-
CHERE. A monthly horticultural work, with superb Coloured
Plates and Illustrations. Published since 1865, by F. Burve-

NICH, F. PaYNAERT, E. RODIGAS, and H. J. VAN HULLE,
Professors at the Horticultural School of the Belgian Govern-
ment at Ghent. Post-paid, 10s. per annum.
H. J. VAN HULLE, Botanical Gardens, Ghent, Belgium.

Acgust 10, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

173

T H E

GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

("THE TIMES OF HORTICULTURE")

M mutltly Illustrated journal

(Established 1841)

CONTAINS ARTICLES ON ALL DEPARTMENTS OF

GARDENING,

NOTICES of all HORTICULTURAL MATTERS of CURRENT INTEREST,

Reports of Exhibitions, Reviews of Books, and Home, Colonial, and Foreign Correspondence.
Original Illustrations by W. H. FITCH, F.L.S., W. G. SMITH, F.L.S., W. J. WELCH, and Others.

Among' the Contributors to recent Volumes the following, out of many hundreds may be named : —

ALPINE PLANTS :-
BACKHOUSE, .T.
BALL, J„ F.R.S.

CHURCHILL, G. C, Clifton, Bristol.
CORREVON, H„ Geneva.
DEWAR, D., Kew.
DOD, Rev. C. W.
JENKINS, E. .

AMATEUR GARDENINGS-
BADGER, E. W.
BOYLE, Hon. Mrs. E. V. B.
" S. BRIGLD."
BRIGHT, the late H. A. ( " Notes

from a Lancashire Garden").
CLARKE, Col. Trevor.
EWBANK, Rev. H., Ryde.
LOWNE. B. T.
THOMSON. W.
WEIR, Harrison.

ARBORETUM :-

BARRON. W., Borrowash.
LAVALLEE, Alphonse, the late.
NICHOLSON, G., Curator, Royal Gar-
dens, Kew.
SARGENT, Prof., Boston. U.S.A.
SYME, G.

YEO."D. J., Lvneham.
YOUNG, Maurice.

BEE-KEEPING :-
CHITTY, W.
ROBINSON, J. F.

CHEMISTRY :-

CHURCH, Prof., Kew.
DEHERALN, Prof., Paris.
DY'ER, Bernard.
GLLBERT, Prof., Rothamsted.
LAWES, Sir J. B.. Rothamsted.
MITCHELL, W. S.
WARINGTON, R. Rothamsted.
WILLIS. J. J.

DISEASES OF PLANTS :-

ARTHUR, Prof., New Y'ork.
BASTIAN, Dr. Charlton, F.R.S.
BOS. Dr. Rit/.ema, Wageningen.
BERKELEY, the late Rev. M. J., F.R.S.
COOKE, Dr. M. C.
MURRAY. G., British Museum.
PAGET, Sir James, F.R.S.
PHILIPPS, W.

PLOWRIGIIT, C. B., (Fungi).
SMITH. W. G.

SORAUER. Prof.. Proskau. [Forestry.
WARD, Prof. Marshall, School of

FERNS :-

BAKER, J. G., Royal Gardens, Kew.
DRUERY, C.

MOORE, T. (the late), Botanic Gardens,
HEMSLEY, A. [Chelsea.

FLORISTS' FLOWERS :—
DEAN, R., Ealing.
DODWELL, E. S° Oxford.
D'OMBRAIN, Rev. H. H.
DOUGLAS, J., Ilford.
DOWNIE, J„ Edinburgh.
HORNER, Rev. F. D.
MOLYNEUX, E.
PAUL, G., Paisley.
TURNER, C, the lute.

FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE :-
ADLAM, R. W., Natal.
ANDRE, E., Paris.
ANTOINE, F., the lale. Vienna.
BENNET, H., M.D., Mentone,
BERGMAN, E., Fcrriores.
BONAVIA, C, Luckuow.

FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE :-

CARUEL, Prof., Florence.
CASPARY, Prof., Kuenigsberg.
DAMMAR, Dr. Udo. Berlin.
DE MAR. J. A., Boston, U.S.A.
DRUDE, Prof., Dresden.
DUCHARTRE, Prof., Paris.
EICHLER. the late. Prof., Director,

Imperial Botanic Gardens, Berlin.
ENGLEK, Prof., Breslau.
FENZI. Cav. E.. Florence.
HAXBURY, T., Mentone.
HART. J. H.. Trinidad.
HENRIQUEZ, Prof., Coimbra.
JOLY, C, Paris.
JENMAN, J. S.. British Guiana.
KOLB, Max, Munich.
KRELAGE, E. H., Haarlem.
LANGE, Prof.. Copenhagen.
LEH.MANN, H., Popayan.
MEEHAN. T.. Philadelphia.
MONTEIRO. Chev., Lisbon.
MORREN, the late Prof., Liege.
NAUDIN, C, Antibes.
NELSON, C. J., Orange Free State.
OLIVELRA, J. D.', Oporto.
OLIVER, Captain S. P., Madagascar.
PLANCHON, Prof., Moutpellier.
PYNAERT, E., Ghent.
REGEL, E., St. Petersburg.
RODIGAS, E., Ghent.
SURINGAR, Prof., Leyden.
TROUUETZKOI, Prince (Eucalyptus).
VILMORIN, H. de, Paris.
WITTMACK, Dr., Berlin.
WOLKENSTEIN, St. Petersburg.

FORESTRY :-

BRACE, C. J., France.
FRANCE, C. S., Aberdeen.
MICHLE, C. Y., Cullen, Aberdeen.
SCHLICH. Dr. Superintendent, Forest

Department, Cooper';- Hill.
WEBSTER. A. D.. Bromley.

FRUIT CULTURE :-

BARRON. A. F.. Chiswick.

BLACK.MORE, R. D.

BUNYARD, G., Maidstone, Kent.

CHEAL, J., Crawley, Sussex.

RIVERS. T. F.

WARD, E., Hewell Grange.

WILDSMITH, W., Hecktield Gardens.

GARDEN BOTANY :-

BAKER, J. G., F.R.S.

BALFOUR, Prof., Edinburgh.

BALL, J., F.R.S.

BENTHAM. the late G., F.R.S.

BOLUS, H.. Cape Town.

BROWN, N. E., Herbarium, Kew.

BURBIDGE, F. W., Botunic Gardens,

CLARKE, Col. Trevor. [Dublin.

CLARKE, C. B., F.R.S.

COOKE, Dr. (Fungi).

CORNU, Prof. Max, Paris.

DECAISNE, the late Prof., Paris.

DE CANDOLLE, A., Geneva.

DYER, W. T. T., Director, Royal

Gardens, Kew.
ELLACOMBE, Rev. Canon.
ELWES, H. J. (Lilies), [fers).

ENGELMAXN, the late Dr. G. (Coni-
FKANCHET, Paris. [U.S.A.

GRAY, Prof. Asa, the late, Boston,
HEMSLEY, W. li., Kew,
HOOKER, Sir J. D., K.C.S.I., late

Director, Royal Gardens, Kew.
JACKSON. Museum, Royal Gardens,

Kew (Economic Botanv).
LEICHTLIN. Max. Baden-Baden.
LINDSAY', R., Royal Botanic Gardens,

Edinburgh,
MAW. G. (Crocus).
MOORE, F., Royal Gardens, Glasnevin.

GARDEN BOTANY :-

MORRIS. D.. Assistant Director. Kew.

NAUDIN, C, Antibes.

OLIVER, Prof., F.R.S.

ROLFE, R. A., The Herbarium, Kew.

SMITH, W. G. (Fungi).

STEIN, Breslau Gardens.

STRICKLAND, Sir C.

TODARO, Baron, Palermo.

WATSON, Sereuo. Boston. U.S.A.

GARDEN INSECTS :-

McLACHLAN, R., F.R.S., Pres. Ent.

Soc.
MICHAEL, A. E.. F.R.S.
WESTWOOD. Prof.. F.R.S.

HERBACEOUS PLANTS :-
BARR. P., Covent Garden.
CREWE, Rev. H. Harpur, the late.
DOD, Rev. C. W.
ELLACOMBE, Rev. Canon.
ELWES, H. J.. Cirencester.
HARTLAND. Bavlor, Cork.
PERRY, Tottenham.
POTTER. W., York.
WILSON, G. F.. F.R.S.

INDIA AND THE COLONIES :-

BANCROFT, G.. M.D., Queensland.

BENNETT, G., M.D.. Sydney.

BONAVIA, Dr., N. W. P., India.

COOPER, Sir Dan., Bart., Sydney.

DUTHIE, J. F., Saharunpore.

FAWCETT, W., Superintendent Botani-
cal Department Jamaica

HART, J. H., Superintendent, Botanical
Department, Trinidad.

IM THURN", Everard, British Guiana.

KING, Dr., Director, Royal Botanic
Gardens, Calcutta.

MACOWAN, Prof., Cape Town

MUELLER, Baron Sir Ferd. von,
Melbourne.

MURTON, H. J., Siam.

RIDLEY', H. N., Superintendent Botan-
ical Department, Singapore.

SCHOMBURGK. Dr., Adelaide.

SMITH, T.. New Zealand.

TRIMEN. H.. Ceylon.

WOOD, Medley, Botanic Garden, Dur-
ban.

LANDSCAPE GARDENING :-

ANDRE. E., Paris.
BOSCAWEN, Hon. and Rev. J. T.
BURVENICH, F.. Ghent.
JACKMAN, J., Woking.
JULIAN, G. Richards.

ORCHIDS :-

ANDERSON. J.. Meadovbank.

BACKHOUSE, J., York.

BULL, W.

BULLEN. R.. Botanic Gardens,

Glasgow.
BUYSSON, M. I.e Comte.
CRAWSHAY. De B.
LAWRENCE. Sir Trevor. Bart.. M.P.,

President, Roval Horticultural Soc.
LEE. W., Downside.
LINDEN, Lucien, Brussels.
O'BRIEN, James.
PFITZER, Prof., Heidelberg.
REICHENBACH, Prof.. Hamburgh.
RIDLEY. H. N., Singapore.
SANDER, F.
SMEE, A. H.
SWAN, W., Staines.
VEITCH, H. J.
WILLIAMS. B. S.
WOOLFORD, C.

PRACTICAL GARDENING :-
ATKINS, J.

AUSTEN. J., Witlev Court Gardens.
BAILLIE, W. M., Luton Hoo Gardens.
BAINES, T.
BAXTER, W. H., Botanic Gardens,

Oxford.
BLAIR, T., Shrubland Gardens.
CARMICHAEL, A. M., Henley in Arden.
CHALLIS, T.

CHRISTIE, A., Warwick Castle.
COLEMAN, W., Eastnor Castle

Gardens.
COOMBER. J., TheHendre, Monmouth.
COOMBER, W., Regent's Park.
CROSSLING, R., St. Fagan's Castle

Gardens.
CULVERWELL, W., Thorpe Perrow.
DEAN, A. (Potatos, &c).
DEWAR, D., Royal Gardens, Kew.
DIVERS. W. H.. Ketton.
DOUGLAS, J.. Great Gearies, Ilford.
DUNN, M., Dalkeith.
EARLEY, W., Ilford.
EVANS, A., Lythe Hill Gardens.
FINDLAY, B., Manchester.
FISH, D. T., Hardwicke Gardens.
FOWLER, A., Castle Kennedy

Gardens.
GIBSON, W. M. (Town Gardening).
GRIEVE, P., Burv St. Edmunds.
HEMSLEY', A. (Market Plants).
HERRI.V, C, Dropmore.
HUDSON, J. (Stove Plants).
INGRAM, W., Belvoir Gardens.
LYNCH, R. J., Botanic Gardens,

Cambridge.
McINDOE, J., Hutton Hall.
MELVILLE, D., Dunrobin Gardens.
MILES, G. T., Wycombe Abbey

Gardens.
MILLER, W., Coombe Abbey.
MOORE, F. W., Royal Botanic Garden,
O'BRIEN, T. [Glasueviu.

POWELL, D. C, Powderham Castle.
RICHARDS. G. H., Somerley Gardens.
ROBERTS, J., Gunnersbury.
ROSS, F., Peudell Court, Bletchingley.
RUST, J.. Eridge Castle.
SAUL. M., Y'ork.

SHEPPARD, J., Wolverston Gardens.
SMITH, J., Mentmore Gardens.
SMY'THE, W., Basing Park.
TEMPLE, M„ Carron House, N.B.
THOMAS, 0„ Chatsworth Gardens.
THOMSON, W., Cloveuford (Vines).
WALLIS, J., Keele Gardens.
WARD, E., Hewell Grange, Bromsgrove.
WARD, H. W., Longford Custle

Gardens.
WARD. A.. Stoke Edith Park.
WATSON, W., Roval Gardens, Kew.
WEBSTER, J., Gordon Castle Gardens.
WILDSMITH, W., Heckfield Gardens.
WILSON, I>.
WILSON, G. F. (Lilies).

ROSES :-

BENNETT. H.

D'OMBRAIN, Rev. H. H.

FISH. D. T., Hardwick, Bury St.

FISHER, Rev. O. [Edmund.-.

G1KDLESTON, T. W.

PAUL, G., Cheshunt.

PAUL, W., Waltham Cross.

VEGETABLE PHYSIOLOGY :-
BENNETT, A. W.
BOULGER, Prof.
DARWIN, Charles, the lale.
FOSTER, Prof. Michael.
GARDLNER, W.. Cambridge.
GLAISHE-R, James (Meteorology.)
HENSLOW, Rev. G.

174

1 'HE GA RDENERS' CHR ONI CL E.

[August 10, 1889.

THE GARDENERS! CHRONICLE

Scale of Charges for Advertising.

Head Line charqed as two.

4 Lines

6 „

7 „

8 „

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10 „

11 „

12 „

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AND SIXPENCE FOR EVERY ADDITIONAL LINE.

If set across two Columns, the lowest charge will be 205.

If set across three Columns the lowest charge will be 30s.

Page. £8; Half Page, £4 10s. ; Column, £3.

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it •

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Gardeners and others Wanting Situations.

26 words, including name and address, Is. 6^.,

and 6d. for every additional line (about 9 words) or part

of a line.

THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE PREPAID.

This scale does not apply to announcements of Vacant

Situations, which are charged at the ordinary scale.

IMPORTANT NOTICE. — Advertisers are cautioned
against having Letters addressed to Initials at Post-offices, as
all Letters so addressed are opened by the authorities and
returned to the sender.

Births, Deaths and Marriages, 5s. each insertion.

Advertisements for the current week must reach the Office by

Thursday noon.

All Subscriptions Payable In Advance.

The United Kingdom : 12 Months, 15s. ; 6 Months,

7s. 6d. ; 3 Months, 3s. 9d.

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17S. 6d. for 12 Months; India and China, 19s. 6d.

Post Office Orders to be made payable at the Post Office,

42, DRURY LANE, W.C., to W. Richards.

Publishing Office and Office for Advertisements
41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C.

GLASS.

CHEAP GLASS

8S. 6d. per 100 feet 15 oz. 12 X 10, 18 X 12, 18 X 14, 24 X 14,
14x12, 20X12, 18X16, 24X16,
123. per 100 feet 21 oz. ... 16 X 12, 16X14, 20X16, 24X18, &e.

All kinds of PAINTS at very low prices.
FLOORING at 7s. 3d. per square ; MATCHING at 5s. 9d. ;
3x9at2H- per foot run ; 2x4at£(i. ; MOULDINGS, IRON-
MONGERY, &c. Catalogues on application to

THE CHEAP WOOD COMPANY, 72, Bishopsgate Street
Within. London, E.C.

MADE WITH BOILING WATER.

E P P S ' S

GRATEFUL-COMFORTING.

COCOA

MADE WITH BOILING MILK.

THE BEST REMEDY FOR INDIGESTION.

NORTEKS

CAMOMILE FILLS.

Are confidently recommended as a simple but certain
remedy for

*** INDIGESTION **

See Testimonial, selected from hundreds :—

CROYDON, 1885.

For other Testimonials, see Monthly Magazines.
Sold everywhere, price is. ijrf., ss. gd. and us.

ESTATE SALES.

The Best County Medium for Advertising Sales of Estates is

THE "WORCESTER HERALD,"

Sales of Stock and Agricultural Effects.

The " WORCESTER HERALD " is the most effective organ
for giving publicity to announcements of this class. It is the
leading Agricultural Paper in the County, and Circulates
most extensively among Agriculturists in and around
Worcestershire.

Farms to Let.

Land Agents, Estate Managers, and all having Farms to Let
would do well to advertise in the " WORCESTER HERALD,'7
the Leading County Paper. Specially adapted for bringing
such notices before Tenant Farmers. Large circulation.
Moderate charge.

Situations Vacant and Wanted.

For producing results the "WORCESTER HERALD" is

recognised as a specially good medium. Cheap Rate3.

Apply for terms.

SPECIMEN FREE. Price 2d.

Published Friday for Saturday.

Offices : — 72, HIGH STREET, WORCESTER.

AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL INTERESTS

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THE AMERICAN CARDEN,

WHICH INCLUDES : —

THE AMERICAN GARDEN ... 16th Year.}

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY 30th Year. I United

and HORTICULTURIST 42nd Year. [ 0NE

THE FLORAL CABINET ... 17th Year. J

Making the Largest, Best, OUest, Liveliest, Handsomest
Gardening Magazine in America.

THE LEADING AMERICAN JOURNAL FOR

HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISEMENTS.

Subscription Price for England

and Countries in the Universal Postal Union, 10s.

E. H. LIBBY, Publisher, 751, Broadway,

New York, U.S.A.

Agents for Great Britain and Ireland :—

STEEL AND JONES, 4, Spring Gardens, Charing Cross.
London, S.W., to whom Orders for Advertisement sand Subscrip-
tions may be sent. ASpecimen Copy post-free for \0d. (stamps).

WORKS OF AUTHORITY ON BOTANY.

CIR JOSEPH PAXTON'S BOTANICAL

IO DICTIONARY. Comprising the names. History, and
Culture of all Plants known in Britain, together with a full
Explanation of Technieal Terms. Medium Svo, cloth. Price 25s.

BOTANY for BEGINNERS.
An Introduction to the Study of Plants. By Maxwell T.
Masters, M.D., F.R.S., late Examiner in Botany, University
of Loudon. With upwards of 100 Illustrations. Price 3s. Qd.

J INDLEY'S SCHOOL BOTANY.

I J A Complete Manual of Rudimentary Botany for Students.
Bus. With 400 Illustrations. 8vo. cloth. Price 5s. 6rf.

T INDLEY'S ELEMENTS of BOTANY.

JLv With Illustrations. 8vo, cloth. Price 9s.

T INDLEY'S MEDICAL and CECONOMI-

-Li CAX BOTANY. With numerous Illustrations. 8vo,
cloth. Price 5s.

T INDLEY'S DESCRIPTIVE BOTANY.

I l For Self-Instruction and the Use of Schools. Price
is. sewed.

London : BRADBURY, AGNEW AMD CO., 9, Bouverie
Street. E.C.

YOUNG LADIES who WANT TO BE

I INDEPENDENT, and make their own way in the world,
should write for a Prospectus of the SCIENTIFIC DRESS
CUTTING ASSOCIATION, 272, Regent Street, London, W.
Situations for all Pupils at good salaries.

Working Gardener.

WANTED, a clever MAN, of large expe-
rience, Inside and Out, and of unimpeachable
character. Two under him. State wages required.— Apply,
Moraston House, Ross, Herefordshire.

Gardener, Single-handed.

WANTED, a SINGLE-HANDED
GARDENER. Thoroughly practical Man. Must
understand Cultivation of Vines, Peaches under glass, Kitchen-
garden. Active worker. Not over 35. North countryman
preferred. Wife take Laundry-work if possible. Cottage
found.— State wages, experience, length of character, to
WILSON, 18, Finch Lane, London, E.C.

WANTED, an aotive working young MAN,
for Outside, must be experienced in Budding, Graft-
ing, and Growing Roses, Fruit Trees, Shrubs, &c, and be able
to Execute Orders, and take charge during employer's absence
Character indispensable.— R. W. PROCTOR, Nurseryman)
Ashgate Road, Chesterfield.

WANTED, a MAN who thoroughly under-
stands Growing Cucumbers, Tomatos, and Mush-
rooms, Ferns, Chrysanthemums, Roses, all Soft-wooded Stuff
for Cut Bloom, and Vegetables for Market ; also Forcing
Bulbs, &c. Must be a Churchman. 400 feet run of Houses
and 150 feet of Frames, all well heated. Wages 20.s. House
and commission.— Full particulars as to capabilities and ex-
perience, with reference, to M., Gardeners' Chronicle Office
41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

WANTED, a strong active-MAN for Kitchen"
Garden and Pleasure Ground, with good knowluu^e of
Hardy Plants, and capable of being left in charge. Total ab-
stainer and one fond of his work preferred. — Age, and copies of
testimonials, to A. J. BROWN, Aysgarth, R.S.O., Bedale,
Yorkshire.

WANTED, a MAN who understands Growl
ing Maidenhair Ferns and accustomed to Market
Nursery Work.— Wages and particulars to SHAW BROS.,
Knostrop, Leeds.

WANTED, IMMEDIATELY, a strong,
active young MAN, as Second, Inside and Out. State
age, &c. Wages, £1 per week; no bothy.— FLEMING, The
Gardens, Riverdene, Cookham, Berks.

WANTED, a young Man, as ASSISTANT
in the Houses. Two or three men used to Jobbing
and general Nursery Work ; also an ASSISTANT1 KNIFE-
MAN. Regular employment to suitable applicants. — Apply to
ACORN, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street,
Strand, W.C.

WANTED, an ASSISTANT MANAGER,
in a Nursery, Seed, and Florist Establishment. A
general knowledge of the Trade indispensable. Must be an
efficient Book-keeper, Catalogue Compiler, and Correspondent.
—Address (in confidence), with full particulars, VERTEGANS
AND CO., Birmingham.

WANTED, an ASSISTANT, for the Seed,
Bulb, and Plant Department. Must have a practical
knowledge of Wreath, Bouquet, and Cut Flower Trade. (Age
about 30, single preferred). — Apply, 100, care of Messrs. Hurst
& Son, Houndsditch, E.

GARDENING APPOINTMENTS.

Mr. E. Neve, for the last ten years at Bent-
ley Priory, has been appointed Head Gardener to
C. Van Raalite, Esq., Aldenham Abbey, Wat-
ford, Herts.

Mr. J. Buhke, late Head Gardener to Dowager
Lady Lyttelton, Perrystone Court, has been
appointed Head Gardener to J. Caldwell, Esq.,
Forest Hall, Essex.

Mr. Fleming, lately Gardener at Camden
Lodge, Bexley Heath, S.E., has been appointed
Head Gardener to Chas. Saxton, Esq., River-
dene, Cookham, Berks.

Mr. James Arkell, late Foreman at Swindon
Hall, near Cheltenham, has been appointed Head
Gardener to J. Hopton, Esq., Canon Frome
Court, Ledbury, Herefordshire.

WANT PLACES.

Letters addressed " Poste Restante" to initials or to fictitious
names are fiot forwarded, but are at once returned to ths
writers. -

Advertisers are requested when Remitting to give their
Names and Addresses, and also a Reference to the Adver-
tisements which they wish repeated. ^^

POSTAL ORDERS.— To Advertisers, Subscribers, and
Others.— It is very important in remitting by Postal Order
that it should be filled in payable at No. 42, DRURY
LANE, to W. RICHARDS, as, wiless the number of a
Postal Order is known, and it has been made payable at a
particular office, and to a particular person, it is impossible
to prevent any person into whose hands it may fall from
negotiating it.

N.B.— The best and safest means of Remitting is by
POST-OFFICE MONEY ORDER.

SCOTCH GARDENERS.— I have at present
several very superior MEN on my Register, whose cha-
racter and ability will bear the strictest investigation.—
JOHN DOWNIE, Seedsman, 144, Princes Street, Edinburgh.

BS. WILLIAMS begs to intimate that he
• has at present in the Nursery and upon his Register
some excellent Men, competent either to fill the situation of
HEAD GARDENER, BAILIFF, FOREMAN, or JOURNEY-
MAN. Ladies and Gentlemen requiring any of the above will
please send full particulars, when the best selections for the
different capacities will be made.— Hollo way, N.

August 10, 1889.]

THE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

175

Gardeners, Farm-Bailiffs, Foresters, &c.

DICKSONS, Royal Kurseries, Chester,
(Limited), are always in a position to RECOM-
MEND MEN of the highest respectability, and thoroughly
practical at their business. All particulars on application.
Telegraphic and Postal Address-" DICKSONS. CHESTER,"

RICHARD sllITH and cTd
beg to announce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and that tbey
will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars.
Sec— St. John's Nurseries, Worcester.

Gardeners, Foresters, Land Stewards.

1) B. LAIRD and SONS can recommend with
\t every confidence Scotchmen thoroughly qualified as
I GARDENERS, FORESTERS, or LAND STEWARDS, either for
i large or small establishments, and will be pleased to furnish full
particulars on application.— 17, Frederick Street, Edinburgh.

To Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring Land Agents,

STEWARDS. BAILIFFS, or GARDENERS.

JAMES CARTER and CO. have at all
times upon their Register reliable and competent MEN,
several of whom are personally "well known to Messrs. Carter.
, Enquiries should be made to 237 and 238, High Holborn. W.C.

ARDENER (Head).— Age 36, married, no

family ; competent in all branches. Highest references.
—A. BEECH, Hemsby, Great Yarmouth.

GARDENER (Head).— Well versed in the
Culture of choice Fruits, Flowers, and Vegetables. Six-
teen years' experience in good Gardens. Highest references. —
H. LOUTH, 25, Ospringe Road, Faversham.

GARDENER (Head) ; married. — John
ROBERTSON, late Gardener to Earl of Rosslin, is in
search of a situation as above. Known and can be recom-
mended by R. Gilbert, Burghley, Stamford.

GARDENER (Head).— No children ; great
practical experience as a Fruit, Flower, and Vegetable
Grower. Understands Land and Stock. Highest testimonials
as to character and ability. —ARMSTRONG, 21, Charlton
Road, Harlesden, N.W.

GARDENER (Head).— R. Gray, twelve years
Head Gardener at Chevening Park, seeks re-engage-
ment. Successful in all branches ; Fruit and Flower Forcing,
Kitchen Gardens, &c. Specialty in Grapes and Roses. Highest
character. — Hazel Cottage, Halstead, Sevenoaks.

GARDENER (Head), to any Nobleman,
Lady, or Gentleman requiring a goo>i practical man. —
Age 40 ; thoroughly up in Orchids, Ferns, and Stove Plants of
all kinds; Rhodanthe, Bouvardias, Forcing Grapes, Peaches,
Tomatos, Cyclamens, Chrysanthemums ; a good Kitchen Gar-
dener. Good refereaces. and abstainer. — E. D., Brockham
Lodge, Brockham, near Reigate.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Married,
two children (youngest 10) ; thoroughly experienced in
Early and Late Forciug, &c. Highest references from present
and former employers. — T. W., Monson Road, Redhill, Surrey.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Married ;
tall, active. Twenty-three years' thorough practical
experience. Three years in present situation, eight previous.
Highest testimonials. — J. W., Dendraeth Castle, Penrhyu,
N. Wales.

GARDENER (Head Working). — Age 36,
married ; twenty years' experience. Understands the
profession in all its branches. Nine years' character. — E. C,
Constitutional Club, Harrow,

GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 36,
married, no children ; thoroughly experienced and
trustworthy. Three years' personal character. — J. W., 6,
Orange Tree Terrace, Wilmington, Kent.

GARDENER (Head Working). — Married
when suited.— Address, Mr. T. RYDER, Head Gardener,
Brookdale Hall, Newton Heath, Manchester, who will be
' pleased to give full particulars respecting the above.

p ARDENER (Head Working) ; married.—

VJ I am anxious to thoroughly recommend my present

i Head Gardener. He is steady, hardworking, trustworthy, and

an excellent Gardener. Understands Stove and Greenhouse

Plants, and Orchids well. Out of London preferred. At liberty

( at any time.— T. M. SHUTTLEWORTH, ti, Hall Road, N.W,

GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 30 ;
sixteen years' practical experience in every branch of
Gardening, including Orchids, Pines, Vines, &c. Highest re-
ferences from Drumlaurig Castle, Thoresby Park, &c —
DREWITT, Stocklaud Green, Erdingtbn, Birmingham.

r\ ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 29,

VJ married, no family ; experienced in all branches. One
who studies his employers. Good testimonials. At liberty
one month after engagement to any Lady or Gentleman
requiring an active, honest, intelligent man.— PREWETT,
Gardener, Bitterne, Southampton.

iTj. ARDENER (Head Working), where one

VJ or more are kept ; married, one daughter (age 14).— A
Gentleman can thoroughly recommend a man as above. Ex-
perienced in Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Vines, &c. ; also
Land and Stock if required.— G. C, 7, Church Terrace, Dead-
worth. Windsor.

G GARDENER (Head Working); age 40,
A married.— H. Peckham, late Gardener to the Right
Hon. Earl of Aylesford, desires a re-engagement with any
Nobleman, Lady, or Gentleman requiring the services of a
. thorough energetic, industrious man. First-class Fruit,
Flower, and Vegetable Grower, and thoroughly understands
the general Management of a Large Establishment, and the
Packing for Market. Testimonials of the highest order.— 52,
Ferrers Road, Streatham Common, Surrey.

GARDENER (Head Working), where one
or more are kept. — Age 30, married, one child; fifteen
years' thorough practical experience Inside and Out ; rive years'
excellent character from last situation.— G. WARD, New Mill
End Laundry, Luton.

GARDENER (Head Working) ; age 30.—
William Lee, Esq. (late of Downside, Leatherhead),
will be pleased to highly recommend E. Bristow to any Lady
or Gentleman requiring a thoroughly efficient and trustworthy
man as above. Orchids a specialty. Seventeen years' expe-
rience in first-class establishments.— E. BRISTOW, Downside,
Leatherhead.

GARDENER (Head Working or good
Single-handed). —Ten years* experience in Large
Establishments. Highest references.— C. HYATT, The Gardens,
Glautorvaen House, Pontypool, Mon.

/^1 ARDENER (Head, or Single-handed).—

VJ Age 27, single; experienced in all branches. Twelve
months' good character.— W. DODD, Prospect Villa, Earls-
brook Road, Redhill, Surrey.

p ARDENER (Head or Single-handed).—

V_J Age 27 ; twelve years' practical experience. Inside and
Out. Well recommended. — J. JONES, The Gardens, Maire-
bonne House, Wigao, Lancashire.

GARDENER (Head, or good Single-
HANDED). — Age 42, married, no incumbrance ; well up
in all branches.— A. M., 9, Jacob's Well Mews, Manchester
Square, W.

GARDENER (Head), where one or two others
are kept, or would take a good Single-handed place.—
Age 36, married, two children (youngest aged 7) ; good practical
experience. Over five years' excellent character from last
situation; four and a half years previous. — J. B., 14, Station
Road, Preston, Brighton.

BAILIFF and GARDENER.— Fully under-
stands the Management of Grass and Arable Land ; also
the Breeding and Rearing of all kinds of Stock ; alsoa thorough
Horticulturist, being a first-class Grape, Peach, and Plant
Grower, having taken many first-class certificates for the
same. Can be highly recommended by present and previous
employers.— BAILIFF, Putney Park, S.W.

/^ARDENER (good Working, Single-

VJT handed, or Under).— Age 35 ; good all-round hand.
Three years' character. — R., 18, Archbishop Place, Summers
Road, Brixton Hill, S.W.

GARDENER (Single-handed) or otherwise.
— Age 23 ; married when suited. Four years in present
situation. Good character, and well recommended. — J. C.
ROCKSHAW, Merstham, Surrey.

GARDENER (Single-handed). — Age 2±,
married ; eight years' good reference as to ability and
character. Well experienced in all branches of the profession.
— T. NEWSOME. The Gardens. Womersley Park, Poutefract.

f^ ARDENER (Single-handed or where help

V_X is given). — Age 27, single; twelve years* experience.
Inside and Out. Thoroughly understands the Management
of Fruit, Flowers, and Vegetables. Good references from last
and previous places. — C. ANDERSON. Cedars, East Sheen,

(~^\ ARDENER (Single-handed, or good

\^A Second).— Age 28; ten years' experience. Goad cha-
racter from last place.— A. WHITEHEAD, E. Praill, High
Street, Brentwood.

GARDENER (Second, or Single-handed).
— Age 27, single; experience in all branches. Very
steady, willing. Christian young man. Excellent character. —
L. INGRAMS, Crockham Hill, Ed^nbridge, Kent.

GARDENER (Single-handed, or Under
good). — Age 22 ; recommended by Hon. Mrs. ANSON,
Cockham, Berks.

GARDENER (Under or Single-handed).—
Age 27 ; used to Lawns, Glass, Pruning, and Nailing.—
R. S., The Gardens, Carshaltou House, Carshalton.

p ARDENER (Second).— Age 24 ; nine years'

VJ experience. Inside and Out. Good character. — W.
OLDER, (5, Half Moon Lane, Dulwich, S.E.

GARDENER (Second), where two or three
are kept. — Age 21 ; three years' good character from
last place. — G. M., care of H.Wilkins, Springfield Park, Acton.

GARDENER (Second), In and Outside, or
JOURNEYMAN in the Houses.— Age 24 ; nine years'
experience. Eighteen months' good character from present
situation. — H. RL'SS, 11, Braekenbnry Road, East Finchley, N.

GARDENER (Second), or GROOM and
GARDENER. — Age 28, married ; understands Garden-
ing in all branches, and Horses. Good references. — W.
HARDEN, Willow Place, Maiden Road, Cheam.

GARDENER (Under, or Second), in the
Houses. — Age 23 ; nine years' experience, both Inside
and Out. Two and a half years last situation. —J. R., 18,
Fairview Place, Cheltenham.

GARDENER (Under), where three or four
are kept, Inside and Out. — Age 24; good reference. —
W. STROUDE, Eastbury Manor, Guildford.

GARDENER (Under).— Age 21; seven years'
experience, Inside and Out. Good references. —
G. CARTER, 47, Pope Road, Bromley Common, Kent.

GARDENER, good, SECOND or FIRST
.JOURNEYMAN. — Age 25 ; can be highly recommended
both Inside and Out.— F. G., f>, Queen's Roau\ Stoke, Guildford.

FOREMAN, in the Houses.— Age 27; ab-
stainer. Gained experience in first-class places. Ex-
perienced in House and Table Decoration. Last two years as
Foreman. Excellent testimonials.— FOREMAN. The Gardens,
Fulwell Park, Twickenham.

TC^OREMAN, in a Nursery. — Good Propagator

-*- and Grower. London and Provincial experience. Under-
stands Packing, Making up Wreaths, Crosses, &c. Good
reference. — E. W., 2, Abbey Cottages, West End Lane,
Kilburn, N.W.

FOREMAN (Second), under Glass in good

J- establishment.— Age 24 ; eight years' experience. Good
references.— HERBERT CULHAM, Coulsdon, Surrey.

FOREMAN, or Second in Gentleman's Estab-
lishment.— Age 24 ; eight years' experience in good
places. Well recommended. Abstainer.— FOREMAN, Greys
Road, Henley-on-Thames, Oxon.

NURSERY MANAGER, or FOREMAN.—
Age 48— G. PEARSON, 3, Purbeck Terrace, Bourne-
mouth.

NURSERY FOREMAN.— Upwards of twenty
years' practice in all departments. References to lead-
ing English and Scotch Houses. — M. J. MILLAR, Annan
Terrace, Wellington Street, Dundee.

NURSERY FOREMAN, PROPAGATOR, or
SALESMAN.— Age 38; thoroughly experienced, Inside
or Out. First-class references.— C WILLIAMS, 139, Hand-
croft Road, Croydon.

PROPAGATOR.— Age 25; ten years' prac-
tical experience in Roses, Rhododendrons, Coniferje,
Clematis, Soft-wooded Stuff, &c— G. WATERS, Coombe
Wood Nursery, Kingston Hill, Surrey.

To Nurserymen.

GROWER and ASSISTANT PROPA-
GATOR. — Age 22 ; six years' experience in first-class
Nurseries. Well up in Wreaths, Crosses, &c— H. ALCOCK,
York Place Nursery, Dumfries.

JOURNEYMAN (First), in the Houses —

CJ Age 23 ; eight years' experience. Good character. — H.,
Mr. Beet, The Vyne, Sherborne St. John, Basingstoke.

JOURNEYMAN, in good establishment.—
Age 22; six and a half years' experience. Good cha-
racter. Bothy preferred.— G. THOMPSON, Grange Gardens,
Alresford, Hants.

JOURNEYMAN (Second), in a large estab-
lishment. — Six and a half years' experience Inside and
Out. Two years in present situation. — B., Mr. Rogers,
Beechwood Lodge, Edgerton, Huddersfield.

IMPROVER, in Gentleman's Garden.— Age 18 ,
respectable; total abstainer. Over three years' experience.
Good character.— R. JOHNSON, 43, Elsden Road, Tottenham.

IMPROVER. — Age 20 ; energetic and obliging.
Abstainer. Three and a half years in present situation. —
CHARLES FORD, The Lodge, Felixstowe.

IMPROVER; age 18; three years' experience.
— H. Smith, Head Gardener to Sir W. H. Salt, Bart.,
Maplewell, Loughborough, can recommend his son as above —
quick, intelligent.

rPO NURSERYMEN.— Advertiser (age 23)

-1- seeks situation where he cau Improve himself. Has
had several years' experience in Private Gardens and Market
Work. Good character.— T.. Bradstott Lodge, Alton, Hants.

rPO GENTLEMEN and NURSERYMEN.—

JL Wanted a situation in Gentleman's Garden or Nursery.
Age 20. Good experience. References for honesty and
civility. Under Glass preferred.— GAYTON, 30, St. Mary's
Hill. Hornsey.JT.

TO GENTLEMEN.— Situation, wanted in a
Private Garden, where two or more are kept. Six years
in Gardens. Age 18.— A. FLOATE, 2, Bristol Gardens. Kemp
Town, Brighton.

rFO GARDENERS. — Wanted, a situation, in

JL a good Garden, for a Lad (age 16), where he can Learn
the whole routine of Gardening. Premium given. — Reply,
with particulars, to J. B., Sudbury Hall, Derby.

^HOPMAN, or MANAGER. — Age 30 ;

^J thorough knowledge of Seed, Bulb, Plant, and Flower
Trad.-. Good references.— WM. HARRIS, Harntnerwood, East
Gn'nstead, Sussex.

To Nurserymen.

CLERK, Invoice, &c— Well up in Fruit, Tree,
Plant, Bulb, and Seed Trade. Three years' reference
from present employer.— S. E. A., 4, Thornhill Road, Leyton.

rPO COUNTRY FLORISTS. — Situation

J- wanted by first-class hand. Long West End experience.
Goad at Bouquets, Sprays, Wreaths, &c. For seaside season
prv-fi*rnd. Highest references. — W. B., 99, Sydney Street,
Fulham Road, S.W.

WANTED, by a young Lady, a situation
iu Florist's Shop. Good references from recent
employers.— Apply, 1, Woodside Villa, Southwood Road, New
Eltham, Kent.

HOLLO WAY'S OINTMENT. — Go where
you may, in every country and in all climes persons
will be found who have a ready word of praise for this Oint-
nieot. For chaps, chafes, scalds, bruises, and sprains, it is an
invaluable remedy ; for bad legs, bad breasts, and piles, it may
be confidently relied upon for effecting a sound and permanent
cure. In cases of puffed ancles, erysipelas, and rheumatism,
Holloway's Ointment gives the greatest comfort by reducing
the inflammation, cooling the blood, soothing the nerves, ad-
justing the circulation, and expelling the impurities. This
Ointment should have a place in every nursery. It will cure
all those manifold skin affections, which, originating in child-
hood, gain strength with the child's growth.

176

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 10, 1889.

T/^O^.W>ROB/A/SOm

LONOON*^* V P \< M /A m | "^Cio SHOW

OFFICFS~Ja^Si ? L? T^iZZi ROOMS

/JS.mW C/l/V/VO/V Sr LO/VDOn/.E. c.

BECKETT BROS.,

CHELMSFORD.

Price Lists. Plans, and Estimates Fr^e.

CHEAP FRAMES.

PORTABLE CUCUMBER FRAMES.

T> HALLIDAY and CO. desire to draw

IV» special attention to their Cucumber Frames, of which
they always have a large stock, ready glazed and painted.
They are made of the best materials, and can be put together
and taken apart in a few minutes by any one.

Prices delivered free to any station in England. £ s d

1-light frame, 4 ft. by 6 ft. ( Carriage
2-light frame, 8 ft. by 6 ft. J and
8-light frame, 12 ft. by 6 ft. 1 pjg£S*
(Might frame, 24 ft. by 6 ft. ( FR E K.

Larger sizes at proportionate prices.

R. HALLIDAY & CO.,

Hothouse Builders and Engineers, Royal Horticultural Works,

Mlddleton, Manchester.

London Agent— Mr. H. Skelton, Seedsman, &c, 2, Holloway

Road, N.

MESSENGER & CO.'S New CATALOGUE of Greenhouses and Heating Apparatus,

Just issued, will be found the most compl ete, practical, and reliable guide to all about to build, alter, or heat Greenhouses.
Illustrations of every description of Glasshouse, from the largest range of Winter Gardens to the simplest forms of Portable
Greenhouses, Plant Protectors, and Garden Frames ; also of all the best kind of Boilers, Hot-water Pipes, and all appliances for
heating. This Catalogue, possessing hundreds of illustrations of all the latest improvements in greenhouse building and heating,
is on a scale never before attempted. It should be in the hands of every one interested in gardening, as it contains many practical
hints on the subjects of which it treats, the result of many years' experience. Price 2s. post-free.

MESSENGER & COMPANY, LOUGHBOROUGH.

Established 1818.

55,

LIONEL STREET,
BIRMINGHAM.

HENRY HOPE

HORTICULTURAL

BUILDER and

HEATING ENGINEER.

NEW
CATALOGUE

of Greenhouses & Garden
Frames, just issued, will
be sent, post-free, to any
address, on reference to
this advertisement.

NEW
CATALOGUE

of Greenhouses & Garden
Frames, just issued will
be sent, post-free, to any
address, on reference to
this advertisement.

SEND FOR NEW PRICED ILLUS l RATfciD CATALOGUE.

HOTHOUSE BUILDERS and HOT-WATER ENGINEERS,

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER.

Vineries, Stoves, Greenhouses, Peach Houses, Forcing Houses, &c, constructed on our improved plan, are the

perfection of growing houses, and for practical utility, economy, and durability cannot be equaUed. We only do one elass of work,
and that the very best.

in all cases. Melon Frames, Sashes, Hotbed Boxes, &c, always in stock.

Plans, Estimates and Catalogues free. Customers waited on in any part of the Kingdom.

Our Maxim is and always has been —

MODERATE CHARGES. FIRST-CLASS WORK. THE BEST MATERIALS.

THE COTTAGERS CALENDAR OF CARDEN OPERATIONS

Price 3d., Post-free 3id. ;

Twenty-five Copies, 5;; fifty, 10s. ; and one hundred, 20s.

Parcels of not less than twenty-five delivered, Carriage Free, in London only.

Not less than one hundred Carriage Paid to any part of Great Britain.

W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.

Editorial Communications should be addressed to " The Editor;" Advertisements and Business Letters to " The Publisher, at the Office. 41 Wellington Street, Coven t Garden, Loudon, W.C
Printed bv William Richards, at the Office of Messrs. Bkadburv, Aonew, & Co.. Lombird Street, Precinct of Whitefnars, City of London, in the County of Middlesex, and published by the
laid William Kiciiarim at the OiB-.e. 41. Wellington Street. Parish of St. Paul's Covent Garden in the said County.— Saturday, August 10, 1889. Agent for Manchester— John Hevwood.

ESTABLISHED 1841

No. 2538

No. 138,-Vol. VI. {£S} SATURDAY, AUGUST 17, 1889.

[Rest, as a Newspaper./ "RICE O-O >

\ Post-free, S±</.

CONTENTS.

Bleu's Nursery 188

Book :—
Timber and some of its

Diseases 193

Botanical Magazine ... 192

Brambles 194

Bulb garden 191

Canoell, H. & Son's, Nur-
sery 187

Colour in plants 187

Cycnoches pentadactylon 188

Daffodil, Buxton's ... 194

Dahlias 195

Dukeries, the 181

Finsbury Park 184

Fruit crops, remarks on 195

Fruit register 194

Fruits under glass ... 198

Fuchsias, outdoors ... 195

Gardening appointments 202

Gardeners' Orphan Fund 191

Gentiaoa germanica ... 19 i

Gladiolus turicensis ... 183

Hardy fruit garden ... 189

Insect pests 185

.TirdindesPlantes ... 183

Kitchen garden 189

Laeliacrispadelicatissima 18ii

Lathyrus Drummondi ... 196

Luddemannia Pescatorei
Mormodes luxatum
Nerine angustifolia
Oichid nomenclature ...

,, notes

Paris Exhibition

Plants and their cu'ture
Potatos, cultivation of ...
Potato disease
Pyrola rotundifolia
Royal Botanic Society ...
Royal Botanic Gardens,

London

Rubus odoratus

Scotland

Societies —

Atherstone

Leicester

Royal Horticultural ...

St.'Neots

Westbourne

Spathoglottis Vieillardii
Stock-taking: Ju'y
Tomatos under glass

Town trees

Trees and shrubs

Vegetable Conference,

the 190.

Weather, the

1LLU8TRATION8.

Carnation djsease

Cycnoches pentadactylon
Finsbury Park, view in ...
Tomato-house, a '.

183
186
195
191
186
193
189
193
195
195
192

184

189
198

192
197
196
193
198
186
192
191
196
189

191

199

195
188
185
191

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE
IN AMERICA.

The Subscription to America, including Postage, is $4.30 for
Twelve Months.

Agent for America :— E. H. LTBBY, "The American Garden,"
751, Broadway, New York, to whom American Orders may
be sent. ^

r\ R Y S T A L PALACE.

\J FRIDAY and SATURDAY*. September 6 and 7.
GREAT FRUCT EXHIBITION, with the NATIONAL
DAHLIA SOCIETY'S GRAND SHOW.
No extra charge.
Schedules and Entry Forms on application to Mr. W. G.
HEAD, Superintendent Gardens Department, Crystal Palace,
S.E. Entries close Saturday, August 31.

SANDY FLORAL and HORTICULTURAL
SOCIETY (open Show). — The TWENTY - FIRST
ANNUAL EXHIBITION of PLANTS, FLOWERS, FRUIT.
VEGETABLES, POULTRY, DOOS. CAGE BIRDS, &c. will be
held at Sandy, Bedfordshire, on FRIDAY; Aunust30. PRIZES
upwards of TWO HUNDRED and THIRTY POUNDS— Ten
Stove and Greenhouse Plants in Flower, 1st Pri/e, £12; 2nd,
£8; 3rd, £1; 4th, £3. Plant vans horsed, lreeof charge, from
Sandy Station to Show Ground, distance only 300 yards.
Schedules on application.

WILLIAM GREEN, Secretary, Sandy.

GLASGOW and WEST of SCOTLAND
HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

GREAT AUTUMN FLOWER SHOW. City Hall, Candle-
rifrgs Street, on WEDNESDAY', September 4. 1889. By kind
permission of Col. Smyth and Offi ers. the Regimental Band
of 1st Battalion of the Lancashire Fusiliers will perform. Ad-
mission, from 12 (private view), 2s. ; from I, Is. ; and from 5
to 10 o'clock, 6;i. : or by Season Ticket. All the railway
stations and tramway cars within a few minutes walk of City
Hall. FRANC GIBB DOUGALL, Secretary.

167. Canning Street, Calton.

NATIONAL CHRYSANTHEMUM
SOCIETY.— The FIRST EXHIBITION will be held
at the Royal Aquarium. Westminster, WEDNESDAY and
THURSDAY. September 11 and 12. A Conference will also be
held at 4 o'clock, on September 11. Schedules and all par-
ticulars free of WILLIAM HOLMES. Hon. Sec.

Frampton Park Nurseries. Hackney. London. E.

Note. — A Subscription of 5s. per annum, entitles to F;ee
Admission to all Shows, Conferences, and Floral Meetings of
he Society, and al o to Vote at all General Meetings.

SUTTON'S BULBS for PRODUCING
FLOWERS at CHRISTMAS.
Early Roman Hyacinths. Early Narcissi. Forcing Hyacinths,
Forcing Tulips. For full particulars see Sutton's Bulb Cata-
logue, now ready, price 6rf., post-free.

Sutton's Bulbs Genuine Only from

SUTTON ijD SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen, BEADING.

(Orders value 5s., Carriage Free).

OMAN HYACINTHS— The Subscribers

offer a splendid Shipment of Early Single White Roman
Hyacinths of extra large size.

Special select Bulb offer, post-fr^e on application.
LITTLE AND BALLANTYNE. The Queen's Seedsmen. Carlisle.

To the Trade.

COOPER, TABER and CO. (Limited) have
Posted their WHOLESALE BULB CATALOGUE to all
their Customers. If not received another Copy will be sent on
applic-tion.— 90. Southwark Street, London, S.E.

ROMAN HYACINTHS, NARCISSUS,
LILIUMS, TUBEROSES, and many other FRENCH
BULBS, grown and offered by LOUIS BREMOND, fils,
Ollioules. Fnnce.

WHOLESALE LIST 01 application to WILLIAM DEN-
MAN, 7, Catherine Street. Covent Garden, London. W.C.

Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocus, Lilies, &c.

CG. VAN TUBEKGEX, Jun., Haarlem,
• Holland.— Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and
may be had free on application to

Messrs. R. SILHERRAD AND SON, 25, Savage Gardens,
Crutched Friars, London, E.C.

A~~ DIANTUM CUNEATUM and LOMAREA
GIBBA— Good strong Plants, from boxes fit for small
pots, is. per 100, £2 5s. per 1000. Not less than 100 sent.
Cash with order.

G. ADCOCK, Florist, Rokeby Road, BrocUey, S.E.

OOPER and CO (Limited) are in a

position to guarantee the highest Market Pri.es for
EUCHARIS, LILY of the VALLbY, ROSRS, ORCHIDS,
ARUM LILIES, and every description of Cut Flowers. Com-
municate with Commission Department.
HOOPER and CO. (Limited), Covent Garden, London, W.C.

HENRY SQUELCH (late Squelch & Barn-
ham) RECEIVES CONSIGNMENTS of good Black
Grapes, Muscats. Cucumbers, Tomatos, and Beans; also all
kinds of choice Hothouse Flowers. H. Squelch's trade being
especially for First-class Hothouse Produce, and he having a
connection amongst the best Houses in Lontlon and Country, is
able to command highest Market Prices. Account Sales fur-
nished daily, and accounts settled weekly, or as desired.

Empties and Labels Supplied. Bankers' and other references.
North Row, Covent Garden Market, W.C.

JW. BARNHAM (late of S«uelch &
• Barnham) RECEIVES ON COMMISSION. GRAPES,
TOMATOS. and other Choice FRUITS ; also FLOWERS. His
personal attention securing highest Market Prictt. Account
Sales daily, and cheques at option. Baskets andlabels found.
Long Market. Covent Garden. W.C.

MESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS,
NURSERYMEN. Sidcup, and 285. 286, 287, WS. Flower
Market, Covent Garden, London, W.C, are open to RECEIVE
CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS in aby quantity
for their Commission Department. Boxes and Labis supplied.
Telegraph Address — " COMMISSION, SIDCUJP."

Geraniums.
ANTED, 1000 Cuttings of

JACOBY. State price to
J. COLLIER. Manningham. Thorpe. Bradtfr.

WANTED, Scarlet VESUVIUS Cutting*.
Price per thousand, or in EXCHANGE fir WHITE
QUEEN Cuttings.

CHARLES WOODROFFE. Florist, Sudbury, Hjrrow.

W_XNlfEry,~M A N E TTl"~S TO OKS.
Price per 5000 or 10,000 to
HUGH LOW AND CO.. Clapton Nursery, Loiflon, E.

ANTED, strong well-rooted Rfnners of
STRAWBERRY "LA GROSSE SUCRJ "
State cash price per 1' 00.
BENNETT, Pedigree Rose Nursery, Shepperto|, Middle ex.

DAFFODILS and NARCISSUS.—
From 50 to 100 per cent, fall in all sorts of Daffodils
and Narcissus. Write for " Hartland's 36 quarto-page Book "
on the subject. It is acknowledged to be the most complete
exfant. Price Is. Qd. ; returnable unless considered value.
Certainly as a work of art, it should be in the hands of all
lovers of " old fashioned " flowers.

WM BAYLOR HARTLAND, Seedsman and Florist, 24.
Patrick Street, Cork.

Camellias, Azaleas, Rhododendrons, Palms, Orchids,

&c. Plants grown specially for English use.

CVUYLSTEKE, Nurseryman,
• Loochristy, Ghent, Belgium.

Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and may be had,
free on application to
Messrs. R. SILBERRAD and SON, 25, Savage Gardens,
Crutched Friars. London, E.C.

BAKU'S CATALOGUES

Free on application.
List of Autumn-flowering Crocus and Meadow Saffron.
Daffodil Catalogue, Illustrated, contains the only complete
list of these beautiful hardy spring flowers.

Bulb Catalogue of cheap, rare, beautiful hardy bulbs, &c,
for all seasons.

Plant Catalogueof hardy, free -flowering, beautiful perennials
for flower borders, and as cut flowers.

Seed CATALOGUE, ready 1st January, 1890.
BARR AND SON, 13, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

PALMS. — Leading decorative sorts in many
sizes, great quantities, and in finest health.
FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Nurseryman, Richmond, Surrey,
and Flower Market, Covent Garden. W.C.

LILIES OF THE VALLEY!
English-grown !
The best for early forcing, finest large flowers, and superior
in every respect tj German crowns. Price per 1000, 10.000. to
1U0.OUO on tipplication.

T. JANNOCH, Lily of the Valley Grower by Special Appoint-
ment to H.R.H. The Prince of Wales, Dersingham, King's
Lynn, Norfolk.

GENISTAS.— For Sale, a few thousands, in
3-inch pot*, at 9s. per 100 ; fine bushy pants, in 40-pots,
5t. perdo/tn. Cash with order to be made p iyable at High
Street, Levton.
T. BALDWIN asp SON. Edith Nursery, Burchall Road. Ley ton.

LILY cTf THE VALLEY.
First-class German flowering Crowns.

Any quan'.ity.
H. D A M M ^ N N, Ju n.,

Breslau.

RHUBARB.— 20,000 large Roots, ten years
old, suitable for forcing. £l per 100, on rail. Cash with
order. J. .1. CLARK, West Brighton, Sussex.

LAXTON'S NEW STRAWBERRIES
Must be grown by all.
Descriptive LIST, with prices of "Latest of All" (new,
l*Mt), "Noble," "A. F. Barron," "Commander," &c, now
ready. Six Kirst-class Certificates.

THOMAS LAXTON. Seed Grower, Bedford.

STRAWBERRIES — STRAWBERRIES. —

O A splendid stock of the best and choicest varieties,
true to name. Inspection invited. Descriptive LIST free.
JOHN LAING and SONS, Forest Hill Nurseries. London. S.E.

NICOTINE SOAP.— An effectual eradicator
of all insect pests affecting plants, without injury
to foliage. Jars, Is. 6d„ 3s.. 5s. 6rf. ; Tins, 15s. Gd., 25s., 95s.
Al) See Ismen and Florists.

THOMSON'S IMPROVED VINE and PLANT
MANURE. — This valuable Manure is made only by us.
Every bag and tin has our name on it. To be had of all Nursery
and Seedsmen, and direct from us. 1 cwt. and over carnage
paid. Loudon Agent— Mr. GEORGE. 10. Victoria Road, Putney.
WM. THOMSON and SONS, Clovenfords, Galashiels, N.B.

DICKSON'S IMPROVED MUSHROOM
SPAWN, most superior, now reduced to 5s. per bushel
of 14 cakes. Circular with Cultural Notes ami List of
Testimonials post-free on application.
DU'KSONS (Limited), The Royal Seed Warehouse. CHESTER,

178

TEE GAR DENE US' CERONICLE.

[AtJGtJst 1?, 1889.

SALES by AUCTION.

Wednesday and Saturday Kext.

FIRST-CLASS DUTCH BULBS.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at hia Great Rooms, 3S, King street, Covent
Garden, W.C., on WEDNESDAY and SATURDAY NEXT,
August 21 and 24, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely each day,
extensive consignments of choice named HYACINTHS,
TULIPS, CROCUSES, NARCISSUS, SCILLAS, and other
BULBS, just arrived from well-known farms in Holland,
lotted to suit the Trade and other Large Buyers.

On view morning of Sale and Catalogues had.
N B.— After above dates the Sales will take place every
MONDAY, WEDNESDAY, and SATURDAY, as usual.

Dutch Bulbs— Special Trade Auctions.

MONDAY and THURSDAY NEXT.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL by AUCTION at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and
68, Cheapside, E.C., on MONDAY, August 19, THURSDAY,
August 22 ; also on MONDAY. August 26. and THURSDAY,
August 29, extensive consignments of first-class HYACINTHS,
TULIPS, CROCUS, NARCISSUS, and other BULBS from
Holland, especially lotted to suit the Trade and other Large
Buyers.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Friday Next.

SACCOLABIUM CCELESTE.
CYPRIPEDIUM CALLOSUM.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms,
67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C., on FRIDAY NEXT,
August 23, at half-past 12 o'clock. 50 SACCOLABIUM
CCELESTE and 100 CYPRIPEDIUM CALLOSUM, fine plants.
The Sale will also include a large quantity of IMPORTED
and ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Orchids in Flower.— Friday, August 30.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
desire to announce that their NEXT SPECIAL SALE
of ORCHIDS in FLOWER, will take place as above, for which
they will be glad to RECEIVE NOTICE OF ENTRIES on or
before SATURDAY NEXT.

Sunningdale, near Bagshot.

GREAT CLEARANCE SALE of NURSERY STOCK, by
order of Mr. C. Noble, who has unexpectedly received from
St. John's College, Cambridge, peremptory notice to quit
all lands held under them.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Mr. C. Noble to SELL by AUCTION,
without reserve, on the Premises, The Nurseries, Sunningdale,
on MONDAY, October 14, and several following days, about
30 acres of thriving young NURSERY STOCK, which must be
cleared, and the greater portion of which has been planted
within two years, presenting a grand opportunity to Nursery-
men and other Large Con-umers to secure large quantities of
useful stock at auction prices.

Further particulars will shortly appear.

American Nurseries, Bagshot, Surrey.

PRELIMINARY NOTICE.

EXTENSIVE SALE of SURPLUS NURSERY STOCK. Highly

important to the Trade and gentlemen engaged in Planting.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Messrs. J. Waterer & Sons to SELL by
AUCTION, on the Premises, the American Nurseries, Bagshot,
Surrey, EARLY in NOVEMBER, an unusually large quantity
of attractive NUKSERY STOCK, in grand condition for
removal.

Full particulars will be announced in due course.

Great Annual Trade Sales of

GREENHOUSE and other PLANTS.

Important to Nurserymen. Florists, and Others.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS beg
to announce that the GREAT ANNUAL TRADE SALES

have been fixed as follows : —

WEDNESDAY, SEPT. 11.— At the NURSERIES, Swanley
Junction, Kent, by order of Mr. P. Ladds.

THURSDAY, SEPT. 12.— At the LONGLANDS NURSERIES,
Sidcup, by order of Messrs. Gregory & Evans.

MONDAY. SEPT. 16.— At the DYSONS LANE NURSERY,
Upper Edmonton, by order of Mr. H. B. May.

TUESDAY, SEPT. 17.— At the BURNT ASH LANE NUR-
SERIES, Lee, S.E., by order of Messrs. B. Mailer &
Sons.

WEDNESDAY. SEPT. 18. — At the LEA BRIDGE NUR-
SERIES. Leyton, E., by order of Mr. John Fraser.

THURSDAY, SEPT. 19.— At the BRIMSDOWN NURSERY,
Enfield Highway, by order of Mr. John Mailer.

FRID4.Y. SEPT. 20.— SPECIAL TRADE SALE of ORCHIDS,
at PROTHEROE AND MORRIS' ROOMS.
Full particulars will appear in due course.

The Glazed and Iron Erection of the large Conserva-
tory, adjoining the Albert Hall, South Kensington.

MESSRS. HORNE, SON, and EVERS-
FIELD are instructed by the Royal Commissioners of
the Exhibition of 1851, to SELL by AUCTION, on TUESDAY,
August 20 at 1 o'clock, on the Premises,

The MATERIALS of the CONSERVATORY,
andwhici is well adapted for a Winter Garden, or for any
Public Park or Pleasure Gardens, comprising the Iron Girders,
Bearer, and Columns, and the capital Glazing, mostly iron-
framed.

May be viewed. Catalogues had on the Premises, and of
HORSE, SUN. and EVERSFfRXD. 17, Great George Street,
S.W., and M, Basinghall Street, E.C.

Freehold Building and Market-garden Ground.
By order of the Mortgagee, Mitcham.

MESSRS. ROBERT W. PULLER, MOON
AND FULLER, will SELL by AUCTION, at the Grey-
hound Hut-1. Croydon, on THURSDAY", August 29, at 5 for 6
o'Clock. 7'acres of BUILDING, ORCHARD, and MARKET-
GARDEN GROUND, situate at Upper Mitcham.— Particulars
ofMessrs.WEST. KINO, ADAMS AND CO., Solicitors, 66.Cannon
St., E.C. ; and of the Auctioneers, Croydon, Reigate,and Epsom.

WANTED TO PURCHASE, a SEED
BUSINESS ; good going ; with or without Small
Nursery. Or a PARTNERSHIP in the same would be enter-
tained. Full particulars to

A. D. I , Messrs. Hurst & Son, Seedsmen, Houndsditch, E.

Florists.

TO BE SOLD, a Bargain, the LEASE, &c, of
Two Old-established FLORIST'S BUSINESSES, in the
neighbourhood of Notting Hill. First-class positions. Price £350.
Full particulars at 10, The Mall, Notting Hill Gate, W.

TO BE SOLD, a bargain ! ! ! A grand old
NURSERY, in the West of England. Established up-
wards of a century, containing about 20 acres of rich fertile
Soil, enjoying special climatic advantages, splendid young
Stock, nearly 40,000 feet super of Glass, Trade Buildings, large
and commodious Dwelling House. Held on lease. Incoming
£3500.

Apply for particulars to Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS ,
Auctioneers and Land Agents, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C.

FOR SALE, a NURSERY, SEEDSMAN
and FLORIST'S BUSINESS, situate near Crystal Palace.
Established thirty years. House containing five rooms, large
frontage and Shop premises. Good connection, and respectable
Jobbing Trade, Lease 80 years, ground rent £10. Proprietor
retiring from business. Price all at £1000.

Address E. T., 4, Gipsy Hill, Norwood, S.E.

FOR SALE, a FLORIST and NURSERY
BUSINESS. About 20 Glass-houses, Forcing Frames,
Vans, Horse, and all appliances ; with Growing Stock. Lease
about 30 years. £70 per annum, including Shop. Owner not
in the business.— Apply to MANAGER, on the Premises, 262a,
Clapham Road, S.E.; or to F. E. BEST, 10, Throgmorton
Avenue, Throgmorton Street, London. E.C.

TO BE DISPOSED OF, a Small NURSERY,
about 4£ acres, with Glasshouses, Frames, Stock, &c. ;
held at a low rent, in a good rising suburb, N., where a good
Jobbing Trade can be done, close to three large cemeteries,
6 miles from Covent Garden, close to Railway Station. Price
moderate. For particulars, apply,

C. J. T., 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

TO BE DISPOSED OF, a FLORIST, SEED,
and FRUITERER'S BUSINESS, in a large Town, in the
County of Hampshire. Shop well situated. Good connection.
Amount required, about £ 1100.

Full particulars can be obtained of DAVIS and BENNETT,
25, Portland Street, Southampton.

Extensive and desirable Nursery Business for Sale,

at Annan. Dumfriesshire.

THERE IS FOR SALE, by Private Bargain,
as a going concern, the Old-established NURSERY
BUSINESS, so long and successfully carried on, itnder the firm
of Messrs. John Palmer & Son, by the late William Palmer,
Nurseryman, Annan.

The Nurseries extend to 54 acres or thereby, 8 acres being
held on lease from Mrs. Clarke of Galabanks, which expires at
Candlemas, 1S9J, and 46 acres belonging to the trustees of the
late Mr. Palmer, with whom arrangements could be made for
a Lease on very moderate terms.

The Nurseries are in the highest state of cultivation, and
the Stock is exceptionally healthy and good. It consists of
seedling and transplanted Forest Trees ; seedling and bedding
Shrubs of all sorts ; and a fine collection of good growing
Coniferae ; with ornamental Trees, and Roses of the finest and
most varied sorts. There is also a fine and varied stock of Fruit
and other Trees, all in excellent growth and in great demand.
In connection with the Nurseries, there are Sheds and Grounds
set apart and completely fitted up, for propagating and other
purposes.

The Nurseries are situated close to the Station of Annan, on
the main line of the Glasgow and South- Western Railway ;
and also near to the Station, on the line of the Caledonian
Railway Company.

This excellent situation affords a v ry ready and advantageous
outlet to all the English and Scotch Market*, and is one of the
great advantages which these Nurseries possess. There is also
a convenient outlet into Cumberland and the West Coast, by
the Solway Junction Railway.

Application for any further particulars may be made to
Messrs. BROVN anp LITTLE. British Linen Company Bank,
Annan, who vill arrange for inspection of the Nurseries.

Channel Islands.

TO LET, Highfield, St. Saviour's, Jersey,
delightul RESIDENCE, with 15 Green and Hot Houses,
in full bearing.

Pirticulars, Mrs. BRAYN, on Premises.

TO BE LET, 1 to 10 acres of GRASS LAND,
Buitabe for Nurserymen and other*, on Lease for
7, 14, or 21 years. Rent £12 per acre, with the option of
Purchase of the Freehold within the first 7 years. No tithe or
land tax. Near the main road, Enfield Highway; about
9 miles fron London.

Apply, I. MOORE, 59, Bishopsgate Street Within, E.C.

TO BELET, a SHOP, HOUSE, and STABLE,

-L in HltIi Street. Walthamstow. First-class opening fur
Fruiterer aid Greengrocer. Two 45 feet Greenhouses. May
be rented itdesdred.

Apply, I. GAYDON, High Street, Walthamstow, Essex.

PROTIEROE and MORRIS, Horticul-
tubaiMarket Garden and Estate Auctioneers and
Valuers, 6 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C, and at Leyton-
stone, E. Bonthly Horticultural Register had on application.

LANDSCAPE GARDENING. — Designs
Prepar-d and Work Superintended in any part of the
country. Fc terms, apply to
THOMAS h MAWSON, Landscape Gardener, Windermere.

Landscape Gardening.

RC O W L E S, Certificated Royal Botanio
• Gardens, Kew, having great experience in the above work,
is able to Advise, Plan, and Estimate for any Lady or Gentleman
about to Lay-out a New Estate, or Improve existing Grounds.
Extensive knowledge of all the best Fruits, Shrubs, Tree?, Sec-
Address, R. COWLE3, Landscape Gardener, North Finchley, N.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

(JOHN COWAN), Limited,

Make SPECIALTIES of the following:—

ORCHIDS, of which they have an immense stock, and they are
constantly receiving fresh importations from various parts
of the world.

ORCHID BASKETS, made of the best Teak and Copper Wire.

COWAN'S PATENT ORCHID POTTERY, which should be
used for all Orchids.

ORCHID PEAT of best quality. Sphagnum MOSS. Best
Wood CHARCOAL.

TEA and Otner ROSES In pots. The Company have a
large and splendid stock, all healthy and vigorous.

FERNS, a large and fine stock of the leading kinds.

GRAPE VINES. The Company's Stock is, as usual, unsur-
passed by any in the couutry. Strong Vines raised from
eyes this season, fit for immediate planting.

ROMAN HYACINTHS, 1st size, 5 to 6£ inches circumference,

lTs.Sd, p. 100 ; 2nd size, 15s. p. 100; 3rd size, 12s. &d. p. 100.

The Company offer all the above at the lowe-t possible

prices. New Illustrated LIST, post-free, on application to

THE VINEYARD AND NURSERIES,
GARSTON, LIVERPOOL.

Strawberries

CHARLES TURNER can supply all the
leading varieties, extra strong, in small pots. LIST
and prices on application.

The Royal Nurseries, Slough.

BEGONIAS. — Several thousands of our superb
strain must be disposed of, owing to want of room.
Grand doubles, in and showing bloom, fit to pot on, 7s. 6rf. and
10s. perdoz., £i 10s. per 100; unbloomed ditto, from 4s. per
doz,, 30s. per 100. Singles, from 2s. per doz.f 15s. per 100.
Cash with order to the
MANAGER. George Lane Nursery, Lewisham, S.E.

(SPECIAL OFFER of FERNS for CASH.—

KJ Extra strong, in thumbs, for immediate Potting, in the
following varieties: — Pteris cretica, tremula cretica cristata,
alba lineata, astata, serrulata cristata compacta, A. cuneatum,
and an extra fine lot of Lomaria gibba and Polypodium aureum.
Also a fine lot, in 48's, Pteris cretica, cretica major, cretica
cristata. serrulata cristata compacta, A. cuneatum, Polypo-
dium, Dicksonia antarctica, Grevillia robusta and cyperus.
Price for thumbs per 100 or 1000 and 48's per 100 on application.

An in-pection invited by
R. PENGELLY, Dyson's Lane, Upper Edmonton.

QUNFLOWERS, Double Perennial. Two

&0 Varieties. — The numerous Customers throughout the
British Isles, that had from Cork the " Double Quilled form "
now in tiower, should at once state through the Press the
gross imposition that has been practised on them by me, in
sending them "as new," a plant that was so exceedingly com'
mon in England. A note from Chester, Kew, Y'ork, Glasnevin,
Langport, and Tottenham, through the Press, should certainly
stamp me as an imposter, and it will have the effect of frus-
trating the further sale of such a worthless plant. A Box of
magnificent blooms by post for six stamps, will be in further
condemnation of
WM. BAYLOR HARTLAND, Seedsman, Cork.

AMAZONIAN ORCHIDS. — Collections of
1 dozen good-sized flowering plants, established generally
on blocks. Cattleyas superba splendens, El Dorado (in variety),
luteola, Coryanthes, Scuticatia, Galeandras, Paphinias, Epi-
dendrum, Oncidium, Stanhopea eburnea, Rodriguezia,
Schomburgkia, Brassias, Brasavolas, Catasetums, Sobralias,
Gongoras.

Delivered at Liverpool at steamer for £6 per dozen. Freight
and packing free. All orders must contain draft for amount
on Para Branch of English Bank of Rio de Janeiro (London
Office, 2a, Moorgate Street, E.C), to which Bank reference ia
made.

C. E. HERBERT AtfD CO., Para", Brazil.
Caixa no correio 151.

The Best Present for a Gardener.
INES and VINE CULTURE.

The most complete and exhaustive Treatise on

Grapes and their Culture ever published.

New Edition.

Price 5s., post-free 5s. 6d.

A. F. BARRON, Royal Horticultural Society, Chiawick.

To Orchid Growers.
PHAGNUM MOSS. — Fresh and clean.

Sent at once, 5s. per sack.
GEORGE CARRADICE, Monument Place, Kendal.

ROSES IN POTS;

all the best New »nd Old English Kid Foreign
sorts, from 18*. to 36*. per dozen.

Descriptive List free on application.

RICHARD SMITH & CO.,

Nurserymen and Seed Merchants,

WORCESTER.

August 1?, 1389.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

179

PRIMULAS and CINERARIAS, 1*. 6d. doz.
Herbaceous CALCEOLARIAS, of an extra superb strain,
of our own saving, large flowers, rich and varied colours,
beautiful form, 2s. per dozen ; Seed, Is. 6<i„ 2s. id. per packet.
Good Plants ready for potting.

BOUVARDIAS. fine plants, in 2$ pots, ready for potting on tor
winter flowering, in good and varied sorts, to name, 3s. per doz.

CYCLAMEN, of an extra fine strain, of our own saving, good
plants for potting on, 3s. and 4s. per dozen. The chief merit of
this strain is the vigour of growth, varied colours, and freedom.

GERANIUMS, for winter flowering, strong young plants,
ready to pot now into large pots to establish for blooming in
October and November, finest named kinds, 4s. and 6s. per doz.,
double or single. „ _ _ ,

CATALOGUE of all you want for a Garden, free for 3 stamps.

WM. CLIBRAN AND SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrmcham ;
10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester. _____

STRAAVBERRIES— Leading kinds, in 3J-inch
pots, for immediate Planting or Potting on for Forcing.
Send for LIST.

FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Sheen Nurseries, Richmond,
Surrey ; and Flower Market, Covent Garden, W.C .

BMALLER and SONS beg to offer to the
• Trade a very extensive and unusually well grown stock
of ERICAS (hyemalis and other varieties), EPACRIS, SOLA-
NUMS, GENISTAS, CYCLAMEN, BOUVARDIAS, ADIAN-
TUM CUNEATUM, and other Ferns, GARDENIAS, STE-
PHANOTIS. FICUS ELASTICA, CROTONS, GREVILLEAS,
TEA ROSES (in pots), BORONIA MEGASTIGMA, VINES
(in pots), &c. An inspection is invited.

Trade CATALOGUES forwarded on application.
The ANNUAL SALE by AUCTION will be held on
TUESDAY, September 17.

Burut Ash Lane Nurseries, Lee, S.E.

Strawberries, from the Garden of England.

GEORGE BUNYARD and CO. can now
offer very fine Runners and Plants in small pots of all
the finest kinds. LIST free.

Old Nurseries, Maidstone.

FOR SALE, a COLLECTION of ORCHIDS,
about 86 healthy Established Plants, containing the fol-
lowing kinds : Aerides Lobbi, Calanthe Veitchi, Cymbidium
aloefolium, Cypripedium insigne, C. venustum, Dendrobium
densiflorum, D. fimbriatum, 1). heterocarpum, D. nobile, D.
Pierardi, D. Wardianum, Epidendrum vitellinum majus,
Lycaste Skinneri, Masdevallia tovarensis, Oncidiumflexuosum,
Stanhopea tigrina; also STOVE PLANTS, consisting of
Aealypha, Anthurium, Asparagus, Begonia, Croton, Curculigo,
Cyperus, Dractena, Eucharis, Hibiscus, Pancratium, Strelitzia,
&C.| and eighteen young PINES. Apply to

G. JUPP, Gardener, Brantridge Park, Balcombe, Sussex.

1 i\ VARIETIES of STRAWBERRIES, which

A" R. Gilbert considers the cream. They include all the
modern varieties, but the good old Standards are not forgotten.
In pots for forcing, and ordinary hand layers.

Send for R. G.'s STRAWBERRY LIST, where all are
described and priced, with Hints upon Culture. Warranted
true to name.

R. GILBERT, High Park, Stamford.

BULBS — BULBS — BULBS.— The cheapest
offpr of first-class Bulbs ever submitted to the Public,
the finest produced in Holland (selected by us on the spot)
being offered at Auction Prices. Many people last year doubted
the possibility of really first-rate Bulbs, true to name, being
offered at the rates we quoted, and only gave us half their
orders in order to compare the blooms with those produced
from bulbs supplied by other firms. Our Bulbs stood the test
in every case, and we have received many Testimonials of a
most flattering character. CATALOGUES now ready.
J. R. PEARSON and SONS, Chilwell Nurseries, Notts.

W. GORDON, Importer of ORCHIDS.

AN IMMENSE STOCK of recently imported
plants compels a SALE of the ESTABLISHED PLANTS
to make room. They have not yet flowered, but are all flower-
ing plants, and must be sold at a GREAT SACRIFICE. Very
valuable varieties are certainly to be obtained, and great bar-
gains. See Public Journals for high prices recently obtained.
The SPECIAL OFFER affords a PAYING INVESTMENT to
anyone with glass at command, which should not be over-
looked. Such plants may never again be offered to the Public
and Trade. Good Established Plants : —

25 in 25 species and varieties £3 3 0

50 in 50 „ „ 5 5 0

100 in 100 , 10 10 0

CATALOGUE of the above large stock held on application to

W. GORDON,
The Nurseries, Amyand Park Road, Twickenham, Middlesex.

STRAWBERRY PLANTS.- All best repre-
sented, true to name, and the plants unique both in
variety and price. Packed Ala Gilbert. Send for CATALOGUE.
K. GILBERT, High Park, Stamford.

ROSES I~~N POTS.

TEAS and NOISETTES, of the finest varieties for in-
door blooming, good plants, in 5-inch pots, put for preparing
for winter flowers, lbs. per dozen, in 12 varieties if required.
Stronger plants in 6^-inch pots, 24s., 305. per dozen.

Fine H.P. ROSES,. established in pots, very line either to
pot or for forcing next spring, or for planting out in beds now,
18s. per dozen, worth 30s.

CLEMATIS, in the finest sorts, all named, 9s. and 15s. per doz.

Fine Hardy CLIMBERS, for Trellises, Arbours, Rockeries,
all good plants, in pots, to plant now, 9s. and 12s. per dozen.

12 Lovely Variegated IVIES, all with beautiful foliage, 12s.

Send for CATALOGUE of all you want for a Garden free for
3 stamps.

WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham ;
10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.

MISS JOLLIFFE CARNATION.—
I can now supply rooted Cuttings of this favourite
variety at 25. per dozen, or 12s. Gd. per 100.

Also this year's Spores of PTRIS TREMULA and P.
SERELATA MAXIMA, Gd. per packet.
W. CALLINGHAM, Princes Square Nursery, Kennington, S.E.

FOR SALE, 3 handsome Specimen HEATHS.
1 Erica McNabbiana, 2 feet 6 inches by 3 feet 6 inches ;
1 Erica Turnbullii, 2 feet 6 inches by 3 feet 6 inches ; 1 Erica
Jacksonii, 3 feet 6 inches by 2 feet. In fine condition, coming
into flower. — Address, Blair Park, Coatbridge, N.B.

Dutch Bulbs Direct from the Growers.

ANT. KOOZEN and SON, of Overveen,
Haarlem, beg to state that their CATALOGUE for 1889,
containing details of their immense Collections of New, Rare,
and fine Bulbs and Plants (94 pages in English) is now ready,
and will, as usual, be sent post-free, on application to them-
selves or their Agents, Messrs. MERTENS and CO., 3, Cross
Lane, St. Mary-at-Hill, London, E.C.

SEEDS FOR PRESENT SOWING.
CABBAGE.

BARNES' NORWICH MARKET, the earliest, Is. per ounce,

7s. id. per pound.
BARNES' GREAT EASTERN, the largest, Is. per ounce,
7s. id. per pound.

ONION.
BARNES' GIANT ROCCA, the mildest, 9d. per ounce,

6s. per pound.
BARNES' WHITE MAMMOTH, the best white, id. per packet,
Is. id. per ounce, 12s. per pound.
The best quality only. Post-free. Price LISTS Gratis to all

applicants.

T "R! "R A T? AT tf1, ft (lo years Managing Assistant

<J . Jli. XJJl.XXl'N -CiO with Daniels Beos.),

The " Great Eastern " Seed Stores,

9, EXCHANGE STREET, NORWICH.

STRAWBERRY V1™^,^;

UIIIHHULIIIH Plantsinp0ts. New and

PLANTS. be9*™ietie9-

Catalogue on application.

DICKSONS, nurses, CHESTER.

(Limited).

TRADE OFFER OF PALMS, ETC.

AEECA LUTES. ...

„ BAUERII

,, SANDERII
CORYPHA AUS. ...
CHAJLEROPS E. ...
EUTERPE EDULIS ...
OEONOMA GRAC. ...
KENTIA BEL.

„ FOST

LATANIA BORB. ...
PHCENIX REC.
RUPICOLA

... 6s. Od. to 24s. Od. p. dor.
... 30 0 „ 60 0 „
... 24 0 „ 60 0 „
... 18 0 „ 30 0 ,,
... 24 0 „ 15 0 each.
... 6 0 „ 24 0 „
... 9 0 „ 60 0 ,,
... 9 0 „ 60 0 „
... 9 0 „ 60 0 „
... 6 0 „ 60 0
... 6 0 „ 60 0 „
... 12 0 „ 60 0
DRACAENAS, OPHIOPOGON. FICUS, PANDANUS
VEITCHII.

Prices for larger Plants on application. Inspection invited.
WILLIAM ICETON, Putney Park Lane, Putney, S.W. ;

and Flower Market. Covent Garden.

LILY OF THE VALLEY

(CONVALLARIA MAJALIS).
Selected Crowns or Pips for Winter Forcing.

Per 1000, 30s., free on board, Hamburg or Bremen.

Terms: Payment, one-third of the amount by order, two-thirds
on bill of lading.

LATJX BROTHERS, HAAN (Germany).

STRAWBERRIES.

Strong Roots, 4s. per 100. Plants in small pots, 16s. per 100 ;
ditto, in large pots, 25s. per 100. Descriptive LIST free.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants,
Worcester.

PALMS AND FOLIAGE.

SPECIALTIES.

An immense Stock always on hand of the leading varieties,
in finest possible condition. ARECAS, CHAM.ERt >PS, CORY-
PHAS, COCOS. KENTIA9, LATANIAS, SEAFORTHIA9,
PHCENIX, FICUS ELASTICA, ARALIAS. A very large Stock
of extra-sized plants of the above varieties, from 6 to 12 feet.

WILLIAM ICETON, Putney Park Lane, Putney; and 129 &
130, Covent Garden Flower Market.

CUTBUSH'S MILL-
track MUSHROOM SPAWN.
— Too well known to require descrip-
tion. Price 6s. per bushel (1*. extra
per busht'l for package), or Gd. per
cake ; free by parcel post, Is.

None genuine unless in sealed pack-
ages and printed cultural directions
enclosed, with our signature attached.

WM. CUTBUSH AND SON,
Nurserymen and Seed Merchants,
Highgate Nurseries, N.

BONES !— BONES ! !— BONES ! ! !

Crushed Bones in all sizes for Vine Borders, Lawns, Potting,
Grass Lands, «to. Also BONE MEAL for Poultry Feeding,
GARDEN GUANO, DISSOLVED BONES, Special MANURES
and FERTILIZERS for all purposes.

For Prices, apply to

HARRISON, BARBER & 00. (Limited),

GARRETT LANE, WANDSWORTH, SURREY, S.W.

GARDEN
REQUISITES.

Two Prize Medals.

Quality, THE BEST in the Market. (All sacks included.)

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process),
sacks, Is. 4rf. each; 10sacks,12s.6rf.; 15sacks,17s.6rf., 20sacks,
20s. ; 25 sacks, 24s. ; 30 sacks, 27s. ; 40 sacks, 35s. ; 50 sacks,
40s. ; Truck-load, loose, free on rail, 30s. Limited quantities
of G., special quality, granulated in sacks only, 2s. Gd. each.

GENUINE ORCHID PEAT, 8s. Gd. per sack ; 5 sacks, 40s. ;
BEST BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. per sack ; 5 for 22s. Gd.
BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 4s. Gd. per sack ; 5 for 20s.
COARSE SILVER SAND, Is. Gd. per bushel ; 14s. half ton ;
24s. per ton. Yellow Fibrous Loam, Compost, Leaf and Peat
Mould, Is. per bushel. Tobacco Cloth or Paper, Is. per lb.
Special Manures, Peat-Moss Litter, Crushed Bones, Virgin
Cork, &c, &c. Write for Price List.

Terms strictly Cask with order.
CHUBB, ROUND & CO., West Ferry Road, Millwall,

London, E. Bankers — Union Bank of London.

BENTLEY'S
WEED DESTROYER.

Mr. Elwortht, Nettlecombe Court, writes: —
' ' I have tried two factors, but I find yours much the most de-
structive." !•„,. full particulars apply to

J. BENTLEY,

CHEMICAL WORKS, BAKROW-ON-HUMBEB. HULL.

THE

Normal Fertiliser

For GREENHOUSE or GARDEN.

-, . 7 lb. 14 lb. 2S lb. 56 lb. 1 cwt.

Price :— 2$ Ss grf_ 6s- u_ 9s- lte-

And in id. and Is. packets.

To be had of Seedsmen and Florists, or the NORMAL

MANURE COMPANY, Ltd., 121, Bishopsgate Street Within,

E.C, and Farnham Road, Guildford. Usual Trade Discounts.

WholesaleofMessrs.HURSTiNDSON,152,Houndsditch,London

CLIBRANS EUCHARIS MITE KILLER.

Prices :— $ pint, Is. 6d. ; 1 pint, 2s. id. ; 1 quart, 4s. id. ;
} gallon, 7s. 6d.; 1 gallon, 12s. id.

Ask your seedsman for it, or apply to
WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham;
10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.

BEESON'S MANURE.— The Best and
Cheapest Fertiliser for all purposes. Write for Circular
containing the Leading Gardeners' and Market Growers'
Reports. Sold in Tins, Is., 2s. id., 5s. id., and 10s. id. each,
or 1 cwt. Bags, sealed, 13s. By all Seedsmen, or apply direct to
W. H. BEESON, Carbrook Bone Mills, Sheffield.

GARDENERS, &o., requiring PEAT, SAND
LOAM, POTTING COMPOST, GAEDEN NETTING,
RAFFIA MATS, &c, &c., in large or small quantities, will
save 25 per cent, by sending for our Price List post-free.

BRINKWORTJ AMD SONS, Reading.

CILVER SAND, Bedfordshire. — Several

O thousand tons of Coarse Potting Sand, 6s. per ton, free
on rail at Leighton Buzzard, in 4 and 6 ton trucks. Cash with
order.— Address the Owner, JOSEPH ARNOLD, 32, The Poly-
gon, London, N.W. Trade supplied.

ORCHID PEAT.— Splendid quality now instock.— Address,
JOSEPH ARNOLD, as above.

HUGHES' Soluble

Fir Tree OIL

FLORISTS & NURSERYMEN SHOULD ALL USE IT

Unsurpassed us an insecticide for killing all Insect pests
whether on the roots or on the foliage, without injury to the
most delicate plants. It also imparts gloss and lustre to the
foliage which is so desirable for Exhibition purposes.

Dog FailClers should always use it for Washing their
animals, a small quantity in the Water will make their Coats
Silky, and produce a healthy Skin Action. It kills all para-
Bites, and makes the Hair look Beautiful.

Used in the water for Washing Fabrics— it acts as a Disin-
fectant, Bleacher and Cleanser, and should always be used for
Washing Fine Linen Goods.

It kills Insect life on Man, Animals, Birds and Plants, with-
out any fear of injurious effects. It is invaluable for all
Animals and Birds when they are washed.

Sold by all Seedsmen and Chemists, 1/6, 2/6, 4/6 ; ^Gallon
7/6. 1-Gallon 12/6, or less in larger quantities.

A Treatise on FIR TREE OIL as an INSECTICIDE, lta
application to Plants and Animals, sent Post free on
application to
E. Q. HUGHES, Victoria-St., Manchester.

Wholesale from Messrs. Hooper & Co.; Corry, Soper
& Co. ; OsMAN & Co., and all the Seed Merchants and Pat«nt
Medicine Houses in London.

NEW YORK— Rolker & SONS.

180

THE GARDENERS'' CHRONICLE.

[August 17, 1889.

d.
15 0

SEEDLING PLANTS OF

CHOICE FLORISTS' FLOWERS, &c.

WE HAVE MUCH PLEASURE
in offering the following from our superb strains,
all in healthy young Plants, Post or Carriage Free at
price* quoted :— Per 100.

ACRICULAS, Alpine, very fine strain, autumn

sown. 1888 per d z., 2s. <6d

CALCEOLARIAS, Herbaceous, choicest tigred

ami spotted per doz., 2s.

CINERARIAS, large-flowered, dwarf, per doz., 2s.

., ordinary class, splendid strain, per doz., \s.&d.

CARNATIONS and PICOTEES, very choice, from

stage flowers; will produce 80 per cent.

double per doz., Is. 6d.

PRIMULA SINENSIS, beautiful fringed varieties,
,. A'-BA MAGNIFICA ... per doz., 2s. 6rf.
,, Crimson King, splendid colour, perdoz., 2s. Gd.
,, ch icest fringed, red or white, perdoz.. Is. &d.
,, ,, ,, mixed, in beautiful var., perdoz., Is. Qd.

CYCLAMEN PERSICUhTgIGANTEUM, strong
young plants from single pots, autumn

sown, 1888, very fine per doz., 5s. 35

PRIMULAS, double, pure white, stroug young

pi nits, from single pots ... per do/.., 5s. 35
HYACINTHS, early white Roman,

,, fine selected roots per doz., 2s. fid. 17

,, ordinary size, good roots per doz., 2s. 14

DANIELS BROS.,

Town Close Nurseries,

NORWICH.

10 6

10
10

DUTCH BULBS ! — BULBS!— BULBS!—
Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcissi. Crocuses. Anemones, Ra-
nunculus, Lilies, and all other Bulbous Plants and Roots.
Good9 delivered entirely free of any charge at destination in
Great Britain and Ireland. No picking charges. The most
favourable and easy terms ever offered. Only th- finest roots,
guaranteed true to name, supplied at lowest prices. Beauti-
fully illustrated English CATALOGUE for Amateurs, gratis
and post-free on application to VAN MEERBEEK AND CO.,
Growers, Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland.

LILIES EXTRAORDINARY.—
LILIUM AURATUM RUBRO VITTATUM. true, pure
white, no spots, dazzling crimaon band up the centre of each
petal, and suffusing the whole of the petal ; the most striking
llower st-en. In pots, with 4 to 6 flower buds, Is. $d. each.

LtLIlTM AURAl'UM VEKGINALE, pure white, no spots or
markings, except a beautiful golden band up the centre of each
petal; rarest Lily in Japan, and marvellous flower. With
4 to 6 flower buds, 7*. 6^. each.

LILILIM ALBUM KRATZERI, pure white flower buds
showing or in flower, ls.Qd. Medals received wherever shown.
Numerous other LILIES in pots. Apply to

W. GORDOX, The Nurseries. Twickenham.

UA (\(\(\ CLEMATIS, in Pots, of all the

Ol/^Vwl/ fine-t Double and Siugle Varieties (some
of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of
every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for
climbing and bedding, from 12s. to 24s. per dozen, strong
plants; extra strong plants, repotted into 5^-inch pots, 2s m.
each ; Beauty of Worcester, a magnificent purple, excellent
for bedding, recently sent out by us, reduced price 2s. 6d. each.
Descriptive LIST on application.— RICHARD SMITH and CO.,
Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester.

IMPORTANT TO GENTLEMEN
Stocking New Houses, adding to Collections of Stove and
Greenhouse Plants, or Ferns. A CATALOGUE of 134 Pages,
which includes Lists of all the finest Stove and Greenhouse
Plants, Orchids, and Ferns, may be had post-free for 3 stamps.

12 Fine STOVE PLANTS, 12s., 18s.

12 ,. GREENHOUSE PLANTS, 9s., 18s.

12 Distinct STOVE and GREENHOUSE FERNS, 9s. or 18s.

12 Fine ORCHIDS, for Cool or Hothouses, 42s., 63s.

An immense stock of Plants on hand, an inspection invited
before buying elsewhere.

WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham ;
10 and 12. Market Street, Manchester.

— " G E M S " — " G E M S "

of Choice Stove Plants.

OXERA PULCHELLA — dense clusters, 8 to 10 inches
across, of pure white, funnel-shaped flowers, about 2 inches
long and 1 inch across. Flowers in winter very lasting,
graceful and beautiful. 5s.

SCHUBERTIA GRANDIFLORA— flowers white with de-
lightful, almond-like fragrance, produced in large trusses,
similar to Stephanotis. Excellent for cutting. 2s. 6d. and 3s. %d.

STEPHANOTIS FLORIBUNDA— the finest variety in cul-
tivation, and freest bloomer, flowering at every joint, and
blooms in a lower temperature than any other variety we
know. Is., Is. 6d.t 2s. tid., 3s, 6d., 5s. ; and fine specimens,
21s., 31s. 6rf., and 40s. each.

STIGMAPHYLLUM CILIATUM (Golden Vine) — flowers
rich orange, similar to the lovely Orchid Oncidium flexuosum.
Very disi inct. 2s. 6d. each.

TOXICOPHLJEA SPECTABILIS (Winter Sweet) — large
dense sprays of white flowers, sweetly perfumed. Beautiful
winter-flowering plant. 2s. Gd. and 3s. 6rf. each.

GLONERA JASMINIFLORA— one of the most beautiful
white-flowering plants for either cutting or decoration. Blooms
in the winter or early spring, and worthy of a place in the
xaoit select collection. 2s. tid. and 3s. 6d.

CATALOGUES of these, and all you want for a Garden free,
by post from

WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham;
10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.

"p EMS"

STRAWBERRY RUNNERS for FRUITING
NEXT SEASON.— Thury, Paxton, President, and other
favourite varieties. Descriptive LIST, with prices, on appli-
cation. Sample of plants, post-free, 3d.

W. LOVELL and SON, Strawberry Planters, Driffield.

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

VEGETABLE CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION OF VEGETABLES

IN THE SOCIETY'S GARDENS, SUTTON COURT ROAD, CHISWICK,
SEPTEMBER 24th, 25th, and 23th, 1889.

Opening Proceedings TUESDAY, September 24th.

Conference Meeting WEDNESDAY, September 25th, at 2 p.m.

Conference Meeting THURSDAY, September 26th, at 2 p.m.

Frequent Trains from all Station's on the Metropolitan and Metropolitan District Railways
to Acton Green and Turnham Green ; by the North London to Gunnersbury : and by South-
western to Chiswick Station — all within a few minutes' walk of the Gardens.

SCHEDULES AND FURTHER INFORMATION

May be obtained on application to Mr. A. F. BARRON,

Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens, Chiswick.

F. W. & H. STANSFIELD, Nurserymen. — In consequence of the retirement from business
of Mr. F. W. Stanspield (in order to devote himself to {he profession of Medicine), this
concern will in future be carried on by Mr. Herbert Stanspield, under the title of

H. STANSFIELD & CO.,

"NT ^^vJp* / SALE> nea1' MANCHESTER, for Ferns and Alpine Plants.
iNUrSei 16S I PONTEFRACT, YORKSHIRE, for Roses and Ferns.

NO OTHER BRANCH ESTABLISHMENT.
Finest Trade COLLECTION of BRITISH FERNS in the United Kingdom.

First Prize for Hardy Ferns at Manchester Royal Botanical Society's Show, June, 1889.

We have previously twice in succession obtained the First Prize for Alpine Plants in competition with some of the most eminent

Firms in the North and South if England.

EARLY WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS,

Double Roman and Paper-white Narcissus.

JAMES VEITCH & SONS

BEG TO ANNOUNCE THEY HAVE RECEIVED THEIR USUAL CONSIGNMENTS OF

THE ABOVE VALUABLE BULBS FOR EARLY FORCING,

And will be pleased to receive Orders for immediate deliver//.

ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY, KING'S ROAD, CHELSEA, LONDON, S.W.

CONTRACTORS TO HER MAJESTY'S WAR DEPARTMENT.

THE THAMES BANKlRON COMPANY

(Telegraphic Address -"HOT- WATER. LONDON." Telephone-No. 4,7o3)
Have now pleasure in bringing to the notice of Horticulturists and Gardeners generally their

NEW PATENT «»■ 9090, \m HORIZONTAL TUBULAR BOILER,

"Which is, without doubt, the Best All-round Boiler in the Market.

■

It combines all the ad-
vantages of its class so well
known, and by the improved
method of forming the
joints — viz., with India-
rubber Washers, the Old
and too often lneffect-
ual way of caulking
the joints is entirely
dispensed with.

It can be erected in a few
hours, and may be relied
upon as a thoroughly sound
and good Hot-water Gene-
rator. It has been care-
fully tested in every possible
way, more especially with
regard to power and dura-
bility, and the result has
been highly satisfactory.

"*rj|0N CF PATENT JOINT

THE LARGEST AND MOST COMPLETE STOCK OF

HOT-WATER BOILERS of EVERY DESCRIPTION

PIPES CONNECTIONS, VALVES, VENTILATING GEAR, &c.

INSPECTION INVITED. PRICE LIST ON AMPLICATION. ILLUSTRATE!! CATALOGUE, 1».

UPPER GROUND STREET, BLACKFRIARS, LONDON, S.E.

August 17, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

181

CARTERS'

EARLY BULBS

To produce beautiful White and Coloured Flowers
for Christinas and Easter Decoration.

WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS,

The Largest Bulhi of the Year. Present price —
140s. per 1000, 16s. per 100, 2s. per dozen.

DOUBLE ROMAN NARCISSUS.

Present price— 78. 6d. per 100, Is. per dozen.

PAPER WHITE NARCISSUS.

Present price— 73. 6d. per 100, IS. per dozen.

VAN THOL TULIPS, Red and Yellow.

Present price— 48. 6d. per 100, 9d. per dozen.

THE EASTER LILY. The White Easter

Lily. We hold the entire stock of the largest culti-
vator of this lovely Lily. Present price— Is. and 28.
each. 10S. 6d and 218. per dozen.

Detailed Catalogue gratis and post-free.

ALL PARCELS CARRIAGE FREE.

Royal Seedsmen toy Sealed Warrants,

2374238, HICHHOLBORH, LONDON.

DUTCH BULBS CHEAP !

FRENCH BULBS CHEAP !

ENGLISH BULBS CHEAP !

See our Special Wholesale Catalogue of Bulbs,

Containing List of all the best varieties of HYACINTHS,

TULIPS, CROCUS, LILIUMS, DAFFODILS, SNOWDROPS,

IRIS, &c, &c, free on application.

Please compare our Prices be/ore sending your Orders abroad.

WATKINS & SIMPSON,

Seed and Bulb Merchants,

Exeter Street, Strand, London, W.C.

EARLY WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS,

EARLY-FLOWERING NARCISSUS,

and all other BULBS for Forcing, now ready for delivery.
Priced LIST free on application.

Dicks ons^jz] Chester.

(Limited.)

PANSIES !— PANSIES !!— PANSIES !!!

EXHIBITION FANCY VARIETIES.
12 CUTTINGS in 12 varieties, 2s. ad. post-free.

4s.

6s. 6rf

100

12s.

200

100

30s.

(Two cuttings of each variety.)

Notwithstanding the very hot and dry season, my Pansiea

never grew to well. My Pansy Foreman has already put in 21,000

of the freshest, healthiest, and strongest cuttings it is possible to

conceive of. I can offer well-rooted, handsome blooming young

( 12 in 12 varieties, 4s. post-free.

flams < 50 (( w m l2s u

(lOO ,,10O ,, 30*. .,

Here is a sample of the grand new and good varieties, which
I will include in all the above collections of cuttings and
plants:— John Shaw, A.Ashcroft, My Lady (the large.-t Pansy).
Bob Montgomery, Geo.Crome, Princess Beatrice, -Toe Chamber-
lain, Neil Mackay, John Pope (new), Mrs. Griffiths (new 1889,
very large), John Crabbe, and Mrs. Brow ell.

SEED saved this season from my world-renowned collection
of Pansies : — Show Varieties, Is. and 2s. 64. per packet;
Fancy Varieties, Is. and 2s. Gd. per packet, (A 2s. 6d. packet
contains three Is. packets.)

Illustrated CATALOGUE Post-free.

CUTHBERTSON, F.R.H.S.,

PANSY GROWER,

ROTHESAY, SCOTLAND.

Seeds for Present Sowing.

CABBAGE— Enfield Market, Is. 6d. per lb. ;
Earlv Rainham, 2s. per lb. ; Coleman's East Kent. 2s.
per Ih. ; Fine Red Pickling, 2s. 6d. per lb. ONION— White
Lisbon. 56s. per cwt.. 8d. per lb.; Fine White Spanish,
2s. id. per lb. ; Giant Korea. 3s. per lb.

CATALOGUE gratis and post-free.
B. L. COLEMAN, Seed Merchant. Sandwich, Kent.

SUTTON'S BULBS.

For
Particulars

^^ / Now Keady,
Q \ I Price 6d

Post-free.

Contains the Most Complete List of

SPRING-FLOWERING BULBS

yet published.
Beautifully Illustrated with a large number
of Engravings, and a Handsome Coloured

Plate of
SUTTON'S MATCHLESS HYACINTHS

SUTTON'S BULBS

GENUINE ONLY DIRECT FROM READINC.

5s. Value Carriage Free.

ROSES FOR FORCING

Our stock this season is in splendid condition,

AND WE CAN OFFER

TEA-SCENTED, NOISETTE,

HYBRID PERPETTJALS, &c,

in exceptionally fine, clean, healthy, well-
grown plants,

Established in 8-inch pots ;

also strong plants in 5-inch pots.

Our Prices are low for first-rate stock, and we shall be
pleased to forward quotations. Trade or Retail, on application.

OUR COLLECTION OF

O U T-D OOR ROSES

COMPRISES UPWARDS OF

150,000 Dwarfs and Standards,

and. we ore now Hooking Orders for autumn delivery.
CATALOGUES forwarded on application.

JOHN CRANSTON & CO.,

King's Acre Nursery,

HEREFORD.

FERNS A SPECIALTY.

The finest, most varied, choice, and interesting
Collection iu the Trade.
1-100 species and varieties of Stove. Greenhouse, &, Hardy Ferns.
Partially descriptive CATALOGUE free on application.
Illustrated CATALOGUE (So. 31), containing 120 Illustra-
tions, and much valuable information on the Cultivation of
Ferns, Is. 6d. post-free.

W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,

FERN NURSERY.
SALE, MANCHESTER.

As a Supplement

TO THE

Gardeners' Chronicle

tor

Next Week, August 24,

WILL BE

Published an Ink Photograph

PHYTOLACCA DIOICA

IN MADEIRA.

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SATURDAY, AUGUST 17, 1889.

THE DUKERIES.

THE members of the Boyal Scottish Arbori-
cultural Society selected the interesting
region of Sherwood Forest for their annual
excursion this year. The contingent numbering
thirty-six from Scotland, started from Edinburgh
at 10.40 p.m. on the 6th inst., for Worksop, where
on the following morning they were met by some
forty members from various parts of England
and Wales.

Before breakfast the party viewed the quaint
pretty town of Worksop, finding much that was
interesting in the older buildings, especially the
Priory or parish church, and the remains of the
ancient priory beside it. Among other features
that excited the interest of many, was a remark-
ably luxuriant plant of Clematis vitalba, which
covered with its rich green drapery the whole
front of a large three-storied house and shop ;
and also an umbrella-like projection in wire,
which overhung the doorway of the shop, window-
boxes and pots in the windows of the second
storey, supported Clematis .Tackmannii, scarlet
Pelargoniums, and Tropieolums of the Lobbi-
anum type, which being in flower, lent a charm-
ing effect to the rich green festoons of
the Traveller's Joy, with which they were
freely intermingled. The most notable point
in connection with the latter, however, was
the age of the plant. It was six years
old, but had been planted in its present position
only three years. Owing to the foundations and
drains of the building, it could not be planted
nearer the wall than a point several feet away,
and under the flag-stones of the footway. This
necessitated the growing of the plant in a pot
for several seasons, in order to develop a woody
stem of sufficient length and substance, to extend
from the point at which it was practicable to plant
the roots under the footway and up the wall of
the house some distance. Several abortive
attempts had been made by the proprietor with
younger plants, prior to hitting on the scheme of
growing on a plant for some time in preparation
for the peculiar and only position in which he could

182

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[AuorosT 17, 1889.

possibly establish the desired ornament for the
front of his premises. The walls of the workshops
and stores behind the shop and dwelling-house,
and a trellis-covered iron staircase, are festooned
with the growth of another plant of the same
species of Clematis intermingled with Ampelopsis.
This was perhaps hardly less remarkable than
the other, as a triumph over exceptional diffi-
culties in planting. A narrow path or passage,
boundod on eaoh side by walls about 20 feet
high, making a dark, sunless, draughty position ;
yet the plant covered about 80 feet by 20 feet of
the wall on one side, and had sent out sprays of
10 or 12 feet in length this season.

Immediately after breakfast the party, seated
in six large brakes, drove to

Clumbek,

the seat of the* Duke of Newcastle, under the
guidance of Mr. Tomlinson, the forester on the
estate. The drive from Worksop to the nearest
point of Clumber Park gave to the majority of the
excursionists their first view of the [splendour and
the vast extent of the sylvan beauties of the
Dukeries.

Leaving Worksop Manor and Welbeck on the
right, the party entered Clumber by Trueman's
Lodge, and found themselves immediately engaged
in viewing plantations, young and old trees, inter-
spersed among which were not a few hoary giant
Oaks, remains of the ancient Sherwood Forest,
which in former times extending from Nottingham
to Sheffield, included the famous district of the
Dukeries.

Clumber Park comprises about 4000 acres, with a
circumference of about 11 miles, and was, till about
200 years ago, open forest land. Now it is a richly
wooded demesne, abounding in magnificent woods
of Oak, Beech, Spanish Chestnut, Larch, Scotch
Pine, Spruce, and other hardy trees, intermixed or
separately in the respective plantations. The Park
is intersected with roads, spacious drives, and
avenues, which open up, as they are traversed, many
beautiful woodland scenes and vistas, commanding
interesting views in the Park and more distant land-
scape.

The route followed brought the party through some
of the oldest plantations to the house. On the way
some measurements were taken of the more remark-
able trees. The largest Beech measured was 10 feet
2 inches girth at 5 feet from the ground ; the largest
Larch met with, which was near the mansion, was
12 feet girth and 96 feet high. Of large Oaks, there
were many in all parts of the park visited, but I
shall have more to say of them in my notes on
Thoresby and Welbeck. The terrace flower garden,
in the Italian style, in front of the house, with its
statuary and splendid marble fountain — the lower
basin of which is 12 feet 6 inches in diameter, the
block from which it was made stated to have been
50 tons weight — were much admired by the visitors.
One of the finest features of this part of Clumber
is the lake — about 90 acres in extent — which sweeps
past the terrace-front of the house in majestic
breadth, and is lost to view in the deepening
shadows of the woodlaud, in which it lies embosomed
on either hand. The pleasure-grounds around the
house contain a few fine specimens of Cedar of
Lebanon, estimated to be about 300 years old, the
largest of which girthed 20 feet 8 inches at the
ground, and swelled out to 27 feet 3 feet higher up,
by 62 feet in height. Taxodium distichum and
Liriodendron tulipifera were represented in the
pleasure-grounds by respectable specimens, though
neither of them could be said to be remarkable ; the
first-named was 55 feet in height, with a propor-
tionate girth. A glance at the kitchen garden, and
fruit and plant houses, and the handsome new chapel,
not yet finished, whicli is situated in close proximity
to the housp, brought the visitors to such an
advanced hour in the day that they had to hurry on.
A short drive brought them to a fine three-arched
bridge thrown across the lake, where a brief halt

was made to view the beautiful scenery spread out
on either hand. On the right, about half-a-mile
distant, lay the noble mansion and terrace mirrored
on the bosom of the lake, and on the left a hand-
some island clad with graceful Willows and other
characteristic trees and shrubs to the water edge,
the whole forming a charming scene which was much
admired. Near the bridge was a tall black Italian
Poplar, rearing its rather dense head above the sur-
rounding Willows, Birches, &c, which was rendered
the more dense, as well as more interesting, by the
presence of masses of Mistleto which had found
congenial quarters on its branches. Taking carriage
again, the party was conducted through broad
masses of woodland and open pastures, interrupted
here and there by wide reaches of Bracken and
Heather to the

Lime Tree Avenue,
two miles in length, and one of the most perfect
and extensive of the kind in England. The trees
are in double lines on each side of the fine roadway.
They were planted about sixty years ago at a regular
distance of about 35 feet apart, and are now from
50 to 60 feet in height, and perfect specimens of
their kind. Another feature in avenues in this ex-
tensive park is the Elm Tree Avenue, which is
3 miles in length. In passing through the park,
towards Thoresby, it was noted that the Heather was
dying out in wide reaches. Mr. Tomlinson could
assign no cause for it, and said that burning, which
often arrested the progress of death, had in this case
failed to do so, but that when the surface was pared
off with the spade, healthy seedlings of Ling sprung
up, and renewed the clothing of the ground effectu-
ally. After partaking of the hospitality of Mr.
Tomlinson, the party were led, in a northerly direc-
tion, direct to

Thoresby,
where, at a point on the south-eastern boundary of
the park, they were met by Mr. Jamieson, the veteran
forester, who for over forty years has managed the
famous woods on this estate. A short drive through
plantations of thriving Oaks, Spanish Chestnuts of
from 80 to 100 years old, thinly interspersed with
noble Scotch Pine and Larch, and miscellaneous
hardwoods, brought us to an open space of large
extent in the park, which is being afforested in a
gradual way annually, by sowing, instead of planting.
A number of acres are taken in yearly and inclosed,
the fencing being rabbit-proof wire. The ground is
marked off in slips of from 15 to 20 feet wide ; each
alternate slip is trenched 18 inches deep, and Acorns
or Chestnuts — both being reared in the same way
— are sown in lines about 5 feet apart. The surface
is kept clean in the usual way till the plants are
capable of mastering the weeds. Thick sowing is
the rule, and the plants are thinned out gradually,
the thinnings being planted elsewhere. The lines of
some two-year-old Oaks were not unlike seed lines
of the same age in a nursery. The untrenched slips
are planted with Spruce, Scotch Pine, and Larch
as nurses. This practice was adopted by the late
Duke of Portland about 40 years ago, and the merits
claimed for it are that it is economical in regard to
the first outlay, and that earlier and better returns
are obtained. It has only recently been tried at
Thoresby, and results are not so well illustrated by
varied example there as at Welbeck, where the
party afterwards saw many portions of woods of
various ages which they were able to compare with
others that had been planted in the usual way.

A drive through the woodlands revealed features
of abounding interest to the visitors. Avenues of
Wellingtonia, and others of Douglas Fir in the most
perfect health, backed up on either side by magnifi-
cent masses of Oak, Spanish Chestnut, Beech, Birch,
and, but more rarely, also splendid groups of Larch
and Scotch Pine, of such age aud grand proportions
as to suggest a regret to the mind that their charac-
teristic styles of growth and habit were not more
frequently blended with those of the all-prevailing
Oak and Chestnut.
The progress of the party had hitherto been

made through broad reaches of woodland, intersected
by spacious drives and vistas, the trees averaging
from 10 to 150 years, with here and there the hoary
gigantic remains of ancient Sherwood standing out
singly or in sparse groups in vivid pleasing contrast
with the younger generations of thriving trees
around them. There was no time to spare for taking
measurements in the portions of the park traversed
from the time of entering it, till the party reached
the residence of Mr. Jamieson, where they were
hospitably entertained, and much interested in a
very orderly, well-kept nursery, stocked with mis-
cellaneous trees and shrubs for estate purposes.

Remounting, the party drove through the Deer
Park, which is beautifully undulated, and of great
extent, abounding in red and fallow deer, and taste-
fully diversified with well-placed groups or single
specimens of Limes, Beeches, and other hand-
some park trees. Many of the first-named, both
here and at Clumber — and, as we found afterwards,
also at Welbeck — exhibited a dense, strictly conical
habit, which the members of the party generally
considered peculiar to the district. No apparent
local conditions appeared to account for the pecu-
liarity, nor was any probable reason elicited to help
solve the question.

Arriving at Thoresby House, the party were
entertained at luncheon by the kindness of Earl
Manvers.

A rapid glance at the flower and kitchen gar-
dens, with their extensive and well-appointed ranges
of fruit and plant houses under Mr. Henderson's
guidance, was all that could be spared for this
department of a princely place.

The day being far spent, it was seen that the pro-
gramme of the morning could not be carried out in
its entirety, it being found impossible to reach
Birklands and Budby South Forest, and return to
Worksop. It was, therefore, determined to visit
Budby North Forest, en route through the Park to
head-quarters. In doing so, the party was con-
ducted through a long reach of ancient forest land,
amid thousands of gigantic Oaks, averaging from
twenty to forty to the acre. They were, in the
majority, well preserved and in fine health and
form, averaging about 50 feet in height, their tops
covering an area twice that number' of feet in
diameter. The largest girth taken was 17 feet 10
inches ; but while not a few that were passed in
review loomed larger to the sight, many were
obviously smaller, and the average would probably
be about 13 or 14 feet. The drive through this
section of the Park was of great interest to all
present, the imagination of each realising something
of the sylvan grandeur in which this beautiful
country was clothed hundreds of years ago. Here
the work of woodland inspection closed for the day,
and the party returned to Worksop to dine and rest
after a fatiguing but delightful day.

An early breakfast, the following morning, en-
abled the company to start at half-past eight for

Worksop Manor,

under the guidance of Mr. Oates, forester on that
estate. Little time could be spared here, but the
party saw much to admire in the splendid timber
trees iu which the Manor Park abounds. Oak, Beech,
Scotch Pine, Larch, Silver Fir were much appre-
ciated for their clean, massive growth, and great
proportions. The largest Oak measured gave a girth
of 10 feet 3 inches, with a straight, clean trunk of
46 feet in length ; and the largest Larch girthed
7 feet 8 inches, with a very slightly tapered stem of
79 feet. Hurrying on to

Welbeck,
the company was met by Mr. W. H. Jamieson, forester,
at a point nearest Worksop Manor. The first object
of interest to which attention was directed, was a
large wood of Spanish Chestnut, about forty years
old, one of the earliest that had been laid down by
sowing on the ground in the manner already de-
scribed. It was admitted by all to be the finest
mass of the kind and age that any of the members

August 17, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

.183

had ever seen. The trees averaged 60 to 70 feet in
height, with boles from 12 to 18 inches girth, clean
' and straight as gun-barrels. Everywhere through-
out the park the same classes of timber trees as have
already been noted at Clumber and Thoresby were
to be seen in equal luxuriance and beauty. Oak
wood of various ages reared from seed in the same
way just alluded to were met with at many points, but

Snot a few of the company failed to see any advan-
tage in the practice over the ordinary manner of
. planting, examples of plantations being met with in
such conditions as rendered comparison fair.

Planting is actively carried on here annually.
Last year we learned from Mr. Jamieson that he
had planted out no fewer than 200,000 Conifers
and hardwood trees from the home nursery alone,
which leaves out of count the many thousands
bought in.

Spruce, which it was noted grew but indifferently
at the foregoing places, were here found rapidly
going to decay at the age of forty years. Splendid
growth they had made up to a few years ago, but
health had suddenly failed, and wide plantations
were dying on their feet. The soil, which through-
out the district is of a very light sandy nature, was,
in the opinion of many, the cause of the decay of the
moisture-loving Spruce, and probably the opening
up of the woods in the necessary course of thinning
may have combined with the natural dryness of the
soil to precipitate decay since the last thinning took
place.

In the White Deer Park, a wide range of the
demesne, the visitors found some rare objects of
interest. The Porter Oaks, so called because they
stand on either side of a former gateway into the
Abbey, are huge relics of the remote past. One
girths, at 5 feet up, 2G feet, at the base 36 feet, and
is 31 feet in height; the other, at 5 feet, girths
24 feet, and at the base 33 feet, with a height of
52 feet.

In the same neighbourhood is the Euysdael
Oak, so named by the late Duke because of its
resemblance to trees painted by the Dutch artist of
that name in some of his landscapes. And close by
is the Seven Sisters Oak, a portion of which was
living and erect last autumn, but since then blown
down, and lies a huge dead trunk on the earth, with
other portions which had shared the same fate years
ago. In a picture of a former Duke, seen in the
picture gallery of the Abbey later on by the party,
the tree is shown in its perfect form before accidents
brought about its mutilation. It is represented with
seven perfectly upright stems springing from one
short trunk of enormous girth. Not far off, in a
hollow, stands the Greendale Oak, to which attaches
the following legend :— In 1724 the then Duke of
Portland laid a bet that he had a tree on his place
through which he could drive a coach-and-six. In
order to gain his wager, he had an archway cut
through the trunk large enough to enable him to
drive six horses, two abreast, with a carriage after
them. The tree, though a wreck of former grandeur,
still lives, but its limbs are shored up and carefully
braced, to keep them together.

The party then made a flying visit to the gardens
and tunnels, for which Welbeck is famous.

After lunch, the party spent some time in inspect-
ing the magnificent stables and riding-school, the
dairy establishment, the famous stud of blood horses,
and the timber-yard and saw-mills, and joiners
workshops — the latter a veritable nest of industry,
not, perhaps, so large, but as complete in every
appointment and detail as may be found in the
.largest centres where timber manufacture is
carried on.

Space will only permit our taking a rapid glance
at the remainder of the proceedings ot the day.
From the Abbey the party made its way southward
to Birklands, on the Thoresby estate, where some of
the most celebrated Oaks in the district stand. The
first that was reached is the Shambles Oak, on
which legend hath it that Robin Hood hung his
venison to ripen. The trunk is a mere shell, though
the top still unfolds a fair canopy of leaves.

Further south still the Major Oak is reached
— a tree of magnificent proportions, which might
well have been reserved by our courteous con-
ductors as the last incitement to our powers of
admiration during two days of ceaseless strain
on those powers. But the " Major " is not the
last, though he is the greatest of his tribe that we
have seen in perfect health. At 5 feet from the
ground, the trunk girths 29 feet 6 inches, and is about
70 feet high, with about 100 feet diameter of the
spread of the branches, displaying a dense cloud of
deep green foliage suggestive of the most vigorous
health ; yet the huge giant had a hollow in his
heart large enough to easily stow away thirteen of
the company, a rent about 18 inches wide and 7
feet long on one side the trunk, making a not too
roomy entrance for most of them. Onward a little
further, and we stand under the Simon Foster Oak,
still struggling to defy the " tooth of Time," but
unquestionably decrepid, yet huge and grand in his
decay ; but after the gay green Major, it is hardly
necessary to say that the members of the party had
little inclination to test his dimensions, but turned
towards Worksop, bearing with them warm feelings of
gratitude to all who had ministered to their pleasure
during what they will remember as one of the most
successful excursions undertaken by the Royal
Scottish Arboricultural Society. They arrived in
Worksop a little before 9 p.m., dined together at the
Royal Hotel, and then broke up ; the majority of the
Scotch contingent leaving Worksop at a quarter past
eleven o'clock en route for the North.

New or Noteworthy Plants.

GLADIOLUS TUKICENSISx.

This beautiful hybrid (alluded to in my note on
p. 154 of your last issue) has opened somewhat
sooner than I expected, and is now in full flower in
my garden. Although by no means so evenly
expanded or perfectly formed a flower as G.
nanceianus x , it is undoubtedly a very fine thing,
which shows its Saundersi parentage in a much more
marked and unmistakable manner than Lemoine's
hybrid does. Having now G. Saundersi also in
flower, I have been able to compare it with the new
hybrid, and find that the flowers of the latter are
nearly twice as large, and of much lighter shade of
red than those of its parent, and are beautifully
marked with pure white on the lower petals. In
this hybrid also the bad habit of the parent of
bending-in its flowers towards the stem is almost
entirely absent, though in this regard also it is
slightly inferior to G. nanceianus. Herr Froebel in-
forms me that it is an exceedingly vigorous grower
and free bloomer, and well adapted for planting in
beds where masses of one colour are required. W. E.
Gumbleton.

Luddemannia Pescatorei, Linden and Schb.f.

A fine raceme, sent to Kew by Mr. F. W. Moore,
of Glasnevin, for determination, proves to belong to
this rare and beautiful species, and serves to recall
the plant of the closely allied L. Lehmanni, exhibited
by Sir Trevor Lawrence at the Orchid Conference
at South Kensington, which proved such an object
of interest. The raceme now sent is a little under
a yard long, the greater portion being crowded with
orange and brown flowers, like that of an Aerides,
which in habit it much resembles. The species was
introduced in 1848 by M. Linden, and flowered in
the collection of M. Pescatore, at Paris. It was
from a few detached flowers from this plant that
Lindley described it as Cycnoches Pescatorei, re-
marking that the raceme was a yard long and bore
ninety-six, flowers. The figure in Linden's Pesca-
torea, i., t. 22, shows the raceme far too lax, for the
flowers on the Glasnevin raceme are somewhat fewer
iti number, and yet the raceme is much denser than
the figure in question.

It is a native of Ocaua, and was discovered by
Schlim, at an elrvation of 9000 feet above sea-level.

But what is this remarkable plant ? Is it a good
genus, or a sexual form of Cycnoches, Acineta, or
Peristeria, or of something else ? Bentham refers it
to Cycnoches, but as both sexes of this genus are
known I do not think it can possibly belong here, to
say nothing of the different habit. The conclusions
arrived at by Reichenbach point in the direction of
Acineta, for he says that one year Messrs. Veitch
sent what appeared to be a fresh Luddemannia, and
next year it showed the abominable inflorescence of
Acineta erythroxantha, from which plant he had
also obtained good seed. Those who would read
this interesting paper in the original should consult
the seventh volume of the Journal of the Royal Hor-
ticultural Society, p. 20. He concludes, however, by
saying that Luddemannias " may be sexes of Acineta,
perhaps also of Peristeria." It is certain that plants
believed to be Luddemannias have proved to be
Acinetas on flowering, but it seems strange that no
one has seen an Acineta sporting in the reverse
direction ; also that the pollen of that genus should be
apparently perfect. It is much to be hoped that Mr.
Moore will succeed in keeping it healthy and flower
it again and again, letting us know the result. E. J,
Solfe, Herbarium, Kew.

THE JARDIN DES PLANTES.

On the occasion of a recent trip to Paris, I visited
these gardens, and was most attracted by the fol-
lowing:—

Solatium glaucophyllum. — This is one of the most
striking herbaceous plants in the Jardin. It is very
ornamental as a foliage plant, and not to be despised
for its flowers. The stems are numerous, 3 feet
high, each one springing direct from the ground, and
is unbranched until it breaks into flowering leafy
heads. The leaves, which are very glaucous, with a
blue shade, are 7 inches long, lanceolate with a car-
tilaginous entire margin. The flowers are deep
purple, with a white centre, nearly an inch across
It is a native of Paraguay.

Cuourbita perennis. — We have long known this
species in England as one that would live out-of-
doors but not reach a full development, and I was
somewhat surprised to see how well it was growing
here. It was of very ornamental appearance, pro-
ducing long shoots, and forming a fine mass of its
large silvery leaves. One particular specimen grows
in a bed on grass, and radiates its stems on the
green turf all around, forming a sort of star, with
large leaves in the centre, diminishing towards the
circumference. It flowers freely, and is worth
trying in a specially warm position. This specimen
is, perhaps, 25 feet across. Native of Texas, Cali-
fornia, &c.

Nelumbiums, Out-of-doors. — It has long been a
matter of interest that N. luteum, with only a glass
protection in winter, grows and flowers out-of-doors
in these gardens, but that N. speciosum has suc-
ceeded under the same conditions will be news to
many. Both, however, are now grown in couipanv,
and they flowered together last year. This year
they are alike weak, and do not look at all pro-
mising, a condition due in some measure, probablv
to the dull weather of last year, and partly perhaps
to the position, which is too much shaded by trees.

Ehretia scrrata. — This tree, Japanese according to
the label, is now flowering for the second time only.
It is perfectly hardy, and bears some resemblance to
a Lilac, though from an ornamental point of view it
is not so good. This specimen is about 18 feet high ;
it has ovate or oblong lanceolate, sometimes obovate,
dark green leaves about 8 inches long, with the
margins sharply serrated. The flowers are borne in
terminal panicles, 3 or 4 inches long, with flexuose
branches ; they are small, rotate, and of a white
colour. It is an interesting tree to be sought for
all collections, but not for general planting.

Asparagus vertietilatw. — Of all the bard; species
this is perhaps the most ornamental, and a line
specimen is iu these gardens. It is about 10 feet
high, clothed with light green leaves— more properlv

184

THE GA R 1) E NEB S' CHI? 0 NI CL E.

[August 17, 188a.

cladodes — triangular in section, and about 1 inch
long, and is covered with fruit which, when ripe,
being reddish and much like those of the common
Asparagus, must be exceedingly ornamental. This
would be a splendid subject for a single lawn speci-
men. The other species to be noted in this garden,
all in some degree ornamental, are A. dahuricus, A.
trichophyllus, A. caspius, A. tenuifolius, A. amarus,
and A. prostratus. The last has a somewhat peculiar
prostrate habit, but otherwise resembles the common
A. officinalis. A. verticillatus is a native of Persia,
the Caucasus, Siberia, &c.

Azolla in Fruit. — This is now fruiting freely.
It is of some' interest, since in England we
have never known it to bear fruit, though at
Bonn we have heard that it does so. We
have received the plant from Bonn under the
name of A. filiculoides, but so far as we have yet
seen, it appears to be the same as that known in
England as A. caroliniana. The Paris plant is evi-
dently the same as our own. It is fruiting in the
Jardin des Plantes in a small basin out-of-doors,
and we were informed that it will not fruit until it
forms a tight mass. It grows on water so shallow
that the roots are able to penetrate the soil. This
seems an important point for the flowering or fruit-
ing of several floating aquatics. The so-called fruits,
more properly sporocarps, are ovoid, and though
small are numerous. They are borne on the under-
side of the frond, and are directed downwards.
/. if. L.

EOYAL BOTANIC SOCIETY,
REGENT'S PARK.

These gardens, a3 most of us are aware, have
lately reached their fiftieth anniversary, celebrating
the occasion by what is termed a Floral Parade and
Feast of Roses, a tasteless and silly exhibition which
was very popular, but which it is to be hoped rather
than expected, will not be repeated.

Fifty years to a Society should not have much
effect upon its vigour and strength, unless it tend to
strengthen both. It may be that during its past fifty
years of existence it has verged slightly from the
paths that one would lay down for such a Society as
the above; but what Society or individual can exist
a space of fifty years without contracting some error,
or errors, during that period? Man is but mortal,
and doubtless Societies are made of much the same
material.

Bet it profit by its past experiences. No
one will question that the Society has done
good work in the past, both botanically and horti-
culturally, and we wish it a successful future.
Botanic gardens have been, and still are, most useful
institutions to the country, and in no small way to
gardeners and those who are interested in horti-
culture, though they are not honoured by all gar-
deners so much as they ought to be. How much
can be learnt by paying an occasional visit during a
year to such a garden as that of Kew ! What plants
are there, both inside and out, meriting a place in
every well-organised garden. We know full well
that botanic gardens do contain many plants which
are hardly worth being represented in a private col-
lection ; but, on the other hand, there are many —
yes, numerous plants— most beautiful, that one only
here and there fiuds outside their boundaries. Pro-
prietors of gardens should make suitable arrange-
ments for their gardeners to visit some of the best
establishments in the country during the season.
The beneficial influence this would have would soon
make itself apparent, and would over and over again
repay the slight expense that might be incurred by
bo doing.

In a garden like that of the Regent's Park Society,
one is sure to find something worthy of notice ; some
plant that perhaps was once popular, but for some
reason or other has gone out of favour, but perhaps
which deserves attention and bringing before the
horticultural-loving generation of the present dav.
We visited these gardens on July 8, and noted at
the time a few interesting and useful plants. In the

large conservatory is Ruscus androgynus, or, as it is
sometimes called, Semele androgyna ; in large con-
servatories, or winter gardens, when trained round a
pillar, it makes a bold and effective specimen, but
for small houses it is altogether unsuitable, on
account of the length to which it rambles; it is an
evergreen climbing shrub from the Canary Islands.
We noticed another form of this species, which has
a more graceful habit ; it bears cladode upon cladode,
giving it a more light and pleasing appearance. The
flowers are borne on the sides of the cladodes,
and this specimen fruits annually. Erythrina
cristagalli ; there were a couple of these plants in
pots, producing some good branches of flowers,
deserving note. Jasminum revolutum is a yellow
scented flowering species, and one which extends its
floriferousness over a long period ; it is rather a
strong grower. Dyckia rariflora bears conspicuous
spikes of orange-coloured flowers.

Proceeding to the Tropical Conservatory, we
notice Petraea volubilis purpurea. This is a fine
stove-plant, suitable for a trellis ; the flowers are
borne in terminal drooping racemes some 6 inches
in length. Where possible it should have accommo-
dation ; it belongs to the Verbenaceaj family, and is
from Vera Cruz, &c. Quisqualis indica, the Ran-
goon creeper — and a beautiful creeper it is, a mem-
ber of the Combretaceas, and like Combretum itself
wants good heat before much can be done with it.
The flowers are borne on the young wood, and it
should be well pruned back; the flowers are sweetly
scented, and red-coloured. Plumbago zeylanica is a
white flowering species ; the flowers are arranged
in loose spikes, being in point of size rather larger
than P. capensis alba, with foliage almost as large as
P. rosea. Hibiscus rubra plena, and H. rosa sinensis,
were bearing charming flowers of short duration, but
when grown as pot plants are always of a straggling
growth. Zineria :et,hiopica is a very pretty little
stove-plant, with dark maroon scented flowers.
Plumiera acuminata=acutifolia ; the outer portion
of the flower of this plant is of a pink or bluish
tint, the flowers being collected into cymes, and are
scented. Polypodium (Goniophlebium) subpetio-
latum ; the fronds of this are from 3 to 4 feet long,
very free in growth. Its habitat is Guatemala, &c.

Along one side of the corridor —wherein the
spring shows are held — Camellias have been
planted out, which when established will do much to
relieve the bareness of the building.

In the Tropical Orchid-house we noticed a pretty
little Clerodendron, with double sweet-scented
flowers.

The Victoria Regia was in a thriving condition.
This is grown in a raised slate tank, in a wide span-
roof house. It has bloomed this year earlier than it
has done for many years. Just inside the door we
noticed Wrightea zeylanica, a stove shrub with
somewhat slender growth. The plant requires a
good strong heat for its well-being ; the flowers are
white, not large, and slightly scented, and blooms
nine months out of twelve.

In the houses devoted to the growing of medicinal,
economic, and other botanically interesting plants,
we noticed flowering Janibosa vulgaris, which
is now included under the name of Eugenia
Jambosa. The flowers are large and pretty, and
might be compared to a very large Myrtle blos-
som. The Corinthian Grape, that verv important
and highly esteemed fruit, the dried Currant of the
shops, was in good condition, fruiting freely ; this
Mr. Higgins, the foreman of the department, con-
siders due to allowing the rods plenty of room to
run lengthways.

In the herbaceous ground was the pretty little
Erodium Reichardi, a plant which attains some 2 or
3 inches in height ; it grows into small dense tufts,
bearing miniature heart-shaped leaves and white
flowers. For the rock it is a neat plant. It should
have a little protection during the winter, such as
a small piece of glass, or some other convenient
material, placed above it.

The Thalictrum genus reminds me what useful
plants are here. Many of them have foliage more or

less resembling that of the Maidenhair Fern, and
are very useful for mixing and arranging with cut
flowers. I append the names of a half-dozen which
will be found most useful for that purpose: T. exalt-
atum, T. calabricum, T. cornutum, T. sibericum, T.
minus, T. adiantifolia; also Isopyrum thalictroides
and Thalictrum aquilegifolium, are both useful for
cutting flowers and foliage from. X. ,

FINSBURY PARK.

This, the northermost of the Bondon parks, is
situated on the site of the once famous Hornsey
Wood and Wood House, and is easily approached by
the Great Northern Railway. It was formally
opened to the public twenty years ago, on August 8,
1869, and was laid out by Mr. Cochrane, the present
Superintendent, under the direction of Mr. A.
McKenzie, at that time landscape gardener to the
Metropolitan Board of Works.' Tbe special features
of the Park, setting aside the recreation grounds,
pastures, &c, are to be seen in the flower garden and
the ornamental lake adjoining, and of which a repre-
sentation is given in fig. 25, looking south.
The entire extent of the Park is 115 acres, which
is variously divided, the lake, including the central
island, occupying 4 acres ; and since the control of
the Park has been transferred to the Bondon County
Council, pleasure-boats have been introduced oa
to it.

The two prominent trees on that portion of the
island shown in the illustration are yellow-barked
Willows, with Bombardy, Poplar, and Birch trees in
the background, while the bank itself is clothed
with Brambles. On the bank of the lake shown on
the left-hand side of the picture, are Black Italiaa
Poplars and Willows, with, in the distance, a rock-
work covered with various low-growing shrubs and
Ivy, the bank in the immediate foreground being
composed of mixed Furze and Broom, which was
sown fifteen years ago, and has since been cut down
on three occasions as required when dead branches
show, which treatment appears to allow a good
development of new growth, keeping the clump
vigorous and clean. The island is a very pretty
piece of work, and contains Thorns, Sycamores,
Spirieas, Bilacs, Hollies, and other plants, besides
those before named.

The flower garden is of considerable extent, and
contains some sixty well-furnished beds, in which
some 50,000 plants are annually used. Coleus Verschaf-
felti (dark red), with a variety of zonal and tricolor
Pelargoniums, as Mont Blanc, Bady Cullum, Cleo-
patra, John Gibbons, and H. Jacoby, and the
Finsbury Park blue Bobelia, are extensively em-
ployed. The situation of the Park on one of the
" Northern Heights of Bondon " prohibits much
subtropical gardening, but Dracienas, Cannas, and a
few of the most hardy Palms are employed in
sheltered positions.

In a portion known as the Rosery, a varied
herbaceous border is maintained, with beds of Roses
at intervals ; Calceolarias, Biliums, Abutilons,
Alstromerias, &c, are to be seen about here. Some
half-dozen acres are devoted to Rhododendrons in
masses, which make a bold display in their proper
season, and near this portion of the. Park flows the
water of the New River.

There are over 9000 square feet of glass in houses
and frames, where propagation of plants is carried on
for the purpose of furnishing the beds about the
Park, and some of the stock is used for planting in
other gardens under the control of the County Coun-
cil; indeed, about one-half of the quantity grown
is transferred in this manner.

In the Chrysanthemum season, in a temporary
structure specially erected for the purpose, a first-
class display of Chrysanthemums is made, and is
greatly appreciated by the public, but we shall be
glad to learn when a more suitable house has been
erected.

Naturally, on the site of an old wood, ancient trees
are sought for, but there are few specimens now
remaining ; these comprise about a score of Oaks,

August 17, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

185

•with some Elms, Maples, Hornbeams, and Limes,
but these are fast dving out.

The Park is well kept, and the more decorative
portions are in good order, reflecting credit on the
management, and on Mr. Maudlin, who ably directs
the work in the gardens and houses.

INSECT PESTS.

The article upon caterpillars in relation to fruit
growing which appeared in your issue of July 27, has
attracted considerable attention, and as I have been

series of all kinds of insect pests. Our feathered
friends, the natural check to these, have been
diminished not so much by intentional destruction as
by changes in the condition of the country. Hedge-
rows have been levelled, small fields have been
thrown together, waste lands reclaimed, arable land
laid down to grass, and many of the old nesting
places broken up. Martins and swallows formerly
abounded in the suburbs of London and other towns,
but modern styles of building and the use of
Portland cement, the covering of reservoirs of
water, filling in of ponds, the presence of

over the wholesale trapping of robins by itinerant
bird-catchers in the winter, and the destruction of
summer warblers by the half-wild cats which abound,
especially during the early autumn holidays. Some
of the means adopted for the destruction of insect
pests even are injurious, if not fatal to the birds ;
such are hellebore powder, Paris green, &c. Birds
have good memories of what disagrees with them,
and they avoid experiments and dangerous localities.
During the last two winters I have observed a great
diminution of tits, which I attribute partly to the
clinging snow and heavy rime-frost which sometimes

Fig. 25.-

rixsnuHv pake, london : view across the lake, (see p. 184.)

a close observer of nature for many years, I beg
leave to join in a discussion which Mr. George Bun-
yard invites on p. 93. I do not hesitate to assert that
orchards and fruit trees were better cared for 40 or
50 Jyears ago than they have beea in more recent
times. Home-grown fruit was then much prized,
probably because the choice of foreign productions
in the markets and shops was very limited. A suc-
cession of unfavourable seasons, foreign and colonial
competition, and insecurity of leasehold teaure have
combined to discourage farmers and others from
taking much interest in',fruit culture. Prior to the
Apple congress held at Chiswick in October, 1883,
comparatively few young trees had been planted, and
the old ones through] neglect had becomeithe nur-

" mic-mac " deodorised with carbolic acid on the
main thoroughfares in lieu of the old-fashioned
gritty mud with which they built their nests, and
other causes, have lessened their numbers, and
driven them to the river and lake districts. The
other day at Taplow, I watched with delight a colony
of swifts rejoicing in the shelter of a cottage with
open eaves by the river-side. They were so much
at home that the parent birds might have been
caught with a butterfly-net as they issued from or
entered their nests. Willow-wrens, whitethroats,
flycatchers, reed-warblers, and other insectivorous
birds abounded, and I observed that the Apple trees
were full — not of caterpillars but of fruit.

Here in the suburbs of London I have to mourn

for days together coated the branches of many trees,
and prevented the birds from finding their natural
food. Snow is a great protector of insect life, and
frost is not so effectual in checking it as wet weather.
I have found greenfly under curled Holly leaves in
winter and early spring after severe frost uninjured,
and ready for mischief.

Every means should be taken to attract and pro-
tect insectivorous birds. In winter a bit of beef-
suet or a bone from the dinner-table should be
hung among the trees, and in summer water, which
is a great attraction, should be provided for them to
drink and bathe in. I welcome even the sparrows,
which, although very destructive in some districts,
I know, destroy vast quantities of insects during

186

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 17, 1889.

nesting time, and at all seasons of the year catch
and eat moths whenevei they can. A hen and
chickens will eat almost anything that flies or crawls,
but the hen should be cooped, otherwise her scratch-
ing will injure the roots, especially of bush and
pyramid trees. Mr. Bunyard wisely recommends
ducks. Clean culture, and the removal of every-
thing that shelters eggs and chrysalids are to be
recommended. Many of the former may be destroyed
by soot and lime distributed in the autumn and
winter by means of the " Strawsonizer," and the
latter are not likely to survive a coat of quick or
gas-lime applied to the surface of the ground after
the fruit is gathered. The winter moth will have an
uneasy time of it with gas-lime below and cart-grease
nbove. A propos to this, the sticky band should be
placed near the base of the tree, so as to afford as
little courting ground as possible, for although the
females cannot fly, the males can, and some of them
carry their mates to the upper branches, though not
" in their claws." With other varieties the female
often carries the male. I rather dread the applica-
tion of some insecticides in a wholesale manner
over fruit trees in spring and summer. The leaves
and fruit will suffer, whilst some varieties of cater-
pillars will escape, being so cunning as to
defy even hand-picking. The leaf-roller will
dodge even a bird, and the larva; of the Codlin
moth, the worst enemy of all, fastens a leaf to an
Apple, and securely eats its way into it. In the
fruit-room it will leave one Apple to travel to
another. The greatest success will be with the
larvtc of the lackey moth, a great plague, but one
possible to contend with, as their web lets every one
know where they are, and they can be killed in batches.
Much intelligence is needed by the fruit-grower and
his employes. Different soils and situations render it
necessary to alter and vary methods of treatment.
Mr. Bunyard's correspondents differ in their reports.
For instance, one grower states that surface-digging
facilitates the entrance of grubs into the soil and
leads to their preservation through the winter,
and another is equally certain that it does not.
Much depends upon the soil. I know a garden-
orchard of standard trees which never suffers from
insect pests to any serious extent. It is free this
year, and the trees are laden with fine fruit. It is
dug every autumn, and no doubt some caterpillars
bury themselves and turn to chrysalids ; but the soil
is clay, and the frosts and rains level the surface, so
that the moths cannot emerge from the stiff soil. I
think the plague is worst where Currant and Goose-
berry bushes are planted between the standard
trees. The shelter in winter is more complete.
Too much importance cannot be attached to clean
culture, and the destruction by fire of all rubbish.
I would also urge my brother fruit growers to study
the habits of insect pests, and to learn enough of
the different species and varieties to describe them
accurately. Do what we may there will always
be a good deal of mystery attending the spread of
insect as of other plagues. Climatic conditions are
the chief factors in determining the abundauce or
paucity of insect life. One year we have wasps
everywhere and without any apparent reason, scarcely
any the next, and so it is with other insects. There
is no doubt, however, that the number and variety of
our insect foes in recent years is in great measure the
result of past neglect on the part of the much tried
fruit-grower. As in the'ease of weeds the seeds of which
are wafted from neglected ground to the fields of the
careful and industrious, so it is with various moths,
weevils, and other winged pests, against the immi-
gration of which the good cultivator has no security.
This is an unavoidable evil in the suburbs of large
towns, or wherever holdings are small and numerous.
To those who, apart from fruit growing, take an in-
terest in entomology, it is matter for remark how
rapidly various species and varieties of inconspicuous
insects increase and take the place of others which
are not protected by harmony of colour and configura-
tion with surrounding objects. The lackey moth
finds safety from birds by falling to the ground be-
cause it resembles their droppings, and movement

alone betrays it. Others resemble or harmonise with
dead leaves, and escape in proportion to the fidelity
of the likeness. As a rule the most conspicuous
caterpillars are protected from sparrows and other
birds by offensive hairs, which to them probably
appear as large as porcupines' quills to us. In other
cases an offensive odour or flavour renders them un-
palatable even to chickens. But in their perfect
form, when they are protected by the power of flight,
they are eagerly devoured whenever they can be
caught. To the close observer also it is apparent
that certain species of caterpillars are gradually
acquiring the power of subsisting upon food
which forty or fifty years ago they left un-
touched. The common white butterfly may
frequently be seen to deposit its eggs upon the leaves
of the scarlet Pelargonium, and the larva; when
hatched sadly disfigure the plants. It has recently
been proved that the Plum aphis migrates to the
Hop plant and preys upon it at certain seasons, and
there is a potentiality of mischief in the aphides
which disposes me to think that in the future they
will establish themselves upon the Tomato plant and
Grape Vine. They are already attacked by them
when in a weak and drawn condition. These little
creatures have wonderful powers of adapting them-
selves to changed circumstances, and they are much
altered in appearance when transferred from a plant
of one species to another.

It is probable that by the destruction of the mere
sensitive individuals of the race, time after time, by
tobacco smoke, the surviving aphides have become
the progenitors of less delicate offspring, and the
process has gone on, through a series of years, until
the Rose aphis of to-day takes a much stronger dose
to kill it than did its ancestors. It has besides ac-
quired the trick of throwing itself off, or dropping
from the Rose-bush when in the least disturbed, and
climbing up again when danger is past. The tender
little ones which remain on the shoot are alone
killed by the various applications which are used.
Repeated fumigations fail to kill them all, and the
disfigured foliage tells a tale of the strength of the
tobacco-paper or other insecticide which has been
used. I prefer to use Tobacco, pure and simple, but,
for the future, I think we shall have to look in the
direction of the new vapour cones for the complete
destruction of insect pests in our Rose, Orchid, and
orchard-houses. W. B., Strmtham Hill.

Orchid Notes and Gleanings.

— • —

LyELIA CRISPA VAR. DELICATISSIMA

Is now flowering in the Orchid-house at Kew,
having been presented by the late Mr. Day. The
habit is precisely that of the type, and it requires
the same treatment. The plant under notice has
only one flowering spike at present, but as it becomes
more established this will doubtless improve. The
flowers are superior in every respect to the type,
the petals and sepals being of a snowy-white and
gracefully curved ; the lip is of fine form, larger and
more beautifully fringed than in the type. The
markings on the lip are of a rosy-purple, the rostellum
being slightly tinged with the same colour. It is a
charming variety. P. W.

MORMODES LUXATUM, Lilldl.

A fine raceme of this splendid Mormodes has been
sent to Kew by Mr. F. W. Moore, of Glasnevin, for
determination, which differs a little from the forms
hitherto described, in having the segments, including
the lip, with a large number of minute light purple
dots, especially near the base. In other respects it
is about intermediate between the original type (But.
Beg., xxix., t. 33), and the var. eburnea (Gard.
Chron,, 1882, pt. ii., p. 1145, fig. 27), and very near
to the one figured in the Bevue Hurtkvle,. 1889, p.
132, with plate. Perhaps these dots are not really
absent in other forms, though they do not
appear to have been described. It is certainly a
magnificent species, its flowers over 3 inches across,

and sweetly scented. The dislocated appearance of
each flower is very curious, and perhaps looks like
a deformity, though such is not really the case. Both
lip and column are twisted out of their normal
position (opposite to each other), until they meet,
and the lip appears to be perched on the summit
of the column in the quaintest manner possible,
and, what is equally remarkable, on the left side of
the raceme they are always turned to the left, but on
the opposite always to the right. How all this
peculiarity of structure is subservient to the cross-
fertilisation of the flowers, was pointed out by Darwin
in the case of Mormodes ignea, though, as he himself
states, it was not until he had carefully examined
twelve flowers, trying various experiments, and care-
fully recording the results, that he could make out the
meaning and action of the parts. It appears that
the minute hinge by which the anther-case is
attached to the column is alone sensitive, but that
when this is touched by an insect, or when the
weight of the insect causes the labellum to press the
tip of the anther-case, and thus act on the hinge, the
pollen is violently thrown upwards about a couple of
inches, during which it curls up like a hoop, and
then falls just where the insect would be, attaching
itself by the gland. The anther-case comes away
with the pollen, and thus serves to present it
becoming attached to the gland when rolled up. On
drying it gradually unrolls and becomes nearly
straight, when the- anther-case falls away, having
served its purpose. On visiting another flower the
pollen would now come in contact with the stigma.
Several of these points I have myself observed in the
case of another species of the genus. B. A. Bolfc.

SoiiRALIA LEUCOXANTHA.

The plant now flowering at Kew has been grown in
the cool-house, which place seems to suit its constitu-
tion very well, for whereas last year we only had one
or two flowers at a time, this year we have reached
the grand total of six, which when expanded at one
time make a capital display. No difficulty is ex-
perienced in rearing these plants, they require good
care and attention, always keeping them clean. The
flowers are very handsome, the petals and sepals
being white, the points of the latter slightly re-
curved ; the petals are somewhat broader than the
sepals. The outer part of the lip is white, the inner
part is of a rich golden colour tinted with orange,
becoming paler towards the edge. The stems on
which the flowers are produced are about 2 feet
high. P. Jf., Kew.

SpAthoglottis Vieillakdii.

Although so recently brought under the notice of
horticulturists, this Orchid appears to have been
known in a dried state for many years. It was col-
lected in the New Caledonian group of islands as far
back as 1853, and again in the same group by Vieil-
lard in 1877, at which time it was named by Reichen-
bach in honour of the collector. Finally, in 1886, it
was found in the Sunda Islands, and through the
agency of Linden living plants were brought to
Europe, when it was sold as S." Augustorum. The
flowert are chiefly of a pale lilac, the side lobes of
the lip being brownish-red, and the disc yellow.
Considering the size of each flower, the number pro-
duced is remarkable. A plant now in bloom at Kew
opened its first flowers in the beginning of May, and
has borne on one spike alone more than fifty flowers,
each of these being 2 inches in diameter, and as yet,
at the end of three months, shows no sign of ceasing.
The flower bears a strong resemblance to that of
Phalaenopsis Lowii, and about half-a-dozen are open
at one time.

As far as can be ascertained from two years' culti-
vation, this Orchid is easy to grow. It requires to
be potted in open loamy soil, and is happiest in the
warmest house when in growth. W. B.

ROSCCEA PURPUREA.— It will be a matter of
surprise to most people, we imagine, to learn that
this beautiful plant, generally grown as a stove
plant, proves, according to Mr. Nicholson, perfectly
hardy at Kew, the tubers not being injured by being
left in the ground.

August 17, 1889.]

TEE GARDENERS1 CHRONICLE.

187

COLOUR IN PLANTS.

(Continued from p. 160).
Colours associated with Chlorophyll.
These reflections bring us to consider colours as
residing in the vegetative organs themselves. Taking
chlorophyll as the starting point, Professor Stokes
discovered in 1864 that it was a complex substance,
containing at least two green and two yellow sub-
stances. Mr. Sorby corroborated this, and called
the greens blue chlorophyll and yellow chlorophyll.
But the two yellows of Stokes he resolved into four,
which he calls orange-xanthine, xanthine, yellow
xanthine, and lichnoxanthine. Others, as Sachsse,
have increased the number to nine, five greens
-and four yellows. Now these greens and yellows
appear to be essential, but the colouring matters
of the erythrophyll or red and purple group vary
with accidental circumstances ; the reds and purples
of healthy leaves, such as Coleus, Cineraria, &c,
are apparently most nearly allied to similar colours
in flowers. In some Pelargonia, as well as in
coloured bracts, the red colouring matter in the
leaves is identically the same as in the petals. In
both cases they are generally made bluer by alkalis,
and redder by acids. Mr. Sorby found that there
was a number of quite distinct species of erythro-
phyll, some being found only in particular groups of
plants.

In treating of the red or erythrophyll group, Mr.
Sorby found that certain substances exist naturally in
such a state that they are merely decolourised by further
oxidisation, so that the general colour changes from
orange-red to pink. Analogous changes in flowers,
Mr. Sorby would tentatively attribute to varying
degrees of vital energy at different times of the year,
thereby modifying chemical affinities, just as some
Orchids, as soon as they are fertilised, soon show
marked deterioration in colour ; hence, a lowering of
vitality in cloudy and cold weather may be the
primary cause of a deterioration in the tints of
petaline colours.

This oxidisation under light may account for the
fading of certain colours to which Mr. Burbidge
aMaiei^Gard. Chron., 1889). It is not uncommon
as a flower advances in age. Thus, the hybrid Rho-
-dodendron, Maiden's Blush, has pink limbs with a
yellowish tube, and the pink gradually fades with
age. Mr. Sorby remarks upon the fact that not only
is light required for the formation of certain sub-
stances, but may be the actual cause of their subse-
quent destruction. This is true of chlorophyll itself;
and adds — " the red substances formed from chloro-
phyll by the action of light are themselves afterwards
■decomposed by light.'' This shows that for the
various processes concerned in plant colourisation
there is always an optimum point, and too little or
too much light are equally injurious.

Although green chlorophyll, artificially treated,
may, indeed, be resolved into reds, yet Mr. Sorby
found that such products differ from the erythrophyll
in leaves. Nevertheless, he adds — " It appears to
me extremely probable that those often found in
leaves are products formed by the action of light on
chlorophyll under conditions which have not been
reproduced artificially.'' This seems to be especially
the case if the foliage be in a state of low vitality —
e.g., in red patches around spots attacked by fungi
or insects, in red leaves of Mahonia in cold weather,
&c. But this will hardly apply to the coloured
foliage of Coleus, and the purple under-surface of
the leaves of Cineraria cruenta, which are partially
protected from light.

It would seem by observers on Primula sinensis, and
by Naudin on Daturas, that some at least of the colours
in the flowers are correlated with those in the healthy
stem. Thus, Naudin found D. ferox has its stem of
a deep purplish-violet from the root to the cotyledons ;
and he concluded that it was this species which thus,
when pure, contains the colouring principle in a rudi-
mentary condition, which had imparted it in an
exaggerated form to the hybrid raised between it and
D. Uevis. These cases, however, do not appear to
have anything to do with low vitality, such as when

Mahonia turns red. Nevertheless, Mr. Sorby found
that the coloured substances in petals are, in many
cases, exactly the same as those in the foliage from
which chlorophyll has disappeared ; so that the petals
are often exactly like leaves which have turned
yellow or red in autumn, or the very yellow or red
leaves of early spring, but in other cases special
coloured substances are developed which do not
occur in leaves.

From the correspondence in the Gardeners'
Chronicle (February 9 and 23, 1889), Mr. Pope's ex-
perience would seem clearly to establish the fact of
greater vigour being associated with red colouring of
the red-stemmed Primroses, and this is confirmed by
Mr. Burbidge. The latter correspondent adds that
if there be an excess of red, then the constitution is
not improved. This is natural on it priori grounds,
for it would probably mean a deficiency of chloro-
phyll. Now we know that the intensity of the
absorption bands of chlorophyll is correlated with the
execution of vegetative functions such as transpira-
tion and assimilation ; and that the former is always
increased under red and violet rays. I find that the
spectrum when seen through a solution of the purple
colour of Alternanthera, shows only a red band in-
tersected by the chlorophyll absorption band No. I.
This is very broad. Solutions of Coleus and Copper
Beech show the same absorption bands as chloro-
phyll, but intensified, especially at the violet end ; all
this means that much more light is thus absorbed,
which represents so much more energy at the dis-
posal of the plant. Hence one infers that the natural
erythrophylls in healthy leaves are not signs of low
vitality, but rather the reverse. G. Henslow.
(To be continued.)

Nursery Notes

MESSRS. H. CANNELL & SONS.

Begonias. — When visiting the Swanley Nurseries,
Begonias naturally claim the first consideration, and
the large mass of some 9000 plants which were in full
flower in the open on the occasion of a recent visit,
fully sustained the reputation of the strain for dwarf
and compact habit combined with good sized and
variously coloured flowers. The plot in question was
a sheet of colour from plants produced from seed
sown in the early part of this year.

Looking at the plants under glass, we see them, in
all stages of growth, and all appear to be in equally
fine health. One house, 100 feet long, which, by-the
bye, is the length of all the houses in the nursery, was
a wonderful sight, the large and bright flowers being
so numerous as to almost hide the foliage ; this was
a house of single varieties only, and the majority of
them were unnamed seedlings. We noticed one or
two fine whites and several shades of old
gold, others old gild flushed with red-brown
— a very pleasing combination; and among
scarlets and crimsons were several worthy forms,
one of which was specially rich and bright. In the
house devoted to doubles, there were some first-class
novelties with bold flowers, well supported on stout
stems, among which the following may be selected :—
Mrs. F. Jenkins, pale sulphur-yellow, very large and
free ; Rosebud, which was certificated at the recent
Temple Show of the Royal Horticultural Society,
with fine formed Rose-like flowers ; Her Majesty,
pale creamy- white with a delicate rosy suffusion,
very elegant ; A. F. Barron, rich rose, full flower ;
Mr. W. B. Miller, brownish-cream with a rose tint,
very fine , Lady Emily Dyke, rich yellow, and large
size ; Charles Turner, salmon-red, very full, and of
tall habit ; Mrs. Cornwallis West, yellow, with pink
reverse to the petals, globular in form, very fine ;
Mistress French, very pale yellow, with a greenish
centre ; G. Brison, salmony-rose, very distinct and
bright, and free-flowering; Duchess of Fife, a most
attractive novelty of tall growth, bearing, almost
erect, numerous large flowers of very pale rosy-pink,
with the petals not so crowded as in most others, but
of large size, and elegantly twisted, giving a graceful-

ness to the bloom which was very taking. Another
of particular merit was Dazzler, which could hardly
be named otherwise, it being of an intense bright
scarlet, and of good form, not too high in the centre.
Others were as yet unnamed, and among them were
some rich colours and effective combinations, one
like a yellow-ground Picotee, with a red edge, being
quite novel ; and another is a very pure white,
dwarf, and compact, with small dark-coloured
leaves.

Pelargoniums. — Other two houses are full of zonal
Pelargoniums, bearing trusses of great size, and offer-
ing a good opportunity for comparing the various va-
rieties of both double and single forms. It is neither
possible nor advisable to enumerate all the good and
worthy varieties, and we only name those which caught
our attention in looking through the collection.
Among the doubles, Swanley Double White stands out
well for pure colour and dwarf habit, and, moreover,
the truss of useful, moderate dimensions, making this
variety suitable for cutting purposes. Distinct, too,
is Chameleon, rose-carmine, with scarlet flakes in
varying degree in different flowers. Golden Crown
is a rich orange-coloured flower, much resembling
Spade-guinea, but more nearly approaching a true
orange, and has large-sized pips. A large-trussed
variety, of fine quality, with petals of bright car-
mine-scarlet, is to be seen in Le Nanceien. L.
Contable is a floriferous rose-coloured variety, one of
the best of its class, and rejoices in a dwarf habit. La
Belle Nanceienne is one of those pleasing forms with
salmon centre and white margin, the pips are large,
and even in outline ; and, to finish the selection of
doubles, Depute Laflaze, an elegant-growing plant,
with deep crimson flowers, may be named. Let ns
look now at the singles ; and here, again is a difficult
task in selecting those for special note. The very
deeply-coloured Richard Dean is, perhaps, one of the
best, and bears a well-formed large truss ; Red Shirt
is a large-sized scarlet, very bright; and H. Cannell,
jun., is one of the best recent additions to this class
of colour ; others are Lynette, magenta, with white
eye, large size ; C. H. Swinstead, bright scarlet, free
flowering; Queen of Whites, improved form, very
pure in colour, and large pips, with a good truss,
recommended for pot culture ; Lady Hosebery,
salmon-red, with a distinct white eye— very striking;
Air. Keiller, improved form, is a fine delicate rose-
coloured variety; and Lady Chesterfield, a rich dark
salmon, which is very showy. Notice must also be
made of Mrs. Joynson, which has a good salmon tint
on white — very rich, and quite distinct; and of Mrs.
David Saunders, shaded purple-pink flowers, of good
dimensions, which are borne well above the foliage,
the whole habit being somewhat dwarf.

Coleus, §e. — Other subjects under glass worthy of
note were a collection of Coleus, and a group of very
well-grown Cockscombs, of very rich deep colour and
large size. Among the Coleuses, which are largely
grown, were several fine forms worthy of cultivation
for decorative purposes, of which a selection is here
<nven : — Beckwith, green, with a crimson shaded
centre and yellow edge; Arthur Witley, one of the most
distinct and most richly coloured in the collection, is
carmine-crimson, mottled and marbled with varying
shades of the same colour— the leaf is long, and the
general effect very pleasing; La Tute d'Or, with
ovate bullate leaves, much toothed on the edge, colored
somewhat like those of the Copper Beech, with a
shaded yellow colour towards the margin, and the
entire leaf very much curled, is also distinct ; Vesu-
vius is bright carmine, with slight darker mottlings,
and a yellow edge— large leaf; and Lord Rosebery,
<reen, with crimson centre splashed with yellow.
These are but a few, but they must suffice for this
occasion.

Violas, $c. -Out in the open there is a great variety
of subjects to select from, such as Violas and Pansies.
The elegant Countess of Kintore, with its compeer
the Duchess of Sutherland, making a fine display of
shaded lilac-mauve. A sheet of purple is Flower of
Spring.and Eynesford Yellow shows up brightly against
it. The Countess of Hopetown must also be noted
as a first-class white, with a very small yellow eye;

188

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 17, 1889.

near by, too, are several Phloxes, among which the
Queen stands out as an excellent pure white, which
combines the further attraction of dwarfness in
growth ; Charlemagne is a rich magenta, also dwarf.
Joan d'Arc (new) is another white, now mentioned
on account of its very dwarf habit ; and Princess
Ghykze has fine crimson flowers — it is an old variety,
but stands well still.

In one quarter of the nnrsery were one or two
good examples of that giant Verbascum, V. olympi-
cum, which have been in fine flower this season, and
clumps of Chrysanthemum maximum and C. lacustre,
with double Sunflowers, &c, were to be seen in a
wealth of bloom ; while close at hand was a breadth
of the quaint Statice Sowarowi, with its curiously-
twisted spikes of rosy-lilac flowers.

Lobelias in variety, and a number of other useful
bedders, Chrysanthemums, Carnations, &c, and a
quantity of well-grown Lantanas, were also noticed.

In the recently-acquired land in the neigh-
bouring parish of Eynesford, the ground is rapidly
being cleared and laid down to seed-growing, and the
cultivation of the Rose is being very extensively
entered upon, Air. Cannell proposing to supply seed-
ling Briers in quantity.

The Nursery of M. Bled, Paris.

This nursery is in the Avenue dTtalie, not far
from the Jardin des Plantes. It is small, but con-
tains various novelties, especially in Caladiums and
Bertolonias. One of the most interesting is a new
Lycopodium from Brazil, quite distinct from any-
thing we have seen, and called L. mandiocanum.
It is extremely pretty, on account of the apparently
red stems, but it is in reality the bases of the leaves
that are thus coloured. It is of small growth, and
branches freely, forming a shrubby tuft, and is said
to be of easy culture. Bertolonias are a specialty,
and some of the new seedlings are perfectly charm-
ing. One in particular is almost entirely pink, and
another is green with white spots. Among those
that have names B. souvenir de Louis Van Houtte
(1888), Madame Alfred Bleu, and Comte de Ker-
chove, are particularly worthy of note. This is a
well-known establishment for Caladiums, and they
continue to come in fresh variety, as if some kind of
kaleidoscope were used to produce them. Among
the best of the new ones are Madame Alf. Chaber,
pale yellow, very pale red in centre ; Comtesse Fer-
dinand de Lesseps, red, with crimson ribs and green
veins; M. Leon Say, red, with pale spots ; Heine de
Danemark, pale pink, with red veins and green
edges ; Raymond Lemoinier, red, with pale yellow
edges ; Madame Leon Say, and Marguerite Chal-
lenier. Some of these Caladiums and Bertolonias are
so free from green that one wonders about the
functions of growth. A new Begonia from Brazil,
just coming into flower, is remarkable on account of
its ribbed stems, which in section would be some-
thing like a wheel with about six prominent cogs.
A number of hybrid Orchids were pointed out, par-
ticularly the cross between Odontoglossum vexil-
larium and O. Roezli, already figured in the Orchid
Album and elsewhere ; and the new Cypripedium
Elliotianum was just coming into flower. /. R. L.

CYCNOCHES

PENTADACTYLON,

Lindl.

The Swan's-neck Orchids are well-known to be-
long to that curious group which proved such an
inexplicable puz/.le to Dr. Lindley, on account of the
occasional production of more than one kind of
flower on the same individual, and to which the term
" sport " was applied. This is now known to be
simply a case of sexuality, or the production of both
male and female flowers on the same plant, instead
of on separate ones, which seems to be the normal
habit of the genus. A very interesting case occurred
a few years ago, when a plant of C. Warscewiczii,
Rchb. f., produced a raceme of each kind of flower,
in Mr. W. Bull's collection, at Chelsea, and which
was figured at the time in these columns (Gard.

Chron , 1879, part 2, p. 493, fig. 78) ; also in the
Floral Magazine, n.s., t. 381.

I have now another very interesting case to re-
cord. It is that of a plant of C. pentadactylon,
Lindl., producing a raceme of each kind, in the col-
lection of E. Gotto, Esq., The Logs, Hampstead
Heath, a single flower of each having been sent to
Kew, through Messrs. F. Sander & Co., for determi-
nation. These two flowers are here represented
(fig. 26, a and b), from the pencil of Mr.
Weathers, and will convey a better idea of the
differences between them than the longest of de-
scriptions. As in all the species, the lip is markedly
different in the two sexes, also the column, and the
shape and marking of the sepals and petals. The

Flfi. 26.— CYCNOCHES PEXTADACTYLON : A, MALE;
E, FEMALE. (SEE TEXT.)

ovary in the female is stout, strongly channelled, and
in fact, quite normally developed; but in the male it
is atrophied and reduced to a slender pedicel. Un-
fortunately it is not represented in the drawing, but
it bears the same proportion to that of the female as
does the column of the two sexes to each other. The
pollen, too, is absent, having fallen off before it
reached its destination. The female flower has
hitherto remained unknown, and Mr. Gotto and his
gardener are to be congratulated on their success.
The male was described in 1843 (Bot. Reg., xxix.,
Misc., p. 18).

In March, 1842, a raceme was sent to Dr. Lindley
by Messrs. Veitch, of Exeter, and shortly afterwards
a plant came direct from Brazil, through Messrs.
Loddiges. Lindley (comparing it with C. macu-
latum) remarked, "It has a short raceme of much

larger greenish-yellow flowers, with broad chocolate-
brown blotches, and its lip is quite remarkable,
having five finger-like lobes, and no more, instead of
the lateral comb-like fringes of C. maculatum." In
the volume of the Botanical Register cited above,
it is figured, at t. 22, as the " Five-fingered Swan's-
neck Orchid." The female is very similar in colour,
of a pleasing greenish-yellow shade, but the mark-
ings are far less numerous, and largely concentrated
near the base of the segments, as the drawing
will show.

Apart from the great interest attached to it from
a botanical point of view, I should call it a decidedly
handsome garden plant, and it is very satisfactory
to find that this curious genus is coming into favour
once more. Perhaps in time we may find out the
sexual forms of each species, for at present the
genus is in about as much confusion as Catasetum,
which I have tried to clear up in a paper read
before the Linnean Society.

The first evidence of so-called sporting in the
genus was puzzling in the extreme. When Mr.
Skinner was travelling in Guatemala, he discovered
what was thought to be a new species of Cycnoches,
which was called by Lindley C. Egertonianuqi. A
batch of plants was sent home, but on flowering all
proved to be the old C. ventricosum, Lindl. The
circumstance was pointed out to Mr. Skinner ; I do
not know how strong language was used, but in any
case a second lot was sent, and these were warranted
genuine. On flowering, however, they proved as
before, C. ventricosum. The case now seemed inex-
plicable, and as Mr. Skinner was coming home, he
determined to take some plants under his own care,
and so prevent all possibility of mistake. On the
journey home a raceme began to push, and when
the flowers expanded, there appeared once more the
old C. ventricosum. A second raceme had been
observed on the opposite side of the same pseudobulb,
the flowers of which expanded before the others had
quite withered, when, lo! they proved to be the
genuine C. Egertonianum. No explanation, how-
ever, of the curious circumstance was forthcoming.
It was simply regarded as an inexplicable fact.
Lindley, in 1846 (Bot. Reg., t. 46), figured what he
called a form of C. Egertonianum, with flowers green
instead of purple, adding that " Egertonianum is
only a sport of ventricosum. But what, again, is
C. ventricosum ? Who knows that it is not another
sport of C. Loddigesii, whicli has indeed been caught
in the very act of showing a false countenance, some-
thing wonderfully suspicious, all things considered,
and justifying the idea that it is itself a mere Janus,
whose face is green and short on one side, and
spotted and long on the other." Then if such
apparently honest species as C. Egertonianum, ven-
tricosum, and Loddigesii, are but counterfeits, what
warrant have we for regarding the other so-called
species as not being further examples of plants in
masquerade ? For ourselves we cannot answer the
question ; nor should we be astonished at finding
some day a Cycnoches no longer a Cycnoches, but
something else; perhaps a Catasetum.

If one could accept the doctrine of the author of
the Vestiges, it might be said that in this place we
have found plants actually undergoing the changes
which he assumes to be in progress throughout
Nature, and that they are thus subject to the most
startling conditions because these new forms have
not yet acquired stability. In another place he
remarks : — " If we were informed that the camelopard
in the Zoological Gardens had shortened the vertebra
of its neck till it was no longer than a cow's, or that
a kangaroo had exchanged its tail for the switch of
a Shetland pony, a more surprising thing would not
be announced than those changes with which we are
now familiar in this group of Orchidacea:. " At the
present day, when the cause of these differences is
better known, these speculations are somewhat
amusing.

Returning for a moment to C. pentadactylon, we
find a note by Lindley (Paxt. Fi. Gard., iii., p. 6),
that " in the garden of Mr. Kenrick, of West
Bromwich, this produced two flowers of Egertonia-

August 17, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

189

nam, among the usual flowers peculiar to itself."
One cannot help suspecting some error of observa-
tion here, especially as both sexual forms are now-
known. B. A. Bolfe. •

Trees and Shrubs.

RUBUS ODORATUS.
Tins North American, fragrant, purple-flowered
Raspberry has been extra fine this year. It began
flowering towards the end of May, and is still in con-
dition. The flat red fruits of the first-opened flowers
now contrast finely with the large purplish-rose
petals of later flowers. In general appearance R.
odoratus much resembles the common Raspberry,
R. Idxus, but has a more massive habit ; the canes
themselves are not so stout, perhaps, as in some
forms of the Raspberry, nor are they prickly, but are
thickly set with short reddish gland-tipped hairs, as
also are the petioles of the large generally five-
lobed leaves. At a short distance this gives the
plant the appearance of having reddish stems. The
flowers, however, are very different from R. Idams.
Instead of the small inconspicuous greenish-white
flowered branchlets produced along the stems of the
Raspberry, R. odoratus concentrates its flowering
more towards the ends of the stems, producing many-
flowered cymes, the individual flowers of which are of
a nicely rounded form, and usually, if the plant is in
fair vigour, about 2 inches across. Like other Rasp-
berries, this plant likes a well-drained, somewhat
moist, rich soil, and is seen to best advantage when
grown in little colonies towards the margin of shrub-
beries; and where there is a semi-wild garden this
is an excellent subject to plant, its straggling habit
being rather against it for mixing amongst trim-
kept shrubs ; but we have seen it used with good
effect planted where there were rounded promontories
in the outline of the shrubbery. This is a subject
that might with advantage be more frequently used
to brighten up the dark masses of shrubbery which
prevail in many of our public parks. It increases
rapidly by suckers in the usual way, and in favour-
able seasons it fruits, and may be easily increased
from seeds. Although the plant has been known
for a long period of time, it is surprising how seldom
one meets with a good colony of it. F. E.

LeyCESTERIA FORMOSA.

The other day I noticed in the gardens of W.
Gardiner, Esq., Rocksliaw, Merstham, a good plant
of this fine shrub. It was planted at the end of a
foot-bridge which spans a little ravine, where it had
evidently found a congenial home. It had thrown
up a number of its sucker-like shoots, which were
flowering very freely, and which hung in a charm-
ingly graceful manner over the edge of the ravine.
The soil in which it was growing is not of a very
inviting character, being stiff adhesive clay, which
curiously enough rests on a white sandstone — that
which is dug and used by housewives for whitening
the hearthstones. However, it was particularly
happy, and was thickly covered with its curious
racemes of flowers, which terminate the shoots and
branchlets. The large purplish leaf-bracts which
surround the whorls of flowers are perhaps quite as
showy as the small whitish-purple flowers ; but I
think the plant looks best when the flowers have
given way to the small berried fruits, and while the
bracts are still fresh ; indeed, the fruits of many of
the Caprifoliacese, to which order this monotypic
genus belongs, are often the showiest part of the
plant, or at all events give additional interest after
the flowers are gone. Although introduced to gar-
dens many years ago, it is not often met with. It is
• easily propagated by seeds or cuttings, in the same
way as most deciduous hardy shrubs. F. S.

Plants and Their Culture.

any forcing, but can be removed to the frames and
house as wanted. A few of the earliest varieties of
the Van Thol section of Tulips should be potted
now for use during the early winter months, and
Freesias, which deserve to be grown more than they
are at present, may be seen to. Put them into a
frame with a temperature of about 55°, having eight
bulbs in a 48-pot, using a mixture of good turfy
loam, leaf-mould, and well-decomposed manure, with
a liberal addition of coarse sand, and covering the
whole with fibre. Pot them up at three or four different
times through the autumn, to form a succession. I
find it a good plan to leave the previous year's bulbs
in the pots without disturbing them ; they are then
plunged into ashes in the open after having been
ripened off, and they flower profusely when started
into growth the following season. Get in a few pots
of the early African Tuberose and others at intervals
for succession, potting firmly in a compost of good
yellow fibrous loam, and withholding water till after
the foliage appears. The temperature of a moist
stove or intermediate house will suit them during the
winter months ; but bulbs for summer flowering will
do well in an ordinary greenhouse. The early bulbs
grow more freely if the pots are plunged in a tem-
perature of 55° to 60°, and as the growth of the
foliage increases give weak liquid manure. Schi-
zostylis coccinea will also be found useful if potted
up shortly, and a few pots of Galanthus should also
be prepared. The stock of Lachenalias should be
examined, and the early started bulbs, which will be
in growth, shaken out of the old compost, repotted
in a mixture of good loam, peat, and decomposed
manure with an addition of a little coarse silver sand,
placed in a cold frame, and watered sparingly till
they are in active growth. Another lot of bulbs
should be potted on in a month's time, and the last
lot a little later still. Other bulbs which have been
at rest will soon commence to grow, and those which
it is intended to shift should be attended to before
the new roots make any progress. Those which
have got into a sour state from bad drainage should
be placed in smaller-sized pots. Watsonias, Antho-
lyzas, and other large growing bulbs require a larger
pot space than the smaller bulbs, such as Ixias and
Sparaxis ; these latter will soon commence to grow,
and should be shaken out of the old compost, repotted
in the compost advised for other Cape bulbs, and placed
in a cold frame to protect them from heavy rains ;
and as growth increases, the plants should be placed
in a light airy position in the greenhouse near the
glass to prevent the foliage from getting drawn. The
application of a good fertiliser as the plants make
their growth will be beneficial. When repotting
these bulbs, they should be sorted out into sizes, and
the large and small potted up separately. G. Wythes,
Syon House, Brentford.

Greenhouse Bulbs.— The stock of bulbs for early
flowering should have been got in, and some Roman
Hyacinths and paper-white Narcissus may be potted
up at once. Place them in ashes with a slight
covering of cocoa-fibre, and they will not require

The Hardy Fruit Garden.

Although the proper time for planting fruit trees
generally will not arrive for at least eight or ten
weeks from now, it is none too early, where planting
is to be extensively carried out, to commence the
preparations of the soil, so as to have all in readi-
ness. In the formation of new plantations the
most important consideration is in the selection of
a suitable site. This should be on a gentle rise
towards the north, and well-sheltered from the
north-east and north-west winds. To ensure any-
thing like reasonable success, the ground should be
well drained if required, thoroughly tilled, cleaned
of couch-weeds, &c, and broken up to the depth of
2 feet. When ground is naturally good, very little
is required in the way of preparation. Where heavy
soils have to be dealt with, too much cannot be said
in favour of road-scrapings, &c. This, if liberally
applied, is of immense benefit to newly planted
trees. When breaking up the soil, it is not necessary
to bring the bottom to the top. Work into poor
soils a plentiful supply of well rotted manure.

Wasps. — I do not remember ever having been so
plagued by these. Plums, Cherries, and Gooseberries
have been attacked before they were half ripe in such
numbers as to almost completely strip the trees and

bushes in a comparatively short space of time. The
old system of hanging about the trees bottles three-
parts filled with sweet liquids has, so far, had but
trifling effect, and I almost believe serves to attract
rather than trap them. The best trap is that
made of handlights placed one on the top of the other.
The bottom being rested on bricks a few inches from
the ground, in the top of this a couple of holes
are made for the wasps to pass through into
the upper light. Pieces of Pears or Apples should
be placed under the bottom one as a bait. But
while attending to these traps, do not neglect to
destroy the nest if it be found. H. Markham, Mere-
worth Castle.

The Kitchen Garden.

Endive. — A large breadth of this may now be
planted out on warm sheltered borders from succes-
sional sowings, thinning the curled varieties to a
distance of 12 to 15 inches from plant to plant ; in
the case of the most curled, 9 inches will be sufficient.
The plants left in the seed-rows will be ready for
use before those which have been transplanted.
Plants put out now will form the bulk of the winter
supply, and should be so arranged that protectors or
frames may be placed over them. More advanced
crops of Endive will now be ready for blanching,
which can be done by placing slates on the top of
the plants, or by gathering all the leaves in and tying
them up at the point. Tie up other lots at weekly
intervals, so as to secure a succession, always seeing
that the plants, are perfectly dry. Seed should now
be sown for the late spring supply, and this may
either be done in the open on a sheltered spot or in
a cold frame, the plants being thinned-out to allow
free circulation of air. Broad-leaved Batavian,
Erazer's Improved, and Digswell's Prize are the best
varieties for this purpose, as they are not so sus-
ceptible of injury from cold as are the curled varieties.

Lettuce. — A large quantity of Cabbage and Cos
varieties should be planted on sheltered borders, to
meet the winter's demand ; more seed should also be
sown, and the young plants thinned out, to allow of
free play of air ; and the thinnings may be pricked
out along the foot of the wall. Hardy Hammer-
smith Brown or Bath Cos is an excellent sweet,
tender kind in spring ; Brown Dutch is a good old
hardy variety ; those, with All the Year Rouud and
Hick's Hardy, will meet requirements.

Tomatos on the open walls will require frequent
attention, removing all lateral growths, leaves which
shade the fruit, and all flower-spikes. When the
fruit shows signs of colouring, it may be cut with
the stalk attached, and hung up in a dry room to
mature.

Potatos. — All the early crops should now be taken
from the ground. The second earlies should be lifted
and stored as the tops decay, the sets for next year
spread out thinly on shelves in a dry airy shed, where
they can get thoroughly matured, after which they
may be stored in a frost-proof place, or put in the
clamps till required. W. M. Baillie, Luton Hoo
Gardens, Luton.

Coreopsis Lanceolata. — The annual
Coreopsis are well known and greatly admired for
their large and very showy flowers ; but C. lanceo-
lata is more desirable than they, as it is a peren-
nial, and lasts much longer in bloom. I first made
its acquaintance at Mr. Thomson's, of Ipswich,
who has introduced so many good things, and who
had this in his grounds, where it was flowering
with much freedom. As the season is favourable
no doubt it will seed freely, and if so plants may
soon be raised and distributed, and if not, like most
other herbaceous things, it admits of ready increase
by division, and a stock may soon be worked up in
that way. J. Sheppard.

ITALIAN VINES. — These seem, from our corre-
spondence, to be in a bad way indeed. Some are
affected with the American mildew (Peronospora
viticola), others with Oidium, others again with a
moth allied to the Ermine moth, which spins webs
amongst the berries, and ruins their appearance ; to
say nothing of Phylloxera, which has now extended
itself over the greater part of Italy, in spite of the
Phylloxera regulations, whose futility we urged upon
the Italian Government several years ago. The
Vine production of Elba, where a wine like port wine
was yielded, has been almost entirely annihilated.

190

THE GA B BE NEB S' CHB ONI CLE.

[August 17, 1889.

NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS.

Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should
be made payable at the Post Office,
No. 42, DRURY LANE.

GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OFFICE TELEGRAMS.

NOTICE to Correspondents, Advertisers, Sub-
scribers and others. The Registered Address
for Foreign and Inland Telegrams is

" GARDCHRON, LONDON."

Now ready, in cloth, lis. 6d.

J 'HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
Vol. V., Third Series, JAN. to JUNE, 1889.
W. RICHARDS. 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C.

APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.

SHOWS.

TUESDAY,
WEDNESDAY,

.20

( Basingstoke.

Arc,

Aug. 21 — Shrewsbury (two days

} Calne (Wilts).

THURSDAY, Au

MONDAY,

WEDNESDAY,

THURSDAY,

FRIDAY,
SATURDAY,

AUG

Aug.

Aug

Aug
Aug.

1 Royal Horticultural of Ireland.
.22-' Royal Horticultural of Aberdeen
( (three days).

SALES.

,(, (Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroc & Mor-
' { ris' Rooms (Trade).

21— Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms.

„., ( Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe& Morrw
" ) Rooms (Trade).

03 S Imported and Established Orchids,
} at Protheroe & Morris' Rooms.

24— Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms.

CORRECTED AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR THE ENSU-
ING WEEK, DEDUCED FROM THE OBSERVATIONS
OF FORTY-THREE YEARS, AT CHISWICK— 61°.5.

The Chiswick Although information relating

Vegetable Con- to the Coming Vegetable Con-
ference, ference to be held at Chiswick
has been for some time before the commu-
nity, through the ordinary annual pro-
gramme of the Eoyal Horticultural .Society,
yet there seems to have been largely existent
considerable doubt as to its real purport
and objects, as well as some ignorance as to the
Conference altogether. We can now refer our
readers, and especially gardeners and others
particularly interested in vegetable culture, to
an advertisement which appears in another
column, and still further to the revised schedule
of the Conference, which the Council has at
length, though much too tardily, issued. However,
better late than never, and we trust in this case
not only will the schedule not be too late, but that
it will also serve in a very wide degree to arouse
interest in the Conference, and lead many to
determine not only to attend it, but also to take,
through exhibiting, or in some other way, a
practical part in the proceedings. Happily, the
Conference falls at a time when there is a lull in
exhibitions of the ordinary competitive type.
Those of the autumn will be over, those of the
early winter will still be remote. Happily,
further, the end of September will find many
gardeners less busy than usual, and therefore
these things should work in favour of a large
attendance at the Conference.

I'.ut so far as products are concerned, whilst
there can be no doubt that generally the
season has been very favourable to the produc-
tion of excellent vegetables, there is yet further
the fact — and it is one in this case of espe-
cial interest— that the time of the year admits

of representatives of all the leading winter
and main crop vegetables being exhibited.
Earlier in the year we could have hoped to have
represented only those more fleeting summer
vegetables which are so acceptable in their sea-
son, but which do not become store or permanent
crops in the same way that Potatos, Onions, Bras-
sicas, Turnips, ( 'elery, &c, do, therefore there is
exceptional reason to be grateful that the Con-
ference has been fixed at the end of September,
as it satisfies so many requirements. " A perusal
of the revised schedule will reveal the fact that all
the invited products are classified under proper
heads, such as green vegetables, fruits and pulse,
tubers and bulbs, taproots, saladings, &c. In
this way there will be found room for method, so
that products of a very diverse nature may be not
mixed up in the higgledy-piggledy fashion too
often seen at vegetable exhibitions.

One of the special objects of the Conference is
to enable selections of the best character and
types to be made, and that can only be accom-
plished by the committees of selection, adopting
some convenient form of classification. The
committees, it is understood, are each to consist of
three experts, and are so arranged that, whilst one
may be a member of the seed trade, two at least
are to be private or market gardeners. It need
hardly be said that nothing is so little desired by
the Council of the Royal Horticultural Society,
or the committee entrusted with the arrange-
ments of the Conference, as that any undue trade
objects should be served, or any that all the trade
may not equally participate in. To deal with
the exhibits in selecting types and characters,
and in awarding certificates of merit to subjects
of special cultural merit, it is really desired
that all purely trade considerations may be kept
out of sight.

Assuming, as we most heartily do, that
now that such wide publicity to the Confer-
ence has been given, a large body of gar-
deners and others will send vegetables to
Chiswick, we would point out that whilst the
committees of selection must of necessity be
limited in number, yet every intending exhi-
bitor may become an expert for himself,
by selecting at home not only his very best
products, but in setting up a high standard of
excellence in relation to them. We want to
see nothing simply big, because mere size never
was an evidence of quality, although it may
happen that sometimes, though rarely, size and
quality may be found conjointly. No type is
best evidenced in size, rather the most suitable
character is found in medium dimensions,
including good form, cleanness, and fresh-
ness. Letter that the exhibits be found thin in
quantity than crowded through inordinate size
and coarseness. We hope that the Conference
will demonstrate to the public, which will it is
hoped Hock in numbers to Chiswick, that
vegetables have elements of quality and of
beauty, little understood by the people, and that
in pretention, kitchen garden and field products
may make up a display, such as may warrant thead-
jectives of surprising and beautiful. It will be well
to call attention to the necessity for very legible
and correct naming of all exhibits, and it would
also materially help the committees were each
exhibitor to append all names under which each
variety has been known to him, assuming that it
has come to him through several sources. A
proviso, it will be seen, has been inserted in the
schedule to the effect that " in determining
names, priority of origin or introduction will
be followed as far as practicable." That is evi-
dence of good faith on the part of the com-
mittee, and exhibitors may of themselves

materially assist in the elucidation of what may
sometimes prove to be a chronological difficult v
by adding dates to their nomenclature. The case
illustrates how necessary it is that we should
have a recognised register of dates and names in
relation to new or assumed new products, which
might thus become an authority admitting of no
question. Perhaps if it went so far as to refuse
recognition of name to all non-registered novel-
ties or products, it would hardly be going too far
in the interests of vegetable cultivators and of
the seed trade.

Novelties will, we hope, be duly represented,
for it is much to be regretted that our choice in
the matter of vegetables is so limited, when there
is so vast a mass of untried plants suitable for
experiment and trial. The commercial element
is also one that will, we trust, not be left out of
sight, for there can be no doubt that at least a
partial remedy for the depression in agriculture
may be found ill the extension and development
of vegetable culture, particularly as regards
forced products and the growth of really superior
samples coming into use at a propitious moment.

We note with satisfaction that full recogni-
tion of the fact that the Conference must
depend for its success upon the support of the
gardeners of the United Kingdom, has been
afforded by the Council of the Royal Horticul-
tural Society and the Conference Committee. As
evidence of that, we point to the cordial accept-
ance given to the proposal to hold in London
during the Conference — the evening of the first
day being, in fact, selected — a gardeners social
gathering, over which the popular chairman of the-
C'onference, Mr. II. J. Veitch, will very fitly pre-
side. It has been already determined that the
Cannon Street Hotel shall be the place of meeting;
that a dinner, the inevitable festival of English-
men, will form the chief element in the gathering;,
and that, in conjunction with it, every effort will
be made to offer to gardeners from all parts of
the kingdom a hearty personal as well as
collective welcome. As the room area is neces-
sarily limited, it is hoped that preference will be-
shown to applications for tickets from gardeners ;
but, as seems to be probable, the desire to attend
what will prove to be an unique gathering,
requests for tickets should be made at the earliest
possible date, to save from disappointment. Not
only is it purposed to make the gathering
bright and pleasant, but Mr. Veitch, with some
other well known horticultural leaders, will
personally welcome everyone attending at a
reception, so that to partake in that pleasing
preliminary, each person should make it a point
of attending half-an-hour before the dinner
begins. With very considerable confidence do
we look to the gardeners to help make the coming
Conference a great success.

TOMATOS UNDER GLASS.— As the cultivation
of Tomatos under glass is now receiving a large share
of attention, the accompanying illustration ( fig. 27, on
p. 191) will doubtless prove of interest to our readers.
The crop is a heavy one, and at the time the photo-
graph was taken " some of the plants were bearing as
many as seventy-five fully developed fruits, weighing
from a quarter to three-quarters of a pound each," says
Mr. James Weight, of Granby Street, Leicester, in
whose nursery the house is to be seen. Mr. Wright
continues : — " The house shown is a new one, erected
last autumn, and measures 40x12 feet, and about
5 feet to the ridge above the ground-level. It is heated
by flow-and-return 4-inch pipes running round it,
and the walk is sunk 2 feet. The Tomato shown is
Wright's Selected lied, and the plants were potted
early into 8-inch pots, and stood close to the pipes
on the natural earth, which is of a light sandy

August 17, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

191

nature, and they have no doubt rooted through into
it. No special cultivation, beyond the application of
a little liquid manure, has been practised. The fruit
is very fine, handsome, and smooth, of a rich colour
the flavour."

Orchid Nomenclature.— In pursuance of the

resolutions passed at a recent meeting, the Council
of the Roval Horticultural Society at their meeting
on Tuesday last, decided to request the following
gentlemen to form a committee, for the purpose of

nomenclature of Urchids, although in all probability
any rules that may be laid down as applicable to
Orchids will be found to apply to all other plants.
Dr. Masters was requested to act as Hon. Secretary
to the Committee. In compliance with this official
edict, we may say that the Committee will be
summoned after the long vacation, when probably
a rough scheme will be presented as a basis for dis-
cussion. In the meantime, the Hon. Secretary to
the Committee would be thankful to receive sugges-
tions on the subject from Orchid growers and others,

a charge for admission will be made on behalf of the-
fund.

A special meeting of the committee took place at
the Caledonian Hotel on the 12th inst., Mr. George
Deal in the chair. The Hon. Secretary brought up-
the Dinner accounts, which were of a highly satisfac-
tory character, and announced that the sum of
£111 8s. Gd. had been subscribed in response to Mr.
Veitch's challenge, thrown out at the annual dinner,
and a letter was read from Messrs. J. Veitch &
Sons, enclosing a cheque for £100. It was unani-

Fig. 27. — a tomato house, (see p. 190.)

luHllllilll

drawing up rules which they consider should be
followed in the naming of Orchids [for garden pur-
poses understood] : — Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart.,
M.P., President of the Royal Horticultural Society ;
Messrs. H. J. Veitch, F. Sander, H. Williams, J.
O'Brien, N. Cookson, W. J. Thompson, and F. W. Bur-
bidge. The Director of the Royal Gardens, Kew, and
the Keeper of the Botanical Department of the British
Museum, are to be requested to nominate each one
member to act on the Committee. The Council is
of opinion that, considering the circumstances under
which this matter has arisen, it would be better, in
the first instance, to confine the consideration to the

to be addressed to him at the Royal Horticultural
Society, 117, Victoria Street.

Gardeners' Orphan Fund. — Mr. W. H.
Divees, of Ketton Hall Gardens, Stamford, informs
us that £2 12s. \d. will accrue to the fund as the
profits from the opening of those gardens, by Mrs.
Hopwood's permission, on Bank Holiday, August 5,
which is very satisfactory, when it is remembered
that the day was a wet one. We have before us a
notice that the Hon. Emma L. Shaw-Lefevre will
kindly allow the gardens of Heckfield Place, Winch-
field, to be opened on the 24th and 26th inst., when

mously resolved that, in consequence of the sum
having been raised, R.J. Todd and Olive Chapelow,
the two highest on the poll of the unsuccessful can-
didates of the recent election, be placed at once upon
the Fund. Mr. Assbee brought up the names of the
forty standholders who have been selected from
among that body as life voters under section 6 of
rule xii., and the same were ordered to be added to
the list.

The Vegetable Conference at Chiswick

—At a meeting of the committee, held on Tuesday
last in the Council-room of the Royal Horticultural

192

THE GARDENERS" CHRONICLE.

[August 17, 1889.

Society, Mr. H. J. Veitch in the chair, the revised
schedule was presented, and will be forthwith distri-
buted. The only alteration from the schedule issued
in January is in classification, the vegetables to be
represented being the same as originally announced.
Mr. Shirley Hibbekd was appointed Deputy Chair-
man of the committee, in view of Mr. Veitch's
absence during the next few weeks, and a Sub-com-
mittee was nominated, consisting of Messrs. A. Dean,
H. Herbst, J. Hudson, J. Wright, G. Wythes, with
tbe Deputy-Chairman and Secretary, Mr. A. F.
Barron, to make the necessary arrangements for
adjudication and other matters ; also for the dinner
of gardeners, nurserymen, and friends, to be held
at the Cannon Street Hotel on the first evening of the
Conference, Tuesday, September 24. As the price
is to be 5s., a large gathering may be expected, and
it is thought the date may be convenient for several
country gardeners and provincial seedsmen making
arrangements for visiting London on the occasion.
With the cordial co-operation of growers of vege-
tables, a large, diversified, and enjoyable gathering
may be expected. The Conference will then be
what its promoters hope — a great success.

" Botanical Magazine."— The plants figured

in the August number are —

Stapelia gigantea, t. 7068, the huge Stapelia figured
in these columns in 1888, p. 728, f. 101.

Catasetum Gamtttianum, t. 7069 ; a species re-
sembling Myanthus barbatus, with linear green seg-
ments with broad red bars. See Gard. Chron., 1888,
vol. ii., p. 622.

Grevillca taplemfolim, t. 7070; a well-known green-
house species, with linear coarsely toothed leaves,
and one-sided spikes of pink flowers.

Berhcris anguhisa, t. 7071 ; a handsome Himalayan
species, with tufts of simple obovate leaves, trifid,
spiny, and axillary yellow flowers, succeeded by
oblong red berries.

Anoiyanthus breviflorus, t. 7072 ; the yellow-flowered
Amaryllid recently figured at p. 557, May 4, 1889.

CATS I — A beautifully illustrated and pleasantly
written work on cats, and their several varieties and
peculiarities, will shortly be issued. We have been
favoured by the artist-author, Mr. Harrison Weie,
with a sight of an early proof copy, which enables
us to say that the work is sure to find favour, not
only with cat-lovers, but with admirers of art and
literature.

"KEW BULLETIN." — The August number is
entirely taken up with an account of the fluted scale
insect (Icerya Purchasi), which is a most destructive
pest in South Africa, New Zealand, California, and
elsewhere, attacking Orange trees, Apples, and,
indeed, " all sorts of plants." " This insect has made
profitable orange-growing on the Pacific coast more
difficult, and more of a science; but by making it
impossible at the same time for the shiftless to suc-
ceed in their business, it will come to be looked on
as a not unmixed evil."

THE Jardin DES PLANTES — Professor Cornu,
the Director, has issued a list of plants cultivated in
that garden, and available for exchange. It is rich
in interesting species. Applications should be made
to 27, Rue Cuvier, Paris, before September 1.

"Journal of the Royal Horticultural
Society." — A new part has just been issued, good
in itself and notable as holding out the hope that
the publication of the Journal, will be more regular
in future than it has been in the past. A large body
of the Fellows, resident in the country, cannot avail
themselves of the meetings, the Chiswick Garden, the
library, and other privileges open to metropolitan
members. To such persons the regular publication
of the Journal would be a boon , and serve to keep them
informed as to what is being done at head-quarters.
Guinea Fellows, moreover, seem not fully to realise
what privileges are open to them at Chiswick, or their
numbers would be largely increased. The present
part contains matter of very high average merit

and importance, comprising, as it does, Mr. Baker's
paper, on " Saxifrages," followed by that of Mr.
George Paul and Mr. Ret/the on their culture.
Hyacinths are treated of by Messrs. Baaenart,
Kersten, and Douglas ; Narcissi, by Messrs. Bun-
iiidge, Engleheaet, and Tait ; the Auricula, by Rev.
F. D. Horner ; and last, not least, is the very sug-
gestive and interesting paper of Mr. Veitch on
" Orchids, Past and Present."

NEW Race of GLADIOLI.— The specimens ex-
hibited on Tuesday last by Messrs. Veitch of the new
Gladioli raised by M. Lemoine, of Nancy, and of
which Mr. Gumiileton has expressed his opinion at
p. 154, attracted much attention. They form one
more illustration of the excellent results to be
obtained from judicious experimenting and breaking
new ground, rather than perpetually harping on one
string. We shall have other opportunities of alluding
to these novelties.

Bolton and District Horticultural Mu-
tual Improvement Society.— The members of
this Association held their second annual outing
on Wednesday, the 7th inst., visiting the nurseries
of Messrs. Dicksons, Limited, and the residence and
gardens of His Grace the Duke of Westminster, at
Katon Hall, spending a most enjoyable day.

Royal Botanic Society.— The fiftieth anni-
versary of this Society was held in the gardens on
Saturday, August 10, Mr. John Birkett in the
chair. The reports of the Council and Committee
of Auditors for the year were read. From these it
appears that though the competition of the present
is more severe than at any previous time in its his-
tory, the year has been a very successful one. The
accounts submitted show a gratifying increase in
every branch of revenue over the last and for several
previous years. The number of Fellows elected —
viz., 109 — is above the average, and the receipts
from the various exhibitions amount to £4,022 6s.,
making, with subscriptions, &c, a sum total of
£7,378 13s. "id., or an excess over last year of above
£2.000. In the more scientific work of the Society
the same improvement is seen : 744 students have
received free admissions of from one to three months
each, and 42,000 specimens of plants and flowers cut
for study and examinations by the various colleges,
hospitals, and medical schools in London. The col-
lections of medicinal, economic, and interesting
plants have been largely increased, and their useful-
ness added to by more favourable disposition and
greater space being granted them. His Highness
the Duke of Teck, and Mr. H. L. Antrobus, were
re-elected president and treasurer, and the meeting
closed with unanimous thanks to the President,
Council, Secretary, and executive officers.

Manchester Flower Show.— Under the
auspices of the National Carnation and Picotee
Society (N.S.), the annual exhibition was held at the
Royal Botanical Gardens, Old Trafford, on Saturday,
the 10th inst., when, although the weather was un-
favourable, the attendance was good. The exhi-
bitors were numerous, and represented a wide area,
and the show was excellent, especially in Picotees.
There was also a display of Gooseberries, for which
the Carnation Society offered prizes. Some of the
berries were of enormous size, one weighing 24 penny-
weights 14 grains. The principal prize-winners
were Mr. J. Harvey, of Stone, and Mr. J. Threl-
fall. Not the least attractive part of the exhibition
was a beautiful collection of Begonias, including
some fine double varieties, from the nurseries of
Ryder & Son, Sale, to whom the Council of the
Botanical Society awarded a gold medal.

Chevalier du Merite Agricole. — An

amusing mischance has occurred with reference to
this distinction, which is conferred by the French
Government upon agriculturalists and horticulturists
of eminence. Amongst others, the distinction was
lately accorded to M. X., " an artisan practising hor-
ticulture with success." It appears that the " In-

dustrie! " in question is a clerk in the employ of the
drapery firm known as "la belle Jardiniere.'' This
gentleman disclaims all knowledge of horticulture,
and has returned the insignia and diploma to the
Minister of Agriculture.

STOCK-TAKING : JULY. — Those who base their
estimates of prosperity on the "imports of chemicals,
&c," will be contented at learning that those for
the past month are in excess of July, 1888, by
£131,204. But there is a large decrease for the
month under §11. (B.), as will be seen in the an-
nexed " summary " of the imports from foreign,
countries and British possessions. Under the seven,
months' summary there is, however, an increase of
£432,527 as against the corresponding term last year.
Here are our usual excerpts : —

1883.

1889.

Difference.

Total value of imports

£.

30,706,412

• £.
35,873,247

£.

+5.166,835

$11.— (A.) Articles of
food and drink —
duty free

11,270,117

12,306,213

+ 1, 036.09S

(B.) — do., dutiable

2,40),647

2,028,721

—371,926.

§VT. — Raw materials
for textile manufac-
tures (including
Flax, Hemp, and
Jute)

3,731,610

5,073,477

+1,338,831

§VfI. — Raw materials
for sundry industries
and manufactures
(including wood and
timber, hewn, sawn,
split, dressed ; vege-
table materials, for
paper-making, &c.)

3,731,094

5,009,843

+1,278,719>

§IX. — Miscellaneous
articles (including
Clover, Grass, Flax,
Rape, Linseed)

965,976

1,061,472

+98,499

The following extracts from the general returns will
be found of interest to all : —

$ II. Fruit:—

188S. I 1889.

Difference

Apples, raw

... bush.

43,786

12,968

—30,818

Unenumerated, raw

•t

375.923

345,697

—30,226

Onions

...

221,210

200,161

—21,049

Potatoa

... cwt.

959,579

551,090

—408,489

Vegetables, raw,
ated

unenumer-
... Value

£58,209

£87.224

+£29,015

Atherstone Horticultural Society. —
This Society held its tenth annual exhibition on
Monday, the 5th inst., Mrs. Dugdale again kindly lend-
ing the beautiful grounds of Merevale Park for the
purpose. The exhibits throughout were very superior,
and occupied seven tents, two of them were 120 feet
long. One of the large tents was filled with specimen
plants and groups 18 feet by 11 feet, crescent shaped,
and made a grand display. The groups, four in
number, were exhibited by Mr. Parker, Victoria
Nurseries, Rugby ; Mr. Allum, nurseries, Tam-
worth ; Hanson Sale, Esq., Atherstone (gr., Mr.
Mason) ; and Mrs. Dugdale, Merevale Hall (gr., Mr.
Brown), and prizes were awarded in the order of the
names. Specimens plants were very good. From
Appleby Hall (gr., Mr. Holder), the best small group
came. The cottagers made a grand show, and the
competition was keen. Cut flowers, vegetables, and
fruit from professional gardeners made a fine display,
and amateurs were also well represented.

GENTIANA GERMANICA.— In Mr. A. de Roths-
child's woods at Halton, near Tring, this beautiful
species, if species it be, is growing intermixed with
G. Amarella. The flowers are much larger and paler
blue than in the last named species, and the leaves are
also larger, paler in colour, and not so reflexed at the
margin. There is a good figure of G. germanica in
an early volume of Seemann's Journal of Botany,
but the specimen figured is small in comparison with
those now to be seen at Halton. We were indebted
to the late Rev. II. Harpur-Crewe for our first
knowledge of this plant. As seen in the woods #t
Halton, it looks abundantly distinct from Amarella,

August 17, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

193

with which it grows in company, but no doubt care-
ful search would serve to disclose intermediate
forms.

St. Neot's'.Horticultural Society— The

twenty-fifth annual exhibition of this Society took
place in the extensive and well-timbered grounds of
Priory Park on August 5. The principal exhibitors
of plants were Mr. Redman, gardener to J. H. Good-
games, Esq., Eynesbury ; Mr. Thomas, gardener to
Lord Esme Gordon, Paxton Park ; Mr. Smith, gar-
dener to Miss Chere, Papworth Hall, St. Ives ; and
E. L. Towgood, Esq., who had some very fine spe-
cimens of flowering Begonias. Cut Roses were
admirably shown by E. B. Lindsell, Esq., Hitchin ;
Air. Redman being also to the fore in several leading
classes in the cut-flower division. Fruit was good
for the district, and vegetables very fine indeed. Mr.
Myers, gardener to the Earl of Sandwich, Hinching-
brook, was 1st, with six dishes of Potatos — a very
good lot indeed. Mr. Myers had the best basket of
ten varieties of vegetables — very fine throughout.
Messrs. Wood and Ingram sent a collection of
Dahlias ; also of Carnations and Picotees.

NOTES FROM THE PARIS
EXHIBITION.

The attempt to grow the Victoria Regia in the
open air in artificially-heated water in a pond in the
grounds near the Brazilian Pavilion at the Paris
Exhibition, has been so far successful. Three plants
are pushing their leaves vigorously, and have at
present a diameter of about 2 feet.

A product shown, which seems peculiar to Bolivia,
is dried frozen small Potatos, white and black, under
the name of Chunos ; they are said to keep long, and
are very useful as a food product. Being gradually
frozen they lose their moisture, vegetation is arrested,
and no subsequent fermentation takes place. Before
they are used, they are soaked for twenty- four hours
in water, when they swell and are roasted between
two layers of straw.

Dried slices of Bananas and Plantains are shown
in the Chili section. Another product of local im-
portance is the leaves of Erythroxylon Coca, of
which numerous samples are exhibited, as well as
Elixir of Coca, and other preparations of the kind
which have obtained some repute in Europe. Peru
also show the leaves, and sends Legumes, &c, in
bottles.

One remarkable feature in the exhibits from the
Spanish colonies is the large display and great
variety of Pulses shown, under the name of Prijokes,
Garbanzas, Feves, Haricots, &c, evidencing how ex-
tensively Beans and Peas are used as articles of food.
A collection made of these would be curious, as
showing the singular variety of shape and colour of
the seeds.

Another noticeable feature is a black-seeded
Maize shown in Bolivia and Mexico, which is of a
rather unusual colour — although the grain cobs of
this cereal are met with in all varieties of colour.
In Bolivia, this grain is used for making chica, the
popular fermented beverage of the country, as,
indeed, of most of the South American [republics.
The colours of Maize depend on that of the epi-
dermis ; numerous varieties are grown in most of
the South American States, as there are in the great
North America Republic, where the annual crop of
Maize now ranges from 1700 to 2000 million bushels
annually.

Of medicinal plants there are many large collec-
tions shown. The Minister of Agriculture of Mexico
sends several hundred bottles, but as yet they have
not been named, although there are evidently papers
in the bottles giving names and particulars.

In the pavilion of Bolivia, there is a good collec-
tion of pharmaceutical products, in bottles shown
by Quino Brothers, but they are not botanically
named, although a few can be identified, such as
Guarana in rolls and fragments ; Algarobilla pods,
for cholera; Contrajerva, for snake bites; Agi, or

dried Capsicums, &c, and a good collection of
Cinchona barks.

In the Uruguay section there is a good assort-
ment of medicinal and other plants in bottles from
Maldonado.

In the United States Agricultural Section there
are sixty-four framed specimens of foliage and seeds
of trees, and 102 specimens of seeds of forest trees
in bottles, and small maps framed, showing the
locality and diffusion of each kind. Our Special
Correspondent.

Cock's-combs at the Paris Exhibition.

In the grounds of the Trocadero are two magnifi-
cent beds of these plants, which from a bedding-out
point of view are extremely novpl and effective.
One plant which we were allowed to measure was
2 feet 4 inches across the crown, and 10 inches over
the top, the height of the plant being 18 inches. All
are not so large, but a great number seemed almost
of equal size. They form an exhibit by Mons.
Lecaron (late Paul Zollard), 20, Quai de la Megis-
serie, Paris, whose representative gives the following
points of culture : — The seeds are sown in March on
a warm bed, and the seedlings are pricked out also
on a similar bed. Pot-culture is avoided. When
frost is no longer to be feared, the plants are planted
out in well-manured soil, and in a warm position,
and are freely watered during hot weather. They
last in good condition about four months. The
plants here referred to are in baskets, which pro-
bably amounts to planting out, as the roots would,
no doubt, go through. Thirteen colours are offered,
though all, judging from those we saw, are variations
of red and yellow, approaching to white from both.
Such beds as these would be very striking about
London, but whether the climate is good enough for
them is another matter. It might be, because it is
evident that in Paris the fine development is due
chiefly to their early culture. E. I. L.

Book Notice.

Timber and some of its Diseases. By H.

Marshall Ward, Professor of Botany at the
Royal Engineering College, Cooper's Hill.
(Macmillan & Co.)

This is a book whose appearance we hail with great
satisfaction. Forestry in general — apart from me-
chanical routine — is so wofully behindhand in this
country, and any useful knowledge of plant diseases
limited to so very few, being well nigh ignored by
those whom it most concerns, that any work which
will alter this condition of affairs is to be accepted
with acclamation.

Professor Ward has won for himself a high reputa-
tion as an accurate observer, a skilled microscopist and
draughtsman, and a thoughtful physiologist. This
book shows that lucidity of exposition and apprecia-
tion of practical requirements may be added to his
qualifications. The earlier chapters of his volume
are occupied with an excellent account of timber
and its structure, illustrated by good woodcuts,
which offer a welcome relief to the old stagers
used in most British text-books. Then follows
a long chapter on the ascent of water in tall trees
— a chapter which physiologists will be thankful
to get as an able summary of the existing state
of knowledge, and we must add controversy, on
this subject, but which we cannot help thinking
would have been more appropriate in another place.
The discussions on the merits and demerits of rival
theories and hypotheses are hardly likely to inspire
practical readers with much confidence. Professor
Ward's opinion, it may be stated, are in harmony
with those of Godlewski and Hartig. According to
these root-pressure, osmotic force, transpiration
from the surface, and capillarily, all of them mecha-
nical forces, it may be noted, must be supplemented
by the work carried on in the living cells of the
wood and the medullary rays. These cells are the
seat of chemical action ; they breathe, and as a

result they act alternately as suction and as force-
pumps, absorbing at one end by osmosis, and expel-
ling the fluid at the other by virtue of their con-
tractible protoplasm, such contraction being a result
of the respiratory changes in the protoplasm.

The latter half of Prof. Ward's volume is devoted
to the consideration of the mode of growth and the
effects on living or dead timber of various fungi
which maybe taken as typical of others. In detailing
these effects Mr. Ward has had the advantage of
studying the collections of Prof. Hartig, of Munich,
and of availing himself of some of the illustrations
from that writer's Lekrbuch der Baumkrankhciten.
In turning over the pages devoted to dry rot,
"canker," and similar subjects it is refreshing to get
away from the guesses and unsupported assertions of
those who have not the means of making the requi-
site investigations, but whose confidence in the enun-
ciation of their opinion is by no means lessened by
that circumstance. The latter chapters deal with
fungi affecting the leaves, and with the condition
known as "damping off" of seedlings — a condition
due to a fungus which is own brother to the Potato
murrain. How great is the interest attaching to the
book is surely obvious from what we have said. It
is, however, confined only to a few points, but we
trust Prof. Ward may speedily give us a general
text-book on the subject of plant diseases, and the
rational methods of dealing with them. In the mean-
time we are grateful for the present instalment, and
heartily recommend its perusal to those concerned.

CULTIVATION OF POTATOS.

In a report of some recent investigations on the
cultivation of the Potato, by Prof. A. Girard,* it was
shown, by a large number of experiments, that
although small Potato tubers may have great repro-
ductive power, yet the weight of the total yield,
when ripe, is comparatively small. Medium-sized
tubers when used for seed, gave practically the same
final result per acre as the largest tubers, and are
therefore stated to be the most economical for seed-
ing purposes.

The importance is enforced of selecting seed tubers
from vigorous - growing plants, since even large
tubers obtained from small and meagre plants
usually give inferior crops.

It was also found in these experiments that the
most luxuriant plants were associated with the most
vigorous aerial vegetation.

This law of propagation, that there is a constant
relation between the weight of the seed Potato and
the vigour of plant developed, and the great 'differ-
ence in the propagating value of the different eyes
of the tuber, was strikingly illustrated twelve years
ago by some experiments on the Potato, by Franz,
which were conducted by him in a garden soil. The
description of the experiments is given in the
following table, which also shows the yield of Potatos
under the different systems adopted in tons per acre.

Method adopted with the Seed.

Tubers divided ia their length

Whole tubers planted

Crowu-half of tubers planted

Whole tubers, eyes other than crown removed .

Yield
per acre.

These results show that the increase of crop
more than repays the increased weight of seed em-
ployed. The reason of this superiority of large seed
is easy of explanation. During the period of early
growth the plant derives its nourishment entirely
from the seed Potato, and its vigour will depend on
the amount of nutritive matter placed at its disposal.
If the early growth is vigorous, a hold is sooner
obtained on the soil, and a larger and better matured
crop is the result.

It is further shown that the crown-eyes yield by

* Comjjtes lietulits, 108, pp. 525 — 527.

194

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 17, 1889.

far the most prolific plants. Franz demonstrates,
therefore, that the very best results are obtained when
large Potato seed is used, all eyes excepting those
•of the crown cut out, and the whole remaining
Potato tuber planted. If Potatos are cut for seed, it
is recommended that they should not be cut in their
length, as is the more usual custom, by which the
crown is divided, and eyes of all kinds introduced
into the seed, but they should be cut across, the
ialf containing the crown-eyes planted, and the
other half consumed as food.

The degeneration of varieties of Potato is believed
by some German experimenters to be largely due to
repeated propagation from small Potato-seed and
feeble buds. J. J. Willis.

The Bulb Garden.

No season of the year is more crowded with neces-
sary operations than the present time, for it is now
that we have to determine what shall be lifted, and
what shall remain in the ground. Many bulbous
plants deteriorate to a very great extent if allowed
to remain for more than one season in the ground,
particularly if the soil be at all badly drained or
heavy, a condition not likely to suit many bulbous
•or tuberous-rooted plants at all. On the other
hand, many bulbs are of inferior quality the first
season after planting, and gain strength considerably
an the second season. Of no plant is this more
noticeable than in the Emperor Daffodil, whose
foliage and flower-stalks rarely attain more than
18 inches for the former, and 10 inches or a foot for
the latter, the first season after planting; while in the
second season, if left undisturbed, the flower-stems
will reach fully 18 inches high, and its fine
foliage to twice that length. There are other things,
however, which do seriously deteriorate if not lifted
annually, and probably none more so than Tulips,
■and for this reason : the outer coat or skin of the
Tulip is exceptionally hard and tough, and does not
readily decay, as do others with softer skins ; and,
further, their mode of increase is so rapid— for a fair-
sized flowering bulb will produce in some varieties
three and four " chickens " in one season, though all
are not equally prolific -that the offsets, being encum-
bered by these hard skins, have not the chances of
putting forth their roots into the soil, and are
thereby crippled, the bulb does not make half its
growth, and a general weakness is the result ; thus it
is that we see clumps of Tulips which have remained
undisturbed in cottage gardens for several years,
producing, it may be, one or two sickly flowers
where dozens might have been, had the proper treat-
ment been adopted. Not only is this so in
English gardens, for I learn from one of
•our largest growers of Tulips in Holland that
it is equally true there; indeed, I ascertained
in conversation that some clumps of the best Tulips
had been planted in his private garden, and their
behaviour, under the circumstances, was identical to
that which I have just described. To attain perfec-
tion in Tulip culture, a generous treatment must be
given them, and annual lifting is indispensable.
Though much later than is usually recommended for
lifting these, I would, in the case of breeders particu-
larly, prefer to lift them even now, than weaken the
offsets by allowing them to remain for another sea-
son, cleaning and replanting them as quickly as
possible.

Next to the Tulips, the English and Spanish Irises
are, perhaps, the most liable to deteriorate when left
undisturbed in the ground for a year or two. The coats
of skin upon the bulbs are very thick, and to keep
the bulbs in good health for any length of time they
should be annually lifted, cleaned, and replanted with
as little delay as possible. It is not merely one or
two weakly growers that deteriorate, but all, even
the most robust, and for those who notice the
general behaviour of such things under any given
treatment the lines of procedure will be obvious
enough.

Many growers and admirers of bulbous Iris know
how well these do generally in the first year, and if
let alone how unsatisfactorily they come up after-
wards, a fact which lias not unnaturally led many to
suppose that they are really unsuitable to our soil or
climate, but this not the case. Bulbous Irises may
annually adorn our gardens to a much larger extent
than now, the only difference being, that instead of
spending money on their purchase, a very small pro-
portion of it has to be expended in their annual lift-
ing, cleaning, and replanting; and seeing how quickly
they increase by means of offsets, anyone may soon be
possessors of large quantities.

These offsets may stand a second season without
disturbance, as the danger of deterioration does not
arrive till the bulbs attain to flowering size, when
producing offsets themselves ; therefore by making
two sizes of the bulbs, the number to be lifted
annually would be considerably reduced. An im-
portant item in their culture is to keep them very
dry when out of the soil, and to return them to their
places as quickly as possible.

Another plant which, to a great extent, is unsatis-
factory when left alone is Gladiolus Colvillei The
Bride ; not but what it is fairly hardy in most soils,
and its requirements simple enough; it is, however,
so closely akin to evergreen, that it springs into
growth in early autumn when left in the soil, and
thereby suffers during frost and snow, the new corm
suffering in a corresponding degree. The simplest
and safest plan is to lift it annually in August, and
replant at intervals, if a succession be required, from
the first week in March till the middle of May for
the open ground ; but if needed for forcing, pot
early in October, and at intervals to meet require-
ments, keeping the young shoots secure from frost.
It is simply surprising to what extent this plant may
be kept dry with impunity, and if judiciously worked,
its useful spikes of flowers may thus be had for a
greater part of the year.

Anemones of the Ilortense and allied sections as
well as the Ranunculus require annual lifting, as a
good drying appears to be to their benefit, in fact,
with Anemone fulgens it is the only way to keep it
in health; for some weeks past I have had abundance
of flowers of the Poppy Anemone, also Persian
Ranunculus from February planted stock, and a later
batch of the scarlet wind flower. A. fulgens is just
opening its first flowers.

Erythrouiums are benefited by lifting every second
or third year, as by this time they become crowded
and require separation. Liliums may, if in good
health be left for an indefinite period ; but where
replanting is deemed necessary, it should be done as
soon as flowering is complete, it is just at this time
that the new basal roots are emitted, and to preserve
these intact should be the aim of all cultivators. •/.

Fruit Register.

RASPBERRY SUPERLATIVE.

This, when it becomes better known and more
plentiful, will be largely cultivated, as it is a fine
thing, and a decided improvement on the good old
Fastolf, as not only is it larger in size, but it is
superior in flavour, and remarkable for its free crop-
ping qualities. The plant produces stout canes,
which send out branching shoots nearly their whole
length, and which show and ripen well in long suc-
cession. •/. S.

Alexandre Lambre Pear.

I surprised one of my market garden neighbours
the other day by showing him a few trees on the
Pear stock of this excellent variety — fruiting freely.
I have found for several years that trees growing
with moderate robustness, and as half-standards,
fruit well almost every season, and it is with me by
far the best cropper and most reliable of all Pears.
Throughout market gardens one sees ten trees of
the Hessle to any other variety, and the Hessle is,
on the whole, the hardiest and most prolific of

standard-grown Pears. It ripens fairly early, but
has indifferent quality of flesh, and is poor in flavour.
Alexandre Lambre, on the other hand, is not only
very free, but the fruits are larger, keep till Novem-
ber, indeed till December in a cool store, and have
soft, juicy flesh and excellent flavour. The trees
send up from their upper branches strong growths,
which set with fruit buds the second year, and be-
coming heavily laden with fruit the following year,
are pulled down, so that the branches remain more
or less pendent afterwards, and not a little for that
reason, perhaps, are so fruitful. This drooping habit
of growth prevents the trees from attaining great
height. Were I going to plant market Pears, I
should certainly put down many trees of Alexandre
Lambre. I should also plant freely of Souvenir du
Congres, for that kind does superbly as half-stan-
dards also, and a further capital hardy Pear on the
free stock is Nouveau Poit. There has been a little
too much talk concerning quality in Pears, but the
production of kinds which will be almost invariably
productive as standard or half-standard trees has not
been sufficiently regarded. A. I).

Home Correspondence.

Correspondents will greatly oblige by sending early
intelligence of local events likely to be of interest to
our readers, or of any matters which it is desirable to
bring under the notice of horticulturists.
Photographs or drawings of gardens, or of remarkabU
■plants, flowers, trees, <fc, are also solicited.

EARLY PEARS. — In this district we have a very
good crop of early Pears of such sorts as Citron des
Carmes from which we have been gathering for the
past ten days. This variety was a week earlier than
Doyenne d'Ete, both being on an east wall. Citron
des Carmes is cracking rather badly, which, I be-
lieve, is owing to much moisture at the ripening
period (and I shall be glad to know if other growers
have experienced this) ; but it usually cracks on this
soil. Williams's Bon Chretien, Jargonelle, Louise
Bonne of Jersey, and Marie Louise are all good.
W. A. Cook, Calm.

BRAMBLES. — There is abundant promise of a
heavy crop of Blackberries this year, and now that
the roots of the plants are thoroughly moistened, the
berries should not only ripen well but be very fine.
Thus we may find some of the shortcomings of our
garden fruit crop made up for by the abundance of
the Blackberries. On August 1, I gathered good
ripe fruits of the Dewberry, Rubus cassius, which is
fully three weeks earlier than common Blackberries
will be ready at the same place. It would thus seem
that we have indigenous forms which are as early as
the American varieties, and possibly were they but
as carefully cultivated would turn out as fine fruit.
The Dewberry so called invariably gives the more lus-
cious form of Blackberry, but then it is the most un-
common ; one may traverse miles of hedgerows
without meeting with it. Not only are the fruits
earlier, but the flowers are white, the foliage larger,
whilst the habit of growth is more drooping. I have
wondered whether the Dewberry may not after all be
the product of some sort of a natural cross between
the Raspberry and the Blackberry. [?] If it be not so,
then it is a diverse species to the Blackberry, Kubus
fruticosus, although so similar in habit and appear-
ance. [Certainly. Ed.] It seems rather odd that
whilst crosses between Raspberries and Black-
berries seem only to have resulted in obtaining
black Raspberries, the real gain would be found
in securing a red Brambleberry. We all like
good, ripe, clean Blackberries, but the stain-
ing of the mouth which results from eating
them, is a material drawback to one's satisfac-
tion. Who therefore will produce a red Bramble-
berry ? Such a desideratum is worth working for.
Hitherto, perhaps, the Bramble has been made the
pollen parent ; suppose the other form of hybridisa-
tion be tried, as the pollen parent often proves to be
the most powerful element in crossing. A. D.

BUXTON'S DAFFODIL. — With reference to the
article in last week's issue, I should like to state
that A. juncifolio-muticus (Baker) was found by
E. N. Buxton, Esq., Knighton, Buckhurst Hill, 1SS4.
The date April must be a mistake, as Mr. Buxton

August 17, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

195

spends the Whitsuntide on the Pyrenees hunting
the izzaxd, so that it would be June when he found
this hybrid Narcissus between Gavarnie and Gedre.
It was, I believe, in 1886 when he sent me a flower.
This I forwarded to Mr. Baker, who named the Nar-
cissus, and described it in the Gardeners' Chronicle.
The same year, Mr. Buxton found N. moschatus in
the valley where he spends his holiday. H. E.
Buxton, Fritton Decoy, Yarmouth, sent to me from
the Pyrenees in 1882 the fine form of Bernardi now
known by his name. I trust the foregoing will
meet Mr. F. W. Burbidge's inquiry of August 10.
P. Barr.

NEW AGERATUM — When walking through the
London Zoo recently, I was very much pleased with
the general effect of the bedding-out, and my atten-
tion was called to a new Ageratum in the flower
garden raised by Mr. Young, from Cupid, one of the
old standard sorts, but his novelty is of a dwarfer
habit than the parent, not exceeding 9 inches in
height, the trusses much larger and produced at the
point of nearly every shoot. The colour is a violet-
fclue. It is quite distinct from anything we have at
the present time, and I hope Mr. Young will send it
out, and give the gardeuing public the opportunity
of possessing themselves of a plant of merit. I
fcelieve it is designated The Zoo. Wm. M. Baillie.

REMARKS ON THE FRUIT CROPS.— The omis-
sion of the word not in my second sentence, top of
■first column, p. 128, entirely changes the sense. The
sentence should read: — "Another (that is, dis-
appointment) was the failure of the bloom to set, a
■failure not caused by frost." For the first time for
many years the frosts of May were nil, or so slight
as not to injure or blight the Apple or fruit
blossom ; and yet, in spite of this frostless and
favourable May, we have little or no fruit. This is
at once the deepest mystery, and the severest trial
of this year, 1889. Again, Peaches and Nectarines
are fairly plentiful. Apricots nil, a total and com-
plete failure, and this over and over again, in the
same gardens and on the same walls. Truly the
mysteries of fruit growing and failing seem all but
inscrutable and past finding out. There is yet another :
when recording our total failure of Apples, I had not
then noticed that about a dozen of spiral cordons
close to the ground had escaped ; most of these have
a full crop, and, apart from them, I do not suppose
we have a bushel of Apples in the garden and
orchard combined. The general crop is in fact nil.
Pears are but little better, and the quality of the
fruit s^ems but a few degrees better than wood. Here,
again, there are one or two exceptions, one of the
most striking being Citron des Cannes. In the near
neighbourhood, there are also some good Pears, one
■garden being wholly taken and another left. The
crop is far more erratic of Pears than in the case of
Apples, though here and there trees and gardens are
left full of these also. But the Apple crop on the
whole is the worst I have known in an experience of
forty years in the Eastern Counties. B. T. Fish.

DOUBLE LILACS. — I must point you out an error
of the press which was committed in Garden and
Forest, where it is said, in the last paragraph, "and
we have now obtained a variety with large pure blue
flowers," instead of " we have obtained a variety with
large pure white flowers." It is this double white
-variety which was so much admired at the Paris Ex-
position on May 20, where it was awarded a 1st prize
by the jury. V. Lemoinc, Nancy.

INSTRUCTION IN PRACTICAL GARDENING.— I
notice an inquiry concerning "Instruction in Prac-
tical Gardening," and think your correspondent
"Hortus" may care to know of this College, where
■lady students are received. I shall be happy to send
a copy of the prospectus to any of your readers,
and supply any further particulars which may
■be desired. A. W. Bond, The Horticultural College,
Swanley, Kent.

FUCHSIAS OUTDOORS.— It is very doubtful
- whether there are many gardens of great pretensions
■which can show such a remarkable exhibit of out-
•door-grown Fuchsias as may be seen in a front
garden in the High Street, Egham, attached to the
residence of Mr. Paice. This gentleman is pos-
sibly an enthusiast over Fuchsias. Certainly for
many years he has beautified his front garden
■with many noble plants, blooming profusely for
a long season, and evidencing cultivation which
many who profess to grow Fuchsias for exhi-
bitions might well en.vy. From the street gate to

the front door of the house there are some iron
arches, and on the other side of the uprights
are plunged some noble Fuchsias. These, tied
securely to the arches, have their tops brought over
to nearly meet, and thus a perfect bower of Fuchsia
flowers is formed. All about the garden, thickly
stood, are fine plants in pots of divers kinds, alter-
nating with tall standard Petunias, Tropajolums, and
other plants, but Fuchsias dominate. The plants
have ample pot-room, are liberally watered, kept
securely tied, and have the decayed blooms frequently
removed. Bush plants, also flowering profusely, are
bedded out, so that the garden is emphatically one
of Fuchsias, and the result is so beautiful a one
that it is surprising many others have not followed
Mr. Paice's example. Amidst the flower-garden
fancies of the day, it is worthy of note that one of
our finest and most beautiful of flowering plants still
is permitted to display its beauties as an ordinary
garden denizen. A. B.

X-4CO

Fig. 28,— the carxatiox i i-x-gus. isei: r. 199.)

NERINE ANGUSTIFOLIA — Mr. Baker makes this
a variety of N. flexuosa, but it is so widely different
from that species as represented in gardens that we
may be justified in separating it from N. flexuosa,
for horticultural purposes at any rate. It appears
to have first flowered in the gardens of the late Mr.
Wilson Saunders, and was figured in the Befugium
Botanicuin, t. 329. So far as I know, it has not got
into gardens generally, and I never saw it alive
until it flowered recently at Kew. It came to Kew
by means of a German resident in Zululand, who
sent a collection of seeds collected principally on
the Spitzkop, at about 11,000 feet, and the Drakens-
burg at 8000 feet. The Nerine was described as a
"beautiful pink Lily, 3 feet high, grows in rich
soil." The Kew plants were raised from these seeds,
which were sown in May, 1887. It is remark-
able that the plants have gone on growing
steadily since that time, and they have been kept
moist from the sowing of the seeds till now. This
is exceptional in Nerine, the other species requiring
a long dry rest yearly before they will flower.
Flowering in July, too, when the other species are
dried up and leafless, is another character, which,
from a cultivator's standpoint, separates this plant

from all the forms of N. flexuosa, and, indeed, from
all other Nerines. The bulb of N. angustifolia is of
the shape and size of a pigeon's egg ; the leaves are
18 to 24 inches long, less than J inch broad, deeply
channelled, succulent, and shining green. The
flower-scape accompanies the leaves, and is twisted,
terete, § inch in diameter, from 24- to 3 feet high,
shining green, bearing an umberof about twenty
flowers springing from lance-shaped spathe-valves
\h inch long ; pedicels 3 inches long, covered with
short soft hairs ; flowers 2 inches across ; segments
If inch long, declinate, rose-pink, paler towards the
tips, where there is a green keel ; stamens and style
declinate. This is a handsome Nerine, and if crossed
with such as N. curvifolia, they should yield a pro-
geny of good robust summer-flowering kinds. W. W.

THE POTATO DISEASE.— Although appearing
later and with less virulence than usual, the old enemy
is creeping over our Potatos in garden and field. Few
or no tubers have yet been seen badly affected. But
the haulms have caught the disease, and the odour is
evident. The enormous length and immature con-
dition of the tops renders the high earthing-up of the
tubers practically impossible or difficult. [Oh, no !
Ed.] When tops are short and drills are wide apart
this method is well worth a trial. By thus putting
the Potatos in drills instead of in pits, they may in-
deed ripen in safety, as the additional soil may shut
out the disease spores. I have long practised early
lifting as a ready means of baulking the disease.
Unfortunately in seasons like this, when Potato tops
are gross and long — and seem not to know when to
stop growing — early lifting is unfavourable to high
quality. And high moulding — without arresting the
progress or completion of maturity — may interpose
an effectual barrier to the penetration of the spores
from above. B. T. F.

PYROLA ROTUNDIFOLIA AND MONOTROPA
HYPOPITYS. — The sandhills on the Lancashire
coast between Southport and Ainsdale are inte-
resting to botanists, from the occurrence there of
several uncommon plants, but especially two, which
are usually said to inhabit woods — viz., Pyrola rotun-
difolia and Monotropa hypopitys. The first of these
two is found sparingly in several parts of the sand-
hills, but in great abundance, covering several acres,
about half-way between Birkdale and Ainsdale. It
is a beautiful little plant, and was in full flower this
year the last week in July, when I made a pilgrim-
age from Edge to see it. The good people of
Southport prize it highly, and gather bunches of
the flowers to decorate their rooms. The variety
found near Southport is said by botanists to be
peculiar to these sandhills, and to differ from
the type, being called var. arenaria. I have
tried for many years with indifferent success to
cultivate the plant. It requires masses of wiry
root to grow amongst, which are supplied abun-
dantly on these sandhills by Salixrepens. I searched
in vain for Pyrola in spots where this Willow did
not grow. The Monotropa seems equally dependent
upon the roots of the Willow for its welfare. It
grows abundantly in all parts of the same sandhills,
but, like the Pyrola, confining itself mostly to the
lower and level parts which represent the old floor
of the coast. In several spots I noticed a circular
arrangement of growth of Monotropa, like that of a
fairy ring, perhaps due to the same cause. The
Erythnca on these sandhills varies greatly in form
of leaf and some other characters, but the varieties
seem to pass by slight gradations into one another.
C. Wolley Bod.

DWARFER DAHLIAS.— All growers of the large
flowered or show section of Dahlias, know that a
great reform in the matter of height has been pro-
duced during recent years, and that many fine
varieties can now be found in height not exceeding
3 feet, some even dwarfer. That is great gain com-
pared with the tall leggy growth usually found
on the older forms. Many of the large show flowers
may now be produced in plants of the height of the
bedding race, and dwarfer than are the pompon
Dahlias. The Cactus forms err especially on the
side of excessive height, and sadly need reducing.
Great height in plants never is a desirable feature,
especially so far as concerns tender flowering plants,
which need stout sticks to support them. One of
the very tallest of all the singles is the beautiful
Paragon still in flower, one of the very best, but its
height is abnormal. A good range of height would be
from 2 to 4 feet, for very dwarf or miniature forms are
not of much worth, as most of them lack stiff flower-
stems. I have been breeding, with some fairly good

196

TEE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

[August 17, 1889.

results, for a moderately dwarf strain, which will
stand Jwithout sticks — one especially, a hrilliant
scarlet self, the flowers perfect in form, and boldly
ilisolayed, is but 30 inches in height, and stands
sturdily erect without any support. Such a strain
as that presents, if more colour can be produced —
and there are such — certainly does offer encourage-
ment to the wider growth of single Dahlias, as their
height and legginess has materially checked wide
•culture. Plants of the height named, of several
very decided colours, would make fine masses, espe-
cially white, scarlet, crimson, purple, and mauve
lines. The variously marked flowers, such as the
pretty striped or edged Queen Victoria, although
so attractive, would hardly prove to be so effective as
are richly defined self colours. Clearly there is a
wide field open for the improvement of single
Dahlias. A. D.

AZOLLA CAROLINIANA. — Mr. O'Brien some few
years since recorded this plant as growing on a pond
at Eastcote. Since then it has gained a footing on
other ponds and water in the neighbourhood, and
just now the ponds are getting quite a reddish tinge,
which will become more decided later on. A curious
contest has been going on between the Azolla and
our native Duckweed (Lemna) for possession of the
surface of the water. The Azolla appears to be the
most powerful of the two, but the process of crowding
out the Lemna is a slow one ; this is shown by the
narrow streaks of the latter plants which may be seen
growing amongst the former. J. W. Odell, Stanmorc.

PLANT LABEL. — The accompanying label is a
•sample of those used in the University Botanic
Garden here. It consists of an oblong piece of good
'but not hard wood, supported on two fairly stout
pieces of wire, which should be galvanised. The
wires are fixed by being driven into the wood
a short distance beyond the passages bored to receive
them. The wood gets a coat of good paint, which is
.allowed to dry ; a second coat is then put on, and,
-while wet, the writing is done with a garden pencil.
A coat of varnish completes the operation. John
Hi/son, D.Sc, St. Andrews. [Suitable for a botanic
garden, but they are too conspicuous for private
gardens. Ed.]

LATHYRUS DRUMMONDI. — I have lately read
in the Gardeners' Chronicle some remarks as to the
Pea which I received under that name, but which I
found, wh»n it flowered, to be L. rotundifolius. It
was named for me by Sir J. D. Hooker, and figured in
Mot. Mac/, under that name. The plant had been in
■my garden some time before I sent it for identifica-
tion. I received it from a lady living (then) near
me, who said she would try and get me the scarlet
"Sweet Pea, as she was then shortly going for a
■visit, I believe, into Dorsetshire. One morning; I
received a box with a portion of this Pea which I
succeeded in growing, and, when in flower, I sub-
mitted it for examination. The next year, I think,
3 was requested by Sir Joseph to send specimens for
figuring. It is a very beautiful plant, but I do not
consider it near L. Sibthorpi, which is very beautiful
also. I greatly admire it ; its beautiful colour and
very early flowering are very charming. In the
-spring its long flower-spikes in some instances
attain a length of 15 inches, while in L. rotundi-
folius they are about G inches, and again the flowers
are very wide apart in L. Sibthorpi, and very thickly
set in L. rotundifolius. L. Sibthorpi is, my opinion,
a much stronger and dwarfer grower, more resem-
bling L. latifolius, and grows from 3 to 4 feet in
height, the other being 5 to 7 feet or more. These
Peas are both hardy here ; but are very bad setters of
seed, not one seed in three or four pods being pro-
duced. L. Sibthorpi was obtained many years ago
from my highly-esteemed friend Mr. W. H. Baxter,
late Curator of Oxford Botanic Gardens. •/. S. C.

GLAZED FLOWER-POTS FOR ORCHIDS.— Can
any of your readers who are thoroughly experienced
in Orchid growing give me their opinion, through the
medium of the Gardeners' Chronicle, as to the value
of glazed flower-pots for Orchids — whether they have
found Orchids do better in them than in the ordinary
flower-pot? Hortus.

TOWN TREES.— The remarkable thing con-
cerning town trees planted during the past
twenty years is how they manage to obtain root
moisture, when the whole of the surface of
the roads and footways seems to be absolutely
impervious to moisture. Passing along the South
.Kensington-road, just opposite to the Brompton

Oratory, a few days since, I remarked that the
earlier leaves on some fine young Plane trees stand-
ing on the margin of the footways were already
yellow and about to fall. I took it to be conclusive
evidence that the tree3 were suffering from lack of
moisture. The paths are close paved, and the street
wood-paved, with a soil aperture about the trees of
only some 1"> inches square, and I cannot imagine
that a single dropof surface-water can possibly pass to
the roots. If in relation to town trees, especially young
trees, there has been no artificial provision made for
the irrigation of the soil beneath the streets and foot-
ways— for watering in any other way is impossible
— then it seems evident that soon the trees must
die, for the soil will but become drier every year.
As trees will not thrive without ample root-moisture
in the country, it would indeed be odd if they should
do so in town ; and it is strange that reputed
gardeners in planting trees along the sides of roads
or streets, the surfaces of which are so hard and
impervious that not a drop of rain can pass into the
soil beneath, should expect trees to live and thrive
under such conditions. Existence can only be
maintained through a miracle, as all natural
conditions are violated. I may add, that just
in the same street referred to above, I
noted in a narrow fore-court, the head project-
ing far over the footway, a splendid Sumach,
as luxuriant in growth and foliage as may
be seen anywhere in the kingdom. The Sumach is
not only therefore a first-rate town tree, but it seems
capable of existing under conditions of root dryness
much better than many other trees, for a house
stands but a few feet from the path, so that the tree-
roots must be beneath houses and paved footways.
[Objectionable from the suckers it produces and its
straggling habit. Ed.]. A. D.

Societies.

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL.

August 13. — It was a very pretty exhibition that
was held in the Drill Hall, Westminster, last Tues-
day. It is to be regretted that so few visitors were
present, but no doubt the holiday season is respon-
sible for that to some extent. One of the most
remarkable exhibits was a collection of pot grown
Tomato plants in fruit, probably the best exhibition
of this popular fruit ever shown.

In the afternoon at the usual meeting, Mr. Rivers
read a paper on the Peach, in which he condemned
the ordinary practice of wall training His remarks
will be published in the Journal of the Society.

Floral Committee.

Present : W. Marshall, Esq., in the chair ; and
Messrs. Shirley Hibberd, R. Dean, W. C. Leach, W.
tioldring, H. Herbst, J. Walker, F. Ross, H. Cannell,
W. Holmes, B. Wynne, C. Noble, J. Fraser, G. Paul,
G. Nicholson, and Dr. M. T. Masters.

The season of the Dahlia is now near at hand, as
could be seen by collections staged. Mr. T. S. Ware,
Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham, contributed a col-
lection comprising Cactus, single, and pompon
varieties, and among the first-named were some
very pretty varieties. Mrs. G. Reid, lilac-mauve
shaded was very elegant ; and the deep shaded crim-
son of Empress of India was very effective ; Honoria,
bright yellow, almost reminded one of a double Sun-
flower. In the singles, W. E. Harvey, pale biscuit-
brown, with a trace of crimson suffusion, intense at
the base of each ray, was a conspicuous flower ;
Gertie Bywater is dark crimson, with still darker
marginal bands to each ray ; Negress, deep, dull
crimson. And of the pompons, Isabel, scarlet ;
Fairy Tales, pale yellow; and Eurydiee, may be
named. From the same exhibitor were a number
of brightly-coloured Gaillardias in variety, double
Sunflowers, having H. multiflorus grandiplenus
(Soleil d'Or), and H. m. plenus, the former being
quite even throughout, whereas the other had
noticeable rays ; Lilium auratum, Iceland Poppies,
Scabious Snowball, Carina Antoine Chantin, with
large bright red flowers ; and Chrysanthemum
Golden Shah, a dwarf plant, with bright yellow
flowers, very decorative, were also shown.

From Messrs. J. Cheal & Son, Lowfield Nurseries,
Crawley, Sussex, a similar collection of Dahlias was
shown, and it contained some striking varieties,
as, among singles: Mrs. Bowman, magenta; J.
Scobie. bright yellow, with scarlet splashes — very
gay ; W. C. Harvey, already referred to ; Formosa,
bright red ; and Alba perfecta, white ; among the

Cactus varieties, Panther, scarlet; H. Patrick, yel-
low ; and the old Juarezii, were the best ; while the
pompons included Isabel, scarlet ; Golden Gem, yel-
low ; Adonis, crimson shaded ; and Cupid, pink,
with dark tips.

From Mr. S. Mortimer, nurseryman, Rowledge,-
Farnham, was a stand of forty-eight blooms of show
varieties of Dahlias, very large, and of good form,
among which the best were to be seen in Pioneer,
Mrs. Gladstone, Mrs. Carter, R. J. Rawlings, Gloire de
Lyon. H. Keith, Fascination, Peacock, Yellow Boy, W.
Rawlings, R. Dean, Crimson King, and Diadem.

A new zonal Pelargonium was contributed by
Messrs. Hawkins & Bennett, Lily Gardens, Twicken-
ham. It is a sturdy-growing plant, with semi-
double flowers of bright deep red, borne in a good
large truss, and is introduced as Duke of Fife.

A good show of plants was made by Messrs. 11.
Cannell & Sons, Swanley, Kent, who showed a
number of double-flowered Tuberous Begonias, out
of which the following were selected for distinction :
— A. Blanc, fiery-crimson, with straight petals ; Mrs.
Cayzer, yellow-brown, very double ; and Litkie, with
large flowers, pink, aud the petals undulate ; several
plants of the dwarf double white Octavie were also
shown. Among other plants from the same source
were Coleus Vesuvius, with large ovate-acute leaves,
of bright crimson, splashed with a deeper shade, and
a yellow border ; Rochea falcata, a flower which made
a fine display ; and " Nasgelia Achimenes, pyramidal,"
stated to be a hybrid between Achimenes and
Nagelia; it grows about a foot in height, with flowers
borne in whorls along its length in the axils of
leaves, which are dark green, ovate-acute, and hairy.
The flowers are oblique, rosy-carmine, with a yellow
throat, spotted with crimson at the orifice.

Messrs. R. Smith & Co., Worcester, contributed a
handsome form of Pteris tremula named Smithii,
growing about 1 foot in height, with very much
divided and tufted fronds, giving a light and graceful
appearance.

Messrs. J. Laing & Sons, Forest Hill, S.E., showed,
under the name of Anthurium Laingii, a white
spathed Anthurium. These are not of much deco-
rative value when compared with the red.

Godetias were sent by Messrs. Daniels Bros.,
Norwich, who had a crimson-flowered one named
Duke of Fife, and another, Duchess of Fife, with petals
of white with a crimson spot.

An extensive group of a miscellaneous nature was
staged by Messrs. Paul & Son, Cheshunt. This con-
sisted chiefly of Roses, even at this late date, and
were very fine for the time of year, some of the most
creditable being La France, A. Colomb, Dr. Andry,
Duke of Teck, Baroness Rothschild. A. K. Williams,
M. P. Wilder, Madame Eug. Verdier, Captain
Christy, &c. Polyantha Roses were also seen in
Mignonette, Golden Fairy Fernet, Anna Marie de
Montravel, Red Pet, Gloire de Polyantha, and
Madame Alegatiere (Jules MargottinxR. polyantha),
with light looking flowers of a full rose colour, and
moderate size ; others subjects were Gypsophila
paniculata, Eryngium planum, Montbretia Pottsi,
various Phloxes, Rudbeckia purpurea, Aconitum
auturanale, Polygonum affine, Senecio pulcher, and
a variety of Hybrid-spotted Gladioli.

A small collection of plants, &c, came from Mr.
R. Dean, Ealing, including Mauve Beauty Stock,
which is a very double variety, producing but few
singles ; African Marigolds in variety, Victoria and
Scarlet Bedder Dahlias, and Lobelia Heckfield
Favourite, deep blue, with a small eye of white.

A few plants of Rainbow Coleus were sent by Mr.
J. Green, Norfolk Nurseries, East Dereham. It is a
distinct sort, green, with a broad yellow edge,
splashed all over with crimson.

A very extensive and beautiful exhibit was that
of Messrs. J. Veitch & Son, Royal Exotic Nursery,
Chelsea, S.W., who had specimens of a great variety
of hardy ornamental foliaged shrubs and trees,
including a great number of forms of Acer pal-
matum septemlobum, and also of Oaks of various
species. Some of the most striking were Stepha-
nandra flexuosa, Shepherdia argentea, Naudina
domestica, Cornus mas elegantissima aurea, Eucry-
phia pinnatifolia in flower, Quercus pedunculata
vars., Berberis vulgaris atropurpurea, Alnus glutinosa
imperialis, Styrax obassia, S. japonica (in fruit),
Salix annularis, Eucalyptus coccifera, and Eleagnus
macrophyllus. Several trusses of hybrid Rhododen-
drons were shown, including a novelty, Duchess of
Fife, cream with pale red flush and a good truss ;
Nepenthes Curtisii var. superba, which differs from
the type in higher colouring and in having a much
greater development of the annnlus or rim surround-
ing the mouth of the pitcher, which is two or

August 17, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

197

three times as wide in the new form, and gives a very
bold appearance ; Hedychium SadleriX (H. Gard-
nerianuraX coronarium), with a good head of yellow
flowers of large dimensions; Koscoea purpurea, pale
flowered form with flowers of rich mauve very elegant,
and to complete the display, a large lot of Gladioli
ofLemoine's hybrids, including specimens of the
new section Nanceianus, exhibited on behalf of M.
Lemoine, referred to on p. 154 of our last issue ;
President Carnot of this section was rich scarlet
carmine, with conspicuous white areas on the lower
segments, the flower was very much expanded, and
measured 5 inches across laterally. In Horace Comte
de Choiseuil, is seen a darker coloured flower of
similar form and size, but with the white areas some-
what obscured by spotting. Of the hardy spotted
section, the most noteworthy were Alsace, pale buff-
vellow,' with a purple spot, the flower being very
cupped in form ; and Andre Chenier, cream flushed
pink, with the lower segments purple with gold tips,
very striking.

Mr. F. Ross, Pendell Court Gardens, Bletchingley,
had Physianthus albens, with a profusion of its white
flowers.

Mr. G. S. Whall, Park Street, Worksop, sent a
hybrid Gladiolus (Lemoine's class), raised by himself,
and named Hippolyte ; it is buff-yellow with crimson
flush, and a rich crimson centre and lower petal—
an elegant production.

Mr. Baron Veillard contributed cut flowers of a new
Clematis, named Mrs. BaronVeillard, and from Messrs.
G. Jackman & Sons, Woking Nurseries, Surrey, came
a plant of the same, the flowers of which are a dull
mauve colour not particularly attractive, but distinct.

Messrs. R. Beale & Co., New Southgate, N., showed
plants grown in fertilising moss, and also various
sundries, as well as a plant-collar for lengthening a
pot for top-dressing, it consists of a band of metal
which fits inside the rim of the pot.

Zinnias in variety were sent by Mr. Otto Putz, and
the strain was commended.

A curious little Tritonia securigera'with four or
five flowers on a scape was sent by Mr. J. O'Brien,
Harrow-on-the-Hill, the flowers are about 1 inch
across, salmon-red with a bright yellow area and a
a small hatchet-shaped process on the three lower
segments, the scape being about 1 foot in length.

Norman, Hatfield House Gardens, Hatfield, contri-
buted several fine cut spikes of Saccolabium Blumei,
about 2 feet in length, marvels of fine cultivation.

Orchid Committee.

Present:— Dr. M. T. Masters, F.R.S.,in the chair,
and Messrs. J. O'Brien, E. Hill, H. J. Veitch,
C. Pilcher, J. Dominy, H. M . Pollett, and H.
Ballantine.

Mr. M. Bishop, gr. to W. Howard, Esq., The
Grove, Teddington, sent a plant of Cattleya War-
cewiczii w th fine blooms of a delicate lilac colour ;
and H. Tate, Esq.Jun., Allington Beeches, Liverpool,
showed a plant of C. W. Hardyana, with rich lilac
crimson flowers of fine substance, the large lip being
very dark and beautifully undulate, with a bright
yellow blotch on each side. This form has been
on a previous occasion certificated as C. Hardyana.

Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., M.P., Burford Lodge,
Dorking, had a few choice subjects in Vanda Kim-
balliana, a very pretty orchid, the sepals and petals
are white with a central pale crimson nerve, and the
almost round lip entirely crimson ; the lateral
sepals are crescent-shaped, with the point inclining
downwards, and the odd sepal is twisted so as to
show the edge only at the front view of the flower ;
the petals are also twisted, but so as to exhibit the
back, the column is furnished with yellow wings.
Altogether this is a very elegant plant, the stem
being terete, dark green, and short ; Cypripedium
Stonei-superbiens, Burford variety, much resembling
C. Morganiic, but is stiffer, the lip is more rounded
and of deeper colour ; dorsal sepal triangular, erect,
flat, whitish brown lined with green and red-brown,
petals long, narrow, and straight, green-yellow with
red-brown spots, and ciliated along the margin.
Laelia monophylla and Eulophia megistophylla, with
a well-flowered spike of yellow and lake flowers
• completed the collection.

Messrs. H. Low & Co., Clapton, sent a very
well-flowered specimen of Vanda Kimballiana
with a quantity of flowers on it, and Mr. Goodheart,
Beckenham, contributed a plant of Cypripedium Law-
renceanum ; while Mr. Ballantine, gr. to Baron
Schroder, sent a flower of Cypripedium orphanum
(barbatum X Druryii), lip rose-lake, spotted inside,
petals and dorsal sepal with a central nerve, dorsal
sepal white with green nerves, shaded with lake
near the margin, which is reflexed; petals rosy-lake
on a greenish ground, slightly twisted. Mr. G.

Fruit Committee.

Present: R. D. Blackmore, Esq., in the chair;
and Messrs. J. Lee, J. Willard, J. Cheal, G. Cliffe,
G. Norman, G. Bunyard, W. Warren, J. Wright,
A. H. Pearson, T. J. Saltmarsh, G. Wythes, J. Hud-
son, W. Balderson.F. Q Lane, H. Weir, P. Crowley,
J. Burnett, and Dr. R. Hogg.

The Tomatos in pots from the Society's gardens
at Chiswick formed the leading feature of the display
here, and the plants, laden with fine samples of fruit,
did indeed look well. Numerous dishes of fruit of a
very high quality were also sent, among which were
the following: — Golden Queen, Reading Hybrid,
President Cleveland, Perfection, Lorillard. Yellow
Cherry, Wile's Prolific, New Early, and several
crosses, such as Perfection X Horsford's Prelude,
and Prelude X Ham Green Favourite, to the first-
named of which a Certificate was awarded as Chis-
wick Hybrid; the fruit is of a fine red colour, round,
smooth surface, moderate in size, prolific, and does
not contain much pulp.

The English Apple and Fruit Growing Co ,

I, Duke Street Mansions, Grosvenor Square, W.,
which exhibited for the first time, contributed a few
baskets of well-grown samples of Tomatos; one
under the name of Livingstone's Prolific was repre-
sented by very large and handsome fruit ; and others
were Conqueror, Optimus, Ham Green Favourite,
&c, all in good condition.

A collection of fruit was staged by Messrs. J.
Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, in which were handsome
well-ripened examples of Early Orleans, The Czar,
Frogmore Orleans, and De Montford Plums. Apples
and Pears were remarkably clean and sound, and
included the following : — Apples : Domino, Ecklin-
ville, Irish Peach, Hawthornden, Duchess of Olden-
burg, Oslin, and R-'d Astrachan ; with Jargonelle
and Beurre Giffard Pears.

Mr. W. Roupell, Roupell Park, S.W., contributed
well-grown fruits of Devonshire Quarrenden, Irish
Peach, Red Astrachan, and Red Juneating ; and
Messrs. J. Cheal & Son, Crawley, Sussex, showed
also dishes of Apples, having as their best Alfreston,
Irish Peach, Professor, White Astrachan, and Manx
Codlin.

A branch of Alexandre Lambre Pear, laden with
fruit, was shown by Mr. A. Dean, Bedfont, to illus-
trate its cropping qualities.

Several Melons were submitted, one of which,
named Basing Park, received a Certificate ; it was
sent by Mr. W. Smyth, Basing Park Gardens, Alton,
Hants, and is a medium-sized, green-fleshed fruit,
with a much netted skin, and of full flavour. Others
were from Mr. Allen, Gunton Park Gardens, Norwich,
a large scarlet-fleshed variety, a cross between
Austin's Incomparable and Hero of Lockinge ; Mr.
F. Nicholas, Upleatham, Yorks ; Mr. J. Button,
Yeovil ; and Mr. W. H. Divers. Ketton Hall, Stamford.

Some bunches of the American Strawberry- Grape
were shown by Messrs. H.Lane & Son, Berkhamsted,
from a Vine grown in a pot ; they were good speci-
mens of the kind, and of very dark colour.

Mr. Green, East Dereham, had a number of fruits
of the Peach Tomato, which are of a dull dark red
colour.

Awards were made as follows : —

Br thk Floral Committee.

First-class Certificates.

To Pteris tremula Smithiaua, from Messrs. R.
Smith & Co.

To Nepenthes Curtisi superba, from Messrs. J.
Veitch & Sons.

To Gladiolus Nanceianas President Carnot, from
M. Lemoine.

Award of Merit.

To Gladiolus Hippolyte, from Mr. Whall.

To Dahlia W. C. Harvey, from Mr. T. S. Ware.

To Chrysanthemum Golden Shah, from Mr. T. S.
Ware.

To " Noegelia Achimene Pyramidal,'' from Messrs.

II. Cannell& Sons.

To Begonia Litkie, from Messrs. H. Cannell &
Sons.

To Begonia Mrs. Cayzer, from Messrs. II. Cannell
& Sons.

To Begonia A. Blanc, from Messrs. H. Cannell &
Sons.

To Rhododendron Duchess of Fife, from Messrs.
J. Veitch & Sons.

To Dahlia James Scobie, from Messrs. Cheal &
Sons.

To Pelargonium Duke of Fife, from Messrs.
Hawkins & Bennett.

To Gladiolus Alsace, from Messrs. J. Veitch &
Sons.

To Gladious Andre Chenier, from Messrs. J.
Veitch & Sons.

Botanical Certificate.

To Tritonia securigera, from Mr. J. O'Brien.

Strain Commended.
Zinnias, from Otto Putz.

By the Orchid Committee.
First-class Certificates.
To Vanda Kimballiana, from Sir T. Lawren;e,
Bart., MP. ; and also from Messrs. H. Low & Co

To Cypripedium Orphanum, from Mr. II. Bal-
lantine.

Cultural Commendations.
To Lielia monophylla, from Sir T. Lawrence,
Bart., M.P.
To Saccolabium Blumei, from Mr. Norman.
(All unanimously.)

Br the Fruit Committee.
First-class Certificates.

To Melon Basing Park, from Mr. W. Snaythe.

To Tomato Chiswick Hybrid, from the Society's
Gardens.

Cultural Commendation.

To collection of Tomatos, from the Society's
Gardens.

Medals.

Silver Banksian Medal to Messrs. J. Veitch &
Sons, for group of plants.

Silver Banksian Medal to Mr. T. S. Ware, for
collection of Dahlias.

Silver Banksian Medal to Messrs. II. Cannell &
Sons, for group of Begonias.

Silver Banksian Medal to Messrs. Paul & Son,
for group of Cut Roses, &c.

Bronze Banksian Medal to Messrs. J. Cheal &
Sons, for collection of Dahlias.

Bronze Banksian Medal to the English Apple and
Fruit-growing Company, for collection of Tomatos.

LEICESTER.

August 6. — The Committee of the Abbey Park,
under the direction of the Corporation of Leicester,
held its fourth flower show in the beautiful grounds
of the Abbey Park. The show was arranged in four
large tents. The largest tent, devoted to plants, had
the centre filled with groups, which were of excellent
quality. The 1st prize was taken by Mr. S. A.
Murray, gr. to S. Bennett, Esq., Knighton, whose
arrangement was much above the average, and calls
for special remarks, four tall graceful Palms occu-
pied the centre, surrounded by a choice selection of
Crotons, Dracamas, Acalyphas, and other foliage
plants ; the old-fashioned Clerodendron fallax was
freely used with good effect, also Anthurium Andrea-
num. Francoa ramosa, used for relief, gave the group
a graceful appearance, and the whole was neatly
margined with Ferns, Gloxinias, Caladium Argy-
rites, &c.

The flowering and foliage plants were not so
numerous as we have seen in former years, but those
shown were clean and well grown. In the Fern
classes there was good competition, and some well-
grown specimens of Adiantum Farleyense and A.
Cardiochlamum, rarely shown in good condition.
For a single specimen flowering plant, Plumbago
capensis took the 1st prize, with a large well-flowered
plant. This was shown by Mr. Murray ; Coleus
formed a striking feature of this tent, Mr. Murray
being again 1st, with a clear well-grown collection.

Table plants are shown in close competition, both
for the Society's prize, as well as the special prizes
offered by Mr. B. S. Williams, of the Victoria Nur-
series, Holloway, London, Mr. Murray again being
the fortunate competitor. From Mr. Williams'
nurseries was a choice collection of new and rare
plants, including many Orchids, Sarracenias, Crotons,
Dractenas, &c, forming one of the most interesting
groups of the show. This was not shown for com-
petition, but a special prize was awarded.

The excellent prizes offered for Roses at this show
alwavs brings strong competition, and although some
heavy storms on the previous day prevented a few
of the large exhibitors from turning up, one side of
a large teut was well filled with very good quality
flowers, Messrs. Harkness & Son, of Bedale, taking

198

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 17, 1889.

1st, for thirty-six. The other principal exhibitors
were the Rev. Pemberton Havering and Messrs.
Merryweather, Southwell ; Mack & Son, Catterick
Bridge ; and Perkins & Sons, Coventry.

Carnations and Picotees were largely shown, and
the competition was very keen.

The prize for twelve cut stove and greenhouse
plants was taken by Mr. Blair, of Trentham, with a
grand collection. Messrs. Harkness & Son took the
lead with cut herbaceous flowers, with a good
selection, and nicely arranged ; indeed, the cut
flowers was one of the features of the show.

For bouquets, vases, and wreaths, the leading prize,
as usual, went to Messrs. Perkins & Son, Coventry ;
but for both hand and bridal bouquets Mr. Blair, of
Trentham was a good 2nd.

The fruit prizes were not so well contested for as
on some previous occasions, but the quality of the
exhibits was good. The 1st prize, for a collection of
six dishes, was taken by Mr. J. Edmonds, of Best-
wood, who was well followed by Mr, Blair, of
Trentham. Other exhibitors were Mr. J. Crawford,
Coddington Hall, Newark; Mr. Ward, and Mr.
Shaw.

The vegetables were of superior quality, and
cottagers residing within four miles of the market-
place filled one large tent with very creditable
produce.

"WESTBOURNE and DISTRICT.

August 7 and 8. — This Society held its fifth
annual show of plants, fruits, and flowers in a pasture
field (kindly lent by Lord Wimborne), at Branksome
Deane, within half-an-hour's walk of Bournemouth.

The exhibits were arranged in four large tents.
Mr. William Earp, gr. to J. S. Sellon, Esq., Hume
Towers, Bournemouth ; Mr. G. Roberts, gr. to Mrs.
M. Smedley ; Mr. C. Phillips, gr. to T. J. Hankinson,
Esq. ; and Mr. Taylor, gr. to R. J. Ellershaw, Esq.,
all of Bournemouth and district, were the most suc-
cessful exhibitors in the various classes. And Messrs.
Watts & Sons, The Palace Nurseries, Bournemouth,
and Mr. J. K. Ingram, Parkstone Nursery, contributed
very effectively arranged groups of plants, not for
competition, which commanded great attention.

Mr. Bush, gr. to Lord Wimborne, Branksome
Deane, had the best arranged group of plants, the
space covered not to exceed 60 feet. The plants em-
ployed were very suitable well-grown stuff, and taste-
fully arranged.

Cut flowers were not extensively shown, but on
the whole they were good ; especially the stands of
double Dahlias, which deservedly secured an easy
victory for Mr. Elsworth, who also had 1st for a
stand of twelve Roses ; Miss E. A. Watkins securing
a like award for a hand bouquet. Bunches of Pelar-
goniums and several stands of Asters were shown in
good form.

Fruit. — The competition in the fruit classes was not
so keen as we should have liked to have seen it, but
the quality, on the whole, was very good. Mr. G.
Roberts had the best two bunches of Black Ham-
burgh Grapes. Mr. Earp leading with fairly good
bunches of Chasselas Musque in the white Grape
class. He was also 1st for a collection of six kinds
of fruit, showing Black Hamburgh Grapes, George
IV. Peach, Brown Turkey Figs, Jargonelle Pears,
Paradise Melon and Cherries, all of good quality.
Mr. Greenaway, gr. to J. B. Scott, Esq., had the best
flavoured Melon in a good specimen of Sutton's Hero
of Lockinge.

Vegetables were well represented ; three good col-
lections of six sorts were staged. Mr. Earp led the
way with a good all-round lot, his Veitch's Per-
fection Tomato and Gladiator Peas being excellent.
Special prizes offered by Messrs. Sutton & Sons for
their Reading Perfection Tomato went to Messrs.
Earp, Bush, and Andrews, gr. to M. Coates, Esq.,
Bath Hotel, Bournemouth ; while Mr. C. Phillips
took Messrs. J. Carter & Co.'s prizes for vegetables.

Fruits Under Glass.

a knack of thinning their own fruit, and will only
ripen a correct quantity ; and again, trees have differ-
ent constitutions, and attention to this will give
the cultivator an idea of the powers of all his trees,
and show how heavily they may be cropped. I do not
think really fine fruit can be grown unless they are
12 inches apart, and some trees with large fruit will
not fully develop them at this distance. With this
dull wet weather and cooler night temperature, a
little fire-heat will be necessary to assist ripening.
Do not neglect the watering, but examine both
inside and outside borders, which should not get dry
at any time. Liquid manure with a little soot and
lime washed in will do good, except to gross growing
young trees. Fruit which is ripening must be
exposed to get colour and flavour, and the trees
should be looked over twice a day for gathering.
Later houses in which the crop is swelling and being
kept back as much as possible, should have all the
air possible when fine ; and when cold, during damp
and foggy weather, just a little artificial heat so as
to keep the air moving. In the early mornings of
fine days give a good syringing, taking off any young
side shoots and stopping rank leaders, as it is neces-
sary to have the wood thinly disposed at this time
to allow of perfect ripening. Look out for red-
spider in any of the houses, and, if visible, give a
good syringing with Calvert's carbolic soap. I find
this an excellent and safe remedy for either spider
or thrip. W. Bennett, Bangemorc, Burtnn-on- Trent.

Peaches. — See that all the old bearing wood is
pruned out as soon as the fruit is gathered, very
loosely tying-in the young wood from the base of
the shoot just to keep it from overshadowing its
neighbour, as on the proper ripening of the wood the
next year's crop depends. In fact, the success of
next year depends upon the management of the
trees immediately the present season's fruit is
formed. If too many are allowed to ripen, no after
care will make up for the strain. Some trees have

Scotland.

BOTANY LECTURES FOR THE WORKING

CLASSES.

The first of a series of lectures on botauy — to be
given during the present month to the working
classes by Professor Bayley Balfour, Regius Keeper
of the Royal Botanical Gardens, Edinburgh — was
delivered on Saturday evening in the lecture hall
within the Royal Botanical Gardens. Professor
Bayley Balfour, at the outset of his lecture, explained
that the Government having arranged to keep those
gardens in its own hands, to manage and maintain
as a place for scientific research, and at the same
time for the public enjoyment, he thought it there-
fore might be considered part of his duty to give
such lectures. In announcing the subject of his
lecture that evening as " Fruits and Seeds," he said
that in dealing with an audience like that before
him, it would be better if he approached it from a
popular and elementary point of view. Beginning
his lecture, he said, the first question was, " What
is a seed ? " In looking at all natural objects,
one naturally required to find out what their struc-
ture was, and after knowing that, a very impontant
question presented itself, what do they do, and what
are they for? The lecturer then proceeded to
explain the difference in the structure of the
different varieties of seeds. Regarding their use, he
stated that each seed contained an embryo plant,
and the seed was for the perpetuation or propagation
of the plant. Eich plant produced a number of
seeds,. and these seeds gave rise to plants like the
parents, but to a certain extent varying in their
characteristics from their parents. This propagation
by seed was a very important one in connection with
the life-history of plants, and their development on
the surface of the globe. The seed, containing the
embryo plant, was to be scattered in some way or
other over the surface of the earth by means of
birds and other forms of animal life, and also
by the wind. It was manifest, he said, that if
the seeds of a plant simply fell immediately
below the plant that produced them there would be
no possibility of the plant spreading and occupying
a wide area on the face of the earth. In the second
portion of his lecture, dealing with fruits, the lecturer
said that whatever might be its form, shape, or charac-
ter, that which contained the seed was spoken of as a
fruit. Many structures that were spoken of in common
language as fruits were in reality seeds, while others
spoken of as seeds were in reality fruits. Roughly
speaking, fruits were divided into two classes, succu-
lent and dry. He drew attention to the fact that the

bright coloured skin of many fruits was provided in
order to attract birds. The characteristics of the
principal fruits were entered fully into, their structure
being elucidated by the use of a number of diagrams
and large-sized models. There was an attendance of
about 200 persons.

Tbee Geowing in Towns.

At one of the monthly meetings of the members
of the North of Scotland Horticultural Association,.
Aberdeen, an interesting paper on " Trees suit-
able for growing in Towns," was read by Mr. Robert
Walker, gardener, Victoria Park, Aberdeen. The
best of all trees for European towns was the Western
Plane. [Acerifolia is meant, the Western Plane is
much too tender. Ed.] It was a noble- city tree,
and nowhere were there finer individual specimens
to be seen than in London. There were the
common Sycamore, the purple-leaved Sycamore,
and the Rose Acacia, all specially suitable.
Other trees were mentioned, such as the purple-
leaved Elm, the pyramidal variety of the Oak, the
American broad-leaved Lime, and the Poplar-leaved
Birch, all of which had particular qualities to recom-
mend them for streets and avenues. The Hawthorn
family generally furnished great numbers af hardy
ornamental dwarf trees. The extensive use of
Limes, Horse Chestnuts, Lombardy Poplar, and
Beech trees in towns was a mistake. At the end of
July the .Limes were often the most miserable-
looking trees that could be seen, and that in the
midst of summer. The writer then treated of the
soils most suitable for trees of the kinds he suggested,

Variorum.

Japanese Timber.— The best building timber, \
at the same time hard, tough, and durable, is Zel-
kowa Keaki, Sieb., but in consequence of the high
price it is used mostly for joiners' work. For the
same reason the greatly prized Pine-woods also, like
Chamajcyparis obtusa, Endl., and its kindred, Abies >
tsuga, S. and Z., Larix leptolepis, Gord., Taxus cus-
pidata, S. and Z., are not used in house-building, as
their excellence would warrant, but serve the pur-
poses of decoration in the more expensive dwellings.
The usual building-wood for houses is furnished by
the quick-growing Cryptomeria japonica, Don., also
by Abies firma, S. and Z., or by a still cheaper and
much-prized wood having many varieties, Pinus
densiflora, S. and Z., and P. Massonia, Lamb., used
also largely in bridge building, for which the more
brittle Sugi-wood is less adapted. Bein, Industries of
Japan.

Madras Forest Department. — From the
annual report presented to Government we learn
that the year 1887 — 88 completes the first quinquen-
nium since the reorganisation, which was initiated
by the visit of Dr. (now Sir Dietrich) Brandis, and
the passing of the Forest Act in 1882, but did not
come fully into operation until 1883 — 84. During
this period of five years the area under the control of
the Forest Department increased from 2,794 to
17,006 square miles, of which 2,998 were formally
reserved, while over a great portion of the remainder
conservation was nearly as strict as in the case of
reserved forests. It is evident, too, that this con-
trol was something more than nominal, for the
revenue derived from forests has risen from
Rs. 9,03,914 to Rs. 13,74,920. Sir Dietrich Brandis
estimated the receipts at Rs. 9,00,000 per annum for
the first five years, and he put the charges at the
same figure, but instead of merely paying its way,
the department has, during the period in question,
earned a net income, aggregating Rs. 10,66,316.

The Sphincter Universal Wire Mat.—

This is a strong, serviceable wire mat, recently
introduced by the Sphincter Grip Armoured Hose
Co., 63, Fore Street, London, E.G., and consists of
a number of coils of the Sphincter grip armour
locked together, and bounded by a tubular frame of
steel ; it is light, and allows easy passage of the
dirt,

August 17, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

199

Markets.

♦ '

COVENT GARDEN, August 15.

rWe cannot accept any editorial responsibility for the subjoined
reports, which, however, are furnished to us regularly
every Thursday, by the kindness of several of the principal
salesmen, who revise the list, and who are responsible for the
quotations. It must be remembered that these quotations
represent averages for the week preceding the date of our
report. The prices depend upon the quality of the samples,
the supply in the market, and they fluctuate, not only
from day to day, but often several times in one day, and
therefore the prices quoted as averages for the past week
must not be taken as indicating the particular prices at
any particular date, and still less can they be taken aa
guidesto the prices in the coming week. Ed.]

Heavy supplies of all classes of goods are now
reaching us, and are only cleared at low rates. Busi-
ness generally dull. James Webber, Wholesale Apple
Market.

-Average Wholesale Prices.

Fbuit.-

i. d. s. d.

i Apples, J-sieve ... 1 6- 5 6

' Grapes, per lb. ... 0 6-26

: Lemons, per case ...12 0-21 0

Peaches, per doz. ... 2 0-80

s. d. s. d.

Pine-apples, Eog., lb. 16-30
— St. Michael, each 2 0-60
Plums, £-sieve ... 2 6-50

Vegetables.— Average Retail Prices.

t. d. s.

0 6- ..
10-2
0 6- ..
0 3- ..
16-2
0 6-0
2 0- ..
0 4- ..
0 4- ..
0 3- ..
16-..

Mushrooms, punnet 2
Mustard and Cress

punnet

Onions, per bunch ..
Parsley, per bunch..
Peas, per quart ...
Shallots, per lb.
Spinach, per bushel..
Tomatos, per lb. ..,
Turnips, per bunch.

new

d. s. c
0- ...

4- ...

5- ...
4- ...
3- ...

6- ...
6- ...

Beans, Fr., per lb. ...
Beet, red, per dozen
Carrots, per bunch...
Cauliflowers, each ...
Celery, per bundle ...
Cucumbers, each ...
Endive, per dozen ...
GreenMint, bunch...
Herbs, per bunch ...
Leeks, per bunch ...
Lettuce, per dozen ...

POTATOS.— Kidneys, 3s. 6d. to 4s. 6d. per cwt. ; Beauty of
Hebron, 35. to 4s. ; Early Rose, 3s. to 3s. 6d. Owing
to harvest operations, supplies were rather short at the
beginning of the week, with slightly advanced prices,
which induced greater efforts to send to market, causing
prices to steady themselves, and may be quoted as last
week. The prospects of supplies reported heavy from all
quarters. /. B. Thomas.

0 5- ...

Plants in Pots.— Average Wholesale Prices.

Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6
Asters, per dozen ... 3
Balsams, doz. ... 2

Begonias, dozen ... 4
Calceolarias, dozen 4
Cockscombs, doz. ... 3
Cyperus, per dozen . 4
Dracsena terminalis,

per dozen 30

— viridis, per doz. 12
Euouymus, in var.,

per dozen 6

Evergreens, in var.,

per dozen 6

Ferns, in var., doz. 4
Foliage plants, vari-
ous, each ... ... 2

Ficus elastica, each . 1

d. s.d.
0-18 0
0-6 0
0-5 0
0-12 0
0-9 0
0-6 0
0-12 0

0-60 0
0-24 0

0-24 0
0-18 0

0-10 0
6-7 0

Fuchsias, dozen ... 3
Hydrangea, per doz. 9
Lilium lancifolium,

per dozen 12

auratum, doz. ...12

i Lobelias, dozen

j Marguerites, doz. ... 6

| Mignonette, doz. ... 3

Musk, dozen ... 2

Nasturtiums, doz. ... 3

Palms in var., each 2

Pelargoniums, per

dozen 6

— Ivy-Leafed, doz. 3

— scarlet, doz. ... 2
Rhodanthe, per doz. 4
Solanums, per dozen 6

d. s.d.
0-8 0
0-18 0

0-24 0
0-30 0
0-5 0
0-12 0
0-6 0
0-4 0.
0-- 5 0
6-21 0

0-12 0
0-4 0
0- 4-0
0-6 0
0-12 0

Cut Flowers.— Average Wholesale Prices.

Abutilons, 12 bun. ...
Asters, Fr., per bun.

— English, per bun.
Bouvardiaa, per bun.
Carnations, 12 bun.

— 12 blooms
Chrysanth., 12 blms.
Coreopsis, 12 bun.
Cornflowers, 12 bun.
Dahlias, 12 bun. ...
Eucharis, per dozen
Gaillardias, 12 bun.
Gardenias, 12 blooms

'Gladioli, 12 bun. ...

— 12 sprays
Heliotropes. 12 spr.
Lavender, 12 bun. ...

'Lilium, various, 12
blooms

Maiden Hair Fern,
12 bun

s.d.s. d.

2 0-40
0 9-16
0 4-06
0 6-09

3 0-60
10-30
0 6-30
10-30
10-30
3 0-60
2 0-40
2 0-40

2 0-40
6 0-12 0
10-16
0 6-10

3 6-60

10-50

4 0-90

Marguerites, 12 bun.
Mignonette. 12 bun.
Pansies, 12 bun.
Pelargoniums, 12 spr.

— scarlet, 12 spr....
Pinks (var.), 12 bun.
Primulas, double, 12

sprays

Rhodanthe, 12 bun.
Roses, Tea, per doz.

— coloured, dozen.

— red, per dozen ...

— Safrano, dozen...
Stephanotis, 12 spr.
Stock, 12 bunches ...
Sunflowers, various,

per 12 bun.
Sweet Sultan, 12 bun.
Sweet Peas, 12 bun.
Tuberoses, 12 blms....

s. d. s. d.

3 0-60
10-40
10-20
0 6-10
0 3-06
2 0-40

0 9-10

4 0-60
0 6-16
2 0-40
0 4-10
0 6-10

2 0-40

3 0-60

3 0-60
3 0-40
2 0-40
0 4-10

Orchid bloom in variety, fairly good supply.

CORN.

Averages. — Official statement showing the average
price of British corn, imperial measure, in the
waek ended August 10: — Wheat, 30s. lid.; Barley,
19s. KM. ; Oats, 19s. 5d. For the corresponding
week" in 1888 :— Wheat, 34s. Qd. ; Barley, 24s. 9d. ■
Oats, ISs.

SEEDS.

London : Aug. 14. — Messrs. John Shaw & Sons,
seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane, E.C., report a
fair trade doing in, autumn-sown seeds. There is a
brisk inquiry for Trifolium incarnatum, and a further
advance has now been established ; supplies on spot
' barely meet the demand. Low prices are asked for

new French Italian and Trefoil. White Mustard
continues in favour. For Hemp seed there is a
better trade. Canary is quite neglected. Several
parcels of Rape seed have lately changed hands. Bye
is now offered at phenominaliy low rates. Winter
Tares are also very cheap.

FRUITS AND VECJETABI.ES.

Spitalfields : Aug. 14. — English Apples, 4s. to 7s.
per bushel ; Fears, 4s. to 6s. per half-sieve ; Black
Currants, 7s. do. ; Red Currants, 3s. 6d. to 4s. do. ;
Egg Plums, 3s. to 4s. do. ; Victoria Plums, 3s. to
3s. 6d. do. ; Orleans Plums, 6s. to 7s. do. ; Green
Gages, 3s. 6d. to 4s. do. ; do., 2s. to 2s. 6d. per flat ;
English Tomatos, 4s. to 6s. per 12 lb. ; foreign
Tomatos, 9d. to 2s. 6d. per box; Cabbages, 2s. to
4s. per tally ; Vegetable Marrows, 2s. to 3s. do. ;
Radishes, 2s. to 3s. do. ;' Cauliflowers, Is. to 2s. Gd.
per dozen ; French Beans, Is. 9d. to 2s. 6d. per
bushel ; Scarlet Beans, Is. to 2s. do. ; Peas, 2s. 6d.
to 3s. do. ; do., in sacks, 2s. Gd. to 5s. per sack ;
Onions, 2s. to 2s. Gd. per dozen bunches ; Turnips,
2s. to 3s. do. ; Carrots, Is. Gd. to 2s. do. ; Endive, Is.
to Is. Gd. do. ; Cos Lettuce, id. to 9d. per score ;
Leeks, Is. Gd. to 2s. Gd. per dozen ; Mustard and
Cress, Is. to Is. Gd. per dozen baskets ; Parsley, Is.
to Is. Gd. per dozen bunches ; frame Cucumbers,
Is. (yd. to 2s. Gd. per dozen ; natural do., id. to 9d. do. ;
English Onions, 4s. to 4s. Gd. per cwt. ; Belgian
Onions, 3s. Gd. to 4s. per bag of 1101b.; Dutch
Onions, 3s. 3d. to 3s. 9d. do. ; Spanish Onions, 6s. 9d.
to 7s. 3d. per case.

Stratford : Aug. 13. — Prices : — Cabbages, 2s. to
4s. per tally ; Cauliflowers, 4s. to 9s. do. ; Turnips,
2s. to 3s. per dozen bunches ; Mangels, 24s. to 25s.
per ton ; Swedes, 50s. to 90s. do. ; Onions, Oportos,
7s. to 8s. per case ; Apples, English, 4s. to 6s. per
bushel ; Watercress, Gel. per dozen ; Marrows, 3s. to
4s. per tally ; Beans, Is. Gd. to 2s. per bushel ; Gages,
Is. 9d. to 3s. do. ; Plums, 2s. Gd. to 3s. per basket ;
Tomatos, 2s. 3d. to 2s. 9d. per box ; English Pears,
4s. to 6s. per bushel.

POTATOS.

Borough and Spitalfields, Aug. 13. — Supplies
are moderate, but the demand is slack. Early Rose,
65s. to 80s. ; Regents, 70s. to 90s. ; Myatt's, 70s. to
100s. ; Hebrons, 70s. to 90s. per ton.

Spitalfields : Aug. 14. — Quotations : — Early
Rose, 70s. to 80s. ; Hebrons, 80s. to 95s. ; Imperators,
70s. to 75s. ; Regents, 80s. to 100s. ; Myatt's kidneys,
75s. to 85s. ; Magnums, 70s. to 80s. per ton.

Stratford : Aug. 13. — Quotations : — Kidneys, 50s.
to 70s. ; Regents, 60s. to 80s. ; Hebrons, 60s. to 80s.
per ton.

HAY.

Averages. — The following are the averages of the
prices obtained at the various metropolitan markets
during the past week :— Prime 1887 Clover, 120s.
to 140s.; new, 85s.'to 110s.; inferior, 45s. to 75s.;
best hay, 75s. to 105s. ; inferior, 36s. to 50s. ; straw,
24s. to 40s. per load.

The Weather.

THE PAST WEEK.

The following summary record of the weather for
the week ending August 12, is furnished from the
Meteorological Office : —

" The weather has been exceedingly cool, change-
able, and unsettled. Thunderstorms have occurred
in all but the extreme northern parts of the king-
dom— frequently in the east and north of England—
and heavy local falls of rain have been experienced
in nearly all districts.

" The Temperature has been everywhere below the
mean, the excess ranging from 1° in Scotland and
the north-east of England, to as much as 4° in
' England, E,' and the ' Midland Counties.' The
daily maxima were as a rule below 70° in all dis-
tricts, and frequently below 60° at our extreme
northern and north-western stations. The highest
readings were observed on the 7th and 8th, when the
thermometer rose to between 65° and 69° in Ireland
and Scotland, and to a little above 70° in many of
the English districts. The lowest readings, which
were registered at irregular times, ranged from 3!l° in
' Scotland, N.' and the ' Midland Counties,' to 45° in

'England, E.' and 'England, S.,' to 50° in the
' Channel Istands.'

" The rainfall has been less than the mean in
'Scotland, N.' and the ' Channel Islands,' and about
equal to it in ' Scotland, W.' and ' England, S.W.,'
but more in all other districts. In the eastern parts
of Great Britain, where thunder has been very pre-
valent, the excess has been considerable.

"Bright sunshine has been more prevalent than
last week in ' England, S.W.,' and the ' Channel
Islands,' but less so in all other districts. The per-
centages of the possible amount of duration has
ranged from 13 in ' England, N.E.,' to 40 in ' Eng-
land, S.,' 49 in 'England, S.W.,' and 5 in the
' Channel Islands.' "

[By the term "accumulated temperature " is meant a figure
representing the aggregate amount, as well as the dura-
tion, of the excess or defect of temperature above or below
42° Fahr. for the period named ; and this combined result
is explained in Day-degrees — a " Day-degree " signifying
1° continued for twenty-four hours, or any other number
of degrees for an inversely proportional number of hours.]

Temperature.

Rainfall.

Bright
Sira.

4)
-3 be

+J a

Accumulated.

a
*~> a,

j^2

<0 ©

TV*

1 Q,

3 „

'5> <~i

2 Su
a < a

S.aa S b »

a « 28 a '■ # '

s *

>"3

i-S

+ o

* s

> crj
O 4>

■4

=■■3

T3 S" i:SH

+ V

H
O

'to

u o
be—

i a

0, -t3

sea

a e

< ,M

PL|

Day-

lOths

In.

deg.

Inch.

l —

+ 213

+ 4

3 —

148

22.1

l —

+ 63

+ 5

7 +

119

16.0

l —

106

+ 49

+ 7

9 +

110

14.5

4 —

111

+ 19

+ 112

7 +

117

16.1

4 —

101

+ 14

+ 60

3 +

109

18.4

3 —

113

+ 61 + 75

2 +

114

14.9

1 —

+ 92— 23

Oav.

123

23.0

3 —

105

+ 74

— 1

2 +

114

17.7

3 —

106

— 13

+ 88

Oav.

114

20.4

3 —

+ 43— 53

5 +

137

21.5

2 —

106

+ 11 — 14

4 +

125

20.7

124

+ 98— 16

1 —

120

15.9

The districts indicated by number in the first column are
the following : —

Principal Wheat-producing Districts — 1, Scotland, N. ;

2, Scotland, E. ; 3, Eugland, N.E. ; 4, England, E. ;

5, Midland Counties; 6, England, S.
Principal Grazing, £c, Districts — 1, Scotland, W. ; 8,

England, N.W.; 9, England. S.W. ; 10, Ireland, N.;

11, Ireland, S. ; 12, Channel Islands.

Enquiries.

" He that questioneth much shall learn much."— Bacon.

Cloches.— Where can I get the cloches so largely
used in market gardens? They used to be adver-
tised in the Gardeners' Chronicle, but are not now. -V.

Notices to Correspondents.

— — • —

Causations Diseased : E.J. Your plants are attacked
by a fungus called Helmintbosporiumechinulatum,
of which an illustration is now appended (fig. 28,
p. 195). The disease was fully described in our
issue for August 13, 1886. All diseased leaves
must be removed and burnt at once. Sulphuring
will do no good.

Cherky Leaves : Florence. Evidently the work of
the larva of some saw-fly.

Dahlia : Gardener, and X. H. It is not uncommon
to see two flowers joined together as in your
specimen.

Dahlia Exhibiting: 5. If the wording be "48
Dahlias, double, distinct," with no qualification,
we are inclined to say that Cactus varieties should
not disqualify; the Committee should decide, as
they are responsible for the sche'dule.

Grapes: J. C. G. Muscat of Alexandria and Bo-
wood Muscat are not distinct, and collections con-

200

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 17, 1889.

taining these two varieties, as such, have more
than once been disqualified at metropolitan shows.

Lily Fasciated : J. C. 4' S. By no means uncom-
mon ; more remarkable cases have been figured in
our columns.

Names of Fruit : C. J. N., Loughgull. Apple, Cal-
ville St. Sauveur.

Names of Plants: E. T. 1, Convolvulus altheoides;

2, Lysimachia vulgaris ; 3, not recognised. —
E. I). L. 1 and 2, Erica tetralix ; 3, the green
Rose (R. bengalensis var.) ; 4, Lonicera fiexuosa,
golden var. ; 5, Eryngium giganteum ; 6, Kubus
8p. ; 7, Funckia lancifolia; 8, Thymus carnosus ;
'J, Zygadenus glaucus ; 10, Hypericum a»drosae-
mum ; 11, Aster hcvis. — G. P. 1, Mentha Pule-
gium variegata; 2, Bidens tripartita. — W. P. 2,
Muhlenbeckia complexa; 3, Polygonum cnspida-
tum ; the others we cannot name without flower9.
— D. W. A common variety of Impatiens Koylei.
— C. if., Epsom. Leycesteria formosa. — H. J. G.
1, Sptrjea Douglasi ; 2, LycestPria formosa; 3,
Desmodium penduliflorum ; 4, Tamarix gallics ;
5, Cryptomeria elegans ; (3. probably Passiflora
Kaddiana (flowers should be sent.) — G. M. 1,
Gymnogramma ochracea ; 2, Blechnum brasiliense ;

3, Cibotium princeps ; 4, Adiantura trapeziforme ;
5, Polypodium aureum ; 6, Tabernpemontana
coronaria, fl.-pl. — E. P. D. Bocconia frutescens.
— J. F. D. Euphorbia Lathyris.— G. W. B. Adian-
tum mundulum, probably dwarfed by cutting over,
and by conditions of culture.

Pansies : M. C. Next week.

Papaver beacteatum : 0. W. 1). A not uncommon
malformation, in which the stamens are repre-
sented by carpels.

Phormium tenax : if. A. It is very doubtful whe-
ther New Zealand Hemp as a crop would pay in
this country, taking into consideration the great
difficulties to overcome in properly cleaning the
fibre and making it marketable, also the long time
required for the plant to mature. So long ago as
1822 a company was established for its cultiva-
tion in the South of Ireland, but slow growth of
the plant caused the project to be abandoned.

Raspberry : T. F. The flavour is of good quality,
and the canes strong. We cannot say whether it
is distinct or not.

Seedling Dahlia : W, W. Your flowers are too
near Victoria to be worth keeping ; the variety
named is richer in colour.

Spi.ea in the Parks : if. IV. Probably S. Lindley-
ana.

Tobacco Curing : Sigma. You had better consult
English Tubacco Culture, by E. J. Beale (London :
E. Marlborough & Co.), price 5s. The process
is too lengthy to be described here.

Verbenas Diseased : P. B. We know of no certain
cure. Have you tried the application of sulphur ?

Vines : J. Mel. Your Grapes are attacked by the
grub of Tortrix angustiorana, figured in our
columns for October 21, 1882, p. 524. You must
keep a sharp look-out for attacked berries, which
should be removed and burnt.

White Lily : M. C. Nothing unusual.

CATALOGUES RECEIVED.

Thomas Horsman, 102, Godwin Street, Bradford —

Dutch Bulbs.
Dicksons & Co., 1, Waterloo Place, Edinburgh —

Flower Roots.
Armitage Brothers, High Street, Nottingham —

Flower Roots.
Jas. M. Thorburn & Co., 15, John Street, New

York, U.S.A. — Seeds of American Trees and

Shrubs.
Jas. Veitch & Son, Royal Exotic Nursery, King's

Road, Chelsea, S.W.— Bulbs.
John Laing & Sons, Forest Hill, London, S.E. —

Bulbous Roots.
Thos. Methven & Sons, 15, Princes Street, Edin-
burgh, N.B.— Bulbs.

Communications Rcckiveu.— W. H. T., Norwich. (Photos
with many thanks'.— W. B., (Pamphlet with thanks) — H.
J. Ross, Florence.— W. R. H.— P. G — W. N.— 3. B.— J. A.
— W. S.— J. D.— A. G. F — E. J.— Webb & Sons.— N. E. R.
— W. D.— E. Spoouer, New Z-aland.— J. OB.— C. M.— W.
B. H.— F. C. Heinemann. Erfurt.— T. Meeham. Philadelphia.
R. B. & Co.-J. A.— W. H.— A. V. G., Ghent.— J. A.—
Hardy.— M. C.

LEMON OIL INSECTICIDE.—
The best of all preparations for easily, cheaply, and
effectually cleaning Plants from Green-fly, Thrip Scale, Bug,
&c. Follow the directions, and you will always use it.

Pint, Is. tW. ; quart. 2s. Qd. ; £ gallon, 5s. ; 1 gallon, 9s. ; 4
gallons, 34s. Ask your seedsman for it, or apply io

WM. CLIBItAN and SON, Oldtield Nursery, Altrincham;
10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.

Sold in Packets, 6d. and Is. each, and in

SEALED BAGS ONLY,

7 1b, 14 1b. 28 1b. 56 1b.

1 cwt.

2/6 4/6 7/6 12/6 20/-

CLAY & LEVESLEY,

TEMPLE MILL LANE,
STRATFORD, LONDON, E.

C. & L. alsosupply Crushed Bones, Bone Dust, Peruvian Guano,
Sulphate of Ammonia, and Nitrate of Soda, inbestqualitiesonly.

Complete Satisfaction Guaranteed

To all using preparations bearing our Trade Mark in
accordance with our directions. Refute Imitations.

THE "SWIFT & SURE" INSECTICIDE.
Bottles, 1/6 & 3/6; gall., 10/6; 4 galls., ail/

"PERFECT" WEED KILLER.-Gallon, 2/;

5 gul., 1/9, 10 gal., 1/6, 40 gal.. 1/4 p. gal.

"PERFECT WORM DESTROYER-

Bottles.l/Oi: 3/6; gal., 7/6; it gal., 5/ p. gal.

jSS-O&f.

•PERFECT' MILDEW DESTROYER-

Bottles, 1/ A 2/; gal., 8/; 5 gal., 5/ p. gal.

WITHOUT WHICH
NONE AHE GENUINE.

"PERFECT" HORTICULTURAL SUMMER SHADING -

Tins— 1 lb., 1/; 2 lbs., 2/; 6 lbs., 5/.

Are absolutely Unsurpassed for Cheapness
and Efficiency Combined.
Used at Kew Gardens, Royal Horticultural Gardens, <Lc.
Single bottles post free at published prices from the manu-
facturers. Special quotations for quantities.
Sole Manufacturers: The

Horticultural & Agricultural Chemical Co.

Principal Agents: BLACKLEY, YOUNG & CO.,
103 HOLM STREET, GLAS30W.

SOLD BY SEEDSMEN AND FLORISTS.

SAVE HALF THE COST.

GARSIDE'S —
~w- SILVER SAND

Is admitted by the leading Nurserymen to be the Best
Quality obtainable in the Trade.

Apply direct to the proprietor for Samples and Price.

Free on Rail or Canal. All Orders executed with the utmost
promptness and under personal supervision. Special Rail-
way Rates in force to all parts.
GEO. GARSIDE. Jun., F.R.H.S., Lelghton Buzzard, Beds.

CARSON'S PAINT

Patronised by 16,000 of the Nobility, Gentry,
and Clergy, for all kinds of

OUTDOOR WORK, CONSERVATORIES,

Greenhouses. Frames, Ac.

1 Cwt., and Oil Mixture, Free to all Stations.

Liquid Non-Poisonous Paints for Inside of Conservatories, &c.
Prices, Patterns, and Testimonials, Post-free.

For Green and Black Fly, American Blight, Camellia

Scale, Red Spider. Mealy Bug, Brown and White Scale,
Worms, Wood Lice, &c.

^ D T P D C M A " THE UNIVERSAL
ST 1 \J ti Ei i\ J\ 5 INSECTICIDE.

SAFE— ECONOMICAL— EFFECTUAL.
15, Princks Street, Edinburgh. July 15, 1887.— "Dear
Sirs, I have thoroughly tested a sample of a new Insecticide
which you were so good to sent me. At the rate of 1 oz. to a
gallon of water at a temperature of 95° I rind it kill- Green
Fly immediately. Double this strength, or 2 oz. to a gallon at
120°, seals the fate of Scale of all sorts in a few seconds;
while 3 oz. to gallon at same temperature effectually dissolves
Mealy Bug, and so far as I have yet observed, without the
slightest injury to leaf or flower, and it is withal a most
agreeable compound to work with. All our insect remedies
are applied through common syringe, or garden engine, a much
severer test of efficiency than when applied by hand-washing
or tpray.-— I remain, dear sirs, yours truly. (Signed) A.
MACKENZIE," of Messrs. Methven & Sons.

Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper Holloway, London,
January 7, 1888. "Gentlemen— I have given your Insecti-
cide, * Picrena,' a good trial in competition with many others.
I am pleased to say that I have found it to be more effectual
in destroying Mealy Bug and other insects than anything we
have ever used. It ought to command a good sale. (Signed)
B. S. WILLIAMS."

Sold by Chemists, Nursery m'en, and Florists,
in Bottles at Is. 6d., 2s. Qd., and 3s, 6d. ; in Tins (1 and 2
gallons), 10s. 6d. and 20s. each ; in quantities of 5 gallons and
upwards, 9s. per gallon.

Prevared only by

DUNCAN, FLOCKHART & CO., Chemists to the Queen,
Edinburgh.

May be had from B. S. WILLIAMS, Victoria and Paradise
Nurseries, Upper Holloway, London ; and from

WILLIAM EDWARDS and SON, 157, Queen Victoria
Street, London.

p ENUINE GARDEN REQUISITES,

\3~ as supplied to Royal Gardens, &e.

SPECIALITE TOBACCO PAPER, the best aud strongest in
the market, lOrf. per lb.. 28 lbs. for 21s.

SELECT ORCHID PEAT. Ss. per sack, 5 for 35'.

SOILS and MANURES of finest quality, and GENERAL
SUNDRIES. Price list free.

W. HERBERT and Co., Hop Exchange Warehouses, South-
ward Street, London, S.E.

ORCHID PEAT, best quality-; BROWN
FIBROUS PEAT for Stove and Greenhouse use. RHO-
DODENDRON and AZALEA PEAT. Samples and Prices to
WALKER AND CO.. Farnborough, Hants.

Blight-Blight— Aphis and Blight.

TUCKER'S EUCALYPTUS DISINFECT-
ANT FLUID Destroys these Pests. Is. and 2s. a Bottle.
J. TUCKER AND CO.. 51, Paddington Street. Lordon. W.

GISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading
Gardeners since 1859 against Red Spider, Mildew,
Thrips, Green Fly, and other Blight. 1 to 2 ounces to the
gallon of soft-water ; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines
and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake against
American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended
to supersede it. Boxes. Is., 3s. , and 10s. <od. '

GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on
wet ground. Boxes, id. and Is., from the Trade.
Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY
(Limited). London.

Telescopic Ladders.
Telescopic Steps-
"^*-5£-i Telescopic Trestles.

5 Convertible Ladder Steps.
\ Universal Step Ladders-
Turnover Step Ladders.
Folding Pole Ladders.
Lattice Steps, very light.
Umpire's Step Chaira.

Great variety of design*
and sizes. S.zes oft. to 60/r.
Order direct, carriage paid.
Price Lists free.

HEATHMAN & CO,

2, ENDELL STREET ; and
11, HIGH STREET,

LONDON, W.C.

LA RBLLB SAUVAGE TARD, LUDGATB HILL, E.C.
BACHELOR'S WALK, DUBLIN.— Discount for Cash.

BE D S T E A D S. — For the use of
Domestic Servants, Children, and Institutions, we
sold during 1888. of our D design BEDSTEADS aud WOODS'
PATENT WOVEN STEEL WIRE MATTRESSES combined,
3200. Carriage paid to any Railway Station. Liberal Dis-
count Send for a " Book of French and Persian Designs." to
THE LONGFORD W1KE CiJ, (Limited), Warrington.

August 17, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

201

ORCHID BASKETS,
RAFTS, BOATS, AND CYLINDERS,

AND ALL GARDEN SUNDRIES.

SEND FOB A

PRICE LIST

from the Largest Manufacturer in the Trade,

H. G. SMYTH,

21, GOLDSMITH STREET,

DRURY LANE. W.C.

HILL & SMITH,

BRIERLEY HILL, NEAR DUDLEY,

AKD AT 118, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, E.C.

IRON FENCING, HURDLES, CATES, &c.

IRON ROOFING AND HAY BARNS.

Special Estimates given for Large Contracts in Fencing,
Hoofing, &c. Personal Surveys of Estates made, and practical
^ advice given as to the best and most economical Fences to put
- down.

Illustrated Catalogues Free by Post.

cartfLGGt/f.

/394*°/4/ C/7A//VO/V S r LO/VO O/V. E. C .

21-oz. and 15-OZ. Foreign, of above sizes, in boxes of 100 feet

and 200 feet super.
English Glass, cut to buyers' sizes, at lowest prices, delivered

free and sound in the country, in quantity.

"HORTICULTURAL PUTTY." Own Special Manufacture.

GEORGE FARMILOE & SONS,

Lead, Glass, Oil, and Colour Merchants,

84, St. John Street, West Smithfleld, London, E.C.

Stock Lists and Prices on application. Please quote Chronicle.

To Nurserymen, Seed Merchants, and Florists.

JBLACKHUUN and SONS are offering Arch-
• angel Mats lower than any other house in the trade; also
[ Petersburg Mats, and Mat Hag-*, Hatha Fibre, Tobacco Paper,
| and Shading. Prices free.— 4 and 5. Wormwood Street. E.C.

r^^HDEN KEQUISITES. — Stioks, Labels,

* ^ Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustio Work
- Manures. Sec. Cheapest Prices of
* WATSuN and SCULL, 90, Lower Thame* Street, Loodon.E.O.

HOS. W. ROBINSON,

Dennis Park Ironworks, Stourbridge.

4-in. Expansion Joint Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4s. 3d. each ;

4-in. Socket Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4s. <bd. each.

Illustrated revised Price List on application, free.

RICHARDSON'S

HORTICULTURAL

BUILDINGS

Fixed in any part of the Kingdom with
Hot- water Apparatus complete.

CATALOGUE

FREE.

Best Work
guaranteed, and
at Lowest Prices.

NORTH OF ENGLAND

HORTICULTURAL WORKS,

DARLINGTON

B0U LION & PAUL,

HORTICULTURAL
BUILDERS,

NORWICH.

No. 75.— MELON & CUCUMBER FRAMES

A large stock of the Frames ready, made of the moat durable
red deal, and are the best to be had. The Frames are of 1£ inch
boards, 24 inches high at back, aud 13 inches high in front,
bolted at the corners, easily taken to pieces if required. The
Lights are 2 inches thick, with iron bar across, and one handle
at the top. Glazed with best English 21-07.. glass, and painted
four coats.

Length. Width.
4 ft. by 6 ft.-j

8 „ by 6
by (j
br (3
by 6
by 6

1 Light Frame,
3

3 „

i „

5 „

6 „

12
16
20
24

Cash

Prices,

Carriage

ant

Packing

FREE.

0 0

3 0 0

4 5 0

5 10 0

6 15 0
8 0 0

CARRIAGE paid to any station in England and Wales.
Also to Dublin, Cork, Londonderry, Glasgow, and Edin-
burgh, or stations equivalent.

CATALOGUES POST FREE.

GLASS. CHEAP GLASS.

8a. 6d. per 100 feet 15 oi. 12 x 10. 13 X 12, 18 x 14, 24 x 14,
14x12. 20x12, 18xlfl, 24x16.
128. per 100 feet 21 oz. ... 16 k 12. 16 X 14, 20 X 16, 24 X 18, &0.

All kinds of PAINTS at verv low prices.
FLOORING at ~s. M. per square ; MATCHING at 5?. 9rf. ;
8x9at2itf. per foot run; 2X4 at (d ; MOULDINGS, 1RON-
MONGEKY, &c, Catalogues on application to

THE CHEAP WOOD COMPANY, 7.', Bishopsgate Street
Within, London, E.C.

HORTICULTURAL

A Large Stock r\ T k Q Q

always on Hand. \JT JL A. >0 ij .

Special quotations for quantities.

WHITE LEAD, OILS, AND COLOURS

At lowest possible prices.

NICH0LLS& CLARKE,

6, HIGH STREET, SHOREDITCH,

LONDON, E.

CHEAP FRAMES.

£ s.

2 0

Packing

2 10

Cases >

4 7

FREE.

3 10

5 17

PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES.

6 feet long, 3 feet wide

6 feet „ 4 feet ,,
12 feet „ 4 feet „

6 feet „ 5 feet „
V2 feet „ 5 feet ,.

Larger sizes at proportionate prices.

R. HALLIDAY & CO.,

Hothouse Builders rind Engineers, Royal Horticultural Works,

Middleton, Manchester.

London Agent— Mr. H. Skelton, Seedsman, &c. 2 Hollowav
Road. N.

1^ ^jasTboyd&sons,

Horticultural Builders
and Heating Engineers,

PAISLEY.

HORTICULTURAL
STRUCTURES

of every description,

in either Wood or Iron,

or both combined.

Wooden Chapels,

Shooting Lodges, Cottages,

Tennis Courts, Verandahs, &q.

Hot-water Apparatus

for warming Churches,

Schools, Public Buildings,

Mansions, Harness Rooms,

Drying Rooms, Hothouses, and

Buildings of every Description,

Illustrated Circulars
Post-free.

Complete^atalogue, 3a.

BECKETT BROS.,

CHELMSFORD.

Thoroughly Practicnl Hothouse Builders and Heating Engineers.
Gla-whouses of every description, in Wood or Iron, erected in
any part of the kingdom. First-class workmanship and the
very best materials at the lowest possible prices.

Price Lists, Plans, and Estimates Fn-e.

202

THE GABDENEBS1 CHRONICLE.

[AooffsT 17, 1889.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

Scale of Charges for Advertising.

Head Line charged as two.

4 Lines ..£030 15 Lines

« „

6 „

7 „

8 „

9 ..
10 „

" .,

12 „

13 „

14 ,,

AND SIXPENCE FOR EVERY ADDITIONAL LINE.

If set across two Columns, the lowest charge will be 20*.

If set across three Columns the lowest charge will be 30*.

Page, £8; Half Page, £4 10s. ; Column. £3.

£0 8

0 9

0 10

0 11

0 12

0 13

Gardeners and others Wanting Situations.

26 words, including name and address, Is, 6d.,

and 6d. for every additional line (about 9 words) or part

of a line.

THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE PREPAID.

This scale does not apply to announcements of Vacant
Situations, which are charged at the ordinary scale.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.— Advertisers are cautioned
against having Letters addressed to Initials at Post-offices, as
all Letters so addressed are opened by the authorities and
returned to the sender.

Births, Deaths and Marriages, 5s. each insertion,

Advertisements for the current week must reach the Office by

Thursday noon.

All Subscriptions Payable in Advance.

The United Kingdom : 12 Months, 15s. ; 6 Months,

7S. 6d. ; 3 Months, 33. 9d.

Foreign (excepting India and China); including Postage,

17S. 6d. for 12 Months; India and China, 193. 6d.

Po^t Office Orders to be made payable at the Post OluVe,

42, DRURY LANE. W.C, to W. Richards.

Publishing Office and Office for Advertisements,
41, Wellington Street, Strand. London, W.C.

QIX CABINET PORTRAITS, 3s.; three for 2s.

O Twelve Carte Portraits, 2s. 2d ; six for Is. Ad. Eighth
inch Enlargement, 3s.; three for 6s. Send Carte or Cabinet
and Postal Order, and you will promptly receive Highly-
finished Copies, with Original.

FRANCIS and CO., 29, Ludgate Hill, London, E.C.

SAVE YOUR FIRE

and keep a fixed temperature under glass, by using
"FRIGI DOMO," made of prepared hair and
wool : a perfect non-conductor of cold.

PROTECT your PLANTS

FRIGI DOMO

rxtGISTERED ■ Wm trade MAF

F£)R PRICE LIST &. PARTICULARS ADDREE

RENJAMINPDGINGTON

SJ 2 Duke S^LA London Br/dge

estate sales.

The Best County Medium for Advertising Sales of Estates is

THE "WORCESTER HERALD,"

Sales of Stick and Agricultural Effects.

The " WORCESTER HERALD " is the most effective organ
for giving publicity to announcements of this class. It is the
leading Agricultural Paper in the County, and Circulates
most extensively among Agriculturists in and around
Worcestershire.

Farms to Let.

Situations Vacant and Wanted.

For producing results the "WORCESTER HERALD" is
recognised as a specially good medium. Cheap Rates.
Apply for terms.
SPECIMEN FREE. Price 2d.
Published Friday for Saturday.

OrFlCES : — 72, HIGH STREET, WORCESTER.

MADE WITH BOILING WATER.

E P P S ' S

GRATEFUL- COMFORTING.

COCOA

MADE WITH BOILING MILK.

YOUNG LADIES who WANT TO BE
INDEPENDENT, and make their own way in the world,
should write for a Prospectus of the SCIENTIFIC DRESS
CUTTING ASSOCIATION, 272, Kegent Street, London, W.
Situations for all Pupils at good salaries.

PARTNER, WORKING.— WANTED, in a
Market Garden, Florist, and Jobbing Business. — Par-
ticulars of T. S.. Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington
Street, Strand, W.C.

WANTED, PARTNER (Active), in Smali
Nursery, Seed, and Florist Business. A young man
with a knowledge of the Seed Trade. &c, would be preferred. —
GUNN, Market Hall, Birmingham.

PARTNER WANTED, to Invest about £200
to Extend the Growing Roses and Fruit with Glass.
Good Land. A good opportunity. — Address F. A.. Gardeners'
Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

To Gardeners.

WANTED, a practical MAN, with Small
Capital to join Advertiser in Small Nursery, Long
Lease, or Sell.— M US SETT, St. Ann's Road, Stamford Hill, N.

Head Gardener.

WANTED, a hard-working and experienced
MAN, who thoroughly understands Kitchen aud
Flower Gardens, Vineries, and Conservatory; also Manage-
ment of Grass Land (50 acres) and Cows. Twenty-seven miles
from London.— F. H. NORMAN, Moor Place, Much Hadham,
Herts.

Cardiff Union, Ely Schools.— Gardener Wanted.

THE BOARD of GUARDIANS will at their
Meeting on the 7th of SEPTEMBER. 18X9, appoint an
INDUSTRIAL TRAINER in GARDENING, at their Schools,
at Ely, near Cardiff.

The duties of the Officer will be to Cultivate the Garden,
which is devoted to Vegetables only ; Instruct and Assist the
Boys in Practical Gardening and Field W< rk, and make him-
self generally useful about the premises, under the direction of
the Guardians and the Master.

C5ndidates must be Single, or Widower without children, and
possess a competent knowledge of Gardening.

Salary £40 a year, with board, lodging, and washing.

Forms of Application must be obtained from me, and re-
turned not later than Monday, Septembers, 1889.— By order,
ARTHUR .T. HARRIS, Clerk.

Queen's Chambers, Cardiff.— August 13, 1889.

WANTED, a WORKING GARDENER,
married, for Houses. Must be well up in Fruit Grow-
ing, and Early and Late Forcing. Wages 185. per week ;
cottage, firing, &c— Mrs. M. HAMPWORTH, Down ton,
Salisbury.

Gardener, Single-handed.

WANTED, a SINGLE-HANDED GAR-
DENER ; married, and if Wife a Laundress preferred.
Well up in Flowers, Vegetables, and Glass; with good per-
sonal references. — Mr. BIRTS, Abbey Wood, Belvedere, Kent.

WANTED, a SECOND GARDENER, where
three are kept. — Must be fully competent both Inside
and Out. Willing and obliging and have a good knowledge of
Propagating and Plant Growing. — Apply, by letter only, giving
full particulars, to A., Barrow Gurney, near Bristol.

WANTED, a MARKET NURSERY FORE-
MAN. Indoor and Out, in neighbourhood of London —
Apply by letter only, to FOREMAN, Watkius & Simpson,
Exeter Street. Strand, W.C.

WANTED, a SECOND MAN, used to Market
Nursery and Fern Growing. — Wages aDd particulars
to SHAWS, Valley Nurseries, Knostrop, Leeds.

WANTED, TWO good HANDS, accustomed
to Market Work in Pots and Cut Flowers. —
MARSHALL BROS. AND CO., Barnham, Bognor.

WANTED, for Jobbing and General Nursery
Work, TWO active young MEN, age about 20, well
up to their work and not afraid of it. Single, steady, in-
dustrious, and Good Templars preferred. Salary £6 per month,
with free passage per mail steamer. Agreement for two years.
No grumbling or discontented men need apply. Living here is
dearer than in England. References required.— Apply by letter,
CHAS. AYRES, Seedsman, Florist, and Nurseryman, Cape
Town, South Africa.

To Gardeners.

WANTED, to go to Jersey, young, married
MAN (no family), used to Forcing and Growing for
Markets. Vegetables found and cottage to live in. Send
references.— Apply, by letter, stating wages, to S. GODDARD,
Esq., Hengistbury House, Brentford, Middlesex.

WANTED, a young MAN, used to Market
Work, to Grow Grapes, Melons, Chrysanthemums,
&c, and to take charge of a Small Nursery.— Full particulars
as to wages, &c, to GODFREY, Nurseryman, Exmouth.

•\\7"ANTED, a TRAVELLER, for the Whole-

V T sale Nursery Trade. None need apply unless tho-
roughly experienced in the Value of and Nomenclature of
Nursery Stock, both Indoors and Out-of-doors ; also should be
well-known on the road. — Reply, stating salary, experience, &c,
toTHOS.CRIPPS and SON, Tunbridge Wells Nurseries, Kent.

WANTED, an experienced FLORIST, to
take charge of Shop in Birmingham. Must be good
Wreath and Bouquet hand, with knowledge of Seed aud Bulb
Trade.— HEWITT and CO., Nurserymen, Solihull.

WANTED, a SHOPMAN or ASSISTANT.
Must have good general knowledge of Plants, Cut
Flowers, and Seeds. — State age, experience, and wages ex-
pected, to PARKER AND CO., Nurserymen, Highbury, N.

GARDENING APPOINTMENTS.

Mr. William Rye, late Head Gardener to
R. N. Hoopeh, Esq., Stanshawes Court, Chippen
Sodbury, has been appointed Head Gardener to
Captain Belfield, Maintains, Frenchay, near
Bristol.

Mr. Thomas Harris, late General Foreman
at Holmewood Park, Tunbridge Wells, has been
appointed Head Gardener to Edgar Hibbert,
Esq., Ashby St. Ledgers Lodge, Rugby.

Mr. A. II. Rickwood, for many years Head
Gardener to J. Field, Esq., J.P., Latchmere
House, Ham, Surrey, has been appointed Head
Gardener to Lady Freake, Fulwell Park,
Twickenham, Middlesex.

Mr. W. Higgs, late Foreman to T. H. Bryant,
Esq., of The Gardens, Juniper Hill, near Dorking,
has been engaged as Head Gardener by Mrs.
F. C. Bryant, Woodland Park, near Leather-
head.

WANT PLACES.

NOTICE TO ADVERTISERS.— In many instances
Remittances in Payment of Repeat Advertisements are
received without name, adllress, or anything beyond the
postmark on envelope by which to identify the sender ; this
t7i all cases causes a very great deal of trouble, and fre-
quently the sender cannot be identified at all.

Advertisers are requested when Remitting to give their
frames and Addresses, and also a Reference to the Adver-
tisements which they wish repeated.

rrHE COMMITTEE of the FRENCH HORTI-

X CULTURAL ASSOCIATION wish to announce that
they have on their Books a certain number of well-educated
GARDENERS, who wish to get acquainted with the English
language. — Young English Gardeners wishing to change their
situation with French colleagues, can apply to the SECRETARY
of the Association, 27, Gerrard Street, Shaftesbury Avenue, W.

RICHARD SMITH and CO
beg to announce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and that they
will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars,
&c. — St. John's Nurseries, Worcester.

Gardeners, Farm-Bailiffs, Foresters, &c.

D'l C K S O N S, Royal Nurseries, Chester,
(Limited), are always in a position to RECOM-
MEND MEN of the highest respectability, and thoroughly
practical at their business. All particulars on application.
Telegraphic and Postal Address—" DICKSONS, CHESTER."

GARDENER (Head), or MANAGER.—
Age 42, married ; Grow for Market or Private. Upwards
of thirty years' thorough practical experience in large estab-
lishments, possessing a thorough knowledge of both branches,
where first-class Fruits, Flowers, Vegetables, aud Mushrooms
were Grown with great success; also had the Management of
extensive Fruit and Vegetable Farm, where the produce was
grown for preserving, &c. Healthy, and active. Characters
of the highest order.— H. O., 37, Natal Road, Streatham Com-
mon, Surrey.

GARDENER (Head).— Mr. Cockersoll, of
Stoke Rochford Gardens, Grantham, can with confidence
recommend a first-class Gardener of twenty years' thorough
practical experience in good establishments.

GARDENER (Head).— Age 30, married, no
family; thoroughly practical in all branches. Three and
and a half years in present place. Leaving through death.
— E. HINARY, The Gardens, Blendworth, Horudean, Hants.

GARDENER (Head). — Orchid Grower of
of large experience, combined with a good general
knowledge of Gardening in all its branches, is now disengaged.
—Unexceptional references on application to the CURATOR,
Botanic Gardens, Glasgow.

GARDENER (Head) ; age 35, married, no
family. —A Gentleman who is giving up, can highly
recommend his Head Gardener to any Lady or Gentleman re-
quiring a good practical man, good character, &c— Please
apply to W. W., Sudbury Hill House, Harrow.

AtTBOsT 17, 18S9.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

203

GARDENER (Head).— Qualifications of the
profession well sustained on inquiry. — Care of Mr.
MOORIS, Nurseryman, Acton, W.

GARDENER (Head), to any Lady or Gentle-
man requiring the services of a thorough practical man.

Age 36, married ; twenty-three years' experience in all

breaches. ' Five and a half years' good references.— T. C,
26, Ospringe Road, Faversham, Kent.

GARDENER (Head).— No children ; great
practical experience as a Fruit, Flower, and Vegetable
Grower Understands Land and Stock. Highest testimonials
as to character and ability. — ARMSTRONG, 21, Charlton
Road, Harlesden, N.W.

GARDENER (Head).— Age 33, two children ;
eighteen years' experience— eight as Head Working.
Highest 'references for honesty, sobriety, and capabilities of
the profession. Understands all branches of the profession.
State wages.— CULEA, Mrs. Wisson's, Paper Office, Enfield,
Middlesex.

GARDENER (Head), to any Nobleman,
Lady, or Gentleman requiring a good practical man. —
Age 40 ; thoroughly up in Orchids, Ferns, and Stove Plants of
all kinds ; Rhodanthe, Bouvardias, Forcing Grapes, Peaches,
Tomatos. Cyclamens, Chrysanthemums ; a good Kitchen Gar-
dener. Good references, and abstainer. — E. D., Brockham
Lodge, Brockham, near Reigate.

GARDENER (Head Working), where two
or more are kept. — Age 37, married ; thoroughly prac-
tical. Five years' good character from present employer. —
ARNOLD, Sheet Gardens, Ludlow.

ARDENER (Head Working).— Married,

two children (youngest age 10) ; thoroughly experienced
in Early and Late Forcing, &c. Highest references from present
and former employers.— T. W., Monson Road, Redhill, Surrey.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 35,
married, without family; well up in all branches.
Well recommended.— State particulars, T. B., Gardeners'
Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

GARDENER (Head Working), age 37;
Married, oue child.— A Gentleman wishes to recom-
mend his Gardener; twenty years' practical experience in good
establishments, thoroughly understands gardening in all its
branches.— H.. Crofton Court Cottages, Orpington, Kent.

ARDENER (Head Working), where one

or more are kepr. — Age 31, married, no family; life
experience. Competent in all branches. Good Violet Grower.
Three years' first-class character. — C, 18, Archbishop Place,
Summer's Road, Brixton, S.W.

ARDENER (Head AVorking) ; Age 40,

married. — A Lady will recommend the above, to any
Lady or Gentlemen requiring the same. Seven and a half
years' character. Also other references. — A. MERCER, Wood-
lands, Fulshaw, Manchester.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 36,
married; thoroughly understands the profession in all
its branches. Twenty-two years' practical experience. Good
references from previous situations; and an excellent eight and
a half years' character from present employer. — G. P., Whittle-
sea, Peterborough.

GARDENER (Head Working, or Single-
handed). — Married ; experienced in Houses, Flower and
I Kitchen Garden. Five years' character. Churchman and
[ chorister.— A. LACEY, 35, EUora Road, Streatham, S.W.

GARDENER (Head or good Single-
handed), — Age 38, married, two children ; thoroughly
understands his work, good references. — WOOD, 16, Salisbury
Road, Manor Park, E.

G> ARDENER.— Married ; well up in all
W branches of Gardening. Good references. — T. A., Mil-
I verton, Somerset.

GARDENER; age 34— R. Sanders, Gar-
dener to A. De Rothschild, Esq., can with confidence reeom-
1 mend his Foreman, A. French, to any Lady or Gentleman in
want of a Gardener ; seven and a half years in present place us
■ Foreman ;' eighteen years' experience. — Halton Gardeus,
Tring, Herts.

GARDENER (Good Working, Single-
haxded, or SECOXD). — Age 28, single ; good all-round
man, understands Stove and Greenhouse Plants, two years'
i character.— W., 2, Brashar Cottage, New Park Road, Brixton.

GARDENER (Single-handed), or where
help is given. — Age 27, married, no family ; good refer-
ences. Abstainer. — Please state wages, &c, SVVAMLEY,
Scalp Cliff Road, Burton-on-Trent.

GARDENER (Single-handed), or where help
is given. — Age 27, single ; twelve years' experience.
Inside and Out. Thoroughly understands the Management
of Fruit, Flowers, and Vegetables, Good references from last
and previous places.— C. ANDERSON, Cedars, East Sheen.

GARDENER (Single-handed); age 26,
married.— W. D. Curzok, Esq., will be pleased to
:' recommend his Gardener to any Lady or Gentleman requiring
a good practical man. Twelve years' experience in the General
Work of a Garden— Inside ami Out. Excellent characters. At
, liberty any time.— GARDENER, Astley House, High Street,
Putney.

GARDENER (Single-handed) or otherwise.
— Age 2S ; married when suited. Four years in present
situation. Good character, and well recommended. — J. C.
ROCKSHAW, Merstham, Surrey.

GARDENER (Single-handed or good
Secosd).— Age 28, married, no family ; Wife Laundress
if required, good plantsman, fourteen years' experience, highly
recommended.— GARDENER, 3, Devonshire Place, Child's Hill,
N.W.

GARDENER (Second, or Single-handed).
— Age 21, married ; ten years' experience in all branches.
Good references.— E. RENDALL, 3, Hillhouse Road, St. John's
Hole, Stone, Dartford, Kent.

GARDENER (Second), In and Outside. —
Age 23; three and a half years in last situation. Good
references. — W. J. C, Head Gardener, Brooklands, Cambridge.

GARDENER (Second), where four or more
are kept. — Single ; ten and a half years' experience.
Total abstainer.— J. WELLS, 2, Western Road, Tonbridge
Road, Maidstone, Kent.

GARDENER (Second), Inside or Out.— Age
36 ; rmrried ; two children, ages three years, fourteen
months. Twelve years' experience, good references. — T. W.,
North Hyde, Southall, Middlesex.

ARDENER (Second), where four or five

others are kept. — Good experience in Early and Late
Forcing, Plant Growing, Flower and Kitchen Garden. Near
London preferred. Good character and well recommended. —
Apply, stating wages, to G. H., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41,
Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

GARDENER (Second, or Under), Inside and
Out. — Age 23; seven years' experience. Excellent
character from Head Gardener to Gore T.angton, Esq., Hatch
Park, Taunton, and other references.— WILLIAM GODDARD,
Sandhills, Cattistock, Dorchester.

GARDENER (Under), where three or four
are kept, Inside and Out. — Age 24 ; good reference. — W.
STROUDE, Riverhead, Sevenoaks.

GARDENER (Under), in a Private Establish-
ment. — Age 23 ; seven years' experience Inside and Out.
Can be highly recommended. — W. S., 12, Wigan's Cotts,
Mortlake.

WANTED EMPLOYMENT, as Single-
handep or Under. Good Gardener. Age 22.— Re-
commended by Hon. Mrs. ANSON, Cookham.

NURSERY MANAGER, or FOREMAN.—
Age 48.— G. PEARSON, 3, Purbeck Terrace, Bourne-
mouth .

FOREMAN. — Age 26 ; thirteen years' experi-
ence in good situations. Active and obliging. Three
years as Foreman in last situation. Can be highly recom-
mended.— W. COOK, The Gardens, Holmwood, Wimborne,
Dorsetshire.

FOREMAN, PROPAGATOR, and GROWER.
— Twenty years' thorough experience in the General
Nursery Trade; also Bouquets, Wreaths, &c. — A. B., Mrs.
Sneap, Elm Terrace, Borrowash, Derby.

FOREMAN, or Second in Gentleman's Estab-
lishment.— Age 24 ; eight years' experience in good
places. Well recommended. Abstainer. — FOREMAN, Greys
Road, Henley-on-Thames, Oxon.

NURSERY FOREMAN, Out-door or General.
— Practical knowledge of Landscape Work. Over twenty
years' experience in leading establishments. Excellent re-
ferences.— HORTUS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

NURSERY FOREMAN, PROPAGATOR, or
SALES MAN.— Age 38; experienced Inside or Out.
Good references.— J. CHAPMAN, 139, Handcroft Road, Croydou.

PROPAGATOR and GROWER of Softwooded
Plants and Cut Flowers for Market, or General Nurseries.
— Sixteen years' experience. First class references. — H., 25,
Cotterill Street, Hereford,

PROPAGATOR and GROWER. — Soft-
wooded Plants, Palms, Ferns, Cut Flowers anil
Tomatos. Sixteen years in London and Provincial Nurseries.
Good references.— T. S., 21, Clive Road, West Dulwich, S.E.

PROPAGATOR, or PROPAGATOR and
GROWER.— Well up in Pelargoniums, Bouvardias,
Carnations, Hydrangeas, Solanums, Calceolarias, Genistas,
Primulas, Ficus, Ferns, &c— H., Gardeners' Chronicle Office,
41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

To Nurserymen,
p ROWER and ASSISTANT PROPAGA-

"DT TOR.— Age 22; six years' experience in first-class
Nurseries. Well-up in Wreaths, Crosses, &c— H. ALCOCK,
York Place Nursery, Dumfries.

JOURNEYMAN (First), in the Houses.—
Age 23; eight years' experience. Good character. — H.,
Mr. G. Best, Gardener, The Vyne, Sherborne St. John, Basing-
stoke.

MARKET GROWER and PROPAGATOR
of Roses, Ferns, Chrysanthemums. — Well up in Choice
Fruits, Mushrooms, and all Flowering Plants for Cut Bloom
and Market Trade. London practice, and character good all
round.— A. B., 22, Baxter Gate, Doncaster.

JOURNEYMAN (First), in a Large Estab-
lishment, or as FOREMAN in a Small Place.— Age 26 ;
can be well recommended. — E. ^TTLES, Eastcourt, near
Malmesbury, Witts.

JOURNEYMAN, Inside and Out, if required.
— Age 20 ; six years' experience. Good character. — W.
BUSH, Golding's Hill, Loughton, Essex.

JOURNEYMAN, in good Establishment.—
.Tames HobbS, Gardener, Chelston Cross, Torquay, will
be pleased to recommend a young man as above.

JOURNEYMAN, Inside and Out, in a Gentle-
man's Garden. — Four years' experience. Good character.
— G. DEANE, 1, Mawson Cottages, Chiswick Lane, Chiswick.

JOURNEYMAN, under a Foreman. — Six
years' experience under glass. Two years in last situ-
ation. Good characters. — For particulars, please apply to
C. FLACK, Cholmondeley Castle Gardens, Malpas, Cheshire.

JOURNEYMAN, Inside.— Six years' expe-
rience in all branches. Excellent characters from last
and previous Gardeners.— J. G. WALKER, Swalcliffe Park,
Banbury, Oxon.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Aged 10 ;
bothy preferred. Can be well recommended. Three
years' good character.— Mr. WARD, Gardens, Stoke Edith,
Hereford.

JOURNEYMAN, in good Gardens.— Age 22 ;
well up in Vines, Melons, Cucumbers, Tomatos, Stove,
Greenhouse, and Herbaceous Plants, &c. Three and a half
years' good character from last situation. Eight years' expe-
rience.—Rawdon, Hoddesdon, Herts.

TMPROVER; age 20.— R. McIntosh, Gar-

A dener. The Lodge, Felixstowe, will have much pleasure in
recommending a thoroughly trustworthy youug man as above.

To Gardeners.

IMPROVER. — Age 17; respectable; total
abstainer. Three years' practice, one in bothy. Premium
given.— W. BLOOMFIELD, Cemetery, Luton, Beds.

TO NURSERYMEN.— Advertiser seeks a re-
engagement to Grow Grapes, Tomatos, Cucumbers, Cut
Flowers, and Plants in quantity. — W. N., Gardeners' Chronicle
Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

TO HEAD GARDENERS.— A young Lad
(age 17) wants a situation in the Garden. Three years'
experience.— HEAD GARDENER, Southgate House, South-
gate, N.

TO NURSERYMEN.— A young man seeks
a situation near London on the Out-of-doors. Well up
in the Budding, Grafting, and General Nursery Work. — H. L.,
18, Pomona Place, Fulham, S.W.

rVU NURSERYMEN.— Situation wanted. Age

JL 25, married. Good Budder and Grafter.— H. PIPER,
Framfield, Sussex.

rVO GARDENERS.— Wanted, a situation, in

JL a good Garden, for a Lad (age 16), where he can. Learn
the whole routine of Gardening. Premium given. — Reply,
with particulars, to J. B., Sudbury. Hall, Derby.

AGRICULTURAL MANAGER. — Belgian
Gardener, educated, certificated of the Horticultural
School at Vilvorde, desires an engagement as above. —
E. MARTIN, Gistoux. Belgium.

CHOPMAN, or MANAGER. — Age 30;

k_7 thorough knowledge of Seed, Bulb, Plant, and Flower
Trade. Good references.— WM. HARRIS, Hammerwood, East
Grinstead, Sussex.

To tliG Scptl Tx3.dfl

SHOPMAN, Wholesale or Retail.— Five years'
experience. Good references. — X. Y. Z.. Gardeners
Clironicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

SHOPMAN (Assistant). — Good experience
in Bulb and Seed Trade. Could assist in Plant Houses
if (required.— WHITE, 5, Hope Terrace, Acton Green, Chis-
wick, W.

O SEEDSMEN.— Advertiser seeks situation

in Seed Business, &c, Good knowledge of Trade, Office
Routine, &c. Part time in large London Houses. Age 25.
Good references. — DELTA, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41,
Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

DANIEL FROST, only surviving Son of the
late Philip Frost, of Dropmore, seeks an engagement.
Light Employment, or Position of Trust. Has a slight know-
ledge of the French language, age 46, no objection to go
abroad. — Address, Park Street, Slough.

TO MARKET NURSERYMEN.— A young
man requires a situation in a Market Nursery to look
after Horse, and fill up time in Nursery. References. — F.,
48, Marlborough Street, New Cross, S.E.

TO FLORISTS, FRUITERERS, and GREEN-
GROCERS. — Can take a round and attend Market. — E.
TAYLOR, Sulvington, Worthing, Sussex.

HOLLOWAY'S PILLS.— Enfeebled
Existence. — This medicine embraces every attribute
required in a general and domestic remedy; it overturns the
foundations c3 disease laid by defective food and impure air.
In obstructions or congestions of the liver, lungs, bowels, or
any other organs, these Pills are specially serviceable and
eminently successful. They should be kept in readiness in
every family, as they are a medicine without a fault for young
persons and those of feeble constitutions. They never cau e
pain, or irritate the most sensitive nerves, or most tender
boweK Holloway's Pills are the best known purifiers of the
blood, and the best promoters of absorption and secretion, and
remove all poisonous and noxious particles from both solids
and fluids.

204

THE GAR DENE-MS* CHRONICLE.

[Aucu-st 17, 18S9,

Send for ILLUSTRATED LIST of

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PATENT SELF-ACTING HYDRAULIC

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His Grace the Duke of Devonshire.

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His Grace the Duke of Cleveland.

His Grace the Duke of Portland.

His Grace the Duke of Sutherland.

The Most Hon. the Mirquess of Ripon.

The Most Hon. the Marquess of Downshire.

The Most Hon. the Marquess of Abergavenny.

The Most Hon. the Marquess ot Londonderry.

The Right Hon. the Etrl of Derby.

The Rignt Hon. the Earl of Devon.

The Right Hon. the Earl of Gainsborough.

The Right Hon. the Earl of II cheater.

The Right Hon. the Earl of Romnev.

The Bight Hon. the Earl of Gramrd,

The Right Hon. the Earl Beauchamp.

The Rignt ]lon. the Earl of Caledou.

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The Honourable Sir William Veneris Field.

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The Hon. A.. O. G. Calthorpa,

The Rev. Hon. E. T. St. John, Btetsoe, Bedford.

Admiral Sir Georg-i Broke-Middle ton, Broke Hill, Suff jlk.

Sir Fredk. A. Milbauk, Bart., MP , Thorp Perrow.

Major-General Sir H. M. Havelock- Allen, Bart.

Major-General Fielden. Wittou Park. Blackburn.

General Mackenzie, Fover^u House, Aberdeen.

General Gerard Potter Eaton, The Pole, Cheshire.

Sir Henry A. Hoire. Birt., Stourhead, Bath.

Sir William Fielding, Birt., Femscowles.

Sir R;b^rt Meuzies, Birt , of Meuzies.

Sir Humphrey DeTraffanl. Birt.. Trafford Park.

Sir Mienael Robert Shtw-Stewirt, B.irt.

Sir Henry W. Ripley. B irt , Acacia, near Leeds.

Sir Michael Arthur Bass, Birt., M.P.

Sir W. C. Worstey. Birt . Havinghim Hill, Yorkshire.

Sir Kenneth Smith viae ken/, e. Bart.

Sir WTLiam Ed<sn, Birt.. Wmdlestone, Ferry Hill.

Sir Thomas C. C. Western, Bart., Tattistone, Suffolk.

Sir Jobn Shelley, Bart.

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Sir A. Woodiwiss, The Pastures, Derby.

Colonel Starkie, Lovely Hall, Blackburn.

Colonel Milligan, Cauldwell Hail, Burton-on-Trent.

Colonel Tawneley. Towneley, Lincashire.

Colonel Hirgreaves. Maiden Erleigh, Berkshire.

Coloael Tremayne, MP., Carclew. Cornwall.

Lieut. -Colonel Loyd, Lillesden, Hawkhurst.

Edward Micnaghteu. Esq., Q C, M.P., Runkerry.

Colonel Mittord, Mitford Castle. Northumberland.

Colonel Leyland, Nantelwyd Hall, Ruthin.

Colonel France- Hayhurst, Davenham Hall, North wich.

Colonel R. R. Jackson. Lostock Hall, Lancashire.

Colonel J. E. Fo-ter, Sanson Seal, Berwick.

M ijor J. F. Trist, Tristford, Totnea.

M ijor Hirdmin, Riwt-n-tail, near Manchester.

Mai or Bird, Crookhey, Lancaster.

Major J. R. H. Crautord. Craufurdland Castle.

W. Bromley-Davenport, Esq., M.P., Cape-.thone, Ch -shire.

V. F. Benett-Stanford. Esq., M.P., Pyt Hous'. Wilts.

C. F. H. Bolekow, Esq., M irton Hill, Middlesbrough.

John Hick. Esq., M.P., Myttoa Hall, Lancashire.

Hamer Biss, Esq., MP.. Needwood Hall BarLoa-on-Tren1;.

Wentworth Blackett Beaumont, Esq., M.P.

George Courtauld, Esq.. MP., Halstead. Es-ex.

Godfrey Hawksworth Wentworth, Esq , Wodley, Wakefield.

Captain Gaudy SkirsgiU Park, Penrith.

Captain Towashend, Winehara.

Ciptain Bjsanquet, Broom-y- Close, near Ross.

Messrs. The Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway Company.

Henry S in Ibach, Esq., HaEodunas, Ab ;rgele.

The Venerable C. W. Holbech, Farnborough Hill, Banbury.

The Rev. B. Hallowes, for Muggington Village.

The Est. H. J. De Salis, Porcnali Park, Virginia Water.

The Rev. E. G. E 1 ward 4, Trentham, S aff irdshire.

C. H. M tin waring. E,q., Whitmore Hall, Stiff.

G. H. Pinckard, Esq., Comoe Court, Go 1 liming.

J. W. Temjle, Esq , Leyswood, Groombridge.

Edwin Waternouse, Esq., Feldemore. Dorking.

W. Bickford-Smith. Esq.. Travarno. Cornwall.

John Taylor, Esq., Tie Rocks, Bath.

Trustees of the late John Taylor, Est,., Ashwicke, Bath.

William Rouodell, E-q., Gled-tone, Ssipton.

Henry Simpson, Esq., Meadowfield. Whitby.

Archibald Dunn, Esj , Newcastle-on-Tyne.

L. Haumer, Esq.. Deanwater, Wilmslow.

W. H. Hornby, Esq., Poole Hall, Nantwich.

H. R. Tom*inson. Esq., Reaseheath Hall, Nantwich.

Thos. Grey, Esq., Mitford, Nor humberland.

Alexander Hartley, Esq., Pendle Forest.

Fortesoue W. K. Long, Esq., Dunston Hall, Norwich.

Messrs. Scott &. Edwards, Railway Conractors.

Hy, Whitehead. Esq., H isssl Hey, Touington.

W. J. Stephenson-Peich, Esq., Hullanl Hall, Ashbourne.

H. C. Moffitt. E-q., Goodrich Court, Ross, Hereford.

James Ormrod, Esq., Perj-y-Lan, Ruabon.

W. R. Adamson, Esq., Rushton Park, Battle.

J. T. Dillwyn-Llewelyn, Esq., Penllergare.

F. Bacon Frank, Esq., Campsall Hall, Lancaster.

Chas. Page Wood. Esq., Wakes Hall, Essex.

C. W. Kellock, Esq., Highfields, Audlem. Cheshire.

Edwin W. Streeter, Esq., F.R G.S., Sackville Street, Buxted.

Quintin Hogg, Esq., Holly Hill, Southampton.

John Bowes, Esq., Streatlam Castle, Durham.

Alexander Henry Browne, Esq., Callaley Castle, Alawhk.

Bernard Husey Hunt, Esq., Compton Pauncefoot, Somerset.

.'iy.

J. A. Darlington, Esq., Bourton Hall, Rugby.

St. Lawrence's College, Ampleforth, Yorks.

A. C. Phillipps-de-Lisle. Esq.. Girend.m Park, Loughborough.

W. M. Ince-Anderton, Esq., Euxton Hall, Chorley.

Charles Eccles, Esq., Sten'.wood, Houitoa, Devon.

C. B. E. Wright, Esq., Bolton Hall. Clitheroe.

G. Troyte-Ballo^k, Esq., North Coker House, Yeovil.

Edward L. Tomlin, Esq., Angley Park, Kent.

T. F. Twemlow, Esq., Kettey Court, Crewe.

Chas. C. Capel, Esq., Foots Cray Fisheries. Kent.

R. Andrews, Esq.. Prestbury Hall, Cheshire.

John Hampson, Esq., Ullenwoad, Cheltenham.

Richard Smethurst, Esq., Ellerbeck Hall. Lancashire.

Edwin Grundv Wrigley, Esq., Howick House, Presto .

C. R. Collins, "Esq., Strath Culme House, Hele. Devon.

S. S. White, Esq , Minor House, Weathersfield, Essex.

The Corporation of Blackburn.

J Barnes, Esq.. Contractor, Chatburn and Hellefield Rlilv

The Executors of John Hargreives, Esq., Burnley.

G. Ridmivne, Esq., Brathay Hall. Ambleside.

Thomas Mison, Esq., Alkincoates Hall, Coin*'.

Bisil Sparrow, Esq., Gosfield Place, Halstead. Essex.

R. O. Leycester, Esq., Toft Hill, near Knutsford.

Fred. Lion, Eq.. Seighford Hall. Dr-ar Stafford.

Lovatt \yshford Wise. Esq.. Clayton Hill, S oke-on-Trent.

John Walker, E*q., Mount St. John, Thirsk.

Henry Alison, Esj., Park Hall. Chorley.

John Pennington, Esq., Emmot Hall, near Colne.

The New Zealand Government Riilway.

Hubert Galton, Esq , Had/.or House, Droitwich.

Miuohenter Corporation Waterworks.

William Farmer, E*q., Coworth Park.

Robert Thornton, E-q , High Cross. Framfie'd.

G. Biyley-Worthington. Esq., Sharston Hall, Cheshire.

David Russell, Esq., Silverbarn. Leven.

T. F. Ashe. Esq.. Ankelow Hill, Cheshire.

Hilton G.eaves. Esq . Ankelow House, Aullem, Cheshire.

The Lillieshall Iron Compiuy, Salop.

The Castle Brick Compauy, Northop, Flint.

The Levland and Famugton Gis Oompa iy.

Binjamin Chaffer, Esq., *lonkhall Quarries, Burnley.

Charles Hill, Esq., Roekhuist, Sussex.

M-ssrs. A. &. W. Law. M inufacturers, Littleborough.

Elward Singleton, E-q., Preiton Deinery, Northampton.

W. Hensman, Esq., Flint Hill, Winwick, near Rugby.

T.J. Waller, Esq., Contractor, Chatburn and Hedeti *id R lilwav.

Thos. Barber, Esq., Eastwool, Notts.

J R. Shiw, Esq . Arrowe Park. Cheshire.

Thos. Townley Townlev-Parker, Esq.. Cuerden, La acashire.

John Fielden. Esq., Grimston Park. T ideaster.

Rev. Cancan Bridges. The Avenue. Ewell, Epsom.

Dr. G. W. Mauld. Loxley Hall. Uttoxeter.

A. St-ad, E-q., Woodley, Romsey, Hints.

J>hn Rowe Benniou. Esq., Nursted House. Petersfield.

J Spender Clay, Esq.. Ford Manor, Surrey.

The Guardians of the Sheffield Union (New Workhouse).

The Stockport District Waterworks Company.

The Brignorth Union Rural Sanitary Authority.

The North Bierley Local Board Sewage Works.

Richard Mercer, Esq., Sandliug Place, Maidstone.

James Sm thells. E-*q. (CileHonian Railway), Rivingtou.

Chas. J. Ebden, Esq., Baldslow Mainr, Ha-t-ngs.

T. H. Sidebottom. Esq.. M.P., Etherow House, Hadfield.

Messr?. J. & T. H. Sidebottom. Snowshill Minor.

J. A. Sidebottom, Esq., Hadfield, Minchester.

JOHN BLAKE, hydraulic ram works, ACCRINGTON, LANCASHIRE.

Editorial Communications should be addressed to " The Editor;" Advertisements and Business Letters to " The Publisher," at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, Loudon, W.C
Printed by William Richards, at the Office of Messrs. Bradbury, Agnew. &, Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City of London, in the County of Middlesex, and published by the
said William Richards at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's Coveat Garden in the said Couuty.— Saturday. August 17. 1833. Agent for Manchester— Jqh.v Heywood.

ESTABIJFSHED

No. 2539.

No. 139.— Yol. VI.

/ Third \
\ Series./

SATUKDAY, AUGUST 24, 1889.

{Reet. as a Newspaper, f P R | Q E 3d*
WITH SUPPLEMENT^ POST-FREE, Z$d.

Apiary, tlie

Apple crop, the Ameri-
can

Burbidtre, F. W., M.A....

Chiswick, Vegetable Con-
ference at

Colour in plants

Co-operative horticul-
ture

Disa sagittalis

Disas at York

Entomology, practical ...

Eulophia bella

Flower garden, the

Fruits uuder glass

Gardening appointments

Ghent Botanic Garden ...

Glasgow Botanic Garden

Hardy fruit garden

Heckfield Place

Hedyehium Sadleria-
cumx

Kitchen garden, the ...

Lisianthus Russelliauus .

Magnolias

Miltonia Schroder iana ...

Montbretia securigera ...

Moor Park, decorative
plants at

CONTENTS.

222 IVat'urhchen Pjlanzen
Familien, die

New and noteworthy
plants

Obi tuary : —

Mr. G. D Vallance ...

Orchid notes

Paris Horticultural Exhi-
bition, the

Phytolacca dioica

Plant portraits

Plants and their culture

Potato disease

Pot-washing machine ...

Roses, pot culture, and
propagation of

Societies : —

Hastings

Maidenhead

National Chrysanthe-
mum

National Co-operative
Royal Horticultural ...
Taunton Dean

Tender plants, unusual
hardiness of

Town trees

Trees on the Thames Em-
bankment

212
212

218
211

218 '
215
215
219
210
217
217
230
219
£09 ;
222
210

219 :
217
223
215
210
210

214 |

226
215

220
218
217
216
223
222

223

225

219
225
223
221

212
222

22i

ILLU8TRATION8.

Burbidge, F. W., M. A., portrait of

Orchid-houses, Shipley Hall

Pot-washing machine

Phytolacca dioica. (See Supplementary Sheet.)

213

aits

Now ready. In cloth, lis. 6d.

r'HJE GARDENERS1 CHRONICLE,
Vol. V.. Third Series, JAN. to JUNE. 1889.
W. RICHARDS. 41. Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

CRYSTAL PALACE.

FRIDAY and SATURDAY, September 6 and 7.
GREAT FRUIT EXHIBITION, with the NATIONAL
DAHLIA SOCIETY'S GRAND SHOW.
No extra charge.
Schedules and Entry Forms on application to Mr. W. G.
HEAD, Superintendent Gardens Department, Crystal Palace,
S.E. Entries close Saturday. August 31.

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL
SOCIETY.

VEGETABLE CONFERENCE and EXHIBITION of VEGE-
TABLES in the Society's Gardens, Sutton Court Road, Chis-
wick. SEPTEMBER 24, 25, and 26, 1889.
Opening Proceedings ... TUESDAY, September 24.
Conference Meeting ... WEDNESDAY, Sept. 25, at 2 p.m.
Conference Meeting ... THURSDAY, Sept. 26. at 2 p.m.

Frequent Trains from all Stations on the Metropolitan and
Metropolitan District Railways to Acton Green and Turnham
Green ; by the North London to Gunnersbury ; and by South-
western to Chiswick Station— all within a few minutes' walk
of the Gardens.

Schedules and further information, may be obtained on
application to Mr. A. F. BaRRON,

Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens, Chiswick.

BATH AUTUMN SHOW.
WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY, September 4 and 5.
Amongst the Prizes offered are —
For 12 Foliage and 6 Stove or Greenhouse Plants. — 1st, £12 ;

2nd. £8; 3rd. £4.
For 9 Stove or Greenhouse Plants.— 1st, £1 ; 2nd, £2 10». ;

3rd, £1 10s.
For 6 Orchids.— 1st, £2 ; 2nd, £1.
For Group of Plants not less than 100 square feet.— 1st, £6 ;

2nd, £4 ; 3rd, £!.
For 8 Dishes of Fruit.— 1st. £3 ; 2nd, £2 ; 3rd. £1.
For 8 Bunches of Grapes (4 vars.)— 1st, £5 ; 2nd, £3; 3rd. £2.
And 5 other classesfor Grapes in varieties, prizes in proportion.
Entries close August 30. For Schedules apply to
14, Milscm Street, Bath. BENJ. PEARSON. Sec.

NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE AUTUMN
FLOWER SHOW.— SEPTEMBER 11, 12, and 13.

Entries close Wednesday, September 4. For Schedules, &c,

apply to JA3. J. GILLESPIE, Secretary,

i Cross House Chambers.

SUTTON'S BULBS for PRODUCING
FLOWERS at CHRISTMAS.
Early Roman Hyacinths, Early Narcissi. Forcing Hyacinths,
Forcing Tulips. For full particulars see Sutton's Bulb Cata-
logue, which contains the most com lete lists of Winter and.
Spring Flowering Bulbs yet published. Beautifully illustrated,
with a handsome coloured plate of Sutton's Matchless
Hyacinths, and numerous engravings. Price 6d., po**t-free.

Sutton's Bulbs Genuine Only Direct from

SUTTON and SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen, READING.

(Orders value 5s., Carriage Free).

LILIES OF THE VALLEY!
English-grown !
The best for early forcing, finest large flowers, and superior
in every respect to German crowns. Price ner 1000, 10,000. to
100.000 on application.

T. JANNOCH, Lily of the Valley Grower by Special Appoint-
ment to H.R.H. The Prince of Wales, Dersingham, King's
Lynn, Norfolk.

ACACIA MIMOSA, for Sale, 16 feet high,
in fine condition, just removed with large ball of earth
attached. Only planted three years.
WM CALR. Nursery. Adelaide Road. N.W.

^fUAWBERRY PLANTS.— All best repre-

O sented. true to name, and the plants unique both in

variety and price. Packed <i la Gilbert. Send for CATALOGUE.

R. GILBERT. High Park, Stamford.

AfESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS,

IT J. Nurserymen. Sidcup, and 285, 286, 287, 288, Flower
Market, Covent Garden, London, W.C, are open to RECEIVE
CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS in any quantity
for their Commission Department. Boxes and Labels supplied.
Telegraph Address — •■ COMMISSION, SIDCUP."

PEACHES, FJG.S, MELONS, GRAPES,
CUCUMBERS. TOMATOS, &c. Highest Market Prices
guaranteed. Prompt Cash— HENKY RIDES, Covent Garden.

HENRY SQUELCH (late Squelch & Barn-
ham) RECEIVES CONSIGNMENTS of good Black
Grapes, Muscats, Cucumbers, Tomatos, and Beans ; also all
kinds of choice Hothouse Flowers. H. Squelch's trade being
especially for First-class Hothouse Produce, and he having a
connection amongst the best Houses in London and Country, is
able to command highest Market Prices. Account Sales fur-
nished daily, and accounts settled weekly, or as desired.
Emptiesand Labels Supplied. Bankers' and other references.
North Row, Covent Garden Market, W .C.

Surplus Cut Flowers.

HOOPER and CO. (Limited) RECEIVE and
DISPOSE of any quantity of above at best Market
Prices. Boxes, &c, supplied. — Address, Commission Depart-
ment. HOOPER and CO. (Limited), Covent Garden, W.C.

WANTED, ROSE BUDS, of all the best
kinds, particularly Teas, must be true. Cuttings of all
kinds of bedding ZONAL PELARGONIUMS ; also CAR-
NATION SOUVENIR DE LA MALMAISON.

H. CANNELL and SONS, Swanley, Kent.

WANTED, Cuttings of GERANIUMS:—
H. Jacoby, Master Christine, Crystal Palace Gem,
Eugenie Mezurd, and West Brighton Gem. State price per 100 to
vV. KIRK. Blu<km -or Garden-*. ne«r Peter-field. Hanto.

WANTED, GERANIUM CUTTINGS,
Vesuvius, Henry Jacoby, John Gibbons, Mrs. Pollock,
Mr. Mahon, for cash, or in exchange for Palms or other useful
plants. State price to

G. B. FISHER, The Nursery, High Street. Clapham, S.W.

WANTED, STOVE and GREENHOUSE
PLANTS, small, from stores ; Gold and Silver
Tricolors (not Pollocks), Primula chinensis, blue; double
coloured Primula chinen»is. Hepaticus angulosa, white, double
and single Mu ■ ; named show Pinks and Auriculas, Asparagus,
Plumosus nana. Daphnes.

Address FLORIST, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Welling-
ton Street, Strand, W.C.

Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocus, Lilies, &c.

CG. VAN TUBERGEN, Jun., Haarlem,
• Holland.— Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and
may be had free on application to

Messrs. R. SILBERRAD ani> SON, 25, Savage Gardens,
Crutched Friars, London, E.C.

To the Trade.

COOPER, TABER and CO. (Limited) have
Posted their WHOLESALE BULB CATALOGUE to all
their Customers. If not received another Copy will be sent on
application.— 90, South wark Street, London, S.E.

ROMAN HYACINTHS.— The Subscribers
offer a splendid Shipment of Early Single White Roman
Hyacinths of extra large size.

Special :?elect Bulb offer, post-free on applie ition.
LITTLE and BALLANTYNS, The Queen's Seedsman, Carlisle.

BARR'S NEW D AFFODI L
'•MRS. GEORGE CAMMELL," The Great Spinish
Beauty. Amongst Daffodils this is the most distinct in cha-
racter, and the most refined in b*auty ; perfectly hardy. 21s.
per dozen. 2s. each ; extra larg»* bulbs, 30s. per dozen, 3s. each,

Barr's General Bulb Catalogue free on applicition.

Barr's Daffodil and Plant Catalogue free on application.

Burr's Rare Species of Crocus and Meadow Saffron List on
application.
BARR and SON, 12 and 13. Kine Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

Camellias, Azaleas, Rhododendrons, Palms, Orchids,

&c. Plants grown specially for English use.

p VUYLSTEKE, Nurseryman,

V-^» Loochristy, Ghent, Belgium.

Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and may be had,

free on application to

Messrs. R. SILBERRAD and SON", 25. Savage Gardens,

Crutched Friars, London, E.C.

( ~\ ERANIUM CUTTINGS.— Queen of Whites

J Improved and F. V Raspail. Strong, hard cuttings,
25s. per IOJj ; 20s. per 1000, in quantities of 5000 and upwards.
LADDS. Swanley Junction, Kent.

DAFFODILS and NARCISSUS.—
From 50 to 100 per cent, fall in all sorts of Daffodils
and Narcissus. Write for " Hartlan 1's 36 quarto-pa^e Book*"
on the subject. It is acknowledged to be tne mo3t complete
ex'ant. Price Is. §d. ; returnable unless considered value.
Certainly as a work of art. it should be in the hands of all
lovers of *' old fashioned " flowers.

WM BAYLOR HARTLAND, Seedsman and Florist, 24,
Patrick Street, Cork.

LAXTON'S NEW STRAWBERRIES
Must be grown by all.
Descriptive LIST, with prices of "Latest of AH" (new,
1889), "Noble," "A. F. Barron," "Commander," &c, now
ready. Six First-class Certificates.

THOMAS LAXTON. Seed Grower, Bedford.

KENT STRAWBERRIES, best in the world.
— Swanley has again this season far excelled all other
localities. We have 8 acres in 40 best kinds, specially for
runners, thousands in pots, and can supply any quantity at
once. Send for a CATALOGUE

H. CANNELL and SONS, Swanley, Kent.

DICKSON'S IMPROVED MUSHROOM
SPAWN, most superior, now reduced to 6s. per bushel
of 14 cakes. Circular with Cultural Notes and List of
Testimonials post-free on application.
DIOKSONS (Limited). The Royal Seed Warehouse, CHESTER.

THOMSON'S IMPROVED VINE and PLANT
MANURE. — This valuable Manure is made only by us.
Every bag and tin has our name on it. To be haO of all Nursery
and Seedsmen, and direct from us. 1 cwt. and over carriage
paid. London Agent— Mr. GEORGE. 10, Victoria Road, Putney.
WM. THOMSON and SONS, Clovenfords, Galashiels, N.B.

CHRYSANTHEMUM~CULTURE.^
Standen's Manure, admitted by growers to be unrivalled
for this purpose; in tins. Is., 2s. fid., 5s. 6d., and 10s. 6d. each.
Sold by all Seedsmen.

Notice.

H CANNELL and SONS beg to intimate to
• their Customers that GEORGE WELLAND CEASES
TO REPRESENT THEIR FHtM in any way whatever.

Swanley, Kent.

206

TEE GARDENERS' GERONICLE.

[August 24, 1889.

SALES by AUCTION.

Dutch Bulbs— Special Trade Auctions.

MONDAY and THURSDAY NEXT.

T\,fESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will

1»J- SELL by AUCTION at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and
68. Cheapside, E.C.. on MONDAY. August 26. and THURSDAY,
August 29, extensive consignments of first-class HYACINTHS,
TULIPS, CROCUS, NARCISSUS, and other BULBS from
Holland, especially lotted to suit the Trade and other Large
Buyers.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Thursday Next.— Fresh Palm Seeds.

39,000 LATANIA BORBONICA. and 10,000 ARECA SAPIDA.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
include the above in their BULB SALE on THURSDAY
NEXT. August 29.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Friday Next.

ORCHIDS in FLOWER.— CATTLEYA MENDELII.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
include in thei' SALE on FRIDAY NEXT. August 30.
a quanticy of ORCHiDS in FLOWER, an importation of
CATTLEYA MENDELIf, for sale without reserve, and an im-
portation of CATTLEYA SYLVATICA, SCHOMBURGKIA
LYONsU, S. CARINATA. ONCIDIUM TETRAPETALUM,
BROUGHTONIA SANGUINEA, &c.

On view Morning of Sale, and Catalogues hal.

Friday Next.
/fESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are

13 X. instructed by Messrs. F. Sander & Co. to SELL by
AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside,
E.C., on FRIDAY NEXT, August 30, at half-past 12 o'Clock}
importations of the following valuable ORCHIDS : —

CATTLEYA GIGAS SANDERIANA.
These plants were collected in quite a new district, far from
the localities where the old forms of giiras and imperialis were
found. Our collector has written us specially about these
plants, and there is no doubt that many choice and extraordi-
nary forms and varieties will be discovered amongst them. Some
fine masses are offerei, many with distinct looking bulbs.
The plants all round are in very good condition. This is an
opportunity that should not be missed.

CATTLEYA MAXIMA PERUVIANA.
This is the finest variety of this fine Cattleya; great varia-
tion in colour and marking have been noted in former importa-
tions, and we are assured by our Collector that the lot we
now offer is particularly rich in choice and striking forms.
There is now considerable difficulty in collecting this variety
of maxima, and many miles of hitherto unexplored country
had to be traversed before this consignment was got together.
The plants offered are in fine condition, many of them being
large masses.

ONCIDIUM AMPLIATUM MAJUS.
A really magnificent lot of this lovely Oncid, pieces of great
size, and in splendid condition, are offered.

ODOXTOGLOSSUM HYSTRIX GRANDIFLORUM.
This truly beautiful Odontoglo*sum has reached us in
capital order. We can only offer a few plants, but they are
very good.

ONCIDIUM PHAL^NOPSIS.
Collected in a new district, and we are informed that the
varieties found amongst them are much superior to anything
we have had before.

CCELOGYNE DAYANA.
In finest possible condition. These plants are in baskets,
and are doing remarkably well ; it is a grand species, producing
pendulous racemes bearing as many as two dozen flowers.

BROUGHTONIA SANGUINEA.
This is a very fine lot of this charming Orchid; the plants
are large in size, in fine condition, and full of green leaves.

Hendon, N W.

UNRESERVED CLEARANCE SALE, by order of Mr. Pounce,
the ground being required for building.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, Pounce's Nursery,
Hendon, N.W., on TUESDAY, September 3, at 12 o'Clock,
without reserve, 4000 CARNATIONS, mostly Gloire de Nancy ;
1000 CHRYSANTHEMUMS, While and Yellow ; 3000 FERNS,
of sorts; large white LAPAGERHS and AZALEAS, BOU-
VARDIAS. and other PLANTS. The erections of 7 GREEN-
HOUSES, 120u feet of 4-inch Hot-water PIPING. BOILERS,
loose lights, horse, market VAN. and Sundries.

May be viewed the day prior and morning of Sale. Cata-
logues had on the Premises, and of the Auctioneers and
Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C.

Great Annual Trade Sales of

GREENHOUSE and other PLANTS.
Important to Nurserymen. Florists, and Others.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS beg
to announce that the GREAT ANNUAL TRADE SALES
have been fixed as follows : —

WEDNESDAY, SEPT. 11.— At the NURSERIES, Swanley
Junction, Kent, by order of Mr. P. Ladds.

THURSDAY, SEPT. 12— At the LONGLANDS NURSERIES,
Sidcup, by order of Messrs. Gregory & Evans.

MONDAY, SEPT. 16.— At the DYSON'S LANE NURSERY,
Upper Edmonton, by order of Mr. H. B. May.

TUESDAY, SEPT. 17— At the BURNT ASH LANE NUR-
SERIES, Lee, S.E., by order of Messrs. B. Mailer &
Sons.

WEDNESDAY, SEPT. 18. — At the LEA BRIDGE NUR-
SERIES, Leyton, E., by order of Mr. John Fraser.

THURSDAY, SEPT. 19.— At the BRIMSDOWN NURSERY,
Enfield Highway, by order of Mr. John Mailer.

FRIDAY, SEPT. 20.— SPECIAL TRADE SALE of ORCHIDS,
at PROTHEROE AND MORRIS' ROOMS.

Full part'Culars will appear in due course.

Splendid Bulbs from Holland.

SALES every MONDAY, WEDNESDAY, and SATURDAY,
in Large and Small Lots, to suit all Buyers.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent
Garden, W.C., every MONDAY, WEDNESDAY and SATUR-
DAY, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely each day, first-class
consignments of choice named HYACINTHS, TULIPS,
CROCUSES, NARCISSUS, SCILLAS, and other BULBS,
arriving daily from well-known farms in Holland.

On view mornings of Sale and Catalogues had.

Special Sale of Orchids In Flower and Bud.

MR. J. C. STEVENS begs to announce that
his NEXT SPECIAL SALE of ORCHIDS in FLOWER
and BUD, will take place at his Great Rooms, 3tf, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C.. on THURSDAY, September 12. and he
will be glad if gentlemen desirous of ENTERING PLANTS
FOR THIS SALE, will please SEND LISTS AS SOON AS
POSSIBLE.

Tuesday, August 27, 1889.
SALE ROOMS, CANAL, SALISBURY.
IMPORTANT SALE of ORCHIDS and other STOVE and
GREENHOUSE PLANTS, from the Pyt House Gardens,
the property of V. F. Benett-Stanford, Esq., comprising
about 370 Pot Plants of Orchids in variety, Specimen
Palms, Gardenias, Allamanda, Rondeletias, Davallias,
Mooreana, Cyperus, Pilea Muscosa, Dractenas. Anthuriums,
Poinsettias, Crotons in variety, Pandanus Veitchii, Cala-
diums, Acalyphas, Euchris amazonica, and mauy others,
including a number of very fine Specimen Plants, and such
as should command theattention of Gentlemen, Gardeners,
and the Trade, and which

MESSRS. WATERS and RAWLENCE are
instructed to SELL by AUCTION, at their Rooms,
Canal, Salisbury, on TUESDAY, August 27, 1889, commencing
at 12 o'Clock. [S501.

Catalogues of the Auctioneers, Canal, Salisbury.

KERRY COWS.— Forty of these useful and
ornamental little animals; also Forty JERSEYS, and
other CATTLE, will be SOLD, on TUESDAY NEXT, August 27,
at the Annual Sale of Stock, on the Aylesbury Dairy Company's
Farm, 2 miles from Horsham, Sussex.

Catalogues may be obtained from THE AYLESBURYDAIRY
COMPANY (Limited), Stammerham, Horsham, Sussex ; or
from Messrs. KING and CHASEMORE, Auctioneers, Horsham,
who will also execute Commissions free of charge.

WANTED TO PURCHASE, a SEED
BUSINESS ; good going ; with or without Small
Nursery. Or a PARTNERSHIP in the same would be enter-
tained. Full particulars to
A. D. I., Messrs. Hurst & Sons, Seedsmen, Houndsditch, E.

TO BE SOLD, a bargain ! ! ! A grand old
NURSERY, in the West of England. Established up-
wards of a century, containing about 20 acres of rich fertile
Soil, enjoying special climatic advantages, splendid young
Stock, nearly 40,009 feet super of Glass, Trade Buildings,' large
and commodious Dwelling House. Held on lease. Incoming
£3500.

Apply for particulars to Messrs. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS,
Auctioneersand Land Agents, 67 and 68, Cheapside. London , E.C.

Extensive and desirable Nursery Business for Sale,

at Annan, Dumfriesshire.

THERE IS FOR SALE, by Private Bargain,
as a going concern, the Old-established NURSERY
BUSINESS, so long and successfully carried on, under the firm
of Messrs. John Palmer & Son, by the late William Palmer,
Nurseryman, Annan.

The Nurseries extend to 54 acres or thereby, 8 acres being
held on lease from Mrs. Clarke of Galabanks, which expires at
Candlemas, 1890, and 46 acres belonging to the trustees oE the
late Mr. Palmer, with whom arrangements could be made for
a Lease on very moderate terms.

The Nurseries are in the highest state of cultivation, and
the Stock is exceptionally healthy and good. It consists of
seedling and transplanted Forest Trees; seedling and bedding
Shrubs of all sorts ; and a fine collection of good growing
Coniferce ; with ornamental Trees, and Roses of the finest and
most varied sorts. There is also a fine and varied stock of Fruit
and other Trees, all in excellent growth and in great demand.
In connection with the Nurseries, there are Sheds and Grounds
set apart and completely fitted up, for propagating and other
purposes.

The Nurseries are situated close to the Station of Annan, on
the main line of the Glasgow and Soulh- Western Railway ;
and also near to the Station, on the line of the Caledonian
Railway Company.

This excellent situation affords a v ry ready and advantageous
outlet to all the English and Scotch Markets, and is one of the
great advantages which these Nurseries possess. There is also
a convenient outlet into Cumberland and the West Coast, by
the Solway Junction Railway.

Application for any further particulars may be made to
Messrs. BROWN and LITTLE, British Linen Company Bank,
Annan, who will arrange for inspection of the Nurseries.

FOR SALE, a FLORIST BUSINESS, in the
West-end. Nine Glass-houses, well suited for the
growth of Orchids and other Choice Flowers. Twelve and
a half years' lease. Full particulars.

J. P., 9, St. Peter's Square, Hammersmith, W.

TO FLORISTS and NURSERYMEN.— Com-
pact BUSINESS, Tunbridge Wells. In present hands
8years. Leasel6yearstorun. In-goiugforalllmplements, Glass-
houses, Plants, &c, by valuation, about £50. — Apply personally,
Messrs. WICKENDEN, 20, High Street, Tunbridge Wells.

NURSERY (Birmingham), Six large Green-
houses at low rent, or would Sell. The Houses together
or separately.— Apply, 22, Gt. Charles Street, Birmingham,

TO BE LET, at Michaelmas next, the PILT-
DOWN NURSERIES, Maresfield, Sussex, 2\ Miles from
Uckfield Station (L. B. St, S. Coast Railway), and a little more
from Buxted and Sheffield Park Stations. These Nurseries
were for many years owned and occupied by the late Mr.
James Mitchell, one of the most successful ex%ibitors of Roses
of his day, and they are particularly suitable for their growth;
they are also well adapted for all kinds of Coniferce and
Flowering Shrubs, also Fruit and Forest Trees. They contain
what is said to be the finest avenue of Araucarias in England,
upon which there is now a valuable growth of Cones. The
Nurseries are about 15 Acres in extent. There is a good and
convenient Dwelling-house, well and pleasantly situate. There
is a Clerk's Office detached, and Seed Stores adjoining, and
Greenhouses and Pits, also convenient Stqbles, Cow Sheds,
Cart Lodges, Yards, &c, and there is a right of Pasturage over
Piltdown Common adjoining. The Nurseries are well stocked
with Roses of the bei>t kinds. Ornamental Shrubs, Fruit and
Forest Trees, &c. It has been for five years, and is now, in the
occupation of Mr. G. W. Piper.

For full particulars, and to view, apply to MARK SAND-
FORD, Estate Agent, Maresfield, near Uckfield, Sussex.

Channel Islands.

TO LET, Ilighfield, St. Saviour's, Jersey,
delightful RESIDENCE, with 15 Green and Hot Houses,
in full bearing.

Particulars, Mrs. BRAYN, on Premises.

GRASS LAND TO LET, 1 to 10 Acres,
suitable for Nurserymen and others, on Lease, 7, 14, or
21 years. Rent £12 per acre, with the option of the Purchase
of Freehold within the first seven years. No Tithe or Land
Tax. Near the main road, Enfield Highway, about 9 miles
from London, and ten minutes from Railway Station.

Apply HENRY MOORE, 59, Bishopsgate Street Within.

'T'O BE LET, at Michaelmas next, the'PILT-

J- DOWN NURSERIES, Maresfield, Sussex, 2£ miles from
Uckfield Station (L. B. and S. Coast Railway), and a little
more from Buxted and Sheffield Park Stations.

These Nurseries were for many years owned and occupied by
the late Mr. James Mitchell, one of the most successful ex-
hibitors of Roses of his day, and they are particularly suitable
for their growth. They are also well adapted for all kinds of
Coniferce and Flowering Shrubs, and Fruit and Forest Trees.
They are about 15 Acres in extent.

The Nurseries are well stocked with Roses of the best kinds,
Ornamental Shrubs, Fruit and Forest Trees, &c. It has been
for five years, and is now, in the occupation of Mr. G. W. Piper.

They are an easy distance from the Stations on the London,
Brighton, and South-Coast Railway, on the direct Tunbridge
Wells and Brighton Line, and are therefore in direct railway
communication with these towns, as well as Lewes, Hastings,
and Eastbourne.

For full particulars, and to view, apply to MARK SAND-
FORD, Estate Agent, Maresfield, near Uckfield, Sussex.

LANDSCAPE GARDENING. — Designs
Prepared and Work Superintended in any part of the
country. For terms, apply to
THOMAS H. MAWSON, Landscape Gardener, Windermere.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

(JOHN COWAN), Limited,

Make SPECIALTIES of the following:—

ORCHIDS, of which they have an immense stock, and they are
constantly receiving fresh importations from various parts
of the world.

ORCHID BASKETS, made of the best Teak and Copper Wire.

COWAN'S PATENT ORCHID POTTERY, which should be
used for all Orchids.

ORCHID PEAT of best quality. Sphagnum MOSS. Best
Wood CHARCOAL.

TEA and other ROSES In pots. The Company have a
large and splendid stock, all healthy and vigorous.

FERNS, a large and fine stock of the leading kinds.

GRAPE VINES. The Company's Stock is, as usual, unsur-
passed by any in the country. Strong Vines raised from
eyes this season, fit for immediate planting.

ROMAN HYACINTHS, 1st size, 5 to 6J inches circumference,

17s.6d. p. 100; 2nd size, 15s. p. 100; 3rd size, 12s. 6rf. p. 100.

The Company offer all the above at the lowest possible

prices. New Illustrated LIST, post-free, on application to

THE VINEYARD AND NURSERIES,

GARSTON, LIVERPOOL.

Strawberries, from the Garden of England.

GEORGE BUNYARD and CO. can now
offer very fine Runners and Plants in small pots of all
the finest kinds. LIST free.

Old Nurseries, Maidstone.

GENISTAS.— For Sale, a few thousands, in
3-inch pots, at 9s. per 100 ; fine bushy plants, in 40-pots,
5s. per dozen.

Cash with order to be made payable at High Street,
Leyton.

T. BALDWIN and SON,
Edith Nursery, Burchall Road. Leyton.

RHUBARB.— 20,000 large Roots, ten years
old, suitable for forcing. £1 per 100, on rail. Cash with
order. J. J. CLARK, West Brighton. Sussex.

Just harvested In splendid condition, a fine sample of

TRIFOLIUM 1NCARNATUM, English Seed.
Sample and Price very low of
HARRISON and SONS, Seed Growers, Leicester.

AtrorsT 24, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

207

DUTCH FLOWER ROOTS.

JAMES VEITCH & SONS

BEG TO ANNOUNCE THAT THEIR

BULB CATALOGUE FOR 1889

Has now been Posted to all their Customers ; any one not having received the same, a Duplicate
Copy will immediately be forwarded Post-free on application.

ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY, KING'S ROAD, CHELSEA, LONDON, S.W.

AMAZONIAN ORCHIDS. — Collections of
1 dozen good-sized flowering plants, established generally
on blocks. Cattleyas superba splendens, El Dorado (in variety),
luteola, Coryanthes, Scuticaiia. Galeandras, Paphinias, Epi-
dendrum, Oncidium, Stanhopea eburnea, Rodriguezia,
Schomburgkia, Brassias, Brasavolas, Catasetums, Sobralias,
Gongoras.

Delivered at Liverpool at steamer for £6 per dozen. Freight
and packing free. All orders must contain draft for amount
on Para" Branch of English Bank of Rio de Janeiro (London
Office, 2a, Moorgate Street, E.C.), to which Bank reference is
made.

C. E. HERBERT and CO., Para", Brazil.
Caixa no correio 151.

PRIMULAS and CINERAMAS, Is. M. doz.

.1 Herbaceous CALCEOLARIAS, of an extra superb strain,
of our own saving, large Mowers, rich and varied colours,
beautiful form, 2s. per dozen ; Seed, Is. Gd., 2s. Gd. per packet.
Good Plants ready for potting.

BOUVARDIAS, fine plants, in 2^ pots, ready for potting on for
winter flowering, in good and varied sorts, to name, 3s. per doz.

CYCLAMEN", of an extra fiue strain, of our own saving, good
plants for potting on, 3s. and 4s. per dozen. The chief merit of
this strain is the vigour of growth, varied colours, and freedom.

GERANIUMS, for winter flowering, strong young plants,
ready to pot now into large pots to establish for blooming in
October and November, finest named kinds, 4s. and 6s. per doz.,
double or single.

CATALOGUE of all you want for a Garden, free for 3 stamps.

WM. CLIBRAN and SOX, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham ;
10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.

Roman hyacinths, narcissus,
LILIUMS, TUBEROSES, and many other FRENCH
BULBS, grown and offered by LOUIS BREMOND, fils,
Ollioules, Fr.ince.

WHOLESALE LIST on application to WILLIAM DEN-
MAN, 7, Catherine Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C.

Raspberries and Strawberries.

FASTDLF is the best RASPBERRY for crop
and quality, strong Canes, 4s. per 100.
STRAWBERRIES. LAXTON'S NOBLE, 8s. ; SIR JOSEPH
PAXTON, 2s. Sd. ; JAMES VEITCH, 2s. per 100.

BRINKWORTH and SONS. Plant Growers, Reading.

OEEDS FOR PRESENT SOWING.
O CABBAGE.

BARNES' NORWICH MARKET, the earliest, Is. per ounce.

7s. 6rf. per pound.
BARNES' GREAT EASTERN, the largest, Is. per ounce,
7s. 6d. per pound.

ONION.
BARNES' GIANT ROCCA, the mildest, 9d. per ounce,

6s. per pound.
BARNES' WHITE MAMMOTH, the best white, 6d. per packet,

Is. 6d. per ounce, 12s. per pound.
The best quality only. Post-free. Price LISTS Gratis to all

applicants.

T Tf. "R A T? "W 1? S t16 years Managing Assistant

0 . -Ci. _D.tt.ni> -QO with Daniels Bros.),

The " Great Eastern " Seed Stores,

9, EXCHANGE STREET. NORWICH.

ROSES I N POTS.

Fine H.P. ROSES, established in pots, very fine either to
pot or for forcing next spring, or for planting out in beds now,
18s. per dozen, worth 30s.

CLEMATIS, in the finest sorts, all named, 9s. and 15s. per doz.

Fine Hardy CLIMBERS, for Trellises, Arbours, Rockeries,
all good plants, in pots, to plant now, 9s. and 12s. per dozen.

12 Lovely Variegated IVIES, all with beautiful foliage, 12s.

Send for CATALOGUE of all you want for a Garden free for
3 stamps.

WM. CLIBRAN A.JD SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham ;
10 and 12, Market Street. Manchester.

W. GORDON, Importer of ORCHIDS.

. A N IMMENSE STOCK of recently imported

-£X plants compels a SALE of the ESTABLISHED PLANTS
to make room. They have not yet flowered, but are all flower-
ing plants, and must be sold at a GREAT SACRIFICE. Very
valuable varieties are certainly to be obtained, and great bar-
gains. See Public Journals for high prices recently obtained.
The SPECIAL OFFER affords a PAYING INVESTMENT to
an>one with glass at command, which should not be over-
looked. Such plants may never again be offered to the Public
and Trade. Good Established Plants : —

25 in 25 species and varieties £3 3 0

50 in 50 5 5 0

100 in 100 „ 10 10 0

CATALOGUE of the above large stock held on application to

W. GORDON,
The Nurseries, Amyand ParkRoad, Twickenham, Middlesex.

1££2L. BULBS

FLOWERING

iiiiiimttititim ii

HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUSES,
SNOWDROPS, NARCISSI, LILLIES, &c.

IN GREAT VARIETY.

tS'Best Qualities only. tSTrices most moderate.
Descriptive Priced Catalogue (No. 362)

POST FREE ON APPLICATION.

IIII1I11IIIIIIIIMIIIIIIIIIFII'

The Royal Nurseries

and
Seed Establishments

DlCKSONS

(Limited)

Chester.

RIGOROUS,

r lnirl "Rnnr

Hand-

STRAWBERRY y ,aid Eu™ and

UlllHIf ULIllll plantsinp0t9. New and

t>t SMTO best varieties.

Catalogue on application.

DlCKSONS,

(Limited).

THE
NURSERIES,

CHESTER.

PALMS AND FOLIAGE.

SPECIALTIES.

An immense Stock always on hand of the leading varieties,
in finest possible condition. ARECAS, CHAILEROPS, CORY-
PHAS, COCOS, KENTIAS, LATANIAS, SEAFORTHIAS,
PH<ENIX, FICUS ELASTICA, ARALIAS. A very large Stock
of extra-sized plants of the above varieties, from 6 to 12 feet.

WILLIAM ICETON, Putney Park Lane, Putney; and 129 &
130, Covent Garden Flower Market.

CANNELL, KENT.

MULTUMINPARVO
The Best of Everything for the Garden.
Send for a Catalogue.

ROSES IN POTS;

all the best New and Old English and Foreign
sorts, from 18.s. to 36s. per dozen.

Descriptive LIST Free on application.

richardImith & CO,

Nurserymen and Seed Merchants,

WORCESTER.

FERNS A SPECIALTY.

W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,

FERN NURSERY,

SALE, MANCHESTER.

LILY OF THE VALLEY.
First-class German flowering Crowns.

Any quantity.

H. D A M M A N N, Jun.,

Breslau.

PALMS. — Leading decorative sorts in many
sizes, great quantities, and in finest health.
FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Nurseryman, Richmond, Surrey,
and Flower Market, Covent Garden, W.C.

O + -p rt Tjrr V| PIT*! P ft

CHARLES TURNER can supply all the
leading varieties, extra strong, in small pot5*. LIST
and prices on application.

The Royal Nurseries, Slough.

The Best Present for a Gardener.
INES and VINE CULTURE.

The most complete and exhaustive Treatise on

Grapes and their Culture ever published.

New Edition.

Price 55., post-free 5s. Qd.

A. F. BARRON, Royal Horticultural Society, Chiswick.

STRAWBERRIES.— Leading kinds, in 3|-inch
pots, for immediate Planting or Potting on for Forcing.
Send for LIST.

FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Sheen Nurseries, Richmond,
Surrey ; and Flower Market, Covent Garden, W.C.

LILIES EXTRAORDINAR Y.—
LILIUM AURATUM RUBRO VTTTATUM, true, pure
white, no spots, dazzling crimson band up the centre of each
petal, and suffusing the whole of the petal ; the most striking
flower seen. In pots, with 4 to 6 flower buds, 7s. Gd. each,

LILIUM AURATUM VIRGIN ALE, pure white, no spots or
markings, except a beautiful golden band up the centre of each
petal ; rarest Lily in Japan, and marvellous flower. With
4 to 6 flower buds, 7s. 6d. each.

LILIUM ALBUM KRATZERI, pure white flower buds
showing or in flower, Is.Gd. Medals received wherever shown.
Numerous other LILIES in pots. Apply to

W. GORDON, The Nurseries, Twickenham.

VjT of Choice Stove Plants.

OXERA PULCHELLA — dense clusters, 8 to 10 inches
across, of pure white, funnel-shaped flowers, about 2 inches
long and 1 inch across. Flowers in winter very lasting,
graceful and beautiful. 5s.

SCHUBERTIA GRAND IF LOR A— flowers white with de-
lightful, almond-like fragrance, produced in large trusses,
similar to Stephanotis. Excellent for cutting. 2s. Gd. and 3s. Gd.

STEPHANOTIS FLORIBUNDA— the finest variety in cul-
tivation, and freest bloomer, flowering at every joint, and
blooms in a lower temperature than any other variety we
know. Is., Is. Gd., 2s. Gd., 3s. Qd.t 5s. ; and fine specimens,
2ls., 31s. Gd.t and 40s. each.

STIGMAPHYLLUM CILIATUM (Golden Vine) — flowers
rich orange, similar to the lovely Orchid Oncidium flexuosum.
Very distinct. 2s. Gd. each.

TOXICOPHLJEA SPECTABILIS (Winter Sweet) — large
dense sprays of white flowers, sweetly perfumed. Beautiful
winter-flowering plant. 2s. Gd. and 3s. 6^. each.

GLONERA JASMINIFLORA— one of the most beautiful
white-flowering plants foreither cuttingor decoration. Bloom*
in the winter or early spring, and worthy of a place in the
most select collection. 2s. Gd. and 3s. Gd.

CATALOGUES of these, and all you want for a Garden free,
by post from

WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham ;
10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.

STRAWBERRY RUNNERS for FRUITING
NEXT SEASON.— Thury, Paxton, President, and other
favourite varieties. Descriptive LIST, with prices, on appli-
cation. Sample of plants, post-free, 3d.

W. LOVELL and SON, Strawberry Planters, Driffield.

JERSEY FRUIT TREES AND ROSES.

Carriage Paid. Strong healthy trees, the finest that money can

buy. Roses wonderfully cheap. Cordons a t-pecialite. Before

ordering be sure to write for our Illustrated CATALOGUES.

JOSHUA LE CORNU and SON, High View Nurseries.

CUTBUSH'S MILL-
TRACK MUSHROOM SPAWN.
— Too well known to require descrip-
tion. Price Gs. per bushel ils. extra
per bushel for package), or Gd. per
cake ; free by parcel post. Is.

None genuine unless in sealed pack-
ages and printed cultural directions
I enclosed, with our signature attached.
WM. CUTBUSH and S O N,
Nurserymen and Seed Merchants,
Highgate Nurseries, N.

" EM ON OIL INSECTICIDE.—

JLi The best of all preparations for easily, cheaply, and
effectually cleaning Plants from Green-fly, Thrip Scale, Bug,
&c. Follow the directions, and you will always use it.

Pint, Is. 6rf. : quart. 2s. 9d. ; ^ gallon, 5s. ; 1 gallon, 9s. ; 4
gallons, 34s. Ask your seedsman for it, or apply to

WM. CLIBRAN axd SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham;
10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.

Wasps and Files.

Protect your Fruit from these pesta by using

DAVIS'S WASP DESTROYER, Post-free,
U. Vd. and 2s. Qd. per bottle, with full directions — a
certain remedy.

BEGONIAS (a Speciality") are now in full bloom, and will con-
tinue until the frost. A sight once seen never to be forgotten.
B. B. DAVIS, Yeovil Nurseries, Yeovil, Somerset.

ORCHLD PEAT, best quality; BROWN
FIBROUS PEAT for Stove and Greenhouse use. RHO-
DODENDRON and AZALEA PEAT. Samples and Prices to
WALKER AND CO., Farnborough, Hants.

208

THE GABDENEBS' CUB ON I CLE.

[AueusT 24. 1889.

CARTERS'

EARLY BULBS

To produce beautiful White and Coloured Flowers
for Christmas and £ aster Decoration.

WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS,

The Largest Bulbs of the Year.
Price— 140s. per 1000, 16s. per 100, 28. per dozen.

DOUBLE ROMAN NARCISSUS.

Price— 7s. 6d. per 100, Is. per dozen.

PAPER WHITE NARCISSUS.

Price— 7s. 6d. per 100, Is, per dozen.

VAN THOL TULIPS, Red and Yellow.

Price— 4s. 6d. per 100. 9d. per dozen.

THE EASTER LILY. The White Easter

Lily. We hold the entire stock of the largest culti-
vator of this lovely Lily.
Price— Is. and 28. each, 10s. 6d. and 218. per dozen.

ALL PARCELS CARRIAGE FREE,

Detailed Catalogue gratis and post-free.
Royal Seedsmen by Sealed Warrants,

237 & 238, HICH HOLBORN, LONDON.

1 1\ VARIETIES of STRAWBERRIES, which

J-v7 R. Gilbert considers the cream. They include all the
modern varieties, but the good old Standards are not forgotten.
Iu pots for forcing, and ordinary haud layers.

Send for R. G.'s STRAWBERRY LIST, where all are
described and priced, with Hints upon Culture. Warranted
true to name.

R. GILBERT. High Park, Stamford.

Dutch Bulbs Direct from the Growers.

ANT. ROOZEN and SON, of Overveen,
Haarlem, beg to state that their CATALOGUE for 1889,
containing details of their immense Collections of New, Rare,
and fine Bulbs and Plants (94 pages in English) is now ready,
and will, as usual, be sent post-free, on application to them-
Belves or their Agents, Messrs. MERTENS AND CO., 3, Cross
Lane, St. Mary-at-Hill, London, E.C.

12 Fine STOVE PLANTS, 12s„ 18j.

12 ,. GREENHOUSE PLANTS, 9s„ 18s.

12 Distinct STOVE and GREENHOUSE FERNS. 9s. or 18s.

12 Fine ORCHIDS, for Cool or Hothouses, 42s., 63s.

An immense stock of Plants on hand, an inspection invited
before buying elsewhere.

WM. CLIBRAN AXD SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham ;
10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.

QA AAA CLEMATIS, in Pots, of all the

OV/^V/V/V/ finest Double and Single Varieties (some
of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of
every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for
climbing and bedding, from 12s. to 24s. per dozen, strong
plants ; extra strong plants, repotted into 5^-inch pots, 2s 6a.
each ; Beauty of Worcester, a magnificent purple, excellent
for bedding, recently sent out by us. reduced price 2s. Gd, each.
Descriptive LIST on application.— RICHARD SMITH and CO.,
Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester.

BMALLER and SONS beg to offer to the
• Trade a very extensive and unusually well grown stock
of ERICAS (hyemalis and other varieties), EPACRIS, SOLA-
NUMS, GENISTAS, CYCLAMEN, BOUVARDIAS. ADIAN-
TUM CUNEATUM, and other Ferns, GARDENIAS, STE-
PHANOTIS, FICUS ELASTICA. CROTONS. GREVILLEAS.
TEA ROSES (in pots), BORONIA MEGASTIGMA, VINES
(in pots), &c. An inspection is invited.

Trade CATALOGUES forwarded on application.
The ANNUAL SALE by AUCTION will be held on
TUESDAY, September 17.

Burnt Ash Lane Nurseries, Lee, S.E.

DUTCH BULBS !— BULBS !— BULBS !—
Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcissi, Crocuses, Anemones, Ra-
nunculus, Lilies, and all other Bulbous Plants and Roots.
Goods delivered entirely free of any charge at destination in
Great Britain and Ireland. No packing charges. The most
favourable and easy terms ever offered. Only th- finest roots,
guaranteed true to name, supplied at lowest prices. Beauti-
fully illustrated English CATALOGUE for Amateurs, gratis
and post-free on application to VAN MEERBEEK AND CO.,
Growers, Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland.

BULBS — BULBS — BULBS.— The cheapest
offer of first-class Bulbs ever submitted to the Public,
the finest produced in Holland (selected by us on the spot)
being offered at Auction Prices. Many people last year doubted
the possibility of really first-rate Bulbs, true to name, being
offered at the rates we quoted, and only gave us half their
orders in order to compare the blooms with those produced
from bulbs supplied by other firms. Our Bulbs stood the test
in every case, and we have received many Testimonials of a
most flattering character. CATALOGUES now ready.
J. R. PEARSON and SONS, Chilwell Nurseries. Notts.

B.S.WILLIAMS

BEGS TO ANNOUNCE THAT HE HAS RECEIVED HIS

ANNUAL CONSIGNMENTS

DUTCH BULBS,

and is now executing Orders
for the same.

THE QUALITY OF THE BULBS

is unusually fine this year.

FOR PARTICULARS AND PRICES, SEE

ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE,

forwarded Gratis and Post-free to all applicants.

UPPER HOLLOWAY, LONDON N

<^PECIAL OFFER of FERNS for CASH.—

KJ Extra strong, in thumbs, for immediate Potting, in the
following varieties: — Pteris cretica. tremula, cretica cristata,
alba lineata, astata, serrulata cristata compacta, A. cuneatum,
and an extra fine lot of Lomaria gibba and Polypodium aureum.
Also a fine lot, in 48's, Pteris cretica, cretica major, cretica
criatata, serrulata cristata compacta, A. cuneatum, Polypo-
dium, Dicksonia antarctica, Grevillia robusta and cyperus.
Price for thumbs per 100 or 1000 and 48's per 100 on application
Inspection invited by
R. PENGELLY, Dyson's Lane, Upper Edmonton.

August 24. 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

209

WEBBS'

EARLY FORCING

FLOWERJOOTS.

FOMAN HYACINTHS.

EARLY WHITE Selected Boot* 2a. per doz.

Ditto 153. per 100.

FINEST NAMED HYACINTHS 63 to 128. per doz.

POLYANTHUS NARCISSUS.

DOUBLE ROMAN ... 3d. each. Is. 6d. per doz.

PAPER WHITE 3d. eacli, Is. 6d. per doz.

EARLY TULIPS.

DLIC VAN THOL, Single, Scarlet and Yellow,

9d. per doz., 5S. per 100.
Ditto Double Ditto 8d. per doz., 3s. 6d. per 100.

WEBBS'BULB CATALOGUE,

Beautifully Illustrated, and containing complete

Cultural Instructions,

Abu: Ready, Gratis and Post-free.

Seedamen by Royal Warrants to H.M. the Queeu
and H.R.H. the Prince of Wales.

WORDSLEY, STOURBRIDGE.

TRADE OFFER

PALMS, ETC.

ARECA LUTES

6s. 0(. to 24s. Orf. p. doz.

„ BAUERII

30 0 ,

■ 60 0

„ SANDKRII

21 0 ,

, 60 0 „

CORYPHA AUS

18 0 ,

, 30 0 ,,

CHAM.EROPS E. ...

24 0

, 15 0 each.

EUTERPE EDULIS...

6 0

, 24 0 ,,

GEONOMA ORAC

9 0

, 60 0 „

KENTIA BEL

9 0

, 60 0 „

„ FOST

9 0

, 60 0 ,,

LATANIA BORB

6 0

, 60 0 ,,

PHffiNIX REC

6 0

, 60 0 „

„ RUPICOLA ...

12 0

, 60 0 „

DRACiENAS, OPHIOPOGON.

FICUS,

PANDANUS

VEITCHII.

Prices for larger Plants on

application. Inspection invited.

WILLIAM ICETON, Pu

bney Park Lane

Putney, S.W. ;

and Flower Market. Covent Garden

ROSES FOR FORCING

Our stock this season is in splendid condition,

AND WE CAN OFFER

TEA-SCENTED, NOISETTE,

HYBRID PERPETUALS, &c,

in exceptionally fine, clean, healthy, well-
grown plants,

Established in 8-inch pots ;

also strong plants in 5-inch pots.

Our Prices are low for first-rate stock, and we shall be
pleased to forward quotations, Trade or Retail, on application.

OUR COLLECTION OF

O U T-D OOR ROSES

COMPRISES UPWARDS OF

150,000 Dwarfs and Standards,

and we are now Booking Orders for autumn delivery.
CATALOGUES forwarded on application.

JOHN CRANSTON & CO.,

King's Acre Nursery,

HEREFORD.

DUTCH BULBS CHEAP !

FRENCH BULBS CHEAP !

ENGLISH BULBS CHEAP !

See our Special Wholesale Catalogue of Bulbs.
Containing List of all the best varieties of HYACINTHS,
TULIPS, CROCUS, LILIUMS, DAFFODILS, SNOWDROPS,
IRIS, &c, &c, free on application.
Please compare our Prices before sending your Orders abroad.

W ATKINS & SIMPSON,

Seed asd Bulb Merchants,

Exeter Street, Strand, London, W.C.

STRAWBERRY
PLANTS.

We have a grand stock of Strawberry
Plants now ready, including all the choicest
varieties, which we offer in strong prepared
runners, Carriage Free. Per 100

LAXTON'S NOBLE, the superb new early, th'

best variety yet sent out ... per doz., 35

A. F. BARRON, splendid new mid-season

variety per doz., 5s.

COMMANDER, very fine, new sort, of splendid

flavour per doz., 5s.

WATERLOO, superb dark crimson ... per doz., Is.
THE CAPTAIN, tine new prolific ... per doz.. Is.

The following at 9d. per doz.. or 5s. per 100 : —
AUGUSTE NICAISE, PRESIDENT.
BRITISH QUtEN, LOXFORD HALL SEEDLING,
DR. HOGG, THE AMATEUR.

JAMtS VEITCH, FROGMORE LATE PIKE,

and niauv others.
100 in 10 choice varieties, our selection, 5s. Bd.
1000 in 10 „ ,, „ ,, 3">s.

,3s. 20 0

30 0

6 0

BULBS

FOR EARLY FORCINC.

14 (
17 (

10 (

15 I

10 I
Lonj

Carnage Free. Per 100.

HYACINTHS, ear'y v. hite Roman per doz.. 2s.
,, extra fine bu b« ... per doz., 2s. id.

NARCISSUS, Paper White, fine bulbs

per doz., Is. id.

,, new large flowered ... per doz, 2s. id.

., Double Roman, fine roots per doz., Is. 6^.

LILIUM HARRISI (the Bermuda Eastern Lily).

pure white deliriously sceuted trumpet flowers, superb
variety for forcing. "Potted now may be had in bloom
at Christmas and the new year.
Fine selected bulbs, per do/., 7s. id. ; per 100, 56s.
Extra fine bulbs, 7 to 9 inches in circumference, per doz ,
10s. id. ; per 100, 80s.

Our CATALOGUE of Dutch Flower
Hoots, Roses, Fruit Trees, Sec, is now ready,
and may be had free on application.

DANIELS BROS.,

TOWN CLOSE NURSERIES,

NORWICH.

PANSIES l-PANSIES M-PANSIES !!!

EXHIBITION FANCY VARIETIES.
12 CUTTINGS in 12 varieties, 2s. id. post-free.
S5 „ 12 .. 4s.

50 „ 25 ,, 6s. id.

100 ., 50 „ 12s.

20O ,, 100 ,. 30s.

(Two cuttings of each variety.)

Notwithstanding the very hot and dry season, my Pansies

never grew so well. My PansvForerniin has already put in 21,000

of the freshest, healthiest, and strongest cuttings it is possible to

conceive of. I can offer well-rooted, handsome blooming young

( 12 in 12 varieties, 4s. post-free,

PI ANTS J 25 " 2S " 8*-W- "

PLANTS < SQ >f M m 12s. H

( 100 „ 100 „ 30s. „

Here is a sample of the grand new aDd good varieties, -which
I will include in all the above collections of cuttings and
plants:— John Shaw, A.Ashcroft. My Lady (the largest Pansy).
Bob Montgomery, Geo.Crome, Princess Beatrice, Joe Chamber-
lain, Neil Mackay, John Pope (new), Mrs. Griffiths (new 1889,
very large), John Crab-be, and Mrs. Browell.

SEED saved this season from my world-renowned collection
of Pansies :— Show Varieties, Is. and 2s. H. per packet;
Fancy Varieties, Is. and 2s. id. per packet. (A 2s. 6a. packet
contains three Is. packets.)

Illustrated CATALOGUE Post-free.

New Edition,

THE COTTAGERS CALENDAR

GARDEN OPERATIONS.

Price 3d., Post-free 3%d.

W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand,

London, W.C.

Now ready, In cloth, lis. 6d.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
Vol. V., Third Series, JAN. to JUNE, 1889.
W. RICHARDS. 41, Wellington Street, Strand. W.C.

M. CUTHBERTSON, F.R.H.S.,

PANSY GROWER,

ROTHESAY, SCOTLAND.

STRAWBERRIES.

Strong Roots, 4s. per 100. Plants in small pot", 16s. per 100 ;
ditto, in large pots. 25s. per 100. Descriptive LIST free.
RICHARD SMITH AND CO.. Nurserymen and Seed Merchants,
Worcester.

TIIE

SATURDAY, AUGUST 24, 1889.

GLASGOW BOTANIC GARDEN.

AFTER having been closed to the public for
some two years, the famous Glasgow Garden
was re-opened to the public at the beginning of
the present summer. Whether the course taken
by the City Corporation is strictly legal or not,
seems to be a matter of dispute. Indeed, the
affairs of the Glasgow Garden seem as involved
as were once those of the Garden of the
Royal Horticultural Society at South Ken-
sington before the happy exodus of the
Society took place. In some particulars
there seems to be a close correspondence
between the history of the two institutions, but
while, on the one hand, the result to horticul-
ture proper of the removal of the Society from
South Kensington, and its divorce from fashion
and frivolity has been wholly beneficial, the
close of the Glasgow Garden, on the other hand,
would be an unmixed evil to the progress of
horticulture and botany, and a serious detriment
to the sanitary and social welfare of the inhabi-
tants. The situation is briefly this :— Early in
the present century the Royal Botanic Institu-
tion was founded, and received a Royal Charter.
The finances of the Institution did not prosper,
and eventually a sum of money was borrowed
from the Glasgow Corporation for the purpose
of erecting a fine range of houses, illustrated
in these columns on a former occasion (pp. 271,
275, 279, vol. xxi., n.s., 1884). Like the
South Kensingtonians, the residents of Glasgow
did not show their appreciation of their fine
garden, still less did they realise the great im-
portance to a commercial and manufacturing
city of a properly equipped Botanic Institute
and Museum, where all branches of horticulture
and botany might be studied, and especially those
practical developments which lie at the root of
so much of the prosperity of Glasgow.

The consequence has been, that the Institute
was not only burdened with debt, but found
itself unable even to pay the interest upon it. In
this way the debt (reckoning interest and prin-
cipal) now amounts to about £54,000, and

210

THE GARDENERS3 CHRONICLE.

[August 24, 1889.

the Corporation, acting as the Commissioners
did at South Kensington, entered into pos-
session. The city magnates, however, have
throughout shown a higher sense of justice,
a keener appreciation of right and wrong,
and a fuller apprehension of their duties
than the Commissioners, and if they for a time
closed the gardens to the public, they have taken
good care of them till circumstances should per-
mit them once more to render them available to
the public. If worst came to worst, the gardens
would be sold — a disgrace to the city which we
are happy to think is not at all likely to ensue.
The Glasgow citizens are far too keen to allow
such waste, and worse than waste, to happen. They
are, as every one knows, about the most pushing
and prosperous community in the kingdom. Fet-
tered although they have been by legal doubts and
disabilities, and prevented from developing the
interests, scientific, practical, and social, of the
gardens, they have not only saved them from
destruction, but kept them up in good condition.
Mr. Bullen, on whom the charge has rested, is
too good a gardener to do anything else.

The city, too, boasts a University whose his-
tory the citizens may look back upon with pride,
whose present condition they may regard with
complacency. The welfare and the development
of the Botanic Garden are, of course, matters of
absorbing interest to that great school of science.
With such interests at stake, and such motives
for their promotion, we cannot but look forward
with hope to the future.

The solution of the present difficulty lies in
the settlement of a boundary question. At
present the garden is at Hillhead, which is out-
side the city boundaries, and it was felt that the
citizens could not fairly be taxed to keep up an
institution beyond their frontiers. Parliamentary
sanction has been solicited for permission to
extend the municipal area, and to secure a scien-
tific frontier in place of the present arbitrary
one ; but Parliament has a good deal to
do, and so much time has been taken up
with various other matters, that Glasgow,
like many another place, has had to wait,
and still waits. In the meantime, under all the
circumstances few will be found to blame the
action of the authorities of the city in the course
they have taken of opening the garden at a low
rate of admission. This we may look upon as
the precursor of the establishment of the garden
as a public institution free to all.

When that happens, there will be no fear that
the garden will deteriorate as a place of recrea-
tion and a healthful resort, that the ornamental
positions will be neglected, or that open spaces
will be unduly encroached upon. The rights of
the public in these particulars are sure to be
studied. The love of horticulture is widely dif-
fused among the merchant princes of Glasgow as
elsewhere. Orchids are well nigh as fashionable
in the neighbourhood of the city on the Clyde,
as they are near the Thames or the Mersey, and
when that is the case it is the fault of the
managers of botanic gardens if they do not pro-
fit by the circumstanoe, and establish relations to
the advantage of all parties. In and near
Glasgow, too, are enterprising nursery firms of
high repute, and nursery firms are usually good
friends to botanic gardens, understanding the
advantages of " give and take." At the same
time, aswehavealreadymentioned, there has been
in the past, a close connection between the Univer-
sity and the garden, and the interests of science de-
mand that this should be made still closer. It is not
too strong an expression to say that out of
Glasgow sprang Kew. Our predecessors have
told us what the zeal and energy of Dr. (after-

wards Sir William) Hooker did for botanical
science and the Glasgow garden in the time of
his professorate. Indeed, we have only to turn
to the Botanical Magazine to see for ourselves
how important a botanical centre the Glasgow
garden then was, and how largely and wisely the
Professor availed himself of the opportunities
which the great foreign and colonial com-
merce of Glasgow placed at his disposal to
import, describe and distribute plants of
economic, decorative, or scientific interest. It
was as the direct consequence of what Dr.
Hooker had done for Glasgow that he was
appointed to take the superintendence of Kew —
with what results we all know. The commercial
relations of Glasgow with all parts of the world
must be enormously greater now than in those
days, her imports far larger, her manufacturing
industry vastly increased. These circumstances
furnish ample reason for the development of
botanical research, the study of economic botany
in all its departments, and the establishment of
museums and technical libraries under the direc-
tion of a University Professor.

New or Noteworthy Plants.

EULOPHIA BELLA, N. E. Br. (n. sp.).
This charming novelty has been introduced into
cultivation from the Zambesi region through the
exertions of Mr. J. O'Brien, of Harrow, and has
flowered for the first time with Mr. Gumbleton in
Ireland. It was originally discovered during the
Zambesi expedition, conducted by Dr. Livingstone,
on the Manganja mountains by Mr. Meller, in
September, 1861, and has possibly been distributed
from Kew, as Lissoehilus No. 3, Meller. The
original label states that it was found growing
amongst Cereals, Sedges, &c., in and near cultivated
land in plains between the Manganja mountains.
It is an exceedingly pretty species, the combination
of the colours yellow, white, carmine, rose, green and
brown making it very attractive ; the flowers are of
good size and substance, and quite equal to E.
streptopetala, Ldl. (Lissoehilus Krebsii. Rchb. f.), in
beauty, although entirely different in colour, and
will probably be found to be quite as easy to culti-
vate. The pseudobulbs measure from about 1J to
2} inches in length, and f to \\ inch in breadth ; they
are prostrate, somewhat flattened, and connected in
a chain-like manner, forming a sort of jointed
rhizome, growing prostrate on the ground, and
throwing out roots along the sides. Leaves (only
two seen) 6 inches or more long, f to J an inch
broad, thick, and somewhat fleshy-coriaceous
channelled down the face, glabrous, green, not
produced on the flowering tubers, or, at least,
not from the same point. Scape, Ik to 2.} feet high,
green, mottled with purplish, glabrous, without
leaves, but having several acute, green sheaths,
closely applied to the stem, those at the base crowded,
and overlapping each other, the upper ones distant.
Raceme bearing a dozen or more flowers. Bracts
narrow, oblong, acute, concave, about k inch long,
green, stained with brown. Pedicel and ovary
together about % inch long, green, glabrous. Flowers
1\ inch in diameter. Sepals ovate-oblong, acute
reflexed, dull purplish-brown, with the base and
spaces between the central nerves green. Petals
broadly ovate, obtuse, about seven lines long, and
the same in breadth, clear chrome-yellow on the
back, rosy-carmine, with darker veins on the face.
Lip three-lobed, side-lobes adhering along their
hind border to the sides of the base of the column,
their front margin nearly straight, front lobe about
J inch long, oblong, obtusely rounded at the apex,
concave beneath, elevated above, with three promi-
nent keels on the disc, spur straight and conical ;
the outside of the lip is whitish or creamy, pale
yellowish on the underside of the middle lobe, and
dull green at the apex of the spur; the inside is
rosy-carmine, with darker veins on the iide-lobes,

and the disc and keels of the middle lobe clear
vellow. N. E. Brown, Herbarium, Kew.

MoNTBBETIA SECUBIGEBA, B.C.

An interesting form of this curious species
was recently brought to Kew by Mr. James
O'Brien, who has imported a quantity of it from
Grahamstown. The typical form has reddish-orange
coloured flowers, with some yellow spots on the three
lower segments, from which arise the curious quad-
rate or hatchet-shaped processes from which the
specific name (hatchet bearing) is derived. But
among Mr. O'Brien's plants was one specimen in
which these processes are wanting, although in one
flower on the spike there are slight rudiments of
them, in all other respects the flowers are identical
with the normal form. Mr. O'Brien tells me the
plant does well and flowers very freely out-of-doors,
and is probably nearly hardy if kept dry during the
winter. K E. B.

MiLTONIA ScHBODEEIANA (ODONTOGLOSSUM SCHBO-
DEBIANUM, Eckb. /.).

This is a gem of the first water, and the lovely
plant of it bearing twenty-five flowers in the collec-
tion of R. H. Measures, Esq., excels even the glowing
description given to it when first introduced. The
flowers which resemble in outline those of Miltonia
Karwinskii, but with lip even more showy and ample
than that of M. Warscewiczii, are borne from five to
seven together on four spikes, about 1 foot in height.
The sepals and petals are yellowish-white, barred
with brown ; and the showy labellum is of the richest
crimson on the basal half, and pure white on the
outer half. The whole plant has a soft greyish-green
hue of the same cast as that of M. vexillaria, but
more shining. It is one of the rarest and prettiest
of recent introductions. J. O'B.

HECKFIELD HALL, WINCH-
FIELD.

A visit recently made to Heckfield Gardens,
Winchfield, gave the assurance that, although
the recent death of the patriarchal Viscount
Eversley had necessitated some reduction in the
labour expenditure of the estate, yet Mr. Wildsmith
appears determined that the general condition
of the gardens shall not materially decline.
Everything appears to be as orderly, and in
respect of fruit crops, &c., of as high quality, as in
any former period. One misses on the terrace-garden
some of the rich carpet-beds of former years ; yet this
feature of gardening is not altogether unrepresented.

The flower garden. — But the flower-garden is highly
effective, and maintained with scrupulous neatness.
Mr. Wildsmith allowed many of the winter things,
and especially the dwarf Retinosporas and other
Coniferous plants, to remain in the beds, and filled
in with tuberous-rooted Begonias, and such things
as Heliotropes, Fuchsias, &c. This was done for
the reason above set forth ; still the terrace-garden
appears as beautiful and attractive as ever. The
specimen Retinosporas planted out permanently on
the grass are highly effective, the golden forms being
particularly handsome. Single and Cactus Dahlias
find a place in the large vases and stone basket-beds,
associated with tall Pelargoniums. Marguerites, &c. ;
and that wonderful walk in the kitchen garden,
lined on either side with a dense hedge of Cupressus
Lawsoniana, kept closely clipped, with a narrow
border at the foot of it, appears as attractive as ever.
Though less elaborately planted than in previous
years, Cactus and Single Dahlias form the back-
ground, the branches tied out flatwise against the
hedge ; the carpet design is worked out in variously
shaped panels and designs with Herniaria glabra,
Sedum glaucum, and one of the low-growing varie-
gated Sedums, with Retinospora, green aud varie-
gated ; Chamoepeuce, and other plants, in their midst.
Alternate panels are formed of Mesembrvanthemuin
cordifolium variegatum; flowering Begonias are also
introduced with great advantage. On the terrace-

August 24, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

211

garden Messrs. Sutton & Son's charming Begonia
Princess Beatrice forms one of the loveliest of dot-
' plants. On the terrace are some vases filled with
plants of the New Zealand Flax, and they make
handsome objects.

The pleasure-grounds are, as usual, scrupulously
neat. Tree and shrub alike seemed to have put on
the best possible leafy dress. On the slope falling
away towards the drive which leads in the direction
of Bramshill are some very line specimen Coniferce,
that in the form of tree and colour of foliage pre-
sent a singular contrast to Beech, Oak, Elm, and
others, that flourish so luxuriantly on the estate.
The following may be specially mentioned : —
Abies cephalonica, A. nobilis, A. magnifica, A. con-
color, A. Douglasi, of which there are several
very fine specimens ; Pinus insignis, and Crypto-
meria japonica. But this by no means exhausts the
list. On the banks of the ornamental water are
some very fine clumps of Arundo conspicua, with
their silvery plumes gilded by the rays of the sun in
the pleasant evening-time. It has a great advan-
tage over the Pampas Grass (Gynerium argenteum),
that its inflorescence is seen at its best at the end of
July — much earlier than the latter. Some clumps
of Bambusa Metake near the water's edge are also
conspicuously fine.

Fruit Gardens. — The Viueries exhibit, as usual,
Mr. Wildsmith's prowess as a Grape grower. The
Lady Downes' house has a heavy crop of promising
bunches ; Muscats are quite up to their well-known
form ; and in the late vineries Black Hamburgh,
Gros Maroc, Alicante, Madresfield Court, and others,
are carrying good crops of fine bunches.

Of Strawberries there has been a great crop.
Laxton's Noble has proved itself an excellent early
variety ; and though Mr. Wildsmith cannot say it is
of the best quality, it is yet of great value as furnish-
ing an early crop. Noble and Viscountess Hericart
du Thury are being prepared for forcing ; the latter
is found the best main crop variety for that pur-
pose. President is grown only in small area ; Vis-
countess is a better cropper and finer quality at
Heckfield than the last named.

Peaches have been an excellent crop under glass.
The earliest was Alexander, and was followed by
Hale's Early, Bellegarde, Dr. Hogg, Crimson Ga-
lande, Grosse Mignonne, and Noblesse. Of Nec-
tarines Lord Napier leads the way, followed by
Elruge and Pitmaston Orange. On walls in the
open Peaches and Nectarines show very good crops,
and the trees are in fine condition. Out-of-doors
the following varieties do well at Heckfield : — Alex-
ander, Dymond, Sulhamstead (a fine variety, greatly
resembling Noblesse, and ripening at the end of
August and in September), Stirling Castle, Violette
Hative, and Princess of Wales. Royal George is
subject to mildew on the foliage very much in the
open ; but of all the Peaches to rely on for a crop
outside, none can compare with the Nectarine
Peach, a variety that always bears well.

Melons and Figs are excellent crops under glass ;
and Tomatos are produced in great abundance, and
very fine.

In the open the Apricot crop is a small one, but
the condition of the trees is very good. Moor Park
is the best, and the Shipley is also grown.

Of Plums there are on walls excellent crops of
Early Rivers (which was ripe in the middle of July
on a west wall), Jefferson's, Kirke's, Autumn Com-
pote, Pond's Seedling, Victoria, Old Orleans, Wash-
ington, and Greengage. On east and west walls
alike the trees fruit well.

. The Pear crop on walls and elsewhere is almost a
failure through the ravages of the caterpillar. The
best crops are on trees against a south wall. Louise
Bonne of Jersey, Beurr6 Hardy, Marie Louise,
Seckle, and Duchesse d'Angouleme, are the most
fruitful.

Apples all round are a failure ; the foliage of the

trees was stripped by the caterpillar before the fruit

was set, and this is characteristic of the Heckfield

district.

Vegetables are remarkably good all round, Mr.

Wildsmith still stands by such good old sorts as
Champion of England and Ne plus ultra Peas. Oue
of Messrs. Sutton & Sons' specialties, a fine green
Marrow named Satisfaction, is highly spoken of.
Gladiator and Sturdy are regarded as two very fine
market Peas — good croppers and excellent quality.
Sutton's Giant White Cos Lettuce appears to be all
that is required in a summer Cos Lettuce ; and in
the light fertile soil of Heckfield Autumn Giant
Cauliflower comes very fine.

Sutton's Early Regent Potato is of admirable
quality as an early variety— a most excellent table
sort ; and Abundance, a remarkably fine main crop
variety. E. D.

COLOUR IN PLANTS.

(Continued from p. 187).

The foregoing facts will once more show how
much there is to learn as to the origin of the different
kinds of reds and purples, whether in the foliage or
petals. Mr. Sorby could not succeed in deriving
erythrophyll (red coloring matter), from tannic acid
(a cause of some yellows), and came to the conclu-
sion that "it seems difficult to account for the produc-
tion of erythrophyll by any mere chemical change."
That light is necessary in some cases to produce a
red is seen in the fact that when one leaf partly hides
another, as in Ampelopsis Veitchii, the latter will
photograph the outline of the former in green (where
shaded) on a red ground (where exposed). This red
is a degradation product, and apparently not a true
erythrophyll, as in Coleus leaves, when we think
of the red and yellow of the stem of Cuscuta, the
purples of some Orobanches and Lathrsa, none of
which produce any chlorophyll. It is clear that in
these cases such colours have never been derived
directly from the parasite, but indirectly from the
host, and may thus be comparable to the coloured
solution or granular matter of flowers. So that while
chlorophyll may be credited as giving rise directly
to some, other colours can only by referred to its
action indirectly. In pursuing his researches on
erythrophylls, Mr. Sorby found that reds are referable
to two kinds of substances, one unoxidised (in
active leaves of Rhubarb and flowers of Calceolaria
and Dianthus), and the other to the same when
oxidised (autumn red leaves). This discovery seems
to corroborate the view that reds in active leaves,
unlike yellows, are not strictly products of chlorophyll
at all, but collateral substances. On the other hand,
yellow tints in leaves mostly indicate some imper-
fection of chlorophyll, and have a feebler vitality, as
is general with variegated plants, which become
intensified through oxidisation in autumn, when
vitality ceases altogether.

" When chlorophyll is dissolved in bisulphide of
carbon several different crimson and red substances
are formed, but it is uncertain whether some are
exclusively or only mainly due to the blue, and some
to the yellow chlorophyll. ... It thus appears
that chlorophyll is, in the first instance, decomposed
by light into various coloured compounds, which
become colourless on further exposure, and that
these may be developed so as to be very conspicuous
or scarcely visible, according to peculiar conditions."
If such results occur in the laboratory, it opens out
possibilities which may account for the occurrence of
reds as resulting from chlorophyll directly ; but, as
Mr. Sorby says, " there are a variety of conditions,
not yet completely understood."

The latest observations, however, tend to show
that yellow colouring matter is not derived from the
green colouring matter of chlorophyll, for M. Cour-
chet has discovered that the solid yellow " chromo-
leucites are always proceeds from an uncoloured
leucite, or else from a grain of chlorophyll ; but
the pigment only appears in the most frequent
case, when the chlorophyll has disappeared. In no
case does the coloured pigment proceed from the
direct transfer of chlorophyll."*

* Bicherchas sur les Chromolcucites, Ann. des Set. Nat. Bot.
7 sir., tome vli., p. 263.

Yellows are due to members of the xanthophyll
group as well as to others, such as the chrysotannin
group.

In yellow variegations in leaves this colour is due
to relative increase of yellow chlorophyll over the
blue chlorophyll, and in autumn leaves the yellow is
a product of chlorophyll by oxidisation, and if ery-
throphyll is present, it unites with the xanthophyll,
and may pass from orange to scarlet. Now, it seems
extremely likely from Mr. Sorby's researches, that
analogous processes have something to do with the
colourisation of flowers, and " since the chemical
changes taking place in leaves are manifestly re-
lated to their vital state, it seems by no means
improbable that the production by cultivation of
very different colours in flowers, naturally of nearly
uniform character, may be due to some kind of
abnormal change in their vital powers, thus modify-
ing chemical affinities." As illustrating these re-
marks, Mr. Sorby adds : — " Though there is a
material difference in different cases, yet, on the
whole, the various substances of the chrysotannin
groups changed by oxidisation from more or less pale
yellow to orange or red compounds, and some of
these readily pass into blue or green, or into brown
modifications of greater stability, apparently by
undergoing some molecular change, independently
of further oxidisation."

As an illustration of the little we know about
causes, is the fact that of all the yellows of the
xanthophyll group, Mr. Sorby found that yellow
xanthophyll was the most stable under sunlight, yet
the very flower, yellow Chrysanthemum, from which
he obtained this, is the one Mr. Burbidge refers to
as readily fading to white when exposed.

(4) and (5). Bud-vabiation Hybridisation.

The variations of colouring which appear on sepa-
rate shoots of the same plant, or what is called bud-
variation, have often been recorded, the Chrysan-
themum, as recent writers have observed, being a very
characteristic plant in that respect. But when we
look for a cause, it at present escapes us. Similarly,
why second and subsequent crosses raised from hybrids
should be so variable is not known, though it is easy
to see how colours combine, such as reds and yellows,
making orange tints. But why white should, so to
say, eliminate one of two colours, as is the case with
Mr. Veitch's Rhododendron mentioned by Mr. Bur-
bidge, is not known. Similarly, when Princess
Alexandra (white) was crossed with P. javanicum
(orange), the offspring formed a series with pink
corollas. Another as yet unrecorded instance is one in
which the white Princess Alexandra was crossed with a
crimson-scarlet Duchess of Edinburgh ; the offspring,
called Monarch, being of a bright yellow-orange, this
signifying that the crimson out of the scarlet is nearly
eliminated, the yellow, which was only recognisable
in the scarlet tinge, now appears as the main colour,
this yellow being traceable to the grand-parent, R.
Brookeanum var. gracile. Further, two colours may
eliminate one another. Thus, Purity (a pale yel-
lowish white) is derived from Rhododendron Teys-
manni (Golden-yellow) crossed by Taylori (pink).
It is suggestive here of the presence of an acid and
an alkali, which, when combined, produce a neutral
salt, which, perhaps, is colourless, but it is impossible
at present to speak positively. Another result is the
dissociation of colours, as when two different colours
refuse to blend, but appear as spots, blotches, stripes,
&c, in the offspring. This seems to show some
want of affinity, but at present it is quite inexplicable,
and we must be cautious against at once concluding
a sufficient cause, merely because one observes the
fact.

Mr. Burbidge appears to refer the blue colour of
some flowers to the blue element of chlorophyll, or
what Sorby calls blue chlorophyll ; but it is doubt-
ful if this be the case. The remark quoted above
from Sorby hints at the probability of blue being a
degradation product, like the yellows and browns of
autumn leaves. Moreover, I am not aware that blue
extracts give any spectrum resembling that of blue
chlorophyll, but in point of fact but little lias been

212

THE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE.

[August 24, 1889.

observed with blue flowers. One curious result of
an aciJ is that when " yellow xanthophyll," as
obtained from a yellow Chrysanthemum, is treated
with a little hydrochloric acid, it is decomposed,
first into a new and paler yellow substance, and
afterwards into a fine deep blue colouring matter.

Evolution and Colours of Plants.
With regard to the evolution of colours, observa-
tions appear to corroborate the idea that the order is
yellow, orange, red, pnrple, blue ; and Mr. Sorby came
to the conclusion that a yellow leaf implies " low con-
structive energy." It agrees with red and olive Algre
in this respect ; so that while we can use the terms
" weak and strong " as applicable to the constructive
energy of the higher plants, they run parallel, so to
say, with lower and higher types of energy in dif-
ferent classes. "If this conclusion be confirmed, it
would be an important fact in connection with the
theory of evolution, since it would show that, as in
the organisation of animals, where development is
arrested, there is a more or less permanent con-
tinuance of a lower type of structure, so in plants
there is a permanent continuance of a lower type of
colouring" (Peg. Chrom., p. 483).

Colouring and Insect Fertilisation.

High colouring of flowers may be generally con-
sidered as the result of nutrition and vigour, and
whatever cause tends to increase this latter, ceteris
paribus may brighten the colours of flowers. I
have suggested elsewhere that the weight and
pressure of insects, when visiting flowers, act as
a local stimulant ; thus the prototy pe tends to respond
to these invitations setup, the result being modifica-
tions in the size and form of the various organs ; and
in many cases an intensity of colour with specially
localised spots, streaks, &c, wherever the proboscis of
the insect travels in search of honey. For the line of
argument in support of the probability of this con-
clusion, I must refer the reader to my work on Floral
Structures.

All things considered, the reader will now see how
truly Mr. Sorby wrote when he said the subject of
origin of vegetable colours, or " chromatology," is in
its infancy. I would only add, that if florists would
register any peculiarity they may notice in hybrid-
isation, in plants grown in special or artificial
manures, or under varying conditions of light, heat,
and moisture, it would be a great aid to those who
attack this subject with the view of arriving at some
sound generalisations. The practical outcome might
be that the florist, to some, perhaps a large extent,
could in future assist Nature in arriving at certain
colours required, or even put her on the track to
make them. George. Henslow.

THE AMERICAN APPLE CROP.

We take the following particulars relating to the
Apple crop from the report of the Agricultural De-
partment of Nova Scotia, an advance copy of which
has been obligingly sent us.

United States.

During the month of June there is usually a
decline in the condition of Apples, insect damage
being common, and injury resulting from late frosts,
or unseasonable weather earlier, becoming apparent
during the month. The returns of last month in-
dicated very poor prospects in most of the States of
large production, although in the more northern
districts it was too early to give more than an approxi-
mate statement of condition, the season not being
then sufficiently advanced to show definitely the
damage resulting from cold and frost. Eeturns for
July show that this damage was more serious than
was expected, and the decline during the month has
been generally and unusually heavy. This decline
has been especially heavy in New England and New
York, where the young fruit has dropped badly, and
caterpillars have been active locally. In this group
of States, Khode Island and Connecticut alone give
promise of a fair crop, to be attributed perhaps to the

fact that last year, when the crop was one of medium
size elsewhere, these States had but a small yield. In
Connecticut, especially during the past few seasons,
the bearing habit seems to have been reserved, the
most abundant crops coming in odd rather than even
years.

The unfavourable nature of the present returns
can be best appreciated by a statement of condition
in a few of the States where Apples are largely pro-
duced. The basis of the return is 100, representing
a full crop, uninjured by weather, insects, or other
unfavourable conditions. Maine stands at 85 ; Ver-
mont, 65; Massachusetts, 63 ; New York, 59 ; Penn-
sylvania, 65 ; Virginia, 78 ; North Carolina, 85 ;
Tennessee, 71; Ohio, 62; Michigan, 70; Indiana,
76 ; Illinois, 86 ; Kansas, 80.

Nova Scotia.

In Annapolis and King's there is a decided in-
crease in acreage of Apple and Plum orchards and
small fruits. The orchards are, somewhat silently,
but surely, extending and growing in importance in
nearly all the counties of the province. The efforts
of the Fruit Growers' Associations, effects of exhibi-
tion, and the increased domestic use of fruit, are all
aiding in bringing about this result. Still the pro-
duction of fruit for distant markets is limited very
much to two counties — Annapolis and King's. In
the former, the orchards this season reported
variously in the several districts, as (1), in poor
condition ; (2), in good condition, and set well ;
(3), as having suffered from caterpillar and canker-
worm, now looking well, fruit set moderately full,
and maturing satisfactorily ; Plums a poor show ;
(4), appearance of trees good, but no fruit worth
mentioning ; (5), present condition of orchards very
good, considering insect onslaughts, and fruit very
well set ; (6), orchards making more than usual
growth ; a small quantity of fruit set, but growing
finely; (7), a very full blossom ; later sorts did not
set well ; the earlier, such as Gravensteins and
Kings, very plenty and promise well.

In King's County, reports from leading fruit dis-
tricts are somewhat similar: — (1), blossomed well,
but not a full setting, scarcely an average crop,
maturing well ; (2), set fair, but dropped very much,
at least 20 per cent, below average ; (3), set well,
and maturing satisfactorily; (4), blossoms unusually
numerous, but failed to set heavily, trees growing
well, many destroyed by caterpillar and canker-
worm, and will be a total loss this year ; (5), not set
abundantly, young fruit dropping ; (6), Apples same,
owing probably to frost ; (7), blossomed pretty well ;
(8), good.

As regards the leading market varieties of Apples,
Bridgetown reports all winter sorts not over 50 per
cent, in quantity ; Kings and Gravensteins 100.
At Round Hill, quantity 25 per cent, below average ;
there, and at Annapolis, Greenings half a crop ;
Baldwins, 75 per cent. ; Gravensteins, 80 ; Rib-
stons and Yellow Bellefleur, 100 ; Nonpareil and
King of Tompkins, 100. At South Farmington also
the crop will be 25 per cent, short, while Clements
estimates a crop of 85 or 90 per cent. ; Nictaux, 50
to 75 ; and Paradise from 40 to 130. Kings, Bald-
wins, and Gravensteins, are the only sorts reaching
to or above 100.

Nearly all reports speak of the fruit being likely
to be of unusually fine quality, the trees having a
comparatively small crop to mature, and the season
being favourable both for growth and early maturity.
But English fruit-growing gardeners know very well
that bark growing trees will not mature perfect
fruit, unless they are subjected to severe summer
pruning; many, no doubt, if not all of our fruit
growers, know this just as well.

Ontario.

Frosts in the latter part of May caught the orchards
in blossom, and the result was a wholesale destruc-
tion of fruit. Apples have suffered teiribly. In
many orchards an Apple is hard to find; in others
there is as high as half a crop, but in no section is
there a full yield. The Northern Spy is specially

mentioned as having escaped severe injury. Pears,
Plums, Cherries, and Peaches were also injured in
the blossom. Grapes fell an easy prey to frost; in
some instances the wood was killed to the earth, but
as a rule the second bud started. Strawberries were
half a crop, and Currants gave a light yield. Rasp-
berries have done remarkably well.

UNUSUAL HARDINESS OP
CERTAIN TENDER PLANTS.

It is no uncommon occurrence to hear of plants
having the reputation of being perfectly hardy in any
soil or situation, failing to re-appear above the sur-
face, even after one of our average winters is past, to
say nothing of those which may be characterised by
extreme severity ; but whether the winter of 1888
and 1889 may figure as exceptionally severe, or not,
there was abundant severe frost — I believe we
registered — 25° to kill anything which may fairly
be classed as bedding plants, but I have one or two
instances in the little garden fronting my cottage
quite the reverse. I make no pretence at a general
bedding-out system, and suffice merely by putting
out a few odds and ends to make it as gay as possible,
and for as extended a season as circumstances will
permit.

Last summer I planted out Tuberous Begonias,
Fuchsias, Coleus, Nicotianas, Pentstemons of the
gentianoides section, and a few others, to fill in the

F. W. BURBIDGE, M.A.

We have already alluded to the gratifying recog-
nition on the part of the authorities of the University
of Dublin of the claims of horticulture on academic '
honours in the person of Mr. F. W. Burbidge. We I
now avail ourselves of the opportunity of presenting
our readers with a portrait (fig. 29) of the gentleman
thus distinguished. It is a matter of the more gratifi-
cation to us, in that we have been privileged to watch
the career of Mr. Burbidge from the time when he
was a Chiswick student to the present time, when he
occupies a foremost place in the ranks of the craft.
We may further allude to the circumstance as a grati-
fying evidence of the utility of the educational
scheme once acted on by the Royal Horti-
cultural Society, but which, for various reasons
has been allowed to fall into abeyance. Now that
the Society has been reorganised on a more
purely horticultural and a more popular basis, it
might be well if steps were taken to reorganise the
scheme, and thus promote the best interests of
horticulture by bringing the best men to the front.

Mr. Burbidge was born at Wymeswold, in Leices-
tershire, in 1847, became a student at Chiswick in
1868, and gained honours from the Society and the
Society of Arts. On leaving Chiswick, Mr. Bur-
bidge passed some time at Kew, where, among other
things, he paid much attention to the art of botanical
drawing. In 1873 he became attached to the
Garden newspaper, and since that time he has been
a frequent contributor to the gardening press. His
work on Cultivated Plants is, in spite of some defects
in arrangement, one of the most useful works ever
compiled, and one which always stands ready for
reference on the Editor's table.

His work on the Narcissus, written in conjunction
with Mr. Baker, is well-known to all cultivators of
that genus, which, largely through his exertions, has
again Decomeso popular. His travels in Borneo and
the Sulu Archipelago, on behalf of Messrs. Veitch, not
only resulted in the introduction of various species
of Nepenthes and other plants, but largely increased
our knowledge of the botany of those islands. His
Gardens of the Sun, a book in which he gave an
account of his wanderings, has deservedly taken a
high rank in the literature of travel. In 1879, Mr.
Burbidge was appointed Curator of the Botanic
Gardens attached to Trinity College, Dublin. His
success in that capacity is known to all. horticul-
turists, and has now, as we have seen, been recog-
nised in the gracious manner already recorded.

August 24, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

213

spaces between dwarf H.P. Roses, Pyrethrums,
Lychnis Haageana, masses of Violas, Pinks, &c; in
fact the bedding plants named were planted over
clamps of Tulips, Crocuses, and the like, after they
had completed their season's work. Last autumn
my attention was so much taken up elsewhere that
the Begonias were left to themselves, and for the
time forgotten. I examined one of the tubers early
in the year, but the heart appeared frosted, so I
returned it to its place, thinking all the rest were
in a similar state. But judge my surprise when I
saw one pushing through the soil a few weeks ago
as sturdy and vigorous as ever. Yes, there was no
mistake about it, and on looking round I found
another, two tubers having not only survived, but
will make fine flowering plants also this season,

In the same garden Nicotiana affinis has proved
a true herbaceous perennial, and is now flowering for
the third time in the same position, a fact which
lends value to an already popular plant, inasmuch as
it may be planted ad libitum in shrubberies and
similar places where it could display its beauty to
advantage, and fill the evening air with fragrance,
all for the cost of the original planting. The hybrid
forms of Pentstemon gentianoides, however, I regard
as the most valuable of all, for we know too little of
the real wortli of these plants as summer bedders.
Too often the small plants obtainable in spring
barely reach flowering size before the autumn, and
even then one or two spikes are all that are produced.
On the plants in my garden are some fifteen or
twenty spikes each, in various stages, some in flower,

Roses.

POT CULTURE AND PROPAGATION.

We are now looking for the autumn bloom on our
Roses out-of-doors ; indeed, at the time of writing,
I could cut plenty of large handsome blooms of Tea
Roses, and an abundance of that beautiful Bourbon,
Souvenir de la Malmaison. There is a sufficient
supply of hybrid perpetual blooms, and under glass
Marechal Niel is producing a second crop of highly-
coloured flowers. What troubles us most at this
season is mildew, which spreads freely amongst the
hybrid perpetuals, and if the leaves are not cleansed
from it, not only does thej'qualityj of the flowers

1 . \V. Bl UBIDGE. M.A.

many buds being even now apparent. That these
tnberous Begonias were comparatively hardy I was
fully aware, but I also had the conviction that the
least frost was fatal to them, but here they are
living examples, and barely 2 inches of soil above
them. Let the reader remember that these were
forgotten for the time, and then lie will realise that
not the slightest protection was afforded them.
There were a dozen planted originally, and these two
• are the only survivors, and these I shall still allow
to remain, jnst to see if they are capable of further
■endurance. Nor is this all that passed the winter
in my small garden, for I have two Fuchsias — one
Mrs. Marshall and the other Monarch, both well-
known kinds, a plant of each of which has started
fresh growth, though it must be stated that the
latter is somewhat weakly, while the three longest
of the new growths on Mrs. Marshall are fully
6 inches long.

others in bud, and so on, which will form a rich
display for some time.

In such gardens, where light, well-drained soils
abound, there should not be much difficulty in keep-
ing these through the winter, and where beds are
devoted to them, some common bracken (Pteris
aquilina) would meet their requirements. By an
attempt thus to save them, fine specimens and much
earlier bloom result, but should the beds be needed
for spring bedding arrangements, then the old plan
must be adhered to still, as the old plants do not lilt
at all satisfactorily. J.

Die Naturlichen Pflanzen familien.— Dr.
Kngler and Dr. Prantl's useful publication on the
natural orders of plants lias now reached its thirty-
fifth part. In it the Aristolochiacea) are treated of
by Dr. Solereder ; the Rafflesiaceai, by Count
Solms ; and other orders, by Dr. Engler.

sull'er, but the damaged leaves are anything but
attractive in appearance. Sulphur mixed with soft
soapy water, and applied to the leaves with a syringe,
will destroy the fungus; but more than one appli-
cation is required. The mildew generally appears
after a spell of hot, dry weather, and neglected Rose
bushes suffer most from its attacks.

After the summer blooms have been cut, if the
weather continues to be dry, the surface of the ground
ought to be stirred up with a hoe. If it be hard, a
draw-hoe is necessary ; indeed, we found the ground
so hard this year, that ordinary hoes of the draw or
Dutch type were useless, and I bad two made of good
steel, in form like a carpenter's adze. With this we
managed to break up the ground as deep as was ne-
cessary to prevent it from cracking. The ground
should be well watered where necessary, and mulched
over the surface with decayed manure. Mulching
and watering are among the most important points

214

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Arocsr 24, 1889.

in Rose cultivation, and a liberal supply of water
should be given once a week. We do not grow many
standard Roses, although most of the dwarfs are
either budded on the Manetti or the seedling Brier.

I mentioned, at p. 753 of the previous volume, the
importance of lifting and replanting the Rose bushes
once in three years, and I was pleased to hear Dean
Hole remark at the Rose Conference, that lifting and
replanting the Roses in his garden at Rochester had
been attended with beneficial results. Owing to
various causes, the plants require re-arranging after
the third season ; and when they are out of the
ground, suckers can be cut back close to the base,
and the long, thick, fibreless roots can be much
shortened. The result of this during the first sea-
son, is a mass of fibrous roots close to the base, and
the show of bloom is good, even the first season. If
the Roses have been many years on the same bed, it
is well to remove some of the old exhausted loam,
and replace it by some old decayed turf. A layer
of good manure 15 or 18 inches below the surface is
an excellent application if the season after replant-
ing happens to be a dry one.

Roses in pots suffer much from mildew ; and when
they are placed in a warm position, red-spider will
also aid in extracting the juices from the leaves. As
a rule in private establishments, Roses grown in
pots are not well attended to from the time they
pass out of bloom until they are put in to force
again ; but the best results cannot be obtained
unless the plants have careful attention during that
period. Generally, Roses grown in pots do better
out-of-doors during the summer and autumn than
they do under glass. Tea or other tender varieties
would do best under glass, if in a light airy house
not over-crowded with other plants. In cold wet
districts, other Roses might also be all the better for
glass protection. We generally re-pot them in July
each year. Roots push away freely at once, and the
Roses are firmly established before the end of the
season, and this is absolutely necessary in the case of
those intended for early forcing. Free daily syring-
ing of the leaves during the growing season, with
rain-water, if possible, will keep the plants clean
and healthy, and they never do well unless placed in
an open position.

It has been a good season for budding. All good
Rose growers learn to bud their own Roses ; and
the more enthusiastic do the work in the evening.
Large growers have to continue the work all day,
but the evening is the best time, as the buds have
the advantage of the cool night. The Manetti and
seedling Brier stocks are budded close to the ground,
and the standards as close as possible to the stem.
The propagation from cuttings may be done during
this month or next. I do not like them to lose their
leaves, and therefore plant them on the north side
of some low wall or fence, and cover with hand-
lights, or they may be planted in a frame of pre-
pared light soil ; but the point is to keep the bright
sunshine from them, and they must not be too close
in the frames, or they are likely to damp off. All
cuttings ought to be taken off with a heel attached.
J. Douglas.

DECORATIVE PLANTS AT MOOR
PARK.

The value of the standard old flowering plants in
decorative work was well exemplified at the Moor
Park flower show on August 14th, when Mr. Mundell,
Lord Ebury's gardener, arranged effectively a whole
tent with foliage and flowering plants. The arrange-
ment although extensive was very carefully worked
out, and an excellent example of floral work resulted.
One thing could not fail to be noticed — and with the
greatest pleasure by gardeners of the old school —
and that is the beauty of the old plants chiefly used ;
prominent by their beauty being many large speci-
mens of white and blue Campanula pyramidalis ;
elegant plants of the white Francoa, with ten or
twelve flowering spikes. Nierembergia gracilis, Tra-
chelium cccruleum in various shades ; several excel-
lently flowered Eucomis punctata ; Begonia nitida,

B. argyrostigma, Fentas carnea, Diplacus glu-
tinosus, Vinca rosea, and Vinca alba, Rivina
humilis in berry, white and crimson Lilium
lancifolium, Achimenes, pretty plants of that most
effective old light Fuchsia Rose of Castile,
and other well-known plants of olden time, among
which the large pyramid specimens of Rollisson"s
Unique Pelargonium was a grateful reminder of days
gone by. These charming flowers, set up with foliage
plants, such as Palms, Ferns, and tall plants of
Amaranthus salicifolius, formed a display well worth
the run to Moor Park to see, although the six or
eight tents devoted to the exhibition were all well
filled.

The large tent, with groups of plants, was full of
valuable specimens well arranged. Among the best
was an extensive arrangement set up by Mr. Condie,
gardener to S. J. Blackwell, Esq., of Harrow Weald,
who had some magnificent Kentias, large specimens
of Alocasia Sedeni, A. zebrina, and A. metallica, set
up with well-coloured Crotons, flowering plants, and
Maidenhair Ferns. Mr. Deane, gardener to the Earl
of Essex, had a brilliant group, in which large speci-
mens of Eucharis amazonica and other flowering
plants contrasted well with the richly coloured
Gladioli in pots. In the arrangement of Mr. Myers,
gardener to Lord Clarendon, the many plants of the
fragrant white Gesnera tubiflora (odora) were very
attractive ; and Mr. Bye, gardener to Mrs. Gladstone,
Northwood Hall, had a very extensive and fine
arrangement, chiefly of well-grown Ferns, some of
which were rare species.

Fruit Register.

AMERICAN POTATO CROP.

Potatos. — The present returns show some enlarge-
ment of the area devoted to Potatos, although the
increment is apparently smaller than has annually
appeared during the past few years. In the older
States the enlargement is small, probably not
keeping pace with the increase in consuming popu-
lation ; but in the newer districts, where settlement
is still active, and in those where the preponderance
of a single crop is giving way to a diversification of
products, the increased breadth is material. The
total acreage will probably exceed 2,500,000 acres,
although no final estimate of acreage in any crop
will be made until the results of a special thorough
census test now in progress are known.

July condition of Potatos is usually reported high,
the crop still having the trying season of its growth
to pass. In the South, a good portion of the crop
is already made at this date, and in some other dis-
tricts the early crop is practically assured ; but these
are very small items in the aggregate production, and
the weather, exemption from insect enemies, and
other causes of loss after that date, very largely
determine the size of the total crop. The present
returns make condition slightly lower than last year,
but not far from the average for a series of years at
this date. It stands at 951 against 95'7 last year,
932 in 1887, 966 in 1880, and 97 in 1885. The
July figures, however, can only serve to show present
condition at the time of the report, and cannot be
taken as any very safe indication of the final crop
result. During the last four years the July standing
and the final crops of the year have been : —

Years.

Standing
.Inly 1.

Crop.

Per Acre.

1885

1886

1887

1888

97-9
96-6
93'2
J7-9

Bushels.
175,029,000

163,051,000

134,103,000

196,000,000

BusheU.
77-2

73-5

56'9

790

In 1887, condition was but two-and-a-half points
lower than last year, but the difference in the season
later made a difference in the yield per acre of more
than 22 bushels. Should present condition be
maintained throughout the season, a crop somewhat
above 200,000,000 bushels would be made, but the
records of past years show that such high condition
is rarely sustained till harvest.

ALEXANDER PEACH.

This is the earliest Peach that I am acquainted
with. The fruits, too, are large, handsome, and
highly coloured. I commenced picking ripe fruit
from a tree on a wall having a south-west aspect on
July 15. It is, moreover, a strong-growing and' free-
bearing Peach, and, therefore, should find a place
in all gardens enclosed by a wall or fence of some
kind. Here the Alexander Peach is quite a fortnight
earlier than the Amsden.

Orleans Plum.

There is no more useful and frei'-cropping purple
Plum than the old Orleans, it being alike useful for
table and culinary purposes. Trees here occupying
south, west, and north aspects, on walls, are all well
cropped with fruit of first-rate quality. It is true
the trees are in fine condition, being young, vigorous,
and healthy. Intending planters should make a note
of all kinds of fruit trees which do well in a season like
the present. They may take it for granted that
varieties of good quality which do well during un-
favourable seasons will also yield satisfactory, crops
during all fairly good seasons. H. W. Ward,

ORCHID-HOUSES AT SHIPLEY
HALL.

In our issue of June 8, this year, we gave a note
of the garden, and especially the new Orchid-houses
at the fine estate of E. M. Mundy, Esq., at Shipley
Hall, and we have now the pleasure of giving an
illustration of the range of houses referred to in that
note. It will be seen by it that the praise we accorded
Mr. Wm. Elphinstone, was indeed well merited, for few
collections can boast of healthier plants or a better
display of bloom. The range was built by Messrs.
F. Sander & Co., of St. Albans, and every requirement
which their knowledge of Orchids has suggested
has been provided. The houses are built of Pitch
Pine, and varnished, not painted, and a Pitch Pine
trellis along the walk renders the house comfortable
to visitors, while the floor beneath can be kept so
wet as requisite to preserve the necessary humidity.
Overhead will be seen a very fine show of varieties
of Odontoglossum citrosmum, while the first division
has many magnificent forms of Odontoglossum
crispum, O. Pescatorei, together with Cattleyas.

THE POTATO DISEASE.

During the last few days the disease has spread
very rapidly, and it began sufficiently early to destroy
three parts of the Ash-leaved kidneys and other
early varieties. The Early Vermont, of which a
large breadth was planted in a field, has suffered
almost as much as those ; indeed, the only Potato
that does not at present show any trace of disease is
the Champion. The haulm is ver_v vigorous, and we
may hope that this sort may escape. It seems a
waste of printer's ink to speculate as to the cause of
the disease, or to suggest anything to prevent it,
except to dig up the old crop, and destroy all the
diseased tubers, and to burn every scrap of haulm that
has been affected by it. Evidently, farmers and others
do not think anything of attempting to stamp it out
in this way ; they leave the diseased tubers to rot on
the ground, and the dessicated tops to blow about
hither and thither, whereas it might be easy to make
a large fire in the field, and so to burn up the dried
haulm and decayed tubers together. Evidently the
farmers do not know anything about the transmis-
sion of the disease from one season to another by
means of the diseased tubers and affected haulm. As
far as one is able to judge, the disease seems to be
developed by a favourable state of the weather — that
is, for the fungus. Dr. Lindley wrote very clearly and
well about the disease in the Gardeners' Chronicle for
August 23, 1845, the year when it first appeared in
England as a national calamity ; and I do not think

■fcoGtrsr 24, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS1 CHRONICLE.

215

we can say much more about it now. He says, " the
cause of this calamity is, we think clearly traceable
to the season. During all the first weeks of August
the temperature has been cold, from two to three de-
grees below the average — we have had incessant rain
and no sunshine." It was just such weather that
brought the disease last year, followed by a deluge of
rain in the last days of July, which almost annihi-
lated our crop. Those who have noted the spread
of the disease from year to year would also observe
that the rotates suffer most when heavy thunder
showers follow excessive heat. Early in July this
year it was excessively hot, the haulm flagged very
much by day, and the plants seemed as if they would
stop growing altogether, at a time when the
tubers could not have been half-grown. How-
ever, a change came suddenly by a terrific
thunderstorm, which broke immediately over us,
and lasted nearly three hours ; all that time the
rain fell heavily, and before it cleared off, an inch
in depth had fallen. The result of this was, that the
haulm was badly attacked in a few days afterwards.
It is noteworthy that the season of 1815 was in cha-
racter similar to the last two, at least as regards this
neighbourhood. Dr. Lindley, in the article alluded
to, says, "If the first days of July had not been
suddenly hot, it would not have happened, and per-
haps it would not have occurred had the temperature
been high instead of low, even although the sun did
not shine, and rain fall incessantly. It is the con-
tinuation of untoward circumstances that has done
the mischief." The learned Doctor added that the
unusual warmth of the beginning of July had been
preceded by " a period of cold, ungenial weather ; at
that time the temperature of the soil near London
was beween 60° and 68° ; the Potatos grew exces-
sively fast, their tissue was soft and unconsolidated,
filled with azotized matter, as all such tissue usually
is, and peculiarly liable to run into a state of
rottenness.'' The predisposing causes of the
disease are here clearly stated ; but the ques-
tion arises, " In what way does it help us to
combat the disease ? " All attempts to arrest its pro-
gress are useless [!]. I note the remarks by " A. D."
about "the basin in the ridges, formed of the moving
stems, to be a receptacle for spore-laden rainfalls.''
That would happen on heavy soils if high winds and
heavy rainfalls came together, but I do not see that
it has occurred anywhere, either in the garden or the
field here ; and the disease threatens to destroy the
crop. I have just examined the kidneys — Ashleaf,
Myatt's Prolific, and one we had under the name of
Uxbridge Kidney. They are all alike. I am on the
safe side when I say that three-fourths of the crop
•are diseased. We have a mid-season white variety,
of which I am not sure about the name. The haulm
is badly attacked, but it is still sound at the base ;
one and two tubers on each plant have the disease,
and many have the white spots alluded to in my few
remarks at p. 158. (We have a very different tale
to tell now — August 10). This variety has not been
earthed-up, and is planted on a sheltered dry border.
The experiments made a few years ago in the gardens
of the Royal Horticultural Society at Chiswick with
Mr. W. G. Smith's Potato disease preventative, might
be recalled to onr memory, but as a matter of daily
practice we do not think of preventing the disease
until it makes its presence felt [and then complain
that all attempts to prevent it are useless !].

The Jensen system of bending the plant over and
piling up the earth in a ridge over the stems some
3 or more inches from the crown of the plants, was
thought to be an excellent expedient to prevent the
disease from reaching the tubers by rain trans-
mission from above ; but here again old established
custom comes in, and no one thinks of earthing up
on the Jensen system, until it is too late to do so
with any hope of benefit [the Chiswick experiments
at least show that the case is not hopeless even when
the haulm is destroyed. Ed.] When the disease was
very prevalent in Scotland about thirty years ago, I
can well remember some of the cottagers who could
ill afford to lose their Potato crop, cutting the tops
off close to the ground as soon as it was seen that
the haulm was affected. This, to a certain extent,
saved the crop, bat if it was done before the tubers
were half grown, a great loss ensued in that way, and
sometimes when the disease was not nearly so bad as
was expected, those who left their crop alone came
off the best in the end.

Two years ago I visited a large garden in the
North, and found the gardener digging np his crop
when the haulm was in quite a green state, in order

as he said, to save it from the disease. I spoke of
the injury to the tender skins in storing the crop ;
and he said this was avoided if the tubers were left
on the surface of the ground for a few hours, until
the 6kins became tough. There is danger of the
disease destroying the Potatos when dug up and
stored, if the foliage was attacked by the disease,
because the tubers which may look sound enough on
being taken out of the ground might not be so in
reality, the germs of the fungus are present in the
tuber, although their effects are not visible to the
naked eye, and one cannot give each Potato a minute
inspection ; and so it happens that in a few weeks
the heap of Potatos becomes a mass of rottenness,
with some sound Potatos embedded in it. J. Douglas,
Great Gearies, Ilford.

MAGNOLIAS.

Magnolia hyfoleoca, S. <$■ '/,. (M. glanca, Thanh.).
— This fine, highly interesting tree appears in all the
mountain foliacous forests of Japan from Kiushiu to
Zezo, not, however, collected together, but scattered
about among other deciduous woods. Towards the
north its frequency increases ; it attains here, also,
its largest dimensions, trunks of more than 2 m. cir-
cumference and 20 to 25 m. high. It is found, also,
in the high foliaceous forests of Middle and
Northern Hondo, on the island of Yezo, and even in
Southern Sachalin. It rivals in height and thick-
ness the other deciduous forest trees in its com-
pany, and all the other varieties of its own race,
even the North American M. grandiflora. Few of
its kindred endure the rigours of winter so well also.

This Magnolia loves a good soil, and grows best
in the shade of high trees, especially the Beech
forests. Oaks, Maples, Ashes, and especially
^Ksculus turbinata, and Calopanax ricinifolia are fre-
quently its companions, as has been before stated.*

The smooth greyish-white bark of the straight
trunk, which in thick high forests is branchless
to a considerable height, reminds one of the Beech.
The crown is formed of thick, widely spreading, but
not so numerous nor so ramified branches, and its
leaves and flowers give the tree a peculiar beauty.
The former strongly resemble the leaves of the
American Magnolia tripetala, Mich., especially in
their prominence, but are much larger, viz., 15 to
20 cm. long and 5 to S cm. broad. They are ellipti-
cal and smooth-edged ; on .the upper side of a
beautiful green colour, and underneath greyish-
white, as indicated by the name " hypoleuca."
Every branch develops about ten leaves, which are
crowded together in verticillate form near the end,
In the midst of this beautiful wreath of leaves there
unfolds about the middle of May or beginning of
June a splendid large white flower, with a Pine-
apple-like perfume. Even later in midsummer this
Magnolia presents a strikingly beautiful appearance.
When the wind sways the foliage of the Magnolia-
lined mountain side, and the lower side of the leaf is
turned upward, the tree looks to one at a little dis-
tance as if it were for a second time covered with
blossoms.

By October the trees are bare. The long ellipsoidal
reddish-brown fruit capsules, with their pink seeds,
soon follow the leaves. The seeds, like all of this
species, soon lose their germinating power, which is
probably the main reason why it is still a stranger
to our European gardens.!"

Magnolia hypoleuca in Japan surprises and delights
every lover of plants, and it is easy to agree with

* Dupont errs in his work, which has already been several
times [quoted, when he says (p. 53), "On le trouve toujours
ussocie au ehataignier." On the contrary, I found the Mag-
nolia but seldom iu the company of the Chestnut, which latter
makes far less demaud npon the soil, but much greater upou
the light and heat. It loves sunny mountain slopes, but does
not grow in the same high altitudes as the Magnolia.

t I have made repeated unsuccessful attempts to propagate
this plant from the seed iu Europe. All Magnolia seeds sprout
on their way through the tropics, and reach us with dried-
up germ nbres. Out of a collection o£ badly-packed and half-
withered small trees which I received eight years since, about
half-a-dozen were saved in the Botanical Garden at Marburg.
Of these six, one was sent to Garden Inspector Lauche, one to
Prince Troubet/koi at Intra, and a third was given to the
Hotanical Garden at Frankfort.

Dupont when he calls it more ornamental than Mag-
nolia grandiflora. The light greyish-white wood
changes gradually to a deeper shade. It is softi
easily bent, and elastic, and has a fine even grain,
which makes it applicable to many uses. The wood
engraver uses it in patterns for cloth printing, and
the lacquerer finds it adapted to various small articles.
The sides of the pretty, light, and durable oval
bread-baskets are generally made out of Magnolia.
Two thin strips of the wood are bent around the
elliptical Pine-wood bottom, their sharpened ends
bent over each other and glued, and tacked to the
bottom board. Sword-sheaths were also formerly
made from this wood. In Niigata and Zonezawa it
is used as the groundwork of nearly half of all the
lacquer ware, and from it is prepared the soft, fine-
grained charcoal which is used throughout the whole
of Japan for rubbing the lacquer, and for polishing the
enamel of cloisonne ware. Rein, " Industries of
Japan."

Orchid Notes and Gleanings.

— ♦ —

DISA SAGITTALIS, Sw.

Although this pretty terrestrial Orchid has been
in cultivation for some three or four years past, I do
not remember to have seen it recorded as a garden
plant in these columns. It is an elegant species,
with a rosette of several narrow, oblong-lanceolate
green leaves, and a flower-stem 4 to 8 inches high,
bearing a raceme of numerous white or slightly lilac-
tinted flowers, with two violet lines on each petal,
and one on the lip. The flowers are about half an
inch in diameter ; the spurred dorsal sepal is sud-
denly expanded at the apex into a somewhat crescent-
shaped blade, three or four times as broad as the rest
of the sepal, with the angles broadly rounded and
twisted backwards. The side-sepals are oblong-
obtuse, and directed forwards. The petals are
linear-acute, with a broad, rounded lobe at the hasp
in front, the tips curved back over the dorsal sepal.
The lip is linear-lanceolate, acute or obtuse, or some-
times indistinctly three-lobed at the apex.

One great charm about this plant is the length of
time it remains in flower, the spike from which this
note was made was sent to Kew by Mr. O'Brien,
who states that it " has been in flower over six
weeks already," and there are still several buds to
open on the spike. The plant is a native of South
Africa. X.E.B.

DlSAS AT YOBK.

Booking along the fine house of planted-out Disas
at Messrs. Jas. Backhouse & Sons, it seems difficult
to realise the fact that a few years ago it was con-
sidered quite a feat to grow them successfully, and
that there still are numbers of gardens in which they
are regarded as "kettle cattle." In the York
Nurseries, Disa grandiflora attains altogether unusual
stature and beauty, even when compared with ordi-
nary well-cultivated specimens, the stems of the
stronger-flowering pieces having at the neck the
appearance of sturdy Leeks, and the flowers are
very large and brilliant in colour. Among them are
at present in flower some seedling forms of great
beauty, and which exhibit most extraordinary varia-
tions in colour.

One of these grand varieties has flowers 4 inches
across the pair of side sepals, each of which is
2 inches wide, and of the most brilliant scarlet, with
an orange glow, the odd hooded sepal blush-white,
with rose veining. Another is as large, but has
yellowish-red sepals, their outer halves tinged with
rose, the hooded sepal being cream-coloured, veined
with purple, and the curved petals in the centre
yellow, spotted with a shade of brown. A third
seminal variety has vermilion sepals, the hooded one
almost wholly pale yellow, with very few red lines
inside, and numerous faint ones outside. In several,
the odd sepal is the prominent feature, the blush or
pale-yellow ground of some exhibiting the most
delicate tracery of rosy-crimson, and the petals vary-
ing as much, all being differently marked with red
or brown on various shades of yellow, the upturned

216

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 24, 1889.

edges of some being, in addition, tinged with crim-
son. A few remarks on the house and culture at
York will be useful to many.

The Disa-house is 98 feet by 12 feet G inches ; it
is partly sunk, and has sliding lights on the west
side, which are taken off in fine weather, from early
spring to late in the autumn, and are left open all
night, a practice that is most beneficial in autumn,
as the plants get the benefit of the heavy night dews
at that season. The beds are placed on each side of

coal, as experiment has proved that the finest roots
always were over the parts of the bed so prepared.
The plants are liberally watered with rain-water for
preference, but are not kept always wet, and they
are never watered over the foliage in winter, but
carefully picked out with a spouted can. So grown,
the beds of D. grandiflora (or more properly D.
unifiora, Bergius) have had more than 500 flower-
spikes this season, with considerably more than 1000
large blooms. One fine spike was nearly 3 feet high,

Plants and Their Culture.

— • —

Bulbous-booted Plants. — Many species and
varieties of plants which may have made vigorous
growth will be benefited by being placed in a cooler
house for a short time. Eucharis amazonica will
flower more freely if treated in this way, at the same
time affording the bulbs less water after the growth
is completed. We endeavour to have these useful

Fig. 30. — orchid houses at shipley hall, (see p. 214.)

the house, the plants being planted any time from
autumn till spring, although they are removed with
equal success at some other seasons if this be
required.

"^October is considered a good time for replanting.
The soil used consists of rough lumps of fibry peat,
with about one-third of coarse sand added, and rough
blocks of sandstone or lumps of charcoal embedded
in the soil for drainage. The bottoms of the beds
on which the plants are placed are first made up with
clinkers or burs (hard-heads) in preference to char-

with nine flowers, each of which was 4.} inches
across, the base of the flower-stem having a
circumference of 2k inches. Many others are well
worthy to bear it "company, and the bright green
healthy foliage forms a fine setting to the brilliant
flowers. Other rare Disas are doing equally well,
and the fine Disa crassicornis is well advanced in
bud. It must be a sincere pleasure, both to Messrs.
Backhouse and the visitors to the nursery, to see
such remarkable development of these fine South
African Orchids. J. O'B.

plants in bloom at different periods, and to get the
largest number of the plants in bloom in the autumn
— a time when choice flowers are few. Our plants
have just finished their growth, and have been
removed to a cooler and drier house, where they will
be kept quiet till required to force into bloom.
Succession plants which are growing freely should
be kept liberally watered with liquid-manure, these
forming a succession to the autumn-flowering plants.
Our young stock has just received a shift into larger
pots ; these were small bulbs that were placed in

August 24, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

217

6-inch pots when the older bulbs were repotted early
in the year. They will produce a nice lot of spikes
early next spring, if kept growing rapidly. When
repotting Eucharis amazonica, a large portion of
turfy loam, a small quantity of fibrous peat, using a
larger proportion of peat if the loam is of a clayey
nature, some broken charcoal, and bone-dust should
be used. Some quarter-inch bones may be put over
the drainage. We syringe heavily during the season
of growth, and by this means mealybug is kept in
check. Overpotting the bulbs should be avoided, as
it is provocative of a diseased state of the bulbs, and
moreover, when in good health pot-bound masses
will flower more freely than others in the opposite
condition. Pancratiums require similar treatment
to Eucharis, but put only one bulb in a 6-inch pot, or
three in a size or two larger. These plants are
very serviceable when grown on thus, and they
should get a shift when they have done flowering,
and be given encouragement to make free growth.
The useful Hymenocallis macrostephana is most
useful for cutting purposes, and when it is grown in
batches and rested a little, not keeping it thoroughly
dry, but placed in a cooler house and kept rather
drier, it can generally be depended upon to bloom
when required. Their fragrant flowers are much
appreciated.

Amaryllis. — The bulbs of these should, as pre-
viously advised, be given a light sunny place to
ripen. A. aulica should not be omitted ; it is a plant
which will soon be starting into growth, and its
large, handsome spikes will be found of great use in
filling vases.

Miscellaneous. — The Gloriosas will continue to
bloom freely yet, if kept supplied with liquid manure,
and are free from thrips and red-spider. Our plants
are grown at the back of a Cucumber-house, and
there they produce a large quantity of bloom. G.
Plantii should be grown in every collection, as it is
a useful variety.

Gesneras will, if started into growth, as advised in
a previous Calendar, be growing freely ; keep the
plants at the driest part of the house, and out of the
reach of the syringe. I find that a cool shelf is the
best position for them, as the foliage can be kept
drier than when mixed up with the other inmates of
the house. Plenty of water should be given them
as they increase in size, and weak liquid manure
occasionally, when the pots have become filled with
roots. These plants are much affected by thrips, so
that a hot, dry position is not a suitable one, it
being impossible to sponge the foliage to get rid of the
insects without injury to it. G. pendulina is a useful,
early blooming variety ; and G. zebrina and G. cinna-
barina forms a succession to the first-named.

Achimenes, as they go out of bloom, should have
less and less water, and be placed in a cool, dry, airy
position for a time. Achimenes will, after a slight
check, bloom profusely again, but it is not advisable
to so exhaust the tubers.

The late-sown Gloxinias should now be large
enough to pot into 60s, and as they have but a short
season in which to grow, every encouragement
should be given them, but they will not require
another shift. The flowers will be found useful for
cutting in the dull season. Any plants of Gloxinias
of good coloured flowers, nice habit, or fine form,
should have a label describing their good points
stuck into the pots. The Gloxinias which were started
early should now be dried off gradually in a cold
frame or house. Geo. Wythes, Syon House, Brentford.

The Flower Garden.

— * —

Beddinq Plants. — Greater brilliancy than these
now present could hardly be possible, and only for a
very short period longer will it be possible to main-
tain this state of perfection ; still much may be done
to keep the plants in good flower for a considerable
time longer, by constantly picking off yellow leaves,
spent flowers, and by preventing overcrowding by
the use of the knife. For the most part, the trim-
"mings will make excellent cuttings for next year's
supply. Of course there are numbers of plants
requiring this wholesale removal of growth to keep
them in good flowering condition that would be
quite useless for propagation ; nevertheless, the task
must be done in the interest of neatness and gaiety.
The process must be applied to every class of bedding
plants, hardy and tender, annual and perennial. Aa
regards the latter, I have long adopted the practice
of prolonging the flowering period by cutting away
part of the flower-heads, even before the flowers
have opened. I instance Phloxes, Pentstemons, and

Antirrhinums ; these, in consequence of the pinching
or cutting back, break into renewed growth lower
down the main branches, and flower much later than
do the flower-heads that are left intact, and, as a
matter of course, the secondary or side lateral
growths do not produce so fine flowers, but what is
lost in size is made up in quantity. I have tried the
same plan of prolonging the flowering season of
annuals, and on all the following species successfully :
— Sweet Scabious, Salpiglossis, Anagallis, Cuphea,
Coreopsis, Annual Chrysanthemum, Phlox Drum-
mondii, Indian Pinks, and Sweet Peas. The latter will
flower well from April to October, if occasionally so
pinched, and the seed-pods are regularly picked off
as soon as the flowers have faded. Successional
sowings of these I have discontinued for 'years, and
yet we have always an abundance of flower.

Foliage Beds. — These in their way are just as
brilliant as are the flowers — Alternantheras, Coleus,
and Iresine have never been better coloured nor the
growth more robust, as will be admitted by all when
I say that for the first time since the introduction of
Alternantheras as bedding plants, I have this year
found it necessary to shear away their growth, to
prevent their encroaching beyond the described line.
This work is necessary to be done to all plants,
where the design is of a formal or geometrical pat-
tern ; all plants in such beds should be kept within
their own boundary. Perfect keep in all arrange-
ments of this sort, is, next to arrangement of colours,
the one essential that is needed to the attainment of
perfection. If the flat strict geometrical mode of
planting be objectionable (it is to me), it is an easy
matter to greatly modify the plan by a free use of
graceful standard plants in the central position of
the beds, or panels of the design, always taking care
that their growth does not intersect any lines of the
designs ; sometimes they will do this, and then it is
jnst as important that they be trimmed up, as is the
trimming of the lines of design. Perfect neatness of
the whole, is the great charm of foliage beds of this
description.

General Work. — This will consist of the pro-
pagation of all kinds of bedding plants, that
are not yet put in, the completion of the layering
of Carnations, and insertion of pink pipings
in cold frames or handlights — all tender kinds
of plants to strike successfully must have a slight
bottom-heat, two-thirds leaves, and the other stable
litter — on this place frames, insert the cuttings in
5-inch pots, filled firmly with sandy loam, shade till
rooted, then fully expose to the air. Sow annuals, on
dry sunny borders to stand the winter where sown ;
and plant out in early spring. Keep all tall plants,
such as Dahlias, Sunflowers, Castor-oils, and the like,
well tied to their supports, and bad flower and seed-
pods regularly picked off. W. Wildsmith, Hcckficld.

Fruits Under Glass.

Strawberries for Future Forcing. — All the
different varieties should now be in their fruiting
pots, and standing on a bed of coal-ashes in a place
exposed to the sun the whole day, and be attended
to regularly with water. Pay constant attention to
the removal of the runners and all weeds. Hasten
the potting of any late runners that may remain on
the fruiting beds. Fresh plantations should be
planted at once, and in planting these the first two
rows may be 2 feet, the next rows 18 inches apart,
and so on, until the planting is finished, the object
of the wide rows being, for the convenience of layer-
ing, narrow being left free for the purpose of
watering, &c. There is, then, no danger of knocking
over the pots. It will be found that young plants
will produce earlier and stronger runners and better
fruit than old plants which have fruited, and they
are better to select the runners from.

Melons. — Continue a night temperature of 70° to
75° in the houses or pits, with a rise by day of 10°
to 15°. Those in full bearing should have some
manure-water afforded them when it seems to be
needed, with top-dressing when roots appear on the
surface of the beds. Give plenty of air as the fruits
ripen, keeping the latter well exposed to the light,
and supported off the soil in any suitable way. Im-
pregnate all female flowers at mid-day ; stop to one
leaf beyond the fruit when set ; damp the paths, and
afford water when the plants require it at shutting
up time on fine afternoons.

Tomatos. — These, although not strictly fruits, come
usually under this heading. For fruiting through
the winter, the plants should be potted into 11 or
12-inch pots, and stood in the house or pit where

they are intended to grow, using in the operation
some nice loam — not too rich — with a little rubble
and bone-meal, and potting firmly. Train them to
one stem apiece, give all the air possible to keep the
plants dwarf and strong ; syringe them occasionally
with a solution of carbolic soap, to keep down white-
fly. If planted out, do not give too much soil all at
once, but add to the bulbs as root action increases ;
water with clear water. Plants in full bearing will
be benefited with a rich top-dressing and a little
manure-water. Keep old foliage and young side-
shoots trimmed, fully exposing the fruit to the sun,
W. Bennett, Bangcmore.

The Kitchen Garden.

Celery. — Continue to earth-up this vegetable
according to the demands of the family. In the
matter of watering, the showery weather we have
experienced will not have rendered it safe to dispense
with the watering-pot, and a thorough soaking of
the soil should precede the moulding-up. Succes-
sional crops should have periodical supplies of
manure-water, or the soil in the trenches a dusting
of Thomson's or blood manure, and, if possible,
during showery weather ; but where dung-water is
at command, preference should be given to it.
Where slugs are troublesome, a slight dust with
powdered lime or superphosphate made from old
iron slack, which is remarkably cheap, will keep
them in check. When using the superphosphate, do
not let it touch the plants more than can be helped ;
the slightest application proves fatal to slugs and
snails, even to those black rascals which nothing else
seems to disturb.

Cauliflowers. — No time should be lost in getting a
sowing of these in for planting under handlights and
frames, although in late districts, where the risks
are great, little advantage is to be derived from
autumn sowing. If seed be sown in the first week
in January, and pricked into boxes and grown on
in a mild temperature, and planted out in March
after duly hardening them off, they will be quite as
early as those wintered under glass, and will produce
even better heads than those. If properly managed,
they should grow on without a check.

Cabbages. — A successional sowing of these to stand
the winter in the seed-bed should be made forthwith ;
also Savoys and Curled Greens. Continue to plant
out Cabbages from the store beds for Coleworts at a
foot apart.

Onions. — As the tops fall over at the necks, pull them
up and dry them. A good way to do this in a wet
season, is to tie them in bunches of a dozen or more ;
then stick some forked sticks into the earth, and
place a stout rod in the forks, and on these hang the
Onions. It is all very well in a dry season to leave
them spread on the ground, but in a dripping one it
is better to keep them out of harms way. As Little
knocking about as possible is advisable with ripe and
ripening Onions, they being almost as susceptible
as Apples to injury from bruising. When the
Onions have become of a brown or golden colour,
they should be taken to a cool and airy shed,
and hung up in bundles. I do not approve of clean-
ing onions, until such time as they are to be taken to
the kitchen. The hardest frost we experience in
this country will not injure ripe Onions, but a close
room will do them much injury. Wm. M. Baillie,
Luton Hoo.

PLANT POETRAITS.

AaniLEoiA flabellata, white fl, var., Revue de
C Horticulture Beige.— July, 1889.

Calanthe Darblayana, VOrchidophile, June. —
A hybrid between C. Regnieri X vestita gigantea.

Latace Volkmanni, Philippi, Gartcnflora, July
15. — A bulbous, Liliaceous plant, from Chile, with
small white flowers in umbeU.

Lobelia laxiflora, H. B. & K., Gartcnflora,
July 1. — Better known as Siphocampylus bicolor.

Stemmatiom narcissoides, Philippi, Gartcnflora,
July 15. — A Chilian, Liliaceous plant, singularly like
some forms of Narcissus papyraceus.

Tillandsia Geissei, Philippi, Gartenflora, July
15. — A pretty species, with long, linear, entire leaves,
prolonged into a twisted acumen, and erect spikes of
pink flowers in two rows each, flowers subtended by
a scarlet bract.

Zyoopetalum crinitum, Revue de V Horticulture-
Beige, July, 1889.

218

THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 24, 1889.

NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS.
Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should
be made payable at the Post Office,

No. 42, DRURY LANE.

GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OFFICE TELEGRAMS.

NOTICE to Correspondents, Advertisers, Sub-
scribers and others. The Registered Address
for Foreign and Inland Telegrams is
" GARDCRRON, LONDON:'

SUBSCRIBERS TO
nnELE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

■*■ who experience any difficulty in obtaining
their Copies regularly, are particularly requested
to communicate with the Publisher (in cases of
delay in the delivery by post, the cover should be
forwarded with complaint).

W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street,
Strand, W.C.

Now ready, in cloth, lis. 6d.

J 'HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
Vol. V., Third Series, JAN. to JUNE, 1889.
W. RICHARDS, 41. Wellington Street. Strand. W.C.

APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.

TITESDAY.

MEETING.

i Royal Horticultural Society: Fruit

LUG. 27 < and Floral Committees at Drill

( Hall, James Street, Westminster.

SHOWS.

WEDNESDAY, AUG. 28{ §£*&»,

THURSDAY,
FRIDAY,

:.. 29 •}

Perth, Royal Horticultural (time

days).
Ludlow.

Aug. 30— Montrose.

SALES-

("Dutch Bulbs, at Steveas' Rooms, at
MONDiY Aug ■>*} half-past 12 o'clock.

' Lt" '") Special Trade Sale of Dutch Bull...

(, at Protheroe & Morris* Rooms.

WEDNESDAY, AUG. 28 ( D"tc,1; Bulh'„at, Stevens' R°°m!" :,t
' I half-past 12 o clock.

(Special Trade Sale of Dutch Bulb's
THURSDAY, Aug. 29 -J and Palm Seeds, at Protheroe &
( Morris' Rooms.

FRIDAY, Aug. 30 -[ Imported and Flowering Orchids

( at Protheroe & Morns Rooms.

SATURDAY, AUG. 31 \ Duttc,lJ Bulta. at Stevens' Rooms, at
f half-past 12 o clock.

CORRECTED AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR THE ENSU-
ING WEEK, DEDUCED FROM THE OBSERVATIONS
OF FORTY-THREE YEARS, AT CHISWICK— 60°.6.

A fresh illustration of this

Co-operative ■> . . .

Horticulture new departure in co-operative
food, fruit, and plant produc-
tion was given on a large scale at the Crystal
Palace on the 17th inst. The exhibition, as a
whole, was a decided advance alike in quality
and quantity on that held last year, as will
appear by the more detailed report furnished on
another page. The details will enable our
readers to judge to some extent of the high
character and comprehensive variety of the
second great co-operative flower show, liut in
these more than in most matters, seeing is essen-
tial to believing ; and it proved no light day's
work to see all that the co-operators staged.

Without entering here into any disputed
questions in relation to the place of combined or
co-operative enterprise as contrasted with indi-
vidual effort, or as to the quasi political questions
of the best and readiest means of providing each
industrious worker with a decent house and a
suitable garden, there can be little doubt that
the co-operative principle may render valuable

assistance in extending the practice of horticul-
ture among our countrymen and countrywomen.

The first and most potent influence of such
shows, sustained mainly or wholly by co-
operators, is to extend the taste for horticultural
pursuits. What A. has done or grown under
certain conditions, B. and C. may do likewise.
This lesson may be taught by precept for years
with but little effect : but let A., whose garden
joins that of 13. and (_'., take a first prize at the
co-operative flower show, and it certainly
follows that not only B. and C, but many
others, will endeavour to do so likewise. The
prizes are liberal, but the richest prizes lie
outside of these, and in such competitions
there are no blanks, hence the principle of
mutual help finds most legitimate scope in the
acquisition and enrichment of gardens.

Notwithstanding our recent series of Allotments
Acts, there is still a great dearth of sufficient
ground for these purposes. It is the legitimate
business and will probably become the first
concern of co-operative societies, as they become
more fully awake to their highest interest,
to purchase or hire land at wholesale prices, and
let or sell it to their members at the smallest
possible profit. Few need to be told that in no
commodity is the difference in price between
wholesale and retail so startling as in the
matter of land. The matter needs to be carried
so far that every working man may have the
chance of procuring a garden as well as a decent
respectable home at a reasonable rent.

Possibly in the near future the principles and
power of co-operation will be so far extended as
to enable a large proportion of the working-
classes in the country to build their own
houses, and furnish them, with their own
gardens — partly laid out in blocks for com-
mon use, and partly reserved for family
culture and provisions. But at present it may be
wise to limit expectation and demand to what is
at once just and practicable — decent houses and
good gardens, at moderate rents.

Co-operation could also render most sub-
stantial assistance in the furnishing of gardens.
For this purpose, experience, skill, and the best
material are essential. These, like other com-
modities, can be purchased cheaply in the mass ;
dearly, or not at all, in detail. It ought to be
within the power of co-operative societies to
afford useful guidance and advice in all small
matters. But much more should and could be
done, would co-operators turn their attention
more to the purchase and furnishing of land for
cottage gardening and other rural industries.
Those conversant with the enormous loss sus-
tained in gardens and on farms annually, through
the persistent culture of inferior varieties, will
be able to appreciate the substantial gains that
would be reaped by growing fruit, flowers, and
vegetables of the best and most suitable kinds
only. Visitors to the Crystal Palace on the 17th,
who compared the Carrots, Onions, Potatos, Pars-
nips, Turnips, Apples, and Pears, will realise the
disparity of pleasure and in profit between the
best and worst of these and other products.

Co-operative enterprise, again, might be used
with the greatest advantage in the enrichment of
gardens. There is a striking disparity in price,
and a yet greater one in quality, between
manures in mass and detail. The large pur-
chasers have the pull in prices, in the
choice of markets, and in the command of the
means of distribution. By purchasing and dis-
tributing for a considerable district, the cost of
manures may often be reduced cent, per cent., or
more. As these form the very backbone and
basis of production, it is easy to see how, by

lowering the price, increasing the supply, and
improving the quality of manures, co-operation
may increase and improve production to a most
desirable extent. Co-operative culture is hardly
possible, nor desirable, for in this department in-
dividual enterprise outstrips co-operative produc-
tion. Unity provides augmented power for the
acquisition and furnishing of gardens, but
from this point the individual or family life
should become supreme. Tastes and talents vary-
to the uttermost alike in the garden and the
home ; and one of the greatest advantages of either
is, the fostering individual talent, and the supply of
family and personal wants ; hence, on the thres-
hold of the home and the garden it might be wiser
and patriotic to say to co-operative enterprise,
" Thus far shalt thou come, and no further," for
the history of the progress and triumphs of
horticulture in the past is mostly a history of
the victories of individuals over ' difficulties that
seemed insurmountable. But, indeed, there need
be no rivalry between combined and isolated
efforts in all our endeavours to improve and
increase the food and the pleasures of the work-
ing-classes through the extension of horticul-
ture. Both of these forces will be needed — and
the more of both, the better — to bring garden
plots within reach of the working-men, and to
teach them how to reap the heaviest crops of
food, and the richest harvests of pleasure, out of
them as the years roll by.

PHYTOLACCA DIOICA (see Supplementary
Sheet). — Those who only know the Poke weeds,
Phytolacca decandra and icosandra, as herbaceous
perennials, are always astonished to see the propor-
tions that another species (P. dioica) attains in more
genial climates. We shall not soon forget our own
surprise to see the trees of the last-named species on
the Promenade des Anglais at Nice, but these are
dwarfs by comparison with the giants to be found in
Madeira. We are indebted to the courtesy of Mr.
IIarcourt Powell for the photograph taken by him
of one of these remarkable trees, and which shows
the huge mound-like growth formed by the base of
the trunk.

Vegetable Conference at Chiswick,
September 24, 25, 26, i889.— The following
official notice has been sent to us for publication : —
The Royal Horticultural Society is organising a
great exhibition of garden vegetables, roots, salad-
ings, &c. It will be combined with a conference of
practical cultivators, having in view to improve the
products of the vegetable garden, and to promote a
more extensive use of garden fruits and salads.
The exhibition will consist of selected samples of
all kinds of green vegetables, such as Cabbage,
Cauliflower, and Spinach ; Beans, Peas, Tomatos,
and Aubergines, which are classed as pulse and
fruits ; tubers and bulbs, including Potatos, Onions,
and Turnips ; tap-roots, such as Beets, Carrots, and;
Salsify; saladings, as Endive, Lettuce, and Celery;
garnishing and pickling plants ; Mushrooms, and
new vegetables. For the selecting of the best types
of these several products, committees of experts will
be appointed, who will report upon those considered
the best adapted for general cultivation, both for
profit and high quality. The reports will be made
public for the general advantage when they have
received the imprimatur of the Council. In the
Conference, free discussion will be invited on the
proposals made in the several papers to be read.
These include the following subjects, to be introduced
by the persons named in connection with them, viz. :
— Asparagus, by Mr. Shirley Hibberd ; Winter
Salads, by Mr. Norman; Food of Vegetables, by
Mr. J. Wright ; Improvement of Peas, by Mr. T.
Laxton ; Improvement of Potatos, by Mr. A. Dean ;
Vegetable Supply throughout the Year," Mr. J.
Smith, of Mentmore..On the first day, September 34,

August 24, 1889.]

TEE GARDENERS' CERONICLE.

219

he proceedings at Chiswick will be followed by a
iardeners' Dinner at the Cannon Street Hotel ; on
he second day, September 25, the reports of com-
mittees will be presented ; on the third day, Sep-
ember 20, the larger questions of improving the
iroducts of the vegetable garden will be discussed.
Jr. IIakry Veitch is appointed Chairman, Mr.
liniRi.EY Hibbeud, Vice-chairman. Schedules and
.11 other particulars are obtainable at the offices of
|he Royal Horticultural Society, 117, Victoria
street, Westminster ; or of Mr. A. F. Barron at the
society's gardens, Chiswick.

HEDYCHIUM SADLERIANUM x. — We are re-
quested to correct an error that inadvertently found
its way into our report of the Royal Horticultural
(society's meeting on August 13, at p. 197, where the
Sarentage of this hybrid is given H. Gardnerianum X
poronarium, which would imply that H. Gardnerianum
was the seed and H. coronarium the pollen parent ;
whereas the plant was obtained from the opposite
;ross, as stated in the Gardeners' Chronicle, vol. xxii.,
p. 375. It was raised by Mr. Lindsay, of the Koyal
Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, and, as the name is
complimentary, it should stand as above, and not
Sadleri, as labelled at the meeting.

' Farming Statistics.— The following extract

from the Summary of Agricultural Returns of Great
Britain for 1889, issued by the Agricultural Depart-
ment, will be read with interest: —

£120 to him. These figures are exceedingly interest-
ing, as indicating that, even in an age of shams and
shoddy, of barren philosophy and stereotyped
theology, the tastes for the higher occupations of
outdoor life were becoming extremely popular. The
charming essays of Addison and Steele had given a
great impetus to gardening, and Miller's somewhat
stupendous tome appeared just when it was most
likely to sell."

National Chrysanthemum Society.— A

Conference of cultivators and others interested in
the Chrysanthemum will be held on September 11,
iu conjunction with the National Chrysanthemum
Society's exhibition of early flowering Chrysanthe-
mums, with Dahlias and Gladioli, at the Royal
Aquarium. The programme, prepared by the sub-
committee appointed to carry out the arrangements,
includes a paper by Mr. W. Piercy, of Forest Hill,
on " Early Flowering Chrysanthemums ; " and a
paper by Mr. J. Doughty, of Angley Park, on the
" Treatment of Plants (grown for the production of
exhibition blooms) a short time previous to the
Shows." The chair will be taken at 4 o'clock, p.m.

Leek CEMETERY.— In a recent competition for
a design for the laying-out of a new cemetery for
this town, Messrs. Sugden & Son were the success-
ful candidates. We do not pretend to gauge the
merits of this particular case, of which we know
nothing, but we may fairly protest against the

Acreage of Land is Great Britain under

1 Increase
1 Decrease

3
•■ (

..J

Wheat.

Barley.

Oats.

Potatos.

Hops.

1889
ooni pare- i

Acres.

Acres.
36,253

or 1*7 per cent.

Acres.
6,566

or 0"! per cent.

Acres.

lvith
1888

114,648
or 4'5 per cent.

10,901
or 1*8 per cent.

740
or 1"3 per cent.

1889

compared

■with

1887

Decrease

132,265
or 5'7 per cent.

36,658
or 1-8 per cent.

199,168
or 6'4 per cent.

19,607
or 3*5 per cent.

5,952
or 9'3 per cent.

LOOFAHS. — Under the name of Loofahs, the vas-
cular tissue of the ripe fruits of Luffa ajgyptiaca
has for some time past been exposed for sale as
flesh brushes in all chemist's shops. They have also
been largely used for boot socks. The following
note from our contemporary, The Chemist and
Druggist, will have some interest as indicating a
probable decline in the demand for Loofahs.
During the week ending July 13, " seven bales
Egyptian Loofahs, 600 first, 7000 second, and 2400
third quality, the best rather thin, and about 1 foot
long, were offered in a lot, and bought in at one
penny a-piece, not even a farthing being offered."

Miller's "Gardeners' Dictionary." — A

writer in the Publishers' Circular quotes some in-
teresting particulars — which have hitherto remained
buried in a Petition dated 1759 — respecting the
above-named work, among others. He observes : —
" The demand for such a work would, at that time,
naturally be circumscribed, and it is rather sur-
prising that the folio edition at three guineas should
have been only nine years in selling, and that an
abridgment in quarto should have been sold in
seven years. Such, however, appears to be the case.
Philip Miller was evidently a man with a due regard
for posterity, because he stipulated in the original
agreement that either he himself or his heirs for ever
were to be paid a sum of £40 for each and every impres
sion. This apparently did not ' cover ' any new matter,
as he was paid £94 for the fifty sheets added in the
1752 edition. And seven years afterwards, when the
dictionary came out in sixpenny weekly numbers, he
received thirty copies, and cash to make up £300.
In 17GK he received £200 for additions, whilst the
abridgments of 1764 and 1771 each represented

proceedings of the Commissioners, who, having pre-
miated and accepted a particular plan, proceed to
hand it over to their surveyor to carry out. This is
a reflection upon the designers. Either their plan
should not have been accepted, or, if accepted, it
should have been left to them to carry out. As it is,
an injustice is done both to the surveyor, and to
Messrs. Sugdks.

Botanic Garden, Ghent.— We observe, not

without regret, that the authorities of the City of
Ghent have decided to sell by auction several of
their fine specimen of Palm?, and other plants. The
sale is fixed for Thursday, August 29, at 2.30 p.m. ;
altogether seventy-eight lots are offered for disposal,
comprising numerous specimens of large size and
beauty.

Haslemere Flower Show.— Lord Tennyson
was present at Haslemere flower show, held at Lythe
Hill, Haslemere, this being the first occasion upon
which the Laureate has appeared in public since his
recent severe illness. He walked with a firm step
round the show, and appeared to be in good health.

Honours to Professor Riley.— The recent

action of the French Government in creating Pro-
fessor Charles Valentine Riley a Chevalier of the
Legion of Honour, is a well-deserved compliment.
Professor Riley's long researches in applied ento-
mology, with a view of protecting American agricul-
ture from insect injury, have often proved of value
to other parts of the world ; but in few instances
have they had such striking aud widespread practical
results as in France. It was he who discovered that
the Phylloxera was an American insect, and proved

its identity with the French pest. His studies
of the American Vines, which resist the
Phylloxera, and the recommendation to use them
in France, have been productive of important
results, which it is difficult to estimate. So, like-
wise, in 1884, when a new disease, the mildew,
also an importation from America, was begin-
ning to ravage the Vines of France, he visited
Montpellier, and in an address delivered at a
special meeting in his honour, described and
introduced a new form of spraying nozzle, since
known as the Riley nozzle, which, with modifi-
cations, is now universally used by French Grape-
growers in fighting the mildew. In sending Pro-
fessor Riley the Insignia of the Order, M. Leopold-
Faye, Minister of Agriculture, wrote : — " In con-
ferring this high distinction upon you, the French
Republic has sought to show its indebtedness for
the important services which you have rendered
to the general agriculture of all countries, and
particularly to France, by your labours and dis-
coveries. I consider it a personal honour to
have had the occasion to confirm to our Chief
Magistrate the excellence and importance of your
services." M. Tisseeand, Director of Agriculture
wrote, at the same time, to Professor Riley as follows :
— ■" It is a small reward for your services, and would
have been granted long ago if you had not declined to-
accept the honour. France is but paying an old debt
of gratitude, and I am most happy in knowing that
the importance of your work is thus recognised."

THE STORMY WEATHER.— Our correspondents
in Kent and the Home Counties, report great loss to-
the fruit and Hop crops, from the severe gales that
have been experienced of late. The harvest opera-
tions have not only been retarded, but the crop much,
injured.

TROP/EOLUM SPECIOSUM. — Mr. Noble sends
us flowers of this beautiful creeper which show that
it is appreciated by the tom-tits as well as other
people. The birds pierce with their bills the long
spurs, presumably for the sake of the honey. Whe-
ther any other purpose than sensual gratification is
served is not obvious, but things are so linked
together in this world that it is quite possible im-
portant ulterior results accrue from the liking of
tom-tits for " sweeties."

Messrs. Peter Lawson & Son, Limited.

— At the annual general meeting of the shareholders
of Peter Lawson & Son (Limited), seed growers
and merchants, Edinburgh, held on the 15th inst.,
the shareholders unanimously adopted the recom-
mendation of the directors that a dividend of 5 per
cent, per annum on the paid-up capital of the com-
pany, free from income-tax, should be paid on
September 1 next, carrying forward the balance of
£2132 14s. 'id. to next year's account.

John Gerard, Herbalist.— In the Record
Office (Domestic, Addenda, vol. xxxv,), there is a
grant (October 10, 1603), to Sir Robert Cecil,
Lord Cecil, of Essingdon, of the keepership of
Somerset House, in the Strand, with all orchards,
walks, gardens, &c, reserving to John Gerard,
of London, surgeon and herbalist, the garden
plot formerly leased of him ; as also to Bromfield,
the piece of ground demised to him for erection of
a tennis court.

Practical Entomology.— Professor Riley's
aanual report to the United States Department
of Agriculture is, as usual, full of interesting matter.
The present report gives full details of the natural
history and mode of life of various insects injurious
to crops, as well as of the means to be adopted to
prevent their incursions, or palliate the results of
their visitations. In the present report mention
is made of the Plum -weevil, the fluted scale
insect (Icerya Purchasi), and the Hop-louse, in
the latter case the occurrence of the insect on
the Sloe and Plum, whence it migrates to the Hop
in summer, is corroborated. It is noteworthy that

220

TEE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 24, 1889.

Mr. Walker and Dr. Plomley, a physician at Maid-
stone so long ago as 1848, were the first to state this
fact, which, of course, was ridiculed and ignored by
those whom it most concerned. Now that the
matter is proved beyond dispute, the policy of re-
moving all Blackthorn hedges from the vicinity of
Hop gardens, and of spraying with kerosene emulsion
all Plum trees in the vicinity, preferably in the
autumn, after Hop-picking, and of destroying all
Hop-bine, becomes apparent. The report shows
that the spraying is not only successful, but that it
pays.

MESSRS. J. LAING & SONS.— The annual out-
ing of the employes of this firm — numbering eighty-
one — took place on the 16th inst., the rendezvous
being Hastings. A sense of personal interest in
the men's enjoyment was imparted to the event, by
the fact that Mr. J. Laincj and his sons, partners
in the firm, joined the party.

Canadian Experimental Farms. — These
are now properly equipped with a Director, Professor
Saunders ; an entomologist and botanist, Mr.
Fletcher ; a chemist, Mr. Shutt ; and a horticul-
turist, Mr. Hillborn. In the central experimental
farm, under the direction of the last-named gentle-
man, 297 varieties of Apple are under trial, 174
being of Russian origin ; 72 varieties of Plums, 71
varieties of Cherries, 127 varieties of Vine which
require protection in winter, and the usual small
fruits.

The Botanical Exchange Club. — The

annual report for 18S8 contains a list of the plants
distributed, together with critical remarks by various
experts on some of the more interesting species. It
must be consolatory to the tyros to see the difference
of opinion between experts over " critical " Brambles
and Roses ; still more satisfactory, in some sense, is
it to see the modesty with which great authorities
give their opinion.

IGHTHAM MOTE, of which we recently gave an
illustration, has been sold by auction for £,'1G,000.
The estate consisted of about 305 acres of land.

Edinburgh Working Men's Flower Show.
— This Institution held its twenty-fifth annual show
on the 10th inst., in the Corn Exchange, Edinburgh.
Its objects are to promote and foster a taste for
window and room plants, either in pots or boxes, the
culture of plants in areas and plots, such as may be
found in connection with the poorer habitations in
courts, alleys, and backyards ; in plant cases, Pern
shades, &c. — Mr. John Davidson, 5, St. Andrew
Square, being the Secretary. There is no member-
ship ; all are invited to send their plants and flowers
for competition, and the funds are derived
from the takings at the doors — one penny per
head — on show days, and voluntary subscriptions.
At the last show, £50 was given away in prizes, of
which there were about 350, for which 275 com-
petitors entered. The plants exhibited were
of a very varied character, both hardy and
tender, and were, as a rule — taking the con-
ditions of culture into consideration — well
grown. Some unexpected recognitions met one in
a ramble round the long tables, as, for instance,
a fairly well-grown bit of Edelweiss among a collec-
tion of alpine plants, which came from the not very
alpine district of Causeway-side. The most striking
feature of the show was that formed by the Ferns,
of which there were over 200, occupying a table
about 40 yards long by 1 yard in width.

SEASIDE PLANTS. — M. Lesage has been investi-
gating the influence of a marine atmosphere on the
leaves of certain plants. He points out that the leaves
are more succulent and thicker on the coast than
inland [he is speaking especially of wild plants].
The increased substance is accompanied by a great
development of palisade tissue with diminished
intercellular passages, and a less proportion of chlo-

rophyll. When subjected to experimental treatment
inland, the same description of plants offer the same
peculiarities. The experimental treatment consisted
in the watering with definite proportions of common
salt. It is not all plants, however, that are thus
affected.

FOOD PLANTS. — Dr. Sturtevant estimates that
1070 species belonging to 401 genera and 92 natural
orders, are cultivated in various places as food. How
small this number is may be appreciated when it is
further stated that mankind cultivates for food rather
less than 1 per cent, of the known species of plants.
The full figures are given in Agricultural Science,
July.

Stachys AFFINIS — We have had occasion to
figure and describe this new vegetable on more than
one occasion, and to point out that the tubers are, in
reality, underground shoots, as in the case of the
Potato. Just as in the Potato we now and then find
tubers produced on the haulm, so now, it appears,
tubers have been found in the upper branches of the
Stachys. In the Botanische Zeitung for August 2, a
figure is given of these productions.

Die CLEMATIS.— The second edition of the
German translation of Messrs. Moore & Jackman's
work on the Clematis has just been published by
Hugo Voight, of Leipzig. The translators are J.
Habtwig and P. C. Heinemann, of Erfurt. It forms
one of the series of Heinemann's Garden Library.

SPANISH PLANTS.— The fifteenth part of Dr.
Willkomm's Illustrations of the Plants of Spain and
the Balearic Islands has recently been published. It
contains coloured figures of various Labiates and
Composites, accompanied by a descriptive text in
Latin, Spanish, and French. The figures are parti-
cularly faithful representations, and therefore far
more serviceable than more artistic or ideal repre-
sentations would be.

Fruit Exhibition in Ghent. — An inter-
national exhibition of fruits will be opened in the
great hall of the University at Ghent on Sep-
tember 28 next. The exhibit will consist of
collections suitable for special purposes, as for small
gardens, for market purposes, for road-sides ; also
collections showing what should be discarded ;
examples of drying apparatus, methods of packing,
illustrations of injurious insects, useful and mis-
chievous birds, &c. At the Congress, the subjects
of Vine-pruning, development of fruit culture, &c,
will be discussed.

Ealing and District Gardeners' Mutual
Improvement Society.— This body, to the num-
ber of thirty-three, paid a visit to Windsor Castle
park and gardens on the 13th inst., and after spend-
ing a very pleasant day in sight-seeing, returned to
Ealing in the evening.

Paris.

•- ■

THE HORTICULTURAL EXHIBITION.

August 1G to 21. — This exhibition was held in
the grounds of the Great Exhibition, and was of
considerable extent and of a high quality, especially
in the collection of Palms, Orchids, &c, which were
shown by several well-known Belgian nurserymen.
The French exhibits were confined more to cut
flowers, Gladioli being very fine, and Dahlias were
numerous and of average merit ; but they would be
seen to much greater advantage if shown on the
show-boards as in England, instead of— as was the
general rule — placed on moss in a deal box ; and one
exhibitor had his flowers spoilt by the fixing of a small
ticket to the very centre of the bloom. The chief
exhibits occupied two large tents, and beyond this
were numerous collections of Gourds and cut flowers
(in which Asters predominated) under shading in
the grounds, and in addition to that is the per-

manent exhibition of planted Roses, &c, and flower-
beds, with the collections of plants in greenhouses.

Palms and Foliage Plants. — Competition was not
food here. A successful exhibitor who won two 1st
prizes was M. Delavier, of Paris, who contributed an
extensive group of well-grown Palms and Cycads in
various sizes, some being of very noble dimensions ; a
spreading Latania borbonica was very conspicuous,,
and Corypha australis and Areca sapida were also-
well represented ; others being Kentia australis,
Rhapis flabelliformis, Chamairops excelsa, and
Phumix canariensis. Of Cycads there were well-
developed specimens of circinalis, horrida, and
C. revoluta. In a prize collection of foliage plants,
the same exhibitor had a variety of Dieffenbachias-
and Marantas, with Anthurium angustjnum, A.
Veitchii, and A. regale, which was a capital
example.

M. Poignard, 100, Route de Chatillon, Paris, sent
a number of healthy and vigorous Palms, arranged
effectively; specimens of Latania borbonica and
Corypha australis were the chief large plants, and
others included Phoenix mpicola, Cocos Weddeliana,
Kentia Balmoreana, Chamairops humilis, and a finfr
Areca Baueri as a centre-piece, relief being given by
the bright hues of Dracaenas Lindeni and terminalis-
A group not in the competition was sent by M. A.
Chantin, Paris, and was one of the best in the-
whole show, the plants were excellently grown,,
clean, and fresh-looking, with a strong development-
of foliage ; the group was also attractive on account
of the number of distinct plants. Chamserops
sinensis, Areca sapida, Phunix dactylifera, and
Pritchardia pacifica were the chief; and others in-
cluded Rhapis flabelliformis, Thrinax argentea
Sabal Blackburniana, and among Cycads, were Zamia
verrucosa, Z. Lehmanni, Z. revoluta, and Dion
edule.

A decorative bank of plants was arraoged by M.
Louis Dalle, of Vanves and Paris, the chief materials-
employed were large Palms of such species as Kentia,
Forsteriana, Livistonia Hoogendorpi, Latania bor-
bonica, Cocos flexuosa, Liquala grandis, &c, with a
few plants of Crotons, Draca:nas, Nepenthes, and
Adiantum in the foreground, which gave a finish to
the group; and as a further relief, one or two
Orchids in flower were to be seen, Cattleya Dowiana
and C. Sanderiana were good, and Oncidium lancea-
num was also well represented.

The 1st prize group of fifteen Palms was sent by
M. Leon Halkin, Brussels. All the specimens were
pictures of health, with a vigorous sturdy appearance,
evidencing excellent cultivation. A specimen of
Areca sapida must have been nearly 20 feet in height,
with a number of fine fronds ; Livistonia oliviformis
was another fine object ; and among others were
Kentia Belmoreana, Areca Baueri, Phoenix Ander-
soni, P. senegalensis, Livistonia filifera, and Chamse-
rops humilis, all with a great wealth of leafage.

A prize group of twenty Palms was sent by M. A.
Lange, Paris, who also had a miscellaneous group of
Palms and Cycads, which were of average quality,
and moderate dimensions ; Areca sapida, Sabal
Adansoni, Phcenix canariensis, and Rhapis flabelli-
formis were good examples ; and in the other lot
similar plants were shown, with the addition of
Zamias, Z. Lehmanni and Z. glauca being notice-
able.

The chief place for a collection of Palms was won
by M. A. Peeters, of Brussels, with satisfactory
specimens of moderate size, in fine condition ;
Glaziova insignis and Phoenix canariensis were two-
of the best.

From the nurseries of M. Louis van Houtte, Ghent,
came a number of grandly developed ornamental
foliaged plants, twenty in all, with which he won
the 1st prize without competition, but the award was
fully deserved — the enormous leaves of Coccoloba
pubescens measuring 2 to 2} feet across ; and of
Anthurium Gustavi, almost as large, were very
noticeable ; Anthurium Veitchii, a large plant, with
many leaves ; Pandanus Veitchii, Anthurium
Laucheanum and Areca sapida may also be named.
A grand example of Artocarpus grandis won for the

August 24, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

221

same exhibitor a 1st prize for fine cultivation. This
disposes of the collections of large plants, and we
now come to the smaller groups. One which imme-
diately attracts notice is a large number of well-
grown Dracaenas and small Palms in variety, which
won for Madame O. Block, Brussels, the 1st prize
offered for foliage plants as grown for market. M. L.
Duval Versailles, contributed a group of well-grown
foliage plants, and won 1st for a collection of foliage
plants remarkable for their strength and develop-
ment with several plants of Dracaena neo-caledonica,
which were remarkably strong and sturdy. Among
his other plants, yEchmea fulgens was seen in flower,
and Cissus discolor was well shown. MM. Jacob
Makoy & Co. were awarded 1st, for recently intro-
duced plants in the best cultivated examples, with
Dieffenbachia Lancheana, Gymnograrama Pearcei
robusta, Vriesia multicaulis, Pandanus Glaziovanus,
and Dracophyllum pandanccfolium, which is a very
pretty plant.

A collection of Dracosnas, which exhibited fine
cultivation, was sent by M. L. Dreps-Dom, from
Laeken, Belgium ; each variety was represented by
a row, and the plants were of a high quality; termi-
nalis, stricta, and amabilis were fine and richly -
-coloured specimens.

Balloon-trained stove plants, in very small ex-
amples, and a grand lot of Marantas, secured to M.
Alexis Dalliere, Ghent, two first places ; the first-
named collection did not contain anything of note,
butthe Marantas were beautiful, and fasciata, Ker-
■choviana, illustris, and Massangeana may be enume-
rated. M. Louis Van Houtte scored another success
for Bertolonias and Sonerillas, and again without
competition ; they were very attractive, the rich
greens and reds making some charming combina-
tions ; B. Comte de Kerchove, rose lines on
green ; and B. M. Finet, green, with white spots
along the margin, were very attractive. A large
collection of nice dwarf Bouvardia plants in flower,
-was shown by M. Auguste Gaillard, Boulogne-sur-
Seine, the rich red of President Cleveland stood out
•well, but elegans approached it closely ; President
Garfield and Priory Beauty, were also fine.

Orchids. — These were fairly numerous, but depended
on the fgw exhibitors making a display of consider-
able extent. The plants were healthy, well-
flowered, and of moderate size. M. A. A. Peeters,
Ghent, was the leading exhibitor, and took the 1st
place in the competition for the best group of plants.
He had a plentiful supply of Cattleyas, especially of
C. gigas and C. Gaskelliana, in several forms ; C.
Dowiana was represented by several richly coloured
plants, and Oncidium Lanceanum appeared to be a
favourite ; Cattleya superba splendens, richly coloured
rosy-magenta; C. Leopoldi, Ccelogyne Massangeana,
and Odontoglossum Harryanum, were to be seen,
and a few plants of O. crispum and of Miltonia
vexillaria. The same exhibitor led for twelve
plants, and had Oncidium ampliatum majus, very
full of flower ; Epidendrum prismatocarpum,
with three spikes ; Vanda cccrulea, well flowered ;
a very richly-coloured form of Cattleya gigas ; and
he also had plants of Anguloa Clowesi, Oncidium
dasytile, Odontoglossum hastatnm, with a good
spike, and the bright yellow flowers of Cattleya
xanthina, were very pleasing. For the two best-
flowered recently introduced plants, Cattleya gut-
tata Leopoldi odorata with bright green sepals
and petals, the lip being crimson on the median lobe,
and with white side-lobes ; and Miltonia vexillaria
superba, deeply tinted with a dark blotch of good
size, took the prize, being shown by M. Peeters. The
2nd place, for a collection of Orchids, was taken by
Madame 0. Block, who followed close upon M.
Peeters ; a well-flowered specimen of Oncidium in-
curvum, with two spikes of bloom ; Cattleya Leo-
poldi, Odontoglossum Bictonenses, Cypripedium
ciliolare, and C. superciliolare, Cattleya gigas, C.
Dowiana, Odontoglossum hastilabium, and O. cris-
pum, &c, were^seen here. M. Vuylsteyke, Ghent, had
the best thirty plants, showing a very interesting
group. Cattleya gigas was a fine plant here, and
Odontoglossum Schliperianum, 0. Harryanum, Cypri-

pedium superciliolare, Oncidium Weltoni, and with
its curiously twisted petals, the showy O. Krameri,
and Odontoglossums crispum, vexillarium, Wilcke-

aiiiini, &c, were also shown beside.

Various. — As has already been stated, collections
of Asters were very numerous, and it is needless to
particularise about the various groups, beyond re-
cording that the plants of MM. Forgeot & Co. were
awarded the 1st position. Another strong point of
the show was in the collections of Gladioli, and
Messrs. Kelway & Son, Langport, Somerset, contri-
buted a creditable lot, this firm being, as far as we
observed, the only English one in the show. Gail-
lardias, Dahlias, and Hollyhocks, were also sent by
them. Duchess of Fife, pale pink, flushed rose;
Eiffel, shaded rosy-pink on white, with a white
throat ; and Plantagenet, scarlet, with a pale centre,
were good varieties of Gladiolus. A few miscel-
laneous hardy herbaceous plants were also seen.
M. Thibaut, Aine, Paris, also had a good collection
of cut flowers in variety. Very few indeed were the
Gladioli of MM. Vilraorin, Andrieux, & Co., Paris,
which had been grown at Fontainebleau ; the spikes
were well flowered, and the individual blooms bright,
and of good size ; African, dark red ; L'Ardoise,
slaty-red ; Abricote, salmon, were among the good
forms. M. Torcy, Neleun, also showed creditably, and
M. Lemoine, Nancy, contributed specimens of bis new
hybrids of the Nanceianus strain, President Carnot,
commented on in our last week's number, being seen.
The 1st place for new plants was taken b) M. Gou-
chet, for Ligcstrum macrophyllum, with marginal
variegations on the leaves ; Deutzia gracilis aurea,
and Dimorphantus Mandshuricus, with leaves of pale
green with a white edge. Begonias (tuberous) were
best from M. Alexandre Robert, of Vesinet, and M.
Crousse, Nancy, whose plants were of fair merit ; and
from M. Cogneau, gardener to M. Cavaroc, Bievres,
came a capital collection of ornamental-foliaged
Begonias — in all, about one hundred plants.

Roses were numerous from M. Leveque & Sons,
Ivry, but the blooms were not up to the English
form. Specimens of the new Clematis Madame
Baron Viellard came from the nurseries of M. Baron
Viellard, Orleans ; it looked much better than it did
at the last show of the Royal Horticultural Society
at Westminster ; and, indeed the half-dozen plants
laden with flowers were very attractive — the colour
is bright, and it was certainly a distinct novelty.

The largest exhibitor of Dahlias was M. Ferard,
Paris, who showed 400 varieties, the blooms being of
average size and quality. M. Thiebaut sent Dahlias
and Zinnias; and M. Torcy and the members of the
Montmorency Horticultural Society sent collections
which contained some good show blooms ; and an
extensive lot of average merit was sent by MM. Du-
panloup & Co., Paris.

Fruit and Vegetables were not very numerous, and
of the last named M. M. Vilmorin, Andrieux & Co.,
had the largest and most comprehensive collection,
showing Cabbages, Lettuce, Endives, Beans, Melons,
Squashes, Potatos, &c, in great variety. Alpine
Strawberries, which are favourites with the French,
were sent by M. Miceat, and two Water Melons
from Hungary, were conspicuous objects, one weigh-
ing 36 lbs. Tomatos were represented by heavily
cropped plants from M. 1'arglot, who had other
vegetables, too ; and M. E. Solomon Thorney sent a
collection of very fine Grapes, each variety being
ticketed with the name of the country in which it was
raised, the synonyms, &c. ; these Grapes were of high
quality, richly coloured, and the berries well developed.
Chasselas Rose, San Antoine, Lady Downes, Black
Hamburgh, and Caouch were shown, and the 1st
prize was awarded. In connection with Grapes, it
was interesting to note the exhibit of Mr. L.
Rousseau, gr. to the Comte de Choiseul, who showed
branches of vines, illustrating the early ripening of
the bunches on the cut branches were ripe, while
those on the branches which were not cut were still
unripe. Muscat St. Laurent and Black Hamburgh
had been experimented upon.

In houses outside the tents were exhibits of several

nurserymen. MM. Chantrier frcres, Mortefontaine,
showed Nepenthes in variety, with a number of fine
pitchers, Dracaenas, Crotons, and various Anthuriums
and Alocasias, all in excellent condition, and won
1st prize for each. M. Truffaut, Versailles, had
a small house artistically decorated with Orchids
and foliage plants, including Philodendron
Sellowianum, Alpinia vittata, and Alocasias, &c, in
variety.

The collections of MM. Vilmorin Andrieux &
Co. were very extensive, and of high quality, the
beds of annuals, Zinnias, Amaranths, Cockscombs,
&c, were a show of great size. Begonias for bed-
ding were very good, and some dwarf small-flowered,
very floriferous varieties were to be seen ; Madame
Comtois, pale yellow, and Rosea multiflora, rose-red,
are likely to be useful bedders. A patch of Isotoma
axillaris, with its lilac-blue flowers, was very pretty :
and among Asters, a cream-coloured one is rather
novel.

MM. Bruneau and Jost, Bourg la Reine, had a
capital collection of fruits, including Borowitskv
(syn. of Duchess of Oldenberg), Calville Rouge,
Cellini, Tower of Glamis Apples ; and Clapp's
Favourite and other well-known Pears in highly-
finished samples, as well as open-air Grapes, and
good Plums, all in good examples. M. Verrier
sent beautiful fruits of Louise Bonne Pear, Lemon
Pippin, and Borowitsky. Peaches were sent by
M. Chevalier & Son, Montreuil ; and M. Rothberg,
Gennevilliers, sent a grand lot of Apples and
Pears, Peasgood's Nonsuch and Lord Suffield Apples,
Williams and Doyenne Boussonch Pears being
noticeable. Plums were also good, as Kirke's, Vic-
toria, Coe's Golden Drop, and Belvoir. The Seine
and Oise Horticultural Society showed a very good
lot of fruits of Doyenne Boussouch and Williams
Pears, and Borwitsky Apples very fine. JIM. Croux
& Son sent a collection, in which the Kelsey or
Japanese Plum excited much attention. Clapp's
Favourite, Jargonelle, and Souvenir du Congres
Pears, with Emperor Alexander and Gravenstein
Apples were very fine specimens.

A collection of fruiting Pines was sent by M.
Gremont Jeune Sarcelles — thirty in all — Smooth
Cavenne and Charlotte Rothschild being the varieties.
A 1st prize was given.

Horticultural and Botanical Notes at the
Exhibition.

In the buildings of the various South American
States, there are many complete and interesting
illustrations of the various useful products of the
Palms. Thus in Brazil are shown those of the Car-
nauba Palm, Copernicia cerifera, the terminal- bud
of which furnishes a delicate and substantial food
in a kind of Cabbage ; a powder on the leaves fur-
nishes a species of wax, which is largely consumed
locally, and exported to Europe to the value of about
£200,000 annually. The leaves furnish a useful
fibre for cordage, hammocks, &c. Hats, mats, baskets,
and brooms are also made of it. It might be used as
a paper material, The pulp of the fruit has a good
flavour, and the nut roasted and ground has been
used as a substitute for Coffee. But in the great
Coffee-producing country of the world, it is not
required there. From the trunk a substance resem-
bling Maize-meal is obtained, and a sap which is con-
verted into wine and vinegar. The wood is useful
for cabinet and joiner's work, being hard, and sus-
ceptible of a fine polish.

The Attalea genus, and other species from Brazil,
also furnish the valuable brush fibre known as
Piassaba, or Bast.

The leaves of the Palmettos, various species of
Sabal, are much used in Mexico and Central America
for making the sombreros or large Cabbage-tree hats,
for thatching dwellings, for baskets, mats, and
cordage, and, when dried, are put up into bales and
sold for paper stock.

In the Chili pavilion all the products of the Palrua
de Ocoa (Jubea spectabilis) are shown, in larje sec-
tions of the trunk, the spathes, cordage, mats, hats,
baskets, coarse paper, and honey in tins.

222

TEE GARDENEBS' CERONICLE.

[August 24, 1889.

The downy silk cottons of the pods or seed-vessels
-of Bombon are shown in various sections, in Cam-
bodia, in the Dutch Eastern possessions, and other
quarters. In Holland there is a large importation
of this silky down under the name of Kapok, it being
largely used there for stuffing beds, pillows, cushions,
coverlets, &c. In England it has been used under
the name of Ceiba down, to replace the down of the
Eider duck, fordressing-gowns and coverlets. Various
unsuccessful attempts have been made to utilise this
and products of the Asclepiads by spinning it into
cloth.

The Botanical and Horticultural Congresses. — On
Thursday, as President of the Botanical Society
of France, M. Henry de Vilmorin entertained about
130 of the members of the Congress and foreign
-visitorsand Commissioners of the Exhibition at dinner
-at his Chateau, Verrieres-le-Baisson. As M. de
Vilmorin is 6o eminent a botanist and an admirable
linguist, foreigners find themselves quite at home in
his family circle and grounds, where arboricultural,
-floricultural, horticultural, and agricultural speci-
mens of the choicest kinds abound ; hence the fete
•was very enjoyable. The President of the Congress
is Dr. Fischer von Waldheim, of Warsaw; Dr.
Marcus Hartog, of Cork, the Vice-President.

In June last the French and foreign agriculturists
•were also invited to visit M. de Vilmorin's experi-
mental farm and grounds. The estate of Verrieres,
which has been in the hands of the Vilmorin family
since 1815, has within the last forty years been the
depository of all the old and rare plants, and the trial-
ground for testing new kinds and species. The experi-
mental cultures carried on here amount to about
25,000 parcels of different kinds a year for the produc-
tion of choice seeds for multiplication, for the trial of
•seeds intended for extensive culture, and for the pre-
•eervation of special type collections, serving for com-
parison and study of ancient and recent plants.

On Monday, the Horticultural Congress was opened,
under the presidency of Mr. Hardy, Vice-President
of the National Horticultural Society of France. On
Tuesday evening the annual soirie or conversazione of
•the Botanical Society of France, was held at its rooms,
when there was a full and fashionable gatheriug
under the genial presidency of M. Henry de Vil-
morin and Madame de Vilmorin.

The Apiary.

TAKE CARE OF THE WAX.
This has been referred to in previous years, but
wax is such a useful article, and always fetches such
a good price, that reference will again be made to it,
with improved methods of obtaining it. In the
modern system of bee-keeping there is less waste of
combs, and as they are utilised again from season to
season, sometimes lasting five or six years, the
modern beekeeper finds he has less comb to melt
down than under the old-fashioned system ; but of
course there will be some, and every scrap ought to
be saved ; besides, if it is thrown about the garden,
it is not only useless and untidy, but attracts the
wax-moth. But there are still numberless disciples
of the skep, and we always keep one or two in our
apiary. These will contain combs which must be
got out and broken in order to get the honey, and so
there will continue to be a supply. The old-
fashioned way of extracting the wax was by boiling it
•in a bag in the copper ; the new-fashioned way is by
steaming the combs in a machine somewhat after
the manner of cooking Potatos in a steamer. Both
of these systems have their advantages and disad-
vantages. I have tried both, and find the latter too
tedious. The former is not to be despised, but a
combination of the two seems to be best. There is a
machine which consists of an outer tin case, and an
inner one of perforated zinc. The inner vessel is
used for the combs, and the space between that and
the outer vessel is filled with water. There is a tap
communicating with the outside vessel. When thus
filled with combs and water, the utensil is placed on

a fire or over a gas or oil stove. All the wax will as
usual find its way to the top because it is lighter
than water, and when cool a nice cake of wax will be
found on the top. A machine of this sort has a
great many advantages. First, you are quite inde-
pendent of the copper, and the cook, which is a con-
sideration to some ; besides this, such an article can
be used for a great many purposes. It can be used
as an uncapping can, and if combs are accidentally
broken in extracting, they can also be put in, and
the honey drained out. It can also be used to make
syrup, mead, hydromel, and many other purposes. If
the bee-keeper once uses snch an apparatus, he would
not willingly be without it. Bee.

POT WASHING MACHINE.

Thb accompanying illustration (fig. 31), which
we have copied from the pages of the American
Florist, of July 1, 1889, shows a simple machine
which Messrs. Alburger & Bro., Philadelphia, use
to great advantage in cleaning pots. In every
greenhouse establishment considerable quantities of
pots are used several times, and all know that such
should be washed and cleaned before being used over
again. Washing and cleaning by hand is the usual
method, and a slow one it is, but by the use of this
simple affair it can be done with great rapidity.

The brushes on the end of the shaft are made of a
shape to fit the inside of the pot, and several sizes
are used, though one brush does the work for a num-
ber of sizes of pots. The shaft of the machine

Fig. 31.— pot washing machine.

shown is revolved by steam power, but one can be
easily arranged to be worked by hand power, and
even in this way two boys — one to hold the pots and
another to supply the power — can accomplish as
much work as four or five working by hand.

Certainly such a machine will pay for itself in a
very short time where a large quantity of pots are to
be cleaned annually, as the expense of contruction is
comparatively slight. The wheel which supplies the
power should of course be considerably larger than
the one on the shaft, thus causing the shaft to
revolve with sufficient rapidity to be effective and do
quick work.

The Hardy Fruit Garden.

Peaches and Nectarines. — By this time the
earlier varieties of Peaches will have been gathered,
and the trees may be freely pruned, leaving no more
wood than is necessary to fill up the tree and for
fruiting next year. The young wood should be laid
in thinly, and as evenly as may be, cutting the shoots
which have borne fruit clean away at the base, if not
required for any particular purpose, while the young
non-fruiting shoot to be removed should be cut back
to a couple of buds, these latter not unfrequently
bearing fruit the next year. Syringe the trees well
to keep down red-spider, and deluge the roots with
water if required, so that every encouragement may
be given to them. Syringe the trees of all the
later kinds daily, if the weather be fine and warm,
and continue it until the fruit show signs of ripen-
ing. By keeping the foliage healthy and clean of
insect pests, the fruit becomes considerably larger,

and of much better flavour. Feed the trees, if heavily
cropped, with weak guano- water, or some other
approved manure, and reinive to aside all the
foliage which may be shading the fruit.

Pears. — The removal of all soft growth, if this has
not been already done, will require attention. Some
of the Williams' Bon Chreiieua may now be gathered
and placed in the fruit-roum to fully ripen, taking
the forwardest at various times from all parts of the
trees. Beurre Giffitrd and the good old Jargonelle
are now ripe, and to prolong their season they should
be treated like the Williams'. Petite Marguerite —
now ripe — is cropping well here this year; the fruits
are rather small, but rich and sweet. H. Marlchain,
Mereworth Castle, Maidstone.

Home Correspondence.

SCIADOPITYS VERTICILLATA.— Where does the
Sciadopitys flourish in this country ?— and how does
it fare in our uncertain climate? That it is rare I
am assured, for I have only seen this quaint and
remarkable Conifer a few times in England, in spite
of my having often inspected most of the more
important gardens. Before the Vandals entered
those ancient nursery gardens at Exeter — in that
once famous Pinetum there stood a symmetrical
specimen fully 10 feet in height — and may still
exist. From my boyhood I have always had regard
for this specimen, because it was one of the manv
pets that my old master, the late Mr. Robert Pince,
fostered and loved, and we used to call it " the
Umbrella Pine." So extremely slow was its growth,
that the tree seemed, in general appearance, much
the same all the years I knew it. I remember seeing
another, but smaller, specimen at the late Sir John
Walrond's seat at Bradfield, Cullompton, and some-
where in that distant part of West Cornwall — the
stony district of the Lizard — I met with the finest
of all. It is some years ago now, but I believe that
it was in the highly ornamental grounds of Scorrier
House, where also is one of the richest and finest
collections of Conifenu in those parts. W. Napper.

TOWN TREES. — Two years ago a double line of
standard trees of the Oriental Plane (Platanus
orientalis) was planted in one of the widest streets
in this town, and being carefully planted in suitable
soil they have made considerable progress ; one tree,
however, which grew very freely last summer was,
early in the present season, found to be dead. The
stem of each tree is protected by a substantial iron
guard, and prevented from coming into contact with
the iron guard by means of strong, soft string. But
in the case of the tree which has failed, it was found
to have been secured by iron wire, which was pre-
vented from coming into actual contact with the
stem by means of a band of hay, the fastening being
about 5 feet above the ground. It is noticed that
that portion of the tree above the wire fastening is
quite dead, while immediately below it the stem is
alive, and showing indications of growth. It is
thought possible that the destruction of the upper
portion of this tree may have been effected by light-
ning, the wire having acted as a conductor to the
same. Will you kindly say if you think this likely.
[Possibly. Ed.] P. G., Bury St. Klmmils.

THE TREES ON THE THAMES EMBANKMENT —
I observe in your issue of the 10th inst. some refer-
ence to the method pursued in dealing with the
Plane trees upon the Victoria Embankment road-
way ; I would therefore just mention what has
actually been done in the matter. On December 1,
1886, I prepared and laid a report before the Parks,
&c, Committee of the late Metropolitan Board of
Works, to the effect that each alternate tree ought
to be removed within a few years (I believe I said
eight or ten), and I asked that the matter should be
at once decided upon. A plan was accordingly pre-
pared showing every tree along the road, and I
marked upon it those which I considered should be
removed, selecting as far as possible the healthiest
specimens to remain. In some cases, where there
were scrubby trees growing upon the sites where
others were required, I have had them replaced by
vigorous trees from Finsbury and Southwark Parks.
The branches of those trees decided upon to be ulti-
mately removed have since been kept cut in, so as to
allow the permanent ones to spread unchecked, and
when the time for removal arrives, I have no doubt
that the arrangement decided in December, 1886,
will be carried out. J. Ed. Cochrane, Superintendent,
Finsbury Park.

Acgust 24, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

223

PEACHES AND OTHER FRUITS AT KEN-
WARD.— At Lady Fletcher's place, Kenward, near
Yaldin" Kent, are to be seen at the present time
annsualiy fine crops of Peaches, Pears, Green Gages,
and Figs, and on one tree of the Royal George Peach

a variety somewhat subject to mildew in some

places, I counted upwards of 200 fine fruits. Belle-
^arde,' Noblesse, and many of the best varieties, are
all bearing heavy crops, and I was told that such
has been the case for several years in succession.
Mr E. Smith, whose name is well known to growers
of fruit for exhibition, and who is especially strong
in Pears, is no believer in coddling the trees, and

■ tne oniy protection he affords them is that of an
'• 11-inch coping-board, no front protection whatever
I bein" employed, Mr. Smith believing that so much

protection does more harm than good. These boards
are fixed to brackets driven into the face of the wall,
and are put up in the months of November and

■ December, the object being to keep the buds dry as
far as possible, and by which means he maintains they

, are retarded. This slight and inexpensive protection
is regarded as being of great importance in Peach-
bowing on open walls. One other feature I observed
was, that notwithstanding the trees were a picture
of health, being clean of aphis, free of red spider,
and the leaves of a deep green colour, the wood
was somewhat smaller than I usually care to have it ;
but after seeing the beautiful crops of fruit, I am
convinced that this is the proper kind of wood.
The growth intended to bear fruit next year is very
thinly and evenly trained, and not a blank space
could be seen. Figs, too, have their shoots very
thinly trained likewise, and ripen off large fruits.
Pear trees of the best varieties were in some
instances bearing clean promising-looking fruit;
Marie Louise being conspicuous among the varieties
which are carrying heavy crops. I would just
mention that glass-houses are not many or large ;
and that in every part of the gardens, neatness and
cleanliness prevail. H. M. M.

LISIANTHUS RUSSELLIANUS — This splendid plant
onght to be grown more extensively. I enclose you
some sprays cut from two 6-inch pots ; their
gorgeous violet-coloured flowers are very attractive,
and last for weeks. It grows freely with us from
seed ; we have also tried it from cuttings, but prefer
the former method. Your correspondent, " F. li.,"
drew your readers' attention to this plant in a former
number of the Gardeners' Chronicle. I should add
that it is grown here in an intermediate-house, in a
mixture of light turfy loam, leaf-mould, and char-
coal. H. R. H., Ashbumhatn Gardens. [Fine speci-
mens. For figure, see ffai-d. Chron.,Aug. 18, 1887. Ed.]

THE CHISWICK VEGETABLE CONFERENCE.— As
it is obvious that this gathering, should be specially
popular with provincial vegetable growers, permit
me to suggest to those numerous persons who go out
from London and its neighbourhood to judge at pro-
vincial flower shows, they should make special refer-
ence to the Conference at every fitting opportunity,
•especially when in the society of gardens is.
If these gentlemen would arm themselves
with a few of the schedules, which can
readily be obtained from Mr. Barron, they might
get many copies into districts which might other-
wise remain ignorant of what is to take place at
Chiswick. The seed trade, which should exhibit
■exceeding interest in the Conference, might also
• place many copies in the hands of its best gardener
customers; but especially among those having good

■ reputations as vegetable growers. Perhaps it would
i be wisest were each firm to send a list of selected
i names to Mr. Barron, who could then supply to

those gardeners not previously in receipt of a
schedule. The market garden element also needs
stirring. So far that seems to be sadly indifferent to
, what is being done. I fear too many of this
class think that they have nothing to learn in
the matter of vegetable culture. If that be so, then
in sending of their best samples to the Conference,
they may do something to help educate gardeners,
all of whom may not be so certain that they excel.
It would, indeed, be odd that a Conference held
in the midst of the London market vegetable
trade, should lack the best products of those market
gardens. A. Dean.

GLAZED POTS FOR ORCHIDS. — In answer to

" Hortus' " enquiry as to the value of glazed pots for

Orchids, I may say that my opinion is unfavourable

. to their use. I have closely watched their effect on plants

1 for the past six years, and I find that for the first year

little difference can be noticed in the growth of the

plants in the glazed pot from those in the ordinary pot,
but in the second year and onward a change is easily
noticed, the foliage begins to loose its deep green
hue, and the points of the roots die off wherever they
come in contact with the sides of the pot, which is,
no doubt, the cause of yellow leaves. The only good
character I can give them is the amount of labour
saved in cleaning, as little or no washing is re-
quired ; but, as the well-being of the plants is of
the most importance, I would advise " Hortus "
to keep to the well tried porous flower-pot,
and he will have the pleasure of seeing his plants
root and grow not only as well but much better than
ever he will do in glazed pots. ft. C. Fraser.

THE POTATO DISEASE.— A striking illustration of
the action of wind and rain in promoting the spread of
the Peronospora spores in the fungus has been
manifested here in several eases. I find where
Potato breadths are sheltered from the rain and wind
by trees, such as rows of Damsons or Apples, or even
by individual trees of diverse nature, that the tops
remain fresh and green, whilst just beyond the radius
of the tree shelters the leaves on the Potato plant
have absolutely disappeared. The fact seems to me
to illustrate beyond all doubt the now generally
received conclusion, that the spores are borne on the
wind to the Potato breadths, and by the rain
moistened and rendered fertile for evil. Whence
come the spores still seems to remain a mystery, for
if emanating from the soil ; why are not tops pro-
tected partially by trees — for it is but partially after
all, as the heavy rains have thoroughly wetted the
plants within the tree line often — just as much
injured by the spores as are those plants beyond the
line? Were this curious matter seen in one case
only, I should not have noticed it as offering con-
clusive proof ; but when I meet with the illustration
in several instances, then I think the case is proved.
I mentioned recently that for special reasons I had
not earthed up any Potatos this year. I will not
aver as a result, but it is a fact, that although the
tops of the early kinds have almost entirely disap-
peared under the action of the fungus, yet wherever
the crop has been lifted, I have so far found no
disease worthy of mention. The tubers came out far
drier than they did last year when earthed, and there
is also a wonderfully good crop. Some of my neigh-
bours who manure freely and have lighter soil than
mine, found disease rampant in the tubers of Beauty
of Hebron. I give little or no fresh manure to
Potatos, and so far have wonderfully good crops.
With further fine weather we shall have a big general
crop of tubers throughout the country. A. D.

WASPS. — As an interesting matter of natural
history, I may remark that we have not been troubled
with any common wasps' nests this season, but within
a very small radius we have found eight fully developed
nests of the tree wasp " Vespa Britannica.'' sus-
pended to branches of fine Rhodendrons,one Laurel,
one Thuja gigantea and one Hawthorn. They are
globular in shape, about six inches in diameter, and
wonderfully formed. I enclose a portion of one.
W. H. Rogers, Red Lodge Nursery, Southampton.

SHOOTS OF SPRUCES NIBBLED OFF BY BIRDS.
— Some Spruce trees in my garden have for some
weeks had the ground beneath them covered with
twigs, such as I enclose. I believe they are pulled off
by greenfinches, but for what purpose I should like to
know. All the twigs seem broken in a node caused
by some insect. Are the birds likely to be search-
ing for insects? C. W. D. [The twigs are, some of
them, tunnelled by the grub of some beetle, others
are affected with Chermes laricis. No doubt the
birds were attracted by such tempting morsels. Ed.]

Societies.

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL.

A meeting of the Fruit and Vegetable Committee
was held at Chiswick on Tuesday last, the 20th inst.
Present : Dr. Hogg, F.L.S., in the chair. Messrs.
J. Wright, J. Burnett, J. Hudson, G. Wythes, G.
Cummins, and W. Warren. The several varieties
of Potatos on trial this year in the Royal Horti-
cultural Society's Gardens, were examined on Tues-
day last by members of the Fruit and Vegetable
Committee, and the following varieties were selected
as productive and good in appearance. The heavy
rains of the night previous to lifting, affected the
whole of them prejudicially, and though several were
cooked, it was considered advisable to submit them
to a further trial for satisfactorily determining their
quality.

Vegetarian (Dean). — Oval, white, free cropper, fine
sample.

The Canon (Dean). — White, round, medium size,
splendid crop.

Edgcotc Early. — Kidney, medium size, good shape
and good crop.

Tlte Governor (Dean). -Kidney, white, large, even,
and good crop.

Crown Jewel (Fletcher). — White, round, evenly
shaped, medium-sized tubers, great crop.

Bedfont Purple (Dean). — Fine uniform tubers, and
a good crop.

Irishman (Kane). — White, round tubers, large with
somewhat deep eyes ; very heavy crop.

Debutante (Ross). — Bright crimson, round, uniform :
good crop, rather small tubers.

Early Victor (Oakshott & Millard). — Large, white,
flattish oval, even sized tubers, good crop.

Satisfaction (Oakshott & Millard). — White, round,
heavy crop of good-sized tubers.

Tacoma (Bliss). — Pink, large, roundish, a heavy
crop.

Ellington's Prolific. — White, round, medium size,
even ; very heavy crop.

Mr. C. Ross, Welford Park Gardens, Newbury,
sent three varieties of Melons: — 1, Standard, a
scarlet-fleshed variety ; 2, Colonel Greenfell, green-
fleshed ; 3, Duchess of Fife, green-fleshed. They
were all somewhat deficient in flavour, and passed.
Mr. Prall, Matfield Nurseries, Brenchley, sent a
seedling Apple greatly resembling Beauty of Bath —
passed. The committee examined the Potatos
growing in the Gardens, of which there were 108
samples. Some thirty seedling varieties received
from Mr. Bliss, New York, were examined, proving
remarkable for their extraordinary cropping qualities
and uniform great size, but were considered some-
what rough for general culture.

Trade Notice.

It is announced that the business of Messrs.
Shuttleworth, Carder & Co., Orchid Importers, of
Park Road, Clapham, has been purchased by Mr.
J. Charlesworth, of Heaton, Bradford ; but Mr.
Shuttleworth will remain in the firm in partnership
with Mr. Charlesworth, who has made great head-
way in the Orchid trade in the North. The change
should give fresh impetus to a firm already of good
repute ; and the tried abilities of Mr. Shuttleworth
will be of great service on the more extensive scale
on which the two establishments will have to be
worked together.

HASTINGS.

Tins Society held its annual show on Wednesday
the 14th inst. Plants and vegetables were un-
usually good, and fruit was of average quality.
The committee have been very unfortunate in regard
to weather, as in the last three years the show days
have proved most unfavourable. This was the more
to be regretted this year, as the Alexandra Park,
where the show was held, was to have been lighted
up after dark, and this part of the arrangements had
to be abandoned, with the result that the committee
have to face a rather heavy loss. I selected a few of
the principal classes wherein Mr. Crossman, a rising
young exhibitor, came off with high honours, closely
followed by Mr. Portnell, who is a much older
hand.

Eight varieties of stove and greenhouse plants in
bloom. — 1st, F. Crossman, gr. to Miss Brisco. Cog-
hurst Hall ; 2nd, T. Portnell, gr. to Sir A. Lamb.
B 'auport Park. It was thought by some persons that
the 1st and 2nd prizes ought to have been reversed,
but, taken as a whole, they were a very creditable lot.

Six varieties. -1st, J. Tabor, gr. to Dr. Wilkey,
Ash ford.

Ornamental plants, eight, in varieties. — 1st, E. C.
Cilbert, nurseryman, Hastings. The 1st prize
plants were excellent.

Eight exotic Ferns.— 1st, E. C. Gilbert.

Six varieties of Fuchsias. — 1st, T. Portnell.
Nice plants in all cases, of good shape, compact, and
well flowered.

Six double Pelargoniums. — lst.F. Crossman. These
were fine plants, of which it may be noted that those
which took the 1st prize were trained, even to the
flower-spikes — a most unnatural method.

224

THE GARDENERS" CHRONICLE.

[August 24, 1889.

Six single Pelargoniums. — Messrs. I'ortnell and
Lavender took the 1st and 2nd prizes in the order
named.

Tuberous Begonias, four varieties, in flower. — 1st,
A. Gadd. Fine, strong plants, which found many
admirers.

Collection of eight dishes of fruit. — 1st, T.
Portnell.

Grapes : Black Hamburgh, three bunches. — 1st,
F. Crossman. Anv other kind-. — 1st, F. Grossman.
Three bunches of White Grapes. — 1st, W. Allen.

In the two classes for Peaches ((>), and Nectarines
{6), Mr. Duncan showed beautiful fruit fit for any
exhibition table, and other exhibits were of fair
quality.

Collection of Vegetables, consisting of nine sorts.
— 1st, Mr. Crossman, who was quite unapproached,
with a fine even lot.

Messrs. Sutton & Sons prizes for six varieties
of vegetables, were secured by Messrs. Lavender,
Sutton, and T. Apps, in the order of their names.

Potatos were well shown by Messrs. Lavender,
Helman, Gilmour, and Bannistei, and the competi-
tion was severe, a very large quantity of tubers being
staged, much of which was good in quality.

The cottagers of the town and district showed
with great credit to themselves in the classes
specially set apart for them. H. B. Holmes.

TAUNTON DEANE HORTICULTURAL.

August 15. — By general consent this was acknow-
ledged to be one of the best exhibitions this Society
has ever held. Not only were the exhibits generally
of a high order of merit, but they were so numerous
that the tents proved inadeqmate to contain them,
and they were in many cases inconveniently crowded.
There is urgent need at Taunton for better tents,
the present ones are old and dark and not wide
enough ; and they are pitched a little too near
the shade of trees. The whole method of staging
•sadly needs revision. The large plants especially
might be grouped to far greater advantage by placing
them upon the ground, and getting rid of a large
quantity of rough and unnecessary staging. Such
fine plants as are produced at Taunton, deserve to
be so displayed so that their full beauty can be set
forth, but this is a long way from being the case
under the present system, and it is a defect in
several of the leading exhibitions held in the West
■of England. But it is very difficult to lead people
away from the old tracks, and so we can preach
without any appreciable advantage being derived
■from it.

Stow- and Greenhouse Plants are always a great
feature at Taunton, and they were especially line on
this occasion. Mr. James Cypher, of Cheltenham,
was in strong force, and placed 1st with admirable
examples of the following twelve in flower : Clero-
<lendron Balfourianum, Stephanotis floribunda.
Bougainvillea glabra, very fine. A very fine piece of
Statice profusa, Phamocoma prolifera Barnesi, a
veritable giant ; Allamanda nobilis, A. grandiflora,
Ixora Fraseri, Erica ampullacea Barnesii, E. austri-
nana, E. tricolor grandiflora, and E. Irbyana. 2nd,
Mr. G. Lock, gr. to B. W. Cleave, Esq., Cudston,
Devon, whose leading plants were Eucharis ama-
zonica, Ixora Duffii, Allamanda nobilis, Bougaiu-
villea glabra, Erica Thompsonii, &c.

Mr. Cypher also had the best six, staging excel-
lent plants of Clerodendron Balfourianum, Ixora
amabilis, Statice Butcherii, fine in colour ; and
Erica Irbyana, E. I. austiniana, and E. oblata pur-
purea ; 2nd, Mr. Lock, with Lapageria rosea, Im-
patiens Hawkeri, Allamanda Hendersoni, Cleroden-
dron Balfourianum, Bougainvillea glabra, and Erica
ampullacea.

In the class for twelve specimens there was a keen
competition, Mr. Lock being placed 1st witli Eucharis
amazonica, Ixora coccinea, Dipladenia amabilis,
Erica ajraula, Stephanotis floribunda, Croton War-
renii, C. princeps, a C. Chelsoni, all beautifully
coloured ; and grand Kentia Fosteriana, &c. ; 2nd,
Mr. W. Rowlands, gr. to W. Brock, Esc]., Crediton,
a new exhibitor, who is likely to make a good repu-
tation as a successful cultivator, who had as his
leading plants excellent examples of Anthurium
Andreanum, Bougainvillea glabra, Croton Evans-
ianus, C. Disraeli, and Allamanda Hendersonii.

Mr. C. Lucas, gr. to J. Marshall, Esq., Taunton,
had the best six specimens, staging in good condition
Allamanda nobilis, Nepenthes Dominiana, with
twenty pitchers, a very fine piece indeed ; Cleroden-
dron Balfourianum, Stephanotis floribunda, Ixora
Williamsii, and Erica Irbyana ; 2nd, Mr. G. Lock,

his leading plants being Croton Prince of Wales, C.
angustifolius, Allamanda Hendersonii, and Erica
Aitoniensis.

Mr. E. Wills had the best four plants in (lower,
having Erica oblata purpurea, Stephanotis flori-
bunda, Clerodendron Balfourianum, and Allamanda
nobilis ; 2nd, Mr. H. Jones, gr. to .1 . C. Doherty, Esq.,
Taunton, his best plants being Bougainvillea glabra,
Eucharis amazonica, and Allamanda Uendersonii.

Mr. Lucas had the best specimen stove plant in
Clerodendron Balfourianum ; Mr. Lock being 2nd
with Dipladenia profusa.

The best specimen greenhouse plant, a finely
grown and bloomed double Begonia, from Mr. II.
Tomlin, Taunton ; Mr. S. Tottle, Taunton, coming
2nd with Plumbago capensis.

Miscellaneous Flowering Plants. — Bedding Pelar-
goniums, double, single, variegated, and tricolor, are
always good features at Taunton. The principal
prize-winners were Messrs. Penny, Godding, and
Ilillard. Fuchsias were represented by four good
specimens from Mr. H. Godding, Lye's Charming
being particularly noticeable. The best light varie-
ties were Mrs. Marshall and Kose of Castille.
Cockscombs, well grown in this part of the country,
were highly finished. Japan Lilies in pots were
represented by good specimens of L. speciosum in
variety, and L. auratum. Achimenes were a very
fine feature ; Mr. C. Lucas, gr. to J. Marshall, Esq.,
Taunton, staged four of the best specimens we have
ever seen ; they consisted of Margaretta, Perfection,
Mauve Queen, and Edmond Bossier. The 2nd prize
went to Mr. W. G. Marshall, with slightly inferior
plants of Margaretta, Dazzle, Mauve Queen, and
Ambrose Verschaffelt. Mr. Thomas, gr. to W. G.
Marshall, Esq., was 1st with some very good
Gloxinias indeed, fine varieties, admirably grown and
bloomed.

Begonias, Tuberous-rooted. — The number of ad-
mirably-grown plants of high-class quality shown on
this occasion serves to illustrate how rapidly the
Begonia has taken hold of the popular taste as an
exhibition plant.

Orchids. — There was but one group of four plants,
and that came from Mr. Cypher, the specimens
small, but well bloomed ; they consisted of Sacco-
labium Blumei, Cypripedium Stonei, C. caudatum,
and Cattleya crispa.

Foliaged Plants. — Some very fine collections of
these were staged. Mr. J. Cypher was 1st with a
superb eight,, having a huge Latania borbonica,
Kentia Fosteriana, Cordyline indivisa, Crotons
Queen Victoria, angustifolius, and Sunset; Cycas cir-
cinalis, and C. revoluta. Mr. Lock was an excellent
2nd, having fine specimens of Cycas circinalis,
Latania borbonica, Thrinax elegans, Crotons Johan-
nis, Disraeli, and Williamsii, &c. Mr. Lock had the
best six, staging Kentia Belmoreana, Encephalartos
villosus, Alocasia Sanderiana, A. machroriza varie-
gata, and Crotons volutus and Queen Victoria.
2nd, Mr. E. Wills, with Cycas circinalis, C. revoluta,
Kentia Belmoreana, and Crotons Queen Victoria,
Johannis, and Disraeli.

Erotic Ferns. — Mr. J. Lloyd, gr. to W. V. Streckey,
Esq., Hill House, Langport, had the best eight,
good plants, but not calling for special remark.
Mr. Rowlands had the best six specimens, Mr. H.
Jones, Bath, being 2nd.

Selaginellas were large and well grown. Mr. E.
Wills had the best four specimens, Mr. F. W.
Newton coming 2nd. Single plants of exotic Ferns
and Lycopods were also shown.

Hardy Ferns. — These were very meritorious also.
The best eight came from Mr. F. W. Newton, a good
2nd collection being staged by Mr. E. Wills.

Cut Flowers : Boses. — Of these a remarkably good
display for so late in the season. The Oxford growers
generally show well in August, and on this occasion
Mr. J. Mattock, of the Headington Nursery, Oxford,
was 1st, with forty-eight blooms, having capital
examples of Duchess of Bedford, Madame N. Neruda,
Charles Lefebvre, A. K. Williams, Devienne Laing,
Marie Baumann, Marie Rady, Ulrich Brunner, Annie
Wood, Xavier Olibo, Harrison Weir, Horace Vernet,
Maurice Bernardin, Mrs. J. Laing, and the following
Tea-scented varieties : — Comtesse de Pare, Catherine
Mermet, Amazone, Francois Kruger, Comtesse de
Nadaillac, and Marie van Houtte ; Messrs. R. Mack
& Sons, Hebden Bridge, were 2nd. Mr. J. Mattock
also had the best twentv-four trebles. In the
amateurs' division, Dr. Budd had the best twenty-
four and twelve varieties ; Mr. Thomas Hobbs,
Lower Easton, Bristol, being 2nd in both classes.
Mr. H. Fowler had the best twelve Tea-scented
varieties — a very pretty stand.

Dahlias. — These were shown in good form. Mr.

J. Nation had the best twelve show varieties, staging
William Rawlings, Buttercup, Colonist, Imperial'
Henry Walton, Mrs. Gladstone, Artist, Mr. u'
Harris, and Mrs. Harris. In the amateurs' class.
Mr. T. Hobbs had a fine twelve, his leading blooms
being The Ameer, Mrs. W. Slack, H. W. Wood,
Mrs. Saunders, J. N. Keynes, Mrs. Mackenzie
Ovid, J. T. West, R. T. Rawlings, Reporter, and
King of Purples. The best twelve fancy Dahlias
came from Mr. J. R. Walters, Bath, who had good
blooms of Mr. Saville, A. F. Barron, Gaiety, Rev.
J. B. M. Camm, Professor Fawcett, Wizard, and
James Mcintosh. Single Dahlias were shown in
threes by Mr. A. R. Walters, Bath ; and others,
but they were badly staged.

Hollyhocks were shown, in twenty-fours and
twelves, better than they are often seen, the 1st prize
in both classes going to Mr. W. Smith, Bristol.

Phloxes were represented by fine spikes, Mr. C.
Lucas having the best twelve. German Asters were
clean, bright, and symmetrical ; a very good stand of
twenty-four was shown by Mr. W. J.Jones, Bath;
and he was also 1st with twelve blooms. French
Asters were scarcely at their best, though some
good blooms were shown. Mr. S. Gunter, Can-
nington, was 1st, with twenty-four, and also witk
twelve blooms. Gladioli, in stands of twenty-four
and six spikes, were a good feature ; Mr. H. Godding
was 1st, with the larger number, and Mr. J.
Marshall with the smaller. Verbenas were numerous,
but wanting in quality ; and Carnations and Picotees
passable for the late season of the year.

Bunches of cut flowers, and also of hardy varieties,
were good features ; Mr. J. Marshall was 1st in both
classes. Bunches of blooms of bedding Pelargo-
niums were a very fine feature ; Mr. C. Cooper, gr.
to C. L. Cottard, Esq., was 1st with twenty-four,
and 2nd with twelve.

Some special prizes were offered by Mr. R. H.
Poyuter for Somerset-raised Gladioli, Mr. J. Marshall
being 1st.

Table Decorations, Bouquets, ifc. — A large tent was
set apart for these, and the competition in the
various classes appeared to excite a great deal of
interest. The best arranged table with flowers and
fruit for ten persons came from Mr. Lock, and was
arranged with excellent taste. Mrs. M. Hooking,
who generally takes a good position in competitions
of this character being 2nd. The latter was placed
1 st with a single piece for the table ; but Mr.
Cypher, who was 2nd, should have had the 1st prize :
the award in this class was generally condemned.
A very handsome hand bouquet showed by Mr.
A. C. Dyer gained the 1st prize. Stands of wild flowers
were charming. The best came from Mrs. Meaking.
There were two or three classes for bouquets
of wild flowers, and some very good ones were
staged. The President offered special prizes for a
selection of hardy flowers and foliaged, arranged in
a sloping wooden tray : but the exhibits were far
below the level of the handsome prizes offered. In
the cottagers' department there were bouquets of wild
flowers, and arrangements in hedgerow Ferns that
formed a leading feature.

Fruit. — A great deal of fruit of high quality was
staged, and it made a great display. There were
three collections of ten dishes. Mr. W. Iggulden,
gr. to the Earl of Cork, Marston, Frome, was 1st,
with Black Hamburgh and White Muscat Grapes,
smooth Cayenne Pine, very fine Bellegarde Peaches,
Lord Napier Nectarine, Moor Park Apricot, Governor
Wood Cherry, Hero of Lockirige Melon, Brown
Turkey Figs, and Oullin's Golden Gage Plum. Mr,
R. Nicholson, gr. to Earl Fortescue, Castle Hill,
South Molton, was 2nd, having Black Hamburgh
and Foster's Seedling Grapes, Crawford's Early
Peach, Stanwick Elruge Nectarine, Apricots, Figs,
a dish of a fine looking late Cherry, named Castle
Hill Seedling, &c. Mr. Daffurn, gr. to J. Cox, Esq.,
had the best four dishes, staging Madresfield Court
Grapes, Elruge Nectarines, Noblesse Peach, and
Hero of Lockinge Melon. Pine-apples were repre-
sented by some good Smooth Cayennes. Mr. Nichol-
son was 1st.

Black Hamburgh Grapes were good, and the three
bunches with which Mr. Iggulden won the 1st prize
were finely finished. Other Black were Madresfield
Court, Mr. Daffurn being 1st. Some fairly good
White Muscats were staged ; Mr. E. J. Barnes, gr.
to F. C. Daniel, Esq., came in 1st.

The best three bunches any other white, were
Buckland Sweetwater from Mr. Withers, gr. to G.
F. Luttrell, Esq. ; Mr. Cooper being 2nd with
Foster's Seedling. Mr. Iggulden had the best dish
of Peaches, showing very fine Barrington ; Mr. W.
Daffurn being 2nd with Grosse Mignonne.

August 24. 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

225

Afriots were numerous and good, Moor Park
being principally shown. Mr. Daffurn was 1st with
• Nectarines, showing fine Elruge ; Mr. Iggulden being
2nd with Pine Apple. Dessert Pea-s were some-
what sparingly shown, the best fruits were Jargon-
elle, Beurre Giffard and Windsor; dessert Apples
by Quarrenden, yery finely coloured ; Beauty of
Bath, very good fruit indeed ; Red Astrachan, and
Irish' Peach ; light-coloured Plums by Oullin's
Green Gage, Nonsuch, July Green Gage, Dennis-
I toun's Superb Green Gage, and Jefferson's. Dark
Plums : Goliath, Kirke's Royal Dessert, and Rivers'
' Early. Culinarv Apples by Peasgood's Nonsuch,
■ Lord Suffield, Warner's King, all very fine. Cherries
' by well-preserved Morello6 ; white and red Currants
were largely shown, the latter in great variety of
, size and colour.

Vegetables were a remarkable feature. The best
ten dishes came from Mr. G. Garraway. Messrs.
; Sutton & Sons, Reading, offered prizes for six dishes,
I and were rewarded by a very keen competition ; Mr.
i Henry Moore being 1st. Messrs. Webb & Sons,
' Wordslev, Stourbridge, also offered special prizes
'■ for the same number, and here Mr. Garraway was
1st. Potatos were in very strong force, some very
handsome tubers being staged in dishes of twelve,
but the practice adopted by the judges in cutting
through one in each dish cannot be too strongly
deprecated. If it is essential to forming a correct
judgment that the tubers be cut, then all should
be cut. The result was, that high-class collec-
tions were shut out. If a judge has not sufficient
knowledge of Potatos to know when the type is
represented in good character, he should not
attempt to make good this knowledge by the
very questionable practice of cutting, or by pre-
judices against yellow flesh or a coloured skin.
Mr. W. Bryant was placed 1st, with six dishes.
The best white rounds appeared to be Abund-
ance and Schoolmaster. Coloured rounds: The
Dean, Reading Russett, and Vicar of Laleham.
White Kidney: Sutton's Seedling, Snowdrop, and
International. Coloured Kidneys : Snowdrop. Mr.
Bresee, and Edgcote Purple. In all the other classes
of vegetables there was an extensive display of finely
fi nished roots, &c.

Miscellaneous exhibits. — These included a large
collection of plants and cut flowers from Messrs. R.
T. Veitch & Son, nurserymen, Exeter ; Carnations
and Picotees, hardy flowers, inclusive of Roses,
Dahlias, &c, being well represented. Mr. E. J.
Jarman, nurseryman, Chard, had a collection of cut
Gladioli, Dahlias, Carnations, &c. Mr. W. Slade,
florist, Taunton, a collection of zonal Pelargoniums;
and Mr. W. H. Fowler, cut Dahlias, Begonias, &c.

MAIDENHEAD.

The eleventh annual exhibition of the above
i Society was held on Thursday, the 15th inst., in the
grounds of Ray Lodge, which, although rather small,
are still admirably adapted for such a purpose. The
schedule consisted of one hundred classes, and all
were well filled, the show itself being probably the
best the Society has yet held. Being favoured with
fine weather, it was well patronised, aud we hope
Isufficiently so to wipe off the debt incurred last
year.

Plants. — In class 1, for twelve handsome foliage
plants, Mr. T. Lockie, gr. to G. O. Fitzgerald, Esq.,
I Oakley Court, Windsor, secured the leading position,
with medium-sized plants, of which Dracicna Shep-
herdii, Kentia Fosteriana, and Asparagus plumosus
I nanus were the most noteworthy.

With six stove and greenhouse plants, half to be
in flower, Mr. Aitken, gr. to Major Meeking,
Riching's Park, Slough, was an easy 1st, with good
plants ; 2nd, Mr. Currey ; and for the same number
of Ferns the two previous exhibitors occupied
• similar positions, Mr. Aitkin having, among others,
' Gymnogramma Pearcei robusta, G. peruviana urgy-
rophylla, and Pteris scaberula, all very good.

With a single specmen plant in flower, Mr.
Aitkin was 1st, having a large well-bloomed
Eucharis amazonica ; and also for a foliage plant,
with a large and highly coloured Croton Queen Vic-
toria; Mr. Masson, Cookham, coming 2nd, with a
very fine Adiantum Farleyense.

Plants for dinner-table decoration were shown in
quantity, some admirable examples being staged by
Messrs. Aitken, Hughes, and Lockie.

Fuchsias, Tuberous Begonias, Coleus, and zonal
Pelargoniums, were staged by many exhibitors in the
Various classes, the principal prize winners being
Mr. Hopkins, gr. to J. W. Burrows, Esq., The Elms

Cookham, Mr. Lockie, Mr. Aitken, and Mr. Dead-
man, gr. to G. Higgins, Esq.

Groups.— For a group of plants arranged for effect
in a space 12 feet by 10 feet, Mr. Aitken maintained
his position, leading with a very pretty group, his
highly-coloured Crotons being very telling in a set-
ting of Maidenhair Ferns, interspersed with small
Gloxinias, &c. In the smaller groups, Mr. Hughes,
gr. to H. F. de Paravicini, Esq., Bracknell, was 1st,
also with a good arrangement.

Cut Flowers. — These were staged in large quanti-
ties, the competition in most instances being very
keen. Mr. Tranter, Henley-on-Thames, was 1st for
twelve Roses ; while Mr. J. Walker, Thame, Oxon,
occupied a similar position for Dahlias (Show and
Cactus), Asters, and Zinnias. Mr. Hiatt, florist,
Slough, was 1st for twelve bunches of hardy flowers.

Fruit. — For a collection of six dishes. — 1st, Mr.
Aitken, his best being a nice Queen Pine-apple, and
good Pine-apple Nectarines ; Air. Goodman, gr. to
C. Hammersley, Esq., Abney House, Bourne End,
was a close 2nd. Mr. Paxton, gr. to Hon. C. Irby,
Taplow, was 1st for four dishes; and for the same
number, outdoor grown; Mr. Goodman was 1st, with
highly coloured Advance Nectarine, Moor Park
Apricot, Rivers' Early Gage Plum, and Old Windsor
Pear.

The competition was extremely keen in the prin-
cipal Grape classes, the 1st prize winners being Mr.
Osman, gr. to L. G. Baker, Esq., Ottershaw Park,
Chertsey; Mr. Waite, gr. to W. P. Talbot, Esq.,
Glenhurst, Esher ; and Mr. Aitken.

Special Pri-es. — Messrs. Sutton & Sons offered a
series of prizes for six varieties of vegetables, adding
thereby considerably to the display. Mr. Beckett,
Cole Ash Farm, Penn, was 1st.

For the same number of dishes, the prizes given
by Messrs. Webb & Sons, Mr. Lockie was 1st ; Mr.
Beckett, 2nd.

In many other classes the competition was good,
and amateurs and cottagers contributed excellent
produce.

Not for competition. — Messrs. Sutton & Sons con-
tributed a large collection of cut flowers, chiefly of
annuals grown from their select seeds; also Gloxinias
in 4-inch pots, each bearing numerous flowers of
their well-known strain ; and a collection of Tomatos,
among which Reading Perfection was conspicuous.

Mr. C. Turner, Slough, sent a large and varied
collection of Roses and Dahlias ; Mr. R. Owen,
Maidenhead, single and double tuberous Begonias ;
and Mr. E. F. Such, a collection of hardy herbaceous
flowers.

NATIONAL CO-OPERATIVE
FESTIVAL.

The horticultural exhibition promoted by the
Agricultural and Horticultural Association (Limited),
and held in connection with the Second Great
National Co-operative Festival, took place at the
Crystal Palace on August 17, under the management
of Mr. Edward O. Greening. It was the fourth of a
series of flower shows promoted by the co-operative
societies, and it was in remarkable contrast to the
first, held in the Conservatory of the Royal Horti-
cultural Society's Gardens at South Kensington in
1886, for then the Conservatory was much more
than large enough to take the produce ; and though
there was a decided increase in 1887, yet the
dimensions of the building sufficed to take all that
was sent in competition. When the flower show
was associated with the National Co-operative
Festival in 1888, it assumed large dimensions, but
yet considerably exceeded by those of the exhi-
bition on Saturday last. Whereas, in 1886 two
judges sufficed to award the whole of the prizes, on
this occasion fourteen were required, and the work
was laborious in the extreme. Altogether some 350
exhibitors contributed just over 4000 entries ; and
in order to show the national character of the under-
taking, exhibitors came from Wales, Scotland, and
all parts of England, and one from Ireland. Four
rows of tables were placed along the two arms of the
nave, with lines of supplementary side-tables in one
of them. In the vegetable classes the entries were
very numerous, averaging seventy and eighty, and in
some cases, over a hundred. The work of judging
required great patience, close examination, and
adroit comparison ; but it appears to have been per-
formed with satisfaction to the exhibitors.

One highly encouraging feature was the remark-
able growth in the quality of the exhibits. This is
the result of improved culture. When the first show
was held it was said, with much truth, that the style
in which the exhibits were 6taged, and their general

quality, caused it to fall below the level of an ordi-
nary country cottagers' show. Since then a mar-
vellous improvement has taken place, and not a few
of the exhibits on Saturday last were of a high order
of merit. Such an exhibition not only will, but cer-
tainly does, give a great impetus to popular garden-
ing; the advantages flowing from this have been
acknowledged over and over again in these columns.
In looking over the various exhibits, the com-
parative poverty of the plants attracted attention.
There were many of them, but few really good. A
very fine specimen or two of Fuchsia, pots of Phlox
Drummondii, Asters, and Musk were decidedly the
best ; but it seemed as if the culture of flowers
and vegetables was much more highly esteemed than
that of plants. There were classes for forced fruit,
and these showed a marked improvement also in
quantity and quality ; but as gentlemen's gardeners
can compete in some of the classes, it is, perhaps,
only natural to look for this improvement. Hardy
fruit were represented by good Apples, Pears,
Gooseberries, Plums, Currants, &c, some of
specially high quality. Cut flowers were, in many
instances worthy of admiration ; bunches of hardy
annuals, and especially of pretty Sweet Peas, formed
a great attraction to visitors, and the rich orange
African Marigolds were excellent. But it was the
vegetables that so largely helped to make the show.
The advance in the matter of these seen during the
past four years is something remarkable. High-class
quality, fresh, clean, and neatly staged productions,
have taken the place of coarseness and slovenliness.
Potatos would have done justice to one of the his-
torical Crystal Palace shows. Carrots, Beans, Peas,
Parsnips, Onions, Turnips, &c, were largely up to
good exhibition form.

Cultural Memoranda.

MIGNONETTE.

August is the month in which to sow a large
batch for the winter and spring supply, the plants
having time to get well established before the dull
days arrive. Perhaps the best manner of growing
this plant indoors is as dwarf bushy plants, in 5 or
6-inch pots. These should be well drained, and
for this purpose old lime plaster is good material
to use, Mignonette being partial to limy matter.
A sprinkling of sifted lime-rubbish is also beneficial
in the compost, which should consist chiefly of good
turfy loam, with a moderate quantity of powdered
cow-dung, bone-dust, and soot, Jensen's fish guano
or Standen's, well incorporated with loam. Fill the
pots to within half an inch of the rim, at the same
time pressing the soil evenly and firmly. Then sow
the seeds thinly, and cover lightly with the finer
parts of the compost, water them gently, and stand
the pots in a cool frame, on a bottom of coal-ashes
or similar moisture-holding material ; and to prevent
drying, keep rather close and shady until the seedlings
come up, after which give air gradually until the sashes
may be taken off altogether, and before the young
plants get crowded thin out to an inch or so apart.
As Mignonette is a cool, moisture-loving plant, never
permit it to get dry. The sashes need not be drawn
over the plants unless during heavy rains, or when
there is danger from frost, and on no account should
they be subjected to a close, warm atmosphere.
If no better quarters are available they may be
wintered in the frame, with careful airing and cover-
ing at night, where, if the weather prove mild, they
will keep gently on the move through the winter
and come in serviceable as the days lengthened.
There are several good strains, but the large-flowered
red and white are generally preferred ; however, for
the sake of variety, Golden Queen, which is a neat
variety for pot-work, may be chosen. The double
white is propagated by cuttings. Those who prefer
single plants should sow a few seeds in small pots,
ultimately selecting the best plant in each, keeping
them steadily pinched and shifted on until the
desired size and shape are obtained.

The Giant Pyramidal red, or grandiflora, and
Miles' Spiral are good strains to use for standards
and single specimens. Slugs are sometimes trouble-
some in frames, but an occasional dusting of dry
lime and soot usually keeps them at bay. F. B.

226

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 24, 1889.

The Weather.

[By the term "accumulated temperature " is meant a figure
representing the aggregate amount, as well aa the dura-
tion, of the excess or defect of temperature above or below
42° Fahr. for the period named ; and this combined result
is explained in Day-degrees — a "Day-degree" signifying
1° continued for twenty-four hours, or any other number
of degrees for an inversely proportional number of hours.]

Temperature.

Rainfall.

Bright

Sun.

Accumulated.

a
3
3

OS
00

M?2

s
.d

3 o

go Jg 3
§ .3 9 S s a:

S B s ra « g

i «

>> •

-° Si

3 .

°53

o-iS

» s^?i tt a *

j=— a.—

±1

a)"
o

.1 c
O

u o
* o

1.2

° 8

a a
a> o
° t5

Day-

lOths

In.

deg.

Inch.

i —

+ 204

+ i

4 +

154

23.6

Oav.

+ 53

+ 5

5 +

125

17.2

Oav.

112

+ 42

+ 7

5 +

114

15.6

1 —

125

+ 13

+ 112

1 —

120

16.5

2 —

119

+ 7

+ 60

Oar.

112

19.1

1 —

127

+ 51

+ 75

1 +

117

15.5

Oav.

103

+ 86— 23

13 +

129

25.5

1 —

113

+ 69- 1

7 +

119

19.1

116

— 23+ 88

0 av.

119

21.3

1 —

105

+ 36— 53

16 +

144

23.8

1 —

115

+ 8- 14

31 +

131

23.6

1 —

1.30

+ 94- 16

1 —

125

16.3

The districts indicated by number in the first column are
the following : —

Principal Wheat-producing Districts — 1, Scotland, N. ;

2, Scotland, E. ; 3, England, N.E. ; 4, England, E. ;

5, Midland Counties; 6, England, S.
Principal Grazing, Sfc, Districts — 7,

England, N.W. ; 9, England. S.W. ;

11, Ireland, S. ; 12, Channel Islands.

Scotland, W. ; 8
10, Ireland, N.

THE PAST WEEK.

. The following summary record of the weather for
the week ending August 19, is furnished from the
Meteorological Office : —

"The Weather has been generally fair over southern'
central, and eastern England, but very unsettled and
rainy in all other parts of the kingdom. Towards
the close of the week the rainfall over our western
districts was extremely heavy.

" The temperature has just equalled the mean in the
East and West of Scotland and the north-east of
England, but in all other districts a deficit of 1° or
2° is shown. The highest of the maxima, which
were recorded on the 16th over England, and on
irregular dates over Ireland and Scotland, ranged
from 75° in ' England, S.,' and ' Ireland, S.,' to 66°
in ' Scotland, W.' The lowest of the minima were
registered at very irregular times, and ranged from
38° in ' Scotland, E.,' to 49° in ' England, N.W.,' and
52° in the ' Channel Islands.'

" The Rainfall has been rather less than the mean
in 'England, E.,' and the 'Channel Islands, and
about equal to it in the ' Midland Counties' and
' England, S.W. ; ' elsewhere, however, an excess is
shown. In ' Scotland, W.,' and over Ireland, the fall
has been unusually heavy.

" Bright sunshine has been very deficient gene-
rally, the percentage of the possible amount of
duration having ranged from 13 in ' Scotland, N.,' 17
in ' England, N.W.,' and 18° in ' Ireland, N.,' to 30
in ' England, E.,' the ' Midland Counties,' and ' Eng-
land, S.'"

©iHtuara?.

GEORGE D. VALLANCE. — We regret to an-
nounce the sudden death, from heart disease, on
August 17, of Mr. George D. Vallance, for so many
years the intelligent and esteemed Head Gardener
at Tresco Abbey, Scilly Isles. He had only just
retired from that responsible position, and was on
his way to Yatton, where he was about to take up
his residence. Mr. Vallance left Tresco on Friday
morning, and reached the residence of his son, Mr.
George F. Vallance, Longbrook Street, Exeter,

on Friday evening. Mr. Vallance had been gar-
dener to Mr. Dorrien-Smith for nearly fourteen
years. He began his gardening career at Stack-
poole Court, Pembrokeshire, afterwards undergoing
a period of nursery gardening at Messrs. Mayo
& Garaway's nurseries, Bristol. Previous to his
going to Tresco, he was gardener to the late
Sir William Medlycott, of Ven Hall, Milborne
Port, near Sherborne, for thirteen years ; and,
antecedent to that service, was seventeen years
Head Gardener at Farleigh Castle, Somersetshire.
He was an enthusiast in his profession, and a
true lover of the beautiful gardens at Tresco,
as all visitors and residents who were brought in
contact with him can testify. 'Mr. Dorrien-Smith,
too, held him in high esteem, and it was only on
account of Mr. Vallance's failing health that he had
resigned his position at Tresco in that gentleman's
service. It was under Mr. Vallance's superin-
tendence and management that the extensive cul-
tivation of Narcissus and other spring-flowering
bulbs has been developed in the Scilly Islands.
Mr. Vallance was sixty-six, and had married twice.

Fruit.— Average Wholesale Prioes.

Markets.

■ •

CO VENT GARDEN, August 22.

No improvement in business ; prices generally
showing a downward tendency. Ja?nes Webber, Whole-
sale Apple Market.

Plants in Pots.— Average Wholesale Prices.

Aralia Sieboldi. doz. 6
Asters, per dozen ... 3
Balsams, doz. ... 2

Begonias, dozen ... 4
Calceolarias, dozen 4
Cockscombs, doz. ... 3
Cyperus, per dozen . 4
Dracaena terminalis,

per dozen 30

— viridis, per doz. 12
Euonymus, in var.,

per dozen 8

Evergreens, in var.,

per dozen 6

Ferns, in var., doz. 4
Foliage plants, vari-
ous, each 2

Ficus elastica, each . 1

d. s. d.
0-18 0
0-6 0
0-5 0
0-12 0
0-9 0
0-6 0
0-12 0

0-60 0
0-24 0

0-24 0
0-18 0

0-10 0
6- 7 0

Fuchsias, dozen ... 3
Hydrangea, per doz. 9
L ilium lane i folium

per dozen

— auratum, doz
Lobelias, dozen
Marguerites, doz.
Mignonette, doz.
Musk, dozen
Nasturtiums, doz.
Palms in var., each 2
Pelargoniums, per

dozen 6

— Ivy-Leafed, doz. 3

— scarlet, doz. ... 2
Rhodanthe, per doz. 4
Solanums, per dozen 6

d.s.d,
0-8 0
0-18 0

0-24 0
0-30 0
0-5 0
0-12 0
0-6 0
0-4 0
0- 5 0
6-21 0

0-12 0

0-4 0
0-4 0
0-6 0
0-12 0

Cut Flowers.— Average Wholesale Prices.

Abutilons, 12 bun. ...
Asters, Fr.. per bun.

— English, per bun.
Bouvardias, per bun.
Carnations, 12 bun.

— 12 blooms
Chrysanth.. 12 blms.
Coreopsis, 12 bun.
Cornflowers, 12 bun.
Dahlias, 12 bun. ...
Eucharis, per dozen
Gaillardias, 12 ban.
Gardenias, 12 blooms
Gladioli, 12 bun. ...

— 12 sprays
Heliotropes, 12 apr.
Lavender, 12 bun. ...
Lilium, various, 12

blooms

Maiden Hair Fern,
12 bun

s.d.s. d.

2 0-40
0 9-16
0 4-06
0 6-09

3 0-60
10-30
0 6-30
10-30
10-30
3 0-60
2 0-40
2 0-40

2 0-40
6 0-12 0
10-16
0 6-10

3 6-60

10-50

4 0-90

Marguerites, 12 bun.
Mignonette. 12 bun.
Pansies, 12 buu.
Pelargoniums, 12 spr.

— scarlet, 12 spr....
Pinks (var.), 12 bun.
Primulas, double, 12

sprays

Rhodanthe, 12 bun.
Roses, Tea, per doz.

— coloured, dozen.

— red, per dozen ...

— Safrano, dozen...
Stephanotis, 12 spr.
Stock, 12 bunches ...
Sunflowers, various,

per 12 bun.
Sweet Sultan, 12 bun.
Sweet Peas, 12 bun.
Tuberoses, 12 blms....

s. d. s. d.

3 0-60
10-40
10-20
0 6-10
0 3-06
2 0-40

0 9-10

4 0-60
0 6-16
2 0-40
0 4-10
0 6-10

2 0-40

3 0-60

3 0-40
2 0-40
0 4-10

Orchid bloom in variety, fairly good supply.
Vegetables.— A veragk Retail Prices.

s. d. s. d.
0 6- ...
10-20
0 6- ...
0 3- ...
16-20
0 6-09
2 0- ...
0 4- ...
0 4- ...

0 3- ...

1 6- ...

Mushrooms, punnet
Mustard and Cress,

punnet

Onions, per bunch ...
Parsley, per bunch...
Peas, per quart
Shallots, per lb.
Spinach, per bushel...
Tomatos, per lb. ... u
Turnips, per bunch,

new 0

. d. s. d.
I 0- ...

4- ...

5- ...

4- ...

3- ...

6- ...
6- ...

9- ...

5- ...

Potatos. — Trade cannot be considered brisk, although no fall-
ing off in demand is apparent; a greater difficulty is expe-
rienced in obtaining really good samples, and prices
remaining about the same as last week. /. B. Thomas.

Apples, £-sieve
Filberts, per lb. .
Grapes, per lb.
Lemons, per case ,

s.d.

5 6

10-

1 0

2 6

0-21 0

_ , >■ d. i. d.

Peaches, per doz. ... 2 0-80
Pine-apples, EDg.. lb. 16-30
— St. Michael, each 2 0-60
Plums, £-sieve ... 2 6-50

SEEDS.

London: Aug. 21. — Messrs. John Shaw ,& Sous,
seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane, E.C., report a
fair trade doing in those articles wanted for present
sowing. There is, however, no change to report in
values. Trifolium continues in favour, at the ad-
vance previously noted. There is more business
passing in Rape seed. Mustard still sells freely.
Some parcels of Trefoil are now changing hands.
There is a good inquiry for Winter Tares. Rye,
being so remarkably low in price, tempts buyers.
Fine new Blue Peas are sought after. Bird seeds
continue in the same condition as reported in our last.

CORN.

Averages, — Official statement showing the average
price of British corn, imperial measure, in the
week ended August 17 : — Wheat, 30s. 9d. ; Barley,
19s. bd, ; Oats, 19s. 5d. For the corresponding
week in 1888 :— Wheat, 35s. 9d. ; Barley, 18s. 8d. ;
Oats, 18s.

FRTJITS AND VEGETABLES. ,

Spitalfields : Aug. 21. — Egg Plums, 2s. Qd. to
3s. per half-sieve ; Victoria Plums, 2s. dd. to 3s. 6d.
do.; Orleans Plums, 5s. to 6s. du. ; Green Gages,
3s. to 4s. do. ; do., 2s. 6d.\to 3s. 3d. per flat ; English
Apples, 3s. to 7s. per bushel ; Pears, 2s. 3d. to 3s.
per half-sieve ; English Tomatos, 4s. to 5s. per
12 lb. ; foreign Tomatos, Qd. to 1W. per box ; Cab-
bages, 2s. to 3s. per tally ; Seakale, Is. to Is. dd.
per punnet; Cauliflowers, Is. to 2s. 6i. per dozen;
French Beans, Is. to Is. (id. per bushel; Scarlet
Beans, 9d. to Is. 3d. do. ; Peas, Is. to Is. 9d. do. j
do., 3s. to 4s. per sack ; Vegetable Marrows, 2s. to
3s. per tally; 'Turnips, 2s. to 2s. Gd. per dozen
bunches ; Onions, 2s. to 2s. Gd. do. ; Carrots, Is. Gd.
to 2s. do. ; Parsley, Is. to Is. Gd. do. ; Mint, Is. to
2s. do. ; Beetroots, 2s. to 2s. Gd. do. ; Endive, Is. ta
Is. Gd. per dozen ; Cos Lettuce, 4d. to 8d. per
score ; Mustard and Cress, Is. to Is. Gd. per dozen
baskets ; Leeks, Is. Gd. to 2s. per dozen ; frame
Cucumbers, Is. Gd. to 2s. Gd. per dozen ; field do., 4d.
to Gd. do.; Spanish Onions, 6s. to 7s. per case;
English Onions, 4s. to 4s. Gd. per cwt. ; Dutch
Onions, 3s. to 4s. per bag ; Belgian Onions, 3s. to
4s. do. ; Radishes, 2s. to 3s. per tally.

Stratfoed : Aug. 20. — A brisk trade was done at
the undermentioned quotations : — Cabbages, 2s. to
3s. per tally ; Mangels, 20s. to 22s. per ton ; Onions,
Oportos, 7s. to 7s. Gd. per case ; Apples, English,
2s. to 6s. per bushel; Watercress, Gd. per dozen;
Plums, 6s. to 8s. per flat ; do., 3s. Gd. to 4s. Gd. per
half-sieve ; Pears, 3s. to 5s. per bushel ; Marrows, 2s.
to 3s. per tally ; Beans, Is. 3d. to Is. 9d. per bushel.

POTATOS.

Bobough and Spitalfields : Aug. 20. — Witli in-
creased supplies, prices are in favour of buyers.
Early Rose, 55s. to 65s. ; Regents, 60s. to 80s. ;
Myatt's, 60s. to 80s. ; Hebrons,. 60s. to 80s. ; Mag-
nums, 60s. to 80s. per ton.

Spitalfields: Aug. 21. — Quotations: — Magnums,
50s. to 60s. ; Myatt's kidneys, 45s. to 50s. ; Regents,
60s. to 70s. ; Imperators, 60s. to 70s.; Hebrons, 60s.
to 65s. ; Early Rose, 45s. to 55s.- per ton.

Stratford : Aug. 20. — Quotations : — Hebrons, 60s.
to 70s. ; Regents, 60s. to 80s. ; Magnums, 60s. to
70s. ; Early Rose, 55s. to 60s. per ton.

HAY.

Averages. — The following are the averages of the
prices obtained at the various metropolitan markets
during the present week : — Prime 1887 Clover, 120s.
to 140s. ; new, 80s. to 110s. ; inferior, 40s. to 75s. ;
best old hay, 80s. to 100s. ; inferior, 30s. to 50s. ;
straw, 20s. to 40s. per load.

. Enquiries.

Peaches. — Will any reader be kind enough to
give " Enquirer " his experience of the Alexandra
and Alexandra i^objesae Peaches ; if they are gene- •■

August 24, 1889.]

THE GAR DENE BS' CHRONICLE.

227

rally ehy bearers in a Peach-house not forced
Very early ? Also, if Early Rivers Peach often bears
satisfactorily out-of-doors; aiid which has the better
quality, Alexandra noblesse, or the old NoblesBe ;
and lastly, which are the best three, and best six
sorts, for a Peach-house not forced very early ?

Notices to Correspondents.

f Intelligent Readers, do please Note that letters
relating to Advertisements, or to the supply of
the Paper, should be addressed to the Publisher,
and not to the Editor. All communications
intended for publication, as well as specimens and
plants for naming, should be addressed to the
Editor. Such communications should be written
on one side only of the paper, and sent as early in
the week as possible. Correspondents sending
newspapers should be careful to mark the para-
graphs they wish the Editor to see.

A Climbing Plant from America : Quid. The
Grape Tomato.

Campanula and Sweet William : G. S. Nothing
very unusual in either.

Cinerarias : Constant Reader. Send specimens of
diseased plants for our inspection, together with
details of culture pursued.

Names of Fruit : F. B. S. Early Grosse Mignonne.
— J. B. If the flowers are large, your Peach is most
probably Giosse Mignonne; if small, Bellegarde.

Names of Plants : IV. P. J. must think an editor's
'duties are light. He sends thirty specimens of
wild plants which a reference to any English Flora
would enable him to name. Moreover, in most
cases the labels were sodden, so that the numbers
are illegible, and many were detached. Is this fair ?
We cannot undertake to name more than six
another time, but as we are willing to oblige, we
name all to which the numbers are still attached:
— 1, Melampyrum pratense; 3, Erythrea cen-
taurium ; 4, Parnassia palustris ; 5, 6, 7, and 29,
all Pedicularis palustris ; 9, Salix repens ; 10,
Euphrasia officinalis; 12, Potentilla reptans; 13,
Pyrola rotundifolia ; 17, Lotus corniculatus ; 18,
Anagallis tenella ; 23, Senecio Jacobea ; 24, Oeno-
thera biennis ; 27, Inula dysenterica; 28, Lythrum
Salicaria ; 30, Achillea Millefolium. — W. T.

1, Crepis biennis ; 2, Conopodium flexuo-
sum ; 3, Torilis anthriscus; 4, iEthusa cyna-
pium ; 5, Mercurialis annua ; 6, Spiranthes
autumnalis ; 7, Chenopodium album. — F. G. H.
Chrysanthemums : 1, C. serotinum ; 2, C.
lacustre. — Lymington. Myrica Gale (Sweet
Gall). — Bed Hill. Asparagus escaped from some
garden — Erythrtea Centaurium. — E. J). L. — 1,
Fraxinus europsea var. monophylla: one leaflet
only produced ; 2, Rhamnus hybridus ; 3, Jasmi-
num officinale ; 4, Osmunda cinnamomea ; 5 and
6, Aspidium angulare ; the particular varieties
we cannot name ; 7, Salvia not recognised ;

8, Duranta Baumgartii. — J. M. 1, Veronica
longifolia ; 3, Nepeta violacea ; 4, Stachys
lanata ; 5, Gnaphalium ; 8. Spirsea aruncus ;

9, Spmea Fortunei ; 10, Elieagnus japonicus.
Some of the numbers were detached ; among
the plants unnumbered we find Polygonum
affine. — T. K. No. 1, Viburnum macrocephalum. —
C. P. Miltonia spectabilis, nearest to the variety
bicolor. — A. Z. Ailanthus glandulosa. — T. 8f P.
Eleagnus longpes. — H. M. 1, Cimicifuga race-
mosa ; 2, Veronica longifolia ; 3, Polygonum
orientale. — J. L. Ailanthus glandulosa. — Name
lost : blue cardboard-box — 1, Amaryllis reticulata ;

2, Selaginella Wildenovii ; 3, S. Braunii ; 4, Adian-
tum assimile ; 5, marked 6, also A. Paccotii ; 6,
A. excisum multifidum (the crested one) ; 7,
Onychium japonicum.

Orchid Seeds; B. There is uo other trustworthy
test of their germinating than to sow them. Much
of what is apparently sound seed will not grow.

Potato Disease ; Sir S. C. Try syringing with a
mixture compounded as follows: — Sulphate of
copper, 4 lb.; quicklime, and sublimed sulphur, of
each, 3 lb. ; water, 22 gallons. Mix thoroughly,
and apply with a syringe or Strawsoniser. — Kindly
let us know the result.

Show Entries : G. H. Where the number of
varieties to be shown is distinctly stated, as in the
schedule sent for our perusal, and there is no

qualification, " as not fewer than," then it must
surely be meant that six varieties, neither more
nor fewer, must be shown to qualify the exhibit for
an award.

Strawberries : An Amateur. The best way is to
plant in lines from U to 2 feet apart, and 1^
foot to IV foot from plant to plant in the rows,
according as the variety planted is a large or small
grower. We do not see that there is any advan-
tage in planting in groups of three.

Tomatos : J. Wright. Nice-looking fruits ; midway,
apparently, betwixt the Old Red and Perfection.
Flavour was good. — L' Allegro. There are plenty
of Tomatos similar in shape, size, and colour; for
example, the Yellow Plum-shaped.

Vine Leaves : F. G. H. The leaves are rather thin,
and of small size, and show signs of insufficient
ventilation. They are, in fact, just such leaves as
would readily get scalded or scorched by a sudden
burst of hot sunshine. This mishap will frequently
occur under the best management if the roof is a
very wide one, and the training wires are less than
1 foot 6 inches from the glass. There is little or
no movement of the air in very broad roofs near
the middle. When leaves are gently moved by the
air, scorching rarely happens.

Vines and Manure : H. B. P. The old Mushroom
bed materials will answer very well as a mulch
to prevent the soil drying, but it will hinder the
sun warming the soil if laid on more than an inch
thick ; and if it save watering when thickly laid
on it is nevertheless harmful for the above reason.
In the Vine-growing countries no cultivator would
think of covering up the ground. A crumbly
surface is all that is required, unless the soil is
unduly light. Diluted stable or farmyard drainage-
water or Thomson's Vine Manure are good for
Vines when feeding becomes necessary. As a
mulch horse-dung is less injurious to the soil, and
better in its effects on the Vines than cow dung.

CATALOGUES RECEIVED.

W. Drummond & Sons, Stirling, N.B. — Bulbs and

Flower Roots.
Harrison & Sons, Leicester— Flowering Bulbs and

Roots.
B. S. Williams, Victoria and Paradise Nurseries,

Upper Holloway, London, N. — Bulbs, Fruit

Trees, Roses, &c.
J. Caster & Co., 237 and 238, High Holborn, Lon-
don, W.C.— Bulbs.
Dicksons (Limited), Chester — Dutch and Other

Bulbs, &c.
J. M. Krannich, Mellenbach i Thiir, Germany —

Tree Labels.
Sutton & Sons, Reading — Bulbs.
Louis de Smet, Ghent— Supplement to General List

of Plants.
J. Peed & Sons, Tulse Hill, S.W.— Bulbous Plants.
F. C. Heinemann, Erfurt, Prussia — Decorative

Plants, Bulbs, and New Varieties of Cereals.
E. P. Dixon & Sons, Hull — Flower Roots, Spring

Flowering Plants, Strawberries, Vines, &c.
R. Neal, Garrat Lane, and Wandsworth Common,

S.W.— Bulbs, Vegetables, and Flower Seeds, &c.
Dobbie & Mason, 6t>, Deansgate, and 22, Oak Street,

Manchester — Bulbs and Flower Roots.
Austin & McAslan, 88, Mitchell Street, Glasgow —

Flower Roots, Plants, &c.
W. Shand, Lancaster — Bulbous Plants, &c.
W. Paul & Sons, Waltham Cross, Herts — Dutch

Bulbs and Winter Flowers.
R. Cleaver, 47, Bore Street, Lichfield — Dutch

Bulbs and Bulbous Plants, Manures, &c.
W. Fell & Co., Hexham — Dutch Bulbs, Narcissus,

Herbaceous and Alpine Plants.
Messes. Webb & Sons, Wordsley, Stourbridge —

Bulbs.

Communications Received.— J. H.. Trinidad.— E. S.. New
Zealand.— C. S.. Boston. U.S.— W. S.— P. L. S.. Paris. —
L. B., Paris.— W. E. G.— J. W.— J. W., St. Andrew's (many
thanks for photo).— W. R.— W. T. T.— C. A., Ope Town
(maoy thanks for photo).— J. C. Didcot (many thanks for
photo). — W. W.— N. C. C. (photo received with thanks). —
H. R., Plymouth (the injury seems to have been done hy a
sawfly).— R. B. St. Co.— Hortus.— N. E. Brown.— B.—W. B.
— W. B. T — C. B. S.— T. O.— W. H. D.— F. G.— Irwin
Lynch.— W. C.-G. H.— M. T.— W. E.-J. A.— A. G. F.—
J. S.— H. G. G. and H. P. next week,
gjj* Correspondents sending plants or fruits to be named, or

asking questions demanding time a/id research Jor their solution,

must not expect in all cases to obtain an answer to their en*

quiries in the current week.

BONES !— BONES ! !— BONES ! ! !

Crushed Bones in all sizes for Vine Borders, Lawns, Potting,
Grass Lands, &c. Also BONE MEAL for Poultry Feeding,
GARDEN GUANO, DISSOLVED BONES, Special MANURES
and FERTILIZERS for all purposes.

For Prices, apply to

HARRISON, BARBER & CO. (Limited).

GARRETT LaNE. WANDSWORTH. SURREY. S.W.

GARDEN
REQUISITES.

Two Pkize Medals.

Quality, THE BEST in the Market. (All sacks included.)

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process),
sacks, ls.4d. each; 10 sacks, 12s. 6<Z.; 15sacks, ljs.Gd,, 20sacks,
20s. ; 25 sacks, 24.s. ; 30 sacks, 27s. ; 40 sacks, 35s. ; 50 sacks,
40s. ; Truck-load, loose, free on rail, 30s. Limited quantities
of G., special luality, granulated in sacks only, 2s. &d. each.

GENUINE ORCHID PEAT, 8s. 6d. per sack ; 5 sacks, 40s. ;
BEST BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. per sack ; 5 for 22s. Gd.
BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 4s. 6d. per sack ; 5 for 20s.
COARSE SILVER SAND, Is. <6d. per bushel ; 14s. half ton ;
24j?. per ton. Yellow Fibrous Loam, Compost, Leaf and Peat
Mould, Is. per bushel. Tobacco Cloih or Paper, Is. per lb.
Special Manures, Peat-Moss Litter, Crushed Bones, Virgin
Cork, Sec, &.c. Write for Price List.

Terms strictly Cash with order.
CHUBB, ROUND & CO., West Ferry Road, Millwall,

London, E. Bankers — Union Bank of London.

g ENTLE Y'S

Insecticide.

Mr. J. H. Rose, Lockingc Park, writes : —
"Bentley's Insecticide is the most effective and cheapest I
have ever used." For fuU particulars apply to

JOSEPH BENTLEY,

CHEMICAL WORKS. BARROW-ON-HUMBER. HULL.
London Agent: Mr. A. ROBINSON, 8. Leadenhall Street, E.C.

BEESON'S MANURE.— The Best and
Cheapest Fertiliser for all purposes. Write for Circular
containing the Leading Gardeners' and Market Growers*
Reports. Sold in Tins, Is., 2s <od., 5s. 6d., and 10s. 6rf. each,
or 1 cwt. Bags, sealed, 13s. By all Seedsmen, or apply direct to
W. H. BEESON, Carbrook Bone Mills, Sheffield.

GARDEN REQUISITES.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE.

id. per bushel ; 100 for 25s. ; truck (loose, about 2 tons).
405. : 4-bushel bags, id. each.

LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. «d. per sack; 5 sacks,
25s. ; sacks, id. each.

BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. per sack, 5 sacks, 22s. ; sacks,
id. each.

COARSE SILVER SAND, Is. »d. per bushel ; 15s. per half
ton ; 26s. per ton, in 2-bushel bags, id. each.

YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD, Is. per bushel.

SPHAGNUM MOSS, 8s. 6d. per sack.

MANURES. GARDEN STICKS, VIRGIN CORK, TOBACCO
CLOTH. RUSSIA MATS, &c. Write for Price LIST.—
H. G. SMYTH, F.R.H.S., 21, Goldsmith's Street, Drury
Lane (lately called 17a, Coal Yard). W.C.

GENUINE GARDEN REQUISITES,
as supplied to Royal Gardens. &c.
SPECIALITE TOBACCO PAPER, the best and strongest in
the market, lOd. per lb.. 281bs. for 21s.
SELECT ORCHID PEAT. 8s. per sack. 5 for 355.
SOILS and MANURES of finest quality, and GENERAL
SUNDRIES. Price list free.

W. HERBERT and Co., Hop Exchange Warehouses, South-
wark Street, London, S.E.

GARDENERS, &c, requiring PEAT, SAND,
LOAM, POTTING COMPOST, GARDEN NETTING.
RAFFIA MATS, &c, &c, in large or small quantities, will
save 25 per cent, bv seuding for our Price List post-free.
BRINKWORTd AND SONS, Reading.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE.- Newly
made, the same as supplied to the Royal Horticultural
Society. Truck-load of 2 tons, £1 ; free on to Rail, L. B. S. C.
and S. E.. £1 5s. ; in Bags, 20, 15s. ; 40, £1 Sjj. Cash with order.
J. STEVENS AND CO., 153. High Street, Battersea, S.W.

BOILER, " Gold Medal," Second-hand, Heating
Capability, 4000 feet 4-inch Pipes, £8.
CHARLES, Nurseries, Harlesden, N.W.

YOUNG WOMEN who WANT TO BE
INDEPENDENT, and make their own way in the world,
should write for a Prospectus of the SCIENTIFIC DRESS
CUTTING ASSOCIATION, 273, Regent Street, London, W.
Situations for all Pupils at good salaries.

CARSON'S PAINT

Patronised by 16.000 of the Nobility, Gentry,
and Clergy, for all kinds of

OUTDOOR WORK, CONSERVATORIES,

Greenhouses, Frames, Akc.
1 Cwt., and Oil Mixture, Freo to all Stations.

Liquid Non-Poisonous Paints for Inside of Conservatories, &c.
Prices, Patterns, and Testimonials, Post-free.

LA BBLLB 8AUVAGB YARD, LUDQATB HILL. E.C.
BACHELOR'S WALK, DUBLIN.— Discount for Cash.

228

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 24, 1889.

NOTICE TO THE TRADE.

For Bulb and Autumn Catalogues.

These Six Popular Articles are sure to he in great demand
this autumn. AH are sent carriage paid.

1.— BEALE'S "NEW PLANT COLLAR." Electros gratis,
ami terms most liberal in the trade.

2.— BcALE'S "FERTILIZING MOSS," for Bulbs, &c. The
only reliable quality. K. Beale is the original manu-
facturer ami introducer of this specialty. Now exceed-
ingly popular.

3.-BEALE*S -LIQUID MANURE POWDER." A greatly
improved quality, and luu per cent, soluble. Very
popular amongst Chrysanthemum growers.

4.-BEALE*S "NEW FUMIGAT.NG MATERIAL." Made
from real Tobacco Leaf (under permit from H.M.
Iuland Revenue), More effective, and goes twice as far
as ordinary paper, cloth, or rope. This is a genuine
article, and needs but a trial to establish a reputation.

5.-BEALE*S "GENUINE TOBACCO JUICE," with extract
of Quassia Wood. For dipping and syringing this
Juice is most effectual. Certain death to Black Fly on
Chrysanthemums.

6. -BEALE'S " WEED NEGATIVE " " 50 yards of Weeds
destroyed at a cost of Is." This fluid is safer than the
carbolic and sulphuric fluids, and much more effective.
Wholesale List and Terms on. enquiry.
R. BEALE & CO., Sole Manufacturers, The North London

Horticultural Stores, New Southgate, London, N.

THE

"PERFECT"

WEED KILLER

Maintains its Superiority over all Rivals

for permanently destroying vegetation on Walks, Carriage
Drives, Ash Tennis Courts, Stonework grown green, <fcc.
Used at Kew Gardens. Royal Horticultural Gardens, <£c, <tc,

COMPLETE SATISFACTION GUARANTEED

to all using Weed Killer bearing our Trade Mark,
without which none is genuine. Refute Imitations.

Price— Gallon 2/, 5 gal. 1/9, 10 gal. 1/6, 40 gal. 1/4 per gaL

SPECIAL QUOTATIONS FOR QUANTITIES.

Carriage paid 5 gals, and upwards. Trial sample pos' free.

DISTRIBUTOR for
" Per feet' ' Weed Killer.

•4MMHMmA0Wli

Sole MAHtJS'ACTUiiBRS

Holds 40 gallons. Wrought- Iron,
frame-work neatly painted. Gal-
vanized tubes with tap to regulate
flow. Gives spray 36 ins. wide.
Trice £4 net on rail Glasgow.
The

HORTICULTURAL & AGRICULTURAL CHFMICAL COY'

Principal Agents: BLACKLEY, YOUNG & CO.,
103 HOLM STREET, GLASGOW.

SOLD BY SEEDSMEN AND FLORISTS.

CLIBRAN'S EUCHARIS MITE KILLER.

prices: — i pint. Is. 6tf. ; 1 pint, 2s. tid. ; 1 quart, 4s. 6d. ;
* gallon, 7s. 6<i.; 1 gallon, 12s. 6rf.

Ask your seedsman for it, or apply to
WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldneld Nursery, Altrincham;
10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.

THE

Normal Fertiliser

Price :—

For GREENHOUSE or GARDEN.
7 lb. 14 lb. 28 lb. 56 lb. 1 cwt.
2s. 3s. 6d. 5s. 6d. 9s. 14s.

And in •'"/. and Is. packets.
To be had of Seedsmen and Florists, or the NORMAL
MANURE COMPANY, Ltd., 121, Bisbopsgate Street Within,
E.C., and Farnham Road, Guildford. Usual Trade Discounts.
Wholesaleof Messrs. HURSTANDSON,152,Houndsditch, London

PEAT FOR ORCHIDS,

CHOICE PLANTS, FERNS, HEATHS, AZALEAS, &c.
EPPS & CO. are now prepared to offer PEAT, as above,
of first-class quality, at lowest prices. Prices on application.
Dep8t for HORTICULTURAL SUNDRIES. LOAM, SAND,
LEAF-MOULD, SPHAGNUM, COCOA-FIBRE REFUSE,
CHARCOAL, and ARTIFICIAL MANURES.

PEAT MOSS LITTER.
EPPS & CO., Ringwood, Hants.

GISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading
Gardeners since 1859 against Red Spider, Mildew,
Thrips, Green Fly, and other Blight. 1 to 2 ounces to the
gallon of soft-water ; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines
and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake against
American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended
to supersede it. Boxes, Is.. 3s.. and 10s. 6d.

GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on
wet ground. Boxes, 6d. and Is., from the Trade.
Wholesale from, PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY
(Limited), London.

To Nurserymen, Seed Merchants, and Florists.

JBLACKHUIIN and SONS are offering Arch-
■ angel Mats lowerthan any other house in the trade: also
Petersburg Mats, and Mat Bags, Raffia fibre. Tobacco Paper,
and Shading. Prices free. — 4 and 5. Wormwood Street, E.C.

CIX CABINET PORTRAITS, 3*.; three for 2*.

O Twelve Carte Portraits, 2s. id ; six for Is. 4d. light-
inch Enlargement, 3s.; three for 6s. Send Carte or Cabinet
and Postal Order, and you will promptly receive Highly-
finished Copies, with Original.

FRANCIS and CO., 29, Ludgate Hill, London, E.C.

' Telescopic Ladders-
Telescopic Steps.
"^^~> Telescopic Trestles.

Convertible Ladder Steps.
tJi? Universal Step Ladders-
Turnover Step Ladders.
Folding Pole Ladders.
~y*^ Lattice Steps, very light-
Umpire's Step Chairs.

Great variety of designs
and sizes. S zes 5ft. to 60ft.
Order direct, carriage paid.
Price Lists free.

HEATHMAN & CO.,

2, EN DELL STREET ; and
11. HIGH STREET.

LONDON, W.C.

SAVE YOUR FIRE

and keep a fixed temperature under glass, by using
" FRIGI DOMO," made of prepared hair and
wool : a perfect non-conductor of cold.

PROTECT your PLANTS

FRIGI DOMO

REGISTERED

TRADE MAR

•d

For price list & particulars Address-

RENJAMINPDGINGTON

13 2 Duke ST JU London £k/dg£

HILL

BLACK

& SMITH'S

VARNISH

for Preserving Ironwork, Wood, or Stone.

(Registered Trade Mark.)

An excellent substitute for oil paint, at one-third the cost.

Price Is. 6d. per gallon at the manufactory, or carriage-paid
to any railway station, Is. Sd. per gallon in casks of 36, 20, or
10 gallons.
y-» a rr m t s\ art Every Cask bears the above

(J A U 1 1 OJy. Registered Trade Mark. Beware

of cheap imitations.-

HIL L &~ SMITH,

Brlerley Ironworks, Dudley ;

118, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C. ;

47, Dawson Street, Dublin,

CHARLES FRAZER'S EXECUTORS,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, NORWICH.

No. 57.— Melon and Cucumber Frame.

The illustration shows a Three-light Frame, 12 feet long by
6 feet wide. Height at front 11 inches, height at back 22 inches.
Made of thoroughly seasoned redwood deal, sides and en<is
l£ inch thick, screwed together at the angles, and with the
necessary parting pieces and runners for the lights, which are
2 inches thick, strengthened with iron bar across, and fitted
with iron handle complete. All parts painted three coats of
best oil colour, and light glazed with 2l-oz. glass, nailed and
bedded in good putty.
1-Light Frame ... 4 ft. by 6 ft.

2 8 ft. bv6ft

3 , la ft. by 6 ft

4 ,, ,, ... 16 ft. by 6 ft

5 „ 20 ft. by 6 ft

6 24 ft by 6 ft.

Carriage is Paid to all Goods Stations in England and Wales ;

also to Glasgow, Edinburgh, Dublin and Belfast.

New Illustrated Catalogue of Conservatories, Greenhouse?,
Garden Frames, Poultry Houses, and Dog Kennels, post-free
for six stamps, to be deducted from fir?t order.

CHEAP FRAMES.

] Cash Prices |
' -Carriage and-

Packing Free, i

£2 0 0

3 0 0

4 5 0

5 10 0

6 15 0
0 0

PORTABLE CUCUMBER FRAMES.

RHALL1DAY and CO. desire to draw
• special attention to their Cucumber Frames, of which
they always have a large stock, ready glazed and painted.
They are made of the best materials, and can be put together
and taken apart in a few minutes by any one.
Prices delivered free to any station in England.

1-light frame, 4 ft. by 6 ft.
2-light frame, 8 ft. by 6 ft.
3-light frame, 12 ft. by 6 ft. '
6-light frame, 24 ft. by 6 ft.

Larger sizes at proportionate prices.

R. HALLIDAY & CO.,

Hothouse Builders and Engineers, Royal Horticultural Works,

Mlddleton, Manchester.

London Agent— Mr. H. Skelton, Seedsman, &c., 2, Holloway
Road, N.

£ ».

2 0

3 2

(

4 15

8 10

id SHOW
ROOMS

/39 *vo/4/ C/7WA/Q/V S r LO/VOO/V.E. C.

21-OZ. and 15-OZ. Foreign, of above sizes, in boxes of 100 feet

and 200 feet super.
English Glass, cut to buyers' sizes, at lowest prices, delivered

free and sound in the country, in quantity.
'HORTICULTURAL PUTTY." Own Special Manufacture.

GEORGK FAKMILOE & SONS,

Lead, Glass, Oil, and Colour Merchants,
34, St. John Street, West Smlthfleld, London, E.C.

Stock Lists and Prices on application. Please quote Chronicle.

Aogust 24. 1889.]

TEE GARDENERS" CHRONICLE.

229

R. HALLIDAY &, CO.,

HOTHOUSE BUILDERS and HOT-WATER ENGINEERS,

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER.

Vineries, Stoves, Greenhouses, Peach Houses, Forcing Houses, &c, constructed on our improved plan, are the
perfection of growing houses, and for practical utility, economy, and durability cannot be equaUed. We only do one class of work,

I and that THE VERT BEST.

Conservatories and Winter Gardens designed architecturally correct without the assistance of any one out of our firm,
■ from the smallest to the largest. Hot-water Heating Apparatus, with really reliable Boilers, erected, and success guaranteed
in all cases. Melon Frames, Sashes, Hotbed Boxes, &c, always in stock.

Plans, Estimates and Catalogues free. Customers waited on in any part of the Kingdom.

Our Maxim is and always has been —

MODERATE CHARGES. FIRST-CLASS WORK. THE BEST MATERIALS.

CROMPTON
& FAWKES,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS,

CHELMSFORD.

BOOK of Photo-Lithographed
Sketches of Winter Gardens. Ranges
of Hothouses, Vineries, Architectu-
ral Conservatories, &c, of various
Designs and Sizes, recently con-
structed, erected, fitted, and heated
complete by us in different parts of
the country; with particulars of the
most successful Hotwater Heating
Apparatus of the century.

Post-free on application.

BOULTON & PAUL,

HORTICULTURAL
BUILDERS,

NORWICH.

No. 73.-SPAN-ROOF GARDEN FRAME.

This Frame is strong and very bandy to use. Plants grow
very strong and quickly in this form, owing to its ample light
and ventilation. The sides of the Frames are 14 inches high,
'the ridge is 2 feet 3 inches. Lights turn quite over. Glazed
with 21-oz. English glass, and painted four times.

Length. Width.

1 Light Frame, 4 ft. by 6 ft.

g bv 6 I Casn
12 „ by b „ I carriage
16 „ by 6 „ ^ _ and
20 „ by 6 „
24 „by6 „

CARRIAGE is paid to anystatiou in England and Wales,
I to Dublin, Cork, Derry, Glasgow, and Edinburgh, or stations
univalent. CATAL0GUES

Packing
FREE.

£2 17

4 7

5 17

7 7

8 17
10 7

POST-FREE.

"D E D S T E A D S. — For the use of

■ -A-* Domestic Servants, Children, and Institutions, we
sold during 1888, of our D design BEDSTEADS and WOODS'
PATENT WOVEN STEEL WIKE MATTRESSES combined,
3200. Carriage paid to any Railway Station. Liberal Dis-
count. Send for a " Book of French and Persian Designs." to
THE LONGFORD WIRE CO. (Limited), Warrington.

GARDEN REQUISITE S.—
Sticks, Labels, Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo
jCane., Rustic Work, Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of
(WATSO.\ and SCULL, 99, Lower Thames Strict, London, E.C.

T//OS. w. rob/w&on:

STGURBR/DGE.

BECKETT BROS.,

CHELMSFORD.

Price Lists, Plans, and Estimates Free.

VULCAN IRONWORKS,

WINCHESTER.

THE VULCAN HIGH DUTY

HYDRAULIC RAM

Is the most efficient, self-acting
Pump. It will force water from
streams or springs on low levels to
tanks or reservoirs on hills, &c. It
saves all water cartdge, and is
always at work, requiring no
attention.
All that is necessary is a small fall from a spring or stream,

say 24 inches, when water can be forced to heights varying

from 200 to 300 feet, and 2 nvles distent.

Estimates sent free for
Driving and Fitting-up
Tube Wells and Pumps,
Deep- well Pumps, Fixed
and Portable Garden
Pumps, &c, ami for
Laying Domestic Water
Supply to Mansions,
Farms, Nurseries,
Greenhouses, &o.

PORTABLE
GARDEN PUMP.

Address: H. P. VACHER,

VULCAN IRONWORKS, WINCHESTER.
GLASS. CHEAP GLASS.

8B. 6tL per 100 feet 15 oz. 12x10, 18X12, 18x14, 24x14,
14 X 12. 20 X 12, 18 X 16, 24 X 16,
12B. per 100 feet 21 oi. ... 16x12, 16x14, 20x16, 24x18, &o.

All kinds of PAINTS at very low prices.
FLOORING at 7s. Ad. per square ; MATCHING at 5s. 9d. ;
3x9at2J(f. per foot run; 2x4atj<f; MOULDINGS, IRON-
MONGERY, &c. Catalogues on application to

THE CHEAP WOOD COMPANY, 72, Bishopsgate Street
Within. London. E.C.

MADE WITH BOILING WATER.

E P P S ' S

GRATEFUL-COMFORTING.

COCOA

MADE WITH BOILING MILK.

THE BEST REMEDY FOR INDIGESTION;

CAMOMILE PILLS.

Are confidently recommended as a simple but certain
remedy for

^INDIGESTION*^

Bee Testimonial, selected from hundreds :—

CROYDON, 1 885.
" Having been a sufferer from Indi-
gestion/or many years, 1 am happy to
say that I have at last not only been
relieved but perfectly cured by using
Norton's Pills, and confidently recom-
mend them to all suffering from the same.
"7. WILKINSON."

For other Testimonials , see Monthly Magazines.
Sold everywhere, price 15. i±d.t 2s. gd. and 115.

TRYLEETE'SOfPe

ONIRON.WOOO & STONE
ALLC0LORSCASH

rVLEETE&C? PAINT WORKS.1 29 LONDON rV>SE

230

THE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

[August 24, 1889.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

Scale of Charges for Advertising.

Head L

ne charged

is two.

Lines .

. £0

Lines .

. £0 8

. 0

. 0 9

. 0

. 0 9

. 0

. 0 10

. 0

. 0 10

. 0

. 0 11

. 0

. 0 11

. 0

. 0 12

■ 0

. 0 12

. 0

. 0 13

ji •

. 0

it •

. 0 13

AND SIXPENCE FOR EVERY ADDITIONAL LINE.
If set across two Columns, the lowest charge will be 20s.
If set across three Columns the lowest charge will be 304-
Page, £8; Half Page, £4 10s. ; Column. £3.

Gardeners and others Wanting Situations.

26 words, including name and address. Is 6<i.,

and 6d. for every additional line (about 9 words) or part

of a line.

THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE PREPAID.

This scale does not apply to announcements of Vacant
Situations, which are charged at the ordinary scale.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.— Advertisers are cautioned
against having Letters addressed to Initials at Post-offices, as
all Letters so addressed are opened by the authorities and
returned to the sender.

Births, Deaths and Marriages, 5s. each insertion.

Advertisements for the current week must reach the Office by

Thursday noon.

All Subscriptions Payable in Advance.

The United Kingdom i 12 Months, 153. ; 6 Months,

73. 6d.; 3 Months, 3s. 9d.

Foreign (excepting India and China); including Postage,

17S. 6d. for 12 Months; India and China, 19s. 6d.

Post Office Orders to be made payable at the Post Office ,

42, DRURY LANE, W.C., to W. Richards.

Publishing Office and Office for Advertisements,

41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C.

AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL INTERESTS

ARE BEST REPRESENTED IK

THE AMERICAN GARDEN,

WHICH INCLUDES : —

THE AMERICAN GARDEN ... 16th Year. \

THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY 30th Year. I United

and HORTICULTURIST 42nd Year, f

... 17th Year. I

ONE.

THE FLORAL CABINET

Making the Largest, Best, Ollest, Liveliest, Handsomest
Gardening Magazine in America.

THE LEADING AMERICAN JOURNAL FOR
HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISEMENTS.

Subscription Price for England
and Countries in the Universal Postal Union, 10s.

E. H. LIBBY, Publisher, 751, Broadway,

New York, U.S.A.

Agents for Great Britain and Ireland :—

STEEL AND JONES, i. Spring Gardens, Charing Cross.
London, S. W., to whom Orders for Advertisements and Subscrip-
tions may be sent. A Specimen Copy post-free for ltid. (stamps).

To Florists (First-class).— Partnership, Active.

A GENTLEMAN is prepared to treat with a
First-class Florist, of known ability, with £1000 capital,
with a view to PARTNERSHIP. Advertiser, having a fine
Freehold Estate, with good Gardens, and a considerable quan-
tity of Glass (and which he would be prepared to extend)
would Let the same at a very moderate yearly rental to the
Joint Partnership. Good Retail Shop for the Sale of the
Produce already recently established in a nourishing town near
London. Highest references given and required. — Principals
only address, in confidence.

P. J., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street,
Strand, London, W.C.

Cardiff Union, Ely Schools —Gardener Wanted.

THE BOARD of GUARDIANS will at their
Meeting on the 7th of SEPTEMBER, 1889, appoint an
INDUSTRIAL TRAINER in GARDENING, at their Schools,
at Ely, near Cardiff.

The duties of the Officer will be to Cultivate the Garden,
which is devoted to Vegetables only ; Instruct and Assist the
Boys in Practical Gardening and Field Work, and make him-
self generally useful about the premises, under the direction of
the Guardians and the Master.

Candidates must be Single, or Widower without children, and
possess a competent knowledge of Gardening.

Salary £40 a year, with board, lodging, and washing.

Forms of Application must be obtained from me, and re-
turned not later than Monday, September 2, 1889.— By order,
ARTHUR J. HARRIS, Clerk.

Queen's Chambers, Cardiff.— August 13, 1889.

WANTED, a good, general GARDENER.
Will be required to take charge of a small place in
the Colonies. Wages, £70 per annum. Unmarried man and
teetotaler preferred. Will be by himself.— A. M.. Gardeners'
Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

WANTED, a GARDENER, for small single-
handed place, near town. Must be a married man,
without family ; steady, active, and thoroughly up to his
work. Small conservatory, fernery, and greenhouse. Rooms,
coals, and gas found. — Address, stating wages required, toT. R.,
Messrs. Street & Co., 30, Cornhill, E.C.

A GENTLEMAN, removing to Germany,
REQUIRES a GERMAN GARDENER, familiar with
Orchid Culture, to take Charge of Collection of Orchids and
Small Garden.— OAKFIELD, The Avenue. Gipsy Hill, S.E.

Gardener.

WANTED, a steady young MAN, to do Job-
bing Work, and fill his time up in the Nursery. State
age, wages, and reference. — WM. WEED, The Nursery,
Uppingham.

WANTED, a SECOND GARDENER, where
five are kept. Must be fully competent both Tnside
and Out, willing and obliging, and have a good knowledge of
Propagating and Plant Growing. Wages, 185. per week.no
bothy. Must have a good character.— E. R. WEBBER, The
Garden, Henwick Grange, Worcester.

Under Gardener.

WANTED, a respectable, married MAN,
without encumbrance. Must be a good Gardener,
and competent to take charge of Conservatory, and well up in
the Growth of Plants. Wages 16s., and house found.— Mr.
BAILEY, Rosherville Gardens, Gravesend.

WANTED, a steady young man, as UNDER
GARDENER, Inside and Out. Age about 20.— Refer-
ences to WM. PARTRIDGE, Cleadon Meadows, Sunderland.

WANTED, a FOREMAN, for Fruit Farm
in Kent. Must have had similar experience, be well
qualified, of good character, and a teetotaller. — Apply,
The NORMAL MANURE COMPANY (Limited), 121, Bishops-
gate Street Within, E.C.

WANTED, a thorough good allround FORE-
MAN and PROPAGATOR, to produce large quantities
of Flowering Plants, Cut Flowers, the Forcing of Bulbs, &c.
where a large trade is done in Wreath Making. State age, if
married, also wages, and references, &c. (strictest confidence),
A. K. J., Messrs. Hurst & Son, Seed Merchants, 152, Hounds-
ditch, E.

Southend Local Board.

THE SOUTHEND LOCAL BOARD re-
quire an OFFICER to take the Management, under the
Surveyor, and Assist in Enforcing the Bye Laws relating to
the Cliffs and Pleasure Grounds under their control. He will
also be required to attend to the Planting, Formation of Paths,
and Drainage of the Grounds. A Uniform will be provided, ami
the wages will commence at 25s. per week.

Particulars of the duties required will be supplied on appli
cation to Mr. P. DODD, Surveyor, Southend.

Applications, with testimonials, and stating age and present
occupation, to be sent to me on or before September 3 next.

c ,, ,. , 1fl ,oon WILLIAM GREGSON. Clerk.

Southend, August 16, 1889.

WANTED, for a Garden of nearly 2 Acres, a
competent SINGLE MAN, to Grow Pro luce for
Market. Must have good character. Can sleep but not board
on premises. A good percentage on all sold, with an allowance
of 10s. per week for board.— ALPHA, Fitness, Horticultural
Agent, Sellindge. Kent.

WANTED TWO Young MEN, one used to
Roses, and one used to Soft- wooded Plants for Market.
— CHILD'S Nursery, New Eltham. Kent.

WANTED, a good LABOUKER, for a small
Nursery. Must be a good Planter, Pruner, and
have a knowledge of Propagating. Wages 18s. per week. —
W. DALE, Hickmandias Nursery, Knockholt, Kent.

WANTED, a TRAVELLER, for the Whole-
sale Nursery Trade. None need apply unless tho-
roughly experienced in the Value of and nomenclature of
Nursery Stock, both Indoors and Out of-doors ; also should be
well-known on the road. — Reply, stating salary, experience, &c,
to THOS. CRIPPS AND SON, Tunbridge Wells Nurseries, Kent.

Shorthand Clerk.

A VACANCY will shortly occur in the Offices
of Messrs. LITTLE AND BALLANTYNE, Carlisle, for a
SHORTHAND CLERK, who has been accustomed to the
Nursery and Seed Trade.— Apply, by letter, giving full par-
ticulars as to age, experience, references, salary required, &c.

WANTED, a thoroughly experienced HAND
for our City Shop, must be tirst-class at Wreaths,
Bouquets, Sprays, &c— Apply personally, after 1 o'clock, to
WHARTON AND CO., 55. Pall Mall. 8.W.

Assistant Shopman Wanted.

WANTED, an ASSISTANT in the Seed
Trade, and to Assist, when required, in the Office.
Must have had three or four years' experience in a good Retail
House. — Apply, stating age, wages expected, and where last
employed, to JNO. JEFFERIES AND SON, Seed Merchants,

Cirencester.

To Florists.

WANTED, a Young LADY, to Manage
Branch Establishment. Good at Bouquets, Wreaths,
and Sprays. — Apply, stating experience, salary, &c, to
W. LEWIS, 24, The triangle, Bournemouth.

ANTED, an experienced FLORIST and

SALESWOMAN. Must be a good Wreath and
Bouquet Hand. Good references.— J. DANIELS, 209, Oxford
Street, Manchester.

GARDENING APPOINTMENTS.

Mr. Henby Sawyer, late Head Gardener to
the Dowager Marchioness of Downshihe, Wake-
hurst Place, Hayward's Heath, has been ap-
pointed Head Gardener to W. More Moly-
neux, Esq., Loseley Park, Guilford.

Mr. James Ross has been engaged as Head
Gardener to Mrs. Charrington, Burys- Court,
Reigate, Surrey.

Mr. Thomas Herbert, lately General Foreman
at Castle Hill Gardens, Bletchingley, has been
appointed Head Gardener to J. T. Charles-
worth, Esq., Nutfleld Court, Nutfield, Surrey.

Mr. C. Marshall, late Head Gardener to
General Newdegate, Arbury, Nuneaton, has
been appointed Head Gardener to Earl Sydney,
Frognal, Foot's Cray, Kent.

Mr. W. Owen, late Head Gardener to P.
Saillord, Esq., of Buchan Hill, Crawley,
Sussex, has been appointed Head Gardener to
B. V. Melville, Esq., Ford Manor, Lingfield,
Surrey. His late Foreman has been appointed
at Buchan Hill.

Mr. W. Farr, for fourteen years Gardener to
Sir R. Knightley, Bart., Fawsley Park,
Daventry, has been appointed to succeed the
late Mr. J. Bayne as Gardener to Lord Dart-
mouth, Patshull House, Wolverhampton.

WANT PLACES.

Letters addressed " Poste Restante" to initials or to fictitiout
names are not forwarded, but are at once returned to tht
writers.

POSTAL ORDERS.— To Advertisers, Subscribers, and
Others. — It is very important in remitting by Postal Order
that it should be filled in payable at No. 42, DRURY
LANE, to W. RICHARDS, as, unless the number of a
Postal Order is known, and it has been made payable a$ a
particular office, and to a particular person, it is impossible
to prevent any person into whose hands it may fall from
negotiating it.

N.B. — The best and safest means of Remitting is by
POST-OFFICE MONEY ORDER.

To Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring Land Agents,

STEWARDS. BAILIFFS. Or GARDENERS.

JAMES CARTER and CO. have at all
times upon their Register reliable and competent MEN,
several of whom are personally well known to Messrs. Carter.
Enquiries .should be made to 237 and 238, High Holborn, W.C.

ORMISTON and RENWICK have on their
Register a number of experienced SCOTCH GAR-
DENERS and FORESTERS, which they can confidently re-
commend.— Nursery and Seed Warehouse, Melrose.

Gardeners, Foresters, Land Stewards.

I) B. LAIRD and SONS can recommend with
\>m every confidence Scotchmen thoroughly qualified as
GARDENERS, FORESTERS, or LAND STEWARDS, either for
large or small establishments, and will be pleased to furnish full
particular* on application. — 17, Frederick Street, Edinburgh.

SCOTCH GARDENERS.— I have at present
several very superior MEN on my Register, who*e cha-
racter and ability will bear the strictest investigation. —
JOHN DOWNIE, Seedsman, 144, Princes Street, Edinburgh.

ORCHID GROWER, or HEAD GARDENER.
— Advertiser, thoroughly practical in all branches
(Orchids a specialty), desires re-engagement to a Lady or
Gentleman requiring the services of a good man. First-class
character. — H. BURBERRY, 23, Grovedale Road, Upper
Holloway, London, N.

GARDENER (Head). — Age 31, married,
small family ; fourteen years' experience in all
branches. Seven years' good character from present employer.
— E. BALLINGER. Kimsbury House. Gloucester.

GARDENER (Head). — Advertiser having
had twenty-five years' experience in Large Gardens,
desires re-engagement. Excellent testimonials. — HEAD
GARDENER, The Towers, Didsbury, near Manchester.

ARDENER (Head) ; age 32, married.— A

Gentleman wishes to recommend his Head Gardener
to any Lady or Gentleman. Eight years' good character.
Steady and industrious.— The Rev. H. J. FELLOWES, Over
Wallop, near Stockbridge, Hants. ^

GARDENER (Head); age 30.— William
Lek, Esq- (late of Downside, Leatherhead), wishes to
highly recommend E. Bristow to any Lady or Gentleman re-
quiring a thoroughly efficient and trustworthy man, as above.
Thoroughly experienced in Orchid Culture. Seventeen years
experience in first-class establishments.-E. BRISTOW, Down-
side, Leatherhead. .

August 24, 1S89.]

THE GARDENERS1 CHRONICLE.

231

/GARDENER (Head). — Age 40, married;

\JT twenty-six years' experience in Vines, Peaches, Melons
Cucumbers, Tomatos, all kindsof Stove and Greenhouse Plants,
Orchids, and the Management of a Garden. First-class refer-
ences. Please stite wages.— G. LUCAS, 41, Hampden Road,
Upper Holloway, N. __

GARDENER (Head); age 44, married.— A
Gentleman wishes to highly recommend his late Gar-
dener, who has been in his service over eight years, to any
Lady or Gentleman who may require the service of a man
thoroughly experienced in Vines, Peaches, Melons. Cucumbers,
Orchids, Stove and Greenhouse Plants Early and Late
| Forcing'. Flower and Kitchen Gardening.— W. P., 10, Fair
, View Koad, Taplow, Bucks.

J f^\ ARDENER (Head Working). — Practical ;

r \JC thoroughly experienced iu all branches of the profession.

Fir=t>class Testimonials. — C. L. C, Wilmington Lodge.

t Hassocks, Sussex.

GARDENER (Head Working). — Age 30,
married, one child ; fifteen years' experience in all
[branches. Excellent references.— W. S4.UNDKRS, 53, Wens-
\ lade Road, Upper Clapton. E.

|iH ARDENER (Head Working). —Age 37,

) xjf married; experienced in the Management of blowers,
' Fruits, Vegetables, and Pleasure Grounds. Good character. —
I W. P.. Church Road, Wiuchmore Hill, N.

GARDENER (Head Working). — Age 36,
married ; thorough practical man in all brauches. Good
Plantsman. Land and Stock if required. First-class refer-
ent _VASSE, 24, St. George's Road, Regent's Park, N.W.

ARDENER (Head Working), where two

or more are kept. — Age 37, married; thoroughly prac-
tical. Five years' good character from present employer. —
ARNOLD, Sheet Gardens, Ludlow.

■'r\ ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 28,

1 \JC married, one child ; competent in all branches. Expe-
rience gained in five leading establishments in Eugland. —
GARDENER, Court Grange, Newton Abbott, Devon.

/ ^ ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 36,

vJT married, no children ; thoroughly experienced and
trustworthy. Three years' personal character.— J. W., (5,
Orange Tree Terrace, Wilmington, Kent.

ARDENER (Head Working). — Age 50,

married ; thoroughly practical in all branches, iucluding
1 Orchids. Eighteen years in last situation, ten previous.
Highest references.— W. GUNN, Braintree.

ARDENER (Head Working).— Married,

two children, youngest age 10 ; thoroughly experienced
in Early and Late Forcing, &c. Highest references from pre-
sent and former employers. — T. W., Monsou Road, Redhill,
Surrey.

ARDENER (Head Working); age 31.—

ADVERTISER wishes to meet wixh a situation as abjve.
•'Has had seventeen years' practical experience in good estab-
lishments; five years in present situation as Foreman.
-Highest references as to character and abilities.— THOMAS
lPRfCKETT, High Ashurst Gardens, Dorking.

G GARDENER (Head Working, or good
3T Single-handed).— Age 32. married, no incumbrance ;
.has a thorough knowledge of Vines, Peaches, Stove and
Greenhouse Plants, and Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Five
.years' good character. -A. B., East Hill Cottage, Oxted, Surrey.

GARDENER (Head Working, or good
Single-handed).— Age 28, married, no family ; life
^experience. Thorough knowledge of Early and Late Forcing
Fruits, Flowers, Vegetables, and Mushrooms ; Flower and
"Kitchen Gardening. Four years' first-class character. Ab-
stainer.— T. BERKTDGE, Wychcotes, Caversham, Reading.

ARDENER (Head Working, or good

Single-handed). — Age 35, married ; understands
•Orchids, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Fruit, an 1 Vegetables
f — a good all round man, well up to his work. E.eveu years in
last place. Good references. — W. G., Furzefield Road, Charlton
, Road, Blackheath, Kent.

ARDENER (Head or good SINGLE-
HANDED). — Age 38, mirried, two children ; thoroughly
understands his work ; good references. — WOOD, 16, Salisbury
Road, Manor Park, E.

I? W. THOMAS, Esq., wishes to reoommend
. • his GARDENER to any Nobleman, Lady, or Gentle-
. man, requiring a thoroughly good man. Age 40, married.
< First-class Grower of Fruits, Flowers, and Vegetables; and to
undertake General Management. — Wannock, Polegate, Sussex.

GARDENER.— Age 30, married ; thorough
in all branches. Three years' good character. Under-
stands Cows and Poultry.— JOHN DOBSON, Little Sutton,
near Chester.

GARDENER (Working), where assistance is
given. — Age 41 ; understands Flower and Kitchen Gar-
den. Grown Fruit for Market last 10 years. Leaving through
selfmg. Go»d references.— WILLIS. Rudgwick, Sussex.

GARDENER (Good Working, Single-
handed, or otherwise). — Age 28, married, no children ;
good reference.— W. BENNETT, 1, Rye Terrace, Caterham
Valley, Surrey.

GARDENER, good Single-handed, or where
help is given. — Age 32 ; twelve years' excellent charac-
ter from present place.— G. HOAR, Bashing, Godalming.

GARDENER (Single-handed), where there
is Glass. — Age U6 ; good character and references from
Noblemen and Gentlemen's places. —A. BUCK, Church Street,
Esher.

G' ARDENER (good Single-handed), or
FOREMAN, in a large establishment.— Age 27, married ;
not afraid of work.— W. BATTERS, Sherfield Manor, Basing-
stoke.

GARDENER (Second, or good Sinqle-
haxded). — Age 27, single ; experienced in all branches.
Very steady, willing. Christian young man. Excellent cha-
racter. State wages.— M., Lewins, Edenbridge, Kent.

GARDENER (Second or good Single-
handed). — Single ; ten years' and a half experience.
Total abstainer; good character.— J. WELLS, 2, Western
Road, Tunbridge Road, Maidstone, Kent.

r± ARDENER (Second).— Age 24 ; nine years'

\A experience. Inside and Out. Good character.—
W. OLDER, 6, Half Moon Lane. Dulwich, London, S.E.

GARDENER (Second), in Private Establish-
ment.—Age 23 ; seven years' experience Inside and Out.
Can be highly recommended.— W. S., 12, Wigan's Cottages,
Mortlake.

GARDENER (Second), in good establishment.
—Age 25, single; experienced Inside and Out. Eighteen
months' good character; three years previous. — C. MANBY,
The Gardens, Marden Park, Caterham Valley, Surrey.

GARDENER (Second), where four or more
are kept. — Ten years' experience. Three years' good
character from last situation. — J., 101, Grecian Street, Maid-
stone, Kent.

GARDENER (Second, or Under), Inside and
Out. — Age 2'S; seven years' experience. Excellent
character from Head Gardener to Gore Langton, Esq., Hatch
Park, Taunton, and other references.— WILLIAM GODDARD,
Sandhills, Cattistoek, Dorchester.

GARDENER (Under or Single-handed). —
Age 23 ; eight years' experience in good Gardens. Good
characters.— J. H., 13, Queen Street, Hemel Hempstead, Herts.

GARDENER (Under). — Willing to make
himself useful. Good references.— G., 2, Wilson Place,
Lower Sydenham, S.E.

GARDENER (Under), Inside and Out.—
Age 19; two and a half years in present situation, four
years previous." Good reference.— W. BOALCH, 48, Meadow
Street, Weston-super-Mare.

WANTED EMPLOYMENT, as Single-
hasded or Under. Good Gardener. Age 22. —Re-
commended by Hon. Mrs. ANSON, Cookham.

NURSERY MANAGER, or FOREMAN.—
Thirtv years' experience.— IS, Elaine Grove. Haverstock
Hill, N.W. '

FOREMAN, in a good establishment. — Age
26; ten years' experience in good places. — THOMAS
VINDEN, Harlaxton Manor. Grantham.

FOREMAN, in the Houses.— Age 26 ; twelve

JL years' experience in Fruit, Stove and Greenhouses, and
Table Decoratious. Good character.— J. W., 29, Southerton
Road, Hammersmith, W.

FOREMAN, in a good establishment; expe-
rienced in all branches. Furnishing included. Testi-
monials of highest order.— C. TAYLOR, a, Telegraph Road,
Petersfield, Hants.

FOREMAN. — Age 20, single; ten years' ex-
perience, Inside and Out, and House Decorations. Five
and a half years' good character.— J. MUDDELL, 22, Seaton
Street, Chelsea, S.W.

FOREMAN. — Age 25 ; upwards of two years
as Foreman in last situation. Good references from last
and previous places.— H. BUTCHER, Manor House, East
Acton, W.

FOREMAN, or Second in Gentleman's Estab-
lishment.— Age 24 ; eight years' experience in good
places. Well recommended. Abstainer.— FOREMAN, Greys
Road, Henley-on-Thames, Oxon.

FOREMAN, or good Second, in a Nursery. —
Age 27 ; fourteen years' practical experience in all
branches of the trade. Has a thorough knowledge of four
languages, highest testimonials as to character and ability. —
C. B„ Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street,
Strand, W.C.

To Nurserymen.

NURSERY FOREMAN, Outdoor.— Age 34;
married; well acquainted with the Cultivation and
Valuation of all Outside Stock and Management of Men. Good
character.— ALPHA, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

1j\) REMAN PROPAGATOR GROWER,
for Market or Private.— Age 30. married, four children ;
Palms, Ferns, Ficus, Aspidistras; the Pot and Cut Flower
Trade in general ; Grapes, Peaches, Tomatos, Cucumbers, and
Strawberries. — K., 14, Stamford Terrace, Stoke Newington, N.

PROPAGATOR.— Well up in Soft- wooded
Stove Plants, Roses, &c. Twelve years' experience,
First-class references as to ability, &c— Q. P., 2, Shaw Road,
Newbury, Berks.

ROPAGATOR, of Heath and Soft-wooded

Plants. — Age 21 ; well up. Seven years' experience.
Good character. Three years iu last place. — G. A., Gardeners'
Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

P Propagator and grower (good) of
Plants, Choice Cut Flowers, Roses, Bouvardias, Eucharis,
Ferns, Lilies, Bulbs, Arums, &c. ; also Grapes, Tomatos,
Cucumbers, Mushrooms.— R., 5, Old Road College Lane, East
Grinstead.

G_ To Nurserymen.

ROWER and ASSISTANT PROPA-
GATOR. — Age 22 ; six years' experience in nret-clasa
Nurseries. Well up in Wreaths, Crosses, &c— H. ALCOCK,
York Place Nurseries, Dumfries.

JOURNEYMAN, under a Foreman, inside —
Age 22; ten years* experience. Good character. — A.
PAYNE, Bookham Lodge, Cobham, Surrey,

JOURNEYMAN, Inside and Out, under- a
good Foreman.— Age 19.— E. B., The Gardens, Brougham
Hall, Penrith, Cumberland.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses in good Estab-
lishment.— Age 24; eight years' experience.— T. D. S.,
Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand,

JOURNEYMAN, under a Foreman. — Six
years' experieuce under glass. Two years in last situa-
tion. Good characters. — For particulars, please apply to
C. FLACK, Cholmondeley Castle Gardens, Malpas, Cheshire.

JOURNEYMAN, Inside ; age^ 22. — J.
Trigger, The Gardens, Milton, Peterborough, would
be pleased to recommend to any Head Gardener an active and
industrious young man.

JOURNEYMAN, Inside.— Age 20; six years'
experience in all branches. Excellent character from
last and previous gardeners.— J. G. WALKER, Swalcliffe Park,
near Banbury, Oxon.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses; age 19.—
Mr. Nohrish wishes to recommend F. Willey, as above,
under a Foreman. Five years' experience. One-and-a-half
years' in present place. Bothy preferred.— The Gardens, The
Quarries, Exeter.

TMPROVER, under Glass ; age 18.— T. Hare,

A Wellingore, Grantham, would be glad to recommend a
strong youth as above.

IMPROVER, in a Gentleman's Garden, under
Glass preferred. — Age 18 ; two years' good character from
last situation.— B., 3d, St. George's Square, Maidstone.

TMPROVER, in a good Garden.— Age 22;

X strong and willing. Two years' and a half good characters.
— B. BECK, ly, CloughaView, Bowerham, Lancaster.

rPO MARKET NURSERYMEN.— Wanted a

J- situation as above. Twelve years' experience. Age 25.
Well up in Propagating and Growing Soft-wooded Plants for
Market.— A. S., 7,ElmStreet, Great Southsea Street, Southsea.

TO NURSERYMEN.— Wanted, situation in a
Nursery. Six years' experience. Well up in General
Work Inside. Good references. Age 20. — G. PARKS,
Cemetery Koad, Hailsham, Sussex.

rPO NURSERYMEN and GENTLEMEN.—

JL Young man (age 19) requires situation in Nursery or
Gentleman's Garden. Used to Glass and Outdoor Work. Five
years' character from present employer, — SKAN, Acock 's
Green, Birmingham.

ADVERTISER having four years experience
in Garden, Flower, and Agricultural Seed Departments,
desires change. Good references. Age 20. — J. C, W. Drum-
mond & Sons, Stirling.

T~ O GARDENERS.— Mr. Channing, The
Gardens, Lillesden, Hawkhurat, is desirous of recom-
mending a strong, well educated Youth, as an Apprentice iu a
good Garden. A Premium given. Apply as above.

SHOPMAN (Second), or ASSISTANT.-

O Thomas Kennedy & Co., Dumfries, can recommend a
young Man, as above.

C HOPMAN (Assistant). — Good experience in

O Bulb and Seed Trade. Would help in other departments
if required. — WHITE, 5, Hope Terrace, Acton Green,
Chiswick, W.

^EED TRADE. — Situation wanted by a young

lO Man. Over four and a half years in good Scotch house.
Good references. — T. S. S., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41,
Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

q^O THE SEED TRADE.— Required by a

JL young Man (age 20), situation in either Wholesale or
Retail. Good references. — X. Y. Z.. Gardeners' Chronicle
Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

HANDY MAN. — Practical experience in
Greenhouse Building, Hot-water Work, &c— THACK-
REY, Norfolk Terrace, Westbourne Grove, W.

rro FLORISTS.— A young Lady (age 17)

JL desires situation, has been out before. — A. B., 13, Victoria
Cottages, Archwny Road, Highgate, N.

HOLLOWAY'S PILLS.— Weary of Life.—
Derangement of the Liver is one of the most effi-
cient causes of dangerous diseases, and the most prolitic
source of those melancholy forebodings which are worse than
death itself. A few doses of these noted Pill, act magically in
dispelling low spirits, and repelling the covert attacks made
on the nerves by excessive heat, impure atmosphere, over-
indulgence, or exhausting excitement. The most shattered
constitution may derive benefit from Holloway's Pills, which
will regulate disordered action, brace the nerves, increase the
energy of the intellectual faculties, and revive the failing
memory. By attentively studying the instructions for taking
these Pills, and explicitly putting them in practice, the most
desponding will soon feel confident of a perfect recovery.

232

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Acgust 24, 18t 0

Editorial Communications should be addressed to " The E iitor :" Advertisements
Printed by WlLLIlM RioaiRDS. at the Olfi:eof Messrs. Bkadburv, AQNEW.
said WlLLIlM RICSAKD3 at the 0.fi;e, 11, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul'

', Cove'nt ; tiarden in the said Couuty.-SiTuaDi.vr, August 24, 1889. Agent for Manchester-, OHN HE! wood.

Established 1841.

No. 2540.

No. 140.— Vol. VI. {g™} SATUKDAY, AUGUST 4 1889

[Regt. as a Newspaper. /"RICE 3d-
l Post-Free, 3£rf.

American blight

Bedding Violas

Birds and fruit

Books : —

Darwin's Journal

Journal of the Bureau
of Agriculture
Central Park, New York

Cherry, a new

Cultural memoranda ...

Curled leaves

Daffodils, lifting, in Mr.

Hartland's nureery ...
Dendrobium polyphle-

bium and var. Emerici
Fruit culture

„ hardy, in North
Yorkshire
Fruits under glass
Hardy fruit garden

,, plants at Kew

Katosanthes

Kew, hardy plants at ...
Kitchen garden, the ...
Ltelia elegans, at the

Woodlands

Lyeaste costata

New and noteworthy

plants

CONTENTS.

New Zealand flax
Orchid culture past and
present

,, houses, the

Orchid notes

Paris, the gardens of ...

Peas, topping

Peloria in Larkspur
Phaius philippinenais ...

Plant notes

Plant portraits

Plants and their culture
Queen's Welsh, journey,

the

Renanthera coccinea
Rosccea purpurea
Societies : —

Basingstoke

Devon and Exeter

Eastbourne

Leith

Royal Horticultural ...

Royal Horticultural of
Ireland

Sevenoaks

Shrewsbury

Trowbridge

Wilts

Yucca aloefolia

249
243
249

242

242
248
247
243
260

241

244
216

249
24S

245

2411

243

241)
245

242
242

239

Illustrations.

Central Park, New York, view in

Curled leaves ...

Daffodils, lifting, in Mr. Hartland's nursery
Dendrobium polyphlebium and var. Emerici
Peloria in larkspur

237
245
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249
250
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248
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249

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250

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250
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244
i5rt

Advertisers are specially requested to note, that,
under no circumstances whatever, can any
particular position be guaranteed for ad-
vertisements occupying less space than an
entire column.

Now ready. In cloth, lis. 6d.
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

J. Vol. V.. Third Series, JAN. to JUNE. 1889.

W. RICHARDS. 41. Wellington Street. Strand. W.C.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE
IN AMERICA.

The Subscription to America, including Postage, is $4.30 for
Twelve Months.

Agent for America: — E. H. LIBBY, "The American Garden,"
751, Broadway, New York, to whom American Orders may
be sent.

CRYSTAL PALACE.
FRIDAY and SATURDAY, September 6 and 7.
GREAT FRUIT EXHIBITION, with the NATIONAL
DAHLIA SOCIETY'S GRAND SHOW.
No extra charge.
Schedules and Entry Forms on application to Mr. W. G.
HEAD, Superintendent Gardens Department, Crystal Palace,
S.E. Entries close Saturday. August .31.

NATIONAL CHRYSANTHEMUM
SOCIETY.— The FIRST EXHIBITION will be held
at the Royal Aquarium, Westminster, WEDNESDAY and
THURSDAY. September 11 and 12. A Conference will also be
held at 4 o'clock, on September 11. Schedules and all par-
ticulars free of WILLIAM HOLMES, Hon. Sec.

Frampton Park Nurseries, Hackney, London, E.

Note. — A Subscription of 6s. per annum, entitles to Free
Admission to all Shows, Conferences, and Floral Meetings of
the Society, and al^o to Vote at all General Meetings-

IVTEWCASTLE - UPON - T YNE AUTUMN

•1™ FLOWER SHOW.— SEPTEMBER 11, 12. and 13.
Entries close Wednesday, September 4. For Schedules, &c,

apply to JAS. J. GILLESPIE, Secretary,
Cross House Chambers.

Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocus, Lilies, &c.

CG. VAN TUBERGEN, Jun., Haarlem,
• Holland.— Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and
may be had free on application to

Messrs. R. SILBERRAD and SON, 25, Savage Gardens,
Crutched Friars, London, E.C.

FOR SALE, EUCHARIS AMAZ)NICA, 12
Large Pots, very strong, healthy, flowerig bulbs. Par-
ticulars and price on application.

WILLIAM HERNE, Hanbnry Hall, Dfttwich.

DAFFODILS and NARflSSUS.—
From 50 to 100 per cent, fall in all spa of Daffodils
and Narcissus Write for " Hartland's 36 qurto-page Book "
on the subject. It is acknowledged to be w most complete
extant. Price Is. Qd. ; returnable unless msidered value.
Certainly as a work of art, it should be ijthe hands of all
lovers of " old fashioned " flowers.

WM. BAYLOR HARTLAND, Seedsmanjnd Florist, 24,
Patrick Street, Cork.

Camellias, Azaleas, Rhododendrons, ilms, Orchids,
&c. Plants grown specially for Enish use.

VUYLSTEKE, urseryman,

Loochristy. Ghent, Belgiui

Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, armay be had,

free on application to

Messrs. R. SILBERRAD and SON, 25, cage Gardens,

Crutched Friars. London, I '.

ARR'S

NEW

' MRS. GEORGE CAMMELL," '3 Great Spinish

Beauty. Amongst Daffodils this is the m

FFODIL

distinct in cha-

racter, and the most refined in beauty ; pt ctly hardy. 21s.
per dozen, 2s. each ; extra large bulbs, 30s. x dozen, 3s. each.

Barr's General Bulb Catalogue free on ai ication.

Barr's Daffodil and Plant Catalogue free application.

Barr's Rare Species of Crocus and Meaw Saffron List on
application.
BARR and SON, 12 and 13. King Street, fent Garden. W.C.

ROMAN HYACINTHS.— 'L Subscribers
offer a splendid Shipment of Early kgle White Roman
Hyacinths of extra large size.

Special select Rulb offer, po*t-fr>e[appIicition.
LITTLE and BALLANTYNE, TheQueeuWdsmep, Carlisle.

Dutch Bulbs Direct from tlGrowers.

ANT. ROOZEN and SON of Overveen,
Haarlem, beg to state that their OALOGUE for 1889,
containing details of their immense CoUions of New, Rare,
and fine Bulbs and Plants (94 pages in ELish) is now ready,
and will, as usual, be sent post-free, ojpplication to them-
selves or their Agents, Messrs. MERTQ and CO., 3, Cross
Lane, St. Marv-at-Hill, London, E.C. J

STRAWBERRY PLANTSA1I best repre-
seuted, true to name, and the rats unique both in
variety and price. Packed a la Gilbert. SI for CATALOGUE.
R. GILBERT. High Park.jimford.

T W. BARN HAM (lateff Squelch &

*) • Barnham) RECEIVES ON OOIISSION, GRAPES,
TOMATOS, and other Choice FRUITS so FLOWERS. His
personal attention securing highest Mjet Prices. Account
Sales daily, and cheques at option. Btets and labels found.
Long Market. Covent Gar], W.C.

MESSRS. GREGORYJnd EVANS,
Nurserymen, Sidcup, and 2986, 287, 288. Flower
Market, Covent Garden, London, W.Cte open to RECEIVE
CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLffiRS in any quantity
for their Commission Department. Bojand Labels supplied.
Telegraph Address — •• COMMIS)N, SLDCUP."

PEACHES, FIGS, MEIffS, GRAPES,
CUCUMBERS, TOMATOS, &c. ighest Market Prices
guaranteed. Prompt Cash.— HENRY ES, Covent Garden.

WANTED, GERANIt CUTTINGS,
Vesuvius, Henry Jacoby, Johibbons, Mrs. Pollock,
Mr. Mahon, for cash, or in exchange f 'alms or other useful
plants. State price to
G. B. FISCHER, The Nursery. Higheet, Clapham, S.W.

\\f ANTED, STOVE andfrKEENHOUSE

TT PLAINTS, small from stc
Tricolors (not Pollocks). Primula
coloured Primula chinensis, Hepaticuif
and single blue ; named -how Pinks
Plumoso nana. Daphnes. Large s
Raspberry Canes, red and yellow ; S Merry
Choisya Temata, W. A. Richardson R< Small
Address, R. C, 41, Wellington S^,

ANTED, good PJ ) SUCKERS

Box 59, Post OInHuU

Gold and Silver
nsis, blue ; double
ulosa. white, double
riculas, Asparagus,
and blue Salvias ;
Runners, new ;
Orchids.
, Strand, W.C.

SUTTON'S BULB CATALOGUE.
Now ready : Price 6rf., postrfree.
Beautifully illustrated with a handtome Coloured Plate of
Sutton's Matchless Hyacinths, and a large number of Engrav-
ings. Contains the most complete Lists of Winter and Spring-
flowering Bulbs yet issued.

Sutton's Bulbs Genuine Onxy from

SUTTON and SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen, READING.

(Orders value 5s, Carriage Free).

LILIES OF THE VALLEY!
English-grown !
The best for early forcing, finest large flowers, and superior
in every respect to German crowns. Price rjer 1000, 10,000. to
100,000 on application.

T. JANNOCH, Lily of the ValleyGrower bySpecial Appoint-
ment to H.R.H. The Prince of Wales, Dersingham, King's
Lynn, Norfolk.

PALMS. — Leading decorative sorts in many
sizes, great quantities, and in finest health.
FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Nurseryman, Richmond, Surrey ;
and Flower Market, Covent Garden. W.C.

ROMAN HYACINTHS, NARCISSUS,
LILIUMS, TUBEROSES, and many other FRENCH
BULBS, grown and offered by LOUIS BREMONO, fils,
Ollioules, Frmce.

WHOLESALE LIST on application to WILLIAM DEN-
MAN. 7, Catherine Street. Covent Garden, London. W.C.

OBURVENICH DE WINNE, Gentbrugge,
• Ghent, Belgium. Ask for my Prices and Samples bi-
fore you buy AZALEA INDICA, A. MOLLIS, and RHODO-
DENDRONS. DRACiENA INDIVISA, Greenhouse FERNS and
PALMS, a specialty. 500 very good AZALEA INDICA, well
budded, well mixed, 25s. per 100 ; DEUTSCH PERLE, 25s. per
100 ; and other Double Whites. £3, £l, £5, £8 per 100.

O. BURVENICH DE WINNE, Gentbrugge, Ghent,
Belgium.

DUTCH BULBS!— BULBS!— BULBS!—
Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcissi, Crocuses, Anemones, Ra-
nunculus, Lilies, and all otbrr Bulbous Plants and Roots.
Goods delivered entirely fret- of any charge at destination in
Great Britain and Ireland. No packing charges. The most
favourable and easy terms ever offered. Only th^- finest roots,
guaranteed true to name, supplied at lowest prices. Beauti-
fully illustrated English CATALOGUE for Annteurs, gratis
and po^-free on Application to VaN MFERBEEK and CO.;
Growers Hillegnm. near Haarlem. Holland.

CPKCTmEN ORCHIDS, ANTHUKIUMS,

O EUJHARIS. PANDASI. CROTONS AZALEAS. LAPA-
GKRIAS. FKRNS, BAMBOOS. CAMELLIAS. Pot RHODO-
DENDRONS (new type). &c. for immediate removal, from the
renowned gardens of ED. Salt. Esq., J.P., for alterations.
Apply for Priced Descriptive LIST.
WOODS PLANT CLUB, Kirkstall, Leeds.

~~ Raspberries and Strawberries.

TfASTOLF is the best RASPBERRY for crop

-i- and quality, strong Canes. 4s. per 100.

STRAWBERRIES. LAXTON'S NOBLE, 8s. ; SIR JOSEPH
PAXTON, 2s td. ; JAMES VEITCH. 2s. per 100.

BRINKWORTH and SONS, Plant Growers, Reading.

T AXTON'S NEW STRAWBERRIES

-Li Must be grown by all.

Descriptive LIST, with prices of " Latest of All " (new,
1*69), "Noble," "A. F. Barron," "Commander," &c, now
ready. Six First-class Certificates.

THOMAS LAXTON. Seed Grower, Bedford.

NICOTINE SOAP.— An effectual eradicator
of all insect pests affecting plants, without injury
to foliage. Jars, Is. <6d., 3s.. 5s. 6d. ; Tins, 15s. tit/., 25*., 95a.
All See smen and Florists.

THOMSON'S IMPROVED VINE and PLANT
MANURE.— This valuable Manure is made only by us.
Every bag and tin has our name on it. To be bad of all Nursery
and Seedsmen, and direct from us. 1 cwt. and over carrtage
paid. London Agent — Mr. GEORGE, 10, Victoria Road Putney
WM. THOMSON and SONS. Clovenfords. Galashiels, N.B. '

LANDSCAPE GARDENING.— Our Mr. T. H.
Mawson (successful competitor) ia prepared to Advise
on, and submit Designs for »U classes of Landscape Gardening,
Estate Improvements. Highest testimonials from gentlemen
for whom h<* has already Carried out improvements etc
Address, MAWSON BROTHERS, The Nurseries, Windermere.

234

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Ausust 31, 1889,

SALES by AUCTION.

Splendid Bulbs from Holland.

SALES every MONDAY, WEDNESDAY, and SATURDAY,
in Large and Small Lots, to suit all Buyers.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent
Garden, W.C., every MONDAY, WEDNESDAY and SATUR-
DAY, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely each day, first-class
consignments of choice named HYACINTHS, TULIPS,
CROCUSES, SCILLAS, NARCISSUS, and other BULBS,
arriving daily from well-known farms in Holland.

On view mornings of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Special Sale of Orchids In Flower and Bud.

MR. J. C. STEVENS begs to announce that
his NEXT SPECIAL SALE of ORCHIDS in FLOWER
and BUD, will take place at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C., on THURSDAY, September 12, at half-
past 12 o'clock precisely, and he will be glad ifgentlemen
desirous of ENTERING PLANTS FOR THIS SALE, will please
SEND LISTS NOT LATER THAN THURSDAY NEXT.

Dutch Bulbs.
GREAT UNRESERVED SALES, every MONDAY, WEDNES-
DAY, THURSDAY, and SATURDAY.

MESSES. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67
and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C., every MONDAY, WED-
NESDAY, THURSDAY, and SATURDAY, at half-past
11 o'clock each day, extensive consignments of first-class
HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUS, NARCISSUS, and other
BULBS, from Holland, lotted to suit the Trade and Private
Buyers.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Friday next.

IMPORTED and ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL by AUCTION at their Central Sale Rooms, 67
and 68, Cheapside, E.C., on FRIDAY NEXT, September 6, at
half-past 12 o'clock precisely, a large quantity of IMPORTED
ORCHIDS, including 300 Oncidium undulatum, Odontoglossum
Rcezlii, and many others, together with a very fine selection
of various ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS.

On view morning of Sale, aud Catalogues had.

Hendon, N.W.

UNRESERVED CLEARANCE SALE, by order of Mr. Pounce,
the ground being required for building.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, Pounce'sNursery,
Hendon, N.W., on TUESDAY, September 3, at 12 o'clock,
without reserve, 4000 CARNATIONS, mostly Gloire de Nancy;
1000 CHRYSANTHEMUMS, White and Yellow ; 3000 FERNS,
of sorts ; large white LAPAGERIAS and AZALEAS, BOU-
VARDIAS, and other PLANTS. The erections of 7 GREEN-
HOUSES, 1200 feet of 4-inch Hot>water PIPING. BOILERS,
loose lights, horse, market VAN. and Sundries.

May be viewed the day prior and morning of Sale. Cata-
logues had on the Premises, and of the Auctioneers and
Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheap-ide, London, E.C.

The Great Annual Trade Sales of Greenhouse and

OTHER PLANTS.

IMPORTANT TO NURSERYMEN, FLORISTS, and

OTHERS.

IVTESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS beg

1VL to call attention to the GREAT ANNUAL TRADE
SALES, which will take place as advertised in this day's
paper. All Catalogues are sent free of charge, and will be
ready for distribution in a few days. Copies forwarded on
application to the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C.

Swanley Junction, Kent.
GREAT UNRESERVED SALE of immense quantities of
GREENHOUSE PLANTS, unusually well-grown.— Impor-
tant to the Trade.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Mr. P. Ladds, to SELL by AUCTION,
■without reserve, on the Premises, the Nurseries, Swanley
Junction, Kent, adjoining Swanley Junction Railway Station,
on WEDNESDAY, September 11, at 11 o'clock punctually, in
consequence of there being upwards of 1600 lots, immense
quantities of remarkably well-grown GREENHOUSE PLANTS,
including the following

Dyson's Lane Nursery, Upper Edmonton,

(about 10 minutes' walk from Angel Road, and 8 minutes from

Silver Street Railway Station, G.E.R.)

FOURTH ANNUAL SALE of about 45,000 GREENHOUSE and

OTHER PLANTS.

MESSRS. /PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Mr. H. B. May, to SELL by AUCTION,
on the Premises; Dyson's Lane Nursery, Upper Edmonton, on
MONDAY, September 16, at 11 for 12 o'clock punctually, in
consequence cf the large number of lots, about 15,000 STOVE
and GREENrOUSE PLANTS, remarkably well-grown and in
the best possnle condition, including :—

22,000 Erica hyemalis and su-
perba, in 48's, and 32's
4,000 Erica gracilis, in 48's
30,000 Genistas
5,<.00 Ventricosa and other
Heaths, in 48's and 32'fl

20,000 Ferns, all of the most
usefii market sorts,
and aany novelties.

10,000 Tree Carnations, inclu-
ding! fine lot of Mrs.
Reyrjlds Hole, Mdlle.
Earl, A. Alegatierre,
Andtusia, Old Crim-
son Cove, &,c.

50,000 small Heaths, for pot-
ting on
2,000 Miss Joliffe Carnations
2,000 Adiantum cuneatum
7,000 Tea Roses, all best
varieties

2,000 Cavendishii
5,000 Mixed Ferns in 48's
1,000 Double Primulas
1,000 Cyclamen
2,000 Roses in 24's and 48'a
1,000 Poinsettiaa
2,000 Solanums
Plants, including PALMS,

Tea Roses in Pots, Marechal
Niel, Gloire de Dijon,
and W. A. Richardson.

10,000 Bouvardias, including
President Cleveland,
Mrs, Robert Green
(new) ; Jasminoides,
Candidissima.

6000 Genistas, fine bushy stuff.

Crotons, Dratenas, Eucharis amazonica, Aralias, Statices,
Euphorbia Jaquimteflora, &c, Ampelopsis Veitchii, Clematis,
and Ivies, Cycimen, Double White Primulas, English-grown
Camellias, welset with buds; Azaleas, forward in, and for
early forcing ; "icus elastica, Aralia Sieboldii, small Heaths,
Genistas, Bouvrdia-t, &c, for growing on, and a great variety
of other useful dants.

May be viewt any day previous to the Sale. Catalogues
may be obtaine on the Premises ; and of the Auctioneers, 67
and 68, Cheapiie, E.C, and Leytonstoue.

Lee, Kent, S.E.
GREAT ANNUL SALE, to commence punctually at 11
o'Clock, the; being upwards of 1200 lots to Sell in one
day.

MESSRS. 'ROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed^ Messrs. B. Mailer & Sons to SELL by
AUCTION, on U Premises, the Burnt Ash Lane Nurseries,
Lee, Kent, S.E.,djoining the Lee Railway Station, S.E.R.,
on TUESDAY, Sitember n.atll o'clock punctually, without
reserve, a large cantity of remarkably well-grown WINTER
BLOOMING HE/HS, and other STOVE and GREENHOUSE
PLANTS, consist^ of,—

Palms, Pandanus Veitchii, Adiantum Farleyense, and other
Stock.

The Stock may now be viewed. Catalogues obtained of
Mr. Ladds, on the Premises ; and of the ^Auctioneers, 67 and
68, Cheapside, E.C, and Leytonstone.

Sldcup, Kent.

About ten minutes' walk from New Eltham, (late Pope
Street) Station, S. E. Railway.
GREAT ANNUAL TRADE SALEof winter bloomingHEATHS,
particularly well-grown and beautifully set with flowers.

\;f ESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are

X*JL instructed by Messrs. Gregory and Evans to SELL by
AUCTION, without reserve, on the premises, The Longlands
Nursery, Sidcup, S.E., on THURSDAY, September 12, at 11
o'Clock precisely, inconsequence of the great number of LOTS,
an enormous quantity of unusually well-grown plants, com-
prising

i'5,000 Winter Flowering

Heaths
5.000 Ventricosa, of sorts
2,500 small Ferns for growing

on, including Pteris cris-

tata, P. Mayii, P. compacta,

P. Argyrea, Lomasii Gibba

Large quantities of Mixed
FICUS. DRACiENAS, &c.

May be viewed. Catalogues had on the premises, and of the
Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, F.C., and Leytonstone.

600 Cyclamen
1,500 Epacris

800 Boronia megastigma
5,000 Genistas
3,000 Solanum capsicastrum,

well berried
2,500 Bourvardias
1,000 Adiantum cuneatum

500 Lomaria gibba

800 Tea Roses (in pots)

500 Aralia Sieboldii

20,000 Erica hyenlis
5,000 ,, gracil
2,000 ,, Cavenshii
1,000 ,, cocciu minor
600 „ caffra
600 ,. melanera, all
well set ith bloom-
buds
2,500 Grevillea rusta
1,000 Ampelopsiseitchii
34 Camellias, pcimens

with a large quanyof young Erica hyemalis, E. Cavendishii,
E. gracilis, and hers; also Genistas, all in 60-pots for
growing on.

The Stock is n' on view. Catalogues may be had on the
Premises; at the>ed Warehouse, 61, High Street, Lewis-
ham, S.E.; and ■ the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68,
Cheapside, LondoiE.C.

,ea Bridge Road, E.

Annual Unreved Sale of fine Winter-flowering
HEATHS, &c.

ESSRS. ROTHEROE and MORRIS

12,000 Erica hyema
3,000 Tree Carnatij
4,000 Erica gracili
6,000 Genista frags
6,000 Ampelopsis eitchii,

4 feet
2,000 Epacris
2,000 Lapageria msuperba
6,000 Cyclamen ersicum

(Fraser's superlrain)
2,000 Passirlora nstance

Elliot and cceru
1,000 Variegated i other

Ivies

AUCTION, on tlieremises, the Lea Bridge Nurseries, Lea
Bridge Road, Leyi, E. (close to the Hoe Street Station,
Great Eastern Raiiy), on WEDNESDAY, September 18, at
11 o'Clock precise! in consequence of the large number of
lots, a large quany of WINTER-FLOWERING and other
PLANTS, includinr-

2,000 MareYhal Niel, Gloire de

Dijon, William Allen

Richardson, and other

Roses, 8 to 10 feet

6,000 Clematis Jockmanii, and

other best-named sorts
1,000 Deutzia gracilis, esta-
blished in pots
6,000 Bouvardias, including a
lot of "President Cleve-
land "
5,000 Solanums, beautifully

berried
1,000 Clematis indivisa lobata
and a great numbof Araucaria excelsa, Erica perspicua
erecta, Erica caff rarge- flowering white Jasmines, Honey-
suckles, Stephano rloribunda, Ivy-leaved Geraniums,
Boronia megastigmnd heterophylla, Escallonia macrantha,
Gum Cistus, Japac Honeysuckles, Ceanothus, and other
plants. Also a largiantity of young Heaths and Genistas,
for potting on.

The whole of the ck is in the best condition, and ready for
immediate sale.

Hoe Street St-on, on the Great Eastern Railway, is
within a short dista of the Nursery. Train from Liverpool
Street every half-ho

May be viewed, alogues had on the Premises ; and of
the Auctioneers, 67nd 68, Cheapside, London, E.C, and
Leytonstone, E.

leld Highway, N.

The Brimsdt Nursery, adjoining Brimsdown
station, G. E. R.
Twenty-first ANNL TRADE SALE of STOVE and
GREENHOUSHANTS. The Sale to commence punc-
tually at 11 o'C, there being upwards of 1200 Lots to
Sell in one day.

MESSRS. FTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed br. J. Mailer to SELL by AUCTION, on
the Premises, The lisdown Nursery, Green Street, Enfield
Highway, N., adjoi; the Brimsdown Station, G. E. R. on
THURSDAY, Septer 19, at half-past 10 for 11 o'Clock
Cnued on next eolumn.

Continued from previous column.

punctually, in consequence of the large number of Lots large

quantities of remarkably well-grown STOVE and GREEV

HOUSE PLANTS, comprising :—

15,000 Winter- blooming
Heaths, including hye-
malis, gracilis, caffra,

Wilmorea, ventricosaa
in variety, &c.

5,000 Solanums, exception-
ally well-grown and
berried

5,000 Ferns, Adiantums, Lo-
marias, Pteris, &c.

3,000 Tree and other Carna-
tions, leading varieties,
including 200 " Ger-
mania "

7,000 Epacris to name

5,000 Bouvardias, including
President Cleveland,

\ ulcan, and other best
varieties

1,000 Grevillea robusta

5.000 Genistas

1,000 double white Primulas

1,000 Stove and Greenhouse
Climbers
Dipladenias of sorts

1,000 Passiflora

2,000 Ampelopsis Veitchii
500 Crotons, beautifully

coloured
150 Chrysanthemum Mrs.
Alphtcus, hardy strong
plants in. 48's, Palms,
Ficus, Camellias, and
Azaleas for cutting

Many thousands of small Ericas, Genistas, Ferns. &c.

Large quantities of Acacias, Gardenias, Euphorbia jacjuini-
flora. Geraniums, Chrysanthemums, Poinsettiaa, Euonymus
ovatus aureus, &c, suitable for the Trade and other extensive
Buyers.

May be viewed. Catalogues had on the Premises, and also
at the Brunswick Nursery, Tottenham ; and of the Auc-
tioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C, and Leytonstone.

N.B.— The whole of the Stock is in first-rate condition, the
Ericas being especially well set for flowers, and the Solanumj
unusually well berried.

rPO BE SOLD, a bargain! ! ! A grand old

A NURSERY, in the West of England. Established up-
wards of a century, containing about 20 acres of rich fertile
Soil, enjoying special climatic advantages, splendid young
Stock, nearly 40,009 feet super of Glass, Trade Buildings, large
and commodious Dwelling House. Held on lease. Incoming i
£3500. B

Apply for particulars to Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS* |
Auctioneersand Land Agents, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London E.C .* j]

=^==^= |

WANTED TO RENT, a GARDEN, one to f
two acres with Glass, near a railway station, within |
twenty miles of Covent Garden. Particulars and terms to
A. F., care of Mr. Evdmann, 1, Holly Road, Chiswick.

Garden Wanted.

TO LEASE or BUY, an acre or acre and
half of GROUND, Orchard wiih Cottage preferred, not
more than forty minutes from London, on either Waterloo or
Victoria lines, with or without glass.

GARDEN, 29, Ashley Place, S.W.

WANTED, TO RENT, a GARDEN and
GREENHOUSES, or Small Nursery, South or West
of England preferred, suitable for Growing for Market.

State particulars, rent, Sec, GARDENER, Mr. Elliott, 2,
Trinity Road, Jersey.

FOR SALE, £180, or offer, UPTON NUR-
SERY, 6 Houses, the property of Lessee; 21 years' Lease ;
about an acre of Ground. Easy terms.

Apply, Upton Nursery, Upton Lane, Forest Gate, E.

ryO BE SOLD, a NURSERY, with Residence,

A three-quarters of an acre, near the Clapharu Road
Terminus of the City aud Southwark Subway. Apply to
.7. STANDEN ADKINS, Architect, 6, Upcerne Road, S.W.

UOR SALE, a Freehold NURSERY GROUND,

JL together with Goodwill of Business, and the Plants, in
consequence of a death. Price £575 for everything. Four long
Greenhouses, 4-roomed Cottage, &c. Apply to

WALFORD and WILSHIN, Auctioneers, Anerley, S.E.

Extensive and desirable Nursery Business for Sale,

at Annan, Dumfriesshire.

The Nurseries extend to 54 acres or thereby, 8 acres being
held on lease from Mrs. Clarke of Galabanks, which expires at
Candlemas, 1890, and 46 acres belonging to the trustees of the
late Mr. Palmer, with whom arrangements could be made for
a Lease on very moderate terms.

The Nurseries are in the highest state of cultivation, and
the Stock is exceptionally healthy aud good. It consists of
seedling and transplanted Forest Trees ; seedling and bedding
Shrubs of all sorts; and a fine collection of good growing
Conifers ; with ornamental Trees, and Roses of the finest and
most varied sorts. There is also a fine and varied stock of Fruit
and other Trees, all in excellent growth and in great demand.
In connection with the Nurseries, there are Sheds and Grounds
set apart and completely fitted up, for propagating and other
purposes.

The Nurseries are situated close to the Station of Annan, on
the main line of the Glasgow and South- Western Railway ;
and also near to the Station, on the line of the Caledonian
Railway Company.

This excellent situation affords a Vl ry ready and advantageous
outlet to all the English and Scotch Markets, and is one of the
great advantages which these Nurseries possess. There is also
a convenient outlet into Cumberland and the West Coast, by
the Solway Junction Railway.'

Application for any further particulars may be made to
Messrs. BROWN AND LITTLE, British Linen Company Bank,
Annan, who will arrange for inspection of the Nurseries.

FLORISTS, FRUITERERS, and SEED
BUSINESS, in a large town in Hampshire. Handsome
frontage, splendid connection. Trade approaching £2500 a year,
at high profits. Price, including Greenhouses, Stoves, Horse,
Trap, Stock, and everything as a going concern, about £1100.

Full particulars can be obtained of Messrs. DAVIS AND
BENNETT, 25, Portland Street, Southampton,

August 31, 1S89.]

THE GARDENERS1 CHRONICLE.

235

Great Attraction to Lovers of Fruit and Flowers.

RESIDENCE (pretty old-fashioned, large,
detached), in excellent order. 16 Booms (with every
nrnfortfrraV ng-rooms, Dining. Library Kitchens, &c, all
on around floor, and 9 Bedrooms. Splendid views, Bathroom,
°F,,iit Orchards, extensive Gardens, abundance of delicious
Frlit Conservatories, Stables. Cowhouses, &c. Great bargam.
Il"oner annum ; or with less ground, £95. Worthy immediate
injection. Might be let furnished.

Apply, A., Woodville, Welling, near Bexley Heath.

TO BE LET for Christmas Next, the well-
aooointed family residence BAGOT MANOE, within a
., "?K iieliert Jersev, with all its Vineries and Green-
? .«la' intensive Fruit Plantations of upwards of 50.000
chofce Pear tSs now in full bearing. The property is
uivded into three sections, surrounded with high walls,
extending over two miles, on which grow choice Fruit Trees

a'?rr™5 ^"cTntains the family Besidence, with Orna-
^.ntil Trees' Flower Gardens. Conservatory, and extensive
On ho. "s Coach-house and Stables. Packing and Fruit
Rooms walled Kitchen Garden, 7 Greenhouses and Vineries,
ind 7 acres of Fruit Plantation and Gardener's Cottage.

No 2 —Contains 11 acres of Fruit Plantation laid out ,n
squares,' edged by Strawberry and Asparagus Plants, all of
which is completely walled in. ......

No 3 —Contains 3£ acres, most of which is also planted with
choice Trees in full bearing, all completely walled in.

For particulars, apply to G. P. BENEST, House and Estate
Agent, 18, Queen Street, Jersey.

To Nurserymen, Florists, and Others.

TO BE LET, at Brentwood, in the midst of a
high-class residential neighbourhood, a large piece of
LAND, upon which are a small House and Shop, and several
Greenhouses. The rent is moderate, and to a practical man
with a knowledge of the Cut Flower Trade, a first-rate oppor-
tunity offers itself for establishing a lucrative business. An
allowance would be made by the landlord towards necessary
repairs.

For particulars, apply to ALFRED RICHARDS, Auctioneer
ind Land Agent, 8, New Broad Street, London, E.C.

Channel Islands.

TO LET, Highfield, St. Saviour's, Jersey,
delightful RESIDENCE, with 15 Green and Hot Houses,
in full bearing.

Particulars, Mrs. BRAYN, on Premises.

GRASS LAND TO LET, 1 to 10 Acres,
suitable for Nurserymen and others, on Lease, 7, 14, or
21 years. Bent £12 per acre, with the option of the Purchase
Df Freehold within the first seven years. No Tithe or Land
Tax. Near the main road, Enfield Highway, about 9 miles
from London, and ten minutes from Eailway Station.

Apply HENRY MOORE, 59, Bishopsgate Street Within.

TO BE LET, at Michaelmas next, the
PILTDOWN NURSERIES, Maresfield, Sussex, 2| miles
Ironi Uckfield Station (L. B. and S. Coast Railway), and a
ittle more from Buxted and Sheffield Park Stations.

These Nurseries were for many years owned and occupied by
the late Mr. James Mitchell, one of the most successful
■xhibitors of Boses of his day, and (hey are particularly suit-
ible for their growth. They are also well adapted for all kinds
3f Coniferee and Flowering Shrubs, and Fruit and Forest Trees.
They are about 15 Acres in extent.

The Nurseries are well stocked with Roses of the best kinds,
Ornamental Shrubs, Fruit and Forest Trees, &c. It has been
'or five years, and is now in the occupation of Mr. G. W. Piper.

They are an easy distance from the Stations on the London,
Brighton, and South-Coast Railway, on the direct Tunbridge
iWells and Brighton Line, and are therefore in direct railway
communication with these towns, as well as Lewes, Hastings,
and Eastbourne.

For full particulars, and to view, apply to MAEK SAND-
IFORD, Estate Agent, Maresfield, near Uckfield, Sussex.

VA L U A T I O N.— Wanted a thoroughly
competent Man to place a value for a probable Purchaser
on a few acres of Land, a Besidence, Outrbuildings, and large
Vineries, in Sussex. State terms to

W. GOULD, 13, York Buildings, Adelphi, W.C.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

(JOHN COWAN),

Make SPECIALTIES of

Limited,

the following :—

ORCHIDS, of which they have an immense stock, and they are
constantly receiving fresh importations from various parts
of the world.

ORCHID BASKETS, made of the best Teak and Copper Wire.

COWAN'S PATENT ORCHID POTTERY, which should be
used for all Orchids.

ORCHID PEAT Of best quality. Sphagnum MOSS. Best
Wood CHARCOAL.

TEA and Other ROSES In pots. The Company have a
large and splendid stock, all healthy and vigorous.

FERNS, a large and line stock of the leading kinds.

GRAPE VINES. Ti-e Company's Stock is, as usual, unsur-
passed by any in the country. Strong Vines raised from
eyes this season, fit for immediate planting.

ROMAN HYACINTHS, 1st size, 5 to 8£ inches circumference,

17*.6d.p.lO0; 2ndsize, 15s. p. 100; 3rd size, 12s. 6d. p. 100.

The Company offer all the above at the lowest possible

prices. New Illustrated LIST, post-free, on application to

THE VINEYARD AND NURSERIES,
GAESTON, LIVERPOOL.

Royal Parks. -Grass Seeds. _ _. „

THE COMMISSIONERS of H.M. WORKS,
&c, are prepared to EECEIVE TENDEBS for the
SUPPLY of GBASS SEEDS for use in the Boyal Parks, &c,
during the year 1890. Forms of Tender, containing full par-
ticulars, may be obtained at this Office any day excepting
Saturday between the hours of 12 and 3.

Tenders are to be delivered before 12 o'clock noon on
FRIDAY, the 20th September, addressed to "The Secretary,
H.M. Office of Works, &c, 12, Whitehall Place, London,
S.W.," and endorsed " Tender for Grass Seeds, Royal
Parks, &c."

The Commissioners do not bind themselves to accept the
lowest or any Tender.

H. W. PRIMROSE, Secretary.

H.M. Office of Works, &c— 28th August, 1889.

GENISTAS.— For Sale, a few thousands, in
3-inch pots, at 9s. per 100 ; fine bushy plants, in 40-pots,
5s. per dozen.

Cash with order to be made payable at High Street,
Leyton.

T. BALDWIN AND SON,
Edith Nursery, Burchall Road, Leyton.

The Best Present for a Gardener.
INES and VINE CULTURE.

The most complete and exhaustive Treatise on

Grapes and their Culture ever published.

New Edition.

Price 5s., post-free 5s. Qd,

A. F. BARRON, Royal Horticultural Society, Chiswick.

HARTLAND'S GOLDEN QUILLED
DOUBLE PERENNIAL SUNFLOWER.— Now is the
time to ask for a sixpenny box of Specimen Blooms, to prevent
any hitherto implied imposition, and get orders booked for
November delivery. Within the entire range of hardy
perennials. There is nothing finer. Its colour and floret-
formation in appearance like an immense bloom of Madame
Domage Chrysanthemum, or the very finest form of orange
African Marigold. Quite distinct.
Plants at fall, Is. &d. each, with 3d. extra to cover postage.
W. BAYLOR HARTLAND, Seedsman, Cork.

pHARLESWORTH, SHUTTLEWORTH

\J and CO., Orchid Importers and Growers, Heaton,
Bradford, Yorks, and 191, Park Road. Clapham. S.W.— Mr. J.
Charlesworth, having purchased the Business and Stock of
Messrs. Shuttleworth, Carder& Co., 191, Park Road, Clapham,
S.W., begs to inform his Customers that he has taken into
Partnership Mr. E. Shuttleworth, [and his Manager, Mr. R.
Eichel. The Business will be carried on both at Bradford and
Clapham, and will Trade as Orchid Importers and Growers in
future under the name of "CHARLESWORTH, SHUTTLE-
WORTH AND CO.," trusting for a continuance of your favours.
August, 1889.

OA AAA CLEMATIS, in Pots, of all the

OV/^V/V/l/ finest Double and Single Varieties (some
of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of
every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for
climbing and bedding, from 12s. to 24s. per dozen, strong
plants; extra strong plants, repotted into 5£-inch pots, 2s. 6a.
each; Beauty of Worcester, a magnificent purple, excellent
for bedding, recently sent out by us, reduced price 2s. Qd. each.
Descriptive LIST on application.— RICHARD SMITH AND CO.,
Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester.

ODONTOCLOSSUM ROEZLII.

HEATH & SON

Have a fine Importation of the above just
arrived. Prices on application.

SPHAGNUM MOSS,

picked to order, 5s. per sack.

ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERIES,
CHELTENHAM.

STRAWBERRIES.

Strong Boots, 4s. per 100. Plants in small pots. 16j. per 100 ;
ditto, in large pots, 25s. per 100. Descriptive LIST free.
BICHARD SMITH AMD CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants,
Worcester.

Gl ENUINE GARDEN REQUISITES,
r as supplied to Boyal Gardens, &c.

SPECIALITE TOBACCO PAPER, the best and strongest in
the market, 10<i. per lb.. 28 lbs. for 21s.

SELECT ORCHID PEAT. 8s. per sack. 6 for 35s.
SOILS and MANUBES of finest quality, and GEHEEAL
SUNDBIES. Price list free.

W. HERBERT and Co., Hop Exchange Warehouses, South-
wark Street, London, S.E.

CUBRAN'S EUCHARIS MITE KILLER.

Prices :— J pint. Is. id. ; 1 pint, 2s. id. ; 1 quart, 4s. 6o". ;
i gallon, 7s. id. ; 1 gallon, 12s. id.

Ask your seedsman for it, or apply to
WM. CLLBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altxincham;
10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.

ORCHID PEAT, best quality; BROWN
FLBROUS PEAT for Stove and Greenhouse use. EHO-
DODENDRON and AZALEA PEAT. Samples and Prices to
WALKER AND CO., Farnborough, Hants.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE. — Newly
made, the same as supplied to the Royal Horticultural
Society. Truck-load of 2 tons, £1 ; free on to Bail, L. B. S. C.
and S. E., £1 5s. ; in Bags, 20, 15s. ; 40, £1 8s. Cash with order.
J. STEVENS AND CO., 153. High Street. Battersea, S.W.

T EMON OIL INSECTICIDE.—

-Li The best of all preparations for easily, cheaply, and
effectually cleaning Plants from Green-fly, Thrip Scale, Bug,
&c. Follow the directions, and you will always use it.

Pint, Is. Qd. ; quart, 2s. 9rf. ; j gallon, 6s. ; 1 gallon, Qs. ; 4
gallons, 34s. Ask your seedsman for it, or apply to

WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham;
10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.

Wasps and Files.
Protect your Fruit from these pests by using

DAVIS'S WASP DESTROYER, Post-free,
Is. 9d. and 2s. Qd. per bottle, with full directions— a
certain remedy.

BEGONIAS (a Specialty) are now in full bloom, and will con-

tinue until the frost. A sight once seen never to be forgotten.

B. R. DAVIS, Yeovil Nurseries, Yeovil, Somerset.

qwm «iuL-nk

GARDEN
REQUISITES.

Two Prize Medals.

Quality, THE BEST In the Market. (All sacks included.)

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process),
sacks, Is. id. each; 10sacks,12s.6rf.; 15sacks,17s.6<i., 20sackst
20s. ; 25 sacks, 24s. ; 30 sacks, 27s. ; 40 sacks, 35s. ; 50 sacks,
40s. ; Truck-load, loose, free on rail, 30s. Limited quantities
of G., special quality, granulated in sacks only, 2s. 6d. each.

GENUINE ORCHID PEAT, 8s. Qd. per sack ; 5 sacks, 40s. ;
BEST BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. per sack ; 5 for 22s. 6d.
BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 4s. Qd. per sack ; 5 for 20s.
COARSE SILVER SAND, Is. Qd. per bushel ; 14s. half ton ;
24s. per ton. Yellow Fibrous Loam, Compost, Leaf and Peat
Mould, Is. per bushel. Tobacco Cloth or Paper, Is. per lb.
Special Manures, Peat-Moss Litter, Crushed Bones, Virgin
Cork, &c., &c. Write for Price List.

Terms strictly Cash with, order.
CHUBB, ROUND & CO., West Ferry Road, MUlwall,

London, E. Bankers— Union Bank of London.

THE

Normal Fertiliser

For GEEENHOUSE or GABDEN.

„ . 7 lb. 14 lb. 28 lb. 56 lb. 1 cwt.

Price :— 2j gs 6rf_ 5s_ gd 9j_ lis

And in id. and Is. packets.

To be had of Seedsmen and Florists, or the NOBMAL

MANURE COMPANY. Ltd., 121, Bishopsgate Street Within,

E.C, and Famham Boad, Guildford. Usual Trade Discounts.

WholesaleofMessrs.HUESTA»DSON.152,Houndsditch,London

HUGHES' Soluble

Fir Tree OIL

FLORISTS & NURSERYMEN SHOULD ALL USE IT

Used in the water for Washing Fabrics— it acts as a Disin-
fectant, Bleacher and Cleanser, and should always be used for
Washing Fine Linen Goods.

It kills Insect life on Man, Animals, Birds and Plants, with-
out any fear of injurious effects. It is invaluable for all
Animals and Birds when they are washed.

Sold by all Seedsmen and Chemists, 1/6, 2/6, 4/6 ; ^-Gallon
7/6, 1-Gallon 12/6, or less in larger quantities.

A Treatise on FIR TREE OIL as an INSECTICIDE, its
application to Plants and Animals, sent Post free on
application to
E. G. HUGHES, Victoria-St., Manchester.

Wholesale from Messrs. Hooper & Co. ; Corry, Soper
& Co. ; Osman & Co., and all the Seed Merchants and Patent
Medicine Houses in London.

NEW YORK— Rolker & Soys.

SAVE HALF THE COST.

GARSIDE'S ™ M
-*- SILVER SAND

Is admitted by the leading Nurserymen to be the Best
Quality obtainable in the Trade.

Apply direct to the Proprietor for Samples and Prioe.
Free on Rail or Canal. All Orders executed with the utmost
promptness and under personal supervision. Special Bail-
way Bates in force to all parts.

GEO. GAKSIDE, Jun„ F.R.H.S., Lelehton Buzzard, Beds.

236

THE GARDE NEBS' CHRONICLE.

[August 31, 188P.

STRAWBERRY
PLANTS.

We have a grand stock of Strawberry
Plants now ready, including all the choicest
varieties, which toe offer in strong prepared
runners, Carriage Free. Perioo.

LAXTON'S NOBLE, the superb new early, the s d
best variety yet seDt out . . . per doz. , 3s. M u
A. F. BARRON, splendid new mid-season

variety P*>r Aal- Bs: J0 °

COMMANDER, very fine, new sort, of splendid

favour per doz., 5s. 30 0

WATERLOO, superb dark crimson ... per doz.. Is. 7 b
THE CAPTAIN, fine new prolific ... per doz.. Is. b U

'I'll.- following at 9d. per iloz.. or As. per 100 :—
AUGUSTE NICA1SE, PRESIDENT, „„_„„„,

BRITISH QUEEN, LOXFORD HALL SEEDLINo,
DR HOGG THE AMATEUR,

JAMES VEITCH, FROGMORE LATE FINE,

and many others.
100 in 10 choice varieties, our selection, 5s. 6d.
1000 in 10 ., „ ., ii 35s-

BULBS

FOR EARLY FORCING.

Carriage Free. Per 100.— s. d.

HYACINTHS, early white Roman per doz., 2s. 14 0
extra fine bulbs ... per doz., 2s. id. 17 6

NARCISSUS, Paper White, fine bulbs

per doz.. Is. id. 10 b
new large flowered ... per doz., 2s. id. 15 0

Double Roman, fine roots per doz.. Is. id. 10 b
LILIUM HARRISI (the Bermuda Eastern Lily). Long
pure white deliciously scented trumpet flowers, superb
variety for forcing. Potted now may be had in bloom
at Christmas and the new year.
Fine selected bulbs, per doz., 7s. id. ; per 100, 56s.
Extra fine bulbs, 7 to 9 inches in circumference, per doz ,
10s. 6rf. ; per 100, 80s.

Our CATALOGUE of Dutch Flower
Boots, Roses, Fruit Trees, $c , is now ready,
and may be had free on application.

DANIELS BROS.,

TOWN CLOSE NURSERIES,

NORWICH.

RHUBARB.— 20,000 large Boots, ten years
old suitable for forcing. £1 per 100, on rail. Cash with
order. J. J. CLARK, West Brighton, Sussex.

DUTCH BULBS CHEAP !

FRENCH BULBS CHEAP !

ENGLISH BULBS CHEAP !

See our Special Wiolesale Catalogue of Bulbs,

rnntaii.iim List of all the best varieties of HYACINTHS,

TLTLIPS, CROCUS, LILIUMS, DAFFODILS, SNOWDROPS,

IRIS, Sec., &c, free on application.

Please compare our Prices before sending your Orders abroad.

WATKTnS & SIMPSON,

Seed a>d Br lb Merchants,

Exeter Street, Strand, London, W.C.

STRAWBERRY

PLANTS.

RIGOROUS, Hand-
» laid Runners and
Plants in pots. New and
best varieties.

Catalogue on application.

DICKSONS,

(Limited).

THE
NURSERIES,

CHESTER.

CUTBUSH'S MILL-
track MUSHROOM SPAWN.
— Too well known to require descrip-
tion. Price 6*. per bushel ■ Is. extra
per bushel for package), or <bd. per
cake; free by parcel post. Is.

None genuine unless in sealed pack-
ages and printed cultural directions
enclosed, with our signature at tached.
i WM. CUT BUSH and SON,
Nurnerymen and Seed Merchants,
Highgate Nurseries, N.

IMPORTANT TO GENTLEMEN

-L Stocking New Houses, adding to Collections of Stove and
Greenhouse Plants, or Ferns. A CATALOGUE of 134 Pages,
which includes Lists of all the finest Stove and Greenhouse
Plants, Orchids, and Ferns, may be had post-free for 3 stamps.

12 Fine STOVE PLANTS, 12s., 18s.

12 ,. GREENHOUSE PLANTS, 9s., 18s.

12 Distinct STOVE and GREENHOUSE FERNS, 9s. or 18s.

12 Fine ORCHIDS, for Cool or Hothouses, 42s., 63s.

An immense stock of Plants on hand, an inspection invited
before buying elsewhere.

WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham ;
10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.

STRAWBERRY RUNNERS for FRUITING
NEXT SEASON.— Thury, Paiton, President, and other
favourite varieties. Descriptive LIST, with prices, on appli-
cation. Sample of plants, post-free, 3d.

W. LOVELL AND SON, Strawberry Planters, Driffield.

STRAWBERRIES.— Leading kinds, in 3A-inch
pots, for immediate Planting or Potting on for Forcing.
Send for LIST.

FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Sheen Nurseries, Richmond,
Surrey ; and Flower Market, Covent Garden, W.C.

Q T R A W B 13 R It I E S .

O LAXTON'S " NOBLE." small pots, 20s. per 100, 3s. per
dozen ; runners, 12s. per 100.

PRESIDENT, 1 well rooted runners, 10s. per 1000.

DU T11UKY, Mil small pots. 12s. per 100, 90s. per 1000.

PAXTON. ) out small pots, 10s. per 100, 75s. per 1000.

PRIMROSE, " Hardy's Grand Hybrid Novelties," very large
flowers, about 30 splendid colours, pure white to dark crimson,
allowed by competent judges to be the very best and handsomest
grown, fis. per 100, 45s. per 1000.

POLYANTHUS, Hardy's finest selected, gold-laced, show
flowers, 5s. per 100, 45s per 1000.

Cash, package free ; extra plants sent for carriage.
H. I. HARDY,F.R.H.S.,StourValley Nurseries, Bures, Suffolk.

«~F\ E M S " — " G EM S " — " G E M S "

\JT of Choice Stove Plants.

OXERA PULCHELLA — dense clusters, 8 to 10 inches
across, of pure white, funnel-shaped flowers, about 2 inches
long and 1 inch across. Flowers in winter very lasting,
graceful and beautiful. 5s.

SCHUBERTIA GRANDIFLORA— flowers white with de-
lightful, almond-like fragrance, produced in large trusses,
similar to Stephanotis. Excellent for cutting. 2s. id. and 3s. id.

STEPHANOTIS FLORIBUNDA— the finest variety in cul-
tivation, and freest bloomer, flowering at every joint, and
blooms in a lower temperature than any other variety we
know. Is., Is. id.. 2s. id., 3s. id., 6s. ; and fine specimens,
21s., 31s. id., and 40s. each.

STIGMAPHYLLUM CILIATUM (Golden Vine) — flowers
rich orauge, similar to the lovely Orchid Oucidium flexuosum.
Very disiinct. 2s. id. each.

TOXICOPHL/EA SPECTABILIS (Winter Sweet) — large
dense sprays of white flowers, sweetly perfumed. Beautiful
winter-flowering plant. 2s. id. and 3s. id. each.

GLONERA JASMINIFLORA— one of the most beautiful
white-flowering plants foreither cuttingor decoration. Blooms
in the winter or early spring, and worthy of a place in the
most select collection. 2s. id. and 3s. id.

CATALOGUES of these, and all you want for a Garden free,
by post from

WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham ;
10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.

Rare opportunity for securing a fine Collection of
IJTOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS,

O consisting of Achimenes, /Echmea, Agapanthus, Alla-
mandas, Amar> Hi.-, Anthurium (very tine), Aralia, Begonia (foli-
age and (lowering), Bougainvillea, Bouvardia, Crotons, Uieffen-
bachia, Euphorbia, Ferns, Gardenia, Hoy a, Ixora, Justicia,
Lasiandra, Maranta (very fine). Orchids, l'andanus, Paulliuia,
Poinsettia, Sanchezia, Stephanotis, Tube rmem on tana, Vallota,
and many others.— F. H. WILLIAMS, The Chantry, Enfield.

AMAZONIAN ORCHIDS. — Collections of
1 du/nn good-sized flowering plants established generally
on blocks. Cattleyas superba splendena. El Dorado (in variety),
luteola, Coryanthes, Scuticaua, Galeandras, Paphinias, Epi-
dr*ndrum, Oucidium, Stanhopea ehurnea, Rodriguezia,
Schomburgkia, Erassias, Braaavolas, Cutasetums, Sobralius,
Gungoras.

Delivered at Liverpool at steamer for £t5 per dozen. Freight
and picking free. All orders must contain draft for amount
on Para" Branch of English Hank of Kiode Janeiro (London
Office, 2a, Moorgate Street, E.G.). to which Baufe reference is
made.

C. E. HERBERT AND CO., Parfi, Brazil.
Caixa no correio 151 .

CINERARIAS, Is. <*/. per dozen.
Herbaceous CALCEOLARIAS, of an extra superb strain,
of our own saving, large flowers, rich aud varied colours,
beautiful form, 2*. per dozen; Seed, Is. tit/,, 2s. Qd. per packet.
Good Plants ready for potting.

BOUVARDIAS, fine plants, in 2£ pots, ready for potting on for
winter flowering, in good and varied sorts, to name, 3s. per doz.

CYCLAMEN, of an extra fine strain, of our own saving, good
plants for potting on, 3s. and 4s, per dozen. The chief merit of
this strain is the vigour of growth, varied colours, and freedom.

GERANIUMS, for winter flowering, strong young plants,
ready to pot now into large pots to establish for blooming in
October and November, finest named kinds, 4s. and 6s. per doz.,
double or single.

CATALOGUE of all you want for a Garden, free for 3 stamps.

WM. CLIBRAN AND SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham ;
10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.

BULBS— BULBS— BULBS.— Our early im-
portationsare now to hand in first-rate condition. Roman
Hyacinth?, splendid, 14s. to lbs. per 100. Polyanthus Narcissus
Paper White, 5s. per 100; Early Roman, 6s. per 100; Grand
Primo, 6s. 6d. per 100. Garden Hyacinths, 10s. per 100; Pot
kinds, 2s. tjd, per dozen; first size, finest quality for show, 4s.
to 6s. per dozen. Garden Narcissus, a speciality, mo>t of the
varieties Home grown. Iris hispanica, this lovely gem, Is. tW.
per 100. CATA LOG UES free.

Orders despatched promptly.
J. R. PEARSON and SONS, Chilwell Nurseries, Notts.

WEBBS'

EARLY FORCING

FLOWER ROOTS.

ROMAN HYACINTHS.

EARLY WHITE Selected Roots 23. per doz.

Ditto 153. per 100.

FINEST NAMED HYACINTHS 63 to 12s. per doz

POLYANTHUS NARCISSUS.

DOUBLE ROMAN
PAPER WHITE

3d. each. Is. 6d. per doz.
3d. each, Is. 6d. per do/..

EARLY TULIPS.

DUC VAN THOL. Single, Scarlet and Yellow,

9d. per doz., 53. per 100.
Ditto Double Ditto 8d. per doz., 3s. 6d. per 100.

WEBBS'BULB CATALOGUE,

Beautifully Illustrated, and containing complete

Cultural Instructions,

Now Ready, Gratis and Post-free.

Seedamen by Royal Warrants to H.M. the Queen
and H.R.H. the Prince of Wales.

WORDSLEY, STOURBRIDGE.

GERANIUM CUTTINGS.— Queen of Whites
Improved and F. V. Raspail. Strong, hard cuttings,
25s. per 1000; 20s. per 1000, in quantities of 5000 and upwards.
LADDS, Swanley Junction, Kent.

RIMULAS, Double White, in middle 60 pots,

ready for potting into 48'9, at 25s. per 100.
JAMES OVER, Florist, Mitcham, S.W.

BMALLER and SONS beg to offer to the
• Trade a very extensive and unusually well grown stock
of ERICAS (hyemalis and other varieties). EPACRIS, SOU-
NUMS, GENISTAS, CYCLAMEN, BOUVASDIAS. ADIAN-
TUM CUNEATUM, and other Ferns, GARDENIAS, STK-
PHANOTIS, FICUS ELASTICA. CROTONS. GRF.VILLE4S.
TEA ROSES (in pots), BORONIA MEGASTIGJIA, VINES
(in pot*), &c. An inspection is invited.

Trade CATALOGUES forwarded on application.
The ANNUAL SALE by AUCTION will be held on
TUESDAY, September 17.

Burnt Ash Lane Nurseries, Lee, S.E.

|> O S E S I N P O T S.

L\j TEAS and NOISETTES, of the finest varieties for in-
door blooming, good plants, in 5-inch pots, put for preparing
for winter iiuwers, 15s. per dozen, in 12 varieties if required.
Stronger plants in 6$-inch pots, 24s., 30a. per dozen.

Fine H.P. ROSES, established in pots, very fine either to
pot or for forcing next spring, or for planting out in beds now,
18a. per dozen, worth 30s.

CLEMATES, in the tine-t sorts, all named, 9s. and 15s. per doz.

Fine Hardy CLIMBERS, for Trellises, Arbours, Rockeries,
all good plants, iu pots, to plant now, 9s. and 12s. per dozen.

12 Lovely Variegated IVIES, all with beautiful foliage, 12s.

Send for CATALOGUE of all you want for a Uarden free for
3 stamps.

WM. CLIBRAN and SON. Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham;
10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.

CPECIAL OFFER of FERNS for CASH.—

O Extra strong, in thumbs, for immediate Potting, in the
following varieties: — Pieria cretica, tremula, cretica cristata,
alba lineata, aetata, serrulata cristata compauta, A.cuneatum,
and an extra fine lot of Lomaria gibbaand Poly podium aureum.
Al>o a fine lot, in 4S's, Pteris cretica, cretica major, cretica
cr stata. serrulata cristata com pacta, A. cuneatum, Polypo-
dium, Dicksonia antarctica, Grevillia robusta and cyperus.
Price for thumbs per 100 or 100 J and 48's per 100 on application.
In pection invited by
R. PENGELLY, Hyson's Lane, -Upper Edmonton.

Strawberries, from the Garden of England.

GEOUGK liUNYAKD and CO. can now
offer very fine Runners and Plants in small pots of all
the nne=t kinds. LIST free.

Old Nurseries, Maidstone.

New Early-blooming Hybrid Rhododendrons,

Raised by

TSAAC DAVIES and SON, and now offered

A for the first time : —

RHODODENDRON QUEEN OF DWARFS, raised from R.
multiflorum, crossed with the best large-flowered htirdy
white varieties, is of bushy habit, and very iree-blooming,
bearing large, well-expanded, snow-white flowers, of great
substance, and very lasting. Awarded a First-class Cer-
tificate by the Royal Botanical Society of Manchester on
March 20,1883. Three plants were planted in the open
ground last autumn, and have stood the winter uninjuied.

RHODODENDRON CELESTIAL.— This bears palp blush flowers
about the colour of the Rose Celestial. Very free-bloom-
ing anil beautiful.

RHODODENDRON OMNIFLORUM bears dense trusses of
white flowers in the greattst profusion.
Prices of plants of any of the above kinds, 3s., 6?., and 10s. 6rf.

each. All except the smallest size, are well set with flow* r-buds.
Usual discount to the Trade.
We can also supply the best-named varieties of Hardy

RHODODENDRONS, Seedling AZALEA MOLLIS, &C, by

thousands, at very moderate price*. The season has been

unusually favourable, and they are densely covered with

flower-buds. Ormskirk, Lancashire.

August 31, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

237

CARTERS1

EARLY BULBS

To produce beautiful White and Coloured Flowers
for Christmas and Easter Decoration.

WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS,

The Largest Bulbs of the Year.
Price— 140s. per 1000, 15S. per 100, 23, per dozen.

DOUBLE ROMAN NARCISSUS.

Price- 7s. 6d. per 100, Is. per dozen.

PAPER WHITE NARCISSUS.

Price— 7S. 6d. per 100, Is. per dozen.

VAN THOL TULIPS, Red and Yellow.
Price— 4s. 6d. per loo, 9d. per dozen.

THE EASTER LILY. The White Easter

Lily. We hold the entire stock of the largest culti-
vator of this lovely Lily.
Price — Is. and 23. each. 10s. 6d and 21s. per dozen.
ALL PARCELS CARRIAGE FREE.

Detailed Catalogue gratis and post-free.
Koyal Seedsmen by Sealed Warrants,

237&23S. HIGH HOLBORH, LONDON.

FERNS A SPECIALTY.

The finest, most varied, choice, and interesting
Collection in the Trade.
1400 species and varieties of Stove, Greenhouse, & Hardy Ferns.
Partially descriptive CATALOGUE free on application.
Illustrated CATALOGUE (No. 21). containing 120 Illustra-
tions, and much valuable information on the Cultivation of
Ferns, Is. &d. post-free.

W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,

FERN NURSERY.

SALE, MANCHESTER.

ROSES IN POTS;

all the best New and Old English and Foreign
sorts, from 18s. to 36s. per dozen.

Descriptive LIST Free on application.

RICHARD SMITH & CO.,

Nurserymen and Seed Merchants,

WORCESTER.

TRADE OFFER

PALMS, ETC.

ARECA LUTES

6s. Od.

to 24s. Od. p. do7.

„ BAUERII

30 0

„ 60 0 „

„ SANDERn

24 0

„ 60 0 ,.

CORYPHA AUS

18 0

,, 30 0 ,.

CHAHLEROPS E

24 0

„ 15 0 each.

EUTERPE EDULIS ...

6 0

„ 24 0 „

GEONOMA GRAC

9 0

„ 60 0 ,.

KENTIA BEL

9 0

„ 60 0 ,.

„ FOST

9 0

„ 60 0 ,.

LATANLA BORB

6 0

„ 60 0 ..

PHQJNIX REC

6 0

,. 60 0 .,

„ RUPICOLA ...

12 ,0

„ 60 0 .,

DRAOENAS, OPHIOPOGON

FICUS

PANDANUS

VEITCHII.

Prices for larger Plants on application. Inspection invited.
WILLIAM ICETON, Putney Park Lane, Putney, S.W. ;
and Flower Market, Covent Garden.

DUTCHT1TTT Tjri

FLOWERING

HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUSES,
SNOWDROPS, NARCISSI, LILLIES, &c.

IN GREAT VARIETY.

fS"Best Qualities only. tS"Prices most moderate.

Descriptive Priced Catalogue (No. JOi:

POST FREE ON APPLICATION.

JL/ i \J A >J \J m O Seed Establishments

Chester.

(Limited),

Sutton's Bulbs

For Immediate Planting.

SUTTON'S

COLLECTION OF BULBS

Specially arranged for producing a

succession of Flowers from October

to March, containing —

9 HYACINTHS, by name.
25 White Boman HYACINTHS.

9 Double Roman NARCISSI.

9 Paper White NARCISSI.
50 SNOWDROPS.
100 CROCUSES, by name.
12 Single JONQUILS.

6 Scarlet Due Van Thol TULIPS.
18 TULIPS, 3 sorts.

6 CHIONODOXAS.

AND OTHERS.

DELIVERED FREE to any Railway Station in
the United Kingdom on receipt of remittance
for £1 Is.

OTHER COLLECTIONS, 10s. 6d., 31s. 6d.,
and 42s. each, Carriage Free.

SUTTON'S BULBS

GENUINE ONLY DIRECT FROM READINC.

Orders value 5s. Carriage Free.

ROSES FOR FORCING

Our stock this season is in splendid condition,

AND WE CAN OFFER

TEA-SCENTED, NOISETTE,

HYBRID PERPETUALS, &c,

in exceptionally fine, clean, healthy, well-
grown plants,

Established in 8-inch pots ;

also strong plants in 5-inch pots.

Our Prices are low for flrst-rate stock, and we shall be
pleased to forward quotations, Trade or Ketail, on application.

OUR COLLECTION OF

O U T-D OOR ROSES

COMPRISES UPWARDS OF

150,000 Dwarfs and Standards,

and we are now Booking Orders for autumn delivery.
CATALOGUES forwarded on application.

JOHN CRANSTON & CO.,

King's Acre Nursery,

HEREFORD.

PALMS AND FOLIAGE.

SPECIALTIES.

An immense Stock always on hand of the leading? varieties,
in finest possible condition. ARECAS, CHAJVLEROPS. CORY-
PHAS, COCOS, KENTIAS, LATANIAS, SEAFORTHIAS,
PHffiNEK. FICUS ELASTICA. ARALIAS. A very large Stock
of extra-sized plante of the above varieties, from 6 to 13 feet.

WILLIAM ICETON, Putney Park Lane, Putney; and 1L'9 &
130, Covent Garden Flower Market.

JERSEY FRUIT TREES AND ROSES.

Carriage Paid. Strong healthy trees, the finest that money ran

buy. Roses wonderfully cheap. Cordons a spccialite. Before

ordering be sure to write for our Illustrated CATALOGUES.

JOSHUA LE CORNU AND SON, High View Nurseries.

New Edition,

THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR

GARDEN OPERATIONS.

Trice 3d., Post-free S\d.

W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand,

London, W.C.

Now ready, in cloth, lis. 6d.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
Vol. V., Third Series. JAN. to JUNE, 1889.
W. RICHARDS, 41. Wellington Street, Strand. W.C.

SATURDAY, AUGUST 31, 1889.

ORCHID CULTURE PAST AND

PRESENT.*

THE first tropical Orchid that became estal-
lished in the hothouses of Great Britain
seems to have been the Vanilla, which was
known to Miller, the second edition of whose
Dictionary nf Gardening was published in 1768.
Miller also enumerates several species of Epiden-
drum, some of which must have been known to
him in a living state, for he says ■ — " The plants
cannot by any art yet known be cultivated in the
ground, though, could they be brought to thrive,
many of them produce very fine flowers of
uncommon form." Three species sent from
America, which he planted with care in pots,
and placed in a stove, produced flowers, but the
plants soon after perished.

A few years later, Dr. JohnFothergill brought
home from China, among other plants introduced
for the first time into British gardens, some
Orchids, including Phaius grandifolius (Bletia
Tankervillere),and Cymbidium ensifolium ; these
were cultivated by him prior to 1780. In 1787,
Epidendrum cochleatum flowered for the first time
in this country in the Royal Gardens at Kew,
and E. fragrans in October of the following year.
Seven years later, fifteen species, chiefly West
Indian Epidendra, are recorded as being culti-
vated in the Koyal Gardens, "in very great
heat, and with fragments of half-rotten bark at
their roots."

As a consequenco of the political circum-
stances of the times, the first epiphytal Orchids
received in England were brought from the
West Indies, chiefly from Jamaica, by naval
officers, and by captains in the merchant service,
who gave no certain information respecting tho
habits of the plants and their environment in
their native country beyond the bare fact that
they grew on trees. They were thence believed to
bo parasites, like tho Mistleto of our woods and
orchards — a belief that became so firmly rooted
that it hpld its sway for many years even after

* Read by Mr. H. J. Veitch, before the Royal Horticultural
Society, June 11.

238

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 31, 1889.

their true character had been determined by Dr.
Robert Brown and Dr. Lindley. The prevalence of
this belief was prejudicial to the progress of Orchid
culture, for it induced attempts at cultivation
that were necessarily futile. The editor of the
Botanical Register, under tab. 17, Epidendrum
nutans, whioh was first brought to England from
the West Indies by Admiral Bligh in 1793,
quaintly remarks that " the cultivation of tropical
parasites was long regarded as hopeless ; it
appeared a vain attempt to find substitutes for
the various trees each species might affect, within
the limits of a hothouse."

Nevertheless, Orchids oontinued to be im-
ported, and even in those days, when a voyage
to or from the West Indies oooupied two months,
their extraordinary tenacity of life after removal
from the trees on whioh they were found grow-
ing was observed.

Of the treatment the plants received we can only
here and there catch a glimpse from the occasional
notes that appeared from time to time in the Botanical
Magazine, which had been founded by William
Curtis in 1793. Thus, under tab. 387, Cymbidium
aloifolium, which had been received from India by
Mr. Vere, of Kensington, a few years previously, it is
stated that this plant was placed in a pot of earth
and plunged into the tan-bed of the stove, where it
grew but did not flower. This species was also cul-
tivated at the same time by Messrs. Greenwood &
Wyke, nurserymen, at Kensington, who, instead of
plunging the pot into the tan, placed it on the floor
of the stove : it then flowered. From other notes
we gather that the usual treatment of Orchids at
this period was to pot them in a mixture of loam
and peat, and keep them constantly plunged in the
tan-bed of the stove. That they should soon suc-
cumb to such treatment seems to us but a very
natural consequence ; nevertheless, it seems to have
been generally persisted in for many years.

The first fifteen years of the present century were
overshadowed by the Napoleonic wars, which re-
tarded every art that can only flourish in times of
peace. Nevertheless, in the very throes of that
tremendous struggle, the Horticultural Society of
London was founded, and obtained its charter of
incorporation in 1809. From that time horticulture
may be said to have entered into public life, and to
have received an impetus it never could have had
from the isolated efforts of private individuals.
Orchids, till then regarded more as curiosities than
as subjects to be seriously taken in hand culturally,
began to come more to the front, for the Messrs.
Loddiges began to cultivate them for sale in their
Hackney nursery about the year 1812 ; and about
that time, too, or a little later, Dr. Roxburgh [sent
from India the first Vanda, the first Aerides, and
the first Dendrobium that were seen alive in
England. In the same year, too, Messrs. Loddiges
received a plant of Oncidium bifolium from a gentle-
man who brought it from Monte Video, and who
informed them that " it was hung up in the cabin
without earth, and continued to flower during a
great part of the voyage home ; " a statement that
was then regarded as a traveller's tale, and beyond
the limits of credulity.

The " air plants," as the Vandas, Aerides, and
Saccolabiums were then called, were a puzzle to the
horticulturists of that time, and how profound was
the prevailing ignorance of their true character may
be judged from the following extract from the
Botanical Register for 1817, under tab. 220, Aerides
(Sarcanthus) paniculatum : — "Air plants possess
the faculty of growing wh»n suspended so as to be
cut off from all sustenance but that derived imme-
diately from the atmosphere. Plants of other genera
of this tribe, and even of a different tribe, are
endowed with a like faculty ; in none, however, can
such insulation be considered as the state of exist-
ence which suits them best, but merely as one they
are enabled to endure, as a carp is known to do, that
of being suspended out of water in a damp cellar.''

To keep alive an air plant for any length of time,
and to flower it, was regarded as a feat of extra-
ordinary interest. The first who seems to have
accomplished it was Mr. Fairbairn, the gardener at
Claremont, who flowered Aerides odoratum in 1813.
How he succeeded may be related in his own words :
— " I put the plant when first received into a basket
with old tan and moss, and hung it up in the Pine-
house, where it was exposed to the summer sun and
to the fire-heat in winter. A tub of water was
placed near it, so that I could plutge the basket six
or seven times a day, or as often as I passed it."
Some years later the same excellent gardener
flowered Eenanthera coccinea for the first time in
this country.

Towards the end of the second decade of this
century, Sir Joseph Banks had devised one of the
most successful modes of treating epiphytal Orchids
then known, and which he practised in his hothouse
at Isleworth : — " He placed the plants separately in
light cylindrical wicker baskets or cages of suitable
width, of which the framework was of long slender
twigs wattled together at the bottom, the upper
portion being left open that the plant might extend
its growth in any direction and yet be kept steady
in its station, the ends of the twigs having been tied
together by the twine that suspends the whole to
the woodwork of the stove. A thin layer of veget-
able mould was strewed on the floor of the basket on
which the rootstock was placed, and then covered
slightly over with a sufficiency of moss to shade it
and preserve a due degree of moisture." This was
the first rude forerunner of our modern Orchid-
basket, and the first instance I find recorded of moss
being used for surfacing.

Loddiges at this time made their compost of rotten
wood and moss, with a small quantity of sand. Their
Orchid-stove was heated by brick flues to as high a
temperature as could be obtained by that means,
and by a tan-bed in the middle kept constantly
moist by watering, and from which a steamy evapora-
tion was arising at all times without any ventilation
from without. Their method was, of course, imi-
tated by probably all cultivators. To these hot
steamy places Orchids were consigned as soon as
received, and into which, it was occasionally re-
marked, it was as dangerous to health and comfort
to enter as it was into the damp close jungle in
which all tropical Orchids were then supposed to
have their home.

The want of success that attended the preserva-
tion of the plants in such places for any length of
time was supposed to be due to some peculiar diffi-
culty in their cultivation, and it was resolved that
an attempt should be made in the garden of the
Horticultural Society to overcome it. A stove was
accordingly set apart for their exclusive culture, and
when subsequently Mr. (afterwards Dr.) John
Lindley was appointed assistant secretary to the
Society, the chief direction of it fell into his hands.
" The first experiments were unsuccessful ; the
plants were lost as quickly as they were received."
This led Lindley to inquire more closely into the
conditions under which Orchids grow in their native
countries, and which, if accurately ascertained,
would, he believed, supply data for a more successful
cultivation of them. The results of his inquiry, and
the inferences he drew from them, are contained in
a paper which he read before the Society in May,
1830. It is evident from this paper that the infor-
mation he obtained was far too restricted, and held
good only for a limited area ; hence from such im-
perfect premises the conclusions could scarcely be
otherwise than fallacious.

For example, Mr. William Harrison, a merchant
residing at Rio de Janeiro, and who for some years
previously had sent many fine Orchids to his brothers
at Liverpool, informed him that in Brazil "they
exclusioely occupy damp woods and rich valleys
among vegetation of a most luxuriant description,
by which they are embowered." The word exclu-
sively was unfortunate, for we now know that most
of the finest of the Brazilian Cattleyas and Laelias
occur at considerable elevations, andj often in ex-

posed situations. And Dr. Wallich, to whom we
owe the first introduction of many fine Dendrobes,
told him that " in Nepaul, the thicker the forest, the
more shady the trees, the richer and blacker the
natural soil, the more profuse are the Orchids."
From such data Lindley concluded that high tem-
perature, deep shade, and excessive humidity,,are the
conditions essential to the well-being of the plants,
and he framed his cultural recommendations accord-
ingly, including among them good drainage for the
plants, which appears hitherto to nave been gener-
ally neglected, but making no mention of ventilation.

So predominant had Lindley 's influence at that
time become in all matters pertaining to Orchids,
whether as the chief botanical authority on them, or
from the position he held in the Society, that the
unhealthy regime of cultural treatment approved by
him became, as it were, the only orthodox one, and
was generally persisted in, in all- its essential points,
for upwards of thirty years after the publication of
the paper just now mentioned ; so that when thirteen
years later Mr. Bateman formulated a course of
cultural treatment for tropical Orchids in the intro-
duction to his OrchidacecB of Mexico and, Guatemala,
it differed but little from Dr. Lindley's recommenda-
tions, except the important direction to give the
plants a season of rest. It is, however, only just to
the memory of Dr. Lindley to add that, when later,
as more correct information came to hand respect-
ing the habitats of Orchids and their environment
in situ, he was one of the first to note the fact, and
to give cultivators a friendly warning — thus, in the
Botanical Register for 1835, under tab. 1,697 (Onci-
dium ampliatum), we find the following remarks: —
" It is well known that the most considerable part
of the epiphytal Orchids is found in the greatest
vigour in damp, sultry woods in tropical countries,
and accordingly we endeavour, in our artificial culti-
vation, to form an atmosphere for them as nearly as
possible that which they would naturally breathe in
such stations. That this is attended with very great
success is obvious from the numerous splendid spe-
cimens which are from time to time appearing in
various collections. But it is sufficiently evident
that, although this kind of treatment is admirably
suited to a considerable number, there are others
that grow most unwillingly, or scarcely survive,
under such circumstances. If a great majority of
epiphytal Orchids swarm in damp tropical forests,
there is a considerable minority which live in an
entirely different climate." And during his long
editorship of the Gardeners' Chronicle he constantly
published such items of information as came to hand
that he believed would afford useful hints to
cultivators.

But what were the splendid specimens he speaks
of? Chiefly Brazilian Maxillarias, West Indian
Epidendra, Cataseta, Mormodes, and the like ; not
the grand Cattleyas, elegant Odontoglots, and bril-
liant Masdevallias of our time ; for such of these as
were then imported were doomed to certain destruc-
tion in the hot, steamy, unventilated stoves to which
they were consigned on their arrival in England, and
to the temperature of which they were as great
strangers as to our severest winter frosts. And thus
perished, within a few months, most of the earliest
introduced Cattleyas, Lselias, Odontoglots, and On-
cids, but not without a protest from men who had
seen them and other sub-tropical Orchids in their
native wilds. So early as 1835 Allan Cunningham
reported to Dr. Lindley how different were the con-
ditions under which Australian Orchids grew in
their native country from those to which they were
subjected in the hothouses of England, and that they
should soon perish in them seemed to him but a very
natural consequence. Then followed Gibson, who
had collected Orchids on the Khasia Hills for the
Duke of Devonshire, Gardner on the Organ moun-
tains, William Lobb on the Peruvian Andes, Mr.
Ure Skinner on the Cordilleras of Guatemala, and Mr.
Motley on the mountains of Java. These, one aud
all, gave utterance to monitory warnings against the
folly of subjecting Orchids which naturally grew in
a temperate climate to the stifling heat of an Indian

August 31, 1889.]

TEE GARDENERS' GERONICLE

239

jungle. In fact, it was high time that such warnings
should be given, for, as private collections were
being formed and multiplied, and as high prices
were being paid for the choicer kinds, epiphytal
Orchids were poured into the country in a continu-
ally increasing stream, only too often to tantalise
the purchasers with a sight of their lovely flowers
and curious forms, and then to languish and die.
For more than half a century England was, as Sir
Joseph Hooker once observed, " the grave of tropical

Orchids."

(To be continued.)

New or Noteworthy Plants.

PHAIUS PHILIPPINENSIS, N. E. Br. (N. sp.)

This novelty is interesting as being the first
species of the genus Phaius, so far as I can discover,
that has been recorded from the Philippine Islands,
whence it has been introduced by Messrs. J. Veitch
& Sons, who have kindly sent a plant to Kew.

The pseudobulbs are 1.J to 2 inches long, cylin-
drical, with 5 or 6 rings, where the sheaths have fallen
from, dull green, procumbent and rooting, with the
apex upturned. Leaves two to four to each growth,
petiolate, the petioles 4 to 7 inches long, three-
keeled on the back, deeply channelled down the
face ; the blade 6 to 12 inches long, 1J to 2 inches
broad, lanceolate acuminate, plicate, bright green.
Scape about as long as the leaves, in the plant seen,
arising from the axil of the lowest leaf, slightly
compressed, slightly keeled on one side, the keel
alternately on different sides of the stem with the
different internodes, bearing four or five, equally
distant, acutely keeled, tubular-spathaceous sheaths.
Bracts not seen, deciduous before the buds have
attained half their full size. Ovary an inch long,
whitish with three green ribs ; flowers 2^ inches in
expanse ; sepals and petals oblanceolate-oblong,
subacute, the petals a little narrower than the sepals,
all flat, spreading, and directed upwards, of good
substarrce ; white outside, reddish-orange-brown
inside, with a narrow yellow edge. Lip 1 to 1J
inch long, trumpet-shaped, with a truncate mouth ;
the margin recurved, crenate and more or less
frilled, but not three-lobed inside, with some scat-
tered hairs, the disc with three keels, the middle
one reaching to the apex, the lateral keels much
shorter and more elevated, converging at their
apices ; spur almost wanting, reduced to a very small
blunt chin, about 1 line long ; when the flower first
opens the lip is white, with a very faint and delicate
tinge of pink, marked inside between the keels, and
on the sides with rosy streaks, afterwards the white
changes to a pale yellowish hue, and the rosy streaks
become fainter and less bright ; column white,
yellow at the base, a little longer than the minutely
pubescent anther, which it partly covers, and having
broad rounded wings ; rostellum quadrate, light blue.

The distinctive characters of the plant appear to
be that the lip is not three-lobed, but has a nearly
truncate mouth with a slightly frilled, recurved
margin ; the emarginate apex is not in the least pro-
duced, and there is no spur. N. E.Brown, Herbarium,
Kew. [The plant was exhibited at the last meeting
of the orchid committee. Ed.]

Masdbvallia coccinea, Linden.

A query has recently been addressed to me, as to
■what is Masdevallia coccinea, " a charming thing,
with flowers as red as a soldier's coat ? " On look-
ing the matter up, I find the species to be involved
in much confusion, which the present note is
intended to clear up. I may also point out that a
similar query was asked in these columns in 1884
(vol. xxi., p. 736), but was apparently never
answered. There we read — " We cannot close our
note on these plants without asking, what has become
of the true M. coccinea ? . . . Perhaps the original
species has been lost, and if so there is another
prize to be obtained by our keen Orchid importers."

Masdevallia coccinea is a species discovered and

named in MSS. by Linden, and published by Lindley
in 1846 (Orch. Linden, p. 5). It is No. 1262 of the
collection. The specimen, which is preserved in
Lindley's herbarium, bears a note to the following
effect : — " This magnificent species grows on the
ground on the southern slopes of the high moun-
tains near Pamplona, at the height of 95,000 feet,
flowering in April. Its brilliant flowers resemble
at a distance those of the Bejarias, Vacciniums, and
other plants of these lofty regions." It is identical
with what was afterwards called M. Lindeni, Andre,
and bears a note by Reichenbach to this effect.
Lindley afterwards obtained from Warscewicz a
coloured drawing and dried flowers of a species
which he failed to distinguish, and therefore wrongly
labelled M. coccinea. A few living plants from one
of Warscewicz's sales appear to have passed into
the hands of the late Mr. Rucker under this name,
and for a long time were cultivated as such, though
they appear to have been eventually lost to cultiva-
tion. Reichenbach, however, in 1854, correctly
described this species as new, under the name M.
militaris (Bonplandia, ii., p. 115). A third element
of confusion now appeared. In 1865, a so-called M.
coccinea is figured in Regel's Gartenflora (vol. xxv.,
p. 193, t.'870), but which is really M. ignea, Rchb. f.

A dried specimen of the true M. coccinea, Linden,
probably passed into the hands of the late Professor
Reichenbach, for it is correctly represented by him
in Xenia Orchidacea, i., p. 197, t. 74, figs. 1 and 2,
the shape and purplish-crimson hue showing it to be
a brightly coloured form of what is now called M.
Lindeni, Andre. The same author gave an account
of the plant in these columns in 1868, p. 75, and the
woodcut there given evidently represents the same
plant. (See also n.s., xvi., p. 236, fig. 49, and xxi.,
p. 736, fig. 138, for reproductions of the same.)

The confusion is unfortunate, because its rectifi-
cation involves certain changes which are unavoid-
able, unless the law of priority is to remain a dead
letter. Thus, M. coccinea, Linden, must be retained,
for M. Lindeni, Andre\ which latter must be reduced
as a synonym. And I suppose M. Harryana, Rchb.
f., must be considered as M. coccinea var. Harryana,
for I do not think the two can be satisfactorily
distinguished. M. militaris, Rchb. f., must be re-
tained for the plant which Lindley afterwards con-
fused with the true M. coccinea. This is a very rare
species in gardens ; one or two plants are known, but
I have not seen living flowers. It seems to be a shy
bloomer for some reason, but the colour is repre-
sented as exceedingly brilliant. M. ignea, Rchb. f,
is very closely allied, and may yet prove to be a
variety of the same, for the dried flowers are very
similar, though not quite identical. In any case,
M. coccinea, Regel, belongs to M. ignea, which is a
very handsome and free-flowering species. It will
thus appear that M. coccinea is not a lost plant, but
one whose identity has been unfortunately masked
by the confusion here pointed out. S. A. Bolfe,

NEW ZEALAND FLAX.

This most useful fibre-producing plant wherever
tying, bundling, and hauling have to be done, has, I
notice, and will continue, I am confident, to be the
subject of continuous discussion. Your corre-
spondent " R. A." is making inquiry about it at the
present time (p. 200, August 17, 1889), and others
will follow suit. Fibre-producing plants are and
will continue to be in request; the textile charac-
teristics of this, in particular, make it the subject
of attention on the part of those who are interested
in the manufacture of cordage and textile fabrics,
in their great variety of forms and innumerable
uses.

Experience proves your opinion to be well founded
as to its not being a remunerative crop to grow for
manufacturing purposes. The difficulties attending
cleansing the fibre are not so great as is generally
supposed ; boiling it in water removes the gluten ;
careful combing makes it soft and pliable. I dare say
especial machinery may be requisite for the pre-

paration of large quantities economically, and, when
prepared, it is not comparable to Hemp for durability,
although in a fresh or half-dried state it is the
stronger fibre of the two, and will bear the greater
strain. It will not bear exposure, and is subject to
decay, when it is so friable that it is easily broken.
Ropes manufactured from it, subject to alternating
heat and moisture, cannot be depended upon after
they have been in use for a short time.

But it is not as a textile or manufacturing plant
that I regard it as most useful. I am a practical
gardener and farmer. It is more as an useful and
necessary plant on the farm and garden that I regard
it. Manufacturers will, of course, look at it from a
different and equally legitimate point of view, and I
trust they may realise their hopes and wishes.

Grown in a moderately rich soil, damp in preference,
Phormium tenax produces leaves from 3 to 6 feet
long, which may be cut for use at any period of
their growth. These leaves may be stripped in
bands as long and as strong as may be required, and
are useful for tying plants, trees, vegetables, Wheat,
Hay, faggots, &c. ; I use them for all these purposes,
and find it very convenient to have them always at
command.

The plants are hardy, resisting many degrees of
frost without injury. The old leaves do not suffer
if allowed sufficient room and air to prevent exces-
sive moisture from hanging about them during the
winter months, which causes them to rot.

Compared with Russian matting and raffia, the
leaves and ties are stronger and more economical in
use, as there is less waste. It is self-evident that it
is cheaper to grow than to buy ; and a perch of
ground devoted to the purpose produces a large
supply, and lasts many years when established.

It is easily propagated, either from seed or the
division of the crowns. The plants, in a young
state, require care, but when sufficiently strong for
planting out, they grow rapidly. The plants are
impatient of removal, and should be planted in
some spare corner, avoiding the drip of trees. It
grows quite as freely in the shade as when fully ex-
posed. I forward you specimens of the green leaf
and the dressed fibre. C. B, S,, Jersey.

HARDWICKE HALL, BURY ST.

EDMUNDS.

This fine old mansion, the seat of George Gery
Milner-Gibson-Cullum, Esq., lies about a mile from
the town of Bury St. Edmunds, the approach being
off the main road, by the side of which the hand-
some entrance lodge is situated, and leading on from
this the carriage-drive sweeps, in graceful lines,
through the well-wooded park and along under fine
spreading trees up to the Hall. The flower garden
is on the other side, and is bounded by a haha, so
that the eye runs across the lawn without seeing
any dividing line from the park beyond, or distin-
guishing where one ends and the other begins. How
much better is all this than the masonry, with its
balustrading and stone-ware or terra-cotta so often
witnessed; and it is satisfactory to think that we are
again going back to the more natural style in the
art of laying-out grounds, and eschewing the stone
yard. On the lawn there are several arboreal orna-
ments, a grand old Cedar of Lebanon ; a deep, richly-
coloured Copper Beech, and a magnificent Wych
Elm. The Beech referred to stands high, on raised
ground, which adds to its importance, and shows it
off to the greatest advantage. The flower garden
lies to the left of the mansion, and the beds are very
large and cut out on the turf, so as to leave plenty
of grass between, which forms a suitable setting to
the gay plants, with which the beds are well filled
The glare of colour is also toned down by avenues
or lines of Irish Yews, and there are also rows of
the rich golden, which contrast well with the sombre
hue of the first-named. Another feature in the
flower garden is the Roses, Clematis, and Honey-
suckle on tall iron arches, pillars, or rods, up and
over which these plants have climbed and clothed
with rich beautv.

240

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 31, 1889.

The houses are mostly lean-to's, and form almost a
continuous range, that are approached from the
Hall through a conservatory and corridors. These
two latter are well furnished with suitable plants,
the conservatory having roof climbers, Tacsonia
Van Volxemii being very effective and showy ; the
corridors have Camellias and Heliotropes, and one has
Cereus speciosissimus in pockets on the back wall,
which looks very quaint, and affords pleasing
variety.

The interior of the fernery is built up for most of
the plants to be planted out and grown naturally,
and trailing about is a huge Dolichos, the leaves
of which and its whole contour are most striking.
In the adjoining house there are some fine old
Brugmansias, and on the back wall Citrons and
Camellias are trained, while overhead along the
front some Vine rods are running longitudinally,
and yielding a good crop of Grapes. Peaches are
planted and grown on trellises side by side at a
distance, to afford full light and sun between,
instead of under the roof in the usual way, which
gives more surface, and no doubt answers well in
houses where there is little wood to obstruct the
solar rays.

The vineries are in full bearing, the borders being
chiefly outside, and the fronts of these are supported
by a wall, along in front of which are numbers of
Tea Roses and plants of Helleborus niger, which are
looking the very picture of health. It is generally
supposed that these Hellebores require shade, but
here they are fully exposed to the sun, and must
afford a fine lot of bloom during winter, and this
without more protection than the situation affords.

The pleasure-ground at Hardwicke is one of the
finest in the kingdom, as of late years it has been
added to and much improved by Mr. Fish, whose
taste and ability in landscape matters is well known.
The first point of interest one comes to, on going
from the lawn, is the Yew walk, which is in a
straight line, and fine plants of Taxus baccata are
growing along each side, and meeting so as to form
a canopy with their branches overhead. From this
walk we pass on to the new part, which used to be
the orchard, but which is now transformed ; broad
expanses of turf have been laid, and bold clumps of
shrubs formed, with raised borders in front, and in
these varied herbaceous and other suitable plants
are making a very fine show. Conspicuous among
the shrubs the dark-leaved Hazel Nut stands out, and
this, with the variegated Acer here and there, affords
rich contrast, and the evergreens are quite lit up
by the big bushes of CEnothera biennis growing in
front. Passing on, we now come to the Memorial
Avenue, which has recently been formed, and is
planted with Cedrus atlantica by eminent men who
have visited the place. In front of the trees are low
shrubs, and near the line of grass down the middle
are rows of Azalea mollis, which, when in bloom
must make a magnificent show. Turning from this
avenue, or looking to the left in going to it, the
view is most charming, as the country beyond has
been opened up, and miles of picturesque rolling
ground, with handsome trees, lies fully before one.
In the Pinetum, one of the most conspicuous
trees is a Cedrus atlantica, which, though not of
extraordinary size, is unique in colour, the hue
being remarkably rich and glaucous, as the
best varieties of this Cedar are when they get
age, at which period the Lebanon looks dull and
poor beside them. The next to command notice is
Sequoia sempervirens, a perfect specimen, stand-
ing at least 70 feet high, and clothed down to the
ground with healthy spreading branches and foliage.
Near by is a Wellingtonia, 65 feet high at least, and
some 9 to 10 feet round the trunk, and several Abies
Douglasii, over 70 feet. Abies Pinsapo, Picea
morinda, Pinus insignis, Cedrus deodara, and Arau-
caria imbricata, are all in fine condition, and show
how well the soil and shelter suit them. Adjoining
the Pinetum is the " Dell,'' or hardy fernery, which
was once a chalk-pit, but has been skilfully handled
and arranged by carrying walks down and about it,
and studying it with suitable plants, that it is now an

interesting spot, and forms an attractive addition.
The kitchen garden Is a walled- in enclosure, and lies
beyond the pleasure-grounds and Pinetum, through
which flowering walks lead to it.

The fruit trees are mostly pyramids and cordons,
and both and all show the unfavonrableness of the
season by having but little fruit on them, but Goose-
berries, Currants, and Strawberries have been plen-
tiful and good.

Vegetables are in great abundance, and Aspara-
gus is grown in beds with pigeon-hole brick-sides,
for the purpose of forcing the plants without taking
them up. This exhausts my notes made during a
very hurried visit. J. S.

DAFFODIL SIEVE.

The illustration, fig. 32, shows in the foreground
Mr. B. Hartland and some workmen engaged in lifting
and sorting the bulbs of Daffodils in his nursery
at Temple Hill, Cork. The implement is of
simple construction, and in form a combination of
hand-barrow and cinder-sifter, the frame of wood
and the sieve of wire, the bulbs when dug up in dry
weather with a six-tined steel fork being shaken
lightly about by hand, the adhering soil falling
through, and all the bulbs remaining on the sifter.
Where much ground has to be gone over, the work
would be much expedited by the use of several such
sieves. Mr. Hartland, in the note accompanying
the photograph, stated that the foliage of Ard Righ
Daffodil had quite decayed by May 20, and lifting
began on the 27th of that month. He is standing
on the left, with a bunch of the May flowering double
white Narcissus in his hand. The picture 6hows
parts of Mr. Hartland's nursery, with growing crops
of Callas, Peas, Potatos, &c, and the matured
foliage of various Narcissi. The house, ivy-covered,
it will be observed, is pleasantly situated, besides
affording a view from its windows of the various
operations going on in the nursery.

HARDY PLANTS AT KEW.

It would be impossible to visit the hardy plant
department at Kew on any day in the year without
seeing something of interest, or new or rare, and
particularly now that the rock garden has become
so well furnished ; and although I cannot regard the
end of July as the best time for observing the
greatest number of plants in flower, yet there were
plants in flower at that period for which there is
space in many of the best collections of hardy plants.
Meconopsis Wallichi is one of these, and as there
seen, 5 feet high, it has been a thing of beauty for
some weeks past, its stately heads of sky-blue flowers
being produced in great profusion, always rendering
it conspicuous. It should be treated as a biennial,
and grown on quickly from seed, ultimately planting
it out in groups in cool, rather moist spots, in sandy
or peaty loam, if possible.

Another attractive rockery plant is Polygonum
affine or Bruononis ; the only condition essential to its
proving its successful culture is that of space to
develop. It is very telling in the mass, when
hundreds of flower-spikes of rosy-lilac are visible.
In dry sunny spots, and rambling over rocks, this
plant is perfectly at home, and it is well suited for a
front-row plant in a border ; but, unfortunately, not
a tithe of its beauty is seen in this position.

In boggy nooks were Spirieas of the palmate sec-
tion, both crimson and white. I confess to being
somewhat disappointed with the latter ; for, though
a distinct variety, and a good white, there is nothing
attractive about it, nothing that can ever make it
half so popular as the type has become.

Monarda didyma was making a good show in
company with these, while in a similar spot the ver-
milion spikes of Lobelia cardinalis were displaying
themselves to advantage.

Among those with handsome foliage the Acan-
thuses were conspicuous, several kinds being repre-
sented by large clumps. Scolymus grandifloruB,

though a little coarse for a choicer border, is never-
theless a fine plant for shrubberies, where its yellow
heads would produce a good effect. Among the
more select plants were Gentiana septemfida var.
cordifolia, with rather small light blue flowers,
densely bearded internally ; and Campanula grandi-
flora pumila, a very fine herbaceous perennial, which
all growers of hardy plants should obtain if they
have it not. This plant is of Japanese origin, is
rather more than a foot high, and has numerous
stems thickly studded with flowers of a deep blue
colour. Alstromerias were on the wane, but the
large number of spikes still standing showed how
rich the harvest of flowers had been. These are
among the finest of hardy perennials, and their re-
quirements are a good depth of sandy loam, rather
rich ; 3 feet deep is not any too much ; plant
6 inches deep in October, giving plenty of sandy
grit about the tubers ; accord ' them a position
with a southern aspect, where disturbance for many
years will be unnecessary, and they will be the admi-
ration of all. These plants are rather slow to estab-
lish, it is true, though few perennials produce better
results when they once become so. Among Primulas,
P. suffrutescens, a Californian species, is remarkably
distinct and free-flowered, one also that may be
increased with less care and loss than many others
of the genus, and of which those who cultivate them
are well aware. In flower the plant under notice
partakes of the colour of P. Rusbyi, which is of a
purplish-violet hue. It is so very distinct in habit
that it might readily be mistaken, but for the
presence of its flowers, for a form of Iberis gibral-
tarica; another distinct characteristic is its free
growth, and the freedom with which it emits roots
from the under surface when pegged to the soil, and,
therefore, it is not easily increased, but a handsome
patch is soon formed. Another striking plant is
Podophyllum pleianthum, from Hong Kong, with
blackish crimson flowers ; it is new, and was flower-
ing for the first time. It will certainly, by reason
of its handsome foliage and flowers, prove to be an
acquisition, and especially if it should prove as hardy
as P. Emodi and P. peltatum, both of which produce
very handsome scarlet fruits ; these are excellent
plants for a sheltered nook, and should be given
sandy peat. J.

Paris.

THE GARDENS OF PARIS.

The following notes are written to give an idea
of what there is to see in the places mentioned, and
to show how they may be visited, one with another,
without loss of time. It is possible that enough
may be said to determine or set aside a visit. They
may supplement the use of plans and guides, but it
should be said that they are written roughly and in
great haste to assist those who are about to go over
the ground. If the Rouen route be chosen, I recom-
mend a visit to the Jardin des Plantes of that town,
especially for what it contains in the herbaceous
department. It is on the opposite side of the town
from the station, over the stone bridge across the
Seine, and trams run after 8 o'clock. If the stop
should be made in the morning, much of interest in
the town may be seen, and Paris reached the same
evening. The herbaceous ground, or l'Ecole de
Botanique, as it is called, is made to receive during
summer a variety of plants from the houses, whether
fit or unfit for the exposure, and this method of
showing relationship, known also in some other
continental gardens, is assisted sometimes with
labels alone, or with plants that could not possibly
exist on the spot. Though this may be, as I think,
a mistake, and even misleading, it detracts nothing
in interest from the plants that are grown. I found
many that are quite uncommon, and among them
not a few that are attractive and ornamental.
Annuals are well kept up, and some of the
genera are exceptionally well represented. Various
kinds are of interest in representing the French

August 31, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

241

flora. Out of numerous notes I am at a loss to
specify. Gomplirena aurantiaca and Cuphea miniata
struck me as among the prettiest of annuals.
Eichardia albo maculata forms a fine clump, and
appears to be perfectly hardy. Among the aquatics,
Alisma grandifiora (Echinodorus grandiflorus), is
one that we do not grow, though I found it in several
French gardens. Echinopsgrajca is very distinct and
worth having, but examples of this kind are numer-
ous. Sesamum indicum, with tubular white flowers
and interesting processes at the base of each leaf,
was doing well in a little greenhouse of its own, and
decidedly pretty. A new range of iron houses was
built five years ago, and, as pointed out by M. .loly,
on the plan recently adopted at Cambridge, but the
idea is not so well carried out. The houses contain
various plants of interest. iEchmsea Ludde-
manniana was remarkably pretty, with a panicle of

omnibus or tram from almost any point, and boats on
the Seine are both rapid and convenient for stations
along the banks. Again, it is necessary to remember
that the breakfast time is from 11 to 1 o'clock, when
almost everything worth seeing is shut up, and, to
save repetition, I may say that the same hours obtain
in all the municipal gardens. A morning may be .
recommended for general inspection, in order to see
what there is to study in detail, after which all avail-
able time may no doubt be occupied. A feature of
fresh interest will be found in the new Winter Garden,
quite recently planted and formally opened to the
public. It is of the ornamental order, built on a
heavy basement of stone buildings, designed by the
official architect. In it a novel feature may be
found in the pipes, which are provided with flanges
or wings, by which the radiating surface is largely
increased. At the end is a successful piece of

Cedar of Lebanon, on the herbarium side of the
garden, is an old Robinia Pseudaoacia, said to be the
parent of all first planted. It was planted in 163G
by Vespasien Robin ; and now the old trunk, in its
decay, is so mended with mortar and cement, that
little of it can be seen ; but there is life in the
branches, and it may last for years. In the
herbaceous ground, various points of interest will
reward a careful inspection, and as it is difficult, in a
few words, to give even a small idea of such a garden
as this, I recommend, in short, that no part be
missed.

Having seen, at the Herbarium, some of the
really wonderful plants collected by the missionaiy
Delavay in the province of Yun-nan, I was greatly
interested to learn that a number have been raised
from seed. Various Rhododendrons and seven.l
good plants have thus been introduced. The

Fig. 32. — lifting daffodii bi lds in mr. hautland's nursery, (see p. 240.)

Hue I erries ; and an ong Begonias nothing was ever
more effective than B. corallina, growing 8 or '.) feet
high against a wall, and laden with scarlet flowers.
A portion of the garden and some of the houses are
devoted to decorative work, and there are some
good features of this kind. In visiting the houses,
it must be remembered that the breakfast-time is
from 11 to 1 o'clock, when it may be impossible to
gain admission. But the herbaceous ground, though
carefully fenced in, is not shut up. It is said that
the French public are more destructive than the
British, and therefore the fence exists.

The Jardin des Pi antes.

Arrived in Paris, the botanist-gardener, at least,
will think first of the Jardin des Planter, the
French Kew, where all horticulturists are certain
to find interest. Improvements have been made
since I saw it last, but, for the credit of French taste —
often more perfect than ours — it requires entire re-
construction, with more apace. It is easily reached by

rockery, and before it is a fine group of choice Tree
Ferns. All the houses require careful inspection for
the interesting plants they contain. Fine branching
specimens of Vellozia plicata, the stems chiefly
formed of overlaid roots, were most charming from
a botanical point of view, though the flower, which
resembles that of a Crinum, must add beauty to
these curious plants. Various fine Palms are worth
particular note. Trachycarpus Griffith! is now in
flower; a magnificent Pritchardia filifera has been
brought from the South of Europe ; Brahea Roe/.li
is striking and new to me. I found a Chamxjorea,
not at all unlike a Sobralia at first glance, with
numerous slender stems, bearing furcate leaves, and
growing about 5 feet high ; it is called C. fragrans,
and is probably the plant so named by Martins, but
it is not Morenia fragrans of Ruiz and Pavon.

In the sunk garden, Xanthoceras sorbifolia, the
parent of all we have, is bearing numerous fruits ; so
also is Pistacia vera. Rosa Haryi seems here to
flourish perfectly. Less known than the historic

Primulas and Rhododendrons hive already received
notice in the Gardeners' Chronicle, but without seeing
the specimens it would be almost impossible to
conceive the striking character of some of the
species. The extreme richness of the compara-
tively limited district from which the specimers
were gathered is shown by several new and beautifi 1
species of Cyananthus ; by a remarkable Musa, M.
lasiocarpa, only 1 foot high, and said to present the
appearance of birds sitting on the rocks ; and to give
one more instance, by Thalictrum Delavayi, which
has showy flowers with rosy-coloured sepals.

Close to the Jardin des Plantes, at Xo. 12, Rue
Cuvier, is the Botanic Garden of the Faculty of Medi-
cine, superintended by the well known meant. Prof.
Baillon, and which, though small, is of great in-
terest. Here, for instance, is a plant which the Pro-
fessor believes to yield the true Mate or Paraguay-
Tea, quite distinct from the plant known as Ilex
paraguayensis. The garden contains some very in-
teresting economic plants, and here some time ago.

242

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 31, 1889.

Coffea liberiea was in flower. There are fine speci-
mens of Citrus trifoliata, which often forms a hand-
B>me shrub about Paris; and of Cedrela sinensis,
which delights in the poorest soil. Among other
things, there is an interesting set of hybrid Rhubarbs
crossed between 11. Bollingiana and R. officinale.
Sarcococca pruniformis here is quite hardy. 11. J. L.
I To be continued.')

Orchid Notes and Gleanings.

MR. MEASURES' ORCHIDS.

Many rare species are in flower in this fine col-
lection, in addition to the show of Odontoglossums
and other things met with in most places. The higli
state of culture to which the plants are brought at
the Woodlands present tilings at their best, and many
plants which are not in good repute, by reason of their
being difficult to grow, appear here in quite another
aspect. Among these may be noted a fine specimen
of Eulophia guineense, with a spike of numerous,
large, bright pink flowers a yard high; Cattleya
Schroderiana, a rare and probably natural hybrid,
with flowers nearly as large as those of C. Mossias ; C.
Schofieldiana, of extra merit ; C. velutina, and C.
Eldorado Wallisii, with eight fine white flowers; C.
Hardyana, the largest known specimen ; C. Dowiana
aurea, with five flowers on a spike ; some large
masses of Lreliacrispa;SaccolabiumHendersonianum,
S. cceleste, with six spikes ; Brassia antherotes, and
other rare and handsome species. Among the Cypri-
pediums the most unique was the Spicerianum cross,
■C. Seegerianum x , which has the dorsal sepal as
showily marked with crimson, on pure white, as the
favourite, C. cenanthum superbum ; C. Morgance X ,
C. Harrisianum brunneum X, C. Curtisii, C. conchi-
ferum X, C. calophvllum X, C. calurum X, C. mar-
morophyllum X , C. polystigmaticum X , and about
two dozen other rare species and varieties are in
bloom, one of the most attractive being a large mass
of the true C. Sedeni candidulum X.

Not until quite recently did Orchid growers, by
the aid of larger importations, discover the wonderful
beauty and variety to be found in the section of
Orchids named Lajlia elegans. Quite a show of them
is to be found in the extensive collection of R. H.
Measures, Esq., every year at this season, and each
year adds new beauties to these favourite flowers.
In addition to the fine L. e. nyleptha previously
illustrated by us, many others, of what is generally
denominated the " Tnrneri " class, are in flower.
L. e. Tautzianum has glowing, richly tinted flowers,
with most ornate crimson-purple lip ; L. e. Houtteana
has the front lobe of the lip projecting and flat, suf-
fused with violet ; L. e. melanocheilos and L. e.
haematocheilos are two superb varieties, the general
appearance of the former being like the fine L. e.
Blenheimensis, but the flowers, which are uniformly
of a soft rose, are thicker and more wax-like in
texture ; L. e. blandaand L. e. incantans have yellow
petals and intensely rich crimson labellum ; L. e.
Morreniana is a superb form, a great improvement
on that originally known as L. e. Turnerii ; L. e.
Measuresiana, L. e. prasiata, L. euspatha, and many
others, are still in flower, and likely to last some
time yet. Those who wish to see these fine plants
in perfection should take the opportunity.

LiELIA SUPERBIENS QuESNELIANA.

This variety requires to be treated in a similar
manner to Liclia superbiens. It is a strong- growing
plant, and will thrive either in a basket or in a pot,
suspended, if possible, about 2 feet from the roof-
glass, where it may obtain full exposure to the sun's
rays. We have also grown the species on a large
block or raft of wood, but when treated in this
manner, more attention is required to the supply of
moisture during the season of growth, and we much
prefer the pot or basket system. Fibrous peat, from
•which all the fine particles have been shaken (a
process which is easily performed when the peat is
dry), is the material this plant delights in having

about its roots; to this maybe added, with advan-
tage, some nodules of charcoal, which help to keep
the material sweet and in free and open condition.
This is a point of the greatest importance, as these
plants do not like anything stagnant about their
roots. The pot or basket must be well drained, and
should be tilled three parts up with some charcoal or
broken potsherds, whilst the soil should be elevated
in a cone-like manner above the rim of the pot.
Upon this the plant should be placed, thereby ena-
bling the roots to work either inside or outside, the
latter being more congenial to the requirements of
the plants. It requires an abundant supply of
moisture to its roots during the time of active
growth, but when dormant the quantity must be
considerably reduced ; indeed, just sufficient to
maintain the pseudobulbs and leaves from shrivelling
is all that is necessary, but should they be overdried,
it frequently requires a considerable length of time
to restore them to a healthy condition. When the
flower-spikes begin to appear, a little more moisture
becomes essential, and the quantity should be in-
creased as the spikes advance.

The Cattleya-house suits this plant well, and
although Mr. Skinner records the fact that hoar-
frost was on the ground when he found the specie9
first, it has always thrived best with us under culti-
vation in a warmer temperature. Mr. Skinner also
observes that where the plant is most numerous, the
finest examples existed in situations sheltered from
the north wind. It also enjoys all the sun and light
it is possible for us to give it, but as it must be re-
membered that all our plants are under glass, and
with a considerably reduced circulation of air to the
open atmosphere, it will be necessary to shade lightly
from the hottest sun in the height of summer.
Treated in the above manner there is little to fear,
and the plants will bring forth their showy blossoms
in due season. " Orchid Album," June, 1889.

Ltcaste costata.

The treatment we have found this plant to thrive
under is to grow it in the cool-house ; but the
warmest end of the Odontoglossum-house should be
selected for it. It should be grown in well-drained
pots, and the best material to use for potting is a
mixture of fibrous peat and sphagnum moss.
During the growing season the plant enjoys an
abundant supply of water. This must, however, be
considerably reduced when growth is completed,
giving at this time just sufficient to keep the bulbs
and leaves in a healthy condition. The flowers
begin to appear soon after growth is completed, when
a slight increase of the water supply will be advan-
tageous. " Orchid Album," June, 1S89.

Renanthera coccinea.

It may interest many readers of the Gardeners'
Chronicle to know we have a plant of the above in
flower at the present time. When I took charge of
the gardens here, three years ago, the plant was
about 18 inches high, and it now stands? feet in height,
with healthy foliage down to the rim of pot. It carries
one fine spike of 100 beautifully expanded flowers.
The plant has been grown at the cool end of one of
our plant stoves, and the treatment afforded seems to
have suited its requirements. The last notice in
your paper of it having flowered, was by my old
respected master, Mr. Reid of Possingworth, Sussex.
D. Crombic, Powerscourt, August 20.

Phaius haculatus.

This plant is easily grown into a good specimen,
and it requires only the ordinary care bestowed upon
stove plants. It enjoys an abundance of light and
sunshine, yet as its leaves are somewhat thin, it
should be shaded through the hottest part of the
day in summer, in order to preserve its foliage
intact, for the leaves present a very bad appearance
when scorched. If the plant is grown with other
Orchids, it will thrive best at the cool end of the
East India-house, or the warmest end of the
Cattleya-house. It is a terrestrial plant, and should
be potted accordingly ; the soil we have found it to

thrive best in is rough fibrous peat, good turfy light
loam, and sharp sand thoroughly incorporated. The
drainage must be good, and should be covered with a
layer of sphagnum moss, to prevent the mould
running into and choking it. A liberal supply of
water is necessary during the growing season, which
must, however, be considerably curtailed during winter,
when, although much less is necessary.it should never
become quite dry, or the leaves will suffer, and the
plant become disfigured. At the time the spikes begin
to appear the supply of water may be increased,
as these require strength to develop their beauty.
When the blooming season is over, the plant begins
to renew its growth, and this is the. best time to re-
pot ; if this is not necessary, the upper portion of
the old soil should be removed and renewed. " Orchid
Album," June, 1889.

Dendrobium MacCarthi.e.

This Ceylon Orchid has such noble flowers that it
is a pity it is not a better grower, or rather that its
peculiarities are not better understood. A fine
form of it is now open in Mr. Sydney Courtauld's
collection at Booking Place, Braintree. The flowers
on this plant are -1 inches across, white ; the sepals
and petals delicately tinged with lilac ; the base
of the slipper-like labellum is violet-purple on pure
white ; the front portion is tinged and veined with
rose.

Odontooloss'um Schroderianuji.

This species requires similar treatment to O.
Pescatorei, and those of its class which come from about
the same altitude. Many of these species grow at
different altitudes in their native countries, and it
would greatly assist the cultivator at home in deter-
mining the exact position in which to place the
plants, if collectors would give strict records of the
conditions under which the plants exist, the altitude
at which they grow, and the conditions of the
atmospheric surroundings. It will thus be seen that
no one can successfully cultivate plants without
exercising care and forethought, bestowing every
needful attention at the proper time, and in any case
of failure a remedy should be applied at once, for
procrastination — that " thief of time " — is also the
cause of many failures in Orchid-growing, which, if
taken in hand in time, might have " led on to
fortune." Again, many people who have been
successful growers of plants often treat them in an
indifferent manner, and then express surprise if the
plants fail, or are not to be found in first-class con-
dition ; indeed, this system of neglect is too prevalent
with superficial observers ; but let it be ever kept in
mind that plants always require care and attention to
keep them healthy, presentable, and in a proper state
of development. " Orchid Album," June, 18S9.

Notices of Books.

Darwin's Journal.

A peculiar interest attaches to this work. Few
who read it when it first appeared, in 1839, could
have foreseen what is so obvious now, that it contains
the germs and much more than the germs of the
now generally accepted doctrine of evolution, or the
modification of species in course of time by means
of an innate power of adaptation to varying con-
ditions. It seems no more strange now to consider
a species as derived from some pre-existing species
of slightly different aspect and attributes than it
does to note the descent of a child with charac-
teristics derived from both parents, but altered by
circumstances. The descent and the change are
obvious ; in the one case they are less so than in the
other, because the period of time in which they have
occurred is inconceivably great, the greater part of
the record has been lost, and what we have is only
imperfectly deciphered. The story of the five years
travel is still full of interest to the naturalist.
The retrospect, showing the march of improve-
ment and civilisation as witnessed fifty years
ago, and consequent on the introduction oi

August 31. 1889.]

TEE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

243

Christianity into the South Sea Islands, and the
progress which even then Australia had made,
is most interesting ; the more so as the pro-
gress must have been far more pronounced since
that time, in spite of the opinions of Lord Tennyson
to the contrary. Prefixed to the present volume is
an excellent portrait of the author in later days.
The work is issued by Mr. Murray uniformly with
other of Darwin's works published by him, and many
naturalists will be thankful to the publisher for the
opportunity of making the set complete.

Journal of the Bureau of Agriculture.

Adelaide.

The circulation of practical information calculated
to be useful to agriculturists and gardeners has
largely increased of late in our colonies, and, inas-
much as the leaflets and bulletins presumably supply
exactly what the cultivator requires, the benefit
should be great. A few circumstances, however,
stand in the way: one is the inertness and disinclina-
tion of the cultivators to do anything out of the
ordinary routine, or even to read with attention what
is put before them ; and another is the defective
education of many even experienced cultivators. It
is quite astonishing to note how little business men
of standing often know of the general principles of
their business, and how little observation and
reflection are called into play outside a very limited
range. Although experience is the best teacher, yet
great is the loss from the inability to turn that
experience to full account, especially when new
conditions and altered circumstances come into play.

BEDDING VIOLAS.

The season ot 1889 has, taking it all round, been
a good one for Violas, and here at Solihull, which is
close to Birmingham, they have for a long time
'been, and still are in great beauty ; and great head-
way has this year been made in convincing many
persons that the Viola is not only an easy plant to
.grow, but is also a decorative plant. Early autumn
.planting is recommended, for late spring planting so
often ends in failure and disappointment. Well-
manured ground, where the soil is light and poor,
and moderate manuring when the soil is stiffer and
more retentive, and planting in October or Novem-
ber—the earlier the better— so that the plants may
get a firm root-hold before winter sets in ; a slight
mulching of light material about the plants— these
are the conditions by which success is almost
assured.

With me, Violas are still giving masses of flower,
although they suffered somewhat during six weeks of
very dry weather and hot days, but they never gave
out, and since we have had rain occasionally, they
are as bright and beautiful as ever. I not only grow
a large collection, but flowers of kinds I do not grow,
and other people's seedlings are frequently sent here
for my opinion. Many of these are no doubt very

I showy en Mtsse, still I am rather hard to please, for
in all self colours, such as yellows, whites, blue, lilac,

i lavender, &c, I oppose any blotch or rays in the
centre of the flower, unless these markings are
almost imperceptible.

White Varieties.— -We have no markings what-
ever in Countess of Ilopetown, a sterling decorative
variety, which it will be difficult to displace, and in
Virginalis, two superb whites ; also in Mrs. Gray, a
V£ry useful free-growing white for masses, which is
almost free from any central markings, although in
hot weather the snow-white colour of this variety
becomes flushed with lavender, but even in that
state it is a most pleasing variety, and is sweetly
scented. Mrs. Smith is another excellent bedder,
snow-white, with very faint markings, and, like
Countess of Hqpetown, of close compact habit ;
Virginalis, like Mrs. Gray, is a strong grower, and
wants room ; Marchioness of Tweedale is very like
Virginalis, and I discarded Pilrig Park long since.

I In yellows, Ardwell Gem stands in the front rank,

pale yellow or straw, with faint yellow markings, of
compact dwarf habit, good constitution, and a great
bloomer. Golden Queen of Spring is of dwarf compact
habit, good constitution, and is a thoroughly good
useful bedder — Colour deep yellow without markings.
Bullion is a grand deep yellow, with faint markings,
and grows stronger than the two preceding varieties ;
but, after all, clearness of habit, combined with a
freedom of blooming and good constitution, is what
we want. Long-jointed varieties, which grow some-
what wildly, are objectionable. Golden Prince
Improved is another valuable bedding yellow, of a
light shade, and with very few rays — a closer habit
of growth than some sorts, good constitution, and a
very free bloomer. Golden Prince is another very
useful yellow, and has more of a varied centre, and
is paler in colour than Golden Prince Improved, and
is rather a strong grower, but fine for large beds.
Goldfinderis a newer variety, of Ardwell Gem habit,
pale yellow, with a distinct margin of deep lilac, and
free from central markings. It is a pretty and
distinct variety.

In Purples, Old Cliveden Purple is still good, but
is rather long jointed, still a very free bloomer, and
invaluable for large masses ; but in Cliveden Purple
compacta we get a more robust, closer habit, with
deeper coloured flowers of rich violet-purple, and
very free blooming. Queen of Purples and Queen
of Violets are both seedlings from Cliveden Purple,
but with much closer, compact habit of growth, and
very free bloomers. For small beds or in ribands a
compact style of growth is preferable.

In Blues, Dean's True Blue must take the place
of honour, as it is of dwarf compact habit, very early
and continuous in flower, very free in blooming and
of good constitution, and blue in colour and a first-
class bedder. In Archie Grant we have a very fine
blue shaded violet, and it has a good deal of the
Pansy breed in it ; it ceases to flower in July and
onwards. Still, it is a fine variety. Holyrood is
another with the Pansy breed in it, fine and attrac-
tive early in the summer, but ceases blooming when
we get into July. Owen Cameron is very like it.
As a rule, all bedding Violas which have the cross
breed of the Pansy in it, such as Holyrood, Archie
Grant, Lord Darnley, Owen Cameron, and others of
that habit are not such early blooms as such Violas
of the Viola type as Mrs. Gray, True Blue, and
others. Next to True Blue, for general usefulness and
attractiveness, I place Queen of- Lilacs, having light
blue lower petals, with deeper coloured top petals,
and of good habit — very free blooming, early, and
continuous ; and it has a decided blue shade of
colour in it, and stands hot weather well. This
variety takes the place of Blue Bell, as it is more
blue in colour, and equally floriferous.

In lavender and lilac colours, elegans is distinct
and most effective, pale greyish-lavender, flower
small but a wonderful bloomer, but wants room. It
is of a decided self colour, quite free from any mark-
ing. Duchess of Sutherland and Fairy Queen are of
a most pleasing shade of silvery-grey or lilac, and are
beautiful varieties. Duchess of Albany is a combi-
nation of grey-lilac and pale lilac-purple, a telling
variety in a mass, and a decided acquisition in these
shades of colour. The Duchess is a capital showy
variety, and stands hot weather well, aDd is in
every respect first-rate.

In white with blue margin, Skylark and Blue
Cloud are very much alike, the latter a seedling from
the former, both white, with a margin of azure-blue,
rather deeper and broader in the latter than in Sky-
lark. Both are very pretty, and very effective, but
in very hot weather the azure-blue margin becomes
very faint in colour.

Fancies. — I have thus far dealt with leading self
colours, but we are gettingavery large numberof what
may be called fancy varieties, that is, parti-coloured
or blotched or striped varieties, at the head of which
stands Countess of Kintore, a grand variety, the
centre light purple, with a large blotch of greyish
white on each petal. This is now a very popular
variety, and well known, and most effective.
" The Mearns " will also take a high position as a

fancy variety for its excellent habit, freeness of
blooming, and it is early in bloom and continuous.
The lower petals are rosy-violet, with a large grey-
ish-white blotch in each of the top petals. It is a
very beautiful variety, and a great acquisition, and
should be in every garden. Pytho is a free grower
of close habit and very fine as an exhibition flower,
of a very rich violet, the top petals margined with
greyish-blue, superb in form and substance, but I
cannot report it to be a first-rate bedder. John
Burn disappoints as a bedder, but it is beautiful as a
flower, prettily blotched and marked. Dawn of Day
is a large flower, white clouded with blue tinted grey,
and effective in masses. Rosebud is very like Ethel
Baxter, and with me, not so good. Ethel Baxter is
a lovely flower, distinct and most pleasing,
pale rose striped with a deeper colour. Spotted
Gem is also very pretty, rosy-purple with
light blotches. Lady Amory is very like The
Mearns in colour and habit ; it is not so white
in the blotch, but it is a charming variety. Mrs.
Baxter is a grand telling flower, very large, with
much of the Pansy breed in it, rich violet-purple with
a broad white margin in the top petals, but it is not
floriferous enough to say it is a valuable, continuous
blooming bedder. York and Lancaster is a distinctly
striped variety, the ground colour white, with stripes
of rosy-lilac and maroon, distinct and pretty. Bronze
Queen is a bronzy-purple with an orange shade of
colour, and is very distinct and pretty. Mrs. Brodie
is another very pretty variety, with grey-lilac top
petals veined with purple.

These kinds are selected as the best from a large
collection, and I say nothing, at present, of the quite
new varieties of Viola, as these have, so far as I am
concerned, to undergo a further trial ; but I think I
may safely say that Mrs. Dranfield, raised by Mr.
Dranfield, of the Valentine Gardens, Ilford, will
prove to be a valuable variety.

In all new varieties, to be really valuable for bed-
ding purposes, we want telling, distinct colours, good
habit of growth, early, continuous, and free bloomers.
Those I have indicated as good may be relied
upon. Many others will also be prized when a col-
lection is wanted, and for exhibition purposes, but
after all, telling bedding varieties are most wanted.
Beds of mixed Violas are very lovely when the
shorter growing kinds are kept in the outside portion
of the bed.

In Bedding Pansies some of the best are in bines.
Adonis, dark blue with black blotch, and Blue Bon-
nett, a lighter shade of blue with a dark blotch ;
Uncle Sam, very dark, black violet ; George Rudd,
deep yellow; Grassmere, rich shaded violet; and
Thomas Granger, rich orange- shaded brown, are
amongst the best, but as bedders Pansies must give
way to Violas, for they do not stand hot weather as
Violas do, and are not so continuously in flower.
The old George Rudd, however, is an exception.
W. D.

Cultural Memoranda.

KALOSANTHES.

These are among the most useful and showy of
Greenhouse plants, and may be had in all sizes, from
the large specimens down to others in 4-inch or
G-inch pots. If it is desired to have the first-
mentioned, keep the plants growing on from year to
year, and, as soon as they have done flowering, cut
them back to a moderate extent, and then stand them
outdoors in some open, sunny spot until they break,
keeping them nearly dry till that time. As soon as
fresh shoots appear they should be partially shaken
out and repotted. When doing this it is as well to
drop them, so as to bring the side branches low, as
then they will root where they touch, and form
better furnished plants ; but for exhibition purposes
objections are sometimes raised to having more than
one stem. To obtain the smaller plants, take off
any of the strong shoots which have not flowered,
anil make them into cuttings about G inches long by
stripping oil' the leaves at the bottom ; pot singly in

244

TEE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Auoust 31, 1889.

sharp sandy soil, and stand in a cold frame till they
root, which they will soon do if kept partially shaded
and only just moist. They may then be shifted into
larger pots, and should then be stood out in the open
in full sunlight till the autumn ; the most suitable
place for them then and during the winter is a light
airy shelf. The soil that answers best for growing
Kalosanthes is a sandy loam, in which they should
be potted firmly ; do not over-water, but keep rather
on the dry side till the spring, when they may be
supplied more freely till flowering is over, and may
be assisted now and then by applications of liquid
manure. Although there are several Kalosanthes,
K. coccinea is perhaps the brightest and best, the
flowers of this being very large and exceedingly
brilliant. J. S.

POINSETTIAS.

For many purposes dwarf plants are preferable to
tall ones, and various methods have been adopted to
attain this end ; we have found it best to root the
tops of well-developed shoots. Make them into
cuttings in the usual way, removing no more leaves
than is actually necessary, and taking care not to
allow the others to flag before they are put in,
nor afterwards, if it can be avoided. Sometimes
a little difficulty is experienced in rooting the cut-
tings, but can this often be traced to wrong condi-
tions ? An easy and excellent method is to prepare
a gentle hotbed, over which an ordinary garden
frame may be placed. When the heat has settled
down to a gentle warmth, prepare the cuttings, in-
serting them singly in small pots, and tying up the
leaves loosely, then plunge them into the bed ; tree
leaves form a good plunging material ; shade care-
fully from bright sunshine, and dew them over as
often as may be necessary to maintain a humid
atmosphere, but the moisture arising from the fer-
menting materials will go a long way towards
keeping this matter right. No more air than is just
required for ventilation should be given, a small
chink usually being sufficient, until the cuttings are
well rooted, when less shading is required. As they
get well rooted shift into the 5-inch pots for flower-
ing in, using a rich soil, and pot firmly. Stand them
in a mild airy temperature as close to the glass as
possible. F. E.

Chrysanthemums.

Dwarf plants may easily be procured by rooting
cuttings about 5 inches long obtained from the points
of any strong shoots which may be spared. Where
old plants were planted out there will be no difficulty
in getting an abundance of cuttings. They may be
grown on singly or more may be put into one pot.
Three in a pot is a convenient uumber. Put them
in a frame and treat as recommended for Poin-
settias, being careful not to allow them to get
drawn. Give plenty of air immediately they are
rooted, and shift the single ones into 48s and the
others into 32's as soon as they require it, using rich
loam, and stand them in cool pits, the lights of which
are only to be used in case of heavy rains or frost. F. E.

Primula japonica.

This plant is the best of all the Primroses, with
its six tiers of flowers on each stalk, and its hardy
nature. In the herbaceous border here, these plants
have been very effective. It is an easy plant to
grow and increase, which latter is done by division,
and by sowing the seed as soon as it is ripe. The
seeds soon germinate if sown in pans of light loam
and leaf-mould in equal parts, and mixed with silver-
sand, and placed in a cold frame. When large
enough, the young plants should be pricked off into
pans, and placed again in the frame, and as soon as
they are strong enough planted out in rich soil.
They soon grow into large masses. IV. Smythe, Basing
Park, Hants.

Lobelia cardinalis Queen Victoria.

I have a bed of this plant now just in full bloom,
and a grand bed it is, with its tall scarlet flower-
spikes and da<-k foliage, and an edging of Centaurea
candidissima. The ground underneath the Lobelias

is planted with Lobelia speciosa compacta, which
makes an harmonious whole. We propagate Lo-
belia cardinalis by dividing old plants in the spring,
or by seeds sown at that season in pans, under glass,
employing a light soil and a little heat. The plants
are best taken up after they have done flowering,
potting them, and keeping them dry in a cold frame
throughout the winter ; to be again planted out in
spring, with or without division. W. Smythe, Basing
Park, Hants.

DENDROBIUM POLYPHLEBIUM,
AND VAR. EMERICI,

This pretty species (fig. 33) was described by
Reichenbach in these columns in 1887, vol. i., p.
7U2, and in the same year in vol. ii., p. 242, he added
to it the variety Emerici. Both forms are repre-

FlG. 33.— DENDROBU'M POLYPHLEBIUM AND VARIETY,
U. P. EMERICI.

sented in the accompanying woodcut, which was
drawn from flowers supplied by Brigadier- General
E. S. Berkeley. D. polyphlebium is closely related
to D. Pierardi, to which it is very similar in habit,
and somewhat in the form of the flowers, but the
latter are larger, and the colour is quite different.
The sepals and broad petals are of a bright rosy-
mauve, a little darker along the borders. The lip
has the tubular part of the same light rosy-mauve
tint, veined with darker ; on each side of the disk of
the front part is a large dark brownish-madder blotch,
and the border is whitish or pale sulphur-yellow.
The variety Emerici differs from the type only in
having a broader white or pale sulphur-yellow border
to the lip, and lighter coloured blotches ; therefore,
the lips only of this variety is represented in my
drawing. N. E. Brown, Herbarium, Kew.

ABUTILON VITIFOLIUM ALBUM.— Mr. Gumele-
ton (Belgrove, Queenstown, co. Cork) kindly offers
seeds of this very beautiful shrub, figured at p. 157,
August 10th last, to those who care to send him a
stamped and addressed envelope. In most parts of
England it would require the shelter of a greenhouse
in winter, but would form an admirable plant for the
adornment of the flower garden in summer.

Plant Notes.

SLEGELIA (GESNERA) CINNABARINA.

This handsome winter flowering plant, with red
and yellow flowers, is deserving of any little extra
attention it may require. The foliage of itself is
very characteristic and ornamental. The leaves,
which are produced in pairs along the main axis, are
rather long-stalked, broadly ovate, cordate, and
thickly covered with light reddish hairs, giving them
a velvety appearance. The roots usually begin ]
growing about July ; but before they have made
much progress they should be shaken out of the old j
6oil and repotted ; but before doing this it is well to
examine them, and see that they are free from insects,
as if they require cleaning afterwards, it caunot be
done without damaging the woolly foliage, nor ;
should syringing be practised at any time. An inter-
mediate house with a position close to the glass,
suits them, especially if they are shaded just enough |
to prevent scorching. Single plants in from 4 to 6
inch pots are the most effective ; and the soil best
suited to their requirements is a light rich compost
of about half loam and leaf-mould, with enough
sharp sand to render it porous. The plant'is easily
increased by cuttings or by dividing the stolons. F.S.

Begonia socotrana.

The introduction of this species, some nine years
ago, gave us an entirely new and distinctly winter-
flowering plant of great merit, but which even now
seems to be but little known to many cultivators.
Probably, at first, the fact of its only being a winter
plant was not sufficiently understood, and attempts
to grow it in summer ended in failure ; but now we
know its requirements, it is found to be as easily
grown as any of the tuberous section, and with many
of which it would compare favourably. It is true it
has not the large flowers of some, but what it has
are produced more abundantly, are of a charming
bright rosy colour, of good form, and as much as 2
inches across, in individual flowers. The inflores-
cence is a loose, much branched cyme, thrown well
above the foliage, which latter is characteristic and
ornamental ; the round, thick, fleshy stems, and
petioles of the leaves, together rarely exceed 8 or 9
inches in height ; the leaves are of an intense green
colour, peltate, and almost round, instead of being
obliquely heart-shaped, as in the case with many
Begonias. Moreover, it further differs in producing
around the base of the stem a number of small scaly
bulbils, by which the plant is propagated and per-
petuated, as well as by seeds. Plants which have
been resting since last spring are now showing signs
of fresh growth, and should be potted up before
much progress is made. Shake away the old ex-
hausted soil, and repot in a rich, light compost of
loam and leaf-mould, with sharp sand ; and drain
efficiently. Being a stove species, it is no use
expecting' satisfactory results in a cool greenhouse.
A low-roofed moist warm pit, or similar conditions
near to the glass, is the best. Be careful not to
over-water, and, if possible, avoid watering them
overhead — it is apt to cause decay. As the
sun loses power, expose more fully to its influence,
and maintain a temperature of about 60° ; when to-
wards the close of the year they will be very attractive
objects. There has been several hybrids raised by
Mr. John Heal, of Veitch's, Chelsea, the best of
which are John Heal, Adonis, and Winter Gem, all
of which bear a certain amount of resemblance to
the original parent, socotrana, being more or less
rose-coloured ; and certainly all are valuable acquisi-
tions and additions to our stock of winter-flowering
plants. F. E.

Plants and Their Culture.

The Inmates of the Greenhouse. — It will be
advisable, in view of the heavy rains, to house the
more tender plants, especially such as may be defi-
cient of roots. Every attention should be givento
these plants after housing them, plenty of air being

August 31, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS1 CHRONICLE.

245

afforded, and a sharp look-out for mildew main-
tained. By placing the Boronias and hard-wooded
Ericas at one end of the house, they can be treated
more in accordance with their needs than when they
are interspersed with the other plants. It will be ad-
visable to leave plants of Erica Cavendishii and E.
ventricosa, and similar varieties, out-of-doors as long
as possible, exposing them to full sunshine. It is good
to examine these plants occasionally, the larger
Ericas and Azaleas getting dry at the centre of the
ball, and the matter is aggravated by the large head of
foliage throwingoff therain even when it is very heavy ;
but means should be taken, by probing with a sharp
spiked rod, or by forming a basin with soil round the
dry portion, so as to confine water over that part of
the ball that has become dry — no water being given,
for a time, to the damper part. Mildew will soon dis-
figure the plants, and if it should appear, weekly
dustings with flowers-of-sulphur should be given.

Before housing any plants all painting and repair-
ing should have been done. Where no painting or
repairing are required, the houses should have a
thorough cleansing with soap and water. Creepers
on walls should be overhauled and cleaned, and if
mealy-bug or scale be present, employ proper in-
secticides to get rid of them.

Camellias requiring it should be top-dressed, and
plants not shifted before, may now safely be done.
Man) excellent cultivators prefer shifting their
plants at this season, but in the case of small plants,
or small houses, the spring-time, after blooming, is
generally the more convenient time. Over-potting
at this season must be avoided, and watering care-
fully done. A potting compost was given in one of
the early spring Calendars. The plants after re-
potting should be syringed during bright weather.

Azalcxs. — Any late flowering plants which may
have been indoors will now have completed their
growth, and should be placed in the open for a short
time, standing them on tiles or other materials, to
prevent soddening of the soil. Should thrips infest
them, give thorough syringings with tobacco-water ;
and, if very badly infested, add a small quantity of
soft-soap to the tobacco- water. This operation
should be repeated before housing the plants.

Acacias that have been in the open air, if infested
with white-scale, should be painted over with an
insecticide, using the mixture stronger than is
advised for syringing purposes. Boronias and
Pimeleas should also be treated in a similar way.
Statices-require much the same kind of treatment
if dirty, and should now have the flower-spikes
removed if these are getting past their best, and the
foliage kept clean and free from greenfly and mil-
dew. The flower-spikes of S. Halfordii will be found
useful in the winter for filling large vases, when
intermixed with grasses.

Greenhouse Rhododendrons which may be in want
of shifting, may be at once put into pots one size
larger than those they have occupied, syringing them
in fine weather. Indian Azaleas, having now finished
their growth, should get all the sun and light possible.
Cytisus will be growing freely, and should get weak
liquid-manure occasionally. Epacris should at this
date be fully exposed to the sun, but do not let the
plants get soddened with rain, and this may be pre-
vented by placing lights over the plants, or by tilting
the pots when it rains. G. Wythcs, Sion House,
Brentford.

The Orchid Houses.

Work in the Houses. — The necessary painting,
, cleaning, and repairing of the houses having been
finished, no time should be lost in overhauling the
heating apparatus, special attention being given to
remedying any defects made apparent last winter ;
and when these are not of a very simple nature, it is
better to call in the assistance of a competent hot-
water engineer. Often, however, the piping is
rendered difficult to heat by reason of it having got
out of the proper level, by the sinking of the
supports, or from other causes, and such defects are
usually set right without difficulty. Air taps and
valves should be oiled, the boiler seen to, and where
proper sluice-plugs are at its lowest point, sufficient
water ought to be run off to make sure of the sedi-
ment being cleared out. After all is in proper
order, the whole of the iron work, piping, &c,
' should be painted with lamp-black and oil; but all
ordinary paints, varnishes, and especially tar, should
■ be most carefully eschewed. The application of
\ gas-tar to the hot-water pipes has, to my knowledge,
'•. brought destruction to several good houses full of

Orchids, and, when once it is applied, its poisonous
influence on vegetation is so subtle that nothing less
than the removal of the pipes to which gas-tar has
been applied will make the house a safe habitation
for the plants.

The heating apparatus will now want keeping at
the requisite pressure in all the departments, even
the cool-houses being all the better for a little arti-
ficial heat to keep the air in motion ; but now, as at
all times, special care should be taken to keep down
the night temperature, for, of all forms of excessive
heat, a too high night temperature is the worst —
better 10° excess in the day than 5° at night.

During dull weather careful watering .is impera-
tive, nothing so injures plants as a routine of water-
ing heavily in bright weather and dull weather alike ;
but after the restricted waterings given during a pro-
tracted cloudy time, extra vigilance is required on
sunny weather setting in, for in a few hours the
plants which were previously wet enough, will become
very dry; and to such, if growing and rooting freely,
a thorough soaking should be afforded.

The temperature for September should be : —
Warm-house, 75° to 80° by day ; 70° at night.
Intermediate-house, 70° to 75° bv day ; 63° at night.
Cool-house, 60° to 65° by day ; 60° at night. De-
grees Fahrenheit. Janus O'Brien.

The Hardy Fruit Garden.

Strawberries. — Plants which were forced early
and planted out on a warm border for a chance crop
of fruit will by this time have set their berries,
which, to get of fairly good size, should be thinned
early, leaving from seven to nine of the forwardest
on each plant ; some clean straw should be placed
about the plants to prevent the fruit getting splashed.
But a much better plan for this late crop is to tie up
the trusses to sticks well above the foliage, as by this
means the fruit gets the fullest sunshine, and con-
sequently becomes a much better colour and flavour,
and it is not so apt to rot in wet weather. Viscountess
Hericart de Thury is well suited for this kind of
work; for later use some of the plants which are
well set may be potted, taking care to preserve as
much soil as possible with the roots, and being careful
not to bruise the berries. After potting, the plant
should be placed in a shady position for a time, and
gently syringed four or five times daily till they
have taken to the new soil, when they may be put
into a frame or on the shelves in the houses to ripen
when required. The hoe should be freely plied
amongst the beds of Strawberries, and between the
rows of bush fruit, during the next month.

Figs. — Trees on which fruit is swelling off must
not be allowed to suffer from want of water at the
roots ; but as ripening approaches much less will be
required. It may here be noted that where an un-
limited root-run exists, the Fig very seldom requires
water. Remove as they appear all suckers, and
keep the shoots neatly secured to the walls ; but do
not overcrowd the wood. A medium-sized, short-
jointed growth should be the aim of the cultivator
in this and other fruit trees. No further pinching
of the points will be necessary in the case of Figs.
H. Markham, Mercworth Castle, Kent.

Fruits Under Glass.

Grapes now Colouring. — The vineries where
these are, should have a little artificial heat in dull
weather, and at the same time a little ventilation ;
and should pot plants be growing in the houses, these
should be removed, and as little water as possible
sprinkled about. Should it be necessary to water
the inside border, a top-dressing of dry Mushroom
dung or other like material should be spread on the
soil. Let the laterals be pinched regularly, and the
bunches looked over for bad berries.

Keep the wasps at bay by putting close-meshed
netting over the ventilators in all the houses where
fruit is hanging, and on sunny days give air at the
front and top of the houses, so as to dry the houses,
and when the weather is favourable, a little ventila-
tion may be afforded at night. Keep a look-out for
red-spider and thrips.

Muscats should be very gradually exposed to full
sunlight, and especially where the foliage is thick,
should this not be done suddenly ; I have very often
seen scalded berries as the result of suddenly ex-

posing the bunches of this variety. The borders of
houses, where the fruit has been cut, may be top-
dressed, thus giving the roots a chance of occupying
the fresh soil this season ; removing all the top soil
down to the old roots, and put on a mixture of loam
and Thomson's manure, making it quite firm.

Early Pot Vines when ripe enough for removing
out of the house, that is when the stems are brown
and firm, should be placed against a south wall, and
have all lateral shoots trimmed off, taking care not
to injure the base leaves, but leaving them to fall
naturally. Young, strong-growing Vines of this
season's planting, with wood not yet ripe, should
have some fire-heat applied, a free circulation of
air, with full exposure to the sun — thinning the
laterals, and gradually shortening them.

Figs. — Trees bearing a second crop should be
liberally watered with manure-water, putting a little
Mushroom dung or other dry material on the border
afterwards, so as to prevent evaporation. Ventilate
freely, and employ a little fire-heat given night and
day. Those trees from which the fruit has been
gathered should have all the useless weak shoots
removed, and be heavily syringed on fine days. Water
the soil when necessary ; afford the plants free circu-
lation of air, with a little fire-heat when the weather
is dull. The early plants in pots should be placed
out-of-doors in full sunshine. W. Bennett, Eangc~

The Kitchen Garden.

Treatment of Cress. — A few rows of American,
Australian, and Normandy Cress should now be
sown ; these being much esteemed, and taking the
place of Watercress in the winter. The plants
should be in such a position that they can be covered
with glass in hard weather. The leaves should not be
cut like curled Cress, but the outer ones should be
picked at short intervals, and the plants will then
continue to push forth fresh ones. There is little
danger of it running to flower at this season of the
year.

Radishes. — A good sowing of these should be made
on well-prepared soil. Slugs are partial to these,
and unless measures are taken to prevent their
ravages, the roots will be much injured. Dustings
with soot, powdered lime, and wood-ashes will be
found good preventatives ; but it is best to catch
them, which is not a difficult task if a few Cabbage
leaves be laid about, and every morning examined
and the slugs killed.

Parsley. — The rougher leaves should be cut off, in.
order to" induce robust growth, the better to enable
the plants to withstand the rigours of winter. Trans-
plant the thinnings into blank spaces in the lines,
&c. Dust the plants with soot, and keep the .hoe
plied amongst them. No time should be lost in
potting up some of the plants, so that, in the
event of hard weather, there may be some leaves to
pick. When Parsley is swept clear of snow to
obtain a picking, it is generally ruined, and many of
the plants perish. A sowing on a warm and rich
border may yet be made, and should it withstand
the winter, it will be found of much use in the early
part of the summer.

Chicory and Whitloof. — Some of the largest of
these may be lifted, and placed in a dark place to
blanch, cutting off the leaves, and planting the roots
in boxes or a bed of light mould ; a good watering
should then be given, and cocoa-nut fibre or leaf-soil
put over the crowns.

Turnips. — In favoured districts, these may still be
sown. Thin out the plants of earlier sowings, and
ply the hoe amongst these and all other crops until
they cover the ground.

Cauliflowers which are turning in, should have the
leaves turned over the heads. Those heads which
are fit for use should be cut in the early morning,
and anv which are commencing to open should have
the leaves tied over them. If they are coming in
very fast, a portion of the crop may be lifted with
some soil adhering, and hung head downwards in a
cool shed. Broccoli which is growing too rapidly,
may be partially lifted.

Capsicums growing out of doors, when the fruits
are of full size, may be pulled out of the soil and
hung up indoors to mature. Egg plants should
have protection by means of glass sashes.

Artichokes. — Remove old flower heads, as these by
remaining impoverish the plant. W. M. Baillie,
Luton Hoo Gardens.

246

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 31, 1889.

NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS.

Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should
be made payable at the Post Office,
No. 42, DRURY LANE.

Now ready. In cloth, lis. 6d.

J 'HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
Vol. V., Third Series. JAN. to JUNE, 1889.
W. RICHARDS. 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.

MONDAY, Sept.

WEDNESDAY, SEPT,

S I

HOWS.

f Oercle Van Hontte, Ghent (four
days).

; Glasgow and West of Scotland,

Kelso.
[ Path Floral Fete (two days).

i Stirling (two days).

THURSDAY, SEPT. 5 -J Paisley (two day's).

/ Dundee (two days).

FRIDAY, Sept.

SATURDAY. Sept.

Great Fruit Show, Crystal Palace.
National Dahlia Society, Crystal
Palace (two days).

7— Dalkeith, N.B.
SALES-

MONDAY,

TUESDAY.

WEDNESDAY.

THURSDAY,

FRIDAY,

SATURDAY,

Sept

l Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris
2-' Rooms.
( Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms.

i Clearance Snle of Greenhouse Plants
SEPT. 3-j and Glass Erections, at the Hen-
( don Nurseries, Hendon.

1 Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris'
Sept. 4-J Rooms

( Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms.

<:,.„,, = ( Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris'
sept, o-j Booms-

Sept G ' lmPorted and Established Orchids,
* \ at Protheroe & Morris' Rooms.

i Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris'
Sept. "-' Rooms.

( Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms.

CORRECTED AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR THE ENSU-
ING WEEK. DEDUCED FROM THE OBSERVATIONS
OF FORTY-THREE YEARS, AT CHISWICK— SS'.S.

The lamentable deficiency of our
Culture fruit -crops this season will, we

trust, induce the over-sanguine to
exercise due caution, before embarking on what
may turn out a disastrous enterprise. We do
not, indeed, hear quite so much this year of the
enormous profits to be derived from fruit culture
on a large scale, nor on the amount of com-
pensation for agricultural losses and depres-
sions to be obtained from the extension of the
cultivation of fruits. The low prices obtained
by the growers generally should serve to instil
prudence into the minds of would-be fruit-
farmers, while a reference to our annual reports
of the fruit crops for a quarter of a century will
show that a really good fruit year is the exception
rather than the rule. In any case the prices
are, generally speaking, not very remunerative,
though doubtless, under certain circumstances,
a good return can be obtained, especially from
soft fruits, which often, indeed generally, give a
crop even when Apples fail, and with which
should be combined the culture of vegetables
and hardy flowers.

Of course there are exceptions, and no practical
man would dream of discouraging the judicious
attempts made in various quarters to turn the
land to good account in the growth of fruit.
The horticultural press has indeed not lent
itself, during the recent outcry, to exaggerated
anticipations, but has throughout advocated the
judicious employment of all methods to increase
the resources of the land, and fruit culture,

among them. Specially has it insisted on the
necessity of growing good and suitable sorts, on
careful packing, and the acquisition of the difficult
art of marketing. To put all the eggs into one
basket is notoriously impolitic — but British
farmers have too often failed to recognise this
truth, while as a class they show a lamentable want
of enterprise and initiative. On the other hand,
it must never be overlooked that fruit-farming,
like other departments of agriculture, is a
business which must be learnt not from books or
papers, or popular lectures, but from the teach-
ings of long, and often depressing, experience.
It is not the mere preparation of the land,
nor the selection of suitable sorts, that have
to be considered, but many other conditions,
such as climate, seasons, insect marauders,
fungus pests, land tenure, rent, rates, tithes,
taxes, labour, markets, distribution, the ubi-
quitous middleman, foreign competition, and a
vast number of other controlling agencies. All
these have to be reckoned with if the business
of fruit farming is to pay.

The frequent gluts in the market have, indeed,
to a very considerable extent been met by methods
of preserving on the spot; and jam-making,
though often ridiculed, has become a great, and,
it is to be presumed, a profitable undertaking.
To Mr. Gladstone, no doubt, much of this
success is due, but would-be fruit growers must
not be led away even by the eloquence and
financial insight of the great statesman. It is
one of the misfortunes of a man holding a
position like his to have to speak at times on
subjects of which he has little practical acquaint-
ance. He may, indeed, be " coached " — and
fortunate it is when it is so — by some persons
of greater practical responsibility, knowledge, and
experience than himself, and when this is so, the
influence or eloquence of the speaker are
exerted to excellent purpose. With much of
Mr. Gladstone's late address to his neighbours
at the recent Hawarden Flower Show, no excep-
tion can be taken. His utterances on that occa-
sion, of the subject of cottage gardens and allot-
ments, were so singularly like those which were
written in our columns at the very time the
great statesman was speaking, that they might
almost have been taken as the basis of our own
remarks. This, however, was a mere coincidence.
We are sure, however, our readers would not
endorse, any more than we should, his crude
remarks on grafting. Grafting the Apple on the
Pear has, no doubt, been tried, but never on a large
scale, and the results that have been obtained
have not been such as to warrant the general
adoption of the process, which must be looked on
as a mere curiosity. Still, we never know till
we try. The mysteries of grafting are very
far from being probed to the bottom. What
seems the most unlikely result sometimes happens.
An instance of this occurs to us in the case of
the Witch Hazel (JIamamelis) and the common
Hazel (Corylus). There is, as far as we can see,
no relation at all between the two shrubs but
that of the name. A certain superficial resem-
blance in foliage to the common Hazel has led to
the application of the popular name, Witch
Hazel, to a shrub which otherwise we should have
said, had not even a remote relation to the Fil-
bert or Hazel, and yet we are assured that the
Hamamelis has, for purposes of propagation, in
one of our leading nurseries, been successfully
grafted on the Hazel. We say successfully, be-
cause adhesion has resulted, and even a certain
amount of growth, but how long the union will
last is another matter ; we imagine not long.
The graft in this case lives for a time on the
resources stored up in its own tissues, aided, of

course, by the lignt, air, and moisture it can
derive from the atmosphere ; and it must, we pre-
sume, obtain the larger quantity of water it
requires through the roots of the stock whereon
it is grafted. Be this as is may, the ten-
dency of all experience goes to show that
grafting between stock and scion of such
varied nature is not permanently successful.
Again, it is by no means always the case that
graft and stock, even when nearly allied by
family relationship, will unite. These are matters
on which we have almost everything to learn.
A necessity of the times as pressing in its
way in its demands as the establishment of allot-
ments and the multiplication of cottage gardens,
is the establishment of a properly equipped
experimental garden, one not dependent on the
requirements of caprice or fashion, but suffi-
ciently well endowed to be independent of casual
support. The future prospects of fruit culture
would be much enhanced by such an insti-
tution. In the meanwhile, every intelligent
cultivator might make tentative experiments for
himself before rushing into business on a large
scale, and by these means would infallibly obtain
an amount of knowledge and experience which
would not only prevent him from embarking on
hazardous enterprises, but would afford him most
valuable hints for their successful prosecution.

The Queen's Welsh Journey.— The Tims

correspondent, who seems to have a larger ac-
quaintance with flowers than most journalists,
thus notices the decorations at Wrexham : —
" At the bottom of the slope, a highly elaborate
triumphal archway, erected, I believe, by the com-
mittee, leflected great credit on its authors. It
took the form of a large central arch with two
side archways, and the background was composed of
Heather and Portugal Laurel, cunningly intermingled
from rock turrets. On each side projected at the
top trophies of flags, some 3 feet from the top of
the lesser turrets, surmounting the side archways.
On each side was a wreath of Asters, and at about
the height of the eyes of a passer-by were, what for
lack of a better word may be described as circular
bosses of Marigolds. The top of the structure at
the centre was surmounted by a floral crown, upon
one side, and the other of the central archway, high
up, were the letters V. It. in white Japanese Ane-
mones and Phloxes of a soft lilac and pink colour.
Below were bosses of Zinnias, and the line of each
archway was marked with gorgeous Dahlias. The
legends were on the side nearest to the station,
' Welcome to our beloved Queen,' and on the far
side, a Welsh rendering of the same sentiment in
the words ' Croesaw ein hanwyl frenheinas.' I
linger over this because out of many triumphal
arches, it was far and away the most graceful
that has ever come within my notice. — At Bala,
magnificent bouquets, supplied by Messrs. Dickson,
of Chester, and designed and arrange'd by their skilled
specialists in this department of their business, were
presented. Messrs. Dickson, seeing they hold the
appointment of nurserymen to her Majesty, pre-
sented the committee with the elegant bouquet for
the Queen herself. This bouquet was composed of
choicest Orchids of varying shade, prominent
amongst which were Cattleya Gaskelliana, Disa gran-
diflora, with Odontoglossum (varieties), and grace-
fully introduced Tea Roses, Stephanotis, Eucharis,
and Allamandas were added charms of perfume
and beauty ; delicate Ferns completed the choice
arrangement, which was mounted on an elegantly-
made lace and satin holder. The bouquets for
Princess Beatrice and Princess Alice were of
slightly different form, but to the uninitiated they
seemed equal in beauty and delicacy with that pre-
pared for Her Majesty. Princess Beatrice's-
bouquet was daintily rounded off in a flower circle
perfect in form, full of fresh fragrance, and mounted
on a beautifully-worked cream-coloured lace and
satin holder ; and the bouquet for the Princes*
Alice was equally beautiful.

Acgust 31, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

247

The Botanic Society of France. — On
the 1'yth, M. H. L. de Vilmorin, as President of the
Botanic Society of France, entertained the foreign
botanists attending the Botanical Congress, at
dinner, to the number of about sixty at the Res-
taurant Champeaux, Place de la Bourse. Among
the guests present we noticed M. Goltz, of Luxem-
bourg ; 0. Penzig, Director of the Botanic Gardens
at Genoa; C. Hansen, Danish Vice-President; C.
Timiriazeff, Russian Vice-President ; M. Glaziou of
Rio Janeiro ; Dr. Hartog, English Vice-President ;
P. I,. Simmonds, Ed. Andre, Editor of the Some

proved, and Mr. Denton appears so far to have
gained his point, inasmuch, as since the trial
" he has had nothing to complain of,"' owing to
the great improvement as regards the smoke from
the engines. The following passage from a printed
circular of Mr. Denton's, sums up the case from his
point of view, and will be read with interest by
those placed under similar circumstances : —

"In the case of Bailey- Denton v. The Great
Northern Railway (1889) it is made manifest (1),
that properties adjacent to railways may be con-
siderably depreciated by the carelessness of railway

and tasted on the affected fruit and leaves by local
witnesses, and that if the injuries were done as-
alleged, they were the result of a fair exercise of
the statutory powers possessed by all railway
companies !
" Since the trial no damage has been done !

M. Lemoine's new Hybrid Gladioli.— These
are the offspring of G. gandavensis, crossed with G.
purpureo-auratus. The parentage is evidenced by
the large, deep-coloured spots on the flower seg-
ments. Crossed again with G. Saundersianus, a race

Fio. 34. — view in the central tark, new yobe. (see p. 248.)

Hortkole ; Professor Edward Bureau, Museum of
Natural History ; and J. Poisson, Aide Naturaliste ;
G. Roux, Dr. E. Cosson, Paul Maury, Dr. P. Veuil-
lemin, and others.

Railway Smoke, Soot, and Cinders.— Mr.

Bailey Denton has published in pamphlet form the
report of an unsatisfactory trial before the County
Court Judge at Hitchin. The pamphlet details the
nuisance and injury to which Mr. Denton has been
subjected on the part of the servants of the Great
Northern Railway Company. The jury were unable
to agree upon the point as to whether there had been
negligence on the part of the Company, although the
injury to Mr. Denton's garden appears to have been

servants ; (2), that complaints may be made and
habitually acknowledged yet practically disregarded
by railway officials ; and (3), that injuries to pro-
perties immediately adjoining railways may be
caused by the indifference of both officials and
servants to any complaints made by sufferers,
although the injuries may be obvious to any dis-
interested practical man.

"The attention of all persons interested in the
proper regulation of railways is called to the great
efforts made by the Great Northern Railway Com-
pany, in this case, to prove, through experts from a
distance (who are always available), that the injuries
complained of were not caused by the smoke, soot,
cinders, or coal-ashes, which were positively seen

/>as been produced known as G. nanceianus X , some-
specimens of which were exhibited at a recent meet-
ing of the lioyal Horticultural Society, and which
have been described in our columns by Mr. Gumble-
ton. Their beauty and hardiness are great points in
their favour.

A NEW CHERRY.— There was a fine display of
fruit at the annual exhibition of the Taunton Deane
Horticultural Society, held on August 15, and in a
collection of ten dishes, shown by Mr. R. Nicholas,
gr. to Earl Fortescue, Castle Hill, South Molton,
appeared a very fine-looking late Cherry, under the
name of Castle Hill Seedling, a large shining black
fruit, of the Black Tartarian type ; very handsome,

242

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 81, 1889.

and of agreeable flavour. Our correspondent took
them at first sight to be unusually fine Morellos,
but a closer examination revealed a wide differ-
ence. It is undoubtedly a very fine late variety,
and in its size and plumpness was in marked
contrast with Governor Wood and Florence, which
found a place in other collections. This fine
variety came up as an accidental seedling, and
at Castle Hill there is a tree of it trained against
an east wall, where it does well, and it is a great
favourite with Earl Fortescue. The stock of this
Cherry appears to be entirely in the hands of Mr.
Nicholas. It would afford an excellent opportunity
for comparison, if a dish of this Cherry were sub-
mitted for the opinion of the Fruit Committee of the
Hoyal Horticultural Society.

Presentation to Mr. James Huntley —

On the occasion of the fortieth exhibition of the
Trowbridge Horticultural Society, on the 21st inst.,
a presentation was made to Mr. James Huxtley, the
popular hon. secretary, in commemoration of his
having served the Society in this capacity for the
space of twenty-five years. The gift consisted of an
elaborate over-mantel, a handsome clock, and bronze
ornaments to match, together with an illuminated
address from the Society, signed by the President, on
behalf of the members. The presentation, which
was made by Mr. Stancomr, took place at the
luncheon, after the prizes were awarded.

Window Plant Competition.— The annual

competition for prizes for window plants grown by
children — members of the Christ Church Band of
Hope, Chelsea, took place on Wednesday last, in the
parish room adjoining the schools. It is gratifying
to notice the growing popularity of childrens' flower
shows, especially in the metropolis — the idea is
worthy of every encouragement — for apart from
teaching the little ones the art of gardening, and the
reason why certain things are done, it is the means
whereby the life of children may be made pleasanter
than it often is in towns.

Flowers in Season— Mr. Wolley Dod sends

us flowers of the large white fleshy-leaved Chrysan-
themum lacustre, alias latifolium, and a single-
flowered Helianthus raised from seed of H. doroni-
coides, but greatly resembling H. rigidus. The
leaves (upper) are broadly lanceolate, tapering to
both ends, entire, and the flower-heads .'i inches
across, rich deep yellow, surrounded by an involucre
like that of rigidus. Mr. Wake sends a fine bunch
of perennial Sunflowers, among which we note H.
multiflorus major, stems greenish ; leaves broadly
ovate-acuminate ; flower-heads 3A inches across,
bright canary yellow. H. m. maximus, similar to the
preceding; but the flower-heads measure 4.^ inches
across, and the rays are broader — a superior variety.
Helianthus multiflorus plenus is similar to H. m.
major, but the interior or disc florets are ligulate,
like those of the ray but shorter. H. multiflorus
grandiplenus has the ray florets ligulate, and of the
same length as those of the disc. H. rigidus semi-
plenus has stems reddish, slender ; upper leaves
linear; flower-heads 3 inches across, semi-double.
From Messrs. Kelway & Sons we have received
a most beautiful hybrid Gladiolus purpurea auratus x
G. Gandavensis. The spike was of moderate dimen-
sion, but the colour, that of claret, when held up to
the sunlight, differs from anything we have before
observed in Gladioli. It is named Leonard Kelway.

ROSA pomifera. — Mr. Bubbidge sends us
foliage and fruit of this Rose, figured in Gardeners'
Chronicle, 1880, vol. xxv., p. 237. The foliage is bold
and handsome, and has the fragrance of the Sweet
Brier. The fruits are globose, the size of those
of the Siberian Crab Apple, scarlet, and covered
with stiff bristles.

Hong Kong Botanic Garden. -From the

annual report we learn that the Siberian bear has
again given considerable trouble. He made several

attempts to pull his house down, on one occasion he
succeeded in ripping the iron roof, and another time
he made considerable progress in demolishing the
brick walls. He also succeeded in squeezing to death
the Siamese bear, which had been his associate for
the last two years. The house has been very much
strengthened, and there is now no fear of the bear
being able to effect his escape. Young gardeners
proceeding to colonial gardens should ascertain
whether the charge of a bear-pit is likely to lall to
their share, and be cautious accordingly. Meantime
the conduct of a pelican in our national garden at
Kew is stated to be not altogether free from
reproach. The following are the kinds and num-
bers of trees planted, reared in situ, and reared
from broadcast sowing, as detailed in the annual
report of the Botanic Garden : —

Finns sinensis
,, ,, in situ
,, ,, broadcast

Tristanea conferta..

Camphor

Bamboos

Ficus repens

Miscellaneous

379,621

2rt9 997

50,030

4.297

7,658

320

400

682,32.r)

Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Institu-
tion.— We are given to understand that Mr.
Edmund Yates, of the World, has expressed his
willingness to take the chair on the occasion of the
annual friendly dinner, after the general meeting,
on or about January 17 next. He will be supported
by the Very Rev. the Dean of Rochester, Sir
Robert Peel, and others.

The Gardeners' Season.— It often happens

that, for long months, " the family is away from
home," and then much of the gardeners' work is
devoted to the production of garden supplies to be
sent to a distance. In the autumn, however, it
generally happens that the gardener has the pleasure
of showing his handiwork to his employer, while
large demands are made upon him for floral decora-
tions and the supply of the table. Then is the value
of the gardener's foresight and labour put to the
test. Among many migrations we note the fol-
lowing : —

Culford. — Lord Cadogan has recently purchased
this place near Bury St. Edmunds.

Baron's Court, Tyroxe. — Lord George Hamil-
ton is about to visit this place.

St. Mary's Tower, Birxam. — The Duke of Rut-
land is about to proceed to this place.

Whittinghame, Preston Kirk. — Mr. A. J. Bal-
rouR is about to proceed to his seat at this place.

Wei.beck. — The Duke and Duchess of Portland
will entertain friends in September.

Raby Castle. — The Duke and Duchess of Cleve-
land are at Raby.

Foston Hall, Leicestershire. — The Hon. George
Allsopp has taken this place on a short lease.

Dunrobin. — The Duke and Duchess of Suther-
land are in residence.

Tar hat House. — Lord and Lady Cromartie are
at their family seat near Tain.

Idsworth Park has been, says the World, let to
Mr. Matthews, the Home Secretary.

A Case for the Nomenclature Com-
mittee.— "Begonia hybrida gigantea carminata
semperfiorens " — very convenient, isn't it ?

The Culture of Flowers in Roumania

is very general. Not only every peasant's house in
the country has its corner of the garden reserved for
flowers and odoriferous plants, but also in the towns
the houses are all surrounded by gardens, and the
ladies raise in their rooms a great variety of flowers.
Large proprietors have also in the town and country
pleasure-gardens, greenhouses, and Orange groves.
In nearly all the towns there are also public gardens
very picturesquely laid out, where a great variety of
flowers and plants are to be seen.

PLANT PORTRAITS.

Anthurium Andreanum var. atropurpureum. —
Spathe rich crimson ; var. Louis.h, pale pink. Revue
de I' Horticulture, Beige, August.

Apple Wax (Cire), Bulletin d' Arboriculture, July.

Begonia peltata var. President de Boureuil-
les. — A variety with obliquely lanceolate, denticulate
leaves, pink above, with dark veins, rich crimson
beneath.

Canna indica. — 1, Victor Hugo, crimson;
Guillaume Coston, yellow, with red spots. Garten-
flora, August.

Cattleya Trian.i:, Popayan variety, Orchido-
phile, July.

Passiflora triloba. Illustration Horticolc, t. 83.

Pear Calabasse Abbe Fetel, Bulletin d' Arboricul-
ture, June.

Primula cortusoides, Journal of the Japanese
Horticultural Society, June, 1889.

Prunus Simoni, Canadian Horticulturist, July.

Restrepia antennifera, Illustrierte Monatshefte,
July.

Vriesia Magniniajta x (Bareilleti X fenestralis),
Garicnflora, July 1.

THE CENTRAL PARK,
NEW YORK.

Central Park, now one of the finest and most
beautiful in the world, is so called from its situation,
the centre of Manhattan Island, upon which New
York stands. It was little else than an uneven,
rocky wilderness till the year 1857, when the city
authorities determined to form a park and recreation-
ground on it. The landscape design was by
Frederick Law Olmstead, and the work as carried
out is one of the greatest achievements of its kind
in modern times.

The idea throughout has been to imitate Nature,
and to move as little soil as possible in carrying
out the design, rather emphasising favourable and
pretty spots. In this way the land has been most
successfully treated.

The scenery imitated approaches in style that of
the banks of the Hudson River'. The area of the
Park is 810 acres, 400 of which have been planted
with 500,000 trees and shrubs. A striking feature
is found in the large amount of table rock which is
scattered over the Park, from the banks of the lakes
to the highest point called Belvedere, from -which
the great extent of the park may be seen, stretched
below, as in a panorama, and over which trail native
Vines and the pretty Ampelopsis Veitchii. There
are nineteen entrances, to which such popular name*
as Children's, Hunter's, Woman's Gate, &c, have
been given.

Besides the many walks, terraces, and valleys, the
Mall is one of the finest in New York, with its grand
avenue of American Elms, leading to the terrace
and Bethesda Fountain, shown in our figure (fig. 34).
The idea is suggested from the Bible story, the Pool
of Bethesda.

Monuments are dotted over the Park, including
an Egyptian obelisk. The requirements of the public
generally have been studied, and to this end places
for baseball and other games have been provided,
besides a handsomely fitted casino. The " Zoo, "one
of the finest in America, is free to all. The " Lily'
pond is of much interest to horticulturists, and during
the summer it holds most of the choicer Nympheas,
including the Sacred Lotus of the Nile. In the
springtime the Park appears to the greatest advan-
tage, with its gay parterres of Tulips, the beauty of
the tree foliage, and the numerous deciduous shrubs
then blooming, noticeable the lovely Cercis canadensis
and Magnolia soulangeana.

Twenty million dollars have already been ex-
pended on the Park, and improvements are still going,
on. We are indebted to the genial superintendent
of the Park, Mr. S. O. Parsons, for the information
supplied to us, and to whom great credit is due for the
excellent state in which this, and the whole of the
other New York parks of which he has charge, are
maintained.

August 31, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

249

Home Correspondence.

Correspondents will greatly oblige by sending early
intelligence of local events likely to be of interest to
our readers, or of any matters ivhich it is desirable to
bring under the notice of horticulturists.
Photographs or drawings of gardens, or of remarkablf
plants, flowers, trees, 4'c, are also solicited.

BIRDS AND FRUITS. — We have never seen small
•birds— in general— more plentiful than they have
been this season, especially starlings, swallows,
sparrows, thrushes, and chaffinches, and never saw
less inclination of the feathered tribe to molest fruit
•crops and seeds— probably there is a tangible reason
for this— as we do not remember having been visited
with such shoals of aphis and slugs, the food of many
species. We are never willing to disturb birds, and
use, as far as circumstances will allow, nets, wire
protectors, and other means to keep them from
fruits and seeds ; but to attempt to protect all would
entail more expense than the produce was worth.
Birds soon get used to noises when often repeated
to scare them ; the noise of a gun becomes familiar
in course of time. Two cats brought up in the
•garden— and which they will not leave when their
•home has been established among fruit bushes and
trees, form profitable servants. A small hutch for
shelter, as often used for rabbits, to which they can
go and come, completes their domestic comfort, and
no harm is done by the cats, but they themselves
are a continual terror to the birds, and the latter are
by them kept at safe distance from the crops. Tame
hawks and owls, too, are capital workers, and their
presence saves much in the way of nets, powder and
«hot, and shouting by the voice. These birds get
yery tame, and become attached to the men who are
invariably kind to them. We lately saw a magpie
sitting chattering on a workman's shoulder while he
was plying his hoe. Speaking of tame birds, at
Canon House, Stirlingshire, there is at oresent
(August 14) a swallow's nest with five young ones,
built on a Peach-house door, which is being con-
tinually opened and shut. Birds' Friend.

TOPPING PEAS. — It appeared at one time during
June'that Teas were likely to prove a failure from
drought, and watering ad lib. seemed to do more harm
than good, but the rains came in good time in super-
abundance, causing the haulm to break out afresh —
showing a second crop, and by careful topping them
to the level of the stakes, capital crops of extra
•quality are being gathered. Many object to the prac-
tice of topping Peas, but when judiciously done, with
a good watering with liquid manure immediately
afterwards, it causes a vigorous growth to start, and
abundance of pods set and turn in for use. If there
is a cessation of rain, good Peas may be expected very
late this season ; among a number of kinds on trial,
we observe that the good old Ne Plus Ultra still holds
its own. Its worst fault is the height it attains, and
the best gatherings are from the top— so stopping is
not of so much advantage with this kind as with some
others. Dr. McLean has done first-rate— and not
being a tall grower, its value is thus enhanced.
Multum in Parvo among dwarfs has distanced all
others— and is a profitable kind to grow — a row can
be sown where ground would not be of much service
for any other crop ; Champion of England is bearing
an excellent second crop, after being well-topped
some weeks ago— but on poor shallow ground
" topping " is better left alone. T.

FUCHSIAS OUTDOORS.— Although not definitelv
stated, the paragraph by " A. D." (p. 19o) would lead
one to the inference that Mr. Paice removed his
Fuchsias to warmer quarters in the winter, and this is
i no doubt the best plan where the necessary accom-
modation is available ; any dry shed that is 'perfectly
frost- proof will be all that is required to keep them
alive through the winter. But Fuchsias of many
kinds form beautiful objects in the summer months
if treated as herbaceous plants, by cutting down the
stems as soon as the leaves are cut by frost in the
autumn, and covering the old stools with a plentiful
supply of coal-ashes [or fine leaf-mould, or even
tree-leaves] ; treated in this manner they require no
staking or tying, and look more natural and
pleasing than when the old stems are preserved. I
have noticed Venus de Medici and Maid of Kent as

being more hardy than some of the newer varieties,
and among the species, F. corallina, F. globosa, F.
gracilis, and F. Riccartoni, are some of the hardier
kinds ; the two latter will often stand the winter
without any protection whatever. I noticed two
beautiful rows of F. Riccartoni at Rufford Abbey a
few days since ; each row was about 200 feet long,
and, being close to the lawn, the plants were shown
off to perfection, and formed quite a remarkable
feature in the garden. I think Mr. Doe said they
stood the winter there without any protection. In
cold localities they may be planted in corners near
the walls of the mansion, and similar positions,
where their roots will be drier and warmer than they
would in the open border. W. H. Divers, Kelton Hall,
Stamford.

HARDY FRUITS IN NORTH YORKSHIRE.— Since
I wrote to you on the fruit crops in this part of
Yorkshire, I have had time to frame out a more correct
account than I was able to give in the early part of
July. Bush fruit had a good promise, and where
care was taken, either with mulching or watering, and
in some cases both, the crop was heavy, and very fine.
In many places where this was neglected, the crop
was entirely lost, having been burnt up, so that it was
not worth gathering. This happened in many places
with farmers and cottagers. Strawberries scarcely
lasted more than ten days or a fortnight, where they
were not well cared for in mulching and watering ;
where these were attended to the crops were abundant,
and good in quality. The Apple crop is not so good
as one was led to expect ; trees that had a fair good
set of fruit went on falling until August ; in some
cases the crop is all gone. This happened before
my own eyes. The falling process went on longer
than I ever remember. In some counties the old
saying is that Apples get christened on St. Swithin's
day, and they are then safe. It was not the case in
North Yorkshire this year. Another saying in
Somersetshire is, after setting, the Apples go off to
sheep-shearing, and will return at harvest — meaning,
they will show themselves ; with us they are like
Halley's comet — a long time returning. Plums
fell off in very dry places very much, but not to the
same extent as did the Apples. Pears generally have
not that tendency to drop as Apples have, but from
the absence of sun last summer they have been as
fickle as they can well be ; some of the trees,
instead of blooming at the proper time, have been in
flower more or less all the summer. This will show
what an unripe state the bloom-buds were left in
last autumn. Some few Pear trees on the south
wall have heavy crops on them, and had to be
thinned severely ; others are disfigured by cater-
pillars, and without fruit. Peaches and Nectarines
are not much grown outside ; where they are, failure
is complete, and the trees are damaged considerably
from the want of sun last summer, and the early
severe frost on October 2 last autumn, gave them
the finishing stroke. Apricots are a failure gene-
rally, but here and there we hear of a fine crop of
fruit growing at the end of a cottage, where it is
warmed by the chimney. The trees suffered very
much last spring from canker and loss of branches ;
since then the bright sun in July seems to have
put new life into them. William Culvcrwcll, Thorpe
Perrow, North Yorkshire.

HEAVY PEACHES.— I observe in the Gardeners'
Chronicle of August 10, a case of extraordinary weight
of Peaches Noblesse and Gladstone. I may say that
I have just gathered six Albatross Peaches which
weighed 4 lb., the largest of them being 14.V oz. in
weight. Thomas Oldham, Malvern Sail, Solihull.

PENTSTEMONS IN THE OPEN IN WINTER.— It
is found that few of the hybrids of which P. gentia-
noides is one of the parents, are sufficiently hardy to
stand the rigors of an ordinary winter. Will some
readers of the Gardeners' Chronicle give their experi-
ence of this matter. We know that P. gentianoides
will live and flower abundantly if in winter it is
covered with coal ashes, leaf-mould, or tree leaves
to the depth of 8 inches. The plant is more graceful
in habit than the hybrids, and makes a pretty bed or
row. M. W.

ECHINOCACTUS PUMILA. — I have been in the
habit of growing a few succulents, and amongst
them the above species, which has produced buds,
but as yet I have not seen the flower, unless what I
call the bud is the flower as well; it is like a small
camel's- hair pencil more than anything I can com-
pare it to. I have watched it day after day, and
night also, to see it, but to no purpose ; but finding

it swollen as if it had seed, I was curious to cut one
of them, and found it was full of ripe seed, which is
to me a mystery as yet ; it has many buds or flowers,
or both, if it is a flower at least. The plant is
1| inch high and three-quarters of an inch in
diameter, with nine or ten buds. I should feel
obliged to any readers of the Gardeners' Chronicle if
they could enlighten me on this matter, as I am
quite at a loss. It must be a very short-lived flower,
if it opens at all, or else have a particular time of
doing so. J. S. C.

AMERICAN BLIGHT.— During the dry and hot
weather of June this pest assumed its perfect form,
and in unprecedented numbers flew far and wide
over the country. Many gardeners did not recog-
nise the plague, as, although mealy in appearance, it
was without the woolly covering peculiar to the more
familiar larval stage. The serious character of the
invasion, however, soon betrayed itself in white tufts
on the branches and twigs of Apple trees which
previously had been clean and healthy. Wherever
the winged woolly aphides had settled, small colonies
of young ones in the usual form of American blight
speedily appeared in the axils of the leaves, until old
wood and young were alike affected. In a very
short space of time the bark was eaten through, and,
in some cases, the branch so weakened as to be no
longer able to support its load of fruit. There was
no time to lose ; so old paint-brushes and various
insecticides were looked up, and various expe-
riments were tried upon the sensitive backs of
the woolly aphides. I found that the chief merit
was in the brush, for the least touch of the bristles
disagreed with them. Gishurst Compound, soft-
soap, paraffin, linseed oil, methylated spirits, tobacco-
juice, and decoction of quassia chips, all are good;
but one application does not suffice, as, although all
die that are touched, one is sure to miss some of the
less conspicuous tufts, and at this season of the year
the woolly aphis breeds at a surprising rate. It
should be followed up now whilst it is visible, for
by-and-bye it will go into winter quarters, and be
less easy to find. So seemed to think a fine white-
throat last Sunday, which I watched making a hearty
meal off American blight on a standard Apple tree
that had not been cleaned. When he had finished
he wiped his beak with an air of having done his
duty, and found it agreeable ! W. R., Streatham Hill.

ROSCOIA PURPUREA.— There can be no doubt of
the hardiness of this plant (p. 186). I have grown
it without protection for many years. It was killed
by the drought of 1887 ; but I have another plant
which has been in flower now for more than a month.
Rev. Canon Ellacombe, Bitten Vicarage.

CALYSTEGIA PUBESCENS FLORE-PLENO— This

pretty and useful twining plant, is apparently rarely
met with. It will adapt itself to almost any aspect,
is perfectly hardy, and will thrive in ordinary .garden
soil. The Calystegias are known as Bindweeds, or
Bearbind, as are some other members ot the
Convolvulus family, and come from China.
Just now, there are several fine specimens in
flower at the Fulham Road entrance to the
West Brompton Cemetery, trained in pairs on
bean-sticks, tied with a view to forming arches. The
notion is certainly a good one, and very suggestive
of the habit of the plant, but I think that they would
have an infinitely more pleasing effect when growing
on strings against a wall or bank, or on wire trellises.
A box full of its blossoms accompanies this notice,
which were given me by the gate-keeper there,
and you will observe that they are of a par-
ticularly soft and mellow tint, very double, of
somewhat similar size and colour to an ordinary
flower of the I.ady Hume's blush Camellia, or a small
La France Rose. Unfortunately, the old flowers
soon close up (characteristic of this order), but are
continually replaced by young blooms, for the Caly-
stegia pubescens flore-pleno is a prodigious bloomer.
/I'. Xapper, Chelsea. [Large blooms of the usual soft
blush tint. The plants look best in a mass against a
wall ; and when once planted in suitable soil, and in
a warm position, it is not readily eradicated. Ed.]

YUCCA ALOIFOLIA. — The photograph herewith
sent is that of two plants of Yucca aloifolia varie-
gata growing in the conservatory of Kinbury House,
the residence of John Paterson, Esq., Provost of St.
Andrews. They are plants about twenty years
old, and have never been cut down. One of them
has previously flowered twice, and the other once.
The height of the plants from the surface of the
pots is 0 feet, the flower-spikes measuring 2 feet.

250

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 31, 1889.

The flowers are creamy-white, and have continued in
good condition for nearly a month. These plants,
with their lanceolate variegated leaves, surmounted
by the tall graceful spikes of flower, have a most
unique and stately appearance. I am indebted to
Mr. I). Dewar, who has the management of the
gardens, for the photograph and details. James
Wilson, jun., Grcenside Nursery, St. Andrews, N.B.

PELORIA IN LARKSPUR.

Foa the specimen whence our illustration (fig. 35)
•was taken, we are indebted to Dr. Conwentz, of
Dantzig. As will be seen, the flower is destitute of
the usual spur, and is thus rendered regular ; while
the parts of the flower are all more or less leafy.
Such degenerations are curious and useful, as indi-
cations of the plan upon which such flowers are
formed, and of the modificatious they usually undergo
during their growth and development. In them the
development has been, from some cause pr another,
checked, and the result is a regular and more or less
leafy flower. The five carpels, even, are represented
by small green leaves, with rudimentary ovules on
their margins.

CURLED LEAVES.

The accompanying illustration (fig. 36, p. 251)
represents, on a reduced scale, a branch of Banksia
marginata, for which we are indebted to Baron Von
Mueller. It will be seen that the upper surface of
the leaf is rolled back from the tip towards the base.
Other cases of the kind are sometimes 'seen, as in
the Salix annularis of gardens, which is merely a
variation of the common Weeping Willow, as is
proved by the occasional appearance of a shoot
bearing leaves of the ordinary character. At Mr.
Turner's nursery at Uxbridge, amongst a very choice
and well selected collection of trees and shrubs, we
lately noticed a whole quarter of the Laurel-Cherry,
Cerasus Lauro-cerasus var. camellia;folia with leaves
of this character, forming a very desirable variety
to the usual monotony of the common Laurel so called.
The appearance is apparently the result of the dispro-
portionate growth of the cellular and the fibrous
part of the leaf, so that the midrib acts as a bridle
and check. At least, this is the only explanation
we can give, though that does not help us to the
reason whv.

Societies.

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL.

August 27.— The usual meeting of the Floral
and Fruit Committees took place in the Drill Hall,
James Street, Westminster, aud was the occasion of
a cheerful display of flowers in season, chiefly
Gladioli, Dahlias, Asters, and herbaceous perennials,
by nurserymen.

Of Orchids, there were but few, but some pretty
Ferns and Bouvardias assisted the display. Fruit
■was represented by, chiefly, a collection of Plums ;
also a nursery exhibit. The professional gardener
and the amateur were, as is too often the case, con-
spicuous by their absence. They will have a fine
chance to redeem their character at the vegetable
conference.

Floral Committee.

Present : Shirley Ilibberd, Esq., in the chair; and
Messrs. R. Dean, C. Drewry, W. Goldrine, W. H.
Williams, K. B. Lowe, W. Ingram, C. Noble, T.
Baines, B. Wynne, H. Turner, M. T. Masters, J.
Fraser, and L. Castle.

Of Dahlias, we remarked a goodly exhibit of show
flowers from Messrs. Keynes, Williams & Co.,
Salisbury, to the number of five dozen, generally
large, fine blooms, showing the master hand in
preparation. Taking the certificated blooms first,
there were Alice Emily, a pure yellow with a
salmony-bronze centre— a massive, globular bloom ;
Reliance, a bufl'-coloured bloom with a tinge of
purple in the centre ; it is of medium size. Other
nice flowers were— John Hickling, a clear bright

canary-yellow ; Crimson Globe, an exquisite tint —
these, and the others shown, were seedlings of recent
date. Cactus Dahlias worthy of mention — Honorie,
yellow ; Panthea, cinnabar-red ; Asia, a pretty
blush ; Empress of India, claret (not new) ; Hy.
Patrick, a white. Pompons were also shown, of
which Fairy Tales, of a primrose-colour ; and Eden,
a crimson colour, were the prettiest.

Messrs. Kelway & Son, Langport, made a brilliant
array of spikes of Gladioli, amongst which were
many fine spikes and beautiful colours; Vulso, a
rosy-red flower, with a white throat, and Duke of
Fife, a flower with rosy-crimson flakes on a white
ground, met the approbation of the committee. In
many instances the flowers individually equalled in
size those of an ordinary Amaryllis. Gaillardias
and show and fancy Dahlias formed part of the
exhibit of this firm. A Silver-gilt Banksian Medal
was accorded the exhibitors.

Seedling Dahlias of the Cactus section were shown
by Messrs. II. Cannell & Sons ; and of the show class
by Mr. S. P. Haines.

A varied display of hardy flowers came from Mr.
T. Ware's nursery, Tottenham, the more prominent
subjects being Cactus and single-flowered Dahlias,
Lilies, Iceland Poppies, Satyriums, &c. In the former,
mention may be made of Beauty of Brentwood, a
fine purplish-crimson, and Professor Baldwin, a
scarlet flower. In single varieties there were Florrie
Fisher, purple and white ; Isaac Pitman, lilac
speckled with crimson ; and Miss Kennett, yellow,

Fli.. 35.— PELOBIA IN LAEKSl'IR.

speckled and striped with scarlet. Pompone Dahlias
formed a part of the exhibit. A sulphur form of the
Iceland Poppies is a novelty ; it was named Papaver
nudicaule sulphurea. The variety is said to come
true at the nursery from seed. Satyrium carneum,
and S. carneum roseum, a brighter form of the first-
named, were shown in robust examples ; also S.
aurantvacum, an orange-coloured species. A fine
strain of Scabious, named Snowball, apparently a
great improvement on any white of German origin,
and bunches of flowers of Watsonia rosea were
shown in this collection.

Hardy perennials and " picture " trees and shrubs
formed an interesting exhibit from Messrs. Paul &
Son, The Old Nursery, Cheshunt. Amongst the
best flowers of the season are Aster, A. Shortii has a
dense head of blue flowers ; A. bessarabicus has
large purple flowers and a stiff, less dense habit.
Several forms of Anemone japonica, viz., A. j. rosea ;
A. j. elegans, were noticed, also two handsome Rud-
beckias, Neumannii, yellow rays and black disc, and
purpurea light purple rays and black disc ; Rosa rugosa
and R. r. flore-pleno (Comte d'Empresnal), the latter
a darker shade of purple, and with two or three
rows of petals, whilst in other respects it resembled
the type. The deep blue-flowered Clematis Hen-
dersoni ; shoots of many variegated-leaved shrubs and
trees were shown ; several robust decorative grasses,
and Arundo conspicua, and Paul's New Rose Ches-
hunt Scarlet, a bright coloured Noisette, were found
in the group.

Messrs. Fisher, Sibray & Son, Sheffield, showed a
quite new Yew in Taxus adpressa, a plant with
golden variegation, quite distinct and likely to

prove of value in the garden. Another variety,
shown probibly for sake of comparison, was a varie-
gated Irish Yew. Two forms of Lapageria rosea were
likewise shown ; L. r. maculata, with white marbling
in the throat, of a conspicuous character ; and L.
r. profusa, in which this is much less marked, and
which possesses the greater substance in the flowers.

Several new plants came from Mr. B. S. -Wil-
liams' Nursery, Upper Holloway, these included
three new Anthuriums, with large leaves and paleish
spathes, their value, therefore, depending more on
the former than on the latter. A. gandavense has
a salmon-pink spathe, A. Paradise, has a blush-pink
spathe, and A. candidum a white one. Sarracenia
decora is a plant whose pitchers stand 9 inches high,
and are of a bright brown colour, with numerous
circular, white tesselations. Dracaena indivisa varie-
gata is a good decorative plant ; a panful of Cypri-
pedium oenanthum exhibited the good points of this
species well. A sturdy bushy-habited Carludovica
palmifolia was the finest plant of the collection;
excellent for subtropical gardening and general
decoration.

Messrs. J. Veitch & Son, Chelsea, showed Phaius
phillipenensis, a species with a slender spike sur-
mounted with four flowers, whose petals are fawn
coloured, sepals and tube white, the latter being 1
inch in length, and with a circle of rose-coloured
stripes, showing in the interior at about halfway down
(see p. 239). Warmhouse Rhododendron Ophelia, a
salmon colour, with a suffusion of purple over it, was
admirable, and is one of the prettiest they have yet
raised. Many others were shown, of which we may
mention Thetis, a yellow ; and Balsamina:flora rajah,
orange and scarlet, with the rudiments oi" a double
flower. The fine new Lily, Nepalense, was shown, a
plant of u.V feet, surmounted with one of its rich-
looking flowers.

Many fine seedling Ferns in Pteris and Adiantum
came from Mr. May's nursery, Upper Edmonton ;
Pteris serrulata densa is of a neat dwarf habit of a
density not usual in Pteris, and with fronds so much
divided at the ends as to resemble moss. P. lepto-
phylla princeps is a desirable variety, with a dark-
green edge to its pinna;.

Some very fine Bouvardias came from this ex-
hibitor, including the best of the old varieties, and
B. Hogarth, fl.-pl., rose coloured. Many well-
coloured small Crotons formed part of the exhibit,
as did Carnation Mrs. H. B. May, a deep cerise with
a continuous flowering habit.

Mr. Stevens, St. John's Nursery, Putney, showed
a sport from Pompone Chrysanthemum Precocite,
named Maude Pitman; it is of an orange colour,
and very free to bloom.

Messrs. Paul & Son, Cheshunt, exhibited stan-
dards of Hedera latifolia maculata; and Mr. G.
Jackman & Sons, Woking, Clematis Baron Veil-
lard, for Baron Veillard, Orleans. It is a puce,
five-petalled flower, and very free, flowers 4 inches
across.

A few fine Hollyhock blooms of a variety named
Delicata, came from Messrs. Webb & Brand, Saffron
Walden ; Mr. R. Dean showed Dwarf German, and
New Victoria Asters.

Mr. J. T. West, Cornwall, Brentwood, showed
Cactus Dahlia Marchioness of Bute, white, tipped
with purplish-rose— the flowers 6 inches across, very
effective, either cut or on the plant

A strain of Chrysanthemum flowered Aster, termed
New Queen, came from the establishment of Messrs.
J. Carter & Co. All have nice well-formed flowers,
and are of compact dwarf habit, some very much so.
The exhibit was divided into groups of various colours.
A pretty selection of bedding Violas was shown by
Mr. T. F. Dranfield, Valentines, Ilford.

Orchid Committee.

Present : Maxwell T. Masters, in the chair ; and
Messrs. H. Williams, H. M. Pollett, J. Dominy, C.
Pilcher, E. Hill, J. O'Brien, and L. Castle.

But few Orchids were shown, and, with regard to
one of the plants, the question was raised, whether
Orchids of early importation, but which are still
scarce, are entitled to a certificate. The Secretary
stated they were, if the committee decides that they
merit the distinction. A small specimen in flower
of Phaius phillipinensis was shown by Messrs. J.
Veitch & Sons, a full description of which will be
found in our new plant column (p. 239).

Mr. Cullimore. gr. to Male. Cook, Esq., Kingston,
Hill, exhibited Cook's variety of La:lia elegans, a
flower possessing a larger and finer-coloured lip, and ,
sepals and petals differing in colour somewhat from

August 31, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS" CHRONICLE

251

the type, of which several plants were likewise
shown by him.

Mr. Whillans, gr. to the Duke of Marlborough,
Blenheim, also showed several varieties of L;ulia
elegans; and one, The Duchess, was considered
sufficiently distinct to obtain a Certificate.

H. J. Hollington, Esq., Forty Hill, Enfield, re-
ceived a Vote of Thanks for a fine Cattleya crispa
var., the lip deep crimson, and petals and sepals pale
mauve.

A small and pretty Angriccum Chailluanum,

with two spikes of white blossoms, was shown by

Mr. Cowley, gr. to F. G. Tautz, Esq., Studley House,

' Hammersmith. The plant, although at present it is

! scarce, is not unknown to collectors. It is of slender

1 growth, the raceme 9 inches long, clothed with

numerous flowers, with white, acute, recurving,

narrow petals and sepals ; the tail 4 inches in

length, and green.

Fruit Committee.

Present : B. D. Blackmore, Esq., in the chair ; and
f P. Crowley, J. Cheal, W. Bates, G. W. Cummins,
I J. Willard, T. G. Saltmarsh, G. Bunyard, G.
Wythes, J. Hudson, F. Lane, J. Smith.

A collection, consisting of nineteen varieties of
Plums and a few dishes of early Apples, came from
Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons. Messrs. J. Cheal and
: A. H. Smee. Esq., Wallington, sent sixteen dishes
of Apples. W. Roupell, Esq.. Streatham, showed an
Early Russian Apple of a taking colour and fair size ;
and the Petite Marguerite Pear. Melons were shown
by various growers, but no comments are necessary.
Awards were made as follows : —

By the Floral Committee.
First-class Certificates.

To Taxus adpressa variegata, from Messrs. Fisher,
Son & Sibray.

To Pteris serrulata divisa, from Mr. H. B. May.

To Carludovica palmifolia, from Mr. B. S.
Williams.

To Sarracenia decora, from Mr. B. S. Williams.

To Satyriuni carneum var. roseum, from Mr. T. S.
Ware.

To Watsonia aurea, from Mr. T. S. Ware.

Awards of Merit.

To Dahlia (Cactus) Marchioness of Bute, from Mr.
J. T. West.

To Bouvardia Hogarth, fl.-pl., from Mr. H. B. May.

To Rhododendron Ophelia, from Messrs. J. Veitch
& Sons.

To Chrysanthemum (pompon) Maud Pitcher, from
Mr. J. Stevens.

To Hollyhock delicata, from Messrs. Webb &
Brand.

To Dahlia F. K. Temple, from Mr. T. S. Ware.

To Papaver nudicaule'sulphurum, from Messrs. T.
S. Ware.

To Gladiolus Duke of Fife, from Messrs. Kelway
& Son.

To Gladiolus Vulso, from Messrs. Kelway & Son.

To Dahlia Panthea, from Messrs. Keynes, Williams
& Co.

To Dahlia Crimson Globe, from Messrs. Keynes
Williams & Co.

To Dahlia John Hickley, from Messrs. Keynes.
Williams & Co.

To Dahlia Reliance, from Messrs. Keynes, Williams
& Co.

To Dahlia Alice Emily, from Messrs. Kevnes
Williams & Co.

Strain Commended.— Dwarf German Scabious
'to Mr. R. Dean.

Medals.

Silver-gilt Banksian Medal to Messrs. Kelway &
Son, for collection of Gladioli.

Silver Banksian to Mr. T. S. Ware, for collection
of Dahlias.

Silver Banksian to Mr. H. B. May, for collection
of plants.

Bronze Banksian to Messrs. Paul & Son, for col-
lection of cut flowers.

Bronze Banksian to Mr. Malcolm Cooke, for group
of Orchids. K

By the Orchid Committee.
First-class Certificates.
T" To Mia elegans Duchess, from the Duke of
Marlbon ugh.

To Lalia elegans Cook's var., from Malcolm S.
looke, E.-q.

ToAng rse.-um chailluanum, from F. G. Tautz, Esq.

Botanical Certificate.
To Catasetum tabulare var., from Mr. B. S.
Williams.

By the Froit Committee.

Cultural Commendation.

To A. H. Smee, Esq., for a Collection of Apples.

Bronze Medal.
To Messrs. Jimes Veitch & Sons, for a Collection
of Plums, &c.

DEVON AND EXETER SHOW.

August 14. — This exhibition took place on the
Northernhay Pleasure Grounds, Exeter, by the kind
permission of the Town Council. The entries
were numerous, and though some of the old and
principal exhibitors were absent from the lists, a
great number of new names appeared, whose exhibits
well sustained the reputation of the Society's exhi-
bitions.

Vegetables were very good, the collections espe-
cially so. The fruit classes were well contested, and
showed no signs of falling off in quality, as compared
with former exhibits.

Messrs. Veitch & Son, Royal Exotic Nursery,
Exeter, had a grand display, extending one side of

FlU. 36.— CURLEU LEAVES IX BAMolA MAIil.IXATA.

the centre table of one tent, nearly 100 feet in length.
Beautiful varieties of Japanese Maples, graceful
Palms, Dracicnas, and Tree Ferns in variety, formed
a background, while in front were staged boxes of
handsome Gladioli, Roses, Hollyhocks, Asters,
Penstemons, Dahlias, &c, with a variety of well-
grown plants of Orchids, Lilium auratum, several
varieties of the new greenhouse Rhododendrons, and
a fine collection of single and double-flowered
tuberous Begonias ; boxes of Carnations con-
tained remarkably fine and well-shaped flowers. This
was about the best display ever made by this firm
at an Exeter show, and attracted much attention.
Mr. S. Randall, nurseryman, of Exe Bridge, exhi-
bited a nice collection of stove and greenhouse
plants, including Palms, Dracaenas, Aralia Veitchii,
Begonias, Orchids, Ferns, &c. Messrs. Garman &
Co., of Chard, staged a fine lot of blooms of
Gladioli, four boxes of prime blooms of Car-
nations, Double and Cactus Dahlias in variety, and
a box of flowers in variety. Mr. C. S. Sclater,
Heavitree Nurseries, staged three boxes of Cactus,
pompon and double Dahlias, of good blooms. Mr.
Davis, Yeovil Nurseries, put up a magnificent lot of
cut blooms of single and double-flowered Tuberous
Begonias. Mr. W. B. Smale, of Torquay, exhibited
fine boxes of blooms of Gladioli, pompon Dahlias,
and zonal Geraniums.

Open.— Forty-eight Dahlias, Double, Distinct —
1st, Mr. J. Nation, with a very fine lot of blooms,
including H. Walton, General Grant, W. G. Grace,

Colonist, Buttercup, Peacock, Gaiety, W. Rawlings,
A. F. Barron, Herbert Turner, Artiste, Hon. S. Her-
bert, Modesty, II. Keith, Ronald. J. Goodwin, Mrs.
W. Dodds, Rev. J. B. Camm, Yellow Boy, S. Hib-
bsrd, Crown Prince, G. Dixon, Mrs. Saunders, Im-
perial, Mrs. Gladstone, Jessie Mcintosh, Ovid, Queen
of the Belgians, Prince Henry, Professor Fawcett,
Goldfinder, George Smith, Mr. S. Hibberd, Prince
Bismarck, W. Dodds, Mrs. Harris, J. L. Toole, J.
Cocker, T. J. Saltmarsh, John Bennett, Wizard,
Walter, Mrs. Langtree, Mrs. D. Saunders, Prince of
Denmark, and R. T. Rawlings.

Gladioli were well shown by Mr. Poynter, of
Taunton, and Mr. Rowland.

General Prizes. — Nine stove and greenhouse plants
in flower, distinct.— 1st, Mr. Rowland, whose col-
lection included Allaraanda Hendersoni, Ixora
Williamsi, Anthurium Andreanum, with seventeen
spathes ; Dipladenia amabilis, Bougainvillea glabra,
Eucharis, good ; Ixora princcps, Lapageria rosea,
and Stephanotis floribunda, all fresh and healthy-
looking plants.

Miscellaneous collection or group of plants
arranged for effect in a circle 12 feet diameter.— 1st
(Silver Cup), Mr. Rowland again taking 1st place
with a charming group, very tastefully and artis-
tically arranged. He had a fine Cocos Wedelliana
in the centre, with Eulalias, Crotons, and graceful
Ferns, mingled with Gloxinias, Bouvardias, Ixoras,
Francoas, Lilium auratum, &c. ; 2nd, Mr. A. C.
Williams, gr. to W. C. Sim, Esq.

Miscellaneous ditto, with a diameter of 8 feet. —
1st, Mr. W. Snell, gr. to Colonel Garratt, who had a
very pretty group, which included a fine Phcenix
reclinata in the centre, with well-coloured Cyperus
alternifolius variegatus, and Dracaena term'inalis,
Crotons, and Ferns, with Begonias, double and
single, Gloxinias, Achimenes, Celosias, &c. ; 2nd,
Mr. F. Prothero, gr. to T. Knapraan, Esq.

Fuchsias, Cockscombs, Begonias, Pelargoniums,
and Dahlias, were all well represented.

Fruit.— Collection of ten kinds of fruit.- 1st, Mr.
Iggulden, with a splendid lot of fruit, including large
bunches, fine berries, and well coloured, Black Ham-
burgh Grapes, Smooth Cayenne Pine-apple, fine and
highly-coloured Bellegarde Peaches, Hero of Lock-
inge Melon, Moor Park Apricot, Jargonelle Pear, and
Muscat of Alexandria Grapes, Oullin's Golden Plum,
Lord Napier Nectarines, and Brown Turkey Figs ;
2nd, Mr. J. Ebbutt. In this class several exhibitors
were disqualified, through having too many fruit in
their dishes, otherwise they would have been prize-
takers, having in each case excellent fruit.

Collection of six kinds of fruit, Pines excluded. —
1st, Mr. Crossman, gr. to J. Brutton, Esq., com-
prising Black Hamburgh Grapes, Moor Park Apricot,
Dymond Peach, Hero of Lockinge Melon, Green-
gage Plum, and Pine-apple.

Other collections of fruit, such as Grapes, Pines,
Peaches, Nectarines, and Melons, were well shown
by Mr. Iggulden, Mr. Crossman, Mr. Bull, Mr. Copp,
and others.

Vegetables. — Collection of vegetables, twelve kinds.
— Mr. G. II. Copp won the 1st place easily, with a
splendid collection, each dish being remarkably
good. It contained Veitch's Autumn Giant Cauli-
flower, Sutton's Intermediate Carrot, Elcombe's
Improved Parsnip, Snowball Turnip, Veitch's Main
Crop ( )nion, Sutton's Perfection Tomato, Duke of
Albany Pea, Pragnell's Beet, Sutton's Seedling
Potato, Ne Plus Ultra Runner Beans, Lyon Leek,
and Wright's Grove White Celery; 2nd, Mr. Mairs,
who also staged an excellent lot ; 3rd, Mr. W. R.
Baker. This show is noted for the excellence of the
vegetables, but there has never been a better lot
than those staged this year, each competitor staging
first-class lots.

Other exhibitors were Mr. Mairs, Mr. Baker, Mr.
Sparks, and others.

Several collections of wild flowers were staged,
and were quite a novel feature of the show. D. C.
Powell,

BASINGSTOKE HORTICULTURAL.

August 20. — The annual exhibition was held on
the above date, in the Vicarage grounds. The
entries — more than 600 — outnumbered any previous
year by eighty. The show was remarkable for the
number and very good quality of the vegetables ex-
hibited.

Fruit was shown in large quantities, and was of
first-rate quality. Plants were staged in large
numbers, and in good taste, the ladies' classes making
a feature of great interest. The exhibits were
arranged in four tents, in which there was ample

252

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 31, 1SS9.

space to promenade. The arrangements reflected
much credit on the Hon. Sec, Mr. A. Wallington,
and his assistant, Mr. H. Weeks. Amateurs' and
cottagers' vegetables were capitally staged.

For a collection of twelve distinct varieties, there
were four entries, and close competition. First
honours fell to Mr. B. Lye, gr. to YV. H. Kingsmill,
Esq., Sydmonton Court; Mr. J. Bowerman, gr. to
C. Hoare, Esq., Hackwood Park. Basingstoke, was a
good 2nd, the exhibits in both instances being re-
markable for good quality.

Messrs. Sutton & Sons, of Reading, offered prizes
for six distinct varieties of vegetables sold by them,
and which brought four entries, Mr. Bowerman and
Mr. Kneller securing 1st and 2nd prizes.

Messrs. Webb & Sons, Stourbridge, likewise
offered prizes for the same number, and again there
were four entries, Mr. Bowerman and Mr. Kneller
again taking the leading awards.

Mr. Kneller and Mr. Bowerman showed the best
Onions. Mr. Kneller's twelve bulbs weighing 30
pounds.

Mr. Lye easily won the 1st prize for nine varieties
of Potatos.

Fruit. — Mr. T. Osman, gr. to L. J. Baker, Esq.,
Ottershaw Fark, Chertsey, was the winner in the
collection of six dishes. Black Hamburgh Grapes
were shown by seven gardeners, the 1st honours
falling to Mr. Bowerman.

Plants. — This class was for twelve specimens in or
ont of bloom, which brought three competitors.
Mr. Wills, gr. to Mrs. Pearce, The Firs, Bassett,
Southampton, was 1st, with well-grown examples of
the usual species ; Mr. J. Currey took honours for
six good specimens, and Mr. T. Russell for a speci-
men flowering plant. Mr. Currey, with a capital
Croton Prince of Wales, was 1st in the specimen
foliage class ; and Mr. Wills was 1st for six exotic
Ferns, and Mr. Kneller took the leading prize for
eight hardy Ferns. Mr. T. Russell staged Fuchsias
7 feet in height, freely flowered, and not too stiffly
trained. Mr. Wills won a special prize of £5, for a
group of plants.

Cut flowers from the stove, greenhouse, and open
air formed a notable feature. The Roses in some
<:ases were fine for the time of year, but there was
nothing very noteworthy in any class, and there were
the usual instances of good ami bad setting up.

Mr. G. Trinder, gr. to Sir II. St. John Mildmay,
Bart., Dogmersfield Park, Winchfield, exhibited (not
for competition) cut blooms of Ivy-leaved Pelar-
goniums in twenty-four varieties, that were much
admired. Messrs. Sutton & Sons, Reading, staged
a capital collection of cut blooms of herbaceous
plants and annuals. Correspondent.

SHREWSBURY FLORAL FETE.

Thk fourteenth annual exhibition was held in the
Quarry Grounds, Shrewsbury, on the 21st and 22nd
inst., and, taking the exhibits throughout, there was
a wonderfully fine display. A schedule of £400, with
many large leading prizes, is calculated to bring
leading exhibitors, and Shrewsbury has a well-earned
reputation for its exhibitions, and both quantity and
•quality is the rule throughout.

Plants. — One large spacious tent was devoted to
plants and groups, one side of the centre being taken
up by the three lots of twenty stove and greenhouse
plants, not less than ten in bloom, and a bank of
finer specimens is rarely seen. Mr. Finch, gr. to
J. Marriott, Esq., Coventry, was 1st. with grand
specimens of Cycas circinalis, Latania borbonica,
Kentia Forsteriana, and Kentia australis, a grand
Croton Mortii, and Crotons angustifolius and Vic-
toria, well coloured, with the following in bloom,
viz. : — Dipladenia regina, Miltonia spectabilis in a
pan, the plants 3 feet high, and 2i feet through, and
well flowered ; a fine Lapageria alba, Ixoras Wil-
liamsii and Fraseri, Ericas Lindleyana, Thomp-
soni, and Marnockiana; Allamanda Hendersoni,
Stephanotis tioribunda, Dipladenia amabilis, Ron-
deletia speciosa major, and Tabernemontana coro-
■naria, fl.-pleno. Mr. Cypher, Cheltenham, was a
very close 2ud, with plants of his usual style.
Flowering plants, Ericas Thompsoni, Ewersana, a
fine exhibition variety, bright in colour ; ampul-
lacea Barnesii, a grand plant ; and Irbyana, very
fine ; Allamanda nobilis, a wonderfully-flowered
Bougainvillea glabra, Clerodendron Balfourianum,
Statice profusa, Ixora Williamsii, Stephanotis flori-
bunda, Crotons Sunset, superbly coloured ; angusti-
folium and majesticum ; Cycas revoluta, a very fine
Latania borbonica, Cvcas circinalis, &c. Mr. Roberts,
gr. to A. Nicholson, Esq , Leek, was a good 3rd, with

four fine Crotons, four Ixoras, a good Lapageria
alba, and other plants.

Nine stove and greenhouse plants, not less than
five in bloom. — 1st, Messrs. Pritchard & Son,
Shrewsbury, with a fine Davallia Mooreana, and
Erica ainpullacea major, and other plants ; 2nd, Mr.
E. Flock, gr. to the Marquis of Cholmondeley — in
this lot was a good specimen of Cattleya Gaskelliana.

Six stove and greenhouse plants, for gentlemen's
gardeners residing in Salop. — Lord Berwick's gar-
dener was 1st.

Exotic Ferns were well represented in both classes,
and generally very fine. In Col. Wingfield's lot
were fine examples of Neotopteris australasica and
Davallia Mooreana.

Three excellent lots of six plants in flower were
staged. — 1st, Mr. Cypher, with Statice profusa. Ericas
Ewersiana and Marnockiana, Clerodendron B.ilfouri-
ana, Bougainvilleas glabra and Allamanda grandi-
flora.

Palms, Dracaenas, Caladiums, and Fuchsias were
shown in good form all round, as were also zonal
Pelargoniums, but some of the plants greatly over-
potted. The Hon. Mrs. Herbert's 1st prize doubles
were a well done lot; and the 1st prize lot of six
Tuberous Begonias, exhibited by Gen. Jenkins,
Cruckton Hall, were well-grown plants and well
flowered.

In the class for groups 100 square feet, there was
a close competition, and some very meritorious
groups were set up. Exhibitors at Shrewsbury are
allowed to win two prizes in a class, and S. Burlieu,
Esq., Didsbury, near Manchester, was both 1st and
2nd, with artistically worked out groups.

Six stove and greenhouse plants, not less than
three in bloom, for amateurs only. — There were
four entries, Henry Owen, Esq., The Cedars, taking
the 1st position, with an excellent lot, even in size,
and well done. The other plants staged throughout
the amateur classes were very creditable to the
growers of them.

Cat flowers. — These were a strong feature, Dahlias
especially so, and there was a very close competi-
tion.

For thirty-six blooms, 1st, Messrs. Heath & Son,
Cheltenham.

For twenty-four blooms, the prizes fell to the
growers just named, and in the same order. The
amateurs also showed well in the Dahlia classes in
their division. Some good Roses were staged, and
in the class for twenty-four blooms, Messrs. Perkins
& Sons, Coventry, were both 1st and 2nd, and in
their lot was a very fine bloom of the new variety,
Gloire de Margottin, bright rosy-crimson.

For eighteen Roses, Messrs. Heath & Son were 1st.

Mr. Burrell, of Cambridge, took 1st and 2nd prizes
for two fine lots of eighteen Gladioli. Snowdon, a
very beautiful light variety, and a variety, L'Africaine,
novel in colour, cream and chocolate, with light
throat, attracted much attention, were the finest
blooms.

Asters were numerous, and soaie good blooms
were staged.

In the class for twelve bunches of stove or green-
house cut flowers, Mr. Blair, gr. to the Duke of
Sutherland, Trentham, was 1st, with a superb lot,
well set up.

Six bunches. — S. Baerelis, Esq., Didsbury, was 1st,
with a well-mounted lot; Messrs. Pritchard & Son
2nd, and would have been 1st, had the flowers been
better set up.

For twelve bunches of hardy herbaceous cut
flowers there was keen competition. Messrs. Burrell
& Co., Cambrian, were 1st, for a superb lot.

Some very fine bouquets were staged, the 1st prize
in each class falling to A. Heine, Esq., Fallowfield,
Manchester, for exquisitely finished bouquets ; 2nd
in each class, Messrs. Perkins & Sons, Coventry,
who showed in their usual first-class style.

Fruit. — The fruit department of the show was a
strong one. In the class for twelve varieties, Mr.
Goodacre, gr. to the Earl of Harrington, was 1st,
with Black Hamburgh, Gros Maroc, Muscat of
Alexandria, and Foster's Seedling Grapes, Cayenne
Pine, Hero of Lockinge Melon, Peaches, Nectarines,
Plums, Apricots, and Cherries ; 2nd, Mr. Dawes,
The Gardens, Temple Newsam, with Brown Turkey
Figs, Pitmastou Orange Nectarines, very fine Royal
George Peaches, Roman Apricots, a good Queen
Pine, and good Grapes, but not so fine as Mr.
Goodacre's.

For a collection of nine dishes (open to Salop
only), 1st, Mr. Milner, Sundorne Castle Gardens,
Shrewsbury, with a first-class lot.

Six bunches of Black Grapes, three varieties. —
Mr. Goodacre was 1st, with two bunches each of

Madresfield Court, Black Hamburgh, and Gros
Maroc, well coloured, and with size in bunch and
berry.

For three bunches of Black Hamburghs, 1st, Miss
Evans, Prescott.

Three bunches of Black Grapes, any other variety.
—1st, Mr. X. Pilkington.

Four bunches of White Grapes, two varieties. —
1st, Mr. Edmunds, gr. to the Duke of St. Albans.

Three bunches of White Grapes, Muscats. — 1st,
J. T. Harris, Esq., Stone.

Three bunches of White Grapes, any other variety.
—1st, Miss Evans, with highly coloured, well-formed
bunches of Buckland Sweetwater.

Four bunches of ' White Grapps, open to the
county of Salop only. — 1st, Mr. Milner, Sundorne
Castle.

Four bunches of Black Grapes, open to the county
of Salop only. — 1st, Mr. S. Bremmell.

The class for six Peaches was well filled ; the
Earl of Shrewsbury 1st, with highly coloured, fine
Royal George.

Good Nectarines and Apricots were shown, and
Mr. Blair's First-prize Green Gage and Victoria
Plums were fine.

Melons in ths various classes were very numerous,
and the judges evidently did not think they could be
accurately judged without cutting. In fact, the
schedule distinctly states " to be judged by flavour."
For green-fleshed, Mr. J. G. Morris was 1st, with
Hero of Lockinge ; and for scarlet-fleshed, Sir Ri.
Sutton, Bart., was 1st with Pride of Stourbridge.

Vegetables. — There was an immense display of
vegetables, and high-class quality prevailed. The
judges had laborious work, as the entries were so
great. For the Society's prize of twelve varieties of
vegetables, there were several exhibits: 1st, Mr. J.
Lambert, gr. to Col. Wingfield. Six varieties of
vegetables, open to the county of Salop only : 1st,
Col. Wingfield. Potatos generally were very fine,
clean, and numerous ; and Tomatos were fine.

Special Prices given by Messrs. Webb & Sons, and
Messrs. Sutton & Sons, were well responded to.
Messrs. Webb & Sons gave five liberal prizes for
eight kinds of vegetables, and there were fifteen ex-
hibitors. Col. Wingfield was 1st, with a grand lot.

Messrs. Sutton & Sons, gave four prizes as
follows : Single Melon, either Empress, Imperial
Green, Scarlet Invincible, or Hero of Lockinge, all
introduced by them.

In this class there were twenty exhibitors, C. L.
Campbell, Esq., Ross, winning the 1st position with
Hero of Lockinge. For Cucumbers, one brace of
either Sutton's Improved Telegraph, or Purly Park
Hero. 1st, Mr. Lockie, with a handsome brace of
Purly Park Hero. Nine Tomatos, Sutton's Per-
fection, the Hon. W. P. Talbot was 1st, with as fine
a dish as could be produced. Six Carrots, Sutton's
Early Gem, an Improved Early Horn, there were
thirteen exhibits, and all very fine, 1st, Mr. Abel
Lowe, Donnington Wood. For thirty pods of
Sutton's new varieties of Peas, several exhibits, 1st,
Mr. S. Bremmell, with Sutton's Matchless. Mr.
Lockie also staged, not for competition, two brace
of handsome Lockie's Perfection Cucumber.

The Cottagers' display of vegetables and other
products, not only filled a large tent, but a quantity
of things had to go outside.

The honorary exhibits were an exhibition in
themselves. Messrs. Birkenhead, Sale, Manchester,
staged between (i00 and 700 plants, and from 4C0
to 500 species and varieties. Amongst them we
noticed the new Gymnogramma Muellerii, and G.
schizophylla gloriosa, Adiantum Fergussonii, the
violet-scented form, Lastrea fragrans, and Athyrium
plumosum elegans. The Liverpool Horticultural
Company sent a quantity of young nursery plants
of Tea Roses in bloom. Messrs. R. Smith
& Co., Worcester, sent a miscellaneous group
of plants ; Mr. A. Myers, Sutton Lane Nursery,
Shrewsbury, a group of miscellaneous plants
and fancy Pansy blooms ; Messrs. Webb & Sons, a
collection of vegetables ; Messrs. Dicksons, Limited,
a long group, arranged on tabling, of Crotons, and
other ornamental foliaged and flowering plants — a
bright, pretty lot, and cut flowers also. Messrs.
Laing & Mather, Florists, Kelso, sent a collection of
cut border Carnations ; amongst them, B. H. Elliott,
Germanio, Annie Douglas, Colonial Beauty, and
others ; Hollyhock spikes, and cut blooms. Messrs.
J. Cheal & Sons, Crawley, a well-set up lot of newest
Cactus, single, and pompon Dahlias. Mr. B. R.
Davis, Yeovil, a large display of cut double and
single Begonia blooms; amongst the doubles,
Thomas Baines, lovely pale salmon; and Lorna
Doone, soft shaded- pink, and beautiful. Mr. Edwin

August 31, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

253

Murrell, nurseryman, Shrewsbury, a fine display of
Gladioli, Begonias, Roses, and single Dahlias, in cut
blooms. Tea-scented Roses in pots, and a capital
display of hardy ornamental shrubs in pots. Messrs.
Copes & Son, Shrewsbury, staged a long bank of
young Ferns, with cut flowers, and memorial wreaths
and crosses. Messrs. Jones & Sons, Shrewsbury,
sent Lilium auratum and Ferns, and rustic-work for
Ferns. And Mr. Eckford, ol'Boreatton, sent some
of his charming varieties of Sweet Peas.

The weather was unsettled, yet there was a very
great attendance on both days, and, notwithstanding
the heavy work of arranging the show; Messrs.
Adnitt and Naunton, the Secretaries, deserve the
highest praise for their work. It may be noted here
that so well did everything work that the judges
were able to begin their labours at a quarter past
10 o'clock, and finish it by the time the public were
admitted. [Managers of shows please note. Ed.]

TROWBRIDGE HORTICULTURAL.

The usual annual exhibition took place on
August 21, in a field adjoining the railway station,
The exhibition was a good one, but Fuchsias,
usually of much excellence, were not so good as
usual, though a few very fine specimens were staged.
There cut flowers were good, and the display of fruit
and the vegetables throughout were of extra good
quality.

Stove and greenhouse plants. — The best nine speci-
mens in the open class came from Mr. H. Matthews,
gr. to W. R. Brown, Esq., Trowbridge, Allamanda
Hendersoni, Lapageria rosea and its white variety,
Ericas McNabiana, Marnockiaua, and Eweriana,
Rondeletia speciosa major being his best plants.

The best six plants came from Mr. J. Hiscock,
gr. to E. B. Rodway, Esq., Trowbridge, and consisted
of Allamanda Hendersoni, Stephanotis floribunda,
Dipladenia amabilis, D. boliviensis, Eueharis
amazonica, and Statice profusa. Mr. Tucker had
the best three plants, staging Erica pilata, Oncidium
flexuosum, and Lapageria rosea. Mr. J. Currey, gr.
to Colonel Pepper, Salisbury, was 2nd. with Alla-
manda Hendersoni, A. grandiflora, and Erica
Eweriana. The best specimen plant, a fine piece of
Cattleya Harrisoniana violacea, was from Mr. G.
Pymm, gr. to Mrs. Gouldsmith, Trowbridge ; Mr. J.
Hiscock being a remarkably good 2nd, with a finely
grown and" bloomed plant of Stephanotis floribunda.
The best new or rare plant was a good piece of
Schubertia grandiflora, from Mr. G. Tucker ; Mr.
W. C. Drummond, with Joinvillea, a small-leaved
Pandanus-like plant, the middle portion of the leaves
bright red.

Fuchsias. — The best six — two or three of them
remarkable specimens — came from Mr. G. Tucker,
who had Doel's Favourite, a locally-raised dark
variety, that finds a place in almost every collection
of Fuchsias found in the West of England, Mr.
Uundle, Harriet Lye, one of the most charming of
light varieties, Marginata, charming, very fine and
another, a seedling. Mr. H. Matthews was 2nd, his
best plants being Arabella, the Hon. Mrs. Hay, Albo-
coccinea, &c.

In the amateurs' and cottagers' classes some excel-
lent Fuchsias were also shown — plants much finer
in every respect than are usually seen at flower
shows.

Miscellaneous Flowering Plants. — Foremost among
these were the tuberous-rooted Begonias, double and
i single. Mr. C. Richman, gr. to G. L. Palmer, Esq.,
Trowbridge, was 1st, with six single and six double-
flowered varieties, both lots finely grown and
bloomed. Petunias and Verbenas are always leading
features, grown on sloping wire trellises, and gene-
rally carrying good heads of blooms. Cockscombs,
Balsams, zonal and variegated Pelargoniums, Achi-
inenes, Gloxinias, &c, were all good.

Ericas. — Though gradually disappearing from sche-
dules of country shows, these yet find a place in that
of- the Trowbridge Society. Mr. J. F. Mould, nur-
seryman, Pewsey, was 1st, with EtFusa, Austinana,
oblata purpurea, Irbyana Aitoniana superba, and
tricolor Wilsoni,

Orchids. — A class for 4 plants brought but one

collection from Mrs. Gouldsmith, a local grower of

some note. Her gardener, Mr. G. Pymm, staged

very fair plants of Odontoglossum grande, Cattleya

Harrisoniana, Oncidium flexuosum, and Vanda

suavis.

Foliagcd Plants. — The best nine came from Mr. J.

, Currey. Ferns and Selaginellas shown together in

) groups of fifteen plants are always a leading feature ;

; the best collection, and a very good one it was,

came from Mr. G. Tucker. Caladiums were some-
what poor, but Coleus a great feature. Mr. H.
Matthews was 1st, with six superbly-grown and
coloured plants.

Cut Flowers. — Some charming Roses were shown.
The best twelve varieties, three blooms of each,
came from Mr. J. Mattock, Headington, Oxford ;
2nd, Dr. S. P. Budd, of Bath. Mr. Mattock also
had the best stand of twenty-four varieties, single
blooms.

In the amateurs' classes, for twelve trebles, and
also with twelve blooms, Dr. Budd was 1st in both
classes, having some excellent flowers.

Dahlias were a great feature, being largely exhi-
bited. In the open class for twenty-four varieties,
Messrs. Keynes, Williams & Co., .Salisbury, had a
superb lot of blooms, the following being especially
good : Richard Dean, Colonist, Mrs. Foreman, Mr.
SpofForth, Madame Soubreyve, Imperial, Henry
Walton, Hubert Turner, Mr. Glasscock, Perfection,
Gloire de Lyon, R. T. Kawlings, Mr. Gladstone,
Lord Chelmsford, and Charles Wyatt.

The best twelve varieties came from Mr. S.
Cooper, Chippenham, who had fine blooms of R. T.
Rawlings, Harry Keith, Harrison Weir, Earl of
Ravensworth, T. J. Saltmarsh, Burgundy, Henry
Walton, Thomas Hobbs, Goldfinder, and Mr. Dodds ;
Mr. George Humphries, Chippenham, was 2nd, also
in good form.

Mr. Humphries had the best twelve fancies,
staging capital examples of the Rev. J. B. M. Camm,
Plutarch, Hercules, Henry Eckford, Mrs. Saunders,
Chorister, Salamander, Duchess of Albany, Hugh
Austin, &e.

Certificates of Merit were awarded to the follow-
ing new varieties of 1888: — Edith, a fancy in the
way of Duchess of Albany, striped crimson and
edged with white ; Alice Emily, yellow, slightly
suffused with orange-brown, Miss Fox, in the way
of Miss Cannell, but heavily tipped with purple ; and
Crimson Globe, a bright crimson self.

Single Dahlias were a very pretty feature, being
nicely arranged in bunches of six blooms. Mr. A. A.
Walters, nurseryman, Bath, was 1st,

Messrs. Keynes, Williams & Co., had the best
twelve bunches of Pompon Dahlias — a very good lot
indeed.

Hollyhocks, in stands of nine blooms, showed great
improvement upon last year. Gladioli, in stands of
twelve varieties, were very good. Carnations and
Picotees were as good as could be expected at this
late season of the year, Mr. F. Hooper, Bath, and
Mr. Geo. Chaundv. Oxford, taking the two principal
prizes. Pansies, Verbenas, stands of twelve bunches
of cut flowers, zonal Pelargoniums, and others were
good throughout. German and French Asters were
very fine indeed.

Fruit. — There was a good display all round. In
the class for ten varieties, Mr. A. Miller, The Gar-
dens, Rood Ashton, Trowbridge, was 1st, with a very
good lot indeed, consisting of Alicante, Alnwick
Seedling, and Foster's Seedling Grapes; Dymond
and Goshawk Peaches, Albert Victor Nectarine,
Washington and Kirke's Plums, Hero of Lockinge
Melon, and Morello Cherries. Mr. W. Iggulden,
The Gardens, Marston, Frome, had the best six
dishes, staging Black Hamburgh and Muscat
of Alexandria Grapes, Bellegarde Peaches, Lord
Napier Nectarine, Brown Turkey Figs, and Cox's
Golden Gem Melon. 2nd, Mr. A. F. Cray, Frome,
also with a good lot, consisting of Black Hamburgh
and Foster's Seedling Grapes, Bellegarde Peaches,
Rivera' Orange Nectarine, Brunswick Figs, and
Vicar of Bristol Melon. The best Pine-apples
were Smooth Cayenne, Mr. A. R. Bull, Credi-
t>n, being 1st. Mr. J. Gibson, gr. to Earl Cow-
ley, Chippenham, had the best two bunches
of black Grapes, excluding Muscats, showing very
good Black Hamburgh. The best two bunches of
white Grapes, excluding Muscats, were finely-finished
Buckland Sweetwater, from Mr. J. Atwell, gr. to T.
E. Brain, Esq., Stoke Bishop. The best two bunches
of Black Muscats were Madresfield Court, from Mr.
J. Currey. Mr. Strugnill, gr. to A. R. Bailey, Esq.,
Frome, had the best two bunches of white Muscats.
Apricots were very good, some excellent fruit of
Moor Park being shown ; the best came from
Mr. J. Weston, gr. to the Rev. G. C. Layard,
Furleigh. Melons were numerous, but there was
nothing among them worthy of special mention.
Green Gage Plums were both numerous and line.
Washington took the lead among dessert Plums.
Kirke's and Oullen's Golden Gage being well shown
also. Cherries were represented by fine Morellos.
The best dish of Peaches was Royal George, from
Mr. G. Pymm. Tho best dish of Nectarines (Pit-

maston Orange), from Mr. C. J. Jones. The best
two dishes of dessert Apples were Beauty of Bath
and Red Quarrenden. The best two dishes of
culinary Apples, Lord Sufiield and Ecklinville. The
best dessert Pears were Beurre d'Amanlis and Jar-
gonelle.

VegetMes. — There is always a fine show of
vegetables at Trowbridge, but this season it was
particularly so'; better quality throughout could
scarcely be obtained.

SEVENOAKS HORTICULTURAL.

The twenty-second annual exhibition was held in
Montreal Park on Wednesday, August 21. Four
large tents were completely filled with excellent
examples of plants, fruit, and vegetables, and in
every class the competition was very keen.

Plants. — For six stove and greenhouse, Mr. Gibson,
gr. to F. F. Burnaby Atkins, Esq., Halstead Place,
was 1st, showing a fine Dipladenia (seedling), with
upwards of a hundred flowers ; Bougainvillea glabra,
grandly flowered ; Eueharis amazonica, and Alla-
manda grandiflora, as his best plants ; 2nd, J. V.
Goodman, gr. to Mrs. Crawshay, Bradbourne Hall,
with Lapageria rosea superba, Ixora Williamsii, and
Clerodendron Balfouriauum, as his best specimens.

Foliage Plants. — Here Mr. Goodman was again to
the fore, showing good examples of Alocasia Thi-
bautiana, Croton Williamsii, and Anthurium
Veitchii ; 2nd, Mr. Waterman, gr. to H. A. Brassy,
Esq., Preston Hall, Aylesford, Cycas revoluta and
Alocasia Lowii being his best plauts.

Groups for Effect. — There was a splendid lot, there
being no less than nine competitors in the two
classes ; and in the very keen competition resulting,
Mr. Fennel, Fairlawn, Shepbourne, Toubridge, was
1st, with a pleasing arrangement of white and blue
Campanulas, Ferns, and foliage plants; 2nd, Mr.
Heath, gr. to C. R. C. Petley, Esq. ; 3rd, Mr. Sear-
ing, gr. to R. Monckton, Esq.

Group of Ferns. — 1st, J. V. Goodman ; 2nd, A.
Hatton.

Specimen Plant. — Here Mr. Gibson staged one of
the finest specimens of Dipladenia Brearleyana that
has ever been shown ; it had between 200 and 300
flowers and buds, and was the admiration of every
one who saw it.

Fruit. — For a collection of six distinct varieties,
Mr. Goldsmith, Kelsey Manor, Beckenham, was 1st,
with fine Peaches, Nectarines, and b'ack and white
Grapes.

Three bunches of Black Grapes. — 1st, Mr. T.
Osman, Chertsey.

White Grapes. — 1st, Mr. C. Sutton, gr. to Earl
Stanhope, Chevening.

Table Decorations, always a feature at this show,
were again well done. Mr. F. Seale, of the Vine
Nurseries, was the leading prize- taker in this class.

Mr. S. Cooke, gr. to De B. Crawshay, Esq., was
awarded 1st prize for a hand-bouquet; the same
exhibitor being to the fore with a dress spray.
Visitor.

EASTBOURNE HORTICULTURAL.

The annual exhibition was held on August 21,
in the beautiful grounds of Compton Place, by the
kind permission of F. J. Howard, Esq.

Plants were exceptionally good throughout, and
were shown more extensively than in former years.
In the class for eight stove and greenhouse plants,
Mr. T. Portnell, gr. to Sir A. Lamb, Bart., Beauport,
Hastings, was 1st, with a strong lot, his best being
Ericas Austiniana and Kwersiana, Ixora Fraserii, and
Dipladenia amabilis; Mr. F. Grossman, gr. to
Misses Briscoe and Ore, Hastings, was a good 2nd,
with fine plants of Ericas cerinthoides coronaria, and
Aitoniana turgida, Bougainvillea glabra, and Clero-
dendron fallax, &c.

In the class for six. Mr. W. Jupp, gr. to his
Worship the Mayor of Eastbourne, was 1st with a
fresh lot of plants. Rondeletia speciosa, Dipladenia
amabilis, Eueharis amazonica, and Erica Irbyana,
being particularly well flowered ; Mr. Portnell was
placed 2nd, with good plants of Anthurium, Bougain-
villea, and Dipladenia amabilis. For a specimen stove
or greenhouse plant, Mr. F. Crossman, won, with a
good plant of Bougainvillea glabra ; Mr. J. Sim-
mons, gr. to the Hon. Miss Ellis, Meads, being 2nd,
with a well-flowered plant of Erica Aitoniana
turgida.

For eight exotic Ferns, Mr. A. Offer, gr. to J.
Warren, Esq., Handcross Park, Crawley, was 1st,
with a good collection, Dicksonia antarctica, Cya-

254

THE GA JR DENES S' CHE ONI CLE.

[August 31, 1889.

thea Smithii, Thamnopteris nidus avis, and Glei-
chenia Mendelli being conspicuous ; Mr. Simmons
following with smaller and well-grown plants,
Adiantums Williamsii and Farleyense, Davallia
Mooreana, Microlepia hirta cristata being amoDg
them.

Ericas were well shown, Mr. Simmons being 1st
with a well-flowered lot, and Mr. Portnell 2nd.

Groups of plants arranged for effect were a con-
spicuous feature, Mr. Simmons winning with a nice
group, with a groundwork of Adiantums, and in which
Campanula pyramidalis, Celosias, Liliums, and
Gloxinias were very effective.

In the group for Ferns, Mr. T. Fuller, gr. to Mr.
Hooke, Ashington, Upperton, was 1st with a pretty
arrangement of Adiantums and Gymnogrammas.

For Fuchsias, Mr. Portnell was 1st with flori-
ferous examples ; and for zonal Geraniums, Mr. F.
Wise was 1st.

In the Miscellaneous class, Mr. Jupp staged a fine
group of medium-sized, well-grown, good-coloured
Crotons, and Mr. G. T. Scott an effective miscel-
laneous group.

Cut Flowers. — For thirty-six and also for twenty-
four cut Roses, Mr. A. Slaughter, of Steyning,
was 1st, with very fresh blooms. For twenty-four
bunches of cut flowers, Mr. Portnell was 1st, with a
good collection. Asters were good, and were shown
by Messrs. Crossman, Wise & Clapson, taking prizes
in the order named.

For Dahlias (show), Mr. W. Gower, gr. to Mrs.
Lawrence, Battle, was 1st. Annuals were an attrac-
tive feature, Mr. J. Blake taking 1st prize, with
twelve of the best kinds in season. In the Mis-
cellaneous class, Messrs. Cheal & Sons, of Crawley,
staged a fine collection of the different groups of
Dahlias ; and Mr. Sproston good examples of bouquets
of Roses, sprays of Stephanotis, &c.

Fruit. — For collection of fruit (nine varieties), Mr.
Clapson, gr. to Mr. Overy, Hailsham. was 1st, with
good Alicante and Muscat Grapes, Peaches, Necta-
rines, Green Gage Plums, &c. Grapes were well
shown, in good condition, Mr. Crossman being 1st
for Black Hamburgh, and Mr. G. Foxley with white,
any variety. Peaches were a good class, also Nec-
tarines.

For collection of vegetables, Mr. J. Sutton was
1st. Good vegetables, cut flowers, &c, were also
shown in the Cottagers' classes. W. C.

WILTS HORTICULTURAL.

Auo. 22. — The annual exhibition of fruits, plants,
flowers, and vegetables, was held on the above date,
as in previous years, in the beautiful grounds
attached to the Bishop of Salisbury's Palace, and
immediately in front of the pretty flower garden.

Plants. — Mr. James Cypher, Cheltenham ; Mr.
George Lock, Crediton ; Mr. E. Wills, South-
ampton ; and Mr. Curry, Salisbury ; were the chief
exhibitors in the several open plant classes. In the
class for twelve stove and greenhouse plants, six
foliage and six in flower, went to the three first-
named exhibitors in the order in which their
names appear. The plants of Phcenocoma prolifera
Barnesii, Bougainvillea glabra, and Ericas Austin-
ana and Marnockiana, in Mr. Cypher's collection,
were large and profusely flowered, whilst the Palms
and Crotons — especially C. Sunset — in point of size
and colour, were up to his usual standard of excel-
lence ; the same may be said of the other exhibitors'
collections.

In the class for nine stove and greenhouse plants,
four in bloom and five in foliage, the prizes were
accorded to Messrs. Lock, Wills, and Curry, in that
order, all showing good plants.

Mr. Wells had the best six exotic Ferns.
Tuberous-rooted Begonias were well represented,
Mr. Thornton, gr. to Mrs. Greenwood, Harnham
Cliff, and Mr. H. W. Ward, Salisbury, taking the
leading prizes.

Groups of late years have been remarkable things
at most shows, and this year there is no falling off at
Salisbury. Mr. Lock and Mr. Wills were fortunate
to secure 1st and 2nd in the open class; these culti-
vators were likewise 1st and 2nd in the gentlemen's
gardeners' class. Other group competitions took
place, with various cups and money as awards, these
being in the nature of special prizes given by persons
in the town and vicinity.

Fruit. — Five good collections of eight kinds were
staged, Mr. H. W. Ward taking the highest prize with
Muscat of Alexandria and Madresfield Court Grapes,
a large, beautifully netted Longford Gem Melon (the
result of a cross between Hero of Lockinge and

Blenheim Orange), highly-coloured Sea Eagle
Peaches, and Pine-apple Nectarines, large Brunswick
Figs, Cayenne Pineapple, and Moor Park Apricots.

There were some of the finest Muscat of Alexan-
dria Grapes put up we have hitherto seen staged at
south country shows, some of the triplet bunches
weighing about 12 lb., but the prizes went, notwith-
standing to the smaller and better coloured bunches
of Mr. T. Northeast, gr. to Mrs. Torrence, Norton
Bavant, Warminster.

Mr. G. A. Inglefield was 1st in the class
for Black Hamburghs, with compact bunches.
Mr. H. W. Ward was 1st for Buckland Sweetwater.
Mr. P. Davidson was placed 1st for three handsome
well-finished bunches of Black Alicante. Mr.
Warden being placed 2ud with good well-coloured
bunches of Madresfield Court. Mr. Lock was 1st,
for a Pine-apple. Mr. Ward showed not for com-
petition, two good stands of Gros Maroc and Golden
Queen Grapes, the bunches of the latter being long
and tapering, and two large fruits of Longford Gem
Melon.

Vegetables. — Some excellent collections of twelve
kinds were shown by Mr. Wilkins, Mr. Haines, Ingle-
field ; and Mr. Pope, gr. to the Earl of Carnarvon,
Highclere Castle ; the prizes falling to the three
first-named exhibitors.

In Miscellaneous exhibits, Messrs. Keynes,
Williams & Co., staged Roses and Dahlias. Messrs.
Robert Veitch & Son, of Exeter, hothouse and her-
baceous flowers, and Japanese Maples. Mr. Ledham,
Shirley Nursery, Southampton, showed stands of
herbaceous plants.

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL OF
IRELAND.

Thursday, Augiist 22. — This exhibition was the
best of its kind that has been held for a long time,
particularly in the matter of Dahlias and Roses,
which, on the tables, presented quite a blaze of
beauty. The spikes of Gladioli from Messrs. Camp-
bell, Gourock, Glasgow, were quite the finest thing
exhibited ; and Roses were very fine indeed, and so
were the fruits. The plant tent was remarkably
effective in its arrangement. The principal groups
were a very fine collection from the Royal Botanic
Gardens, Glasnevin, which included a great number
of curious specimens, filling quite one-fourth of the
marquee. There was also a group of nine flowering
and foliage plants, each different, for which Mr.
Richard Pirn was awarded a special prize. Mr. L.
G. Watson, Blackrock, had a very fine group of
exotic Ferns, and another of foliage plants. There
were also two collections of nice Pelargoniums, both
zonal and bicolor. Several fine groups of Palms
were exhibited with effect in this tent — these being
sent from the Viceregal Gardens, the Royal Botanic
Gardens, and Sir Edward Guinness' gardens. Some
very interesting mixed groups of plants were shown
by Messrs. Henderson & Son, Templeogue, and
Messrs. Toole & Co., Cullenswood, Dublin, and
these were highly commended, and recommended for
a prize. The show of florists' flowers was the prin-
cipal feature, and one of the most extensive we have
seen.

The Cup for Dahlias was won by Mr. F. A. Le-
land, Drogheda ; and that for Gladioli, by Mr.
Lombard, Upper Rathmines. Both these gentlemen
sent really splendid stands. The show of Roses as
regards quality, certainly was as fine as could be
seen in the month of July. Nothing could have ex-
celled the stand of Roses exhibited by Messrs.
Dickson & Son, Newtownards, and they were closely
followed in merit by that shown by Messrs. S.
M'Greedy & Son. There were also fine exhibits of
Roses by Lord Ashtown and Viscount Carlow.

In the miscellaneous department there was a great
deal to interest, especially as regards cut Begonias,
Phlox, Chrysanthemums, and double Zinnias. An
attractive feature was afforded by eight stands of
Marigolds, a kind of flower that has become fashion-
able rather recently. The best of these belonged to
Lord Ashtown and Mr. Naper.

The display of fruit was large, and especially was
this the case with Grapes, Peaches, Nectarines, and
the choicer varieties. The blue ribbon for Grapes,
for a stand of six bunches, three varieties, was on
this occasion won by Lord Clancarty. Lord O'Neill
took 2nd prize, and both these stands were really
magnificent. For Grapes, both black and white,
Lady Emily Howard Bury, Charleville, Tullamore,
carried off the honours. Lord Clancarty, Lord
O'Neill, and Mrs. Tedcastle also showed splendid
varieties.

Several fine collections of vegetables were ex-
hibited, the best, perhaps, being those shown by Mr.
Naper, Lord Ashtown, and Mr. J. T. Poe, Nenagh.

A fine collection of Begonias was staged by Dr.
Kennedy, Cultra, and highly commended.

A very large, varied, and interesting group of
plants from their nurseries, Fortfield, Templeogue,
was exhibited by Messrs. Henderson. It was highly
commended, and a prize recommended.

A similar collection, forwarded from the nurseries
Cullenswood, Dublin, by Messrs. Toole & Co., was i
also highly commended, and a prize recommended.

Amongst the new Roses, Mrs. J. Laing was con- \
sidered particularly fine, and in their 1st prize I
stand of forty-eight, the judges were unanimous in
their high opinion of the new H.P. Rose, Dixie Cod- !
dington, to which they recommended a First-class
Certificate. A collection of twenty varieties of choice
Plums was exhibited by Messrs. Hartland ; com-
mended. Condensed from Evening Express.

LEITH HORTICULTURAL.

This Society held its sixth annual show on the
24th inst., in the Drill Hall, Stead's Place, Leith.
There were over 600 entries, though that large
number showed a falling off of about 200 on last
year's record. The most remarkable feature of the
show was that brought forward by the offer of a sub-
stantial prize for the best table of plants arranged
for effect. There were six entries, and the compe-
tition was very keen ; but the 1st prize was pretty
easily secured by J. Clark, Links Place.

Fruit and vegetables were indifferently represented,
but cut flowers, particularly in the amateur's classes,
were good, and the competition close. The gar-
deners in some of their own classes were assailed
successfully by amateurs, such as Barnie, of Willow-
brae Villas, with Dahlias, and other cut flowers ;
and Brown of Waterloo Place, Edinburgh, with
hardy Ferns.

In most respects the show is to be regarded as
quite equal to any of former years, though in fruit
and vegetables it could not be looked upon as a
success.

MUSSELBURGH HORTICULTURAL.

On the 24th inst. this Society held its annual
flower show in the Grammar School, Musselburgh.
The show, though not a large one, was varied, and
the exhibits were, on the whole, superior. Vege-
tables and cut flowers were especially well shown
by both professionals and amateurs, and in some of
the classes provided for the former, such, for instance,
as exotic Ferns, the exhibits were of a high order,
and the competition keen. Messrs. Brown, gr., New,
Hailes ; Wilson, gr., Carberry Tower ; Stevenson,
gr., Spring Gardens ; and Wood, gr., Woodside,
were the principal prize-takers, and ran each other
very close in the classes in which they competed
against each other. Mr. Geo. Blair, Musselburgh
is Secretary.

The Weather.

THE PAST WEEK.

The following summary record of the weather for
the week ending August 26, is furnished from the
Meteorological Office : —

" The weather has been very unsettled and rainy
in all parts of the kingdom, but towards the end of
the time the conditions were improving. In the
north of Scotland the rainfall during the earlier days
of the period was extremely heavy. Over our south-
western and southern districts the bright intervals
were considerably in excess of those experienced
further north.

" The temperature has been below the mean in all
districts, the deficit having ranged from 2° to 4° in
Scotland, and from 4° to 5° over Ireland, and in
nearly all parts of England. The highest of the
maxima, which were recorded on rather irregular
dates, varied from 61° in ' Scotland, N.,' and 62° in
' Scotland, W.,' to 68° in some parts of England and
in ' Ireland, N.,' to 69° in ' Scotland, E.,' and the
Channel Islands. At many of our more northern
stations the daily maxima were in several instances
below 60°. The lowest of the minima were
registered generally either on the 25th or 26th,
when the sheltered thermometer fell to between 39° ,
and 41° at many of the inland stations, to 43° in
' Ireland, N.,' but to only 63° in the Channel Islands. '

August 31, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS" CHRONICLE.

255

"The rainfall has been less than the mean in
' Scotland, W.,' and about e qual to it in ' Scotland,
E.'; but jin all other districts an excess is shown ;
in ' Scotland, N.,' the excess has been very large.

" Bright sunshine has been more prevalent than it
was last week in the south and south-west, but else-
where it shows no material alteration. The per-
centage actually recorded of the possible amount of
duration ranged from 15 in ' Scotland, N.,' to 36 in
' England, S.,' and ' Ireland, S.,' to 48 in ' England,
S.W.,' and to 53 in the ' Channel Islands.' "

[By the term "accumulated temperature" is meaut a figure
representing the aggregate amount, as well aa the dura-
tion, of the excess or defect of temperature above or below
42° Fahr. for the period named ; and this combined result
is explained in Day-degrees— a " Day-degree " signifying
1° continued for twenty-four hours, or any other number
of degrees for an inversely proportional number of hours.]

Temperature.

2 :

a> E. -

n ?

u ® «

3 —

5 —

3 —

3 —
i —

4 —

5 —
4 —
3 —

Accumulated.

Its

Day-

deg.
63

109

a «

i.SI

Day-

deg.

Day-
deg.
+ 183

+ 29

+ 22
- 13
19
+

+ 63
+ 49
— 52
+ 8
17
+ 75

S 8e

it*

Rainfall.

Day-
deg.
+

+ !
+ '
+ 112

±1

lOths
Inch.
18 +
Oav.

1 +

2 +
2 +

2 +

3 —

4 +
1 +
1 +
1 +
1 +

In.
25.9
18.0
16.3
17.2
19.8
16.2
20.6
20.3
22.3
24.7
24.5
17.0

Bright

Sun.

The districts indicated by number in the first column are
the following : —

Principal Wheat-producing Districts — 1, Scotland, N. ;

2, Scotland, E. ; 3, England, N.E. ; 4, England, E. ;

5, Midland Counties ; 6, England, S.
Principal Grazing, fyc. Districts — 7, Scotland, W. ; 8,

England, N.W. ; 9, England. S.W. ; 10, Ireland, N. ;

11, Ireland, S. ; 12, Channel Islands.

Markets.

»-

CO VENT GARDEN, August 29.

: Market very dull, with no alteration. James Web-
ber, Wholesale Apple Market,

Plants xs Pots.— Average Wholesale Prices.

\ralia Sieboldi, doz. 6
Asters, per dozen. ... 3

Balsams, doz. ... 2

Begonias, dozen ... 4
Calceolarias, dozen 4
Cockscombs, doz. ... 3

Dyperus, per dozen . 4
Dracaena terminalis,
; per dozen ... ...30

— viridis, per doz. 12
iuonymus, in Tar.,

per dozen 6

Svergreens, in var.,

per dozen 6

"'eras, in var., doz. 4
'"oliage plants, vari-
ous, each 2

d. s.d.
0-18 0
0-6 0
0-5 0
0-12 0
0-9 0
0-6 0
0-12 0

0-60 0
0-24 0

0-18 0

0-24 0
0-18 0

Ficus elastica, each . 1
Fuchsias, dozen ... 3
Hydrangea, per doz. 9
Lilium lancifolium,
per dozen 12

— auratum, doz. ...12
Lobelias, dozen ... 3
Marguerites, doz. ... 6
Mignonette, doz. ... 3

, Musk, dozen ... 2

j Nasturtiums, doz. ... 3

Palms in var., each 2

Pelargoniums, per

dozen 6

— Ivy-Leafed, doz. 3

— scarlet, doz. ... 2
Solanums, per dozen 6

d.s.d.
6-7 0
0-6 0
0-18 0

0-24 0
0-30 0
0-5 0
0-12 0
0-6 0
0-4 0
0-5 0
6-21 0

0-12 0
0-4 0
0-4 0
0-12 0

•Vegetables.— Average Retail Prices.

t.d
leans, Fr., per lb. ... 0 6-
leet, red, per dozen 1 O-
Jarrots, per bunch... 0 6-
'auliflowers, each ... 0 3-
!elery, per bundle ... 1 6-
tucumbere, each ... 0 6-
iudive, per dozen ... 2 0-
freenMint, bunch... 0 4-
Wbs, per bunch ... 0 4-
eeks, per bunch ... 0 3-
ettuce, per dozen... 1 6-

s.d.

Mushrooms, punnet 2
Mustard and Oress,

punnet 0

Onions, per bunch ... 0
Parsley, per bunch... 0
Peas, per quart ... 1
Shallots, per lb. ... 0
Spinach, per bushel...
Tomatos, per lb. ...
Turnips, per bunch,

new

d. s. d.
0- ...

► 4- ...

► 5- ...

► 4- ...
3- ...

» 6- ...

: 6- ...
1 9- ...

Apples, J-sieve
Filberts, per lb. .
Grapes, per lb.
Lemons, per case ,

Fruit.— Average Wholesale Prices
*. d. s. d

.16-56
. 0 10- 1 0
. 0 6-2 6
.12 0-21 0

„ d. s. d.
Peaches, per doz. ... 2 0-80
Pine-apples, Eng., lb. 16-30
— St. Michael, each 2 0-60
Pluma, £-sieve ... 2 6-50

Cut Flowers.— Average Wholesale Prices.

Abutilons, 12 bun. ...
Asters, Fr., per bun.

— English, per buu.
Bouvardias, per bun.
Carnations, 12 bun.

— 12 blooms
Chrysanth., 12 bun.
Chrysanth., 12 blms.
Coreopsis, 12 bun.
Cornflowers, 12 bun.
Dahlias, 12 bun. ...
Eucharis, per dozen
GaiUardias, 12 bun.
Gardenias, 12 blooms
Gladioli, 12 bun. ...

— 12 sprays
Heliotropes, 12 Bpr.
Lavender, 12 bun. ...
Lilium, various, 12

blooms

Marguerites, 12 bun.

s.d. s. d.
2 0-40
0 9-16

2 0-40
0 6-09

3 0-60
10-30

4 0-90
0 6-30
10-30
10-30
3 0-60
2 0-40
2 0-40

2 0-40
6 0-12 0
10-16
0 6-10

3 6-60

10-50
3 0-60

Maiden Hair Fern,

12 bun

Mignonette, 12 bun.
Pansies, 12 bun.
Pelargoniums, 12 spr.

— scarlet, 12 spr....
Pinks (var.), 12 bun.
Primulas, double, 12

sprays

Roses, Tea, per doz.

— coloured, dozen.

— red.perdozen ...

— Safrano, dozen...
Stephanotis, 12 spr.
Stock, 12 bunches ...
Sunflowers, various,

per 12 bun.
Sweet Sultan, 12 bun.
Sweet Peas, 12 bun.
Tuberoses, 12 blms....

s. d. s. d.

4 0-90
10-40
10-20
0 6-10
0 3-06
2 0-40

0 9-10
0 6-16
2 0-40
0 4-10
0 6-10

2 0-40

3 0-60

3 0-60
3 0-40

2 0-40
0 4-10

Orchid bloom in variety, fairly good supply.

SEEDS.

,oiatos.— No improvement in trade can be reported upon last
, week's report. Great difficulty experienced in obtaining
' really good samples.

London : Aug. 28. — Messrs. John Shaw & Sons,
seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane, E.C., report a
poor attendance on the seed market to-day, with
scarcely any business doing. Trifolium continues in
limited request at former rates. Choice new Winter
Tares are now obtainable at very moderate figures.
For Mustard and Rape seed there is a fair inquiry
at last week's prices. Fine Blue Peas do not offer
freely ; the prospects of this year's crop are far from
good.

CORN.

Averages. — Official statement showing the 'average
price of British corn, imperial measure, in the
week ended August 24 : — Wheat, 30a. bd. ; Barley,
19s. Qd. ; Oats, 18s. \ld. For the corresponding
week in 1888 :— Wheat, 36s. Id. ; Barley, 21s. lid. ;
Oats, 20s. 9d.

FBTJITS AND VEGETABLES.

Spitalfields : Aug. 28. — Pears, 2s. to 2s. 9d. per
half-sieve ; English Apples, 3s. to 6s. per bushel ;
English Tomatos, 3s. to 5s. per 12 lb. ; Green
Gages, 2s. Qd. to 4s. per half-sieve ; do., 2s. to 3s. 3d.
per flat ; Orleans Plums, 3s. to 4s. Qd. per half-
sieve ; Egg Plums, 2s. 3d. to 3s. do. ; Victoria Plums,
2s. Qd. to 3s. Qd. do. ; Damsons, 3s. to 3s. Qd. do. ;
Bullaces, 2s. (id. to 3s. do. ; Cabbages, Is. Qd. to 3s.
per tally ; Vegetable Marrows, 2s. to 3s. do. ;
Radishes, 2s. to 3s. do. ; Cauliflowers, Is. to 2s. per
dozen ; French Beans, Is. to Is. 3d. per bushel ;
Scarlet Beans, Is. to 2s. do. ; Turnips, 2s. to 2s. Qd.
per dozen bunches ; Carrots, Is. Qd. to 2s. 3d. do. ;
Onions, 2s. to 3s. do. ; Parsley, Is. to ls.'Jod. do. ;
Mint, Is. Qd. to 2s. do. ; Beetroots, Qd. to 8d. per
dozen ; Cos Lettuce, Qd. to lOd. per score ; Mustard
and Cress, Is. to 2s. per dozen baskets ; Leeks,
Is. Qd. to 2s. per dozen ; frame Cucumbers, Is. Qd.
to 2s. Qd. do. ; natural do., id. to Qd. do.; English
Onions, 4s. to 5s. per cwt. ; Dutch Onions,
3s. Qd. to 4s. per bag ; Carrots, 40s. per ton.

Stratford : Aug. 27. — Quotations : — Cabbages,
3s. 3d. to 3s. Qd. per tally ; Mangels, 21s. to 2.3s. per
ton ; Onions, Oportos, 6s. to 8s. per case ; do.,
Dutch, 4s. 3d. per bag ; Apples, English, 2s. to 4s.
per bushel ; Watercress, Qd. per dozen ; Plums,
Is. 3d. to 2s. Qd. per basket ; English Plums, 2s. Qd.
to 3s. Qd. per basket ; Apples, Dutch, 10s. to 12s. per
barrel ; Pears, 2s. to 4s. Qd. per basket ; Walnuts,
2s. to 4s. per bushel ; Onions, English, 2s. Qd, per
dozen bunches.

POTATOS.

Borouqh and Spitalfields : Aug. 27. — General
trade slow, but fine examples firm. Early Rose, 50s.
to 60s. ; Regents, 60s. to 80s. ; Myatt's, 50s. to
60s. ; Hebrons, 60s. to 80s. ; Magnums, 50s. to 80s.
per ton.

Spitalfields: Aug. 28. — Quotations : — Early Rose,
50s. to 60s. ; Imperators, 50s. to 60s. ; Regents, 50s.
to 65s. ; Magnums, 45s. to 55s. ; Hebrons, 50s. to 70s.
per ton.

Stratford : Aug. 27. — Quotations : — Magnums,
50s. to 60s. ; Hebrons, 55s. to 60s. ; Early Rose, 55».
to 60s. per ton.

HAY.

Averages. — The following are the averages of the
prices obtained at the various metropolitan markets
during the past week : — Prime 1887 Clover, 120s.
to 135s. ; new, 80s. to 100s. ; inferior, 40s. to 75s. ;
best old hay, 80s. to 100s. ; inferior, 30s. to 50s. ;
straw, 20s. to 40s. per load.

Notices to Correspondents.

Beetle : E. J. S. The " kind of beetle " you send is
the common cockroach, called black beetle
presumably .because it is not black, and is not a
beetle ! Get some phosphorus paste from the
chemist, smear it on pieces of bread, and lay them
about in your greenhouse, and you will soon be
rid of them if you persevere.

Books : Ancien Brugeois. CasseU's Popular Gar-
dening is the fullest general treatise of modern
date. The Epitome of Gardening (Black & Co.)
contains a valuable summary in small compass.
For Physiology, read Plant Life, Bradbury & Co.

Camellias : J. S. There would be less risk in doing
the planting-out in April, or after the young wood
has got into a half matured state — say, in July.
There is scarcely time for the roots to push into
the new soil if planted now.

Carnation : E. B. We cannot undertake to name
florists' flowers. The flower and shoot sent would
afford no one any clue to the name.

Dahlia : M. H. Nothing unusual.

Eucharis Bulbs: T. G. Thoroughly infested with
the mite. There is no cure — better burn them.

Fakmyabd Drainings: H. B. P. This form of
manure may be used occasionally after the crop is
cut, if the border be in need of moisture, if the
materials of which it consists are partially ex-
hausted, and if the drainage is in good order. In
case of using it, allow some outlet for the increase
of growth that will follow its use, in the form of
young shoots near the extremities of the Vines.

Fungus: A. E. M. I. A common Peziza. The
grubs on your Pear leaves are those of the Pear
sawfly — unfortunately only too common.

Gardening Paper : B. T. Does not exist.

Grapes : Anxious Inquirer. The berries are covered
with every kind of insect found on the Vine.
Another season keep a sharp look-out for your
insect foes, and use insecticides. The leaves are
scorched by the sun, and eaten by spider, thrips, &c.

Jumping Seeds : H. 4' S. The plant is Euphor-
biaceous ; the country, Mexico. The insect, Car-
pocapsa saltatoria ; more than that we do not
know. See Kern Garden Miscellany, vol. xi. p. 304.

Lobelia : D. T. Your Lobelia, so far as we can
judge from a single specimen, is dwarf, free, of
good constitution, and the flowers of a pure rich
blue. Whether better than others we cannot say
without comparing them in growth.

Names of Fruit : H. K. P. Pear too much decayed
to determine — probably BeurrS de l'Assomption.
Apple, Hawthornden ; ditto, small fruit, unknown
— worthless.

Names of Plants: H. J. C. A fungus, Rhytisma
acerinum. It has nothing to do with the Potato
disease. — C. <y C. Euonymus radicans variegatus.
All three might have been cut from the same bush.
They are not worth separate names. — Bugby. Glo-
riosa superba. — H. G. G. 1, Monarda didyma ;
2,Philodendronlacera; 3,Tillandsiazebrina; 4, un-
recognised— send when in flower ; 5, Pteris argyrea ;
6, Dicksonia antarctica ; 7, Cyrtomium Fortuneii ;
8, Rhus typhina. — C. G. M. Erigeron acris. —
F. N. 1, Asclepias curassavica ; 2, Lycium bar-
barum. — M. N. Jersey. 1, Clethra arborea; 2,
Dabeocia polifolia; 3, Magnolia conspicua; 4,
Pittosporum tenuifolium ; 5, Cotoneaster frigida ;
6, Elaeagnus pungens. — G. L., Chesterfield. 1, Saxi-
frage (next week) ; 2, Sedum album var. ; 3,
Lysimachia nummularia; 4, Sedum album; 5,
Sedum rupestre ; 6, Sedum spurium ; 7, Saxifraga
; hypnoides ; 9, Saxifrage (next week). — B. Af. 1,
Eryngium giganteum ; 2, Silene Armeria ; 3, Aster
spectabilis ; 4. Galium sp. ; 5, Phygelius capensis.
— Old Subscriber. Parrottia persica.— A. B. I,
Asclepias curassavica ; 2, Selaginella caulescens ;
3, S. viticulosa ; 4, S. Wildenovii ; 5, Asplenium
cicutarium ; 6, Adiantum assimile. — C. Lamb.

256

THE GARDENERS1 CHRONICLE.

[Acgust 31, 1889.

Adiantum concinnum. — J. W. 2, Neottopteris
Nidus (Bird's Nest Fern) ; 3, Pteris longifolia ; 4,
Magnolia parviflora; 5, Begonia foliosa. — Camjee.
No numbers. Dendrobium ciliatum, Rodriguezia
planifolia, Oncidium micropogon, Adiantum
Mariesii. — A. B. C. 1, Lardizabala triternata; 2,
not recognised, perhaps Edwardsia; 3, Spiraea
hypericifolia ; 4, Calycanthus occidentalis. — P. J.
Chrysanthemum Burridgianum. B. L. l\hus
toxicodendron.

Premiate: Seeker. No doubt the word is a neolo-
gism in these days of exhibitions and competitions,
but it is so useful, that it is coming into general
employment. Premial and premiantare both dic-
tionary words.

Puffball : C. M. Large, but there have been many
more, larger recorded.

Raspberry Superlative : T. J. C. B. To be obtained
from Mr. G. Bunyard, Maidstone.

Roses : E. P. C. Send them to some large grower of
Roses, as we cannot undertake to name these
flowers.

Stocks for Warm-house Rhododendrons : X.
Princess Royal, and any of the early hybrids,
which are quick growers.

Tomato : P. Jamieson. Badly diseased ; there is no
cure. All the plants seem to be suffering from
the same malady.

Tiiees for the Seaside : T. D. None of those you
mention, unless alter thick and high shelter is
secured, by means of planting Tamarisk germanica.
Elder, Blackthorn, Common Crab, Sycamore,
Maples, Pinus austriaca, and P. pinaster. Plant
these in the order named, beginning with Tamarisk
on the side next the sea, alter putting up an
earthen bank or wall — the former is best, and it
may be made 2 feet in width at the top, and Furze
seed may be sown in a drill on the top, to afford
plants for additional shelter. Behind the shelter
of a belt, say 20 to 25 yards wide of the above kinds
of trees, almost any other trees or shrubs will
succeed ; but these should not be planted until
the shelter trees have got to be 8 or 10 feet high.
The South, South-west, and West coasts are the
more difficult to plant, unless the site happens to
be protected by headlands from the force of the
prevailing winds.

Views: A. K., Blackmore. Thanks; please send
them for inspection.

CATALOGUES RECEIVED.

Messrs. J. Carter & Co., High Holborn, London —

Bulbs.
W. Smith & Son, 18, Market Street, Aberdeen —

Bulbs, Spring Flowers, Plants for Forcing.
James Yeats, Royal Oak Mills, Stockport— Bulbs

and Roots.
Storrie & Storhie, 96, Nethergate, Dundee — Bulbs

and Guide to the Bulb Garden.
J. & R. Thyme, 83, Vincent Street, Glasgow— Dutch

Roses, Fruit Trees, Plants for Forcing.
W. Bull, New Plant Merchant, 536, King's Road,

Chelsea, S.W.
Wood & Sons, Wood Green, London, N. — Flower

Roots.
Smail & Co., 23, Lime Street, and 39, Queen Street,

Cheapside, London, E.C. — Special Cheap Price

List Bulbs and Flower Roots.
E. H. Krelage & Son, Kleinen Hontweg, Haarlem

— Flowering Dutch Bulbs and Miscellaneous

Bulbs and Tubers.
Brown & Wilson, Market Place No. 10, Manches-
ter—Bulbs, &c.
W. P. Laird & Sinclair, Dundee — Bulbs.
Fisher, Son & Sibray, Handsworth, Sheffield —

Bulbs and Flower Roots.

Communications Received. — (5. Davidson.— J. S.— Hortu=.
—J. K. G.— T. Mawson.— G. W. T.-W. H. D. (yes— please
send notes later on— .7. W.— J. M. & Co.— R. C— A. J.—
R. D.— W. S.— W. H. D.— W. W.— E. D. L — W. W.— F.—
T. W. R.— G. C, Chesterfield.— Messrs Sutton & Sons.—
M. B.— R. G. (next week).— E. B. D— H. T.— B. J.— Haage
& Schmidt.-G. U.— W. H. B.— J. H. (with thanks).— Dr. W.

Royal Caledonian Horticultural So-
ciety.— A Plum Congress will be held by this
Society, on September 11 and 12 next, in conjunc-
tion with the show held in the Waverley Market,
Edinburgh. Fuller details will be given in our next
issue.

BEESON'S MANURE.— The Best and
Cheapest Fertiliser for all purposes. Write for Circular
containing the Leading Gardeners' and Market Growers'
Reports. SjM in Tins, Is., 2s. 6tf., 5s. 6<i., and 10s. Qd. each,
or 1 cwt. Bags, sealed, 13s. By all Seedsmen, or apply direct to
W. H. BEESON. Carbrook Bone Mills, Sheffield.

BONES !— BONES ! !— BONES ! ! !

Crushed Bones in all sizes for Vine Borders, Lawns, Potting,
Grass Lands, &c. Also BONE MEAL for Poultry Feeding,
GARDEN GUANO, DISSOLVED BONES, Special MANURES
and FERTILIZERS for all purposes.

For Prices, apply to

HARRISON, BARBER & CO. (Limited),

GARRETT LANE. WANDSWORTH, SURREY. S.W.

gENTLEY'S

Insecticide.

Mr. J. H. Rose, Lockinge Park, writes : —

" Bentley's Insecticide is the most effective and cheapest I

have ever used." For full particulars apply to

JOSEPH BENTLEY,

CHEMICAL WORKS. BARROW-ON-HUMBER. HULL.

London Agent: Mr. A. Robinson, 8, Leadenhall Street, E.C.

Sold in Packets, 6d. and Is. each, and in

SEALED BAGS ONLY,

7 lb. 14 lb. 28 lb. 56 lb. 1 cwt.

WITHOUT WHICH

2/6 4/6 7/6 12/6 20/-
CLAY & LEVESLEY,

TEMPLE MILL LANE,
STRATFORD, LONDON, E.

C. & L. also supply Crushed Bones, Bone Dust, Peruvian Guano,
Sulphate of Ammonia, and Nitrate of Soda, inbestqualitiesonly.

, Complete Satisfaction Guaranteed

To all using preparations bearing our Trade Mark in
accordance with our directions. Re/use Imitations.

THE "SWIFT & SURE" INSECTICIDE. -<2*^S*
Buttles, 1/6 & 3/6; gall., 10/6; 4 galls., 30/

"PERFECT" WEED KILLER.-Gallon. 2/;

6 gal., 1/9, 10 gal., 1/G. 40 gal.. 1/4 p. gal.

"PERFECT'WORM DESTR0YER-

Buttlos, 1/6 & 3/6; gal., 7/6; 5 gal. , 5/ p. gal.

"PERFECT" MILDEW DESTROYER-

Bottlos, 1/ & 2/; gal., S/; 5 gal., 5/ p. gal. ^ are G£nu|NE_

"PERFECT HORTICULTURAL SUMMER SHADINC.-

Tins— 1 lb., 1/; 2 lbs., 2/; 6 lbs., 5/.
Are absolutely Unsurpassed for Cheapness
and Efficiency Combined.

Used at Kew Gardens, Royal Horticultural Gardens, Ac.
Single bottles post free at published prices from the manu-
facturers. Special quotations for quantities.
Sole Manufacturers; TnE

Horticultural & Agricultural Chemical Co.

Principal Agents: BLACKLEY, YOUNG &. CO.,
103 HOLM STREET, GLASGrOW.

SOLD BY SEEDSMEN AND FLORISTS.

CARSON'S PAINT

Patronised by 16,000 of the Nobility, Gentry,
and Clergy, for ail kinds of

OUTDOOR WORK, CONSERVATORIES,

Greenhouses, Frames, Ac.

I Cwt., and Oil Mixture, Free to all Stations.

Liquid Non-Poisonous Paints for Inside of Conservatories, &c.
PriceB, Patterns, and Testimonials, Post-free.

For Green and Black Fly, American Blight. Camellia

Scale, Red Spider, Mealy Bug, Brown and White Scale,
Worms, Wood Lice, &c.

*'l>Tr,I>E,Mii" THE UNIVERSAL
r^lV-'riCilll/'ij INSECTICIDE.

SAFE— ECONOMICAL— EFFECTUAL.

15, Princes Street, Edinburgh, July 15, 1887.— "Dear
Sirs, I have thoroughly tested a sample of a new Insecticide
which you were so good to send me. At the rate of 1 oz. to a
gallon of water at a temperature of 95° I rind it kills Green
Fly immediately. Double this strength, or 2 oz. to a gallon at
120°, seals the fate of Scale of all sorts in a few seconds ;
while 3 oz. to gallon at same temperature effectually dissolves
Mealy Bug, aud so far as I have yet observed, without the
slightest injury to leaf or flower, and it is withal a moat
agreeable compound to work with. All our insect remedies
are applied through common syringe, or garden engine, a much
severer test of efficiency than when applied by hand-washing
or *pray.— I remain, dear sirs, yours truly. (Signed) A.
MACKENZIE," of Messrs. Methven & Sons.

Sold by ChemisU, Nurserymen, and Florist*,
in Bottles at Is. <6d., 2s. Gd., and 3s. 6rf. ; in Tins (1 and 2
gallons), 10s. Gd. and 20s. each ; in quantities of 5 gallons and
upwards, 9s. per gallon.

Prepared only by

DUNCAN, FLOCKHART & CO., Chemists to the Queen,
Edinburgh.

May be had from B. S. WILLIAMS, Victoria and Paradise
Nurseries, Upp*r Holloway, London ; and from

WILLIAM EDWARDS and SON, 157, Queen Victoria
Street, London.

C\ ARDENERS, &c, requiring PEAT, SAND,

VJT LOAM, POTTING COMfOST, GARDEN NETTING,
IUFFIA MATS. &c , &c, in large or small quantities, will
save -o per cent, bv sending for our Price List poet- ree.
BRINKWOUTd INK SONS, Reading.

G~ISHURST '"COMPOUND^usedby^leadir^
Gardeners since 1859 against Red Spider, Mildew,
Thrips. Green Fly, aud other Blight. 1 to 2 ounces to the
gallon of soft- water ; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines
and Orchard-house Trees; and in lather from the cake against
American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended
to supersede it. Boxes, Is., 3s., and 10s. Gd.

GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on
wet ground. Boxes, Gd. and Is., from the Trade.
Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY

(Limited). London.

SIX CABINET PORTRAITS, 3.s. ; three for 2s.
Twelve Carte Portraits, 2s. 2d. ; six for Is. Ad. Eight-
inch Enlargement, 3s.; three for 6s. Send Carte or Cabinet
and Postal Order, and you will promptly receive Highly-
finished Copies, with Original.

FRANCIS and CO.. 29, Ludgate Hill, London, E.C.

ORCHID BASKETS,

RAFTS, BOATS, AND CYLINDERS,

AND ALL GARDEN SUNDRIES.

SEND for a

PRICE LIST

from the Largest Manufacturer in the Trade,

H. G. SMYTH,

21, GOLDSMITH STREET,

DRURY LANE. W.C.

CHEAP FRAMES.

LA BELLE 8AUVAGB YARD, LUDGATB HILL, E.C.
BACHELOR'S WALK, DUBLIN.— Discount }or Cash,

PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES.

The above are without exception the most useful kind of
frame for plant growing, and every one with a garden should
possess one. The sash»s turn right over one on to the other,
and the boxes are put together with wedges, and can be taken
apart in a few minutes. Sizes and prices, carriage paid to any
station in England, ready glazed and painted :—

6 feet long, 3 feet wide

d.
0
0
6
0
6

6 feet „ 4 feet
12 feet „ 4 feet

6 feet „ 5 feet
12 feet „ 5 feet

Larger sizes at proportionate prices.

R. HALLIDAY & CO.,

Hothouse Builders nnrt Engineers, Royal Horticultural Works,

Mlddleton, Manchester.

London Agent— Mr." H: Bjumoi, Seedsman, &c„ 2, Holloway |

liuatf, N.

August 81, 1889.]

THE GA BDENERS* CHB ONI CLE.

257

MESSENGER & CO.'S New CATALOGUE of Greenhouses and Heating Apparatus,

Just issued, will be found the most complete, practical, and reliable guide to all about to build, alter, or heat Greenhouses.
Illustrations of every description of Glasshouse, from the largest range of Winter Gardens to the simplest forms of Portable
Greenhouses, Plant Protectors, and Garden Frames; also of all the best kind of Boilers, Hot- water Pipes, and all appliances for
heating. This Catalogue, possessing hundreds of illustrations of all the latest improvements in greenhouse building and heating,
is on a scale never before attempted. It should be in the hands of every one interested in gardening, as it contains many practical
hints on the subjects of which it treats, the result of many years' experience. Price 2s. post-free.

MESSENGER & COMPANY, LOUGHBOROUGH.

21-OZ. and 15-OZ. Foreign, of above sizes, in boxe9 of 100 feel

and 200 feet super.
English £lass, cut to buyers'sizes, at lowest prices, delivered

free and sound in the country, in quantity.
" HORTICULTURAL FUTTY> Own Special Manufacture.

GEORGE FARMILOE & SONS

Lead, Glass, Oil. and Colour Merchants,

34, St. John Street, West Smithfleld, London, E.C.

Stock Lists and Prices on application. Please quote Chronicle.

~^4\ Telescopic Ladders.

»-Aj Telescopic Steps.
"^J>*"K-""i Telescopic Trestles.
4^\ ''i Convertible Ladder StepB.
?«^ Universal Step Ladders.
/ . Turnover Step Ladders.
^L& Folding Pole Ladders.
~V"te Lattice Steps, very light.
Umpire's Step Chairs.

Great variety of designs
and sizes. Sizes 5ft. to 60ft.
Order direct, carriage paid.
Price Lists free.

HEATHMAN & CO.,

2, EN DELL STREET ; and
11, HIGH STREET,

LONDON, W.C.

BE D S T E A D S. — For the use of
Domestic Servants, Children, and Institutions, we
sold during JHH«, of our D design BEDSTEADS and WOODS'
PATENT WOVEN STEEL WIRE MATTRESSES combined,
3200. Carriage paid to any Railway Station. Liberal Dis-
count. Send for a " Book of French and Persian Designs," to
THE LONGFORD WIRE CO. (Limited), Warrington.

HILL & SMITH,

BRIERLEY HILL, NEAR DUDLEY,

AND AT 118, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, E.C.

IRON FENCING, HURDLES, GATES, &c.

IRON ROOFING AND HAY BARNS.

Special Estimates given for Large Contracts in Fencing,
Roofing, &c. Personal Surveys of Estates made, and practical
advice given as to the best and most economical Fences to put
down.
Illustrated Catalogues Free fry Post.

GARDEN REQUISITE S.—
Sticks, Labels, Virgin Cork, Raffia. Mats, Bamboo
Canes, Rustic Work, Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of
WATSON AND SCULL, 90, Lower Thames Street. London . E.C

HORTICULTURAL

A Large Stock f*\ T A Q Q

always on Hand. vJl_ix\OOi

Special quotations for quantities.

WHITE LEAD, OILS, AND COLOURS

At lowest possible prices.

NICH0LLS& CLARKE,

6, HIGH STREET, SHOREDITCH,

LONDON, E.

BECKETT BROS.

CHELMSFORD.

Thoroughly Practical Hothouse Builders and Heating Engi neers.
Glasshouses of every description, in Wood or Iron, erected in
any part of the kingdom. First-class workmanship and the
very best materials at the lowest possible prices.

Price Lists, Plans, and Estimates Free.

TH O S. W. ROBINSON,
Dennis Park Ironworks, Stourbridge.

4-in. Expansion Joint Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4s. 3d. each ;

4-in. Socket Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 45. 6rf. each.

Illustrated revised Price List on application, free.

OFFICES^=====Si=LLl£l?-=c=^RO O M S

l33.«,/4/ CANNO/V ST LO/VDO/V.E.C.

RICHARDSON'S

HORTICULTURAL

BUILDINGS

^ixed in any part of the Kingdom with
Hotrwater Apparatus complete.

Best Work
guaranteed, and
at Lowest Prices.

NORTH OF ENGLAND
IIORTICULTURAL WOR]

DARLINGTON

CATALOGUE

FREE.

258

TEE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Acscst 31, 1889.

GLASS. CHEAP GLASS.

8S. 6d. per 100 feet IS en. 12 X 10, 18 X 12, 18 X 14, 24 X 14,

14X12,20X12, 18X16, 24X16,
12S. per 100 feet 21 oz. ... 16x12, 16X14, 20x16, 24x18, Sec.

All hinds of PAINTS at very low prices.
FLOORING at 7s. 3d. per square ; MATCHING at 5s. 9d. ;
3 X 9 at 2\d. per foot ran; 2 X 4 at \d. ; MO ULDINGS, IRON-
MONGERY, &c. Catalogues on application to

THE CHEAP WOOD COMPANY, 72, Bishopsgate Street
Within, London, E.C.

CHARLES FRAZER'S EXECUTORS,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, NORWICH.

No. 55.— Span-roof Garden Frame.

The illustration shows a Frame 8 feet by 6 feet. Made of
good redwood deal, sides and ends 1\ inch thick, painted three
coats of oil colour; lights 2 inches thick, glazed with 21-oz.
sheet glass. Height of sides, 14 inches. Height at ridge,
32 inches. The lights are hinged and fitted with " Registered "
Set-opes, which safely support them for ventilation, &c, and
the hinges are so formed that the lights can be turned quite
over, or taken off at pleasure.

Length. Width.
1 Light Frame, 4 feet by 6feet ... .„.__ PnirTr(, -. £2 17 6

I :: :: JKS&h p™| jj •

4 „ „ 16 feet by 6 feet ...1 p^flNG f ' \ \

5 ,, ,, 20 feet by 0 feet ... -cdi^ 8 17 6

6 „ „ 24 feet by 6 feet ... ^ *K^. / 10 7 6
Carriage Paid to all Goods Stations in England and Wales, also

to Edinburgh, Glasgow, Dublin and Belfast, and equal Stations.
New Illustrated Catalogue of Conservatories, Greenhouses,
Garden Frames, Poultry Houses, Dog Kennels, &c, post-free
for six stamps.

JAS. BOYD & SONS,

Horticultural Builders
and Heating Engineers,

PAISLEY.

HORTICULTURAL
STRUCTURES

of every description,

in either Wood or Iron,

or both combined.

Wooden Chapels,

Shooting Lodges,

Tennis Courts,

Cottages, &c.

H-tfc

Hot - water Apparatus

for warming

Buildings of every

description.

Illustrated Circulars

Post-free.

Complete Catalogue, 3s.

B0ULT0N&PAULHorNr

ORWICH.

No. 74.— THREE-QUARTER SPAN
GARDEN FRAME.

The most useful of all Frames that are made, owing to the
extra height and convenience for attention. They are 13
inches high at front, 24 inches high at back, and 32 inches at
the ridge, bolted at the corners, easily taken to pieces if required.
The Lights are 2 inches thick, fitted with set-opes, and arranged
to turn over, back and front, for ventilating. Glazed with best
21-oz. English glass, and painted four coats.

Length. Width.

1 Light Frame,

2 „

8 „ by 6 „

3 „

12 „ by 6 „

4 „

16 „ by 6 „

5 „

20 „ by 6 „

6 „

24 „ by 6 „

Cash

Prices,

Carriage

ana

Packing

FREE.

(£2 15 0
4 7 6

0 0

12 6

5 0

U0 17 6

CARRIAGE is paid to any station in England and Wales, to
Dublin, Cork, Derry, Glasgow, and Edinburgh, or stations
equivalent. CATALOGUES POST-FREE.

SAVE YOUR FIRE

and keep a fixed temperature under gla9s, by using
"FRIGI DOMO," made of prepared hair and
wool : a perfect non-conductor of cold.

PROTECT your PLANTS]

<FR 0 DOMO

REGISTERe" h ■* Tf a" mark!

For price list & particulars Address-I

BENJAMINPDGINGTON
2 Duke ST« kJ London Br/dge

MADE WITH BOILING WATER.

E P P S ' S

GRATEFUL-COMFORTING.

COCOA

MADE WITH BOILING MILK.

YOUNG WOMEN who WANT TO BE
INDEPENDENT, and make their own way in the world,
should write for a Prospectus of the SCIENTIFIC DRESS
CUTTING ASSOCIATION, 272, Regent Street, London, W.
Situations for all Pupils at good salaries.

WANTED, a GARDENER. Wife to do the
Laundry. 34$. a week, with cottage, firing, and all
for laundry use free. Two men in garden. — Col. G. J., Gaston
Grange, Alton, Hants.

WANTED, a GARDENER. Must
thoroughly understand Conservatory, Greenhouse,
and Frames, Flowers, Kitchen, and small Orchard. No Grapes
or Forcing. Single-handed. Wages one guinea per week. —
CLERICUS, Chertsey.

WANTED, a first-rate WORKING GAR-
DENER. — Must thoroughly understand Greenhouses,
Flower and Kitchen Gardens. — Mrs. BATEMAN, Etwall,
Derby.

A GENTLEMAN removing to Germany
REQUIRES a GERMAN GARDENER (single), familiar
with Orchid Culture, to take charge of Collection of Orchids
and Small Garden.— OAKFIELD, The Avenue, Gipsy Hill.S.E.

WANTED, a PROPAGATOR, accustomed to
Making Bouquets and Wreaths, with some knowledge
of Outside Nursery Work. Must be well recommended. —
Apply with testimonials. - JAMES MORGAN, Seedsman,
Paisley.

WANTED, an energetic JOURNEYMAN
GARDENER, knowing Hardy Plants and Flowering
Shrubs well ; able to control men and act as Foreman in good
flower garden. — State training and experience, B. D., care
Editor of The Garden. 37, Southampton Street, Strand, W.C.

WANTED, AT ONCE, a FOREMAN, for
Fruit and Plant Houses. — Must have a good knowledge
of his work. Wages, 17s. per week, with bothy. — Apply,
stating experience and references, to H. FISHER, The Gardens,
Flixton Hall, Bungay.

To Market Gardeners.

WANTED, a WORKING FOREMAN,
married, no encumbrance. Must thoroughly under-
stand Fruit and Vegetable Growing. Wife to attend to
Poultry.— Apply by letter, to E. W., 7, South Norwood Hill, S.E.

Southend Local Board.

Particulars of the duties required will be supplied on appli-
cation to Mr. P. DODD, Surveyor, Southend.

Applications, with testimonials, and stating age and present
occupation, to be sent to me on or before September 3 next.

a «. a a , ,, 10fl0 WILLIAM GREGSON, Clerk.
Southend, August 16, 1889.

WANTED, a young MAN, about 20, used
to Growing Chrysanthemums and Soft- wooded
Plants for Market. Permanent place if suitable.— Apply,
stating wages, G. BENNETT, Florist, Hamvell, W.

WANTED, IMPROVER under glass, with
premium, age not under 18, state experience, with
copies of testimonials. £5 to be paid on entry, £5 at the end
of twelve months. Wages 12s. first year, 14s, the second.
Bothy, Milk, Vegetables, &c— A. EVANS, Lythe Hill, Hasle-
mere,

A PERMANENT APPOINTMENT will
become VACANT in a few days, in an important branch
Of 'the HERBACEOUS DEPARTMENT of my establishment,
and I shall be glad to have applications from any young men
knowing Herbaceous Plants, and experienced in their Culti-
vation. This would prove a comfortable, permanent, and
progressive appointment to a willing, persevering, painstaking
man. — State age, give particulars of engagements, and salary
expected.— THOMAS S. WARE, Hale Farm Nurseries, Totten-
ham, London.

WANTED, a YOUTH, with several years'
experience, to assist generally in a Seed and'Nursery
Business. — State wages, references, and full particulars, to
LAXTQN BROTHERS, Bedford.

WANTED, experienced and trustworthy
MANAGER, for a Country Floral and Fruit Depot —
E. A. N., 121, Essex Road, Islington, N,

WANTED, a TRAVELLER, for the Whole-
sale Nursery Trade. None need apply unless tho-
roughly experienced in the Value of and Nomenclature of
Nursery Stock, both Indoors and Out-of-doors ; also should be
well-known on the road. — Reply, stating salary, experience, &c.,
to THOS. CRIPPS and SON, Tunbridge Wells Nurseries, Kent.

WANTED, AT ONCE, JUNIOR SHOP-
MAN, with fair knowledge of Seed and Nursery
Trade.— Apply with full particulars, toC. R. CLARK (late W.
Wright), Seedsman, Retford.

WANTED, a young MAN, to Assist in the
Office. One who has a knowledge of Book-keeping,
Invoicing, and Correspondence, and is willing to make himself
generally useful in the Nursery. — State age and wages re-
quired, good character indispensable, to GEO. JACKMAN and
SON, Woking Nurseries, Woking, Surrey.

WANT PLACES.

RICHARD SMITH and CO.
beg to announce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and that tbey
will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars,
&c. — St. John's Nurseries, Worcester.

S. WILLIAMS begs to intimate that he

• has at present in the Nursery and upon his Register
some excellent Men, competent either to fill the situation of
HEAD GARDENER, BAILIFF, FOREMAN, or JOURNEY-
MAN. Ladies and Gentlemen requiring any of the above will
please send full particulars, when the best selections for the
different capacities will be made. — Holloway, N.

ORMISTON and REN WICK have on their
Register a number of experienced SCOTCH GAR-
DENERS and FORESTERS, whom they can confidently re-
commend.— Nursery and Seed Warehouse, Melrose, N.B.

ORCHID GROWER, or GARDENER (Head
Working). — Age 41, married; well upin the profession.
Successful cultivator. High-class testimonials. — GARDENER,
York Cottages, Albert Road. Horley.

GARDENER (Head).— Age 42, married;
thirty years' practical experience in all branches, in-
cluding London Market Growing.— GARDENER, The Hollies,
Harlington, Middlesex.

pARDENER (Head).— Advertiser, having

V_JT had twenty-five years' experience in large Gardens,
desires re-engagement. Excellent testimonials. — HEAD
GARDENER, The Towers, Didsbury, near Manchester.

GARDENER (Head).— A Gentleman^
giving up his Garden, recommends a trustworthy and
energetic man as above. Ex ellent Fruit, Vegetable, Orchid,
and Plant Grower. Competent to take charge of a first-class
Garden.— H., 81, Balham Grove, Balham, S.W.

GARDENER (Head).— J. P. Leadbetter,
Gardener to A. Wilson, Esq., Tranby Croft, Hull, begs
to recommend his Foreman, J. Sheddick, as a thoroughly
efficient and steady man. Good experience in all branches.
Excellent references.

GARDENER (Hisad); age 31, married, small
family. — Mr. E. Molvneux, Swanmore Park Gardens,
Bishop's Waltham, would like to recommend a good working
man as above. Well up to his work. Seven years' good cha-
racter from present employer, for efficiency and sobriety. —
Address as above.

GARDENER (Head) ; Scotch.— A Lady
can thoroughly recommend her late Gardener as a
competent good all-round man. One who thoroughly under-
stands Early and Late Forcing of Fruit, Flowers, and Vege-
tables ; also Land and Stock.— Mrs. W. CASTLE FLETCHER,
24, Jesmond Road, Newcastle-on-Tyne.

GARDENER (Head Working), where two
or three are kept. — Age 36. married, no children ;
three years' personal character. — J. W., 6, Orange Tree
Terrace, Wilmington, Kent.

GARDENER (Head Working). — Age 50,
married ; thoroughly practical in all branches, including
Orchids. Eighteen years in last situation, ten previous.
Highest references.— W. GUNN, Braintree.

f^\ ARDENER (Head Working).— Well up

VjX in Fruit, Vegetable, and Decorative Plant Culture. A
thoroughly steady and trustworthy man. Highest references,
— W. DAY, F.R.H.S., Highbury, Sandygate, Sheffield.

/^ ARDENER (Head Working); age 44,

VX married.— A Gentleman wishes to highly recommend
his late Gardener, who has been in his service eight years, to
any Lady or Gentleman who may require the services of a
thorough competent and trustworthy man. Twenty-seven
years' experience in all branches.— W. P., 10, Fairview Road,
Taplow, Berk9.

Avqvst 31, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

259

r\ ARDENER (Head Wobking).— Six years'

UT good personal character.— ALFKED ANDREWS, South
End, Fareham.

C\ ARDENER (Head Working).— Ihorough

OT practical knowledge of Vines, Peaches, Melons, Cu-
•umbers, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Flower and Kitchen
Gardens. Fourteen years' experience in good places. — W.
RANDALL, The Gardens, Cranford House, Hounslo w.Middlesex.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 39,
married, one child ; well up in the Cultivation of Stove
and Greenhouse Plants, Orchids, Flower and Kitchen Garden,
and General Forcing. Three years in last place. Good cha-
racter.—S. SOLLY, 39, Jasmine Grove, Anerley, S.E., Surrey.

ARDENER (Head Working).— Married,

two children, youngest age 10; thoroughly experienced
in Early and Late Forcing, &c. Highest references from
I present and former employers.— T. W., Monson Road, Redhill,
i Surrey. __

GARDENER (Head Working), where one
or more are kept ; married, one daughter (age 14). — A
i Gentleman can thoroughly recommend a man as above. Ex-
perienced in Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Vines, &c. ; also
LLand and Stock if required.— G. C, 7, Church Terrace, Dead-
; worth, Windsor.

C^ ARDENER (Head Working).— Abstainer.
A Twenty years' good practical experience. Forcing of
;U1 kinds, Fruits, Flowers, and Vegetables. Good Kitchen and
Flower Gardener. Can also take charge of Land and Stock,
fifteen years' good character. Kent preferred. — F. H., 27,
Cingdey Road, Maidstone, Kent.

p ARDENER (Head Working). — Unmar-

vjj ried ; thoroughly practical, trustworthy man ; expe-
rienced in Growth of Pines, Vines, Peaches, Cucumbers, &c,
Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Flower Garden, Kitchen
jarden. Good references. — HORTUS, 63, Zennor Road,
Jalham, S.W.

p ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 44;

LJ~ twenty-two years' thorough practical experience in all
jranches, including Land and Stock. Wife good Dairy and
Poultry woman. Eleven years' unexceptional character from
present employer, leaving through place being sold. — HEAD
tARDENEK, The Warren, Chobham, Surrey.

& ARDENER (Head Working), where several
are kept; age 42, married, no family.— Mr. E. Ben-
nett can highly recommend to any Lady or Gentleman a
horoughly practical man in all branches. Very successful
ffitb Vines, Land, and Stock. Good character from last, testi-
nonials f rom former employers. — B., Holly Nursery, Potter's
Bar, N.

O ARDENER(HEADOrgOOdSlNGLE-HANDED).
LjT —Age 38, married, two children; thoroughly good
ill-round man ; hardworking. Three years' character. —
JARDENER, 16, Salisbury Road, Manor Park.

& ARDENER.— Age 31, single; understands
Vines, Pines, Cucumbers, Melons, Tomatos, Stove and
ireenhouse Plants, Flower and Kitchen Gardens. Good
:haracter from last employer. — E. R., 61, Southwold Road,
Jpper Clapton, E.

M ARDENER; age 34.— R. Sanders, Gar-

U dener to A. de Rothschild, Esq., can with confidence
scommend hjs Foreman, A. French, to any Lady or Gentle-
aan in want of a Gardener. Eighteen years' experience,
>even and a half years in present place as Foreman. — Halton
wardens, Tring, Herts.

p ARDENER (Working), where assistance is

U given. — Age 41 ; understands Flower and Kitchen Gar-
'len. Grown Fruit for Market last 10 years. Leaving through
elling. Good references. — WILLIS, Kudgwick, Sussex.

& ARDENER (Single-handed), or otherwise.
— Age 31, married; understands Stove, Greenhouse,
Vines, Flower and Kitchen Garden, &c. No objection to
itock. Good character. — C, 3, Bourne Terrace, Bexley, Kent.

GARDENER (Single-handed or Second). —
Age 25 ; seven years' experience, Inside and Out. Good
-■haracter from present and previous employer. — C. VATCHJSR,
East Horsley Towers, Leatherhead.

G< ARDENERS (Second or Single-handed).
T —Two young men, ages 24 and 26. Seven years' ex-
perience ; four years' good character.— J. MAY, The Gardens,
VVestfield. South Hayling.

GARDENER (Second, or good Single-
handed).— Single; ten years' and a half experience.
Total abstainer ; good character.— J. WELLS, 2, Western
Road, Tunbridge Road, Maidstone, Kent.

GARDENER (Second, or good Single-
handed). — Age 24, single; nine years' experience;
three years in present situation.— J. C. W., Hovingham Hall,
York.

GARDENER (Second).— Age 24 ; nine years'
experience. Inside and Out. Good character. —
W. OLDER, 6. Half Moon Lane. Dulwich, London. S.E.

Q. ARDENER (Second), where three or four

vJ are kept.— Age 24, single; ten and a half years' ex-
perience. Good character.— G. H., 31, Cowper Street, West
Brighton, Sussex.

r>ARDENER (Second), in good establish-

S". ment.— Age 25, single ; experienced Inside and Out.
eighteen months' good character; three years' previous.— C
tf AXLEY, The Gardens, Marden Park, Caterham Valley, Surrey.

& ARDENER (good Second), or FIRST
JOURNEYMAN ; age 23.-Mr. T. Ryder, Head Gar-
lener, Brookdale Hall, Newton Heath, Manchester, who will
<>■ pleased to give full particulars of the above.

Q. ARDENER (Under or Single-handed),—

«J Age 26, single ; Thirteen years' experience Inside and
Jut. Excellent character. -F. S., 3, Upwood Road, Lee, S.E.

GARDENER (Under or Single-handed).—
Age 23 ; eight years' experience in good Gardens. Good
characters.— J. H„ 13, Queen Street, Heme! Hempstead, Herts.

GARDENER (Under, or Single-handed).
—Age 23 ; ten years' good character from last place ;
four years previous. Good experience Inside and Out.—
M. TAYLOR, liradshott Lodge, Alton, Hants.

GARDENER (Under), Inside and Out.—
Age 19 ; two and a half years in present situation, four
years previous. Good reference.— W. BOALCH, 48, Meadow
Street, Weston-super-Mare.

FW. THOMAS, Esq., wishes to recommend
• his GARDENER to any Nobleman, Lady, or Gentle-
man requiring a thoroughly good man. Age 40, married.
First-class Grower of Fruits, Flowers, and Vegetables ; and to
undertake General Management.— Wannock, Polegate, Sussex.

To Nurserymen.

MANAGER or FOREMAN.— 18, Elaine
Grove, Haverstock Hill, N.W.

FOREMAN, or GARDENER where more are
kept.— Age 27 ; eleven years' experience ; five years as
Foreman. Highly recommended by present and previous em-
ployers. — C. DAVIKS, Beckett. Shrivenham.

To Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Florists.

FOREMAN, or MANAUER to above.— Many
years' experience in all branches. Good references.—
J. D. G., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street,
Strand, W.C.

FOREMAN, in good establishment.— Age 26 ;
ten years' experience in good places.— THOMAS VIN-
DEN, Harlaxton Manor, Grantham.

TfOREMAN, in the Houses.— Age 26 ; twelve

X. years' experience in Fruit, Stove and Greenhouses, Table
Decorations. Good character.— J. W., 29, Southerton Road,
Hammersmith, W.

FOREMAN ; age 25.— J. C. Cowley wishes to
recommend F. Oliver as above. Three years' character
from present situation. Knowledge of Orchids, Stove and
Greenhouse, Fruit, and Kitchen Garden.— FRANK OLIVER,
The Gardens. Studley House, Goldhawk Road, Shepherd's
Bush, W.

FOREMAN ; age 25.— E. Beckett, Gardener
to H. H. Gibbs, Esq., will have every confidence in re-
commending his First Journeyman as above, where Gardening
is well carried out. Strong, active, and trustworthy. Has
been employed here four and a half years.— F. HEEREMANS,
The Gardens, Aldenham House, Elstree.

1 FOREMAN (Working), in Market Nursery.
—Age 34 ; thoroughly experienced with the Trade in all
branches; Pot plants, Cut Flowers, Bulb Forcing; erecting
Greenhouses; Hotwater ; good Salesman. Could introduce
some of the largest London Houses. — FRASER, Florist,
Brackenbury Road, Hammersmith, W.

NURSERY FOREMAN, General. — Thirty
years' active practice in leading Nurseries. Excellent
testimonials.— J. MUNRO, St. Mary'.s, King's Lynn.

FOREMAN, PROPAGATOR, or GROWER ;

A. married.— Mr. James Southern, Nurseryman, &c.,
Bolton, wishes to recommend a practical man as above. Good
references, state particulars. — Address as above.

PROPAGATOR and GROWER (good) of
Plants, Choice Cut Flowers, Roses, Bouvardias, Eucharis,
Ferns, Lilies, Bulbs, Arums, &c. ; also Grapes, Tomatos,
Cucumbers, Mushrooms.— R. , 5, Old Road College Lane, East
Grinstead.

JOURNEYMAN (First), in the Houses.—
Age 23; eight years' experience. Good character. — H.,
Mr. G. Best. The Vyue, Sli._Tl.L-rm- St. John, Basingstoke.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 20;
two and a-half years' good character. — WM, YOUNG,
Barton Court Gardens, Kintbury, Berks.

JOURNEYMAN, in good Establishment.—
James Hobbs, Gardener, Chelston Cross, Torquay, w ill
be pleased to recommend a young man as above.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses. — Age 22;
six years' experience. Good characters.— T. WATMORE,
The Gardens, Englerield, Reading, Berks.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 21 ;
six years' experience. Good character. Bothy preferred.
—X. Y., Mr. Batchelor, Hareheld Park Gardens, Harefield,
Middlesex.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 19;
Bothy preferred. Can be well recommended. Three
years' good character.— Mr. WARD, Gardens, Stoke Edith,
Hereford.

JOURNEYMAN, in Houses, under Foreman ;
age 20.— H. Parrott, Gardener, Wood End, Chichester,
can recommend young man as above. Two years in present
situation.

JOURNEYMAN ; age 10.— Mr. W. Collett,
Sudbourn Hall Gardens, Wickham Market, Suffolk,
would be pleased to place his sou in a good establishment.
Three years' good experience.

JOURNEYMAN, Inside ; age 22. — J.
Trigger, The Gardens, Milton, Peterborough, would
be pleased to recommend to any Head Gardener an active and
industrious young man.

IMPROVER, in a Gentleman's Garden.—
F. B., Vine Cottage, Chigwell, Essex.

TMPROVER, in a good Garden.— Age 22;

JL strong and willing. Two years' and a half good characters.
--B. BECK, 13, Clougha View, Bowerhani, Lancaster.

TMPROVER, in a good Establishment. —

v A?e2J0;„two>,ear3'Bood character.— H. H., 41, Holde n
hurst Road, Bournemouth.

TMPROVER, in a good Garden.— Age 18;

i™™J. a,1d strong- Churchman. Good character. — W.
SLMCOE, Mears Ashby, Northampton.

JOURNEYMAN, Inside, or Inside and Out.

d i. "5^1 BuSBJ. Gardener to F. Willan, Esq., Thornhill
rant, uitterne, Hants, will be pleased to recommend a young
Man, who has been with him six years as above. Bothy
preferred.— Address as above.

rFO NURSERYMEN.— Wanted, situation in

J- Nursery. Six years' experience. Well up in General
work Inside. Good references. Age 20 — Q- PARKS
Cemetery Road, Hailshain, Sussex.

rT-0 MARKET GROWERS.— Young man

-*- (age 19) requires situation in the Houses. Six years'
experience. Good references. Total abstainer.— F. CROOK,
Hamilton Nursery, Commercial Road, Southampton.

-yO NURSERYMEN.— Advertiser seeks a re-

-*- engagement to Grow Grapes. Tomatos, Cucumbers, Cut
Flowers, and Plants in quantity.— W. N., Gardeners' Chronicle
Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

yO NURSERYMEN, &c.-Wanted, situation,

-L age 20 ; has had experience in Market Nurseries. Little
knowledge of Seed Business. Has good testimonials.—
GAYTON, Prospect Nursery, Hornsey, N.

TO GENTLEMEN.— Wanted by respectable
youth (age 18), a situation in Gentleman's Garden. In-
side preferred. Abstainer. Over three years' experience.
Good character,— B. JOHNSON, 43, Elsdon Road, Tottenham.

TO NURSERYMEN.— Young man (age 22)

J- seeks situation in Nursery. Good experience in Fruit
and Pot Stuff for Market. Good references.— H. B., 4, Triangle
Cottages, Hampton Hill, Middlesex .

£5 Premium.

TO FLORISTS.— Advertiser seeks a situation
under Glass, where he can acquire the Knowledge of
Flowers. Four years at last place in service, and has the
knowledge of Kitchen Garden.— F. NORRIS, 5, Chandos Road.
Tunbridge Wells, Kent.

rrO GARDENERS, &c.— Situation wanted, by

-I- a young man (age 19) ; quick at Potting, Tying, and
Watering, &c— W. CHAPMAN, HaUiford Road, Sunbury.

NURSERY MANAGER, TRAVELLER, or
SALESMAN.— Knows the Trade well all round.— T. S.,
Bath Road, Harlington, Middlesex.

To Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Florists.

MANAGER or SHOPMAN, England or
America, married (small salary), leading London house
experience. Good descriptive Writer, Book-keeper, and
Designer. Steady, obliging.— U. C, 47, Roxwell Road, Shep-
herd's Bush, W.

QHOPMAN, oT MANAGER. —Age 30;

KJ thorough knowledge of Flower, Vegetable, and Agricul-
tural Seeds, Bulbs, &c. Fifteen years' experience in London
and provincial Houses.— H. C, 41, St. John's Road, Clapham
Junction, S.W.

CHOPMAN (Second), ASSISTANT, or

t*~s CLERK. — Seven years' experience in the Growing and
Furnishing. — W., Coldharbour, Wheatstone.

QHOPMAN (Under). — Good experience in

O Bulb and Seed Trade. Willing to help in other depart-
ments.— F. WHITE, Messrs. W. Fromow & Sons, Sutton
Court Nursery, Chiswick, W.

SHOPMAN (Assistant). — Four years' experi-
ence in Seed, Bulb, Cut Flower, and Plant Trade. Good"
references.— A. GOLDRING, 26, Port Hall Place, Brighton.

TO FLORISTS, FRUITERERS, and GREEN-
GROCERS.— Knowledge of Wreaths, Bouquet, and
Cut Flower Trade. Can take a round and attend market.
Age 25, single. — E. TAYLOR, Salvington, Worthing, Sussex.

HANDY MAN, on Gentleman's Estate,
Painting, rough Carpenter. — Age 36, married. — W.
ARBER, 3, Mount Park Terrace, Russell Road, South Wim-
bledon.

To Nurserymen.

CARMAN. — Age 19 ; abstainer. Good re-
ferences. Can drive well.— G., 48, Marlborough Street,
New Cross, S.E.

TO FLORISTS— Wanted, by a young Lady,
a situation in a Shop. Good Wreath and Bouquet Hand.
Good references. — L. D., 1, Jubilee Cottages, Englishcombe,
Bath.

rPO FLORISTS.— Wanted, by an experienced

J- young Lady, engagement in first-class Florist's Business.
Good references.— FLORIST, 9, West Street, Colchester.

HOLLOWAY'S PILLS. — Indigestion. —
How much thought has been bestowed, and what
voluminous treatises have been written upon this universal and
distressing disease, which is with certainty and safety dis-
pelled without fear of relapse by a course of this purifying,
soothing and tonic medicine I It acts directly on the stomach,
liver, and bowels — then indirectly, though no less effectively,
on the brain, nerves, vessels and glands, introducing such order
throughout the entire system that harmony dwells between
each organ and its functions. Dyspepsia need no longer be the
bugbear of the public, since Holloway 's Pills are fully competent
to subdue the most chronic and distressing cases of impaired
digestion, and to restore the miserable sufferer to health,
strength and cheerfulness.

260

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[August 31, 1SS9.

HEATING ! HEATING !! HEATING !!!

'HE THAMES BANK I

Undertake the complete erection of HEATING APPARATUS for GREENHOUSES, OFFICES, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, &c. Have the
largest stock of BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS in the Trade to select from, and invite inspection of same.

B0I1ERS of the latest and moat approved class, including the

PATENT HORIZONTAL TUBULAR, with WATER BARS ; CAST-IRON SADDLE, with WATERWAY-
END, Etc. ; VENTILATING CEAR and VALVES.

In the event of a Pipe requiring to h^ replaced in the Patent Horizontal Tubular II iler, an arrangement his been perfected whe.eby same may be effected in the course of a few minutes,

without the necessity of disturbing ihe brickwork Betting.

ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, 1*. PRICE LIST FREE.
UPPER GROUND STREET, 8LACKFRIARS, LONDON, S.E.

Telegraphic Address -'Hot-water, London." Telephone, No. 4763.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE FORM OF SUBSCRIPTION.

F liOM

W, RICHARDS.

41, Wellington Stbeet, Sthand,
LONDON. W.C.

Please

commencing

send me "The Gardeners' Chronicle"
, for which 1 enclose P. 0.0.

for

1889.
. Months,

l-JT Please note that all Copies sent direct from this Office mu3t be paid for in advanea.

THE UNITED KINGDfJM: — VI Months, 15s.; « Months, Is. tiii.\ 3 Months. 3s. Btf.; Post-free.

FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTIONS (excepting India and China) :— Including Postage, 17s. 6Vf. for Twelve Months. India and China, 19*. 6d.

Receipts for less than six mouths' subscription will not be sent unless specially asked for.

P. O.O. to be made payable at the Post Office, No. 42, DRURY LANE, London, to W. RICHARDS.

Cheques shouUl he crossed " DRITMMOND."

G C
Aug. 81, 1889.

Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor;" A ivertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher," at the Oifice, 41, Wellingtonfitreet, Covent Garden, Lo.iloii, W.C j
Printed by William Richards, at the Oifice of Messrs. Bkadborv, Ao.vew, & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City of London, in the County of Middlesex, and published by the
Slid William Richards at the Oifice. 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's. Cjrent Garden, in the said County.— SATURDAr. August 31. l<Hs>. Agent tor M inchest T—Jos* HRVWOUD.

ESTABLISHED 1841

No. 141.— Vol. VI.

f Thihd \
\ Series./

SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 7, 1889.

[Regt. as a Newspaper. / RICE SO
\ Post-free. 3io

3Jrf.

CONTENTS.

AJlotmeDt gardening ... 265

Apiary, the 270

Barham Court, Maid-
stone 276

Bulbs in Scilly 276

Bunyard & Co. 'a nursery 266
Chlorosis and greeu

vitriol 278

Chrysanthemum maxi-
mum 279

Coelogyne corrugata ... 272

Cypripedium "Beatrice" 266

Dahlia, centenary of the 274

Eehinocactus pumilus ... 278

Flower girden, the ... 273

Fruit culture, prize essay 275

,, drying 277

„ foreign importation

of 278

„ storing of 278

Fruits under glass ... 273

Gardeners' Orphan Fund 275

Gardening appointments 286

Hardy fruit garden ... 273

Hollyhock disease ... i79

Iris Bornmuelleri ... 279

Kitchen garden, the ... 273

Lilium auratum... ... 279

Lowe's nursery

Melons in France
Montbretia securigera ...
Odontoglossum Pesca-

torei

Orchid culture past and
present

,, no es

Orchids in Glasgow
Palms, branching
Paris tfardeus, &c.

Peaches

Peas, forcing

Pelargoniums

Plant* and their culture
Plum Conference
Presentation to

Rabone

Seed trade the

Societies : —

Harpenden

Reading

Royal Oxfordshire

Scottish

Strawberry British Queen
Tomato, a dessert

Turner's nursery

Verbenas at flower shows

Mr.

ILLU8TRATION8.

Beetle destructive to Palms

Dahlia coccinea ...
„ gracilis var. superba
„ hitta

Fruit dryirfg apparatus ...

Palm, branching

203
^76
275

272

269
270
272
277
277
279
278
270
272
275

276
270

280
230
281
281
279
278
263
279

274
279
271
267
277
275

I Advertisers are specially requested to note, that,
under no circumstances ivhatever, can any
particular position be guaranteed for ad~
vertisements occupying less space than an
entire column.

mHE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

JL • IN AMERICA.

The Subscription to America, including Postage, is $4.30 for
Twelve Months.

Agent for America :— E. H. LIBBY, "The American Garden,"
751. Broadway, New York, to whom American Orders may
be sent.

NATIONAL CHRYSANTHEMUM
SOCIETY.— The FIRST EXHIBITION will be held
| at the Royal Aquarium. Westminster, WEDNESDAY and
, THURSDAY, September 11 and 12. A Conference will also be
) held at 4 o'Clock, ou September 11. Schedules and all par-
ticulars free of WILLIAM HOLMES, Hon. Sec.
FramptonPark Nurseries. Hackney. London. E.
Note. — A Subscription of 5s. per annum, entitles to Free
j Admission to all Shows, Conferences, and Floral Meetings of
tbe Society, and aUo to Vote at all General Meetings.

ROYAL BOTANICAL and HORTICULTU-
RA1 SOCIETY of MANCHESTER.— EXHIBITION of
FRUITS and FLOWERS, SEPTEMBER 20 and 2i. For
Schedules, apply to the undersigned, -noTTr-ir irrvnT a v
Botanic Gardens, Manchester BRUCE FINDLAY.

Bulbs.

EH. KRELAGE and SON, The King's
• NUKSERYMEV. SEEDSMEN, and FLORISTS. HAARLEM

(Holland), have published iheir General CATALOGUES of
Butch and other Bulbs, which will be sent post-free on prepaid
application to their address direct. Tbese Catalogues are
No. 410, Dutch Flower Roots ; 430, Dutch Flower Roots (extract
and supplement) ; No. 405, Miscellaneous Bui bous and Tuberoua-
rooted Plants ; 435, Supplement to 405, price, alterations, and
novelties.

GENISTAS.— For Sale, a few thousands, in
3-inch pots at 85. per 100 ; fine bushy plants, in 40-pots,
34s. per 100.

Cash with order to be made payable at High Street,
Ley ton.

T. BALDWIN akd SON,
Edith Nursery, Burchall Road, Ley ton.

SUTTON'S BULBS.— The best of the season.
•' I think your Hyacinths beat all others." — Mrs. Frank
STERICKER. Dauby Home

SUTTON'S HYACINTHS, TULIPS, NAR-
CISSUS, CROJUS, SNOWDROPS. LILIES, and o'her
spring flowering Bulb*, are now ready for delivery. Orders
value 5*.. Carriage Fr*e. ^

SUTTON'S BULBS, Genuine only Direct
FROM

SUTTON and SONS, The Qukex's Seedsmen. REiDIVG.

To tbe Trade.

FERNS— FERNS— FERNS.— Annual Sale of
Surplus Stock. 100 000 good stuff, ready for 4s's. iu 20
mo-tsaleablesirt*, 10s. and 12s p-r 100 Onelarge DIOK^OVIA
ANTARCri A.fme-tin Loud m, cheap. Pa kage free —SMITH,
London Fern Nu sery, Lunghborou^h R 'ail. Bnxtm, S.W.

DUTCH BULBS!— BULBS! — BULBS!—
Hyacinths, Tulip-*, Narcissi. Cro<'Use9, Anemones, Ra-
nunculus, Lilies, aud all oth-r Bulbous Plants and Roots.
Goods delivered entirely free of any chtrge at destination in
Great Britain and Ireland. No picking charges. The mist
favourable and easy terms ever offered. Only th finest roots,
guara teed true to name, supplied at lowest prices Beauti-
fully illustrated English CATALOGUE for Am teurs. gratis
and po-t-free on application to VaM MEERBEEK and CO.,
Growers Hilleg-'m. near Haarlem, Holland.

PALMS. — Leading decorative sorts in many
size9, great quantities, and in finest health.
FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Nu-seryman, Richmond, Surrey;
and Flower Market. Covent Gi»rdJn. W.C.

C CAMELLIAS, in Bud and in good condition
J (Rose and Red), for Sale. 1 to 8 feet. 1 to 6 feet. 3 to 5 feet,
2 to 4 feet, and 1 to 3 feet high from ground, in pots. £5 the
lot. Now out of doors harneniug.

GARDENER, Oakwood Lodje, Epsom, Surrey.

STRAWBERRY RUNNERS for FRUITING
NEXT SEASON.— Thury, Paxton. President, and other
favourite varieties. Descriptive LIST, with prices, ou appli-
cation. Sample of plants, post free, 3(f.

W. LOVF.LL A-JD SON. Striwherry Planters, Driffield.

PEACHES, FJGS, GRAPES, CUCUMBERS,
TOM \.TOS. &c. Highest Market Prices guaranteed.
Prompt Cash —HENRY RIDKS. Cove'.t Garden.

SutdIus Cut Flowers

HOOPER and GO. (Limited) RECEIVE and
DISPOSE of any quantity of above at best Markei
Prices. Boxes. &c, supplied. — Address. Commission Departs
meut. HOOPER AND CO (Limited). Covent Garden. W C.

W. BARNHAM (late of Squelch &

• Barnham) RECEIVES ON COMMISSION. GRAPES,

TOMATOS, and other Choice FRUITS ; also FLOWERS. His

personal attention secu-ing highest Market Prices. Account

Sales daily, and cheques at option. Baskets and labels found.

Long Market. Covent Garden. W C.

WANTED, three or four White CAMEL-
LIA9 (tilba plena), half-specimen plants, well set with
Bud; also three or four White AZALEA INDICA ALBA.
— State lowest pri.-e for c ish to

GARDENER. The Croft. Swindon.

WANTED, Geranium Cuttings,
MRS. W. PAUL, for cash; or EXCHANGE for
MASTER CHRISTINE, VESUVIUS. FLoWEK OF SPRING.
G. HOWES, Merton Hall Gardens. Thetford.

WANTED, STOVE and GREENHOUSE
PLANTS, email from stores; Gold and Silver Tri-
colors (not Pollock's), Primulas, Hardy, alt varieties ; Poly-
anthus, named ; Hepaticas angulosa, white, double and single
blue ; named Show Pinks and Aurirulas, Asparagus, Plumosa
nana, Daphnes. Large scarlet and blue Salvias; Raspberry
Canes, red and yellow ; Choisya temata. W. A. Richardson
Rose ; small Orchids, Hollyhocks, good Herbaceous Plants, &c.
Address, R. C, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

HB. MAY'S great ANNUAL TRADE
• SALE. Dyson's Lane Nursery, Upper Edmonton,
MONDAY, Septrmb-r '6. 1889. FERNS, immense quantities.
in all sizes. Tree CARN vTTONS, BOUVARDIA.S. and
CYCLAMEN, in splendid condition for winter flowering.
CBOTON3 DRACffi ;AS, and otner STnVE PLANTS.
IVURRCHAL NIEL and oth^r TEA ROSES, unusually fine
this season. AMPEL'>PSIS. IVIES. CLEM VTIS, GENISTAS,
ami a great variety of other useful plants.

Freuuent trains from City (Liverpool Street, G.E.R.) to
Angel Koad and Silver Street

BA R R'S NEW DAFFODIL

" MKS. GEORGR CAVIMELL," The G eat Sp.nish
Beauty. Amnng-t Daffodils this is the most distinct in cha-
racter, and the most rvfi.ied in b-auty ; pe-fectly hardy. 21s.
per dozen. 2s. each ; extra I trg bulbs, 30s. per d >/en. 3s. each.

B irr's General Bulb Catalogue free on application.

Barr's Itaff jdil and Plant Catalogue fr**e «n appH.-arion.

Barr's Rare Species of Crocus aud Meadow Saffron List on
application.
BARR ,nd SON, 12 and 13. Kins Street. Covent Garden, W.C.

Hyacintba. Tulips, Crocus, Lilies. &c.

CG. VAN TUBE ^GEN, Jun., Haarlem,
• Holland.— Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and
mav b* had free on application to

Messrs. R SIL8ERRVD a.vd SON. 25. Savage Gardens,
Crut.-hei Friars. London. R.C

Camellias, Azaleas, Rhododendrons, Palms. Orchids,
&c. Plants grown specially for Eo1rli->h u-e.

CVUYL8TEKE, Nurseryman,
• Loochristy, Ghent, Belgium.

Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, aud may be had,
free on application to
Messrs. R. SILBERRAD and SON, 2b, Savage Gardens,
Crutched Friars. London, EC.

DAFFODILS and NARCISSUS.—
From 50 to 100 per ceut fall in all sorts of Daffodils
and Narcissus Write for " Hartlan I'a 36 quarto-page Book "
on the subject. It is acknowledged to be tne mo t complete
eiant. Price Is. 6rf ; returnable unless considered value.
Certainly as a wo>k of art. it should be in the hands of all
lovers of "old fashioned " doners.

WVI BAYLOR KARTLAND, Seedsman and Florist, 24,
Patrick Street. *'ork.

S^TKAWBE-KKItiS.— Leading kinds. in 3£-inoh

med ate Planting or Potting ou for Forcing.

Send for LIST

FKWCtS R KINGHORN.

Su^r-v ; and Ftow-r M ik- t. I

She^u Nurseries, Richmond,
iv -nt G'rd-n. W.C

LAXTON'S nkw STRAWBERRIES
Must bn grown by all.
Decriptive LIST, with prices of "Latest of All" (new,
l-o9), '•Noble." "A F. Barron," " Commanaer," &c, now
ready. Six Kirswilaa* Certifieates.

THOVHS LAXTON. SeeH Grower. Bedford.

Strawberries, from the Oarden of England.

GEORGE BUNYARD and CO. oan now
offer very tine Runners and Plants in small pots of all
the finest kinds. LIST free.

Old Nurseries, Maidstone.

Raspberries and Strawberries.

FASTOLK is the best RASPBERRY for crop
and quility. strong Canes 4*. per 100.
STRAWBRRRIES LAXTON s N BLE. is. : SIR JOSEPH
PAXTON, 2s id.; JAMES VEITCH. 2«. per 100

BKIN'KWORTH and SONS Plant Growers. Reading.

THOMSON'S IMPROVED VINEand PLANT
MANURE.— This valuable .Manure is marie only by as.
Every bag and tin has our name on it. To be haa of all Nursery
and Seedsmen, and direct irom us. I cwt. and over earr age
paid. London Agent — Mr. GEORGE. 10. Victoria Road. Putney.
W.M. THOMSON and SONS. Clovenfords, Galashiels, N.B.

CHRYSANTHEMUM CULTURE.—
Standee's Manure, admitted by growers to be unrivalled
for this purpose ; in tins, U., 25. Qd.. r,s 6d., and 10*. 6d. each.
Sold by all Seedsmen.

SENT GRATIS. — WOOD and SU^'S
interesting Pamphlet on Fertilizing Moss. Moat valu-
able information on Plant and Bulb Culture.

WOOD and SON, Wood Green, N.

262

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 7, 1889.

SALES by AUCTION.

Dutch Bulbs.
GREAT UNRESERVED SALES, every MONDAY, WEDNES-
DAY, THURSDAY, and SATURDAY.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67
and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C., every MONDAY, WED-
NESDAY, THURSDAY, and SATURDAY, at half-past
11 o'clock each day, extensive consignments of first-class
HYACINTHS, TULIPS. CROCUS, NARCISSUS, and other
BULBS, from Holland, lotted to suit the Trade and Private
Buyers.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

The Great Annual Trade Sales of Greenhouse and

OTHER PLANTS.

IMPORTANT TO NURSERYMEN, FLORISTS, and

OTHERS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS beg
to call attention to the GREAT ANNUAL TRADE
SALES, which will take place as advertised in this day's
paper. All Catalogues are sent free of charge, and are now
realy for distribution. Copies forwarded on application to the
Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.G.

Swanley Junction, Kent.

GREAT UNRESERVED SALE of immense quantities of

GREENHOUSE PLANTS, unusually well-grown.

Important to the Trade.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Mr. P. Ladds, to SELL by AUCTION,
without reserve, on the Premises, the Nurseries, Swanley
Junction, Kent, adjoining Swanley Junction Railway Station,
on WEDNESDAY NEXT, September 11, at 11 o'clock
punctually, in consequence of there being upwards of 1600
Lots, immense quantities of remarkably well- grown GREEN-
HOUSE PLANTS, including the following :

22,000 Erica hyemalis and su-

perba, in 48's. and 32's
4,000 Erica gracilis, in 48's
30,000 Genistas
5, "00 Ventricosa and other
Heaths, in 48's and 32's

50,000 small Heaths, for pot-
ting on
2,000 Miss Joliffe Carnations
2,000 Adiantum cuneatum
7,000 Tea Koses, all best
varieties

Palms, Pandanus Veitchii, Adiantum Farleyense, and other
Stock.

The Stock may now be viewed. Catalogues obtained of
Mr. Ladds, on the Premises ; and of the Auctioneers, 67 and
68, Cheapside, E.C., and Leytonstone, E.

WGiln.csd<iv Next
1000 AZALEA INDICA, from Belgium, including 500
Deutsche Perle.
100 CAMELLIAS.
200 AZALEA MOLLIS, and 400 lots of DUTCH BULBS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL the above at their Central Auction Rooms, 67
and 68, Cheapside, E.C., on WEDNESDAY NEXT, Sep-
tember 11, at half-past 11 o'clock precisely.

On view Morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Sldcup, Kent.

About ten minutes' walk from New Eltham (late Pope
Street) Station, S.E. Railway.
GREAT ANNUAL TRADE SALE of winter bloomingHEATHS,
particularly well-grown and beautifully set with flowers.

\ I ESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are

AtJL instructed by Messrs. Gregory and Evans, to SELL by
AUCTION, without reserve, on the Premises, The Longlands
Nursery, Sidcup, on THURSDAY, September 12, at 11 o'Clock
precisely, in consequence of the great number of Lots,
an enormous quantity of unusually well-grown PLANTS,
comprising

2,000 Erica Cavendishii
5,000 Mixed Ferns in 48's
1,000 Double Primulas
1,000 Cyclamen
2,000 Roses in 24's and 48's
1,000 Poinsettias
2,000 Solanums
Plants, including PALMS,

25,000 Winter Flowering

Heaths
5 000 Erica ventricosa, of sorts
25,000 small Ferns for growing

on, including Pteris cris-

tata, P. Mayi, P. compacta,

P. Argyrea, Lomaria Gibba

Large quantities of Mixed
FICUS, DRACENAS, &c.

May be viewed. Catalogues had on the Premises, and of the
Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C., and Leytonstone, E.

Friday Next.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS have
received instructions from Messrs. Seeger & Tropp, to
SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale R^oms, 67 and 68,
Cheapside, London, E.C., on FRIDAY NEXT, September 13,
at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, a quantity of well-grown
ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, including—
Cattleya velutina. in flower Cypripedium Finetianum

bicolor Wrigleyana, in
i lower
Dendrobium nobile album, see

coloured illustration
Lielia eiegans Stebznesiana
,, ,, prasiata
,, Roth^ehildiana
Cypripedium Stonei acrosepa-
lam

,, meirax

,, Pageanum

,, Seegerianum
Sobralia violacea

„ xantholeuca
Dendrobium Schroder!
Masdevallia elephanticeps

„ chestertoni
Pleurothallis Roezli,

and other ORCHIDS of value, the whole in best possible health
and condition.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Friday Next.

THE REMAINING PORTION of the BARVIN'S PARK COL-
LECTION of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, for UNRE-
SERVED SALE, by order of the Proprietor, the Estate
having been sold.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale
Rooms, 67 and 63, Cheapside, E.G., on FRIDAY NEXT, Sep-
tember la, at half-past 12 o'clock, the final portion of this EX-
TENSIVE COLLECTION, comprisingabout 600 Odontoglossum
Alexandra, mostly from Messrs. Shuttleworth, Carder & Co.'s
importations including a large number of plants flowered in
the Collection and proved to be very fine varieties; 400 large
Odontoglossum Rossii majus, Cattleyas, and other ORCHIDS,
The whole for absolute Sale without the least reserve.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Friday Next.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
include in their SALE on FRIDAY, September 13, at
their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C., London,
a small COLLECTION of very rare CYPRIPEDIUMS, in
splendid health.

Dyson's Lane Nursery, Upper Edmonton,

(about 5 minutes' walk from Angel Road, and 8 minutes from
Silver Street Railway Station, G.E.R.)
FOURTH ANNUAL TRADE SALE of about 45,000 GREEN-
HOUSE and OTHER' PLANTS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Mr. H. B. May, to SELL by AUCTION,
on the Premises, Dyson's Lane Nursery, Upper Edmonton, on
MONDAY, September 16, at 11 for 12 o'Clock punctually, in
consequence of the large number of Lots, about 45,000 STOVE
and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, remarkably well-grown and in
the best possible condition, including : —

Tea Roses in Pots, Mnrechal

Niel, Gloire de Dijon,

and W. A. Richardson.

10,000 Bouvardias, including

President Cleveland,

Mrs. Robert Green

(new) ; Jasminoides,

Candidissima.

6000 Genistas, fine bushy stuff .

amazonica, Aralias, Statices,

20,000 Ferns, all of the most
useful market sorts,
and many novelties.
10,000 Tree Carnations, inclu-
ding a fine lot of Mrs.
Reynolds Hole, Mdlle.
Carle, A. Alegatierre,
Andalusia, Old Crim-
son Clove, &c.
Crotons, Dractenas, Eucharis

Euphorbia jacquiniflora, &c, Ampelopsis Veitchii, Clematis,
and Ivies, Cyclamen, Double White Primulas, English-grown
Camellias, .well set with buds; Azileas, forward in bud, for
early forcing; Ficus elastica, Aralia Sieboldii, small Heaths,
Genistas, Bouvardias &c, for growing on, and a great variety
of other useful plants.

May be viewed any day previous to the Sale. Catalogues
may be obtained on the Premises ; and of the Auctioneers, 67
and 68, Cheapside, E.C., and Leytonstone, E.

Lee, Kent, S.E.
GREAT ANNUAL TRADE SALE, to commence punctually at
11 o'Clock, there being upwards of 1200 lots to Sell in one
day.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Messrs. B. Mailer & Sons, to SELL by
AUCTION, on the Premises, the Burnt Ash Lane Nurseries,
Lee, Kent, S.E., adjoining the Lee Railway Station, S.E.R.,
on TUESDAY, September 17, at 11 o'clock punctually, without
reserve, a large quantity of remarkably well-grown WINTER
BLOOMING HEATHS, and other STOVE and GREENHOUSE
PLANTS, consisting of :—

600 Cyclamen
1,500 Epacria

S00 Boroniamegastigma
5,000 Genistas
3,000 Solannm capsieastruni,

well berried
2,500 Bourvardias
1,000 Adiantum cuneatum
500 Lomaria gibba
800 Tea Roses (in pots)
500 Aralia Sieboldii

20,000 Erica hyemalis

gracilis
,, Cavendishii
,, coccinea mi'ior
,, caffra

,. melanthera, all
well set with bloom-
buds
2,500 Grevillea robusta
l,0u0 Ampelopsis Veitchii
34 Camellias, specimens

5,000

2,000

1,000

600

with a large quantityof young Erica hyemalis, E. C;ivendishii,
E. gracilis, and others; also Genistas, all in 60-pots for
growing on.

The Stock is now on view. Catalogues may be had on the
Premises; at the Seed Warehouse, 61, High Street, Lewis-
ham, S.E. ; and of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68,
Cheapside, London, E.C.

Lea Bridge Road, E.

ANNUAL UNRESERVED TRADE SALE of FINE WINTER-
FLOWERING HEATHS, &c.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. John Fraser to SELL by
AUCTION, on the Premises, the Lea Bridge Nurseries, Lea
Bridge Road, Leyton, E. (close to the Hoe Street Station,
Great Eastern Railway), on WEDNESDAY, September 18, at
11 o'Clock precisely, in consequence of the large number of
lots, a large quantity of WINTER-FLOWERING and other
PLANTS, including: —

12,000 Erica hyemalis
3,000 Tree Carnations
4,000 Erica gracilis
6,000 Genista fragrans
6,000 Ampelopsis Veitchii,

4 feet
2,000 Epacris

2,000 Lapageria rosea superba
6,000 Cyclamen persicum

(Fraser's superb strain)
2,000 Passiflora Constance

Elliot and ccerulea
1,000 Variegated and other

Ivies

2,000 Marechal Niel, Gloire de
Dijon, William Allen
Richardson, and other
Roses, 8 to 10 feet

6,000 Clematis Jackmanii, and
other best-named sorts

1,000 Deutzia gracilis, esta-
blished in pots

6,000 Bouvardias, including a
lot of *' President Cleve-
land"

5,000 Solanums, beautifully
berried

1,000 Clematis indivisa lobata

and a great number of Araucaria excelsa. Erica perspicua
erecta, Erica caffra, large-flowering white Jasmines, Honey-
suckles, Stephanotis floribunda, Ivy-leaved Geraniums,
Boronia megastigma and heterophylla, Escallonia macrantha.
Gum Cistus, Japanese Honeysuckles, Ceanothus, and other
plants. Also a large quantity of young Heaths and Genistas,
for potting on.

The whole of the Stock is in the best condition, and ready for
immediate sale.

Hoe Street Station, on the Great Eastern Railway, is
within a short distance of the Nursery. Trains from Liverpool
Street every half-hour.

May be viewed. Catalogues had on the Premises ; and of
the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C, and
Leytonstone, E.

Friday, September 20-

SPECU.L SALE of ESTABLISHED and IMPORTED
ORCHIDS. Important to the Trade.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Messrs. Sander & Co. to SELL by
AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside,
E.C, on FRIDAY, September 20. at half-past 12 o'clock,
a large quantity of IMPORTED and ESTABLISHED
ORCHIDS.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogixes had.

Enfield Highway, N.

The Brimsdown Nursery, adjoining Brimsdown
Station, G. E. R.
TWENTY-FIRST ANNUAL TRADE SALE of STOVE and
GREENHOUSE PLANTS. The Sale to commence punc-
tually at 11 o'Clock, there being upwards of 1200 Lots to
Sell in one day.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Mr. J. Mailer, to SELL by AUCTION, on
the Premises, The Brimsdown Nursery, Green Street, Enfield
Highway, N., adjoining the Brimsdown Station, G. E. R., on
THURSDAY, September 19, at half-past 10 for 11 o'Clock
punctually, in consequence of the large number of Lots, large
quantities of remarkably well-grown STOVE and GREEN-
HOUSE PLANTS, comprising :

15,000 Winter- blooming
Heaths, including hye-
malis, gracilis, caffra,
Wilmorea, ventricosas
in variety, &c.

5,000 Solanums, exception-
ally well-grown and
berried

5,000 Ferns, Adiantums, Lo-
marias, Pteris, &c.

3,000 Tree and otner Carna-
tions, leading varieties,
including 200 " Ger-
mania "

1,000 Epacris to name
5,000 Bouvardias, including
President Cleveland,
Vulcan, and other best
varieties

1,000 Grevillea robusta
5,000 Genistas
1,000 double white Primulas
1,000 Stove and Greenhouse
- Climbers, including Al-
lamandas, Bougainvil-
leas, Stephanotis, Tac-
sonias. Sec.
Dipladeniasof sorts
1,000 Passiflora
2,000 Ampelopsis Veitchii
500 Crotons, beautifully

coloured
150 Chrysanthemum " Mrs.
Alphrous Hardy,' '

• strong plants in 48's,
Palms, Ficus, Camel-
lias, and Azaleas for
cutting

Many thousands of small Ericas, Genistas, Ferns, &c.

Large quantities of Acacias, Gardenias, Euphorbia jacquini-
flora. Geraniums, Chrysanthemums, Poinsettias, Euonymus
ovatus aureus, &c, suitable for the Trade and other extensive
Buyers. *

May be viewed. Catalogues had on the Premises, and also
at the Brunswick Nursery, Tottenham ; and of the Auc-
tioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C, and Leytonstone, E.

N.B. — The whole of the Stock is in first-rate condition, the
Ericas being especially well set for flower, and the SolanuiUi
unusually well berried.

Sunningdale, near Bagshot.

GREAT CLEARANCE SALE of NURSERY STOCK, by
order of Mr. C Noble, who has unexpectedly received from
St. John's College, Cambridge, peremptory notice to quit
all lands held under them.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Mr. C Noble to SELL by AUCTION,
without reserve, on the Premises, The Nurseries, Sunningdale,
on MONDAY, October 14, and several following days, about
30 acres of thriving young NURSERY STOCK, which must be
cleared, and the greater portion of which has been planted
within two years, presenting a grand opportunity to Nursery-
men and other Large Consumers to secure large quantities bf
useful stock at auction prices.

Further particulars will shortly appear.

Preliminary Notice.

The well-known Collection of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS,
formed by the late C J. Partington, Esq., of Heaton
House, Cheshunt, and including undoubtedly one of the
finest lots of Phahenopsis that have been offered for many
years.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS beg
to announce that they have been favoured with instruc-
tions to prepare for SALE by AUCTION, in the month of
OCTOBER NEXT, the above well-known Collection of
ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, including an exce tionally fine
lot oE Phalasnopsis, the whole of the plants being remarkably
well grown, and in excellent condition. The Collection also
includes a very fine batch of Cattleya Mendelii, five plants of
C. Gaskelhana alba, C Mossite, a splendid lot of Masdevallias,
and others.

Further particulars will appear in future announcements.
Catalogues are now in course of preparation.
67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C

American Nurseries, Bagshot, Surrey.

PRELIMINARY NOTICE.
EXTENSIVE SALE of SURPLUS NURSERY STOCK. Highly
important to the Trade and gentlemen engaged in Planting.

Full particulars will be announced shortly.

Preliminary Notice.

Forthcoming SALES of NURSERY STOCK. Important to
the Trade, Noblemen, Gentlemen, Landscape Gardeners,
and others, engaged in planting during the coming
season.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
desire to announce that they have fixed the following

SALES of NURSERY STOCK.

OCT. 8 and 9. — At the LANDER'S LANE NURSERIES,
Woking, by order of Messrs. Holdforth & Son.

OCT. 9and 10.— At the ELVASTON NURSERIES, Borrowash,
Derby, by order of Messrs. W. Barron & Son.

OCT. 10.— At BANK'S NURSERY, Hayward's Heath, by order
of Mr. Banks.

OCT. 14, and several following days.— At the NURSERIES,
Sunningdale, by order of Mr. Charles Noble.

OCT. 30 and 31.— At the AMERICAN NURSERIES, Leyton-
stone.

Date not fixed.— At the HICKMANDIA NURSERY, Knock-
holt, near Sevenoaks, by order of Mr. W. Dale.

NOV. 4, and following days.— At the AMERICAN NURSERIES,
Bag>hot, by order of Messrs. J. Waterer & Sons.

NOV. 5.— At the HALE FARM NURSERIES, Tottenham, by
order of Mr. T. S. Ware.
Others are in course of being arranged. Messrs. PRO-
THEROE and MORRIS will be glad to add to their permanent

lists, the names of gentlemen and the trade who may wish to

receive Catalogues of these Sales, 67 and 68, Cheapside,

London, E.C.

Septei

Septembee 7, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

263

Splendid Bulbs from Holland.

3ALES every MONDAY, WEDNESDAY, and SATURDAY,
in Large and Small Lota, to suit all Buyers.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent
Garden, W.C., every MONDAY, WEDNESDAY and SATUR-
DAY at half-past 12 o'clock precisely each day, first-class
consignments of choice named HYACINTHS, TULIPS,
CROCUSES, SCILLAS, NARCISSUS, and other BULBS,
.arriving daily from well-known farms in Holland.

I On view mornings of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Wednesday Next— (Sale 7978).
TVf R. J. C. STEVENS will include in his SALE

IVj. BY AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street.
'Covent Garden, on WEDNESDAY NEXT. September 11,
J200 DRACJENA INDIVISA, from Ghent.

On view Morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Special Sale of Orchids In Flower and Bud.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUC-
TION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent
'Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT, September 12, at half-
jpast 12 o'Clock precisely, ORCHIDS in FLOWER and BUD,
Iconsisting of many fine varieties and Specimens, Established
.Orchids. Also several hundred lots of Choice Named HYA-
'CINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUSES, and OTHER BULBS.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

WANTED TO RENT, a GARDEN, with
several Greenhouses ; or a Small NURSERY*, with
Glass, Cottage, &c. Near a Railway Station. — Particulars and
terms to H. S. BLUNSDON, St. Andrew, near Swindon.

WANTED TO RENT, a small NURSER~Y,
in good condition, with 6 to S Glasshouses suitable for
Orchids and Soft-wooded Plants, and with about 1 to 2 acres of
Land attached. Within 15 miles of London, and with good
connection to use City. — Full details to U. S. N., Gardeners'
Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C.

GARDEN WANTED.— Wanted to Rent a
Garden, with one or two Greenhouses and Cottage ; or
small Nursery. — Particulars to A. B., 9, Bath Road, Banbury.

FOR SALE, a FLORIST BUSINESS, in the
West-end. Nine Glass-house?, well suited for the growth
of Orchids and other Choice Flowers. Twelve and a half years*
lease. Full particulars,

J. P., 9, St. Peter's Square, Hammersmith, W.

Extensive and desirable Nursery Business for Sale,

at Annan, Dumfriesshire.

The Nurseries extend to 51 acres or thereby, 8 acres being
held on lease from Mrs. Clarke of Galabanks, which expires at
Candlemas, 189U, and 46 acres belonging to the trustees of the
late Mr. Palmer, with whom arrangements could be made for
a Lease on very moderate terms.

The Nurseries are in the highest state of cultivation, and
the Stock is exceptionally healthy and good. It consists of
seedling and transplanted Forest Trees ; seedling and bedding
.Shrubs of all sorts ; and a fine collection of good growing
Coniferie ; with ornamental Trees, and Roses of the finest and
most varied sorts. There is also a fine and varied stock of Fruit
and other Trees, all iu excellent growth and in great demand.
In connection with the Nurseries, there are Sheds and Grounds
set apart and completely fitted up, for propagating and other
purposes.

The Nurseries are situated close to the Station of Annan, on
the main line of the Glasgow and South- Western Railway ;
and also near to the Station, on the line of the Caledonian
Railway Company.

This excellent situation affords a very ready and advantageous
outlet to all the English and Scotch Markets, and is one of the
great advantages which these Nurseries possess. There is also
a convenient outlet into Cumberland and the West Coast, by
the Solway Junction Railway.

Application for any further particulars may be made to
Messrs. BROWN and LITTLE, British Linen Company Bank,
Annan, who will arrange for inspection of the Nurseries.

Ten Years' Lease to be Sold.

A NURSERY, in the South of London,
containing 3 acres of Land, with 9 well-heated Green-
houses, 6 Pits, out of which 4 of them are also heated. It also
contains good Dwelling House with 7 rooms, new Stables,
Potting Shed, and a Show Boom. All are in the best possible
condition.

The Houses are well stocked with Plants, and the outside
with Vegetables, &c, all ready for the market. Onlv 4 miles
from Covent Garden. This is a very good chance for Market
Growers. Price very low. Cash.

For further particulars, apply by letter to J. A. R., Gar-
deners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

Apply for particulars to Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS,
Auctioneersand Land Agents, 67 and 68, Cheapside. London,E.C.

Apply HENRY MOORE, 59, Biahopsgate Street Within.

KENT.— TO BE LET on Lease, Well-
established NURSERY, doing a good business. Capital
Dwelling House, 4 acres of Ground, 4 Glass Houses, heated
Seed Shop, &c. Price for Goodwill, £100. Stock optional.
Rent, £55 per annum.
Apply PROTHEROE and MORRIS. 67, 68, Cheapside, E.C.

Q URREY.— TO BE LET, capital NURSERY,

O comprising 1 Acre of Ground, Vinery, 3 Greenhouses, all
heated ; Brick Pits and Outbuildings, Dwelling-house, 7 rooms ;
and Seed Shop. Rent, £55. Lease, 21 years. Price, £90.

Apply, PROTHEROE and MORRIS, 67 and 68, Cheapside,
E.C. Folio 6950.

TO BE LET, for Christmas Next, the well-
appointed family residence BAGOT MANOR, within a
mile of St. Helier's, Jersey, with all its Vineries and Green-
houses and extensive Fruit Plantations of upwards of 50,000
choice Pear Trees now in full bearing. The property is
divided into three sections, surrounded with high walls,
extending over two miles, on which grow choice Fruit Trees
also in full bearing.

Section 1. — Contains the family Residence, with Orna-
mental Trees, Flower Gardens, Conservatory, and extensive
Outhouses, Coach-house and Stables, Packing and Fruit
Rooms, walled Kitchen Garden, 7 Greenhouses and Vineries,
and 7 acres of Fruit Plantation and Gardener's Cottage.

No. 2. — Contains 11 acres of Fruit Plantation laid out in
squares, edged by Strawberry and Asparagus Plants, all of
which is completely walled in.

No. 3. — Contains 3j acres, most of which is also planted with
choice Trees in full bearing, all completely walled in.

For particulars, apply to G. P. BENEST, House and Estate
Agent, 18, Queen Street, Jersey.

Channel Islands.

TO LET, Highfield, St. Saviour's, Jersey,
delightful RESIDENCE, with 15 Green and Hot Houses,
in fall bearing.

Particulars, Mrs. BRAYN, on Premises.

WARRINGTON.— HOUSE and SHOP TO
LET, in principal Street; excellent opening for a
Seedsman.

Apply to W. H. BROOK, Solicitor. Warrington.

TO BE LET, at Michaelmas next, the
PILTDOWN NURSERIES, Maresfield, Sussex, 2\ miles
from TJckfield Station (L. B. and S. Coast Railway), and a
little more from Buxted and Sheffield Park Stations.

These Nurseries were for many years owned and occupied by
the late Mr. James Mitchell, one of the most successful
exhibitors of Roses of his day, and they are particularly suit-
able for their growth. They are also well adapted for all kinds
of Coniferfe and Flowering Shrubs, and Fruit and Forest Trees.
They are about 15 Acres in extent.

The Nurseries are well stocked with Roses of the best kinds,
Ornamental Shrubs, Fruit and Forest Trees, &c. It has been
for five years, and is now in the occupation of Mr. G. W. Piper.

They are an eisy distance from the Stations on the London,
Brighton, and South-Coast Railway, on the direct Tunbridge
Wells and Brighton Line, and are therefore in direct railway
communication with these towns, as well as Lewes, Hastings,
and Eastbourne.

For full particulars, and to view, apply to MARK SAND-
FORD, Estate Agent, Maresfield, near Uckfield, Sussex.

Fifty Nurseries, Market Gardens, Florist and Seed

BUSINESSES to be DISPOSED OF.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS'
HORTICULTURAL REGISTER contains full parti-
culars of the above, and can be obtained, gratis, at
67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C.

LANDSCAPE GARDENING.— Our Mr. T. H.
Mawson (successful competitor) is prepared to Advise
on, and submit Designs for all classes of Landscape Gardening,
Estate Improvements. Highest testimonials from gentlemen
for whom he has already carried out improvements, Sec.
Address, MAWSON BROTHERS, The Nurseries, Windermere.

Landscape Gardening.
A RTIIUR M. KETTLEWELL (late of

■t\. St. John's College, Oxford), is willing to undertake the
Laying-out of Ornamental Grounds, Gardens, Parks, Cemeteries,
&c. For some time under the supervision of one of the first
Landscape Gardeners in England. Excellent testimonials.
Charities, half commission.— Address, Titley House, Titley,
R.S.O., Herefordshire.

"DLICK TESTIMONIAL.— We beg to thank

-*-* the Gentlemen who so kindly assisted in subscribing to
the above matter, and to inform them that the Fund having
now reached the sum of £50, the List has been Closed.

The Testimonial was presented to Mr. BLICK (privately) in
the form of a cheque for the above sum on Saturday evening
last. JAMES ALDOUS (Hon. Treasurer).

S. M. SEGAR (Hon. Secretary).

The recipient of the above Testimonial wishes to thank most
gratefully all those Gentlemen and Friends who so kindly
assisted by subscribing to it.— A. BLICK.

Royal Parka.— Grass Seeds.

THE COMMISSIONERS of H.M. WORKS,
&c, are prepared to RECEIVE TENDERS for the
SUPPLY of GRASS SEEDS for use in the Royal Parks, &c,
during the year 1890. Forms of Tender, containing full par-
ticulars, may be obtained at this Office any day excepting
Saturday between the hours of 12 and 3.

The Commissioners do not bind themselves to accept the
lowest or any Tender.

H. W. PRIMROSE, Secretary.

H.M. Office of Works, &c— 28th August, 1889.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

(JOHN COWAN), Limited,

Make SPECIALTIES of the following:—

ORCHIDS, of which they have an immense stock, and they are
constantly receiving fresh importations from various parti
of the world.

ORCHID BASKETS, made of the best Teak and Copper Wire.

COWAN'S PATENT ORCHID POTTERY, which should be
used for all Orchids.

ORCHID PEAT Of best quality. Sphagnum MOSS. Best
Wood CHARCOAL.

TEA and Other ROSES In pots. The Company have a
large and splendid stock, all healthy and vigorous.

FERNS, a large and fine stock of the leading kinds.

GRAPE VINES. The Company's Stock is, as usual, unsur-
passed by any in the country. Strong Vines raised from
eyes this season, fit for immediate planting.

ROMAN HYACINTHS, 1st size, 5 to 6£ inches circumference,

17s.6rf.p. 100; 2nd size, 15s. p. 100; 3rd size, 125. 6d. p. 100.

The Company offer all the above at the lowest possible

prices. New Illustrated LIST, post-free, on application to

THE VINEYARD AND NURSERIES,
GARSTON, LIVERPOOL.

CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, E., and
BUSH HILL PARK, ENFIELD.— The glass structures
cover an area of upwards of 315,000 feet. Eighty Houses
devoted to culture of ORCHIDS, PALMS, and FERNS. Also
immense quantities of WINTER and SPRING FLOWERING
PLANTS in variety; DECORATIVE and ORNAMENTAL
FOLIAGED PLANTS, FRUIT TREES, GRAPE VINES,
ROSES, in pots and open ground, SHRUBS, &c. Many
leading articles offered by the thousand. Inspection of the
Stock invited.— HUGH LOW AND CO.

ITREESIAS, REFRACT A ALBA, 3s. Qd
per 100, or 30s. per 1000 ; LEICHTLINI MAJOR, 5s. tM.
per 100; Mixed Seedlings, 3s. per 100, or 25s. per 1000.
Warranted all good dowering bulbs. Apply

A. GUILBERT, Mount Durand, Guernsey.

STRAWBERRIES — STRAWBERRIES. —
Laxton's Noble. Strong plants of this splendid variety
for Market Growers, well rooted in large 60s. Price, to clear,
17s. per 100, or £7 per 1000.

H. TITE, The Nurseries, Hampton ; and at Flower Mnrket,
Covent Garden, W.C.

PRIMROSE, double, deep dark crimson velvet.
Hardy plants for spring blooms for sale, by
D. W. GREIG, Sunnyside, Fyvie, Aberdeenshire, Scotland.
Stamped correspondence invited.

STRAWBERRY Runners, strong.— Sir Joseph
Paxton, 15s. 1000 ; Loxford Hall Seedling. 25s. 1000; Lax-
ton 'sNoble, Ts.id. 100.— PARROTT Bros., Normandy, Guildford.

ROSES IN POTS,

FOR WINTER OR SPRING FORCING.

THE
TWELVE

PAUL & SON,

"OLD" NURSERIES, CHESHUNT,

Have their Stock now in order for selecting from.

LARGE HOUSES OF TEAS, AND SOME THOUSANDS OF HYBRID
PERPETUALS IN POTS,

ALL IN FINE HEALTH AND CONDITION,
30s., 42s., 60s., and 84s. per Dozen.

AUTUMN FLOWERING ROSES are good now at CHESHUNT.

264

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

(September 7, 1889.

B.S.WILLIAMS

BEGS TO ANNOUNCE THAT HE HAS RECEIVED HIS

ANNUAL CONSIGNMENTS

DUTCH BULBS,

and is now executing Orders
for the same.

THE QUALITY OF THE BULBS

is unusually fine this year.

FOR PARTICULARS AND PRICES, SEE

ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE,

forwarded Gratis and Post-free to all applicants.

Rare opportunity for securing a fine Collection of
CTOVEandGREENHOUSE PLANTS,

O consisting of Achimenes, .^Echmea, Agapanthus, Alla-
mandaa, Amaryllis, Anthurium (very fine), Aralia, Begonia(foli-
age and flowering), Bougainvillea, Bouvardia, Crotons, Liieffen-
bachia, Euphorbia, Ferns, Gardenia, Hoya, Ixora, Justicia,
Lasiandra, Maranta (very fine). Orchids, Pandanus, Paullinia,
Poinsettia, Sanchezia, Stephanotis, Tabernaemontana, Vallota,
and many others.— F. H. WILLIAMS, The Chantry, Enfield.

RHUBARB.— 20,000 large Roots, ten years
old, suitable for forcing. £1 per 100, on rail. Cash with
order. J. J. CLARK, West Brighton, Sussex.

Direct from the Growers.

ROOZEN'S

DUTCH, CAPE, and CALEFORNIAN

BULBS.

HYACINTHS,

TULIPS, CROCUS, NARCISSUS,

for Outdoor and Forcing.

IRIS, LILIES, PiEONIES,
TERRESTRIAL ORCHIDS,

Gesneraceous 6f Aroidaceous Plants,

and a large stock of other Miscellaneous

BULBS AND PLANTS.

For details of the above, see our CATALOGUE for 1889
(94 Pages in English), which will be sent Post-free on
application to oar Agents, Messrs. MERTENS and CO.,
3. Cross Lane, St. Mary-at-Hill, London, E.G., or our-
selves direct.

ANT.R00ZEN&S0N,

NURSERYMEN,

OVERVEEN,

haa-ulem, HOLLAND.

CARTERS'

EARLY BULBS

To produce beautiful White and Coloured Flowers
for Christmas and Easter Decoration.

WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS,

The Largest Bulbs of the Year.
Price— 1403. per 1000, 16s. per 100, 2s. per dozen.

DOUBLE ROMAN NARCISSUS.

Price — 7s. 6d. per 100, Is. per dozen.

PAPER WHITE NARCISSUS.

Price— 7s. 6d. per 100. Is. per dozen.

VAN THOL TULIPS,

Single. Scarlet, and Yellow.
Price— 4s. 6d. per 100. 9d. per dozen.

THE EASTER LILY. The White Easter

Lily. We hold the entire stock of the largest culti-
vator of this lovely Lily.
Price— Is. and 2s. each, 10S.'6d and 213. per dozen.
ALL PARCELS CARRIAGE FREE.

Carter's Illustrated CATALOGUE, containing a beauti-
fully Coloured Plate, G'atis and Post-free.

Royal Seedsmen by Sealed Warrants,

237 & 238, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON.

The Best Present for a Gardener.
INES and VINE CULTURE.

The most complete and exhaustive Treatise on

Grapes and their Culture ever published.

New Edition.

Price 5s., post-free bs. Qd.

A. F. BARRON, Royal Horticultural Society, Chiswick.

HARTLAND'S GOLDEN QUILLED
DOUBLE PERENNIAL SUNFLOWER —Now is the
timft to ask for a sixpenny box of Specimen Blooms, to prevent
any hitherto implied imposition, and get orders booked for
November delivery. Within the entire range of hardy
perennials. There is nothing finer. Its colour and floret-
formation in appearance like an immense bloom of Madame
Domage Chrysanthemum, or the very finest form of orange
African Marigold. Quite distinct.

Plants at fall, Is. &d. eiich. with 3rf ^xtra to cover postage.
W. BAYLOR HAIiTLlND, Seedsman, Cork.

September 7, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

265

STRAWBERRY
PLANTS.

We have a grand stock of Strawberry
Plants now ready, including all the choicest
varieties, which we offer in strong prepared
runners, Carriage Free.

Per 100.
LAXTON'S NOBLE, the superb new early, the s. d.

be>t variety yet seut out ... per doz., 35. 20 0
A. F. BARRON, splendid new

variety
COMMANDER, very fine, new sort,

. per doz., 3s.

mid-season

. per doz., 5s.

of splendid

. per doz., 5s.

. per doz., Is.

per doz.. Is.

30 0

WATERLOO, superb dark crimson
TBE CAPTAIN, tine new prolific

The following at 9d. per doz., or 5s. per 100 : —
AUGUSTE NICAISE, PRESIDENT,
BRITISH QU£E(f, LOXFORD HALL SEEDLINO
PR. HOGG, THE AMATEUR.

JAMtS VEITCH, FROGMORE LATE PINE,

and many others.
100 in 10 choice varieties, our selection, 5s. 6d.
1000 in 10 ., ,, ,, ,, 35s.

ULBS

FOR EARLY FORCINC.

17 6

10 6
15 0
10 6
Long

Carriage Free. Per 100. — s.

HYACINTHS, early white Roman per doz., 2s. 14

,, extra tine huibs ... per doz., 2s. 6rf.

NARCISSUS, Paper White, fine bulbs

per doz., Is. 6rf.

,, new large flowered ... per doz., 2s. tid.

.. Double Roman, fine roots per doz.. Is. 6d.

LILIUM HARRISSI (the Bermuda Easter Lily).

pure white deliciously scented trumpet flowers, superb
variety for forcing. Potted now may be had in bloom
at Christmas and the new year.
Fine selected bulbs, per doz., 7s. 6d. ; per 100, 56s.
Extra fine bulb--, 7 to 9 inches in circumference, per doz.,
10s. 6rf. ; per 100, 80s.

Our CATALOGUE of Dutch Flower
Boots, Roses, Fruit Trees, §c, is now ready,
and may be had free on application.

DANIELS BROS.,

TOWN CLOSE NURSERIES,

NORWICH.

PALMS AND FOLIAGE.

SPECIALTIES.

An immense Stock always on hand of the leading varieties,
in finest possible condition. ARECAS, CHAJVLEROPS, CORY-
PHAS, COCOS, KENTIAS, LATANIAS, SEAFORTHIAS,
PHffiNLX. FICUS ELASTICA. ARALIAS. A very large Stock
of extra-sized plants of the above varieties, from 6 to 12 feet.

WILLIAM ICETON, Putney Park Lane, Putney; and 129 &
130, Covent Garden Flower Market.

DTJTCH BULBS CHEAP !

FRENCH BULBS CHEAP !

ENGLISH BULBS CHEAP !

See our Special Wholesale Catalogue of Bulbs,
Containing List of all the best varieties of HYACINTHS,
TULIPS, CROCUS. LILIUM3, DAFFODILS, SNOWDROPS.
IRIS, &c, &c, free on application.

Please compare our Prices before sending your Orders abroad.

WATKINS & SIMPSON,

Seed and Bilb Merchants,

Exeter Street, Strand, London, W.C.

ROSES IN POTS;

all the best New and Old English and Foreign
sorts, from 18s. to SGs. per dozen.

Descriptive LIST Free on application.

RICHARD SMITH & CO.,

Nurserymen and Seed Merchants,

WORCESTER.

WEBBS'

EARLY FORCING

FLOWER ROOTS.

ROMAN HYACINTHS.

EARLY WHITE Selected Roots 28. per doz.

Ditto 158. per 100.

FINEST NAMED HYACINTHS 6s. to 12s. per doz.

POLYANTHUS NARCISSUS.

DOUBLE ROMAN ... 3d. each. Is. 6d. per doz.

PAPER WHITE 3d. each, Is. 6d. per doz.

EARLY TULIPS.

DUC VAN THOL. Single, Scarlet and Yellow,

9d. per doz., 53. per 100.
Ditto Double Ditto 8d. per doz., 3s. 6d. per 100.

WEBBS'bulb CATALOGUE,

Beautifully Illustrated, and containing complete

Cultural Instructions,

Now Ready, Gratis and Post-free,

Seedsmen by Royal Warrants to H.M. the Queen
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WORDSLEi, STOURBRIOGE.

6s. Od. to 24s. Od. p. doz

30 0

, 60 0 „

24 0

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18 0

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, 15 0 each.

ti 0

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ARECA LUTES

„ BAUERII

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CORYPHA AUS

CHAMzEROPS E

EUTERPE EDULIS

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PHCENK REC

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DRAO&NAS, OPHIOPOGON, FICUS, PANDANUS

VE1TCHI1.

Prices for larger Plants on application. Inspection invited.

WILLIAM ICETON, Putney Park Lane, Putney, S.W. ;
and Flower Market. Covent Garden.

ODONTOCLOSSUM ROEZLII.

HEATH & SON

Have a fine Importation of the above just
arrived. Prices on application.

SPHAGNUM MOSS,

picked to order, 5s. per sack.

ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERIES,

CHELTENHAM.

FERNS A SPECIALTY.

The finest, most varied, choice, and interesting
Collection in the Trade.
1400 species and varieties of Stove, Greenhouse, & Hardy Ferns.
Partially descriptive CATALOGUE free on application,
niustrated CATALOGUE (No. 21). containing 120 Illustra-
tions, and much valuable information on the Cultivation of
Ferns, Is. Qd. post-free.

W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,

FERN NURSERY,

SALE, MANCHESTER.

DUTCHTJTTT T^ O

FLOWERING

HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CK0CUSES,
SNOWDROPS, NARCISSI, LILLIE8, &c.

IN GREAT VARIETY.

tS'Best Qualities only. tS"Price» most moderate.
Descriptive- Priced Catalogue (No. 364)

POST FREE ON APPLICATION.

The Royal Nurseries
and

Seed Establishments

DlCKSONS

(Limited), Chester*.

New Edition,

THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR

GARDEN OPERATIONS.

Price 3d., Post-free 3±<z\

W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand,

London, W.C.

Now ready, In cloth, lis. 6d.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
Vol. V., Third Series, JAN. to JUNE, 1889.
W. RICHARDS. 41. Wellington Street, Strand. W.C.

SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 7, 1889.

ALLOTMENT GARDENING.

npHE remarks in your leading article at p. 218
■*■ on this subject are very appropriate, and it
is hoped that they may be the means of drawing
attention to the importance of allotment garden-
ing. It is easy to see that much of the arable
land in England is going out of cultivation, and
a larger proportion of it is not so well cultivated
as it used to be. Less and less money year by year
is being taken out of the ground, while a larger
amount goes out of the country to purchase food ;
while in many districts the working men would
be glad to pay for allotments if they could get
them. There is plenty of land in this neighbour-
hood which lets at 25s. per acre, free from tithe,
and although numbers of working people were
anxious to obtain plots, those in authority in
parochial matters did not feel inclined to help
them to obtain what they wanted. As it hap-
pened, a gentleman residing in the neighbour-
hood, outside of the official circle, set to work
and obtained from the Crown 40 acres of good
land, at a rent of 40s. per acre. The difficulties
he had to encounter were almost insurmountable.
Probably they were greater, because the Crown
was the landlord, and he had to become per-
sonally responsible for the full amount of £80 ;
and as the other portion of the field let to a
farmer is only 25s. per acre, it does not seem as
if the Commissioners of Woods and Forests are
very anxious to aid in this work. A committee
has been formed, and it was decided to let out
the ground in portions of from 1 rood to 2 acres ;
and at a publio meeting held subsequently,
64 acres were applied for in ten minutes, and
since the meeting many more plots have been
applied for. It is a purely philanthropic work
so far as the committee is concerned, as they let
out the ground at the same rent charged by the
Crown.

There is no difficulty in letting out the ground in
plots. The real difficulty comes in when the ground
has to be purchased or leased. Expensive legal
machinery has to be set to work; and as the da>s

266

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 7, 1889.

dra" wearily on, the expenses run up. The easier
transfer of land is a matter of pressing importance.
This can be dealt with in the House of Commons
only ; but another matter of equal importance is the
right cultivation of the allotments when they have
been obtained. The other day, I was at Bishop's
Stortford, and had to do with awarding prizes to the
best cultivated allotments in that town. A very
large space of ground has been set apart for this
purpose, and it is most conveniently placed. The
Horticultural Society undertakes the general
management and letting of the plots of ground, of
which there are something like 150 ; but out of the
entire number, which are all let and under cultiva-
tion, not more than half-a-dozen are what might be
termed well cultivated and systematically cropped.
The one that obtained the first prize was very well
managed, and an example to the others. Besides
Potatos, which were a clean and even crop on this
plot, I noted good crops of Beetroot, some very fine
Swedes, Brussels Sprouts, Onions, very fair Lettuce,
a vigorous crop of winter Greens and Scotch Kale,
fair Celery, early Cabbage ready for planting, a fair
crop of Carrots, Parsnips, and red Cabbage. Peas
and Scarlet Runners were past their best ; but were
as good as they are to be seen in most gardens. A
crop of Leeks was in process of development, and
comprised an even crop of good head of seeds. The
system seemed to be this — that as soon as one crop
was removed another was put in at once, and all the
crops of whatever kind were quite free from weeds.

The second prize plot contained even better ex-
amples of culture, bat was not so generally good
anl clean fro u one end to the other. The third
priza was also well won by fairly good culture and a
goad system of cropping. Some half-dozen other
plots might have been selected as being of middling
degrees of culture; but upwards of a hundred were
badly managed, foul with weeds, and producing about
half the crops they might have done under a good
system of rotation. Wherever there are large num-
bers of allotments together, it would be well to
promote community of feeling by having an allot-
ment association, or something by which meetings
might be held, and discussions inaugurated upon the
best system of cropping and cultivating the ground.
Even if vegetables only are grown, deep cultivation
is necessary to carry crops of Peas, Scarlet Kunners,
&c, through a period of drought.

Fruit Culture. — None of the owners or occupiers
grow fruits of any kind; but I have a strong impression
that fruit culture is the thing to go in for. Apples
first, and Plums second. The ground requires to be
trenched in most cases, and the style of trees ought to
be dwarf bushes ; and the selection of trees should
be such as are likely to produce good crops of fruit
nnually, and of the best quality. A dozen plants
each of, say, Wellington, Lane's Prince Albert, Lord
Suffield, Cox's Pomona, Peasgood's Nonsuch, &c,
would be better than a score of varieties that would
be uncertain bearers. In dessert Apples the same
remarks apply. Cox's Orange Pippin is the best,
and will always command a good price in the market ;
the Irish Peach and Early Margaret are excellent
summer dessert Apples. Some of the later dessert
and kitchen Apples may be grown — indeed, they
ought to be. The Lodgemore Nonpareil is rather
small, but the best flavoured of the Nonpareils, and
it is amongst the latest. Mannington's Pearmain
also holds a high position for its handsome appear-
ance and free-bearing qualities. The Cockle Pippin
is also good in quality, and free-bearing. Brown-
lees' Russet may be added to the kitchen Apples.

A few varieties of Plums only should be grown,
viz., Early Orleans for earliest ; Victoria, the freest
bearer of all; Pond's seedling, nearly as free, and
producing larger fruit ; Diamond, and Autumn
Compote. The best dessert Plums are Green Gage,
Jefferson, and Kirke's. Pears are not quite so satis-
factory, but the best for general purposes are Williams'
Bjn Chretien, Louise Bonne of Jersey, and DoyenmS
du Cornice, the last the best of all Pears. The most
important matter to attend to is the right cultivation
of the soil ; and it cannot be said that labourers and

others in country towns and villages pay as much
attention to this matter as they ought to do. Badly
cultivated soil means cankered trees and inferior
fruits. Whereas fruit of the best quality must be
gro.vn if the crop is to be a paying one ; but there is
no doubt that good prices can be obtained anywhere
for the best quality of Apples, Plums, and Pears, as
well as for all the small fruits. Apples are the best
for various reasons ; the fruit will keep a long time
after it is gathered, and the crop is the most certain,
as the blossoms, owing to their late expansion, escape
the spring frosts.

Tne system ot Apple culture recommended by the
late Mr. Thos. Rivera, of Sawbridgeworth, twenty-five
years ago, is excellent, but the results anticipated by
him cannot be obtained in practice. The soil of the
Sawbridgeworth nurseries is well adapted for the
culture of fruit trees ; they seem to produce blossom
buds more freely there than they do in most other
gardens ; and when this is the case the trees may be
planted closer together. Mr. Rivers said plant them
3 feet apart, and he estimated that an acre planted
with one-year-old trees a yard apart, would produce the
third year Apples to the value of £75 ; and the next
season the value of the crop would be doubled. Bush
trees on the Paradise stock are recommended. I
have planted many trees during that period, and
have taken notes of the labours of others, and have
ever found that the trees will not do planted so
closely. In the rich market garden soil of South
Essex, they will ultimately require to be planted
from 'J feel to 12 feet asunder. In heavy soils, 9
feet would be enough, but iu lighter rich soil 12 feet
would be better. Now tn plant an acre with fruit
trees a yard apart would require 4,840 trees. At
9 feet, 537 would be enough ; and at 12 feet, 302 only.
Ground required for fruit trees should have two or
three years preparation if it has to be broken up
from the plough tillage. Were I about planting
an acre of ground with these fruit trees, I would
purchase 550 at 6i. each, which would be
£13 15s. ; I would plant one corner of the acre
with the trees at a yard apart ; the ground worked
with the cultivator, or by trenching to the depth of
18 inches. The right thing to shake up the soil for
fruit culture is the steam cultivator. The remainder
of the ground ought to be cropped with various kinds
of vegetables. Deep culture during a series of years
is an excellent preparation for the planting of fruit
trees. After three years, the trees might be planted
6 feet apart; and in three years more the full distance
of 9 feet. The two removals would cause them to make
a mass of roots near the surface of the ground, and
with a careful system of summer pruning they will
soon beat abundantly. Mulching the ground with
decayed stable manure round the roots of the trees
will also encourage the formation of roots near the
surface. Should any traces of canker appear on the
trees, cut out the decayed portion, lift, and replant
them. J. Douglas.

New or Noteworthy Plants.

CYPRIPEDIUM " BEATRICE."

This is a new hybrid raised by Mr. Drewett 0.
Drewett, of Riding Mill-on-Tyne, from seeds of
C. Boxalli, fertilised by the pollen of C. Lowii.
The leaves are similar to those of C. Boxalli,
about a foot long, and lj inch broad, uniform bright
green. The peduncle is one-flowered in the speci-
men at hand, but will probably become two or more
flowered as the plant strengthens. The plant is in-
termediate between that of its two parents, the
bract, villous ovary, upper sepal aud lower sepal
being very nearly the same as in C. Boxalli in form
and colour ; the upper sepal has very revolute mar-
gins; the base is heavily marked with chocolate, and
streaks of chocolate run out into the light greenish-
yellow apical part, the border being whitish. The
petals are widely spreading, and of a similar shape
to those of C. Lowii ; they are about 3 inches long,
spathulate, yellowish, spotted with chocolate at the

base ; the mid-line is chocolate-purple, as is also the
part above it about the middle, shading off into light
mauve-purple at the apex, the part below the mid-
line being pale whitish-yellow, shaded with pale
mauve. The lip is rather long and narrow, shining,
pale purplish, shading off into ochreous at the apex
and beneath ; the border of the mouth is also
ochreous. The staminode curves downwards ; it is
obcordate in outline, with rather straight sides,
convex, ochreous-yellow, shaded with brownish in
front, and having a narrow, elongate, yellow-green
tubercle on the disc ; after n time the staminode
becomes semi-transparent, and tinted with pale
purplish.

This adds another form to our collections, but
like many other hybrids, it does not appear to me to
be any improvement on either of its parents. N. E.
Brown, Herbarium, Kew.

Nursery notes

MESSRS. G. BUNYARD & Co.

The name of the Maidstone firm of Bunyard has
become synonymous with all that is good in fruits
and in fruit tree culture. The firm is an old-estab-
lished one, but at the present time it is fortunate,
by reason of its business being mainly, if not
entirely, under one guiding head, who is thoroughly
master of the business of fruit tree manufacture,
well up to all the requirements of the day, and not
encumbered with old good-for-nothing slock or
equally undesirable antiquated ideas about fruit.

Fruit-growing is growing apace everywhere in our
country, and, we hope, cautiously, aud in a manner
not likely to lead to repentance , this benefits this
firm, amongst others, and from its position in the
heart of the great southern fruit districts, perhaps
more than some others. And new premises, offices
in the busy town of Maidstone itself, say some-
thing for the large amount of turn-over of the
establishment.

It is but five years since we saw the place,
but great changes are apparent. The area
under fruit has greatly extended, it now being about
90 acres, with a stock of fruit trees alone reaching
450,000 head ; everything about |the nursery points to
a great increase of the fruit tree trade, and if it be
possible the special work of the nursery is better
done. We do not remember to have seen nursery
stock of this kind looking more thrifty and full of pro-
mise, the standard trees strong, clean stemmed,
and bright hued in bark ; and maidens vigorous
and regular in the lines. Trained trees of all kinds,
in the various stages we are accustomed to find them
in nurseries, are excellent if from the point of the
number of their branches, the cleanness, and absence
of grossness in the shoots, or the ordered regularity
with which these are trained. Here may, of course,
be witnessed the maiden once cut back, the
cutting back in the winter providing her with
two arms and one leading shoot in the centre. This
is the method pursued with every tree, not a cordon
or standard of some kind, destined to become an
espalier or a wall tree. Is it to be fan-trained or
horizontally trained, of a lyre-shape, or of a cup-shape,
this first heading back is nearly always the same.

Some knifemen cut stone fruits at the first cutting
back too long ; that is, instead of heading hack the
maiden to 3 or less inches from the graft, 1 foot ur
more, in bad cases, is left. Thus the branches
spring a widish interval apart, and should an acci-
dent befall a main foundation shoot, the blank space
is not readily made up, and forms, not infrequently,
a constant blemish. But once get the main branches
to spring from buds which are close together, they
can be made to radiate in any direction, and acci-
dental vacancies be readily filled.

The fruit nursery proper is at Allington, on high
ground of an undulating character, li miles from the
town, and adjoining the London, Chatham aud Dover
Railway, at Barming Station, from which there is
permitted access. The soil is a light, deep, friable

Skptkmbeb 7, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS1 CHRONICLE.

267

loam, in which plants make " wigs " of roots, and
which never bake on the surface, at least, it is never
allowed to do so, as a particular kind of shallow
scarifier (the "Planet," we believe), is kept going
whenever the weather, in spring and summer, admits
of it. This implement can be fitted with one, two,
or three coulters, as befits the variety of work it
has to do, and with a man and a pony who know
their work, the soil betwixt some hundreds of rows
of fruit-tree stocks can be stirred daily.

Apricots. — The Apricots were excellent, and in very

large numbers, whole breaks of trained stuff being

t observed. Twelve varieties of the Apricot are

' grown, and the Shipley or Blenheim, a large fruit

and good bearer, twelve days earlier than Moor Park,

and not so liable to gumming; and St. Ambroise,

as to be easily covered with glass, oiled canvas,
mats, &c. In these erections were some beautiful
miniature trees, but it looks so far at least, that these
shelters will not be wanted this year. In cold
autumns or sunless summers, they would prove in-
valuable aids to wood ripening, and as a protection
from early frosts in autumn.

According to the nursery list, there are about
thirty varieties of the Peach grown, and in larger
quantities than some others, the Alexander Early,
a new American fruit of middling size, earlier than
Beatrice by ten days, of good appearance and flavour ;
Alexandra Noblesse, large, melting, and rich ; Early
Louise, one of the best flavoured of the early
Peaches, good under glass, but reputed tender out-
side ; Early Grosse Mignoune, a highly-flavoured

mid-season fruit — October to December. It may be
described as a gigantic Blenheim, with the weight of
a Wellington ; it is hardy, and a vigorous grower, in
the way of Peasgood's Nonsuch. Cox's Orange Pip-
pin and Bibston Pippin are found in tremendous
numbers, the latter notwithstanding its reported
dying out. Lady Sudeley, the showiest crimson
Apple grown, sent out by the firm in 1885 ; it is a
large dessert fruit, of good flavour, ripening in
August and September — one of the finest of recent
introductions. The Queen (Saltmarsh), good for
table and kitchen, is a large, handsome fruit. Prince
Albert (Lane), a fine, long-keeping, heavy fruit.
Binger, a large early green fruit, which Mr. Bunyard
believes will be the market Apple of the future —
good for culinary uses. Lord Grosvenor, another

dSSK^.

1'lG. 37. — DAHLIA LDTEA, BOET I POLLEN MAGN. (SEE P. -74.)

a rich-flavoured, juicy, large fruit, are much
recommended.

Peaches andNectarines. — The young stock of Peaches
and Nectarines equals in quality that of the Apricots,
having almost escaped injury from the early October
frost of 1888, which so many in the trade have this
season to lament. The reason for this immunity from
damage by frost may be due to their firm, wiry growth,
3nd to their better degree of maturity, both of which
may be traced to the warm, well-drained soil, and
to the elevation at which the nursery stands.

Peaches include the finest varieties, both old and
new, and are to be found also in fine specimens in
pots, in the fruit houses, as standard and dwarf
trained. To make sure in any eventuality of having
a certain number of trained dwarfs, double-faced,
wire espalier fences are erected, and sheltered round
about by rough board fences, these being so made

fruit; Gladstone, large, fine colour, a hardy free
grower, is one of the best of the late kinds ; Thames
Bank, one of Mr. Bust's raising, when he lived at
Fulham, and one that ripens well, although so very
late ; Waterloo, an American novelty, said to be
superior to any other earlv kind, hardy outside, and
six weeks before Boyal George, when grown with
that variety in the same house. All the finest of
the old Peaches find place in the collection grown,
and some of them in large numbers.

Apples. — These rival Plums in actual numbers,
and are to be found in all forms — the dwarfs mainly
on Nonsuch Paradise Apple stock, and very low
down on the stock, so that rooting from the scion
often takes place in the first year after grafting or
budding. We noticed fine stocks of all the good
varieties, and especially of the new fruits — viz., Bis-
marck (1886), a large variety from Australia, and a

kitchen fruit of a large size, much favoured at
present ; it is a Codlin, of very free bearing habit,
and is one of the best of the early Apples. Baumann's
Beinette is a fine, showy, dessert fruit, coming
in at Christmas time. The true Grenadier (not
Lord Derby, often sold for it) is a large yellow fruit,
which obtained a Certificate at the Apple Congress
at Chiswick ; it is a great and a regular cropper.
We have here only indicated some of the finest of
new introductions, and a few of the old Apples— all
early or mid-season fruits, and which, if we are to
compete successfully in southern and west parts of
the country with the foreigner, are the varieties
likely, in the near future, to be extensively planted.
Early fruit needs no housing, and finds a ready sale
over the whole country, and in the North, perhaps,
more than in the South. Mr. Bunyard appears to
scent this coining great planting time, and is pre-

268

TEE GARDENERS' GERONICLE.

[September 7. 1889.

paring accordingly, for in one large area of newly-
broken land were seen great breaks of two-year-old
and one-year-old maidens, numbering 21,000.

Another portion of this new ground was under
market sorts — that is, sorts in demand by growers
for market, and numbered many thousands.
Although the new kinds are grown so extensively,
all the standard varieties of Apples grown in private
gardens are there also, and equally well done.

Plums. — These and Cherries are Kentish products of
the first rank, and stand probably before the Apple
in general estimation. All the best kinds are grown,
but the market fruits par excellence in the greatest
numbers. Of these, we will name a few that are, or
soon will be, grown by everyone, viz., Rivers' Pro-
lific, Czar, and Monarch, three excellent fruits,
useable for dessert or culinary purposes. Then there
are the Victoria, well known to gardener and cot-
tager as being one of the heaviest croppers ; Pond's
Seedling, also an enormous cropper, and resembling
Victoria in colour, but later by a fortnight ; Cox's
Emperor, or Denbigh, a large productive variety of
the Orleans stamp; Egg, well-known white and red
Plums, called also Magnum Bonum ; and Delicieuse.
These trees are sold by the thousand, and one piece of
the new ground contained in one break 27,000 of
them. All the best Plums for the dpssert and for
culinary uses are grown in good numbers. A
large amount of land is devoted to growing Damsons,
and the variety most grown is the Farleigh.

Cherries and Kent seem always to go together ;
and, indeed, you cannot go far in any direction with-
out coming upon the Cherry orchard. There must
be something in Kentish soil and climate, or in a
Kentish man's aptitude for managing this particular
fruit tree, which has helped to form the connection
existing now-a-days between this kind of fruit and
the county of Kent. The cultivation of the fruit is
not now circumscribed to Kent, but has run over
into Surrey, and less so into Sussex ; but still Cherry
orchards, Hop gardens, and copses give character to
the landscape in most parts of Mid Kent.

To say that we found young trees of all forms and
sizes, is only to repeat what we have already said
of Apples, Plums, &c. Ou the new land we saw one
nice little break of market Cherries to the number
of 5000, and of the finest possible growth. These
were sweet Cherries chiefly. In another, trained
Morellos predominated ; one drift containing 15,000
trees. The trained sweet Cherries are excellent,
and about three dozen varieties are grown. Black
Hearts, Black Circassian, Flemish Red, which i3
larger than the Kentish R*d (the pie Cherry),
Florence, and Black Turkey Heart, one of the best
market kinds, a large tree when old, and bearing
large fruits. It is also a variety that is good on a
wall ; Adams' Crown Heart is a good market fruit, as
is Napoleon Bigarreau, which itself forms a succes-
sion to Amber Heart, one of the most esteemed
market fruits. These form the bulk of the Cherries
grown in orchards ; but there are others which can be
well recommended for the wall, the open garden
quarters, and borders, and the Cherry house, and of
these cordons or maiden standards, dwarf bushes and
plants in pots were noted.

Pears. — These fruits are extensively grown, the
deep fine loam suiting them to perfection, and when
the trees are allowed to fruit, many fine examples
are to be found on trees worked on the Quince ;
great breaks were noticed of trees in all stages and in
all the best mode of training, and all looked equally
healthy and vigorous. As a matter of fact, the Pear,
by reason of its not being quite so much in demand
as are Plums, Apples, and Cherries, is not found in
such astounding numbers as are those. About 100
varieties are grown, a number greater than would
satisfy the most enthusiastic cultivator, and pro-
bably comprising some few varieties that fail at
times to perfect their fruit in our clime. The
market varieties grown in orchards, viz., Beurre
de Capiaumont, Caillot Rouge, Bishop's Thumb,
Chalk, Hessle, and Lammas were numerc us ;
but all the best, and most frequently inquired
for varieties, were found in quantities, and it may

be said that the selection is an excellent one.
The dwarfing stock employed is the Angier Quince,
and on it were observed large numbers of Pitmaston
Duchess, Doyenne du Cornice, Beurr6 Clairgeau,
Fondante d'Automne, Louise Bonne de Jersey, Wil-
liams' Bon Chretien, and Durandeau.

We noticed large numbers of hardy Vines, such
as Sweetwater, Black Cluster, &c. Figs are layered
in the open, grow in capital stuff, and their roots not
being cramped by pots, go away when planted with
freedom, and are very little checked by being lifted.
Nuts, Mulberries, and small fruits abound, and do well.

The fertility of the land is a matter of great
moment, and everything is done to improve or re-
tain its fertile character. Direct heavy manuring of
fruit tree quarters is not carried out at all ; but
when it becomes evident that a change of crop is
desirable, it is heavily manured with London
manure, which is deeply ploughed in, and after
laying fallow for the winter, it is planted
with Potatos, followed, perhaps, with Oats, or is
laid down with grass, or sown with Beans, or planted
with Broccoli. After this kind of cropping has been
followed up for two or three seasons, the land comes
again under iiuit.

A large substantial-fruit house, well filled with
trees in pots, such as are most in demand, and for
exhibition, is found at the Allington Nurserv. Here
were magnificent examples of fruits, of Apples,
Pears, Peaches, &c, but so altered by glasshouse
culture as to be beyond recognition. An excellent
range of offices, order- sheds, and bays, men's meal-
rooms, Btables, &c, has been built at this nursery.
Time did not permit of the other tree nursery at
Somerfield being visited, nor that at Chiltern Hun-
dreds Farm. The former is occupied by fruit trees
and Vines, and the latter by forest trees, shrubs,
Conifers, &c.

The florist business, carried out in the Bower
Nursery in the town, is conducted in about thirty
bouses. In these, amongst general stock, were found
good home-reared Camellias, strong short-jointed
Vines in pots, quantities of Bouvardias, a nice lot of
Kalanchoe carnea, Celsia cretica, well done ; Ferns,
many healthy Eucharis amazonica, Cyperus distans,
a robust species ; Ivies, especially Oiborne's variegated
M -deiran variety. Some houses are set apart at
this season for Mnlon and Cucumber growing for
seed, others for Tomatos and fruiting.

The seed shop and offices contiguous stand on a
knoll vis-a-vis the old premises, which have changed
hands. The new place is attractive in appearance,
and has a capital position, facing the busy part of
the town. Mr. Bunyard's domicile is now on the
other side of the road, and about 100 yards away
from the old glass-houses. It stands pleasantly
amidst beds and borders of gay herbaceous perennials,
some 40 yards back from the street.

Lowe's, at TJxbridoe.
There is a large and increasing class of nursery-
men of whom the general public and even professed
gardeners never hear anything. They do not exhibit,
they do not advertise, they do not write to the
papers, nor communicate the results of their expe-
rience to them ; they do not tell people what they are
doing, they do not want advice or information;
their faces are rarely seen beyond the precincts
of their own establishments, and these establishments
for the most part bear no notice-board nor name-
plate, and were it not for the long ranges of glass
which they cannot quite conceal, even if they would,
the passer-by would know nothing of their existence.
And yet many of these establishments are on a
really gigantic scale, and, what is more, they are
increasing almost every month. New establish-
ments are founded, while the older ones — vast
enough alreadv, one would have thought — are pei-
petually adding frame to frame, pit to pit,
range to range. The class we allude to
are for the most part trade-growers only. They
supply their fellow nurserymen ; from their stores
the flower-shops and the markets are largely pro-
vided. The increase of such establishments around

London and our larger towns during the past few
years is something amazing, and serves to illustrate
the large amount of capital and enterprise now
embarked in the business. The distressed agricul-
turists must look on with wonder at what the gar-
deners manage to do, and it is a pity they cannot, or
do not, see their way to profit by the lesson in some
way or another. Not less remarkable than the
extent of these establishments is the perfection of
their produce and the punctuality with which they
contrive to market it at just the right time for
business purposes. The perfection of their cultiva-
tion is accounted for by the fact that they grow
but relatively few subjects, so that the men are not
distracted by having a hundred different things to
attend to, but can and do devote themselves, year
after year, exclusively to one 6et of plants.

Our observations have been suggested by a recent
visit to Mr. Lowe's nursery, near Uxbridge, which is a
very good illustration ol the type of nursery we have
been speaking of. Out-of-doors a number of Golden
Retinosporas strike the eye, but these are as nothing
to the enormous quantities of Roses grown for cut
flowers and other purposes, Niphetos, Isabella Sprunt,
Marechal Niel, W. A. Richardson, Catherine Mermet,
Perle des Jardins, and a variety of H.P.'s and Teas
are grown, the latter chiefly on the seedling Brier.

But just now the chief interest centres in the
Chrysanthemum. At the time of our visit, in mid
August, they were beginning to show bloom, and if
anything could be more surprising than the enormous
quantities in which they are here represented, it is
the even quality of growth. The sorts principally
grown are those which are most serviceable for
decorative work, such as Madame Desgranges,
George Wermig, W. Holmes, and many others, pre-
ference being given to those that flower at either
end of the season. Mid-season varieties of course are
amply provided for in private establishments.

There may not be many prodigies, nor infant
phenomena, but for regular all-round uniform ex-
cellence they can hardly be surpassed. They are
grown in countless rows of wooden frames, with a
glass light at the top. The lights, of course, are
removable at will, and so also are the sides, a turn of
a button or two, and down come the walls of the
structure. One 4-inch hot- water pipe runs along
the front of each frame, flow in one, return in
another, the whole being heated by means of four
boilers. Pipes, for the use of watering, are laid all
over the nursery, which are supplied from a tank
containing 13,000 gallons, this latter being fed by a
steam-pump raising 9,000 gallons per hour. There
is a carpenter's shop on the premises, in which all
the carpentering is done.

Of the contents of the city of span-roofed houses
adjacent to the Chrysanthemum frames we do not
intend to speak now. We may, however, men-
tion two ranges each 100 feet long, devoted to the
cultivation of a new Cucumber of a very prolific
nature, and on which we shall shortly have occasion
to report.

Torner's, at Uxbridge.

Gardeners of all degree are so much accustomed
to associate the name of Turner with the locality
of Slough, that it will come as a novelty to many to
know that there is a branch establishment at Ux-
bridge, and a thriving, well-furnished branch too.
Here, indeed, will not be found in large quantities
the specialties for which Slough is famous, though
they are not entirely unrepresented, as witness a
collection of Roses of all sorts. These were, for the
most part, out of bloom at the time of our visit, and to
say anything about Turner and Roses is to say what
has so often been said before, that repetition is not
needed.

What one does find at Uxbridge, and, as might
have been expected, finds well done, is a well selected
and well grown collection of trees and shrubs of the
right size for trade purposes. Here are to be found
the best of the deciduous and flowering shrubs, as
well as Ivies, Hollies, Ancubas, Berberis, Maples,
Golden Elders, Limes, Planes, trained fruit trees in
profusion — ordinary nursery stuff, it will be said ; but

September 7, 1889.]

TEE GABDENEES' CEBONICLE.

269

the leading characteristics of the management seems
to be the elimination of rubbish and the development
of really good and tried varieties. The common
Laurel Cherry is almost banished, the Caucasian
.and round-leaved hardier forms taking its place.
A break of the Camellia-leaved form, with its leaves
twisted like rams horns, is very remarkable. Some
worked as standards have an odd appearance.
Numerous "drifts" of good forms of Lawson's
Cypress, of Thuya Vervaeneana, of Elwanger s
Thuya of the now numerous forms of golden and
white-tipped Retinosporas and Junipers, of Crypto-
merias of the Nootka Cypress are to be seen.
Elwan^er's Thuya, which was introduced under the
name of Retinospora Tom Thumb, is clearly a form
of Thuya occidentalis, and, as seen here in quan-
tities a very elegant graceful form it is, while its
rich bronze colour offers an additional attraction.
In the young state it possesses, in a marked degree,
the faculty of producing leaves of two or more differ-
ent forms on the same plant, after the fashion of its
kind, to the delight of the botanist, but to the
■despair of sticklers for correct nomenclature.

Standard Privets are likely to be very useful in
■stopping gaps in plantations, and are handsome
enough to be employed in isolated positions, or to
serve°as a foil to the more highly coloured standards
of such plants as the variegated Negundo, the Purple
Nut, Prunus Pissardi, and others. While we are
noting these productions of the grafter's skill, we
may mention another illustration of garden-craft,
-very distressing, no doubt to the purist, who would
banish all art from the garden, but for all that very
agreeable in a hot day, and sufficiently striking and
not at all unsightly in appearance— this is a group
of Hornbeams some 30 feet high, which have been
planted in a circle, the branches have intertwined
and inosculated, and form externally a dome-shaped
mass of dense foliage, while internally the visitor
might suppose himself in a circular basilica of which
the columns are formed of tree-trunks, the arches
.and vaults of their branches.

ORCHID CULTURE PAST AND
PRESENT.'

(Concluded from p. 239.)
But a change of system was at length approach-
ing, not brought about so much by the remonstrance
of the travellers just mentioned, as by the intelli-
gence and sagacity of a few practical gardeners on
whom had been laid the responsibility of cultivating
the costly collections of their employers. One of
the first of these was Joseph Cooper, gardener to
Earl Fitzwilliam at Wentworth. Dr. (afterwards
Sir William) Hooker, who visited the Orchid-house
at Wentworth in 1835, was surprised at the degree
of success with which the plants were cultivated
there, and adds, " I must confess that the sight of
this collection, whether the vigorous growth and
beauty of the foliage, or the number of splendid
specimens blooming at one time, be considered, far
■exceeded my warmest anticipations." (Bol. May. sub
tab. 3,395).

Cooper's chief deviations from the established
practice consisted in a lower mean temperature, and
the admission of fresh air into the house. A still
bolder innovation was adopted shortly afterwards by
Paxton at Chatsworth, which caused as much sur-
prise to Dr. Lindley as Cooper's treatment had to
Dr. Hooker. Under tab. 5 (Stanhopea quadricornis),
in the Botanical Register for 1838, Dr. Lindley
writes :—" The success with which epiphytes are
cultivated by Mr. Paxton is wonderful, and the cli-
mate in which this is effected, instead of being so
hot and damp that the plants can only be seen with
as much peril as if one had to visit them in an Indian
jungle, is as mild and delightful as that of Madeira."
The salient points of Paxton's treatment may be
thus summarised — a lower temperature with a purer
atmosphere ; an improved method of potting, with
especial regard to efficient drainage ; the maintain-
ing of a moist atmosphere by occasionally watering
■the paths and stages of the house, and greater atten-
tion to root development. We here see an approach
to the cultural routine of the present day ; but

* Head by Mr. H. J. Veitch, before the Royal Horticultural
Society, Jane 11.

twenty years had yet to elapse before the prevailing
notions respecting Orchid culture finally gave way.

Close upon Paxton followed Donald Beaton, who
for a few years had charge of Mr. Harris's collection
of Orchids at Kingsbury. Beaton insisted upon
more attention being paid than hitherto to the
climatic conditions under which Orchids grow at
high altitudes within the tropics, and the consequent
necessity of adapting their cultural treatment accord-
ingly. In proof of his assertions he sent to Sir
William Hooker, who characterised Beaton " as one
of the ablest and most scientific gardeners in this
country," the details of his successful management of
a consignment of Orchids his employer had received
from Mexico, and which had been collected by
Galeotti at 7,500—9,000 feet elevation. These
details are published in the Botanical Magazine for
1841, under tab. 3,801 (Lxlia anceps).

Long, however, before the period at which I have
now arrived, a revolution had been slowly but surely
effected which had an enormous influence on the
cultivation of plants under glass, and contributed in
no small degree to the improvement in Orchid cul-
ture that subsequently followed. This was the heat-
ing of glass-houses by means o£ hot-water pipes,
which were first used for this purpose on a small
scale by Mr. Anthony Bacon, at Aberaman, in Gla-
morganshire, and afterwards by the same gentleman
at Elcot, near Newbury. The inventor of the process
is said to have been a Mr. Atkinson. The change from
the brick flue with the tan bed to heating by hot-water
was nothing less than the substitution of the power
of regulating the equality of the temperature for too
great inequality; the obtaining of almost perfect
control over the heating power, with a great diminu-
tion of the labour of attending to the fires, in the
place of a very imperfect control with unremitting
attention day and night ; the admission of fresh
warmed air in lieu of no ventilation at all, to say
nothing of the smoke and noxious vapours that were
constantly escaping through the cracks and fissures
of the flue.

Such a combination of circumstances could scarcely
fail sooner or later to bring about a change in the
cultural methods that had been in vogue so long— a
change that was to result not only in a more rational
treatment of Orchids coming from higli altitudes,
but also in a modification of that applied to purely
tropical kinds. And so it happened ; but the change
was so slow and so gradual in taking place, that,
looking back upon the state of Orchid culture forty
years ago, and upon what we are now accustomed to
see daily, one can scarcely suppress a feeling of
astonishment that its history should present to us
the phase it does. During the twenty years that
elapsed between 1810 and 18G0, that is to say, from
about the time that Mr. Barker, of Birmingham,
sent Ross to Mexico, and when Linden began to
make known to science and to horticulture the sur-
prising wealth of Cattleyas and Odontoglots inhabit-
ing the Cordilleras of New Granada— these plants
perished under the barbarous treatment they re-
ceived in the hothouses of this country almost as fast
as they were imported. To such an extent were the
losses felt, that Lindley, in a remarkable article pub-
lished in the Gardeners' Chronicle towards the end of
1859, pronounced their treatment " a deplorable
failure," and which Mr. Bateman also some years
later characterised as "incredible folly." But the
spell which had held Orchid culture in thraldom for
half a century was at length broken, and with the
despatch of Weir by the Horticultural Society of
London ; of Blunt, by Messrs. Low & Co., of Clap-
ton ; and of Schlim, by M. Linden, of Brussels, to
collect Cattleyas and Odontoglots in New Granada,
was inaugurated a new era in Orchid culture.

I have now arrived at an epoch within the memory
of most living cultivators, and which may not be
inaptly regarded as the commencement of the period
of modern Orchid culture. Into the details of the
practice of the present time it is not my purpose to
enter ; it is sufficient to note that among the most
obvious improvements of recent times must be
included — larger and more airy structures with

separate compartments for different climates (for
large collections even separate houses) ; a lower
average temperature ; the admission of more light
and air, and a better system of heating, shading, and
ventilation. Of the advantages that have accrued
from these improvements we have innumerable
proofs ; but shall we regard our present Orchid cul-
ture, so far as ourselves are concerned, as practically
perfect, and, resting satisfied with our achievements,
leave to our successors the task of making a further
advance if they can? Such a course is surely un-
worthy of our calling and of ourselves. Let us
rather bring to the front some of the defects that
remain, and try to discover a remedy for them. To
cite instances : How many can yet boast of growing
successfully for half a dozen consecutive years such
Orchids as Cattleya citrina, L;elia albida, L. majalis,
L. autumnalis, Epidendrum vitellinum, E. nemorale,
and others from the Mexican highlands ? Who has
yet cultivated the Barkerias, and the group of Bra-
zilian Oncids represented by Oncidium crispum, O.
Forbesii, O. Marshallianum, O. sarcodes, O. vari-
cosum, and their allies, for any length of time, and
has not had to deplore the gradual decline of the
plants till they died outright ? How is it that such
fine Dendrobes as Dendrobium formosum. D. Ben-
sonL-e, D. MacCarthias, D. Parishii, D. bigibbum,
and others, are still refractory subjects ? That the
noble group of Zygopetahu known as Bolleas, Hunt-
leyas, Pescatoreas, &c, refuse to thrive for any length
of time in our houses ? And why, moreover, are we
still obliged to regard as difficult plants to cultivate,
such fine Orchids as Cattleya Aclandiai, C. superba,
Chysis bractescens, Colax jugosus, Grammatophyllum
Ellisii, Diacrium bicornutum, and others that can be
named ? Doubtless the impossibility of exactly, or
even approximately, imitating in our houses the
climatic conditions under which these Orchids grow
in their native countries, together with our still
imperfect acquaintance with their surroundings in
situ, has much to do with the failure to cultivate
them satisfactorily. But ought we to be content
with such crude empiricisms as hanging them up
first in one place, then in another, then in a third,
and finally leaving them to their fate ?
I invite discussion on these points.

There is another subject to be mooted, one that
has an important bearing on Orchid culture in the
immediate future. The large and constantly in-
creasing number of Orchid collections in this country,
as well as in America and on the continent of
Europe, has called into existence a class of gardeners
whose sole occupation is the cultivation of Orchids,
than which no branch of horticulture exacts a
greater amount of intelligence, of careful and accu-
rate observation, with ability to collate and to com-
pare the facts observed, and to deduce practical
conclusions from them. The Orchid gardeners of
the present day unquestionably possess intelligence ;
they have also within their reach educational advan-
tages to which their predecessors were strangers, as
to°them Educational Codes and School Boards were
unknown. The simplest truths are often slow in
making their way, and the history of Orchid culture
bears painful testimony to this fact as regards the
horticultural mind. Will it be so in the immediate
future, as it was in the past ? Will the generality of
Orchid growers go on in the same groove year after
year, performing mechanically rather than intelli-
gently the routine they have learned, and thence
perpetuate indefinitely the culture now practised
with all its excellences and with all its defects, as
their predecessors did that which they had learned
till the force of circumstances compelled them to
alter it? Seeing how greatly Orchid culture was
retarded from geographical and other important
details being disregarded by the Orchid gardeners of
the past, will those of to-day still show the same
indifference to an elementary knowledge of so im-
portant a subject when high-class text-books are
within their reach ? Will they show, too, the same
indifference to correct nomenclature, that they can-
not in many instances be relied upon for the right
names of the plants they cultivate ? The considera-
tion of such questions as these certainly comes
within the scope of the Royal Horticultural Society,
and let us hope that occasional discussions upon
them may lead to useful results. From the Journal of
the Royal Horticultural Society.

270

THE GARDENERS1 CHRONICLE.

[September 7, 1889.

PELARGONIUMS.

The great improvement that has been effected of
late years in the zonal class of Pelargoniums, borders
almost on the marvellous, as one can hardly credit
that such changes could have been made in these
always popular plants, which bid fair to drive the
fancy, or show kinds, out of cultivation ; and yet we
can ill-afford to spare these latter, as, though in
comparison with the zonals they only bloom for a
short time, they are remarkably gay, and make a
magnificent show in the spring.

To have them good then, old plants should be cut
back in August, and which should be done so as to
leave about three or four joints at the base of each
shoot ; but when carrying out this work, any that
are weak or misplaced may at once be removed, so
as to give plenty of room to the others when they
start into growth. This they will soon do if the
plants are stood in a garden frame, and kept very
sparingly watered ; and as soon as the buds have
fairly started, the plants should be carefully shaken
out and repotted. In doing this, the same sized pots
may be used, or even smaller, than those out of
which they came, so as to admit of a shift later on ;
and in any case it is important that the pots be
clean and dry, or there will be much difficulty in
turning the plants out again. The kind of soil best
suited to grow the Pelargonium is a sound loam, to
which a dash of sand should be added, and a little
mild rotten manure, the right proportion of the last
named being about an eighth of the bulk. In potting
the plants, the point is to pot firmly, and to make
sure that the soil is well worked in among the roots
before it is pressed down, which may be done by just
raising and shaking the plant during the filling in,
and then the whole may be consolidated together.
The best place for the plants after potting is a cold
frame, where they can be kept a little close and
shaded for a week or so, just to give them a fresh
start, and during that time they will not require
water, but should be syringed once a day to prevent
flagging and keep the leaves fresh.

As soon as growth recommences, water may be
afforded the plants, and all the light possible,
together with a fair amount of air, till the weather
becomes cold, or we get to the middle of October,
when it will be time to remove the plants to a house.
The proper position for them there is up near the
glass, and the right temperature to maintain during
winter is about 40° by night to 50° by day, which
degree of heat, with a nice dry atmosphere, will pre-
vent any spot, and keep the plants in fine health for
the season.

In March it will be time to stop the shoots by
nipping out the points, and as soon as they break
again they will be ready for a shift, after which the
shoots should be tied out as to form the frame of
the specimen. To encourage strong growth and
fine heads of bloom, liquid-manure may be given,
but it must not be strong, and may be made by soak-
ing cow or sheep dung and soot, and if this is given
clear it will greatly benefit the plants till they come
into flower. J. S.

though by no means a full crop ; heavy rains and
inundations in the producing districts have dete-
riorated the colour, and the seeds are very light.
The finest samples come from New Zealand. Alo-
pecurus pratensis (Foxtail-grass) is represented by a
satisfactory crop, but the samples are light, and the
loss of bulk in clearing will be a heavy one. At
present, prices are moderate, but a heavy demand for
this valuable grass is anticipated. Last year's crop of
Festuca pratensis (Meadow Fescue) was a light one, but
considerably less has been harvested this season, and
the quantities expected from America will be much
less than usual, and prices have consequently ad-
vanced beyond those of the past few seasons. Both
in Germany and America the low prices obtainable
for this grass were wholly unremunerative, and
growers ploughed up a considerable portion of their
lands in consequence. The quality of the seed is
good. Festuca elatior (Tall Fescue-grass) shows an
average crop, and fine samples can be had at
moderate prices. The crops of Festuca duriuscula
(Hard Fescue-grass) and F. ovina (Sheep's Fescue-
grass) are large, and the colour of the seeds unusually
bright, but the great heat early in the season
ripened the crops prematurely, leaving many of the
husks devoid of grains. There is a great loss of
bulk in cleaning, and it is feared the germinating
power of these seeds will not be so heavy as last
year. F. ovina tenuifolia is coming in more plenti-
fully than in previous years. The crop of Poa pra-
tensis (Smooth Meadow-grass) is shorter than it has
been for years, and prices have materially advanced
in consequence. The quality of the seed is, how-
ever, satisfactory. P. nemoralis (Wood Meadow-
grass) is a very small crop, and prices will range
somewhat higher than those of last season. Poa
trivialis (Rough Meadow-grass) is being harvested
in limited quantities, but it is expected the quality
of the seed will be superior to that of last year.
Anthoxanthum odoratum (Sweet Vernal-grass) is a
small crop of good quality. Agrostis stolonifera
(Moist Bent-grass) is so small a crop, that it will be
quite insufficient to meet the demand. Cynosurus
cristatus (Crested Dog's-tail) is a much smaller crop
than in recent years, but the quality of the seed is
quite satisfactory.

Of Clover seeds there are good crops of Trifolium
incarnatum, Trefoil, Alsike, and white Clover. The
prospects of the crop of red Clover are highly pro-
mising, and if fine weather should prevail, a good
yield of fine bold-grained Rhenish seed may be
expected. Sainfoin is a small crop, and advanced
prices are anticipated.

THE SEED TRADE.

The Prospect of the Guass Crop*. — Recent
advices from Darmstadt show that the excessive
heat which prevailed during the early part of this
season caused German grass seeds to ripen rapidly
for maturity, and they show a very fine colour ; at
the same time, the lack of moisture at such a junc-
ture operated to prevent the full development of the
seed grains, so that many have proved to be light
and worthless. Under these circumstances, severe
screenings have to be resorted to, in order to obtain
weighty samples ; and the loss through this process
will be considerable. Of Dactylis glomerata (Cocks-
foot-grass) but small quantities have been harvested
in Germany, and home-grown seeds not being able
to compete with those imported, the area of culti-
vation has considerably diminished in consequence.
America has harvested much more than last year,

use of rapid feeding is at once seen. With regard to
what is enough, the doctors differ. If bar-framed
hives are used, we have found that eight frames are
not too many, while some leave as many as ten.
Some are niggardly enough to leave only six, but
that is too few. Never leave less than seven. We
are experimenting for the coming winter by leaving
hives with seven, eight, nine, and ten frames, in
order to see which turns out best next spring. Wc
have also a large Pettigrew skep which weighs cer-
tainly as much as sixty pounds, and most likely
more. Bees left with such stores ought to spend a
very comfortable winter, and yield large returns
another year. We partly believe in Pettigrewism,
and are increasing the size of our hives. Little
swarms are useless, especially when it is considered
that a swarm gets less and less for the first three
weeks of its existence, that is till brood is hatched

out. Bee.

The Apiary.

WHAT TO DO WHEN THE HONEY SEASON
IS OVER.

Though the weather is warm as 1 write, the honey
season is over for the present year. Take it alto-
gether, it can only be called an average season, for
July was cool and wet, and the sun denied. If the
second and third weeks in July had been seasonably
warm, a much greater quantity of honey would have
been secured. All surplus must be removed at
once, and should feeding be required, it must all be
done before the end of September. Where queen
excluders are used, it is frequently found that when
the surplus honey is removed the hives are full of
bees, but stores are short. If hives are thus found,
they should be fed up quickly, or they will not get
through the winter. Feeding must also be carefully
done. If done carelessly, robbing will be the order
of the day, and much harm will be done. It is very diffi-
cult to stop robbing when once it commences, there-
fore beware of the commencement. Only open the
hives in the evening, and feed the bees in rapid
feeders, that is, feeders which will hold a large quan-
tity of syrup. Many beekeepers give sufficient syrup at
once, and a strong stock will take down an immense
quantity in one night. When it is remembered that
all stores have to be sealed before winter sets in, the

Orchid Notes and Gleanings.

ORCHIDS ABOUT GLASGOW.

It is well known that the great barrier to successful
Odontoglossum cultivation is the heat of summer.
The collections grown in the United States, on the
Continent, and even in England, have to do battle
against the heat of summer. In this respect the
Scotch collections have a point or two in their
favour, because we have not the burning sun, nor
the high temperature in the shade, which these other
collections named are subjected to ; and given equal
conditions, the success is in favour of the cool
summer temperature. In fact, taking Scotland even
for example, it is found that low houses sunk about
or towards the ground-level produce by far the finest,
healthiest dark brown in the case of 0. crispum
bulbs, emerald-green in respect of 0. Pescatorei,
and grassy-green in respect of Masdevallias in general.
In the States their houses are sunk below-ground
generally, for two purposes — for economising the
artificial heat in winter, which serves the additional
purpose above-named of keeping about the minimum
heat possible in summer.

The collections in the meantime we refer to are
growing in suburban Glasgow, and although limited
in a sense, there are many excellent examples of
cultivation. In these times, the premier collections
of our own and other countries are more remarkable
for numbers of varieties of species than for species
themselves. Indeed, but for a few general admirers,
the botanical collections where numbers of genera
and species predominate, would be about as rarely
known among gardeners and amateurs as collections
of succulents. An Odoutoglossura-house and a Cat-
tleya-house are the be-all and end-all of general
orchidophilists ; and little wonder, because the
popular taste goes that way. These sort of things
furnish not only the best marketable commodity,
but they form a fine blaze when in quantity in the
general greenhouse ; and now they are not very
costly to begin with.

The collection of Mr. J. B. Mirrilees, one of our
successful city magnates, is not only choice, but in
exceeding good order. We never saw Odontoglos-
sum Pescatorei grown in such luxuriance in so short
a time. Three-and-sixpenny plants four years ago
have pseudobulbs broadly ovate, plump, shining-
green, as if polished, and emitting flower racemes
branching in all directions, with flowers to the tune
of about one hundred to the more prominent
racemes. There are several complaints among
growers as to this species. Many declare that it is
not so free, will not bear the fatigue of its more
distinguished fellow, crispum, and in this respect,
impairs its usefulness. The general answer to that
is, that it is just possible that those growers who
have been partly unsuccessful allow the racemes to
remain too long in the plant. It is well known, as
it has been proved over and over again, that
the flowers of this species will last twelve weeks
in bloom. Now a fourth period of the year encum-
bered with flowers, is too much for maintaining the

September 7, 1S89.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

271

Fit:. 38. DAHLIA GRACILIS VAR. SDPERBA \ FLOWERS CRIMSON-SCAJILET. (SEE P. 274.)

general well being of any plant, and more particu- of the family compel other measures. The Odonto- culture. There are many excellent forms, both

larly if an orchidaceous plant of any importance. Mr. glossum Alexandra; — one can scarcely ignore the spotted and without spots, to please "everybody."

Wilson, the gardener here, who manages these things late Professor Reichenbach s name — is in grand The main feature is medium potting, 6ne growing

so well, declares decidedly against keeping on flower- style here, the pseudobulbs being of that bronzy cast sphagnum on the surface, and the pits cool, clean,

spikes too long — indeed he says that the necessities which the leaves carry with them when under good and perspiring like the drops of sweat on the brow

272

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 7, 1889.

under the pressure of more than ordinary exercise.
The leaves rustle like a piece of the " old " silk used
in the manufacture of some articles of the Duchess
of Fife's wedding trousseau, and there is not a speck
or spot on any of the extremities — indicative of rude
health. The O. triumphans, 0. luteo-purpureum, 0.
Ilalli, are numerous and equally good. There is one
excellent bit of the rare yellow ground Indian-red
spotted and blotched excellens, and many others
which unfortunately have too much similarity to be
dignified with specific names. Still they appear to
have commercial importance, and everything con-
sidered rare is exactly worth what it will bring.
Pity to see such a worthless species, by all means
distinct enough, dedicated to a name dear to all who
know what a plant is — the late Dr. Lindley. O.
Lindleyanum is a " frost." What a pretty thing the
Oncidinm from the clouds, O. nubigerum is ! Its
leaves spot in heat, but the plant grows grandly in
what we culturists call cold ; and so do Masde-
vallias. Indeed, heat in summer, spots Masde-
vallias, and spots them very badly — so much so that
it is difficult to recuperate them. Here, what is
of them, are clean and goodly to look upon. 0.
Uro-Skinneri does well in a climate of this kind
in summer, and so does that singular insect-looking
Restrepia antennifera. It is a beautifully spotted
little flower, very free, and, when one looks into it,
it is quite a treat in the matter of form. Its labellum
is sandal-like, resting in connate sepaline segments,
the inferior ones in this instance being much the
more prominent. The dorsal one is much smaller,
linear, and the petaline segments are like needles.
O. cirrosum is here in both forms — the dense
panicled one, and the long loose one which many
growers have sacrificed. It is a useful species, much
scarcer now, and is much prized for bouquet work.
All these plants are grown in low houses at Red-
lands, with ample means of ventilation, which un-
doubtedly suits them best.

The Cattleyas are in various houses, but do best
suspended from the glass in square teak baskets,
with plenty of the miscellaneous herd of stove plants
growing underneath, thus keeping up a never-failing
supply of moisture in as natural a state as can well
be imitated. The C. gigas is doing magnificently,
and so is Mendelii, which is one of the freest of
the free if not subjected to checks, as well as Triana:,
Mossise, and such like. There were two striking
plants here that one does not often see — proper
subjects for the Kew collection — Maxillaria rufescens
(Lindl.), and a pure ochre form of Trichopilia
nobilis (Lindl.), which I would call crocea, but
your learned southerners might name Mr. Mirrilees
— the former name is indicative of the change of
colour — the latter might mean anything ! There are
some well grown Ccelogyne cristata, and among the
batch a sport with a distinct narrow white band
down the centre of the leaf, which so far appears to
be fast.

The Dendrobiums, particularly the old nobile in
many of its forms, and Wardianum, are well culti-
vated. The latter will not do to knock about, as
many have done in days past to their cost. Here
Mr. Russel propagates it extensively, and never
places his established plants in too cold a position,
not even in the so-called time of rest. This is the
rock many growers founder upon. The nobile can
be severely tried without succumbing. There are so
many grown here for cut-flower purposes, that the
varieties crop up numerously, and sport as well.
From one of these the gardener has obtained
Cooksoni — so the authorities metropolitan, when sent
up to, declared ! In this climate, too, was one of the
most delightfully fresh pieces we have seen for years
of that beautiful Oncid, O. Lanceanum. Its flowers
were marvellously fine, and the leaves of the plant
were without blemish — very difficult, indeed, to get
or see. Hundreds of Calanthes for cut-flower pur-
poses were going along delightfully. Here, again,
was the advantage of a miscellaneous horde ; stove
plants in the centre giving off moisture and the
feeding ammonia, which was telling splendidly, not
only on the Orchids, but on the grandly-grown batch

of Nepenthes suspended from the roof. These, of
course, form only a moiety of the plants grown in this
establishment ; but we must stick to our text, and go
along a little distance westwards to see the collection
of Mr. Hugh Steven, of Westmount.

In this collection, which has not been so long in
existence as that of Redlands, are some noteworthy
plantv. The cool Orchids here, too, are the favou-
rites, and the houses erected for their growth are
both showy and good. The span-roofed cool-house
is about 40 X 18 feet. By far the best plants here are
the O. crispum. There were many very choice sorts
in bloom, and although August is not the best month
for seeing those racemes develop into their best, yet
many were very remarkable. 0. l'escatorei is good
here also, and so are O. Andersonianum, tripudians,
sceptrum, Harryanum, luteopurpureum, triumphans —
a great many of which came with a batch of Pesca-
torei. It was pleasing to see such nice pieces of
Masdevallia tovarensis — a rare plant once, but over
plentiful for a few years, and now again more prized.
This house stands upon a slope, and is more exposed
to solar influences than the sunk one at Redlands ;
hence the plants, during summer, are more difficult
to grow into specimens. The staging, after the style
of Sir Trevor Lawrence and Baron Schroder, is all
that could be wished, and the house and plants are
kept in the pink of order.

In another house in the span-roofed ornamental
range, terrace fashion, is the pretty pearly-white
Oncidium longicorne, Dendrobium Wardianum,
chrysanthum, Gibsoni, moschatum, and other
well-known old species, together with a pretty lot
of that beautiful slipper Cypripedium niveum. In
the hotter ranges were several well-grown and
flowered pieces of Saccolabium, the very handsome,
bright Aerides Lobbii, some great masses of Cym-
bidium giganteum and Lowii, and a goodly lot in
flower of Cattleya Gaskelliana. The Cypripeds are
well grown here, and are in considerable variety.

Growing up in one of the lofty stovehouses was a
marked batch of Cattleya Dowiana — the prince of
Cattleyas, because of its great size and unique
colouring. One variety in flower was remarkably
good, the amethyst labellum being very pronounced
in colouring, and contrasting well with the nankin
segments. This and C. gigas seem to revel in great
heat and moisture, and so does that Cattleya super-
biens-Iooking bulbed Schomburghia Lyonsii. That
these plants do better among the general stove ruck
than by themselves is beyond question, particularly
when they are hung up and properly attended to in
the way of cleanliness and moisture, although they
would live a iong time in such a moist heat with
rank vegetation underneath without much artificial
watering. The gardener, Mr. Wilson, is quite an
enthusiast in his work, and his employer, Mr. Steven,
like every gentleman that owns anything like a
collection of Orchids, takes that personal interest in
his plants which is the best of all encouragements to
every good gardener. J. Anderson.

Odontoglossum Pescatorei.

This is always a pretty and favourite species, and
some of the purple-blotched varieties are equal in
beauty to any form of Odontoglossum. The purple
spotting is usually displayed on the sepals and petals,
but more rarely all over the labellum. Such a varia-
tion exists in Sir Trevor Lawrence's collection, and
a fine example of it is in bloom in the London
Nurseries, Maida Vale. The sepals and petals are
pure white, the lip large and flatly expanded, rich
violet blotches running from the crest to the edge
of the lip in the middle and half-way over its surface
at the sides. The side lobes and border of the
labellum are also marked with crimson. The plant
is small, and it should be a remarkably fine thing
when strong. J. OB.

CoiLOGYNE CORUCGATA.

This is an old species, but not often seen so well
in flower as seen in a large batch of it in the London
Nursery, Maida Vale. The sprays of white fragrant
flowers resemble those of C. ocellata. It comes

from high altitudes in the Neilgherries, and thrives
well in the cool-house. J. O'B.

Odontoglossum Roezlii.

" Roezl used to tell us that where it grows, rain
falls 3R5 days in the year. ... He discovered it in
1872, and arrived in England with one solitary plant
. . . which he sold to Mr. William Bull for 7,5 gs.,
and which flowered in December, 1873, creating a
great sensation in the Orchid world." Reichenbaehia,
t. 69. One characteristic of this Orchid is its
delicious fragrance. This Odontoglossum likes a
house the temperature of which never falls below
65° ; constant syringing during their season of
growth is essential.

Dendrobium polyphlebium, Reich, f. (See p. 244.)

Is there any botanical difference between this and
D. rhodopterygium, previously named by Prof.
Reichenbach also ? I regard them as one and the
same thing, probably resulting from the inter-
crossing of D. Pierardi and D. Parishii, and conse-
quently varying in degree, but such variations
merging into each other precludes the possibility of
distinguishing extreme forms as distinct species.
James O'Brien.

Roots of Orchids.

The main point in growing epiphytal Orchids of
all kinds, is to preserve a due relation between the
heat and moisture of the house, and to avoid blanch-
ing the roots by the use of crude masses of peat, since
roots so blanched, like Seakale, have lost all power
of chlorophyll-action, i.e., the absorption and forma-
tion of flower-producing material, and are in a
debilitated 'condition, and so disposed to premature
decay. Reichenbaehia, t. 71.

Cattleyas of the Labiata Group.

In the last issued part of Beichenbachia, we find
the following table, which will be of service as a
reminder to Orchid cultivators.
" Section I.
Flowers from the current year's growth, about two
months after its completion.

Cattleya labiata vera, Brazil.

Section II.
Flowers produced on the newly formed growths of
the current year and before the resting season.

Cattleya Warscewiczii, Columbia ; C. Gaskelliana,
Venezuela ; C. Warneri, Brazil ; C. Dowiana,
Costa Rica ; C. Dowiana aurea, Columbia ;
C. specio3issima, Venezuela.

Section III.
Flowers formed on growths of the preceding
season, and produced after the resting season.

C. Mendeli, Colombia; C. Mossias, Venezuela;
C. Triana;, Columbia ; C. Percivaliana,
Venezuela; C. Laurenceana, British Guiana;
C. Schrodera, Columbia." Reichenbaehia.

Plants and Their Culture.

Stove Plants. — During this month more atten-
tion must be given to airing this house, so as to get
the new growth ripe before the dull days set in,
therefore less shade and moisture than formerly may
be afforded ; but this change of treatment must be
carefully done, as after the long spell of cloudy
weather some plants will be in a very immature
state, and some considerable space of time mnst be
allowed them to mature their shoots. A little
ventilation should be given at night, and thus
aided by the warmth in the hot-water pipes, the
ripening process will be assisted. Should the
heating apparatus not have been in use of late, no
time should be lost in getting the fire started after
putting all parts into working order. A night tem-
perature a little lower than has hitherto been kept
up may now rule — say 65° to 70°, and less moisture
will be required in the house, the damping down in
the evening as usual during the warmer summer
months being discontinued ; but the syringe may be
freely used at closing time. Where Crotons and
other fine foliage" plants are grown, red-spider and ,

September 7, 1889.]

THE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE.

273

Ihrips will soon make havoc with the young growths
if they be not kept in check by slight fumigations
frequently given. In a short time, many of the
' Dracaenas, Pandanuses, and others of a hardier
nature must be removed from the greenhouse to their
winter quarters ; the opportunity being then taken to
thoroughly cleanse the house previous to placing
the inmates in it. Old or unsightly plants (if not
rare) should be thrown away, as these take up the
space required by the young plants.

Creepers. — These should be examined, and the
i shoots regulated, and thinned. Allamandas will
continue to bloom with some freedom for a
considerable time yet; but the shoots may be re-
stricted by cutting away the weaker and over-
abundant ones. This remark will also apply to
Bougainvilleas. Clerodendron Balfouriana, as its
shoots increase in length and number, should be
i tied loosely near to the roof-glass, after having un-
fastened it from the trellis ; and no shade should be
given, but, contrariwise, all the sunlight possible,
I and liquid manure may be afforded the plant whilst
! in active growth, but inducing rest in the plant as
, «oonas its young growths are fully developed. Late-
flowering plants will need some little care, and as
the season of growth is now so short, a modicum of
bottom-heat may be afforded them in a close pit.
The shrubby species of Clerodendron will now be
found very useful, and when past their best they will
require to be kept drier at the root. C. fallax, a
handsome plant, is at this season apt to be infested
with scale insects and mealy-bug more than other
species. C. fragrans should be in every collection,
but its foliage must be kept dry, and it should be
placed in a dry and airy house.

Rondeletias now in flower will be benefited by
occasional doses of liquid manure — the flowers are
useful when cut, being lasting, and of a cheerful
tint. Vincas should get full light, and but little
shade, so that the wood may get matured ; and the
flowers are more lasting if treated in this way. The
plants require the frequent removal of the dead
blooms. Dipladenias should now be blooming freely,
and should be afforded sunshine in abundance, so that
their flowers may acquire substance ; and they should
occasionally be assisted with some kind of fertiliser.
Cissus discolor is a beautiful object in a stove
when grown well, and it is capable of being used
with fine effect in decoration in the dwelling, if
grown in small pots, some plants being raised each
spring for this special purpose. They do well in a
warm, moist corner of the stove, and if bottom-heat
can be afforded them, growth is very quick. Ixora
coccinea is one of the best for cutting from, and
plants of it may be removed to a cooler and drier
house as they show for bloom. Specimens of Ste-
phanotis which were some time ago placed in a cold
house will now bloom, if put into a warm place ; but
they must have been treated as previously advised
to enable them to do this.

Amaryllis with completed growth may be removed
to a resting house, watering them just enough to
keep the bulbs plump — a peachery or vinery from
which the fruit is gathered is a suitable place.
G. Wythes, Sion Gardens.

The Flower Garden.

Herbaceous Plants. — In order that the plants
may continue in good bloom, all spent flowers, old
flower-stems, and seed-vessels should be frequently
, removed. Perennial Sunflowers now make a fine
display, and, having treated the plants in the manner
advised a short time since for Phloxes, that is,
pinched out some of the leading shoots, they will
now be flowering freely from the lateral shoots ; but
, the flowers are not so large as on unstopped shoots,
: although there are more of them. The only plants
which we have allowed to seed are Delphiniums,
and, now that the ripe seed is being gathered, and
the flower-stems removed, some of the plants, as
soon as rain falls, will be lifted, divided, and re-
planted, and from this early planting we may hope
to have them as good next "year as if they had not
been moved. Asters (Michaelmas Daisies) are about
all the plants that at present require special attention
in respect of tying- up. Most of the varieties grow so
tall, as to make tying needful, and the work cannot
be delayed without injury to the Asters themselves,
or to other plants which may be near them. The
method of tying is important, for the most pleasing
effect is just as readily obtained as the reverse of it.
I find it just as easy to put two sticks to a plant as to

put only one, and loop up the stems thereto. For
effect, to be seen at a distance, there is no more
effective plant in herbaceous borders than Hyacin-
thus candicans. We have plants with many spikes
of flowers which are fully 5 feet long, and not the
least of its merits is the irregular periods at which
the bulbs throw up their flower-spikes, and thus
prolong the display. Lilium tigrinum Leopoldii,
L. lancifolium, L. Knetzeri, L. auratum, and various
Gladioli, vie with the Hyacinthus in beauty.

Flower-beds. — "Rest and be thankful" does not
apply to any branch of gardening. The flower-beds
are filled out, but it does not follow that they should
be let alone. The picking over the plants, and thin-
ning out of their shoot3, must be done with regu-
larity, if the beds are to continue in good flowering
condition for some time longer. Trimmings of
Alternantheras, variegated Mesembryanthemum,
Gnaphaliums, variegated Allysum, and offsets of
Echeverias, may all be used to increase stock.
Beds of seedling Verbenas, Petunias, Gaillardias,
Phlox Drummondii, &c, all require dwarfing, and if
thin on the ground they should be pegged down ;
but if densely grown together, pinch out the longest
shoots, and make the surface even, but not too flat.
Turf and Box edgings ought also to have a last trim-
up for the season.

Memoranda/or m-xt Year. — If the bedding arrange-
ments are ever so beautiful, I am no advocate for
repeating them the next year, but as great a change
as plants will allow should be adopted. Still it will
happen that some part of the arrangement obtains
so much favour, that its repetition becomes justi-
fiable, and note should be made of such. The present
is also the proper season to rectify errors in the
matter of colour, height, and spread of plants; and,
as far as possible, a decision should be arrived at,
in order that the required number of plants may be
propagated. I name the several plants, that, so far
as I have as yet been able to come to a decision
about, that have this year grown in favour, and
which, as a matter of course, will have a foremost
place in the arrangement of next year. These are
Fuchsias, Phlox Drummondii, Indian Pinks, seed-
ling Verbenas, seedling Petunias, Lilies (various),
Tuberous Begonias, fancy Pansies, and white, blue,
and yellow Violas. W. Wildsmith, Heckficld Place.

Fruits Under Glass.

Cucumbers for Winter Supply. — The house for
these should be got ready for planting this month.
Clear out all the old soil and the drainage ; sift the
latter through an inch meshed sieve, and relay it in as
open a manner as possible, so that the bottom-heat may
readily rise through it. Leave space for about 1 foot
depth of soil ; cover the drainage with a layer of
straw to prevent the compost from getting among it.
Then thoroughly scrape the walls, and lime-wash
them ; paint the pipes with lamp-black and boiled
linseed-oil, painting the trough-pipes with red-lead
paint, this substance withstanding the action of
water and damp best. The roof of the house, and
all the other wood-work, should have a thorough
scrubbing, or, what is better, a coat of paint. At
this season the compost should not be rich. We use
nothing but some nice fresh turf chopped up, and put
in a narrow ridge along the centre of the bed, and
made sufficiently firm to keep it from sinking much,
planting the plants about 2 feet 6 inches apart, or
3 feet, according to the length of the roof. In top-
dressing, place the soil against the sides of the ridge,
not too thinly, and as the roots appear at the out-
side, always being careful not to bury the stem of
the plant. The house should be kept well aired, and
the plants grown in a comparatively cool tempera-
ture, fully exposed to the sun, and trained with a
straight stem up to the top of the house, the laterals
being tied in horizontally, and stopped as they
approach their neighbours. Remove all the male
blooms, and keep the plants free from fruit as long
as a supply can be kept up from other sources.

Pine-apples. — If there is a quantity of old fruiting
stools in the pits, now is a good time for clearing
them out, and potting-up the suckers ; any in the
last stage of ripening being placed in a cooler house
meanwhile, thus leaving space for re-arranging the
plants, and preventing crowding, — a state of things
very detrimental to Pines in winter. Less moisture
will now be required in the atmosphere, with fuller ex-
posure to the sun ; and very little shading will now
be required, except for freshly potted suckers.

These latter will require the house to be kept

close, the air moist, and the plants gently dewed over
occasionally with the syringe. Those potted last
month should have more air than these, and fuller
exposure to the sun, examining them before giving
water at the root, but not allowing them to get very
dry. Shift those altogether which are intended to
be started early next season, choosing for that pur-
pose fully developed plants whose pots are full of
roots. These plants should not be excited in any
way, nor subjected to sudden changes of treatment,
but kept just sufficiently moist without being too
wet ; gradually dropping the temperature as the days
shorten. Those which will be started in succession to
these should still have a nice genial moist atmosphere,
with a gentle syringing overhead two or three times
a week on bright days. Plants swelling their fruit
can be treated in the same way, and a night tem-
perature maintained of 70° ; shutting up at an
early part of the afternoon, the warmth, with a sun-
heat, being allowed to rise to 80°— 85°. Afford
fresh air, in the morning when the sun has raised the
temperature to 75°. W. Bennett. Bangemore, Burton-
oil- Trent.

The Hardy Fruit Garden.

. —

Owing to light crops of fruit generally, the wood
inclines to be somewhat over-strong, and it is there-
fore necessary to pay much attention to the summer
trimming of the trees ; and whether the trees are
standards, pyramids, bushes, or espaliers, keep the
heads open and the branches thin — the practice
cannot be too much recommended ; and the earlier
the pruning or the thinning takes place after the
fruits have been gathered the better.

Peaches and Nectarines we have gone over for the
second time, and thinned the shoots more freely
than usual ; but in many instances root-pruning by
piecemeal will have to be practised as soon as the
proper time has arrived. As the fruits ripen, they
should be gathered, and always a little under than
over-ripe, and be placed in the fruit-room on tissue-
paper, placed on a soft pad of wadding.

Morello Cherries. — As the trees are cleared of
their fruit, remove the nets, and if next year fruit-
ing wood has not been laid in, it should now be
attended to. A succession of young wood at inter-
vals should be left all over the trees ; and bushes
should be treated somewhat like the Black Currant,
thinning out the branches to let in the light and air
to ripen the wood, and reserving plenty of young
wood, otherwise the trees will be fruited to death.

Black Currant and Gooseberry bushes will be all
the better, if the branches are very crowded, by
having some of them removed, cutting one out
here and there to let in light. At the same time
reduce the size of the bush by cutting in the outer
branches, allowing each to stand well clear of its
neighbour. H. Mark-ham, Mercworth Castle, Kent.

The Kitchen Garden.

— i

Preparing Mushroom-beds. — Now is a good
time to get ready Mushroom-beds for the winter,
and before beginning to make the beds, the house
should be cleansed to destroy insects harbouring in
it, for which purpose a strong solution of carbolic
soap will be found of use. In preparing the material
for the bed, it is not necessary to shake out too much
of the straw, if stable litter is difficult to obtain ;
but when much straw is left in it, the heap will
require more frequent turning over than would be
necessary if less were employed. By this means
excessive heating is prevented, and the future beds
will last longer. Beds may still be made out-of-
doors, or in cellars, or open sheds, and in these
places it is simply a question of covering up warmly,
as the nights lengthen. Attend to the beds in
bearing, and when they show signs of giving out,
afford them a watering with dung-water at a few
decrees higher than the temperature of the bed, and
putting a pinch of salt into each canful — that is,
1 oz. of salt to 4 gallons of water.

Cucumbers.— As the nights lengthen, and the
amount of sunshine lessens, the linings of hotbeds
will require more often renewals, and the coverings
on the glass to be increased in thickness. Keep the
bine well thinned out, and let this be done more by
pinching out the points of the shoots than by cut-
ting out long shoots, as healing is then more rapid.
Cut off old discoloured leaves, and lay the fruit on
pieces of slate or sheets of glass, to keep them from
contact with the soil. Wm. M Baillie.

2?4

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 7, lfSSff.

NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS.
Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should
be made payable at the Post Office,
No. 42, DRURY LANE.

GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OFFICE TELEGRAMS.
NOTICE to Correspondents, Advertisers, Sub-
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for Foreign and Inland Telegrams is
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SUBSCRIBERS TO

'THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE
■*■ who experience any difficulty in obtaining
their Copies regularly, are particularly requested
to communicate with the Publisher (in cases of
delay in the delivery by post, the cover should be
forwarded with complaint ).

W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street,
Strand, W.C.

Now ready, in cloth, lis. 6d.

J 'HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
Vol. V., Third Series. JAN. to JUNE, 1889.
W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK,

WEDNESDAY, S

SHOWS.

i Newcastle-upon-Tyne (three days).
Royal Caledonian (two days).
York Florists'.
"S Brighton and Sussex.

j National Chrysanthemum, at West-
\ minster (two days).

SALES.

MONDAY. Sept. 9— Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms,

i' Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms.

WEDNESDAY, SEPT. 1 U Nurs?T Stock at Mr. Ladds' Nur-
) series, Swanley Junction, Kent,
t. by Protheroe & Morris.

( Orchids in Flower and Bud, at
\ Stevens' Rooms.
THURSDAY, Sept. 12< Nursery Stock, at Messrs. Gregory
| & Evans' Nurseries, Sidcup, by
" Protheroe & Morris.

SATURDAY, Sept. 14— Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms.

CORRECTED AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR THE ENSU-
ING WEEK. DEDUCED FROM THE OBSERVATIONS
OF FORTY-THREE YEARS, AT CHISWICK— 58°,5.

Centenary celebrations are the
thePahUa? order of the <%• The turn of

the Dahlia is now at hand, that of
the Chrysanthemum is to follow, and so the game
will go on merrily. Think of what our suc-
cessors will have to do in the future, with the
numerous introductions of Douglas, of Fortune.
of Koezl, Linden, Veitch, and so many others !
One of the most interesting questions arising
from these celebrations will be that of the sur-
vival of the fittest. How many plants have been
introduced which have had their day and disap-
peared ; while some, such as the Dahlia and
( 'hrysanthemum, are daily increasing in popular
favour! Why? The question is easily asked,
but the answer is not readily given. It can-
not be from any greater beauty, nor greater
staying power in the sense of hardihood or
facility of cultivation and propagation. It may
be that the survivors owe their persistence to
their greater power of variation and adaptability :
but, for the most part, we can only invoke the
aid of fancy and taste. Doubtless there are
reasons even for these matters, especially in the
direction of adaptation, as just mentioned, could
we but ascertain what they are ; but this is
beyond our power. We can at present only note
the fact.

The Dahlia Conference, which opens at the
Crystal Palace after these sheets will have passed
the press, may throw some light on these ques-
tions, for Mr. Shirley Hibiserd is to treat on
the history of the Dahlia, Mr. Turner on its de-
velopment as a florist's flower, and Messrs. West
and Cheal on their cultivation. As to the
history, that is pretty well known. Our own
columns, in 1879, contained an exhaustive
account of the botanical history of the genus
from Mr. Hemsley, to which we would refer
our readers for the most complete review yet
attempted.

A similar paper, read by Mr. Girdle-
stone, at a meeting of the Horticultural Club,
traversed much the same ground. All the
species are Mexican. They occur on the high
ground, between 4500 and 10,000 feet. Some of
them have been in cultivation in Mexican gar-
dens from time immemorial. Mr. Giudlestone
tells us that in a work on the natural history of
Mexico published at Rome in 1651, there is a
figure of a " double " Dahlia under the eupho-
niousname of Cocoxochilt. From Mexican gardens
they were introduced into Spain, and cultivated
by Cavanillek at Madrid. That botanist named
the genus, unknown in Europe before 1780, in
honour of Andreas Dahl, a Swedish botanist, a
pupil of Linn.eus. This derivation fixes the
proper pronunciation of the name — a matter,
however, observed rather in the breach than in
the observance. Lord Bute was the British

Fig. 39.— palm beetle, (see p. 277.)

Ambassador at Madrid at the time, and to Lady
Bite, who sent seeds to Kew in 1780, must be
attributed the honour of its introduction into
England.

Mr. Hemsley, treating the matter from a
botanical point of view, concludes that the single
forms known as Cervantesii, mexicana, variabilis,
and coccinea, seem to be either cross-bred de-
scendants of two or more species, or the variable
descendants of one species, and inclines to the
latter as the more probable genealogy.

The species enumerated by Mr. Hemsley-,
Gardeners' Chronicle, 1870, October 4, p. 437, and
November 1 of the same year, p. 557, are nine in
number, of which D. imperialis, Gardeners'
Chronicle, 1870, p. 459; D. excels, alias arborea,
D. Barkeriae, I). Maximiliana, and D. scapigera,
are out of court as regards what is known as the
florist's Dahlia. D. variabilis, D. coccinea, in-
cluding 1). Cervantesii and mexicana, D. gracilis
and I). Merekii, with which D. glabrata and I).
Decaisneana are synonymous, are more nearly
concerned in the production of the flowers of the
present day. Our illustrations (figs. 37, 38, and
4L>), represent some of the nearest approaches to
the original wild forms.

The variations in the foliage, and the extra-
ordinary range of colour, are probably due to
this mixed parentage, although not necessarily
so. The extraordinary diversity of the foliage is
specially interesting, because that has not been
specially sought for, or selected by the florist.
He has devoted his attention almost entirely to
habit, and to the form, and colour, and size of
the flower, and the variability in these respects

is, of course, very largely due to the direct
selective influence exerted by the caltivator;
but with the foliage it is otherwise, and yet the
variability is almost as remarkable, and as it has
not been an object of special selection, it would
seem as if it must be the result of the inter-
breeding of several species.

Single 1 (ahlias, which by many are considered
far more beautiful than the " lumpy inelegant "
double varieties, were speedily eliminated, and it
is only of later years that their greater elegance,
combined with an equal diversity of colour,
has led to their re-introduction, and we may
say, to their great improvement as florists-'
flowers.

The term double, of course, is here used in a
different sense from that which is customary.
Even a so-called single Dahlia is not one flower,
but a group or head of flowers, of which the
outer ones, or ray-florets, are strap-shaped, while
those of the centre or disc are tubular in the so-
called double 1 lahlia, the number of florets is not
necessarily increased, but all the florets have
been made to assume a tubular or quilled form.
This is an entirely different thing from that
form of doubling which consists in the mutation
of the stamens and pistils, one or both, into petals.
A few years ago (Gardeners' Chronicle, 1881, p.
349) Messrs. Hender favoured us by sending
flowers of 1 lahlias in which each floret had a second
floret within it — a true hose-in-hose Dahlia, in fact.
Messrs. Hender informed us that the variation was
constant, and we have been on the look-out for it
since, but have never again seen it. Another
curiosity is the green Dahlia, which is not un-
common, and which has been frequently figured
in these columns. In this case the flowers are
only imperfectly or not at all developed, while
the scales of the head or receptacle, usually incon-
spicuous (at least the inner ones) are represented
by small green leaves. The so-called Cactus
Dahlias are Dahlias in which the florets are
flatter and not so distinctively quilled, as in the
ordinary kinds. Many people would prefer this
set to the ordinary show Dahlia, the charm of
which lies rather in the purity and variety of its
colours than in the form. In the Pompon
varieties, the inelegance of the form is not so
much marked, so that these also find favour in the
eyes of many to whom the ordinary show Dahlia is
more or less abhorent. The division into Dahlias
and " Fancies " is too recondite for any but
" the fancy," and they must be left to the
possession and enjoyment of their undoubted
rights.

One point we think must be conceded by the
florist, and that is, that the style of exhibiting
single Dahlias in bunches of various forms, with
their foliage, is infinitely preferable to the
system of arrangement in lines and rows on a
raised board, without even a .trace of a leaf in
between. This system is the most convenient for
the judges, and for those who wish to institute
careful comparison of individual kinds ; but for
those who are not specialists, it is probably the
surest way of destroying the beauty and signifi-
cance of flowers, that the ingenuity of man
has yet devised. Perhaps at the Palace, ,
means will be devised to meet both require-
ments. There is no good reason why Dahlias
grouped for decorative purposes should not be
intermixed with others set out for individual
comparison.

We almost dread to make the suggestion,
lest "decorators'" should run to the other
extreme, and horrify us with " devices " such
as we remember to have seen at county shows,
not so long ago; and with the perpetration
of atrocities such as the Royal Botanic Sooiety \\

September 7, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

275

was guilty of only this last summer in the case
of Roses. Our American friends have shown a
marked tendency in this direction lately, and

The Plum Conference and Exhibition in
Edinburgh, September h and 12. — It appears
from the circular sent to us, and to which reference

Fig. 40. — branching palm, (ski: p. 277.)

there is too much reason to fear the fashion will
spread. Let us hope that a purer taste and a
deeper love of flowers may save us from such
floral horrors. May our Dahlia growers never
lend themselves to such desecration.

was made in our last issue, that the exhibits are
requested mainly from Scotland, although exhibitors
from other parts of the country are solicited to send
specimens. Scotland has been favoured with an
abundant Plum crop, and it is thought the oppor-

tunity should not be allowed to pass without art
attempt being made to settle the nomenclature of
l'lums. In addition to this very necessary labour,
information is sought on poiots of culture, altitude,,
aspect, soil, and exposure, and intending exhibitors
are requested to supply these needful details with the
specimens shown. Only in the case of new or
little known fruits, is it necessary to send a bearing
branch with fruit and foliage. The specimens, more-
over, need not be fully ripe. The conference and
exhibition will be held in the Waverley market, on
the dates above given, in conjunction with the show
of the Royal Caledonian Horticultural Society. Mr.
Malcolm Dunn, is the convener of the Committee ;
and Mr. William Young, assistant secretary, 18„
Waverley market, Edinburgh, the consignee.

Gold Medal Fruit Essay.— We are requested

to announce that the prize of 25 guineas offered by
the Fruiterers' Company for an essay on profitable
fruit-growing for cottagers and others with small
holdings, and the gold medal offered by Dr. Hobo to
the winner in the competition, have been awarded to
Mr. J. Wright, of 36, Alma Road, Wandsworth.
Advertisements of the competition, appeared in the
issues of .this paper of April and May last. The-
following is the report of the adjudicators : —

" Having carefully examined the fourteen essays
submitted, we have unanimously selected that signed
' British Workman ' for the award of the prize. This
essay combines practical knowledge with literary
ability, and complies with the conditions of the
competition. A considerable proportion of the
fourteen essays deserve commendation, and it is a
matter of regret to us that we have only one-
prize at our command, where, perhaps, three
or four might be worthily awarded. We
would mention those signed ' Pomona,' ' Pro-
gression,' ' Jabez Chawley,' and 'Hope On,' as par-
ticularly meritorious, although not meeting with our
entire approval in connection with the present
reference. _ " T. Francis Rivers,

" A. F. Barron,

August 26, 1889. " Shirley HiBBERn."

Gardeners' Orphan Fund.— We are pleased

to learn, through Mr. Wildsmith, that on the occa-
sion of the public opening of the gardens and
grounds of Heckfield Place, on August 24 and 26,
bv the kindness of Lady Emma Shaw-Lefevre, the
sum of £6 10s. was realised for this excellent
Charity. A larger numbers of visitors would doubt-
less have been present, but the weather was very
unfavourable on the first day.

MONTBRETIA SECURIGERA. — We are indebted
to Mr. O'Brien for some corms of this plant, which
have flowered in a cold frame with a minimum of
attention, and which may therefore safely be recom-
mended to amateurs with little leisure and less skill.
The plant has the appearance of an Ixia ; its flowers
are of a pretty shade of orange, shaded with crimson,
but the mechanism of the flower is so curious and
interesting to those, at least, who like to discover
the " reason why," that it is worth alluding to. Like
other Irids, it has a perianth of six segments, and
these are slightly irregular, so that the flower may be
divided horizontally into two unequal portions. The
three outer segments are oblong, two at the sides,
one odd one in front— facing one as the flower is held
in the hand. This "odd" sepal is of a deeper
orange colour than its two companions, and has at
its base two yellow spots, each edged with a narrow
band of crimson. From one of these spots a small,
curved, flattened, bright yellow process sticks straight
up. Of the three inner perianth segments or petals,
the uppermost or odd one, is broader and paler
in colour than the others; forming a sort of
hood over the stigmas and stamens. The two
lower side petals are of the same form, size, and
colour as the central sepal, and each has a similar
erect process springing from it, so that one sepal and
two petals are provided with these processes while
the others are destitute of them. The stamens are as
in other Irids, three in number, and so curved as to

276

TEE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

[September 7, 1889.

form an arch over the three processes before men-
tioned. Behind the three stamens rises the style,
dividing at its apex into three spreading curved
branches, projecting beyond and over-topping the
anthers. The anthers open before the stigmas are
ripe, so that the flower is, botanically speaking,
" proterandrous." The significance of these arrange-
ments may be understood by a reference to the
following diagram : —

O O O

I + I + I
in which jthe upper three horizontal lines may be
taken to represent the stigmas, the three circles the
anthers, the three lower vertical lines the erect
processes from the perianth segments. An insect,
indicated by the cross +, and attracted by the
beauty spot at the base of the perianth segments
and the nectar to be found in the tube of the
flower, alights on the flower, is compelled to pass
between the erect processes | | which thus form
a sort of barrier, such as one sees at railway stations,
to regulate the course of the travellers, and in so
doing must needs brush out the pollen from the
anthers O o, between which he passes. At this
time the stigmas of this particular flower are not
mature, and, even if they were, they would be
rolled out of the way; but in another flower
they may be ripe, and then the barriers force the
insect to take such a course as compels it to
wipe off the pollen from its sides on to the
stigma. The matter takes a good many words
to explain, but the arrangement and meaning are
obvious at a glance, and delightful to witness on the
part of those who not only admire the beauty of
flowers, but can also wonder and admire the manifold
evidences around us of purpose and adaptation in
their construction. The plant was originarly intro-
duced as far back as 1774, by Mr. Masson, and was
figured in the Botanical. Magazine in 1797, under the
name of Gladiolus securiger, the specific name having
reference to the hatchet-like processes from the
perianth segments (se«sra=hatchet, or axe), but
whose significance was not then considered. Mr.
O Bbien has also imported other choice flowers of
the same alliance, such as Babiana stricta, Tritonia
miniata, and others, whose flowers are so beautiful,
and culture so easy, that it is to be hoped they will
come into fashion again.

Yucca gloriosa variegata in Flower.—

A specimen of the above handsome plant has recently
flowered at Hamilton Palace gardens near Glasgow.
The plant stands 14 feet in height, and has a flower-
spike of more than 2 feet in length. The flowers are
of a creamy-white, and possess the aroma of fresh
coffee.

Barham Court, Maidstone— Among Pears

doing well in the present unfavourable season were
Doyenne Bussoch, Durandeau, Duchesse d'Angou-
leme, on the open candelabra trees ; and on the
walls were excellent cordons of Doyenne du Cornice,
Beurre dAmanlis, and Easter Beurre ; on espaliers
clean fruit of Winter Nelis, Napoleon, Madame
Treyve; on pyramids (which are not generally
cropping well), Beurre Hardy and Nouvelle Fulvie
were very clean, but many kinds were much spotted.
< )ne feature of the gardens at the present time are
Peaches on walls and the Nectarines— grand fruit of
Falcon, Princess of Wales, Dymond, and Sea Eagle
Peaches, and Pitmaston, Napier, and Pine-apple
Nectarines, all clean fruit, regularly disposed, and
the trees in perfect health, protected at top with a
wide coping. In Apples— for which these gardens
are famous— were found enormous crops of more
than usually fine fruit of Alexander, Belle Dubois,
Stone's, Peasgood's Nonsuch, Cox's Orange, Cox's
Pomona, Ribstons, Small's Admirable, Golden Spire,
and Tower of Glammis. Especially fine on can-
delabra, and trees on open trellises, were Cox's
( )range and Pomona and Peasgood's. Several choice
dessert varieties were doing well on the single cor-
dons. Calville Blanche was very large, and should the

present line weather continue, the very clean and
fine fruit will take on colour, and reward Mr. Wood-
ward for his arduous labours. Peaches in a large
span-to-span orchard-house were heavily cropped,
and the whole were producing good fruit, and the
trees were healthy and clean. Owing to a tremen-
dous downpour, we were unable to make that careful
inspection which was desired ; but we were there
long enough to see that Mr. Woodward was an
enthusiast at his work, and the quantity of fruit
turned out from the gardens is prodigious, com-
mencing in July with Strawberries and following
closely with early Peaches (Alexander and Waterloo)
until the wall-fruit and Apples and Pears come in.

Melons in the South of France.— In the

current number of the Moniteur de V Horticulture,
mention is made of the prodigious quantities of
Melons consumed in the South. The writer says
that at Nismes he was startled (cjfraye) at the enor-
mous quantities of Melons (of the kind known as
" Cavaillons " — i.e., a netted green flesh variety) dis-
played in the markets and in the streets, and supposed
this to be the supply for a week at least. So far from
that being the case, it represented only a day's supply,
and the next morning a fresh lot of equal magnitude
was to be seen. The inhabitants each consume one
or two per diem on the average, the price there
being merely 3d. or id., as contrasted with the cost
in Paris, where it amounts to as many shillings.

The Bulb Season at Scilly.— The present

season (writes Mr. J. C. Tonkin, of St. Mary's,
Scilly), has been a very favourable one for the ripen-
ing of bulbs. Quantity as well as quality are all that
can be desired ; and growers may, under favourable
circumstances, expect a good crop of flowers in the
coming spring. I should advise those who are
making fresh plantings to do so as soon as possible,
so that the bulbs may make good roots before the
cold weather sets in. They should be planted about
3 inches deep. On no account must strong manure
be added at the time of planting. During the winter
the beds should be well earthed-up, which can be
drawn down when fine weather sets in.

MANGOS. — Mr. Maries, well-known as a collector
in Japan for Messrs. Veitch, has now prepared a
work on Mangos. Mr. Maries is in charge of
the Durbhunga Gardens, where he has collected
some 150 of the better kinds of Mangos, which are
propagated by grafting.

Berlin Botanic Garden.— It is announced
that Professor Engler, of Breslau, and Dr. Urban,
have been appointed Joint-Directors of the Royal
Botanic Gardens, Berlin.

Science and Art Classes in North
London.— We have been asked by Mr. W. T.
Thompson, organising secretary of the above classes,
held in the Page Green Board Schools, Tottenham,
N., to call the attention of our readers to the classes
of botany and principles of agriculture included in
the curriculum of instruction, and which we gladly
do. In his communication it is stated that at the
examination in May, 1S89, seventeen students were
presented in the two subjects above mentioned. Six-
teen passed, five gaining first classes. A special
class for students taking honours in agriculture, will
be formed during the ensuing session. It may be
mentioned that during the seven years the classes
above named have been held, there have been a great
many students from nurseries in the neighbour-
hood, especially from Mr. T. S. Ware's. Prospectuses
of the classes may be obtained from Mr. Thompson
at the above schools.

The Book of the Farm.— We have already
alluded to the re-publication by Messrs. Blackwood
of this excellent work, under the editorship of
Mr. James Macdonald. The work is eminently
practical, and this is shown as much in the way in
which the matter is arranged, as in the character of
the matter itself. The present part contains, among

other things, an account of the several manures and
their mode of application, and a review of the pas-
ture grasses.

India-rubber and Gutta-percha.— Messrs.
Ferguson, of Colombo, have done good service by
publishing a second edition of their treatise, which
is a summary of information compiled from various
sources as to the natural history and cultivation of
the trees. Messrs. Haddon & Co., of Bouverie
Street, are the agents for the work in this country.

All about Tobacco.— Messrs. A. M. & j.
Ferguson have collected from their excellent
periodical, the Tropical Agriculturist, a series of
articles and letters on the subject of Tobacco growth.
An index is prefixed. The culture of Tobacco in
Britain is alluded to, large use being made, and duly
acknowledged, of Mr. E. J. Beale's treatise on the-
subject.

Presentation to Mr. Rabone, of Alton
Towers Gardens.— The show of the Alton Hor-
ticultural Society, on Thursday, August 29, was
made the occasion of presenting Mr. Rabone, the
respected Head Gardener to the Earl of Shrews-
bury at Alton Towers, and for twenty-one .years
honorary secretary of the above mentioned Society,
with a silver cup. The presentation took place at
Mr. Rabone's house, in the presence of most of the
judges, Mr. Coxox, and other friends.

Garden Notes —

Derwent Hall. — The Duke of Norfolk is enter-
taining visitors.

Sydenet Lodge, Netley. — Lordand Lady Rossltn
are in residence.

Brykinalt. — Lord Trevor opened his gardens on
Sunday last to the general public (Daily Telegraph).

Langholme Lodge, Dumfries. — The Duke and
Duchess of Buccleugh are staying here.

Holker Hall, Lancashire. — The Duke of Devon-
shirk will reside here till the middle of October.

Endsleigh, Tavistock. — The Duke and Duchess
of Bedford are in residence.

Barcombe Place. — Mr. Justice and Lady Gran-
tham are spending the vacation here.

Ightham Mote.— A large part of the land sur-
rounding the old residence has been sold to Lord
Derby, who will add it to his Fairhill Estate.

COPPER LABELS.— We have already alluded to
hese labels, which we have now had in use for some
time, and find them more easily written and more
readily applied than any other. It is simply neces-
sary to write the name with a pointed piece of wood
or pencil, which indents the copper, leaving a per-
manent impression. If a white label be desired, it is
easy to smear a little white lead on the copper
before writing the name. The label is attached by
two thongs, which are easily bent over the branch
to which they are applied. One objection to these
thongs is that occasionally they tear off, so that the
label becomes detached, but this. is a rare occur-
rence ; but we see this has been obviated by using
two wire threads instead of the thongs. Mr.
Chandler, of Carter & Co., of Torquay, is the
inventor of this most serviceable label.

Publications Received. — The Republic of

Uruguay : General Description and Statistical Data.
(London : Office of the Consulate General, 27, Throg-
morton Street, E.C.). — Provincial Government Crop
Report, July, 1889. (Nova Scotia.)— The Garden's
Story. By George H. Ellwanger. (D. Appleton
& Co., New York ; and Caxton House, Paternoster
Row, London.) Report of the 4th Indian National
Congress. (London: Indian Political Agency, 25,
Craven Street, Charing Cross).— Annual Report of
the Superintendent of Common and Public Grounds,
1889. (Boston, U.S.A. : Rockwell & Churchill,
39, Arch Street).— Journal of the Royal Horticul-
tural Society. Vol. xi., part ii. (London : 117,
Victoria Street, S.W.) — Annual Report (1888)
Botanical and Afforestation Department, Hong-lconq.
(C Ford, F.L.S.). — Annual Report of Trinidad
Botanic Garden. J. H. Hart.— Bulletin of the Agri-
cultural Station, Cornell University. U.S.A.

Septemeeb 7, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

277

BRANCHING PALMS.

One of the most characteristic features of the

Palms consists in their unbranched stems. How

much grace and elegance are thereby secured is a

matter of common observation. Possibly a reason

for it may be found in the requirements of the plant

in the young state, as in enabling it to pnsh its way

through the undergrowth, and expand its noble

plume of foliage to light and air ; a single shaft has

obvious advantages. There are some Palms, like the

DoumPalm of Egypt, which branch normally; while,

, inothercases, it seems to be accidental, and the result

of injury. In the Journal of the Linnean Society,

1871, vol. xi., Dr. Shortt published an account, with

illustrations, of some branched Palms from Southern

India, the species mentioned being the Palmyra

Palm or Borassus, and the Cocas. Our present

I illustration (fig. 40), is taken from a photo kindly

) sent as by Mr. T. H. Storey, the superintendent of

, the Sujjan Niwas Gardens, Oodeypore, Rajpootana

(Central India).

The species represented is the Wild Date, Phoenix
silvestris. Mr. Storey tells us the occurrence is quite
rare, he having seen hundreds of miles of Date trees,

awarded the 1st prize at the show in question, and it
consists of a mantle-oven furnace, connected with
the drying-shaft, which is elevated at the end, so as
to ensure a better circulation. The fruit to be dessi-
cated is placed on wire trays, which are then intro-
duced to the oven, which is in two chambers, and
each capable of receiving two or three series of trays.
We have seen samples of Gooseberries, Cherries,
Apples, Pears, Currants, Cabbages, Leeks, &c, dried
by the apparatus, and the results appeared in each
case satisfactory. The apparatus is constructed in

The Gardens of Paris.

THE NURSERY OF M. BLEU.

Frou the Jardin des Plantes it is easy to visit the
above nursery, famous for certain novelties, especi-
ally for Caladiums and Bertolonias, as well as hybrid
Orchids. It is a small place, but worth a visit for
these plants. The distance is not too great to walk,
but the tram may be taken in the Rue Monge, direct
to the Avenue d'ltalie, No. 48.

Fig. 41.— Fruit Drying Apparatus.

but only this one group of branched Palms growing
in a jungle, about 30 miles from Oodypore. Mr.
Storey continues : " there is a large beetle [identified
forns by Professor Westwood, as Scarabceus (Oryctes)
Rhinoceros] which is very destructive to the Palm
family (see fig. 39, p. 274). It bores a hole right
through the centre of the tree, and cuts all the leaves
off. I think this same beetle may be the cause of the
Date Palm's branching. I have- in the garden one
tree which has been attacked, and it is now throwing
out a side-shoot." We have no doubt Mr. Storey's
conjecture is correct, and that the branching is an
attempt to remedy the evil consequences of the in-
jury inflicted by the insect: In ordinary trees such
an occurrence is common, but is rare in monocotyle-
donous stems, owing to their peculiar organisation.
The case supplies a hint of which the gardener
_ may occasionally find it to his advantage to imitate.

FRUIT DRYING.

Among the prominent objects which were to be
seen at the Windsor show of the Royal Agricultural
Society last June, was the fruit-drying apparatus of
Messrs. Ph. Mayfarth & Co., of Frankfort-on-the-
Maine, Germany, and 1G, Mincing Lane, London,
E.C. Fig. 41 represents the apparatus which was

The Loxembouru Gardens

may also be considered to fall within this district.
They are about fifteen minutes' walk from the Jardin
des Plantes, and very near the trams running along
the Boulevard St. Michel and the Boulevard St.
Germain. In these gardens will be found some good
ornamental gardening, and from this point of view they
are among the most important to be visited. A
good idea, for instance, may be got from the use of a
number of fine old zonal Pelargoniums in the borders,
which I was told, are planted out and taken up every
year. By them we see what a Pelargonium really is,
and I believe that beds made with such, in any com-
bination, or alone, would have a very pleasing effect.
It would be a change at least from the level surface
of the usual mass of juvenile plants. The houses
must be visited, since they contain important collec-
tions of Orchids and Bromeliacese, and various plants
of interest ; though, for the present, a number of the
best are at the Exhibition in the grounds of the
Trocadero, occupying a house devoted to them,
which should not be missed. At home there is still
much to see, and I was fortunate in finding the new
Cypripedium vittatum (C. Binoti) in flower, and
then being drawn for a plate in Le Jardin. It is
quite distinct, and the leaves are even ornamental
by their yellow margins, to which, no doubt, the
name refers.

Nurseries in the Vicinity ok Paris.

One day, or even more, may well be given to the
nurseries in the neighbourhood of Bourg-la-Reine
and Sceaux, about twenty minutes or a little more
from the Paris terminus of the Chemin de fer de
Sceaux, not far from the top of the Boulevard St.
Michel. At Bourg-la-Reine are the celebrated
nurseries of Messrs. Bruneau & Jost, which should not
be missed by fruit growers. The firm takes 1st
prize for fruit trees at the Exhibition, and first-rate
culture is evident on the spot. Here also are the
nurseries of Jamin, well known for fruit culture ;
and also of Margottin, for Roses and Vines, which

1 had to skip. All these nurseries are near together.
Leaving one of the outlying nurseries of Messrs.
Bruneau & Jost, I was placed on the way for the
well-known establishment of Messrs. Thibaut &
Keteleer, of Sceaux, who have many interesting
plants, though now, I was told, there are no plant
collectors in France, it is all and only decoration.
Orchids, I suppose, may be excepted, as they are
beginning to get popular, but when Orchid culture
is spoken of in France, it means nothing like that of
England. Here I was shown a very fine plant of
Tillandsia argentea, including the old growth, about

2 feet in length.

The next nursery is that of Messrs. Croux et fils,
who are perhaps the largest exhibitors of trees and
shrubs at the exhibition, where they have, I chance
to remember, a remarkable set of weeping trees.
This nursery stands in great repute, and evidently
with reason. One of their novelties is the new
Genista Andreana, figured in the Revue Horticole,
and of which they have a fine stock. From verbal
description, I judge it to be a very good novelty.
Near this nursery is another important one — that of
M. Paillet, a grower of trees and shrubs, and noted
for Pseonies. The nearest station now for return to
Paris is Fontenoy, and it is the most convenient one
for the last three nurseries, while Bourg-la-Reine is
best for those first mentioned.

The Arboretum at Segre:. — By kind introduction, I
had the privilege of seeing one of the most interest-
ing of Arboretums — that of the late M. Lavallee, at
Segrez, well known by certain publications, in which
some very choice trees and shrubs are figured. I refer
to it chiefly to mention Clematis integrifolia var.
Duranta, a very fine variety, which seemed to me not
unlikely, if properly taken in hand, to give rise to an
entirely new section of this handsome genus. A fine
specimen of Gordonia grandis, 8 feet high, and about 10
feet through, was one of the interesting kinds in flower.

It is, of course, understood that I do not mention
all there is to see in these notes, but I think these
notes of what I saw refer to the most imporant.
Had I known in time, I should have visited one
of Vilmorin's establishments at Verrieres-le-Buis-
son, reached by omnibus from Massy beyond Bourg-
la-Reine.

Another establishment I would have seen is that
for hardy flowers, near the station at Auteuil, which,
judging from other establishments of the City of
Paris, must be worth seeing. No special study can
better be recommended than that of the gardening
operations of the city, infinitely superior, I believe,
and far more instructive to the people, than anything
we have in London. The smoke of London would,
no doubt, be against the same degree of interesting
variety, but we have not even a trial-ground where
its effect on the different kinds could be tested. We
have no nursery where good subjects can be propa-
gated for distribution, and, I take it, no sufficient
source of supply. Our parks might no doubt be
better planted, and made much more interesting
than they are.

The Bois de Vincennes,

is worth a visit, for some pretty scenery about
the Lac Daumesnil, and also in particular for
the so-called School of Arboriculture, all situated
near the Porte Picpus, through which a tram
runs from the Flace de la Bastille. It may also
be reached by rail from the same point. The
School of Arboriculture is well worth attention,

278

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 7, 1889.

though it is not quite what would be understood by
the expression in England. It is rather a museum
for living specimens of all the trees, shrubs, and bed-
ding plants that are used in the parks and squares.
In this it carries out a good idea. There is a section
respectively for Conifene, herbaceous plants, trees,
shrubs, and bedding-out plants. In addition, there
is a walled garden, which contains collections of fruit
trees, and where also all the forms of training are
exhibited. It is an excellent institution for the
study of gardening material, though I imagine it
cannot at present include quite everything it intends ;
it is young, however, and still in process of forma-
tion. In this neighbourhood, close to the Reuilly
station, convenient for return to the Place de la
Bastille, is one of the interesting establishments of
the great Vilmorin firm. Here they have their
immense seed stores, with splendid machines for
cleaning; and also, behind, a trial ground of great
interest and rich with various novelties. The ex-
hibits of this firm must not be missed in the grounds
of the Trocadero.

Parcs des Bottes Chaumont and Monceau.

Two of the most important Parks do not fall in
well to make a day with any other gardens, but they
should be visited, and may be combined with places
of another kind. These are the Pare des Buttes,
Chaumont, and the Pare Monceau. The former is
of particular interest to landscape gardeners, being
quite unlike anything else, and it may be reached by
tram from Pere Lachaise, if that remarkable city of
the dead should be visited. The Pare Monceau is
one of the best examples of town gardening in Paris ;
one of the prettiest spots. Trams run up from the
Madeleine, and it is not very far from the Arc de
Triomphe. Bedding-out in Paris, so far as I have
seen, shows no distinctly new idea, nor any par-
ticular novelty, as it did some years ago when
shrubby Chrysanthemums were first used.

Paris Markets.
The flower markets of Paris are most conveniently
taken with some of the ordinary sights, or during a
general view of the city. They generally present
something worth observation. The most central is
that held on Wednesdays and Saturdays not far
from Notre Dame, on the side walks of the Quai de
Genres, of the Quai de la Cit<§, and of the Quai aux
Fleurs, as well as on the space known, 1 believe, as
the March<5 aux Fleurs, all running more or less to-
gether. Another is held on Tuesdays and Fridays
around the Madeleine, and is said to form one of the
prettiest sights of Paris. Single Asters (Calli-
stephus), and Echinops, I found here among the cut
flowers not commonly grown for sale. Clethra alni-
folia struck me as unusual. Begonias are exten-
sively used in Paris, and one always called B. casta-
neafolia.but not that botanically known by this name,
is one of the best for pots and beds, branching
copiously, of good habit, and covered with bright red
flowers. Near the Madeleine are the Champs Elysees
and the gardens of the Tuileries, which may be
visited at the same time. R. J. L.

Home Correspondence.

IMPORTATION OF FOREIGN FRUIT.— In opening
a floral and horticultural exhibition at Farnworth,
near Bolton, on Friday, the 24th, J. R. Fletcher!
J.P., of Keisley, said that he had had a very exten-
sive experience of such shows— in fact, at his home
he had about one hundred silver cups, &c, won by
him and his father at various exhibitions of the
kind. He pointed out to his hearers that no fewer
than 3,800,000 bushels of Apples were imported into
this country at a cost of £800,000, and urged upon
every one having the convenience to cultivate the
fruit as much as possible. There were kinds of
fruit, of course, in the cultivation of which they
could not compete with other countries, but in many
kinds of produce, England could be at the head It
was a notable fact that English cattle and horses
were the best that could be had. Why was this?

He attributed it mostly to shows. The farmers went
round and saw better specimens than their own, and
did their best to come up to the standard of what
had been seen. Thus a healthy rivalry was created,
and they got as near perfection as possible. He
advocated a greater cultivation of flower and vege-
table shows throughout the country, so as to en-
courage cottage garden producers especially. ■/. C.,
Bolton.

ECHINOCACTUS PUMILUS, Lemairc. — Reading
the paragraph of "T. S. C.,"p. 240, 1 remembered once
to have read something about the flowering of this
curious species in Forster's Handbook der Cacteenlcunde,
1886, 2ud edit., the translation of which I give in
the following : — " Flowers from June to October,
numerous, out of the thorn-cushion (stachelpolster)
of the top, proportionally rather tall — 9 to 13 mm.
long ; nothing particular, dirty greenish-yellow, and
of a very short duration ; opened just a little or not at
all ! Fruits (berries) as big as a large Pea, greenish ;
seeds easily germinating, even sometimes germinat-
ing inside of the fruits. Seedlings two years old
produce numerous blossoms and fruits." T. C. W. M.

AN EFFECTIVE FLOWER BED.— One of the

pretty beds I have seen of late, consisted simply of
two kinds of foliage plants, and was in the garden of
my neighbour, Mr. Charles Painter, Aldborougli
Hall. The ground work of the bed was Coleus
Verschaffeltii, or probably the improved form of the
same known as Taylor's Pet. Amongst these the
fish-bone Thistle — Chamajpuce cassabonoe — was
planted thinly in designs, with mathematical pre-
cision. The contrast thus afforded, as regards colour,
was charming, whilst the divergence of form in the
two plants was very striking ; whether seen in sun-
shine or in the shades of evening, the effect was
equally good. W. Earley, I/ford,

THE INGATHERING AND STORING OF FRUIT.—
The ingathering of fruit may appear a simple opera-
tion to many, and so it undoubtedly is, so far as just
the picking from the tree is concerned, but to con-
duct it properly requires much care and a consider-
able amount of knowledge of the different sorts, as
some are ready long before others, and the late ripening
kinds cannot well be allowed to hang too long on the
trees, for if plucked before they are ready they are •
sure to shrivel when stored. Some of the first among
Pears that become fit to gather are Dovennfi de Ete,
Citron des Carmes, Jargonelle, and Williams' Bon
Chretien, the three first-named coming in during
July and the first week in August, and the latter
towards the end of the month, as is well known to
most people in cities and towns, who so frequently
hear the cry of " Mellow Pears," " Fine William
Pears," which fruit is then to be seen in plenty on
most coster's barrows. After these are over, then
comes the lull and greater scarcity, as they are suc-
ceeded by varieties that do not bear so freely and are
not so much grown, as they require storing before
being eatable, ripe and fit for the market. The first
of note that needs attention and pulling from the
trees is Beurre d'Amanlis, a large, fine looking, excel-
lent Pear that requires laying by about a week before
being used. Louise Bonne of Jersey closely succeeds,
and very good it is, full of sweetness and juice. The
next and highest in merit for its season, is the
Marie Louise, then Doyenne du Cornice, following
on with Glou Morceau, Josephine de Malines. and
Bergamot Esperen — the last the latest of all. There
are many others of inferior merit, but I leave them,
and it only remains to say a few words on the
picking. This should be done on a dry day, and the
Pears taken in the hand and laid in padded baskets
as gently and carefully as if they were eggs, for if the
least abrasion of the skin takes place, or the slightest
bruise is made, the fruit is at once injured, and will
not keep many days. To prevent pressure on each
other in the basket, only a single layer or so should
be put in, and these carried gently off to the room
where they are to be stored, and there laid on clean
paper in rows and labelled, that they may be watched
and gleaned from as they turn in and become ready
for use. With regard to gathering, it may broadly
and truly be stated that no special time can be fixed, as
seasons, soils, and positions of the trees have so much
to do with ripening, and the exact day or moment
when it should be done can only be found out or
learned by experience, which is the great monitor in
most matters ; but there are two tolerably safe
tests by which one may judge, and they are
the ripeness or forwardness of the pips, which,
when the fruit is fit to pluck, are brown ;
and the other is, the ready way that the

Pears leave the stalk at the joint when gently
lifted and bent upwards, which slight move-
ment will at once cause them to become detached in
the hand. With the early and mid-season Pears, it
is always a good plan to go carefully over the trees
and pluck the most forward-looking, so as to make
two or three gatherings ; and to expedite the ripen-
ing of any of these, it is an easy matter to put a
portion of them into a warm room or cupboard,
which not only brings them on quickly, but improves
the flavour by making the juice sweeter and the
flesh more mellow and soft. Most of the remarks
made above apply equally to Apples, many sorts of
which will now soon be fit for gathering ; but, like
late Pears, the longer late Apples are left to hang on
the trees, the better they are, provided frost does not
come and injure them. The best place for storing
Apples is a dry cellar, as there the temperature is
low and uniform, which is a great point in keeping
the fruit, for the less the heat varies, the fresher
and plumper will it remain till the end. Some
store their Apples on straw, but there is nothing
equal to clean, sweet boards arranged as shelves for
the fruit to lie on, as then there is no taint from
mould, such as straw sometimes imparts ; and another
thing in their storage is that they should never be
laid thickly, but spread out singly with their snouts
upwards, and not moved after till used, as directly
they are housed they begin to sweat, and the exuda-
tions forms a sort of greasy deposit on the skins, and
favours their keeping. ./. Shcppard.

A DESSERT TOMATO. — We have the pleasure
to send you herewith some specimen fruits of a new
Tomato — " Cooper's Luscious " — introduced by us
last year, of which we shall be pleased to have your
opinion. The special merit, as we think, of this
variety is its sweet flavour, which renders it fit to be
used as a dessert fruit. We believe this will be the
parent of a new race of this useful vegetable, but are
anxious to have our opinion on this point confirmed
by a competent authority. Cooper, Taber >y Co.,
Limited. [Very luscious, and pleasant eating. Ed.]

FORCING PEAS.— The season for Peas has been
a very good one in this district so far, although
the mildew caught the midseason varieties. Good
supplies were obtained in June and July, and
now the late crops are coming in. It takes some
amount of forethought to be able to have Peas from
June 12 until Christmas Day, and it does not do to
run away with the notion that favourite varieties are
all that are required ; but a selection must be made
of suitable ones, and that is where practical know-
ledge becomes of value, as there is little done in
gardens in Pea forcing, it not being a very profitable
business ; but a dish of Peas will not fail to please
at Christmas or New Year's Day. The expense is
but small, and if one possesses a Cucumber-house
and shelves around it, Peas can be grown in boxes or
8-inch pots. Sow the seed now in good loam, stand
the boxes, &c, at the foot of a south wall, and when
trost is probable remove them to the house if they
have already germinated. When sown later, place
in the house at once. At that dull time of year the
syringe is not much used, but at no other time must
it be directed on to the Peas for fear of the plants
damping off. American Wonder and Veitch's Little
Gem are the Peas best adapted for forcing. G.
Howes, Morton.

SCIADOPITYS VERTICELLATA.— This tree is per-
fectly hardy in the south-west of Scotland. It grows
very slowly, only averaging 7 or 8 inches a year, but
thrives very well planted in a sheltered situation,
and in peat soil. It forms a beautiful and attractive
object. W. M.

FERROUS SULPHATE, FOR CHLOROSIS OR
"YELLOWS." — I have tried this remedy, as recom-
mended on p. 462 of the Gardeners' Chronicle for
April 13, 1889, in remarks on Sachs' experiments,
by Professor Marshall Ward, and am very much
pleased with the result. Owing to the drainage
being badly laid when one of our Peach-houses was
built, I found it necessary to lift a number of large,
old trees in November, 1887, and put in fresh drain-
age. One of these trees was Princess of Wales
Peach, and which was severely checked and weakened
by being lifted, and early this spring it was badly
affected with chlorosis, or " yellows." I accordingly
removed the soil, about 1 foot in depth, immediately
over its roots, and dissolved § lb. of sulphate of iron
(green vitriol) in water, at the rate of | oz. to 5 pints
of warm water. This was poured over the roots, and
washed in with a plentiful supply of clean water, whilst

September 7, 1889.]

THE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

279

the soil was moist ; the surface soil was then returned
as before ; and in about a fortnight the tree had im-
proved considerably, and is now quite healthy.
)V.H.Bivers,Ketton Hall, Stamford. [We congratulate
you on your enterprise and rejoice at your success. Ed.]

CUT VERBENAS AT FLOWER SHOWS.— At the
larger flower shows held in the West of England,
prizes are still offered for stands of these ; but the
varieties shown are generally of poor quality, and
unworthy of the money prizes offered. The fact is,
the Verbena, as an exhibition subject, and for other
purposes, is a declining flower, and ere long it will be
banished from the flower garden. Now, if compilers
of schedules would offer prizes instead for bunches
of Phlox Drummondii, of which there are now many
fine varieties, and also for bunches of different

The flavour is greatly improved when the fruits are
gathered a couple of days before being quite ripe,
and placed in a dry fruit room to finish. Alexandra
Noblesse is probably one of the best Peaches raised
by Mr. Rivers, and is alike good in and out-of-doors,
and its qualities are too well known to need any
lengthy comment. I do not think ''Enquirer" will
have much reason for regret if he plants the follow-
ing :— Waterloo, Hale's Early, or River's Early York,
and Alexandra Noblesse ; and, for the second house,
Royal George, Grosse Mignonne, or the old Nobless,
Stirling Castle, Bellegarde, Princess of Wales, and
Sea Eagle. H. Markham,

CHRYSANTHEMUM MAXIMUM.— This fine border
plant ripens seed in abundance in my garden, and
the seedlings come up around the parent plant. A

Fig. 42. — dahlia coocinea, hout. : magnified pollen grain op d. mexicana (a) ; d. coccinea (b) •

D. SUPERFLUA (c) ; D. CERVANTESII (d). (SEE P. 274.)

varieties of Sweet Peas, the number having been
considerably augmented of late, the gain would be
very great indeed. Phlox Drummondii and Sweet
Peas are charming subjects for show purposes, and
they have high claims to recognition in schedules of
prizes. S. D.

PEACHES. — I assume " Enquirer," p. 227, means
the Alexander Peach, an American production intro-
t duced by Messrs. Rivers, and which is by many con-
sidered one of the best of the early kinds. But, so
far, I give preference to the Waterloo, as, with us,
the latter grows to a larger size, and crops very
regularly. I have this year taken fruit from a tree,
indoors, which turned the scale at half a pound, and
the tree bore from eight to ten dozen fruit. This
tree was started in the first week of February, and
throughout was subjected to very httle forcing, ex-
cept what was possible by sun beat ; we gathered
ripe; fruit in the last week of May. I find the flesh,
however, is very tender, and requires care in handling.

few which I have allowed to flower, show a good
deal of variation ; some have the ray flowers more
thickly set than others, and some of them more or
less cleft at the end. One seedling is 4 or 5 feet
high, and has trifid rays, the division extending for
half their length. I am not sure that this is any
improvement on the type : but it shows an inclina-
tion to vary, which may lead to ornamental results. I
therefore call attention to it, and intend to save a
large quantity of seed, which I shall be glad to dis-
tribute about the end of September, to any one who
will grow it by way of experiment. The seedlings
are very vigorous from the first, and require no
care, except thinning, so as to give each an oppor-
tunity of growing to flowering size. The plant of
C. latifolium, which produced the very large flowers
figured last year in the Gardeners' Chronicle, is very
slow of increase. The thick and succulent stalks do
not break readily at the base, and stock is not easily
made by division. I am sending specimens of this
year's flowers, showing that they have not degene-

rated. I am afraid they will not ripen seed. C
Wo/ley Bod, Edge Hall, Malpas, August 26.

LILIUM AURATUM.— The accompanying photo-
graph is that of a Lilium auratum which has lately
bloomed in my garden. In the summer of 1888 the
bulb (supplied by Messrs. Carter & Co.), planted in
a made soil of peat-earth and sand, produced twelve
blooms. In the latter part of October of the same
year it was transplanted in similar soil, and this
summer has produced the remarkable number of
seventy-three blooms on one stem, all of which were
fully open at once. They averaged from 6i to
8h inches across; the flower-spike was 21 inches in
height and 41 in circumference at the base. The
stem is 6 feet 3 inches in height, and flattened at
the top to a width of 2 inches. The Lily has been
an object of interest in the neighbourhood, and I
think these details may perhaps not be uninteresting
to your readers. J. Camphill, Fortingall, near Aber-
feldy, N.B. [We have often seen even more flowers on
such spikes. Ed.]

STRAWBERRY BRITISH QUEEN.— I am glad to
see this good old Strawberry so favourably noticed,
as unquestionably it is still the best. Here we only
cultivate others that come in before it or after it,
which is done so as to prolong the season ; as when
British Queens can be had, it is useless to put inferior
kinds on the table with them, or give them by
way of change, as no one who is a judge of fruit
would care to eat them after tasting the Queens.
Nearly the whole of our plants for forcing are of this
last-named variety, and quite three-parts of those
outdoors ; but we have them there a yard apart in
the rows, which is quite near enough to get the fruit
properly ripened and coloured. As to the Queen
not doing in light soil, I am of opinion that a light
soil is rather in its favour than otherwise ; but plants
must have depth for their roots to strike down, or
they suffer from mildew. The way to manage is to
break up the ground by trenching, and while this
operation is going on, a heavy dressing of manure
should be worked in below, and before planting it is
necessary to tread the ground firm. One of the
reasons — and that, perhaps, the chief one — why we
succeed so well with the British Queen outdoors is,
that we always plant our forced plants, and never
keep our beds longer than the third year, or allow a
runner or old outer leaves to be left on when the fruit
is gathered, as directly this is gathered a clearance is
made, and the plants are then fully exposed to the
sunlight and air, which enables them to develop and
ripen their crowns. For forcing, we layer right into
the fruiting pots at once, and this has a double
advantage, as time and labour are saved, and the
runners can be left much longer drawing on the
parent plants, which helps to get them stronger
than they would be if severed at an earlier date.
I find that my friend Mr. Wallis, of Orwell Park,
Gardens, adopts the same system, and no one
grows better Queens than he, and, except for
preserving, I do not think he has any other kind
on the place, as he begins gathering Queens in
March, and goes on with his potted plants till they are
ripe in the open. ./. Shcppard, Woolverstone Park.

IRIS BORNMUELLERI (Hausshiecht) is the name
of a most beautiful new Iris, now shipped from
Armenia to be introduced to our gardens. It is of
the reticulata shape, the flowers smaller, but their
small size is amply compensated by their brilliant
deep golden-yellow colour. It occurs and flowers
near the melting snow, and therefore promises to be
a very early spring-flowering plant. The same ship-
ment contains a magnificent variety of I. persica, of
a bright deep purple colour ; and also of I. lupina.
the flowers of which resemble somewhat those of Iris
iberica, but have the colour of a wolf's fur. Max
Leichtlin, Baden-Baden.

HOLLYHOCK DISEASE— This seems to be viru-
lent among Hollyhocks in our district, and it is
much to be feared that these plants will go out of
cultivation, as attempts to grow them in a satisfac-
tory condition fail. I should like to hear of a
remedy which is of easy application, and sa would
almost everyone who has a garden, that he might
be able to save the Hollyhock from annihilation.
If the disease is fostered and propagated by the
wild Mallow, it ought not to be difficult to exter-
minate that weed in counties where it is found, as
it is never seen in any great quantity, and if at the
same time the growing of Hollyhocks ceased in the
same parts, the Puccinia would have nothing to live
on, unless it attached itself to some other plant.

280

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 7, 18S9.

This it is not supposed to do, but only to attack and
lire on the Mallow family ; bnt how these fungi
spread is a mystery. J. S.

Societies.

READING HORTICULTURAL.

Atjo. 28. — A very good show indeed, all round,
was the verdict generally passed by visitors to what
is generally known as the autumn show, held in the
Abbey ruins on the above date. It was the most
extensive display of fruit seen at Heading for years ;
.and the vegetables were of fine quality. The For-
bury Garden was a delightful extra-display to the
exhibition ; the flower beds are at their best, and
the condition of the gardens is highly creditable to
Mr. Geo. Phippen, of Reading, who has charge of
•them.

Plants, 6,-c. — In the class for six stove and green-
house, Mr. A. Aitken, gr. to Major Macking, Ritch-
ings Park, Slough, a new exhibitor, was 1st, with a
very nice fresh lot of plants in good condition, which
included a fine piece of Lagerstroemia indica, Alla-
mandas grandiflora and Hendersoni, Eucharis ama-
zonica, Bougainvillea glabra, Dipladenia insignis,
and Ixora Williamsii.

The best four came from Mr. Baskett, gr. to W.
J. Palmer, Esq., Reading. The best specimen plant
was a very fine Encharis ama/.onica, from Mr.
Butcher, gr. to G. Palmer, Esq., Reading. The best
new or rare plant was Phrynium variegatum, from
Mr. J. F. Mould.

Some fairly good Achimenes were here shown by
Mr. Woolford, gr. to A. Palmer, Esq., Reading, and
Messrs. Dockerill. Fuchsias were very much better
than we have seen them at Reading for years, free,
luxuriant, large size, and admirably-bloomed plants
of good varieties. Mr. Bright was 1st. Mr. Bright
also had the best four in the amateur class.
Balsams were fairly good. Mr. T. Lockie, The
Gardens, Oakley Court, Windsor, was 1st, with six
superb Giant Purple Cockscombs.

Mr. Butcher staged a very good group of six
Liliums of the L. speciosum type.

Bedding Pelargoniums in sixes were very numerous,
Mr. Aitken being 1st with a very fine lot.

Tuberous-rooted Begonias were very good indeed ;
a half-dozen of highly creditable plants won the 1st
prize for Mr. Dockerill.

In the class for groups covering a space of 120
feet, Mr. Woolford was 1st with an elegant arrange-
ment. In the case of the smaller group, filling a
space of twenty-four feet, Mr. Currey, gr. to
Col. Pepper, was 1st.

The best six variegated foliage plants came from
Mr. Wills, gr. to Mrs. Pearce, Bassett, Southamp-
ton, who had Crotons Johannis, Warrenii, and Dis-
raeli, Cycas circinalis, and Latania borbonica in fine
condition.

Mr. Currey had the best four specimens in Cycas
circinalis, Croton Prince of Wales, Latania bor-
bonica, and Dasylirion crotrichum.

Mr. Aitken had the best six stove and greenhouse
Ferns, staging Davallia fijiensis plumosa, Gymno-
gramma Pearcei robusta (very elegant), G. peruviana
argyrophylla, Pteris scaberula, Davallia Mooreana,
and Adiantum Lathomi.

Mr. Woolford had the best four, in Adiantum Far-
leyense, Microlepia hirta cristata, Lomaria gibba
platyptera, and Davallia Mooreana.

Lycopods were very finely shown by Messrs.
Dockerill and Mayne, grs. to Lord Saye and Sele,
Reading. Palms were represented by three capital
specimens from Mr. Wills, viz., Kentia Belmoreana,
K. Fosteriana, and Areca lutescens.

Out Flowers. — Mr. John Walker. Thame, had the
best eighteen Dahlias — a very good lot indeed.
Messrs. J. Cheal & Sons, nurserymen, Crowley, had
the best twelve bunches admirably set up, and in-
cluding such varieties as Victoria, W. C. Harvey,
Miss Roberts, Miss Linnaker, Lady Montefiore, and
Duchess of Westminster.

In the amateurs' class, Mr. Wheeler, Henley, had
the best twelve blooms of show varieties.

Messrs. J. Jefferies & Sons, nurserymen, Ciren-
cester, had the best eighteen Poses, showing some
very good blooms indeed.

In the amateurs' class, Mr. Turton, gr. to .1. Har-
greaves, Esq., Maiden Earleigh, was 1st. Phloxes,
German and French Asters, (iladioli, double Zinnias,
&c, were all very good.

In the class for six blooms of any variety of Rose,
MeBBre. J. Jefferies & Son, were let, with Mrs. J.

Laing, admirably shown. Mr. G. Phippen, nursery-
man, Reading, had the best eighteen varieties of cut
flowers, a grand lot.

In the amateurs' class, Mr. Durman, gr. to J. W.
Workman, Esq., Reading, had the best six bunches of
hardy flowers.

Of miscellaneous contributions, a large collection
of Lilies, &c, was staged by Messrs. Oakshott &
Millard, seedsmen, Reading; a box of beautiful
double and single Begonias, by Mr. R. Owen, Castle
Hill Nursery, Maidenhead ; and hardy cut flowers,
from Mr. T. Such, nurseryman, Maidenhead.

Fruit. — Such an extensive and fine display of fruit
had not been seen at Reading for years ; and in
every class except that for Apricots, in which only
one dish was shown, there was a very keen com-
petition. The best collection of eight dishes came
from Mr. Ashby, gr. to Mrs. Fanning, Whitchurch,
who had Black Hamburgh and Muscat of Alexandria
Grapes, Royal George Peaches, Elruge Nectarines,
White Ischia Figs, Prince of Wales Plum — scarcely a
dessert variety ; and Morello Cherries.

In the class for six dishes there was also a close
competition. Here Mr. H. Cakebread, gr. to Sir P.
Rose, Bart., Raynor's, Penn, was 1st, with Alicante
and Muscat of Alexandria Grapes, both very fine ;
Queen Pine, Washington Plum, and Morello
Cherries.

Seven competitors appeared in the class for three
bunches of Black Hamburgh Grapes. — Mr. J. Lane,
gr. to Miss J. D. Smith, Ascot, being 1st with large
and finely finished bunches.

In the class for three bunches of any other black,
Alicante and Madresfield Court were shown. Mr.
Waite, gr. to the Hon. Col. Talbot, Glenhurst,
Esher, was 1st with very fine bunches of Alicante.
Mr. Lane had the best three bunches of White
Muscats ; and in the class for any other white, Mr.
Ashman, gr. to F. Crew, Esq., Billingbear Park,
Ascot, was 1st with very fine Buckland Sweetwater.

Peaches were remarkably fine, and eleven dishes of
six fruits competed. Mr. W. Lees, gr. to Mrs. Mars-
land, White Knights, Reading, was 1st with remark-
ably fine Teton de Venus. Mr. Pound, gr. to G. May,
Esq., Caversham, had the best Nectarines, showing
very fine Pine-apple. Apricots were represented by
Moor Park. The best Figs were White Ischia and
Brown Turkey. Plums were largely and finely
shown ; the best three dishes came from Mr. Cox, of
Park, who had Washington, Kirk's, and Pond's
Seedling, all very fine.

Mr. Paston, gr. to the Hon. C. S. Irby, Taplow,
had the best six dishes of dessert Apples, having
Strawberry Pippins, Irish Peach, Blenheim Orange,
Worcester Pearmain, and Duchess of Oldenburgh.

Mr. Webb, Benham, had the best six dishes of
culinary Apples, staging grand examples of Eclin-
ville, Wellington, Gravenstein, Stirling Castle,
Warner's King, and Cox's Pomona.

Mr. Goodman had the best four dishes of dessert
Pears, staging very good fruit of Clapp's Favourite,
Souvenir du Congres, Bergamot, and Bon Chretien.
Stewing Pears were also well shown by Messrs.
Paxton and Goodman.

Vegetables. — Of these there was a fine display, and
notice of a few of the leading classes only can be
given. Messrs. Carter & Co. offered special prizes
for nine dishes of vegetables, and Mr. Lye, gr. to
W. H. K. Kingsmill, Esq., Sydmonton Court, New-
bury, was 1st, with a superb lot. The best collec-
tion of six dishes in competition for Messrs. Webb
& Sons' special prizes came from Mr. Kneller, gr.
to W. S. Portall, Esq., Malshanger, Basingstoke.
Mr. Parker, Southern Hill, was the only competitor
in Mr. C. Fidler's class, for six kinds of vegetables,
shown by cottagers, and was awarded the 1st prize.
Mr. Pope, The Gardens, Highclere, Newbury, was
1st, with six dishes of vegetables (open to gardeners,
the prizes offered by Mr. Fidler). The best brace of
Phippen's Improved Telegraph Cucumbers came from
Mr. T. Lockie, Oakley Court. The special prizes
offered by Mr. Phippen were, however, absurdly high
in comparison with others. Messrs. Oakshott and
Millard's leading special prize for nine dishes of
Potatos was won by Mr. Lye, Sydmonton Court,
who had superb examples of Purple Perfection,
Reading Giant, Satisfaction, the Magistrate, King
of Kussetts, Chancellor, Prime Minister, and Reading
Perfection. Mr. Pope won Messrs. Oakshott and
Millard's leading special prize for nine dishes of
vegetables. These special prizes for six dishes of
vegetables, shown by cottagers, were won by Messrs.
Chamberlain and Few.

Of miscellaneous exhibits, a remarkable collection
of fruit came from Messrs. Thomas Rivers & Son,
nurserymen, Sawbridgeworth. This included trees

in fruit and pot Vines, and many dishes of
their new varieties of Peaches, Nectarines, Cherries
Plums, Apples, Pears, &c. — a highly meritorious
contribution.

HARPENDEN HORTICULTURAL.

August 28. — Favoured with sunny weather, the
eleventh annual show of this Society, held in Rothara-
sted Park, the seat of Sir J. B. Lawes, Bart., the Presi-
dent, was a decided success, both in the number of
entries received, the quality of the exhibits staged,
and the visitors who passed the entrance-gates.

Plants. — For four stove and greenhouse plants in
flower, distinct, there were three exhibitors, the pre-
mier honours going to Mr. J. Turk, gr. to P. Bosan-
quet. Esq., Pondfield, Little Berkhamsted, comprising
Cassia corymbosa, Lapageria rosea, L. alba, and
Bougainvillea glabra.

The centre of the largest tent was occupied by
foliage plants, 1st prize going to Mr. T. Nutting for
a grand and effective lot of six plants, which con-
sisted of Croton Queen Victoria, C. Princess of
Wales, Areca lutescens, A. Verschaffeltii, Dicksonia
antarctica, and Dasylirion acrotrichum. With
regard to the Areca lutescens, it was a truly mag-
nificent plant, and thought to be the finest specimen
of its kind in the kingdom. It stood in a tub 2 feet
across, had ten stems, the tallest being 16 feet high,
and seventy fronds which expanded tc- a distance of
15 feet. In this class the 2nd prize was secured by
Mr. J. Turk for capital examples of Pandanus utilis,
Croton Youngii, C. majesticua, C. undulatus, La-
tania borbonica, and Seaforthia elegans.

There was a good show of single and double zonal
Pelargoniums, but the Begonias were scarcely up to
the standard of excellence. In the exotic Fern
competition, Mr. A. Sconce, gr. to J. S. Hill, Esq.,
Hawkswick, St. Albans, was awarded 1st place for
meritorious plants of Gymnogramma chrysophylla,
Microlepia hirta cristata, Adiantum Williamsii, A.
Farleyense, Platycerium alcicorne, and Davallia
Mooreana.

The Coleus collection contained an admirable lot
from P. Bosanquet, Esq., Little Berkamsted, which
attracted considerable attention, and had no difficulty
in winning 1st prize — they were Duchess of Mont-
mart, Ernest, Her Majesty, Mrs. George Simpson,
Butterfly, and Pompadour.

Groups Jor Effect. — In this competition a departure
was made from previous years, the groups being
arranged on the ground instead of on a platform, and
the result was a decided improvement in the general
appearance of the exhibits.

Mr. T. Nutting staged a pretty, and tastefully |
arranged collection, which was worthily awarded
premier place, and consisted of a groundwork of
Maidenhair Ferns, ornamental plants of Panax, Pan- i
danus, Coleus, intermixed with small Crotons ; and
a border of Isolepsis gracilis. From this ground-
work sprang Areca lutescens, Kentia Fosteriana,
Cocos Palms, Cannas, Liliums, Dracamas, Gladioli
(The Bride), and Begonias.

Facing the entrance to the largest tent was a
beautiful non-competing group from the conserva-
tories of Sir J. B. Lawes, Rothamsted (gr., Mr. W.
Olver. In the background were fine specimens of
Campanulas, with a capital assortment of foliage and
flowering plants, including some noteworthy Glox-
inias, Begonias, Liliums, Fuchsias, Vincas, and
Ferns.

Cut Flowers. — In the class for forty-eight Roses,
distinct, there was but one exhibitor, Messrs. G. Paul
& Son, of the Old Nurseries, Cheshunt, showing a
stand of blooms, that would have been hard to beat
at any season.

For twelve Tea Roses: 1st, Messrs. G. Paul &'
Son, with a charming lot.

Dahlias were less numerously shown than is usual
by this Society. In the class for twenty-four blooms,
.Messrs. G. Paul & Son exhibited a superb stand.

For twelve Dahlias, distinct, Mr. G. Arnold,
Leighton Buzzard, the well-known amateur grower
of that district, was a good 1st, with charming
blooms of Mrs. Gladstone, John Henshaw, Clara,
Fanny Stuart. Maurice, Josenh Ashby, Mrs. Theobald,
Mr. Harris, J. T. West, Prince of Denmark, Colonist
and Herbert Picton.

Pompon and single Dahlias were a grand feature
in the exhibition, several capital stands being »"t up
for competition. Those of Mr. John Henshaw, of
Harpenden, who worthily carried off premier honours,
were remarkable for symmetry and beauty.

A keen contest was also experienced in the hardy
herbaceous cut flowers, which are undoubtedly gain-
ing in popularity year by year.

September 7. 1SS9.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

281

Messrs Paul & Son, the Old Nurseries, Ches-
hunt, and Messrs. W. Paul & Sons, Waltham Cross,
both contributed, not for competition, a splendid
•collection of cut flowers, which were the admiration
of all visitors. In Messrs. Paul's exhibit we
noticed several new single Dahlias, including W. C.
Harvey, Ruby, Winifred, Mrs. Whitfield, Mrs.
Gordon', and Aurora; Pompon Dahlias of great
merit, Cactus Dahlias, Roses, and hardy herbaceous
flowers of everv imaginable hue, the beauty of the
flowers and their artistic arrangement proving a
great acquisition to the show.

No less charming was the superb collection of
Messrs. W. Paul, which contained immense baskets
of choice Roses ; interspersed among which were her-
baceous cut flowers. Ferns, Phlox, Cactus Dahlias,
show and fancy Dahlias of most brilliant colours,
single and Pompon Dahlias, Gladioli, and Hydrangea
paniculata.

Fruit was well 6hown both in the collection of
eight dishes (distinct), and in the individual kinds.
In the collection, Mr. T. Nutting, was 1st, with
Muscat of Alexandria and Black Hamburgh Grapes,
Sutton's Invincible Melon, Green Gage Plums, Pine-
apple Nectarines, Brunswick Figs, Florence Cherries,
and Royal George Peaches.

For two bunches of Black Grapes, Mr. F. Faint,
gr. to R. Hoare, Esq., Marden Hill, Hertford, had no
difficulty in securing 1st place.

Melons. — Several competitors entered the list for
Melons, but an example of Masterpiece, a fruit of ex-
quisite flavour, was far ahead of all others, and was
shown by Mr. C. Sibley, gr. to H. T. Hodgson, Esq.,
Harpenden.

Messrs. Lane, of Berkhamsted, contributed a
choice collection of fruit, not for competition, which
comprised four varieties of Grapes, ten varieties of
Plums, seventeen of Apples, besides various Nuts.

Vegetables were an exhibition in themselves, of
fine quality in all departments. J. J. Willis.

ROYAL OXFORDSHIRE HORTICUL-
TURAL.

August 29. — The third exhibition of this Society
took place within the quadrangle of Queen's College,
the plants and cut flowers being placed upon tables
staged under the colonnade, the vegetables finding
places on tables along the sides of the walks which
intersect the grassy lawn. The weather was delight-
ful, and there was a good attendance.

The principal exhibitors of plants were Mr. G.
Jacob, nurseryman, Witney ; Mr. C. Jacob, nursery-
man, Headington ; Mr. C. T. Hawkins, Summer-
town ; the Rev. the Warden of Wadham ; Mr. J.
Walker, nurseryman, Thame ; Mr. J. Mattock, nur-
seryman, Headington ; Mr. T. Anstiss, Brill ; and
G. H. Morrell, Esq.

Mr. G. Jacob had the best six stove and green-
house plants, and the best specimen stove plant in
flower was Stephanotis floribunda, from Mr. C. T.
Hawkins ; the best specimen greenhouse, a very fine
piece of Valotta purpurea, from Mr. T. Anstiss ; the
best foliaged plant — Dracaena Massangeana or, more
properly, fragrans variegata — from Mr. C. Jacobs ; the
best specimen hardy plant, a very fine Statice in-
cana, from Mr. R. Price, of Headington. The
Warden of Wadham was 1st with six well-grown and
flowered Fuchsias ; Mr. John Walker had some
capital zonal Pelargoniums, and Mr. J. Mattock,
good Tuberous-rooted Begonias. Cut flowers were
very bright. Mr. J. Walker had the best twenty-
four bouquets, and he was 1st with twenty-four and
eighteen show Dahlias and nine fancies. Cactus and
single Dahlias were also in good form. Messrs.
Mattock and Saunders had the best Roses. Asters,
quilled and flat-petalled Zinnias, Gladioli, and peren-
nials in bunches, were all very good.

Fruit was somewhat sparingly shown, but Grapes,
Peaches, Nectarines, Plums, &c, were all in good
condition, and fairly numerous. The best collection
of six dishes of fruit grown in the open air, for
which handsome special prizes were awarded, came
from the gardens of Sir Wm. Throckmorton, Bart.

•Vegetables were remaikably fine, Potatos espe-
cially being a leading feature. The following
varieties were conspicuous bv reason of their high
quality : — Reading Russett, Vicar of Laleham,' The
Dean, Mr. Breesee, Schoolmaster, Snowdrop, Chan-
cellor, London Hero, and Reading Giant. Some
excellent pods of the fine old Jeyes' Conqueror or
Ne Plus Ultra Pea were shown.

Among miscellaneous exhibits were stands of cut
Dahlias from Messrs. J. Cheal & Sons, Crawley, and
Mr. J. Mattock.

SCOTTISH HORTICULTURAL

ASSOCIATION.

The ordinary monthly meeting of this Association
was held on the 3rd inst., in 5, St. Andrew Square,
Edinburgh. Mr. Robert Morrison, Vice-President
in the chair. A paper entitled " A Gardeners' Edu-
cation," by Mr. John Wilson, B.Sc, St. Andrews
University, was read by Mr. McKenzie, Treasurer of
the Association. The paper recommended gardeners
to acquire a thorough and full knowledge of the
several arts and sciences that bear upon the various
branches of horticulture. Particular emphasis was
laid by the writer on the importance of young
gardeners acquiring a mastery of the use of
the tools and implements employed in gardening,
and a complete knowledge of all manual operations
and practical management.

Exhibits on the table were as follows: — Samples
of a new garden Beet, from Mr. McCombie, Mitford
Hall. Morpeth, which the adjudicating committee
considered possessed no qualities superior to other
varieties in cultivation, but recommended Mr.
McCombie to submit samples of it later in the
season, when it had attained maturity. A white
seedling Carnation, unnamed, of very superior form,
substance, aDd purity of colour, and a crimson-edged
Picotee, of first-rate quality, from Mr. Henry Rey-
nard, The Gardens, Arden Clutha, Hamilton, to
both of which the Association's First-class Certificate
was awarded. Adiantum Flemingii compactum,
and Tropseolum Vesuvius floribunda (!) from Messrs.
T. Methven & Sons — the latter a very pro-
fuse bloomer, with the habit and colour of the
type, was much admired ; and the former was
awarded a First-class Certificate. Mr. Robert Bell,
Baron's Court, Ireland, sent a twin Cucumber
about 20 inches long, united, in perfect symmetry,
from stalk to apex — a curious but not unusual
instance of " syncarpy " in the Cucumber.

The Weather.

[Bv the term "accumulated temperature" is meant a figure
representing the aggregate amount, as well as the dura-
tion, of the excess or defect •>( temperature above or below
42° Fahr. for the period named ; and this combined result
is explained in Day-degrees— a "Day-degree" signifying
1° continued for twenty-f><ur hours, or any other number
of degrees for an inversely proportional number of hours.]

Temperature.

Rainfall.

Bright
Sun.

-^ a
1 a .

Accumulated

5 _

8
a
'3

a, ^

cr.

js a

4>
O

a a) . a v

S H

T i-CQ

TO a>

>
o

.S
<

o-8

»a «

O U
■5*3

■4

■° Si
Is

±1

3 a

H
'3

° %.

V o
be—

f-s

a a
- o

Day-
<ieg.

Day-
dug.

Day-

deg.

Day-
deg.

lOths
Inch.

In.

1 +

+ 198

+ 4

2 +

161

26.8

1 +

+ 40

4- 5

4 —

133

18.3

1 +

109

+ 31

+ 7

4 -

122

16.5

0 av.

125

0+ 112

1 +

127

17.9

1 +

123

— 4+60

5 —

118

20.0

1 +

132

+ 38

+ 75

4 —

123

16.4

Oav.

+ 65

— 23

3 —

139

26.9

1 —

109

+ 58

— 1

7 —

126

20.4

1 +

131

— 45

4- 88

8 —

126

22. ft

Oav.

104

+ 16

- 53

1 —

154

25.4

Oav.

111

- 11

- 14

6 —

137

21.7

Oav.

131

+ 83

— lb

4 —

133

17.3

England, but less settled over Ireland and Scotland,
where rain has fallen occasionally. At the end of
the period severe thunderstorms were experienced
over England, and also at some of the Irish stations.

" The temperature has been considerably higher
than of late ; it has exceeded the mean in most parts
of Great Britain, and just equalled it in Ireland. The
highest of the maxima, which were registered on
August 30, ranged from 70° to 73° over Scotland,
from 72° to 73° in Ireland, and from 73° to 83° over
England. The lowest of the minima, which were
recorded on somewhat irregular dates, varied from
35° in ' Scotland, E.,' 37° in ' Scotland, W.,' and 38°
in 'Ireland, N.,' to 44° in 'England, N.E.' and 47°
in the ' Channel Islands.' During the greater part
of the period the minima were high for the time of
year.

" Rainfall has been rather more than the mean in
Scotland, N.,' and ' England, E.,' but less in all other
districts. At most of the English stations the weather
was rainless until the morning of September 2.

" Bright sunshine shows an increase, especially over
England. The percentage of the possible amount of
duration ranged from 19 to 27 in the west and north,
to 53 in ' England, S.,' 60 in the ' Channel Islands,'
and 63 in ' England, E.' "

Til* distriafea indicated by number in the first column ara
the following : —

Principal Wheat-producing Districts — 1, Scotland, N. ;
2, Scotland. E. ; 3, England, N.E. ; 4, England, E. ;
5, Midland Counties; 6, Englaod, S.
Principal Grazing, lye. Districts — 7, Scotland, W. ; s.
England, N.W.; 9, England. S.W. ; 10, Ireland, N. ;
11. Ireland. S. ; 12. Channel Islands.

TnE PAST WEEK.

The following summary record of the weather for
the week ending September 2, is furnished from the
Meteorological Office : —

" The weather has been fine and dry generally over

Markets.

COVENT GARDEN, September 5.

Market still quiet. Prices remain the same as
last week. James Webber, Wholesale Apple Market.

Fruit.— Averase Wholesale Prices.

Apples, §-sieve
Filberts," per lb. .
Grapes, per lb.
Lemons, per ease ,

d. s.d.

. 1

6-5 6

. 0

10- ...

. u

6-2 6

.12

0-21 0

s. d. s. d.

Peaches, per doz. ... 2 0-80

Pine-apples, Eng.. lb. 16-30

— St. Michael, each 2 0- 6 «>

Plums, i-sieve ... 2 6-50

Vegetables.— Average Retail Prices,
s. d. s. d.
Beans, Fr., per lb. ... 0 4- ...
Beet, red, per dozen 10-20
Carrots, per bunch... 0 6- ...
Cauliflowers, each ... 0 3- ...
Celery, per bundle ... 1 6- 2 0

Cucumbers, each
Endive, per dozen ..
Green Mint, bunch..
Herbs, per bunch ..
Leeks, per bunch

0 6-09

2 0- ...

0 4- ...

0 3- ...

Lettuce, per dozen... 1 6-

Mushrooms, punnet 1
Mustard and Cress,

punnet

Onions, per bunch ..
Parsley, per bunch.,
Peas, per quart
Shallots, per lb.
Spinach, per bushel.
Tomatos, per lb. „
Turnips, per bunch,

new 0

d. t. d.
6- ...

4- ...

5- ...
4- ...
3- ...

6- ...

Potatos.— No improvement in trade. Great difficulty experi-
enced in obtaining really good samples. Beauties, Sjs. to
80s.; Regents, 80s. to 100s.; Magnums, 60s. to 70s.
Market flat.

pt.ants ln Pots.— Average Wholesale Prices.

s.d. s.d.
Ficus elastics, each , 18-! 0
Fuchsias, dozen ... 3 0- 6 0
Hydrangea, per doz. 9 0-18 0
Lilium lancifolium,

per dozen 12 0-24 0

— auratum, doz 12 0-30 0

Lobelias, dozen ... 3 0- 5 0
Marguerites, doz. ... 6 0-12 0
Miguonette, do^. ... 3 0- 15 0
Musk, dozen ... 2 0- 4 0

Nasturtiums, doz. ... 3 0-50
Palms in var., each 2 6-21 0
Pelargoniums, per

dozen 6 0-12 0

— Ivy-Leafed, doz. 3 0-40

— scarlet, doz. ... 2 0- 4 0
Solanums, per dozen 6 0-12 0

e Wholesale Prices.

Aralia Sieboldi. doz. 6
Asters, per dozen ... 3
Balsams, doz. ... 2
Begonias, dozeu ... 4
Calceolarias, dozen 4
Cockscombs, doz. ... 3
Cyperus, per dozen . 4
Draceens terminalis,
per dozen 30

— viridis, per doz. 12
Euonymus, in var.,

per dozen

Evergreens, in var.,

per dozen 6

Ferns, in var., doz. 4
Foliage plants, vari-
ous, each 2

Cut Flowers. -

Abutilons, 12 bun. ... 2

Asters, Fr., per bun. 0

— English, per bun. 2
Bouvardias, per bun. 0
Carnations, 12 bun.

— 12 blooms
Chrysanth., 12 bun.
Chrysauth., 12 blnis.
Coreopsis, 12 bun.
Cornflowers. 12 bun.
Dahlias, 12 bun. ...
Eucnaris, per dozen 2
Gaillardias, 12bjn. 2
Uardeuiat), 12 blooms 2
Gladioli, 12 bun. ... 6

— 12 sprays ... 1
Heliotropes, 12 spr. 0
Lavender, 12 bun. ... 3
Lilium, various, 12

blooms 1

Marguerites, 12 bun. A

Orchid bloom

d. s.d.
0-18 0
0- 6 0
0-5 0
0-12 0
0-9 0
0-6 0
0-12 0

0-60 0
0-24 0

6 0-18 0

0-24 0

0-18 U

0-10 0
■AVERAG

d.s.d. j
0-4 0
9- 1 6
0-4 0
6-0 9
0-6 0
0-3 0
0-9 0
6-3 0
u-3 0
0-3 0

(r-til)

0-4 0
0-4 0
0-4 0
0-12 0
0-16
6- 1 0
6-6 0

*. d. s. d.

0- -r» 0
O- 6 0 I

Maiden Hair Fern,

12 bun 4

Mignonette. 12 bun. 1
Pansies, 12 bun. ... 1
Pelargoniums, 12 spr. 0

— scarlet, 12spr..„ 0
Pinks (var.), 12 buu. 2
Primulas, double, 12

sprays 0

Roses, Tea, per doz. 0

— coloured, dozen. 2

— red, perdozen ... 0

— Safrano, dozen... 0
Stephanotis, 12 spr. 2
Stock, U bunches ... 3
Sunflowers, various,

per 12 bun. ... 3

Sweet Sultau, 12 buu. 3
Sweet Peas. 12 bun 2
lajerosej, U biuis.... 0

0-9 0
0-4 0
0-2 0
6-10
3- 0 6
0-4 0

9- 1 0
6-16
0-4 0
4-10
6- 1 0
0-4 0
0-6 0

0-6 0
0-4 0
.- 1 J
4-10

ariefcy, fairly good suppty.

SEEDS.

London: Sept. 4.— Messrs. John Shaw & Sons,
seed merchants, oi37, Mark Lane, E.C., write that
orders for Trifolium still come to hand ; stocks hav«

282

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 7, 1889,

now got into narrow compass. For winter Tares and
Eye there is a small sale at the low rates current.
Some more samples of new white and red Clover-
seed are to hand, hut values are not yet definitely
fixed. There has been a little business doing in Tre-
foil and Italian Ryegrass. In Kapeseed the tendency
is upwards. There is no change in Mustard. Blue
Peas are still a slow trade. In birdseeds there is no
quotable variation.

HENRY Shaw, a well-known philanthropist of
St. Louis, and creator of the famous botanical gar-
dens which bear his name, and of the School of
Botany presided over by Professor Trelease, died on
August 26 in that city, aged ninety years. It was
through his munificence that the works of the late
Dr. Engelmann were collected and issued in a sepa-
rate form. Agave Shawii and other plants will
serve to commemorate him.

Enquiries.

" He that questioneth much shall learn much."— Bacon.

Diseased Poinsettias. — Can any of our readers
give a clue to the malady affecting the Poinsettias of
" E. T.," as described in the following note: — "I
would be extremely obliged to you if you could
enlighten me as to the cause of Poinsettias losing
their roots at this time of year. I have tried
them in good loam, sand, and leaf- mould, also in
good peat and loam ; have grown them in an interme-
diate-house, also in a cool-house, in different batches;
never exposed them to droughts ; been most careful
as to watering, using pure water, or just coloured with
liquid-manure. They do well until August, but as
soon as the roots touch the sides of the pot they
gradually turn black, the plants lose their leaves,
and the" bracts are worthless. I have tried them
from other places, but the results are the same. I am
thinking of planting them out at this stage. An
answer through your Notices to Correspondents
would much oblige."

Notices to Correspondents.

Aspasia lunata : M. N. Grow in shallow baskets in
sphagnum moss, suspended from the roof, afford-
ing the plant plenty of water when growing,
and shade in bright weather. It flowers in
February. After growth is finished, a good period
of rest is necessary, and during which scarcely any
water is needed. In fact, the treatment afforded
Stanhopeas suits the plant.

Books : Bkitish Wild Flowers. ./. P. British
Flora (Bentham & Hooker), L. Rteve & Co.,
5, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, W.C. Illus-
trations of the British Flora, L. Reeve & Co.

Bugs in Bothy : J. L. Try what washing floors,
walls, &c, repeatedly with carbolic acid in water
will do. If it do not kill them all, it will tend to
drive them away.

Calvary Clover : Trifoliuin. By this term is gener-
ally understood Medicago echinus. It is so named
because the fruit is covered with thorns, and sug-
gests the " crown of thorns."

Carnation Seedling : Bclinout. A very regular
flower, quite up to the florists' standard, and clove-
scented. It is worth preserving.

Clubbing in Brassice : J. D. If the clubbing be
due to the presence of the larva of Curculio con-
tractus, or of Anthomyia radicum, or root-eating
fly — which may readily be ascertained — dressings
of soot, salt, and gas-lime, are useful deterrents.
Dipping the roots of the young plauts into a
puddle of clay, soot, and wood-ashes, is beneficial.
When clubbing is caused by a fungus it is more
difficult to eradicate.

Excefhalaetos : A Gardener. This — or more pro-
perly, Zamia horrida — is now in fruit in the Glas-
gow Botanic Garden, and probably has fruited
elsewhere.

Euphorbia : H. M. should see his doctor. General
treatment is all that is required — rest, cold appli-
cations, abstinence from stimulants, &c.

Fuchsia: C. A. S. The seed-vessel is absent, the

sepals are leafy, and there are sundry other
changes, such as are often met with in Fuchsias.

Insects : A. S. Your Ferns are attacked by the
small green caterpillars, not of a moth, but of a
sawfly, with four clear wings. They will soon
form their small oval cocoons, which must he care-
fully looked for and destroyed. The perfect insect
will probably not appear till next spring. I. 0. W.

Names of Plants: G. L. 1, Saxifraga trifurcata ;
7, S. hypnoides var. leptophylla; 8, S. hypnoides ;
9, S. Hostii. — Veronica. Ly thrum Salicaiia. — W.
T. H. Matricaria inodora fl.-pl. — A. W. 1, Sam-
bucus nigra var. laciniata ; 2, Quercus ceries ;

3, Q. coccinea ; 4, Cephalotaxus drupacea ; 5, Re-
tinospora obtusa. — B. H. 1, Cupressus Lawsoniana
var. ; 2, Abies Nordmanniana ; 3, Thuia gigantea ;

4, Abies Pinsapo ; 5, Retinospora plumosa ; 6,
Thuia (Biota) orientalis. — W. C. The common
Mushroom. — J. U. E. Cratiegus cms galli, if it has
thorns. It is impossible to name these plants
from one or two leaves only. — S. IV. B. 1, 3, and
4 are varieties of Spiraia salicifolia; 2 is S.
Nobleana. — E. D. L. 1, We do not recognise with-
out flowers ; 2, Clematis viticella ; 3, Aster sim-
plex ; 4, Coronilla varia ; 5, Pellionia Davaneana.
— F. 1, Campanula pulla; 2, Sedum hybridum.
— W. W. 1, Insufficient without fruit ; 2, Asple-
nium marinum ; 3, Asplenium fontanum, var.
laxum ; 4, Lonicera xylosteum ; 5, Specimen in-
sufficient.— W. M. The Orchid is Oncidium in-
curvum, the other Hymenocallis senegambica. —
G. Spencer. 1, Erica species, of the section pubes-
cens — specimen insufficient ; 2, Pholidota articu-
lata. — Camjee. Both varieties of Dendrobium
chrysanthum. — J. E. J. Cyclamen europium.

Nicotiana affinis : G. W. B. We have no expe-
rience. Why not dry some leaves for yourself,
and try the effect ?

Orange Analyses, &c. : W. H. D. You will find
answers to all your questions in Subtropical Culti-
vation and Climates, by R. C. Haldane (London :
Wm. Blackwood & Sons).

Strawberry: J. S, We have no record of the
biggest berry ever shown in London.

Tomato Ham Green Favourite : F. P. This is one
of the best, if not the best, of all Tomatos — solid,
well-flavoured, nice shape, and very prolific.

Worms on Bowling Green. H. E. Water with
Chinese Worm Soap, sold by some florists and nur-
serymen ; or with lime-water.

CATALOGUES RECEIVED.

J. Gilbert, Dyke, Bourne, Lincolnshire — Bulbs and

Flower Roots.
Thomas Kennedy & Co., 106 and 108, High Street,

Dumfries, N.B. — Dutch Flower Roots.
William Rossiter, Paignton — Dutch Bulbs.
Charles Turner, Royal Nurseries, Slough — Bulbous

Roots ; also Carnations.
Barr & Son, King Street, Covent Garden, London,

W.C— Daffodils, Irises, &o.
W. Tait & Co., 119 and 120, Capel Street, Dublin-
Dutch Bulbs, &c.
Robert Veitch & Sons, 54, High Street, Exeter —

Dutch Bulbs, &c.
Edmondson Bros., 10, Dame Street, Dublin — Bulbs

and Roots.
Thomas Imrih & Sons, 137, High Street, Ayr, N.B.

—Dutch Bulbs.
W. N. Craig, Kendal — Bulbous Roots, &c.
Clark Bros. & Co., 65, Scotch Street, Carlisle —

Spring Flowering Roots.
J. Perkins & Son, 52, Market Square, Northampton

— Dutch Flower Roots.
J. E. Barnes, 9, Exchange Street, Norwich — Bulbous

Roots, &c.
T. B. Thomson, 20, High Street, Birmingham, and

Spark Hill — Bulbs and Flower Roots, Roses,

Trees, &c.
Wm. Green, 44, Vicar Lane, Leeds — Dutch and

other Bulbs, and Tuberous Plants, &c.

Communications Received.— P. E. N.— R. A. R — w. B.—

Harrison Weir.— R. D.— W. S.— J. B.— W. W.— A. D.-W.

E.— W. S— N. E. B.— A. J.— W. D.— J. P.— P. L. S.— D. T.

F.— J. D.— W. R.— R. C— C. W. D.— H. H. D.— W. T.— J. P.

— W. T. Rev.— W. S.— H. T.— T. H. S.— F. W. B. (your

wishes shall be complied with. — J. A. — Broom. — C. J. M.

(answer by post).— R. G.— C. A. S.— W. G. Holmes.— W. S.

(next week).— F. G. B.

gjjP Correspondents sending plants or fruits to be named, or
asking questions demanding time and research for their solution,
must not expect in all cases to ootain an answer to their en-
quiries in the current week.

To the Trade

FC. MALLEK begs' to offer 10,000
• MISS JOLIFFE CARNATIONS, extra strong stuff-
also 70D0 well berried bushy SOLANUMS. Price per 100 or
1000, on application to Burr Farm Nursery, Bexley Heath.

To tne Trade Only.

WILLIAM HOWARD, Southgate, X., begs
to offer CALLA JETHIOPICA. good strong flowering
imported tubers from tbe open ground, at 245. per 100. £_'o per
1000; BOUVAKDIA ALFRED NEWNES, from open ground
80». per 100; ASPIDIoTRAS, in 48-pots, 150s. per 100, and
upwards, net cash.

New Early Strawberry.

JOHN RUSKIN."— We are now executing
orders in strio* rotation, for this new, very early, fine-
flavoured heavy cropp&ig Strawberry, of which we have the
entire stock. 1 'hints, true to name, can be had only direct
from us.

LITTLE and BALLANTYNE. Nurserymen and Seedsmen to
the Queen, Carlisle.

OBURVENICH DE WINNE, Gentbrugge,
• Ghent, Belgium. Ask for my Prices and Samples be-
fore vou buy AZALEA INDICA, A. MOLLIS, and RHODQ.
DENDRONS. DRACiEXA INDIVISA, Greenhouse FERNS and
PALMS, a specialty. 7600 very good AZALEA INDICA, well
Budded, well mixed, 25 per cent. Deutsch Perle, 25 per cent.
Double Whites, 50 per eent. other sorts ; £3, £4, £o, £tj per 100.
O. BURVENICH DE WINNEt Gentbrugge, Ghent,
Belgium.

FOR SALE, 60 plants of AZALEA INDICA
and FIELDER'S WHITE. Healthy plants, well set for
bloom. Also a few hundreds MAIDENHAIR FERNS, in <j0'»
and thumbs.

Messrs. ROBERTS and MENDHAM, Cambridge Nursery,
Wisteria Road, Lewisham, S.E.

ROMAN HYACINTHS.— The Subscribers
offer a splendid Shipment of Early Single White Roman
Hyacinths of extra large size.

Special select Bulb offer, post-free on application.
LITTLE and BAI/LANTYNE, The Queen's Seedsmen, Carlisle.

SPECIMEN ORCHIDS, ANTHURIUMS.
EUCHARIS, PANDANI, CROTONS. AZALEAS, LAPA-
GERIAS, FERNS, BAJUBOOS, CAMELLIAS, Pot RHODO-
DENDRONS (new type), &c, for immediate removal, from the
renowned gardens of Ed. Salt, Esq., J. P., for alterations.
Apply for Priced Descriptive LIST.

WOOD'S PLANT CLUB, Kirkstall. Leeds.

ROMAN HYACINTHS, NARCISSUS,
LILIUMS, TUBEROSES, and many other FRENCH
BULBS, grown and offered by LOUIS BREMOND, fila,
Ollioules, France.

WHOLESALE LIST OJ application to WILLIAM DEN-
MAN, 7, Catherine Street, Covent Garden, Loudon, W.C.

LILIES OF THE VALLEY!
English-grown I
The best for early forcing, finest large flowers, and superior
in every respect to German crowns. Price per 1000, 10,000, to
100,000 on application.

T. JANNOCH, Lily of the Valley Grower by Special Appoint-
ment to H.R.H. The Prince of Wales, Dersingham, King's
Lynn, Norfolk.

STRAWBERRIES Z Specialty.
A. F. BABRON, turned out of pots, 25s. per 100.

,, Runners 20s. per 100.

NOBLE, turned out of pots 16s. per 100.

„ Runners 10s. per 100.

Sixteen varieties grown. Warranted first-class plants.
R. GILBERT, High Park, Stamford.

E M S " — " G E M S " — " G EMS"

of Choice Stove Plants.

OXERA PULCHELLA — dense clusters, S to 10 inches
across, of pure white, funnel-shaped flowers, about 2 inches
long and 1 inch across. Flowers in winter very lasting,
graceful and beautiful. 5s.

SCHUBERTIA GRANDIFLOR A— flowers white with de-
lightful, almond-like fragrance, produced in large trusses,
similar to Stephanotis. Excellent for cutting. 2s. Qd. and 3s. Qd.

STEPHANOTIS FLORIBUNDA— the finest variety in cul-
tivation, and freest bloomer, flowering at every joint, and
blooms in a lower temperature thau any other variety we
know. Is., Is. Qd., 2s. Qd., 3s. Qd., 5s. ; and fine specimens,
21s., 31s. Qd., and 40s. each.

STIGMAPHYLLUM CILIATUM (Golden Vine) — flowers
rich orange, similar to the lovely Orchid Oncidium fleiuosum.
Very distinct. 2s. Qd. each.

TOXICOPHIuEA SPECTABLLIS (Winter Sweet) — large
dense sprays of white flowers, sweetly perfumed. Beautiful
winter-flowering plant. 2s. Qd. and 3s. Qd. each.

GLONERA JASMINIFLORA— one of the most beautiful
white-flowering plants for either cutting or decoration. Blooms
in the winter or early spring, and worthy of a place in the
most select collection. 2s. Qd. and 3s. Qd.

CATALOGUES of these, and all you want for a Garden free,
by post from

WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham ;
10 and 13, Market Street, Manchester.

PRIMULAS, Double White, in middle 60-pots,
ready for potting into 4*'s, at 25s. per 100.
JAMES OVER, Florist. Mitcham, S.W.

CT RAWB E RRIES.

O LAXTON'S "NOBLE." small pots, 20s. per 100. 3s. per
dozen ; runners. 12s. per 100.

PRESIDENT, ) well rooted runners, 10s. per 1000.

DU THCRY, J- in small pots. 12s. per 100, 90s. per 1000.

PAXTON, ) out small pots, 10s. per 100, 75s. per 1000.

PRIMROSE, " Hardy's Grand Hybrid Novelties.' very large
flowers, about 30 splendid colours, pure white to dark crimson,
allowed by competent judges to be the very best and handsomest
grown, 5s. per 100, 45s. per 1000.

POLYANTHUS, Hardy's finest selected, gold-laced, show
flowers, 5s. per 100, 45s per 1000.

CiSH, package free ; extra plants sent for carriage.
H. I. HARDY, F.K.H.'S.,Stour Valley Nurseries, Bures, Suffolk.

"G-

Sjptbmbib 7, 1889.]

TEE GABDENEFS* CHRONICLE.

283

P.EONY AKBOREA.— P^EONY SINENSIS.
Great Specialty.
The unique and rery best collection in the world.
PiEONIA ABBOREA.
150 of the finest good old varieties.
38 Chinese varieties, introduced direct from China.
50 New aDd very rare sorts.

8 Japanese varieties, introduced direct from Japan.
3 Japanese vara. , sent out for the first time this present season.
Disposable in plants, 1, 2, and 3 years, strong plants, 4 to 6 yrs.
Specimen plants for Show, from 6 to 15 years old.
FiEONIA SINENSIS.
250 varieties of the finest good old sorts.
27 new and rare varieties.
22 very new and very rare sorts.
36 varieties of officinalis and paradonales sorts.
Best time to send Pteonies is September or October, but may

be planted until March.
Special collection for Amateurs. Special descriptive Catalogue

and prices, printed in English, and sent on demand.

L. PAILLET, Nurseryman, Chatenay, Seine, near Paris, France.

Established 18J7.

BULBS F O K EARLY
FORCING.

White ROMAN HYACINTHS, first quality bulbs, carefully
selected, 25. 6a*. per dozen ; 18s. Qd. per 1J0.

NARCISSUS, paper White, Is. 3d. per dozen ; 7s. per 100.
Double Roman, Is. 3d. per dozen ; 7s. per 100.

LILIUM HARRISII (Bermuda Easter Lily).— Our direct
importation from Bermuda of this charming pure white Lily
enables us to offer grand bulbs, in the best possible condition,
at extraordinarily low prices. Fine selected, 7s. per dozen ;
50s. per 100. Extra fine selected, 7 to 9 inches in circumference,
10s. per dozen ; 75s. per 100. Potted now, will be in bloom at
Christmas and the New Year.

Descriptive CATALOGUE of Dutch and other Bulbs, post-
free on application.

RICHARD SMITH and CO., Seed Merchants, Worcester.

New Early-blooming Hybrid Rhododendrons,

Raised by

TSAAC DA VIES and SON, and now offered

J- for the first time : —

RHODODENDRON QUEEN OF DWARFS, raised from R.
multiflorum, crossed with the best large- flowered hardy
white varieties, is of bushy habit, and very free- blooming,
bearing large, well-expanded, snow-white flowers, of great
substance, and very lasting. Awarded a First-class Cer-
tificate by the Royal Botanical Society of Manchester on
March 20, 1838. Three plants were planted in the open
ground last autumn, and have stood the winter uninjured.

RHODODENDRON CELESTIAL.— This bears pale blush flowers
about the colour of the Rose Celestial. Very free-bloom-
ing and beautiful.

RHODODENDRON OMNIFLORUM bears dense trusses of
white flowers in the greatest profusion.
Prices of plants of any of the above kinds, 3s., 6s., and 10s. &d.

each. All except the smallest size, are well set with flower-buds.
Usual discount to the Trade.
We can also supply the best-named varieties of Hardy

RHODODENDRONS, Seedling AZALEA MOLLIS, &c, by

thousands, at very moderate prices. The season has been

unusually favourable, and they are densely covered with

flower-buds. Ormskirk, Lancashire.

SPECIAL OFFER of FERNS for CASH.—
Extra strong, in thumbs, for immediate Potting, in the
following varieties : — Pteris cretica, tremula, cretica cristata,
alba lineata, astata, serrulata cristata compacta, A. cuneatum,
and an extra fine lot of Lomaria gibba and Polypodium aureum.
Also a fine lot, in 48*9, Pteris cretica, cretica major, cretica
cristata, serrulata cristata compacta, A. cuneatum, Polypo-
dium, Dicksonia antarctica, Grevillia robusta and eyperus.
Price for thumbs per 100 or 1000 and 48's per 100 on application.
Inspection invited by
R. PENGELLY, Dyson's Lane, Upper Edmonton.

BULBS— BULBS— BULBS.— Our early im-
portations are now to hand in first-rate condition. Roman
Hyacinths, splendid, 14s. to 16s. per 100. Polyanthus Narcissus,
Paper White, 5s. per 100; Early Roman, 6s. per 100; Grand
Primo, 6s. Gd. per 100. Garden Hyacinths, 10s. per 100 ; Pot
kinds, 2s. Qd. per dozen; first size, finest quality for show, 4s.
to 6s. per dozen. Garden Narcissus, a specialty, most of the •
varieties Home-grown. Iris hispanica, this lovely gem, Is. 6d.
per 100. CATALOGUES free.

Orders despatched promptly.
J. K. PEARSON and SONS. Chilwell Nurseries, Notts.

AMAZONIAN ORCHIDS. — Collections of
1 dozen good-sized flowering plants, established generally
on blocks. Cattleyas superba splendens, El Dorado (in variety),
luteola, Coryanthes, Scuticaria, Galeandras, Paphinias, Epi-
dendrum, Oncidium, Stanhopea ebu^nea, Rodriguezia,
Schomburgkia, Brassias, Brasavolas, Catasetums, Sobralias,
, Gongoras.

C. E. HERBERT and CO., Para", Brazil.
Caixa no correio 151.

1 SO 000 CLEMATIS, in Pots, of all the

^J\J^\J\J\J finest Double and Single Varieties (some
of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of
every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for
climbing and bedding, from 12s. to 21s. per dozen, strong
plants ; extra strong plants, repotted into 5^-iucb. pots, 2s 6d.
each ; Beauty of Worcester, a magnificent purple, excellent
for bedding, recently sent out by us. reduced price 2s. Sd. eat h
Descriptive LIST on application.— RICHARD SMITH and CO.,
Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester.

STRAWBERRIES.

Strong Roots, 4s. p^r 100. Plants in small pots 16s. per 100 ;
ditto, in large pots, 25s. per 100. Descriptive LIST free.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen aud Seed Merchants,
Worcester.

BMALLEK and SONS beg to offer to the
• Trade a very extensive and unusually "well grown stock
of ERICAS (hyemalis and other varieties), EPACRIS, SOLA-
NUMS, GENISTAS, CYCLAMEN, BOUVASDIAS. ADIAN-
TUM CUNEATUM, and other Ferns, GARDENIAS. STE-
PHANOTIS, FICUS ELASTICA, CROTONS, GREVILLEAS,
TEA ROSES (in pots), BORONIA MEGASTIGMA, VINES
(in pots), &c. An inspection is invited.

Trade CATALOGUES forwarded on application.
The ANNUAL SALE by AUCTION will be held on
TUESDAY, September 17.

Burnt Ash Lane Nurseries, Lee, S.E.

DUTCH BULBS.

HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUSES, SPIR^A,

LILY OF THE VALLEY— all strong clumps,

and GLADIOLUS Brenchleyensis and Gandavensis,

first size bulbs — all very low prices.

Apply to P. van TIL Jz. & CO., Florists,

HILLEGOM, near HAARLEM, HOLLAND.

JERSEY FRUIT TREES AND ROSES.

Carriage Paid. Strong healthy trees, the finest that money can

buy. Roses wonderfully cheap. Cordons a speciality. Before

ordering be sure to write for our Illustrated CATALOGUES,

JOSHUA LE CORNU and SOX, High View Nurseries.

rIGOROUS, Hand-

STRAWBERRY T laid R— and

PLANTS.

Plants in pots. New and
best varieties.

Catalogue on application.

DICKSONS,

THE
NURSERIES,

CHESTER.

(Limited)

CUTBUSH'S MILL-
track MUSHROOM SPAWN.
— Too well known to require descrip-
tion. Price 6s. per bushel t Is. extra
per bushel for package), or 6d. per
cake; free by parcel post, Is.

None genuine unless in sealed pack-
ages and printed cultural directions
enclosed, with our signature attached.

WM. CUTBUSH and SON,
Nurserymen and Seed Merchants,
Highgate Nurseries, N.

ORCHID PEAT, best quality; BROWN
FIBROUS PEAT for Stove and Greenhouse use. RHO-
DODENDRON and AZALEA PEAT. Samples and Prices to
WALKER AND CO., Farnborough, Hants.

PEAT — PEAT — PEAT. — Splendid Fibrous
Orchid Peat in Solid Turves, by the Sack. Good General
Light Brown Fibrous Peat, full of Bracken Fibre, and from
which a good proportion of Orchid can be picked, in good solid
turves, by the sack or yard. The finest Yellow Fibrous Loam,
cut from a celebrated neighbourhood, by the ton and truck-load,
oa rail. Please apply lor full list of prices of all Garden
Requisites to

G. H. RICHARDS, General Sundriesman, County Oak,
Crawley, Sussex.

Protection of Fruit Trees from the
Winter Moth.

NOW IS THE TIME TO APPLY

PROTECTIVE COMPOSITION,

AS RECOMMENDED BY MISS ORMEROD.

Particulars oti application.
DICKSONS, The Nurseries, CHESTER.

(Limited)

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE. — Newly
made, the same as supplied to the Royal Horticultural
Society. Truck-load of 2 tons, £1 ; free on to Rail, L. B. S. C.
and S. E., £1 5s. ; in Bafts, 20, 15s. ; 40, £1 8s. Cash with order.
J. STEVENS and CO., 153. High Street, Battersea, S.W.

GARDEN
REQUISITES.

Two Prixe Medals.

Quality, THE BEST In the Market. (All sacks included.)

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process),
sacks, Is. id. each; 10sacks.12s.6ii.; losacks, l's.CW., 20sacks,
20s. ; 25 sacks, 24s. ; 30 sacks, 27s. ; 40 sacks, 35s. ; 50 sacks,
40s. ; Truck- load, loose, free on rail, 30s. Limited quantities
of G., special quality, granulated ia sacks only, 2s. $d. each.

GENUINE ORCHID PEAT, S;. 6i. per sack ; 5 sacks, 40s. .
BEST BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. per sack ; 5 for 22s. id.
BLACK FIBROUS PEAT. 4s. 6i. per sack ; 5 for 20s.
COARSE SILVER SAND, ls.6rf. per bushel; 14s. half ton ;
24s. per ton. Yellow Fibrous Loam, Compost, Leaf and Peat
Mould, Is. per bushel. Tobacco Cloth or Paper, Is, per lb.
Special Manures. Peat-Moss Litter, Crushed Bones, Virgin
Cork, &.C., &c. Write for Price List.

Ttrrr.s strictly Cash with order.
C3UBB, ROUND & CO., West Ferry Road, Mlilwall,

London, E. Bankers— fnion Bank if London.

SPLENDID

ORCHID PEAT,

SPECIALLY PREPARED.
Free from all Waste whatever.
ALL FIBRE, 12s. per cask.
FRESH GREEN-PICKED SPHAGNUM,

2s. Qd. per bushel.
FOR HARD-WOODED and STOVE

PLANTS, selected turves, 8s. per cask.
FOR FERN'S, 6s. per cask ; good Brown, for

general use, 5s. per cask.
TEAK WOOD and other ORCHID PANS

and BASKETS.
W. W. & Son's Celebrated FERTILIZING

MOSS, for Bulbs, bag, Is. and 2s. Qd. ;

per bushel, 7s. Qd.
Send for Wood § Son's List of Specialties.

Wood & Sou's interesting " Pamphlet on Fertilizing Moss,

sent gratis.

Wood & Son's " Our Note," the most valuable Book on

Gardening, price Qd.

w. wood & son, wood green, n.

bentleys

Insecticide.

Mr. J. H. Rose, Locking c Park, writes:—1* Bentley's Insecti-
cide is the most effective and cheapest I have ever used."

For full particulars apply to JOSEPH BENTLEY, Chemical
Works, Barrow-on-Humher, HULL.

London Agent : Mr. A. Robinson, 8, Leadenhall Street, E.C.

PEAT FOR ORCHIDS,

CHOICE PLANTS, FERNS, HEATHS, AZALEAS, &c.
EPPS & CO. are now prepared to offer PEAT, as above,
of first-class quality, at lowest prices. Prices on apolication.
Dep6t for HORTICULTURAL SUNDRIES, LOAM, SAND,
LEAF-MOULD, SPHAGNUM, COCOA-FIBRE REFUSE,
CHARCOAL, and ARTIFICIAL MANURES.

PEAT MOSS LITTER.
EPPS & CO., Ringwood, Hants.

GARDEN REQUISITES.

COCOA-NUT FIBEE REFUSE.

id. per bushel; 100 for 25s. ; truck (loose, about 2 tons),
40s. : 4-bushel bags, id. each.

LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. id. per sack ; 5 sacks,
25s. ; sacks, id. each.

BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. per sack, 5 sacks, 22s. ; sacks,
id. each.

COARSE SILVER SAND, Is. 9d. per bushel ; 15s. per half
ton ; 26s. per ton, in 2-bushel bags, id. each.

YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD, Is. per bushel.

SPHAGNUM MOSS, 8s. 6d. per sack.

MANURES, GARDEN STICKS, VTBGrN CORK, TOBACCO
CLOTH, RUSSIA MATS, &c. Write for Price LIST.—
H. G. SMYTH, F.R.H.S., 21, Goldsmith's Street, Drury
Lane (lately called 17A, Coal Yard), W.C.

p ENUINE GARDEN REQUISITES,

\JT as supplied to Royal Gardens, &c.

SPECIALITE TOBACCO PAPER, the best and strongest in
the market, lOrf. per lb., 281b. for 21s.

SELECT ORCHID PEAT. 8s. per sack, 5 for 35s.

SOILS and MANURES of finest quality, and GEN'ERAL
SUNDRIES. Price list free.

W. HERBERT and Co., Hop Exchange Warehouses, South-
wark Street. London, S.E.

THE

Normal Fertiliser

For GREENHOUSE or GARDEN.

_ . 7 lb. 14 lb. 28 lb. 56 lb. 1 cwt.

rTlce :— 2s 3s M 5j 6rf 9s 14s#

And in &d. and Is. packets.

To be had of Seedsmen and Florists, or the NORMAL

MANURE COMPANY, Ltd., 121, Bishopagate Street Within,

E.C, and Farnham Road, Guildford. Usual Trade Discounts.

Wholesaleof Messrs. HURSTandSON, 152,Houndsditch,London

Wasps and Files.

Protect your Fruit from these pests by using

DAVIS'S WASP DESTROYER, Post-free,
Is. 9d. and 2s. 9d. per bottle, with full directions— a
certain remedy.

BEGONIAS (a Specialty) are now in full bloom, and will con-
tinue until the frost. A sight once seen never to be forgotten.
B. R. DAVIS. Yeovil Nurseries, Yeovil, Somerset.

LEMON OIL INSECTICIDE.—
The best of all preparations for easily, cheaply, and
effectually cleaning Plants from Green-fly, Thrip Scale, Bug,
&c. Follow the directions, and you will always u>e it.

Pint, Is. 6d. ; quart, 2s. tid. ; £ gallon, bs. ; 1 gallon, 0*'. ; 4
gallons, 34s. Ask your seedsman for it, or apply to

WM- OLXBRAN axd SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham ;
10 and 12, Markst Street, Mancheiter.

'84

THE GARDENERS' CHFONICLE.

[September 7, 1889.

BEESON'S MANURE— The Best and
Cheapest Fertiliser for all purposes. Write for Circular
containing the Leading Gardeners' and Market Growers'
Reports. Sjld in Tins. Is., 2s. M., 5s. 6<2., and 10s. 6rf. each,
or 1 cwt. Bags, 6ealed, 13s. By all Seedsmen, or apply direct to
W. H. BEESON, Carbrook Bone Mills, Sheffield.

EFFECTIVE, SAFE & ECONOMICAL

MiiiimiiiHiiiiiiiiHiimmiiiiiimiMiiiHiiiNi
IMPROVED & ONLY GENUINE

MEDICATED TOBACCO PAPEB

(BEADY CUT UP FOB USE),

REDKED PRICE, 1C per lb.

2S lbs. mill oii'unuN — Carriage Paid.

Parcels for trial, sent Free by Parcels Post, viz: —
2 lbs. 3 4, 4 lbs. 6 8, 6 lbs. 99, 8lbs. 13 ,'-, 10 lbs. 16/-

Dicksons Improved Fumigating Pan

Is vastly superior to any other. ■^§f=to

PRICE in Iron 6 6, or in Copper. 21/- /nU' IjlJk

Dicksons

(Limited)

Chester.

ymos/A/mM

BONES !— BOMES ! !— BONES ! ! !

Crushed Bones in all sizes for Vine Borders, Lawn6, Potting,
Grass Lands. &o. Also BONE MEAL for Poultry Feeding,
GARDEN GUANO, DISSOLVED BONES, Special MANURES
and FERTILIZERS for all purposes.

For Prices, apply to

HARRISON, BARBER & CO. (Limited),

GARRETT LANE. WANDSWORTH. SURREY. S.W.

THE

"PERFECT"

WEED KILLER

Maintains its Superiority over all Bivals

for permanently destroying vegetation on WalkB, Carriage
Drives, Ash Tennis Courts, Stonework grown green, Ac.
Uted at Keto Garden*, Royal Horticultural Garden*, Ac, Ac.

COMPLETE SATISFACTION GUARANTEED

to all using Weed Killer bearing our Trade Mark,
without which none is genuine. Refute Imitations.

Price— Gallon 2/, 5 gal. 1/9, 10 gal. 1/6, 40 gal. 1/4 per gal.

SPECIAL QUOTATIONS FOR QUANTITIES.

Carriage paid 5 gals, and upwards. Trial sample pott free.

DISTRIBUTOR for
Perfect" Weed Killer.

Holds 40 gallons. Wrought-iron
frame-work neatly painted. Gal-
vanized tubes with tap to regulate
flow. Gives spray 36 ins. wide.
Price £4 net on rail Glasgow.
Sole Manufacturers: The

HORTICULTURAL & AGRICULTURAL CHEMICAL COY-

Principal Agents: BLACKLEY, YOUNG A CO.,
101 HOLM STREET, GLASGOW.

SOLD BY SEEDSMEN AND FLORISTS.

CLIBRANS EUCHARIS MITE KILLER.

A CURE AT LAST FOR THIS DREADFUL PEST.

Eucharis, treated according to the directions, and grown
with ordinary cultural care, become healthy in a short time,
as a trial will convince. Numerous Testimonials.

Prices: — J pint. Is. 6d. ; 1 pint, 2s. 6d. ; 1 quart, 4s. Gd. ;
§ gallon, 7s. 6<*.; 1 gallon, 12s. 6d.

Ask your seedsman for it, or apply to

WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfteld Nursery, Altrincham;
10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.

GISHURSTLNE keeps Boots dry and soft on
wet gTound. Boxes, 6d. and Is., from the Trade.
Wholesale from PRICES PATENT CANDLE COMPANY
(Limited). London.

FKtt. <~

<^\ Telescopic Ladders.
'J^-PAj Telescopic Steps.
■ ?"5i-i Telescopic Trestles.

, Convertible Ladder Steps.
Universal Step Ladders.
Turnover Step Ladders.
■^£j Folding Pole Ladders-
Lattice Steps, very light.
Umpire's Step Chairs.

Great variety of designs
• and sizes. Sixes 5ft. to 60ft.
y ■■ Order direct, carriage paid.
Price Lists free.

HEA1HMAN & CO.,

2, EN DELL STREET; and
11, HIGH STREET,

LONDON, W.C.

BECKETT BROS.,

CHELMSFORD.

Price Lists, Plans, and Estimates Free.

21-OZ. and 16-OZ. Foreign, of above sizes, in boxes of 100 feet

and 200 feet super.
English Glass, cut to buyers' sizes, at lowest prices, delivered

free and sound in the country, in quantity.
" HORTICULTURAL PUTTY." Own Special Manufacture.

GEORGE FARMILOE & SONS,

Lead, Glass, Oil. and Colour Merchants,

34. St. John Street, West Smlthfleld, London, EC.

Stock Lists aud Prices on application. Please quote Chronicle.

CHEAP FRAMES.

PORTABLE CUCUMBER FRAMES.

HALLIDAY and CO. desire to draw

special attention to their Cucumber Frames, of which
they always have a large stock, ready glazed and painted.
They are made of the best nnterials, and can be put together
and taken apart in a few minutes by any one.
Prices delivered free to any station in England.

1-light frame, 4 ft. by 6 ft.
2-light frame, 8 ft. by 6 ft.
3-light frame, 12 ft. by 6 ft. '
6-light frame, 24 ft. by 6 ft.

Larger sizes at proportionate prices.

R. HALLIDAY & CO.,

Hothouse Builders and Engineers, Royal Horticultural Works,

Middletcm. Manchester.

London Agent— Mr. H. SKFJ.TOW. Seedsman, &c, 2, Holloway

fctad. N.

SAVE YOUR FIRE

and keep a fixed temperature under glass, by using
"FRIGI DOMO," made of prepared hair and
wool : a perfect non-conductor of oold.

PROTECT your PLANTS

FRIG! DOMd

rxrlGISTEREcr ■ ^ TRADE MAF

FOR PRICE LIST &. PARTICULARS ADDRES

BENJAMINrDGINGTONI
2 Duke ST La London Br/dge\

CHARLES FRAZER'S EXECUTORS,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, NORWICH.

No. 57.— Melon and Cucumber Frame.

The illustration shows a Three-light Frame, 12 feet long by
6 feet wide. Height at front 11 inches, heigh * at back 22 inches.
Made of thoroughly seasoned redwood deal, sides and ends
It inch thick, screwed together at the angle*, and with the
necessary parting pieces and runners for the lights, which are
2 inches thick, strengthened with iron bar across, and fitted
with iron handle complete. All pares painted three coatsof
best oil colour, and light glazed with 21-oz. glass, nailed and
bedded in good putty.
1-Light Frame ... 4 ft. by 6 ft..
2 8 ft. by 6 ft. I Cash Pricks

43 :: ;: :::iM61t:hREIAGEANDi

5 20 ft. by 6 ft. Packing Free.

g „ 24 ft. by oft. /

Carriage is Paid to all Goods Stations in England and Wales;
also to Glasgow, Edinburgh, Dublin and Belfast.

New Illustrated Catalogue of Conservatories, Greenhouse?, l
Garden Frames, Poultry Houses, and Dog Kennels, post-free
for si* stamps, to be deducted from first order.

£2 0

3 0

4 5

5 10

0 1

6 15

8 0

September

1SS9.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

285

Established 1818.

55,

LIONEL STREET,

BIRMINGHAM.

HENRY HOPE

HORTICULTURAL

BUILDER and

HEATING ENGINEER.

NEW
CATALOGUE

of Greenhouses & Garden
Frames, just issued, will
be sent, post-free, to any
address, on reference to
this advertisement.

NEW
CATALOGUE

of Greenhouses & Garden
Frames, just issued, will
lie sent, post-free, to any
iddress, on reference to
this advertisement.

SEND FOR NEW PRICED ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE,

R. HALLIDAY & CO.,

HOTHOUSE BUILDERS and HOT- WATER ENGINEERS,

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER.

Vineries, Stoves, Greenhouses. Peach Houses, Forcing Houses, &c., constructed on our improved plan, are the
perfection of growing houses, and for practical utility, economy, and durability cannot be equalled. We only do one class of work,
and that the very best.

Conservatories and Winter Gardens designed architecturally correct without the assistance of any one out of our firm,
from the smallest to the largest. Hot-Water Heating Apparatus, with really reliable Boilers, erected, and success guaranteed
in all cases. Melon Frames, Sashes, Hotbed Boxes, &c„ always in stock.

Plans, Estimates and Catalogues free. Customers waited on in any part of the Kingdom.

Our Maxim is and always has been —

MODERATE CHARGES. FIRST-CLASS WORE. THE BEST MATERIALS.

GARDEN REQUISITE S.—
Sticks, Labels, Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo
Canes, Rustic Work, Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of
WATSON AND SCULL, 90, Lower Thames Street, London, E.C.

VULCAN IRONWORKS,

WINCHESTER.

THE VULCAN HIGH DUTY
HYDRAULIC RAM

(:il"s I? I'Jro jk§! ^s t*u- m09* effic'ent. ""'" acting

WSJ®^ Pump. It will force water from
streams or springs on low levels to
tanks or reservoirs on hills, &c. It
saves all water cartage, and is
always at work, requiring no
attention.

All that is necessary is a small fall from a spring or stream,
say 24 inches, when water can be forced to heights varying
from 200 to 300 feet, and 2 m-le* distant.

Estimates sent free for
Driving and Fitting-up
Tube Wells and Pumps,
Deep- well Pumps, Fixed
and Portable Garden
Pumps, &c. an'i for
Laying Domestic Water
Supply to Mansions,
Farms, Nurseries,
Greenhouses, &c.

PORTABLE
GARDEN PUMP

HILL
BLACK

& SMITH'S

VARNISH

for Preserving Ironwork, Wood, or Stone.

Address: H. P. VACHER,

VULCAN IRONWORKS, WINCHESTER.

TRYLEETE'SOlPer

ON I RON,WOOD & STON E
ALL COLORS CASH

A.LEETE&C?PAINTW0RKS,I29 LONDON R°.SE

(Registered Trade Mark.)

An excellent substitute for oil paint, at one-third the cost.

Price Is. 6d. per gallon at the manufactory, or carriage-paid
to any railway station, Is. Sd. per gallon in casks of 36, 20, or
10 gallons.
~ . Tr m r /-. it Every Cask bears the above

CA U T I 0 IV . Registered Trade Mark. Beware

of cheap imitations.

HILL. & SMITH,

Brlerley Ironworks, Dudley ;

118, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C. :

47. Dawson Street, Dublin.

SIX CABINET PORTRAITS, 3s.; three for 2s.
Twelve Carte Portraits, 2s. 2d. ; six for Is. id. Kight-
inch Enlargement, 3s.; three for 6s. Send Carte or Cabinet
and Postal Order, and you will promptly receive Highly-
finished Copies, with Original.

FRANCIS AND CO., 29, Ludgate Hill, London, E.C.

GLASS.

CHEAP GLASS.

88. 6d. per 100 feet 15 oz. 12x10, 18x12, 18x14, 24X14,
14x12, 20X12, 18x16, 24x16,
12S. per 100 feet 21 oz. ... 16x 12, 16x14, 20x16, 24x18, &0.

All kinds of PAINTS at very low prices.
FLOORING at 7s. 3d. per square ; MATCHING at 5s. 9d. ;
3x9 at 2\d. per foot run; 2x4at|d. ; MOULDINGS, IRON-
MONGERY, &c. Catalogues on application to

THE CHEAP WOOD COMPANY, 72, Bishopsgate Street
Within, London. E.C.

w. h. LASCELLES & go.,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS,

121, BUNHILL ROW,

LOUDON. E.C.

CONSERVATORIES,

GREENHOUSES,
ORCHID HOUSES,

VINERIES,
PEACH HOUSES, &c.

Plans and Estimates Free.

RUSSIA MATS.— New Archangel Mats, and
all kinds of Petersburg Mats, supplied Wholesale, to
the Trade only. Also RAFFIA, TOBACCO PAPER and
CLOTH. CANES, and all SUNDRIES.
MARENDAZ and FISHER, James Street, Covent Garden.W.C.

FAWKES' SLOW-COMBUSTION

HEATING APPARATUS.

Most Efficient and Cheapest in Existence.
Requires no sunk stokehole and no brick
setting. Will last all night without atten-
tion. Will burn house cinders, therefore
costs next to nothing for fuel. Any one
can fix it. A domestic servant can stoke it.

Complete Apparatus from £4 12s.
SUCCESS GUARANTEED.

Enormous num-
bers in use all
over the country.

Only Slow Com-
bustion Appara-
tus of the kind.
CAUTION.

Beware of in-
efficient incom-
plete Apparatus,
which will not
last all night.

Full particulars
and Prices of
every sized Ap-
paratus, and
numerous Testi-
monials for last
five seasons,
showing enorm-
ous success, post-
free on applica-
tion.

^V-<>,

BEST CONSTRUCTED and CHEAPEST

Greenhouses, Forcing houses, Pits, Frames, Plant

Protectors, Potting Sheds, Tool-houses, &c.

fltustrated Priced Catalogue post-free from

COMPTON & FAWKES

CHELM SFORD.

286

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 7, 1889.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

Scale of Charges for Advertising.

Head Line charged as two.

£0 8
0 9
0 9
0 10
0 10
0 11
0 11
0 12
0 12
0 13
0 13

AND SIXPENCE FOR EVERY ADDITIONAL LINE.

If set across two Columns, the lowest charge will be 20*.

If set acro3s three Columns the lowest charge will be 30*.

Page, £S; Half Page, £A 10$.; Column. £3.

Lines .

. £0

Lines

. 0

Gardeners and others Wanting Situations.

26 words, including name and address. Is. 6d.,

and 6rf. for every additional line (about 9 words) or part

of a line.

THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE PREPAID.

This scale does not apply to announcements of Vacant
Situations, which are charged at the ordinary scale.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.— Advertisers are cautioned
against having Letters addressed to Initials at Post-offices, as
all Letters so addressed are opened by the authorities and
returned to the sender.

Births, Deaths and Marriages, 5s. each insertion.

Advertisements for the current week must reach the Office by

Thursday noon.

All Subscriptions Payable In Advance.

The United Kingdom: 12 Months, 15s. ; 6 Months,

7s. 6d. ; 3 Months, 3s. 9d.

FOREIGN (excepting India and China); including Postage,

173. 6d. for 12 Months; India and China, 19B. 6d.

Post Office Orders to be made payable at the Post Officp,

42, DAUBY LANE, W.C., to W. Richards.

Publishing Office and Office for Advertisements,
41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.O.

BE D S T E A D S. — For the use of
Domestic Servants, Children, and Institutions, we
sold during 1888, of our D design BEDSTEADS and WOODS'
PATENT WOVEN STEEL WIRE MATTRESSES combined,
3200. Carriage paid to any Railway Station. Liberal Dis-
count. Send for a " Rook of French and Persian Designs," to
THE LONGFORD WIRE CO. (Limited), Warrington.

BOULTON&PAUL,

HORTICULTURAL
BUILDERS,

NORWICH.

No. 75.— MELON & CUCUMBER FRAMES

A large stock of the Frames ready, made of the most durable
red deal, and are the best to be had. The Frames are of 1£ inch
boards, 24 inches high at back, and 13 inches high in front,
bolted at the corners, easily taken to pieces if required. The
Lights are 2 inches thick, with iron bar across, and one handle
at the top. Glazed with best English 21-oz. glass, and painted
four coats.

Length. Width

1 Light

Frame,

4 ft. by 6 tt.\

2 „

8 „ by 6 „

3 „

12 „ by 6 „

4 „

16 „ by 6 „

° „

20 „ by 6 „

« .,

24 „ by 6 „ t

Cash

Prices,

Carriage

and

Packing

FREE.

(£2
3

0 0
0 0

4 5 0

5 10 0

6 15 0
8 0 0

CARRIAGE paid to any station in England and Wales.
Also to Dublin, Cork, Londonderry, Glasgow, and Edin-
burgh, or stations equivalent.

CATALOGUES POST FREE.

MADE WITH BOILING WATER.

E P P S ' S

GRATEFUL-COMFORTING.

COCOA

MADE WITH BOILING MILK.

THE BEST REMEDY FOR INDIGESTION.

CAMOMILE PILLS.

Are confidently recommended as a simple but certain
remedy for

*•* ISDIOES-TION *♦*

See Testimonial, seleotod from hundreds :—

CROYDON, 1885.

For other Testimonials, see Monthly Magazines.
Sold everywhere, price is. \\d., 2s. gd. and lit.

GARDENING APPOINTMENTS.

Mr. F. Bowles, for the last eight years Gar-
dener to the Hon. R. Capell, Watford, has been
appointed as Head Gardener to the Right Hon.
Lord Lawrence, Chetwode Manor, Buckingham.

Mr. F. Thirlby, lately Gardener to the Hon.
E. Ashley, Broadlands, Konisey, Hampshire,
has been appointed Gardener to Earl Fitz-
william, Wentworth, Rotherham.

Mr. George Wilson, late Gardener at Aspley
Hall, Notts, has been engaged as Gardener to
James Beckitt, Esq., Swanland Manor, Brough,
East Yorkshire.

WANTEO, a HEAD WORKING GAR-
DENER, thoroughly up in Vines, Peaches, Stove
Plants, &c. Flowers, and Kitchen Garden. — State age, expe-
rience, and wages required. — A. NICHOLSON, Highfield Hall,
Leek, Staffordshire.

GARDENER WANTED IMMEDIATELY,
for very Early Cucumbers, Tomatos, and Strawberries.
None but competent Large Growers need apply. Would like
Henry Jones to write, by letter only. — GREY, Point Pleasant
Nursery, Wandsworth, S.W.

WANTED, a SINGLE-HANDED GAR-
DENER, in Gentleman's family. No Glasshouses.
Age not over 35. Married. Cottage found. Would he re-
quired to do some work in house and occasionally wait at table.
Must have first-class references. — Apply, ttating wages, and all
particulars, to LAWS and SON, Nurseries, Beccles.

Decorator.

WANTED, for a Large Private Establish-
ment, a young British GARDENER, with good taste
for Table and House Decoration. One who has gained some
experience in France preferred; situation permanent. — State
wages, experience, and all particulars, to R. F. B., Gardeners'
Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

WANTED, a GROWER of Plants and Cut
Flowers. Must be quick and energetic, and well up in
Bouvardia aDd Fern. — Age and wages, with references, toX.,
Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41,Wellington Street. Strand. W.C.

WANTED, a married Man, as WORKING
FOREMAN, to take charge of Outside Department,
where Ro-es, Bulbs, and Herbaceous Plants are grown in
quantity for Cut Flowers. Only thoroughly practical men need
apply. Wages commencing at 25s. per week, with cottage.—
State experience and where last employed, to TURNER,
BROS., Garston, Liverpool.

WANTED, for a Private Establishment, a
young Man, with experience, as ROSE GROWER.
Must understand the Management of Roses, both out-of-doors
and under glass.— WM. PAUL and SON, Waltham Cross.

WANTED, a strong, active, young MAN
(Single), for Outdoor and Jobbing Gardening, and
willing to make himself generally useful. Good character.
State age and wages. — W. RATTRAY, Ash .Vale Nursery,
near Aldershot.

\XT ANTED, a HANDY-MAN, for country, to

? T Work Small Garden and Nursery, &c. ; accustomed to
Horses.— References, wages, to ROBT. STARK, Chagford, Devon.

WANTED, a strong, active, and industrious
Youth, for Inside and Out. Wages, 12s. per week.—
Apply by letter to GEO. STRUDWICK. The Gardens, New-
lands, Sittingbourne,

WANTED, an ASSISTANT, for the Seed,
Bulb, Plant, and Cut Flower Department. Must
have a practical knowledge of Wreath and Bouquet making.
—Apply, H. A., Messrs. HURST and SON, Houndsditcb,
London, E.C.. stating wages required.

WANTED, a TRAVELLER, for the Whole-
sale Nursery Trade. None need apply unless tho-
roughly experienced in the Value of and Nomenclature of
Nursery Stock, both Indoors and Out-of-doors ; also should he
well-known on the road. — Reply, stating salary, experience, &c,
to THOS.CRIPPS AND SON. TunbridgeWellsNurseries, Kent.

Shorthand Clerk.

A VACANCY will shortly occur in the Offices
of Messrs. LITTLE and BALLANTYNE, Carlisle, for a
SHORTHAND CLERK, who has been accustomed to the
Nursery and Seed Trade. — Apply, by letter, giving full par-
ticulars as to age, experience, reference's, salary required, &c;

MESSRS. W. CUTBUSH and SON RE-
QUIRE a HANDY MAN accustomed to general Painting,
Carpentering, Hot-water Work, and other Such Work in a
Nursery. — Apply, in writing, stating where previously em-
ployed, and wages required, Highgate Nurseries, London, N.

WANTED, a young Lady, as ASSISTANT,
in Cut Flower Department. Must be well up in
Bouquet and Wreath-making, &c. — t State experience and
wages required, to PERKINS and SONS, Warwick Road
Nursery, Coventry.

WANT PLACES.

Head Gardeners.

JOHN LAING and SONS can at present
recommend with every confidence Beveral energetic and
practical MEN of tested ability and first-rate character. Ladies
and Gentlemen in want of GAKDENERS and BAILIFFS, and
HEAD GARDENERS for first-rate Establishments or Single-
handed Situations, can be suited and have full particulars by
applying at Stanstead Park and Rutland Park Nurseries,
Forest Hill, London, S.E.

SCOTCH GARDENERS.— I have at present
several very superior MEN on my Register, whose cha-
racter and ability will bear the strictest investigation. —
JOHN DOWNLE, Seedsman, 144, Princes Street, Edinburgh.

Gardeners, Foresters, Land Stewards.

To Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring Land Agents,

STEWARDS. BAILIFFS, or GARDENERS.

JAMES GARTER and CO. have at all
times upon their Register reliable and competent MEN,
several of whom are personally well known to Messrs. Carter.
Enquiries should be made to 237 and 238, High Holborn. W.C.

Gardeners. Farm -Bailiffs, Foresters, &c.

DI C K S O N S, Royal Nurseries, Chester,
(Limited), are always in a position to RECOM-
MEND MEN of the highest respectability, and thoroughly
practical at their business. All particulars on application.
Telegraphic and Postal Address—" DICKSONS. CHESTER."

ORMISTON and RENWICK have on their
Register a number of experienced SCOTCH GAR-
DENERS and FORESTERS, whom they can confidently re-
commend.— Nursery and Seed Warehouse, Melrose, N.B.

RICHARD SMITH and C~6T
beg to announce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and that they
will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars,
&c. — St. John's Nurseries, Worcester.

ARDENER (Head).— Age 40, married, no

family ; thoroughly experienced in all branches. Good
character. — G. M., Mossfields, Whitchurch, Salop.

GARDENER (Head). — Possesses a thorough
Nursery Training, and can produce Flowers, Vegetables,
and Fruit in any quantity.— O. P. Q., 41, Wellington Street,
Strand, W.C.

ARDENER (Head).— Age 44, married, one

child ; thirty years' practical experience in Nobleman's
Gardens. Good references.— A. SUMAIERSELL, Wrotham
Park, Barnet.

GARDENER (Head), where one or two are
kept ; age 26.— Mr. Edmund Haxburv, of Poles. Ware,
Herts, wishes to recommend a young man, who for the past
four years has acted as Foreman in his Garden.

f^ ARDENER (Head) ; age 35, married no

vU~ family. — A Gentleman who is giving up, can highly
recommend his Head Gardener to any Lady or Gentleman re-
quiring a good practical man, good character, &c. — Please
apply to W. W., Sudbury Hill House, Harrow.

GARDENER (Head).— J. P. Leadbetter,
Gardener to A. Wilson, Esq.. Tranby Croft, Hull, begs
to recommend his Foreman, J. Sheddick, as a thoroughly
efficient and steady man. Good experience in all branches.
Excellent references.

GARDENER (Head) ; age 40, married.—
F. W.Thomas, Esq., wishes to recommend his Gardener
to any Nobleman, Lady, or Gentleman, requiring a thoroughly
competent man as above. First-class Grower of Fruits, Flowers,
and Vegetables; and to undertake General Management.—
Wannock, Polegate, Sussex.

September 7, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

287

GARDENER (Head "Working).— Age 31,
married ; seventeen vears" thorough practical experience
in all branches of the profession. Good testimonials.— G., Mr.
Hawkridge, Exeter Road, Newton Abbot.

GARDENER (Head Working). — Age 36,
married, no children ; thoroughly experienced and trust-
worthy. Three years' personal character.— J. W., *5, Orange
Tree Terrace, Wilmington, Kent.

■ /"GARDENER (Head Working); age 33.—

V^T W. Howard, Esq., The Grove, Teddington, will be
pleased to recommend his Gardener to any Lady or Gentleman
requiring a thorough practical all-round man. Nineteen years
j in first-class establisnments.— G. A. B., at above address.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 36,
married; twenty-three years' practical experience in
1 Flowers, Fruit, and Vegetables. Fourteen years as Head. Four
years' good character from present employer.— HY. LOVER,
The Gardens, Sugnall Hall, Eccleshall, Staffs.

ARDENER (Head Working).— Married,

two children, youngest age 10 ; thoroughly experienced
fin Early and Late Forcing, &c. Highest references from
■ present and former employers. — T. W., Monsou Road, Redhill,
Surrey.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 32,
married; well versed in the Culture of Choice Fruits,
; Flowers, and Vegetables, also Flower and Kitchen Gardening.
Eight years as Head in last situation. Can be highly
i recommended, — H. LOUTH, 25, Ospringe Road, Faversham.

GARDENER (Head Wobking).— Age 30,
married, no children ; sixteen years' experience in first-
class Gardens. Excellent references as to character and
abilities. — A. T., Springfield Cottages, Dorman's Land, East
Grinstead, Sussex.

GARDENER (Head Working).— W. Styles
can be highly recommended to any Lady or Gentleman
,as a thoroughly practical and trustworthy man. Twelve years
lin present situation. — Address, The Gardens. Brampton Bryan
Hall, Herefordshire.

GARDENER (Head Wobking).— A Lady
■wishes to recommend her late Head Gardener to any one
requiring the services of a trustworthy and reliable man. Six-
teen years' experience in all branches.— J. H., Mr. Bowden,
Forder, near Salta^h. Cornwall.

GARDENER (Head Working). — Age 33,
two children ; thoroughly practical, energetic, and
trustworthy. Excellent recommendations from previous em-
ployers. Eight years as Head.— CUBA, Mrs. Wessjns, Paper
Office. Baker Street, Enfield.

GARDENER (Head Working), where more
are kept. — Age 35 ; fifteen years' experience in all
branches of Gardening. A First Prize for Grape Growing.
Four years in last place.— For character, apply to Mr. TOOTH,
38, St. Aubyn's. West Brighton ; left at N. Austin Post Office,
Beconfield Road, Brighton.

GARDENER (Head Working), where one
or more are kept; married, one daughter (age 14). — A
'liKXTLEMAN^cau thoroughly recommend a man as above.
Experienced in Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Vines, &c. ;
also Land and Stock if required.— G. C, 7, Church Terrace,
Dead worth, Windsor.

GARDENER (Head Working), where two
or three are kept —Age 32, married ; strongly recom-
mended by present and previous employers as thoroughly
competent in all branches. Has been two years in present
situation. Leaving through the place being le% and reducing
of hands. Mr. Bradley can highly recommend as a thorough
industrious and neat Gardener, G. Davis, Calcot Gardens,
Reading.

GARDENER (Head Working, or good
Single-handed).— Age 33. married, three children;
thoroughly understands Vines, Melons, Cucumbers, Peaches,
Tomatos; Stove, Greenhouse, Flower, and Kitchen Garden.
Three years' character.— W. H., Ingersell Hou»e, Willesden
Green, N.W.

GARDENER (Head Working). — Age 47,
married ; abstainer. Twenty years' good practical expe-
rience. Forcing of all kinds, Fruits, Flowers, and Vegetables ;
good Kitchen and Flower Gardener ; can also take charge of
Land and Stock. Fifteen years' good characters, and highly
recommended.— F. H., 27, Kingsley Road, Maidstone, Kent.

GARDENER (Head, or - good Single-
handed). — Age 42, married, no incumbrance ; well up
'in all branches. Wife good Cook.— A. M., 9, Jacob's Well
Mews, Manchester Square, W.

GARDENER (Head, Single-handed), or
where more are kept. Fifteen years' experience in all
branches. A 1st prize for Grapes. Four years last place. -
For character apply, Mr. TOOTH, 38, St. Aubyn's. West
Brighton, Sussex.

GARDENER (Head or good Single-
HANDED).— Age 38. married, two children ; thoroughly
good all-round man ; hardworking. Three years' character. —
GARDENER, 16, Salisbury Road, Manor Park.

GARDENER (Single-handed), or would
take any place of trust.— Age 43, married, no children ;
good references.— Address, first instance, F. B., Chilton Mill,
Hungerford.

GARDENER (Second), or Single-handed
would suit.— Age 24 ; good experience and reference. —
tj. W. S., 48, Boove Street, Lee, London.

GARDEN ERS (Second or Single-handed).
—Two young men, ages 24 and 26. Seven years' ex-
perience ; four years' good character.— J. MAY, The Gardens,
Westfield, South Hayliog.

GARDENER (Second, or Single-handed).—
Single ; total abstainer. Ten and a half years' experi-
ence. Good character.— J. WELLS, South Farm, Worthing,
Sussex.

ARDENER (Second), where three or four

are kept.— Age 24, single ; ten and a half years' ex-
perience. Good character.— G. H., 31, Cowper Street, West
Brighton, Sussex.

GARDENER (Second) ; age 26, single.—
Walter Wilkinson-, Esq.. Ashley House, Wood Lane,
Handsworth, Birmingham, can with confidence recommend
Alfred Busby, to any Gentleman or Gardener requiring a steady
industrious young man.— BUSBY, Ashley House.

GARDENER (Second, or good Third), in
Large Establishment.— Age 23; seven years' experience.
Good references.— B. T., The Gardens, Cave Castle, E. Yorks.

GARDENER (Under).— Age 32, married;
no objection to one or two Cows. Wife to do plain
Washing or give Assistance in the House. A good character.
— T. S., 40, Maygrove Road, West Hampstead.

GARDENER (Under), Inside or Out ; age 23.
—A. Hawkes, Bishopshalt, Hillingdon, would be pleased
to recommend a young man as above. Honest and obliging,
and neat inhis work. Leaving through death. Address as above.

GARDENER (Under).— Age 23 ; respectable.
Has had eight years' experience. Inside and Out. Two
years' good character.— H. WELLS, The Gardens, Beeding
Wood, Horsham, Sussex.

OREMAN, in good establishment.— Age 26 ;

ten years'experience in good places.— THOMAS VINDEN,
Harlaxton Manor, Grantham.

FOREMAN ; age 25.— E. Beckett, Gardener
to H. H. Gibbs, Esq., will have every confidence in re-
commending his First Journeyman as above, where Gardening
is well carried out. Strong, active, and trustworthy, has been
employed here four-and-a-half years.— F. HEEREMANS, The
Gardens, Aldenham House, Elstree.

FOREMAN, or GARDENER where more are
kept. — Age 27 ; eleven years' experience ; five years as
Foreman. Highly recommended by present and previous em-
ployers.—C. DAVIES, Beckett, Shrivenham.

FOREMAN, or JOURNEYMAN, in good
place.— Age 21 ; three years in present situation. Good
references. Bothy preferred.— E. FIRKINS, Perdiswell Hall,
Worcester.

To Nurserymen.

FOREMAN, or MANAGER.— Age 36;
thorough practical ; has been Foreman in Large Nurseries
for thirteen years. -T. ELLIS, Foreman, The Nurseries, West
Wickham, Kent.

NURSERY FOREMAN, or MANAGER.—
Unusually well up in Indoor Departments, and can turn
out fine stuff in the least possible time. First-class knowledge
of out-of-the-way Plants. — CARPENTARIA, Gardeners'
Chronicle Office. 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

NURSERY FOREMAN.— Good at Orna-
mental Flower Work, Cork, &c. Many years expe-
rience.— ADVERTISER. 1, Fore Street. Salford.

I ^OREMAN, or Second, in Gentleman's Estab-
lishment.— Age 24; eight years' experience in good
places, well recommended. Abstainer. — FOREMAN, Grey's
Road, Henley-on-Thames, Oxon.

O" RCHID GROWER, or GARDENER (Head
Working).— Age 41, married; well up in the pro-
fession. Successful cultivator. High-class testimonials. —
GARDENER. York Cottages, Albert Road, Horley.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, under a
Foreman. — Age 20 ; three-and-a-half years' good char-
acter. Bothy preferred. — H., 57. Alfred Road, Harrow Road, W.

To Nurserymen.

JOURNEYMAN, on a General Outdoor Nur-
sery.— Young. A. B., West Horsley Place, Leatherhead,
Surrey.

JOURNEYMAN, Inside.— Age 22 ; ten years'
experience in Gardening. Good character. — A. P.,
New Lodge Rowfant, near Crawley, Sussex.

JOURNEYMAN, Inside and Out, under a
good Foreman. — Age 23 ; seven years' experience. Good
character.— R. MORLEY. The Gardens, Leeswood Hall, Mold,
Flint.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses. — Accus-
tomed to Fern Growing and general Market Work. Six
years' experience. Good character.— H. C, 9, Rock warden
Cottages, Sophia Road, Leyton, Essex.

JOURNEYMAN, in Houses, under Foreman ;
age 20.— H. PARROTT, Gardener, Wood End, Chichester,
can recommend young man as above. Two years in present
situation, four previous.

J^OURNIEYMAN.— Age 21; total abstainer.
Six years' experience. Fourteen months' good character
from present, and two years' from last situation. — D., 41, Wel-
lington Street, Strand, W.C.

JOURNEYMAN, First, in the Houses.—
L. Gray, son of J. Gray, Curator, West Indies, is at
liberty to engage with any Gardener requiring such. Previously

at B< li.'u 11 , Eden Hall, Ashridge Park, Appleby Castle.

Excellent testimonials. Suburbs of London preferred. — 65,
Mossbury Road, Clapham Junction. S.W.

IMPROVER, Indoor, or Indoor and Out.— Age
18 ; three years' experience, good character, — C. DOW-
LING, Sipson, vui Slough.

TMPROVER, in a good Establishment.—

-*- Age 18; a small premium will be paid. Five years'
experience.— J. C, Hele, Torquay.

TMPROVER, Indoor, or Indoor and Out.—

■*- Age 18; four years' character and experience. Refer-
ences from Gentlemen and Gardeners. — T. LOCKE, Sipson.
vui Slough. ■ *

TMPROVER, in the Garden, where he can

-*- obtain a general knowledge in Houses.— Age 21 ; bothy
preferred. Two years' good character from present employer.
— W. CLARK. Petteridge Place. Rrenchley.

TO NURSERYMEN.— Situation wanted.

-*- Age 24 ; nine years' experience in London Market Nur-
series. Well up in Pot Roses, Ferns, Fruit, and general
routine of Nursery Work. First-class references.— W. W..
3, Shirley Cottages, Sidcup, Kent.

rrO FLORETS.— Situation wanted, by young

J- man (age 26) ; well experienced in Plants, Cut Flowers,
Furnishing, Decorating, Sec. Good references. — J. W
176, Loveridge Road, Brondesbury, Kilburn, N.W.

£5 Premium.

TO FLORISTS.— Advertiser seeks a situation ■

-L under Glass, where he can acquire the Knowledge of
Flowers. Four years at last place in service, and has the
knowledge of Kitchen Garden.— F. NORRIS, 5. Chandos Road.
Tunbridge Wells, Kent.

TO NURSERYMEN.— Wanted, by a young

-L Man (age 21), who has served three years' apprenticeship
in one of the leading Nurseries in the country, and fifteen
months' experience since, a situation in a Large Nursery,
where he may have a chance of still further improving himself.
Satisfactory references.— W. J. W., 44, King's Road, Reading.

WANTED, by a respectable YOUTH (age
17), a situation as SECOND HAND to a first-class
Market Gardener.— Three years'experience.— B. B., 20, Clemens
Street, Leamington.

TO GENTLEMEN and GARDENERS.—

-L Wanted, by a young man, age 19, a situation in a Gentle-
man's Garden, where he would gain experience under Glass
as well as Outdoors ; seven years in present situation. Good
character.— C. CHUBB, Weyhill, Andover.

TO GARDENERS.— A respectable Lad (age
17) seeks a situation in a Private Garden ; strong,
willing.— J. HARRIS, 3, Wytham Terrace, Eynsham, Oxford.

TO NURSERYMEN.— Wanted for a Lad of

X. seventeen, a situation in a first class Nursery, with a
view to his acquiring a general Knowledge of the Business.
He is strong, industrious, and obliging, and has had two years*
experience.— ARTHUR, Mr. Saunders, Chemist, North Road,
Highgate, N.

CLERK. — Age 28 ; thirteen years' experience,
Nursery and Seed Trade, London and Country. Splendid
references. Good Correspondent and Accountant. — H., Post-
office, St. Albans.

SHOPMAN (Second), or ASSISTANT.—
O Thomas Kennedy & Co., Dumfries, can recommend a
young Man as above.

QHOPMAN (Assistant). — Age 19; good

O knowledge of Seed and Bulb Trade, Florists' Work, and
Bookkeeping. Good references.— A. GOLDRING, Singleton,
Chichester.

CEED and NURSERY TRADE.— Re-engage-

KJ ment wanted. Exceptional references. Can Compile
Catalogues, Advertisements, &c. ; and will undertake to eclipse
in effect any List yet in the Market. Can introduce many
Sterling Novelties in Seed, Rulb, and Plant Departments ; and
bring to light many rare Old-fashioned Plants. Would wil-
lingly work up a deteriorating business. — DIOSPYROS, 41,
Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

SEED TRADE. — Advertiser open for an
engagement. Twenty years' experience. Wholesale and
Retail. Married. Death and Disposal of Rusiness cause of
leaving. — J. Y., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Welington
Street, Strand, W.C.

SEED TRADE.— Situation wanted by young
man. Over four and a half years in good Scotch House.
Good references.— T. S. S., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41,
Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

WANTED TO APPRENTICE, a respectable
well educated Youth, to Learn the Seed Business. —
J. H. J., Messrs. Hurst & Son, 152, Houndsditch, E.

TO FLORISTS.— Wanted by a Lady, of tho-
roughly good West-end experience, a situation ; in the
country or seaside preferred. Highest references. — W. R.,
3, West Cliff Gardens, Folkestone.

W DROVER, firm of W. & G. Drover,
• Florists, Fareham, wishes to place his Daughter
(age 18) as one of the family. Well up to Wreaths, Sprays,
Bouquets, &c. No Sunday work. Terms moderate.

HOLLO WAY'S PILLS and OINTMENT.—
Bilious affections, with all their concomitant annoy-
ances induced by atmospheric changes, or too liberal diet,
Bhould be checked at once, or serious consequences may ensue.
When any one rinds his ideas less clear than usual, his eye-
sight dimmed, and his head dizzy, accompanied by a disincli-
nation of all exertion, physical or mental, he may be quite
sure that he is in immediate need of some alterative medicine.
Let him at once send for a box of Holloway's Pills, a mild
course of which will remove the symptoms, and speedily renew
his healthy feeling. If the bowels be irritable, Holloway's
Ointment should be diligently rubbed over the stomach and
liver every night and morning.

288

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 7, 1889.

THOMAS GREEN & SON, Limited,

SMITHFIELD IRONWORKS, LEEDS, AND SURREY WORKS, BLAOKFRIARS ROAD, LONDON, S.E.,

HORTICULTURAL ENGINEERS to HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN, call Special Attention to their Patent Wrought-Iron Municipal or Angular Chambered and Tubular

HOT-WATER BOILERS,

And others with SHELVES, and Hollow or Ordinary Cast-iron GRATE BARS.

ninni r Dflll L"DO With WATERWAY BACKS and WELDED BOILERS, any of -which are specially adapted for Heating Greenhouses, Conservatories, Churches, Chapels,
oAUULt DUILtnO, Schools, Public Buildings, Entrance Halls, Warehouses, Workshops, &c. They are the neatest, cheapest, most effective, and durable of any extant.

The MUNICIPAL and TUBULAR ones are remarkable for their great heating power, slow combustion, and the length of time the fire will burn without requiring attention.

These Patterns secured the FIRST and HIGHEST PRIZE— a SILVER MEDAL— at the Royal Horticultural Society's Exhibition, South Kensington, London, June 1, 1881.

SIBHIIilliB

KitnBin
■ * u

~ until

Sill

The Best Boiler Extant.

i ;

■■■::•■ ____

.^— Front Elevation —

— Longitudinal SircTia:

SECTIONAL PLAN

The longitudinal section gives a view of the fire-box, water space, flues, &c. The cross section gives a view of the fire-box, water space and V-9haped back.

The front elevation shows it set in brickwork, which is necessary for this class of boiler.

SIZES AND PRICES.

MBl

3 ft

in.

long by 2

in.

wide

by 2

ft.

0 in.

deep ,

MB 2

„ by 2

by 2

Calculated to

MB3

„ by 2

by 2

" r

heat 4-in. piping

M B 4

„ by 3

j»

by 3

as follows : —

MB 5

,, by 4

j j

by 3

)

, 1000 ft.

1280
\ 2200
/4000
I 7000

Price £15

„ 21

„ 32

„ 60

TESTIMONIALS.

Re HEATING APPARATUS.

MESSRS. THOS. GREEN AND SON, Ltd., NORTH STREET, LEEDS. Re HEATING APPARATUS. Borough Engineer's Office, Municipal Buildings, Leeds. January 9, 1888.

Gentlemen, — I have great pleasure in bearing testimony to the efficiency and satisfactory working of the Hot- water Heating Apparatus you erected in these public buildings.

The buildings are four storeys high, anil we have a total length of about 28,000 feet of piping in them, varying in size from 1A in. to 6 in. diameter, with their connections, &c. The several
offices and rooms can all be in operation at one time or separately, and the heat regulated by means of the valves to the temperature required, even in the coldest weather.

Two of your Patent Municipal Pattern Boilers, No. 4, work the whole of this piping easily, although we have three of them fixed. They are very powerful and economical in the consump-
tion of fuel, and I am pleased to be able to report of them and the apparatus so favourably. I am, Gentlemen, yours truly, THOS. HEWSON, Borough Engineer.

Morley House, Bagot, St. Saviour's, Jersey, November \0th, 1886.

Gentlemen,— The large Municipal Boiler which you sent me last year is doing its work satisfactorily; it is heating 5.000 feet of 4-inch pipe in one of my vineries, and I am quite sure that
it has power tu work a much greater length, while in cost of fuel it compares favourably with my other Boilers.

I have now five of your Boilers in use, and I cannot speak too well of their heating powers, or their comparatively small consumption of fuel.
Messrs. THOS. GREK.>J AMD SJ.V, Ltd., LEED3. Yours faithfully. (Signed) G. W. BASHFORD.

AND HUNDREDS OF OTHER REFERENCES CAN BE GIVEN IF REQUIRED.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE FORM OF SUBSCRIPTION.

From

W. RICHARDS,

41, Wkllington Street, Strand,
LONDON, W.C.

Phase send me "The Gardeners' Chronicle"
commencing , for which I enclose P. 0.0

for

1889.

Months.

Please Note that all Copies Sent Direct from tnis Office must be paid for in advance.

THE UNITED KINGDOM : — 12 Months, 15s. ; 6 Months, 7s. 6d. ; 3 Months. 3s. 9d. ; Post-free.
FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTIONS (excepting India and China) :— Including Postage, 17s. 6d. for Twelve Months. India and China, 19s.

Receipts for leas than six months' subscription will not be sent unless specially asked for.

P. 0.0. to be made payable at the Post Office, No. 42, DRURY LANE, London, to W. RICHARDS.

Cheque* should be crowed " DMT7MMOND."

6d.

G. C,

Sept. 7, 1889.

R litorial Communications sh juld be addressed to " The Editor ;" Advertisements and Business Letters to " The Publisher," at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, Loudon, W.C.
printed by William Richards, at the Office of Messrs. Bradbury, Aghevv, & Co., Limb.ird Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City of London, in the County of Middlesex, and published by the
aid William Richards at the Office, 41, Wellingtou Street, Parish of St. Paul's. Cjvent Garden, in the said County.— Saturday, September 7, 1889. Agent for Manchest;r— John Heywood. '

Established 1841

No. 2542.

No. 142.— Vol. VI. {s„} SATUKDAY, SEPTEMBER 14, 1889.

[Regt. as a Newspaper./ "RICE 3ll<
\ Post-free, 3$<f.

CONTENTS.

Allamanda violacea

304

Obituary : —

Anomatheca grandiflora

304

Tillyard, Mr. G. B. ...

304

Birds and fruit

304

Orchid houses, the

301

Books : —

,, no'es

2*4

British Apples

302

Pharus, fruits of

303

Cryptogamic Botany...

300

Plant-collar

306

Medizinal Pflanzen ...

301

Plumeria bicolor

303

Petit Jardin, Le

301

Podophyllum pleian-

Colonial notes

300

thum

298

Crocosma aurea vars. ...

303

Roses, uupruned

305

Cultural memoranda ...

297

Royal Salep

304

C phomandra fragrans...

304

Saxifraga Macnabiana ...

2i>5

Cypripedium niveum ...

294

Sciadopitys

303

English gardening, his-

Scotland

305

tory of

293

Societies : —

Eryngium Oliverianum .

298

Aberdeen

310

Eulophia callichroma ...

298

Bath Floral Fete

309

Ferrieres ...

302

Crvstal Palace Fruit...

307

Florists' flo%vers

299

Dalkeith

305

Flower garden, the

301

National Chrysanthe-

Fruits under glass

301

mum ...

309

Gerdening appointments

314

National Dahlia

30rt

Sfc *y fruit garden

301

Royal Caledonian

308

Heruaceous border

298

Royal Horticultural ...

30ri

Hyacinth, the

299

Tomato, Ham Green

Iris Ksempferi

298

Favourite

305

Ixora macrothyrsa

303

Vanda Kimballiana

?94

Kitchen garden, the

301

Vegetable Conference, 30-

,305

Laing, J. & Son's nursery

29S

Veitch, J. & Sons',

Medinilla amabilis

304

nursery

295

ILLU8TR

ATION8.

Ferrieres, the Winter Garden a

303

Plant-collar, expanding..

3117

Podophyllum pleianthum

299

Tillyard, the late Mr. G. B. .

3115

Garden of the fifteenth century

329

Advertisers are specially requested to note, that,
under no circumstances whatever, can any
particular position be guaranteed for ad-
vertisements occupying less space than an
entire column.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE
IN AMERICA.

The Subscription to America, including Postage, is $4.30 for
Twelve Months.

Agent for America :— E. H. LIBBY, "The American Garden,"
751, Broadway, New York, to whom American Orders may
be sent.

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.
Chiswick Gardens.
NATIONAL VEGETABLE CONFERENCE and EXHIBI-
TION of VEGE CABLES. SEPTEMBER 24, 25, and 20.

Notice to Exhibitors. — Entries Close on Friday,
September 20. All Exhibits should be addressed to Mr. A. i".
BARRON, Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens, Chiswick.

ROYAL BOTANICAL and HORTICULTU-
RAL SOCIETY of MANCHESTER.— EXHIBITION of
FRUITS and FLOWERS, SEPTEMBER 20 and 21. For
Schedules, apply to the undersigned,
Botanic Gardens, Manchester.

BRUCE FINDLAY.

New Catalogues.

CHARLES TURNER'S New and Descriptive
CATALOGUES are now ready, and will be sent free on
application, viz. :— A CATALOGUE of Dutch and other Bulbs,
also CATALOGUE of Carnations, Coves, Pkotees, Pinks, &c.
The Royal Nurseries. Slough.

TUst harvested In splendid condition, a fine sample of
'PRIFOLIUM INCARNATUM, English Seed.

-1- Sample and Price very low of

HARRISON and SONS, Seed Growers. Leicester.

IfERNS, FERNS, in great variety.
PALMS, &c. An inspection invited.
H. STROUD and SONS, 182, Green Lanes, Finsbury Park, N.

STRAWBERRIES.— Leading kinds, in 3|-inch
pots, for immediate Planting or Potting on for Forcing.
Send for LIST.

FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Sheen Nurseries, Richmond,
Surrey ; and Flower Market, Covent Garden, W.C.

DUTCH BULBS.— Our first importations are
to hand, in splendid condition, at prices to suit all.
CATALOGUES gratis and post-free.
HTTMPHRYS and HEALE, 107, Holloway Road, N.

HURST and SON have still a very fine stock
of ROMAN HYACINTHS, LILIUM CANDIDUM,
Paper-white NARCfSS, and other forcing BULBS: also a
complete assortment of DUTCH and ENGLISH BULBS, in-
cluding Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocus, Snowdrops, Narcissus,
&c, &c. at extremely moderate prices.
CATALOGUES and special offers on application.

Seed Warehouse, 152. Houndsditch, Loudon, E.C.

Camellias, Azaleas, Rhododendrons, Palms, Orchids,

&c. Plants grown specially for English use.

CVUYLSTEKE, Nurseryman,
• Loochristy, Ghent, Belgium.

Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and may be had,
free on application to
Messrs. R. SILBEREUD and SON", 25, Savage Gardens,
Crutched Friars. London, E.C.

BARR'S NEW DAFFODIL
"MRS. GEORGE CAMMELL," The Great Spmish
Beauty. Amongst Daffodils this is the most distinct in cha-
racter, and the most refined in beauty ; perfectly hardy. 21s.
per dozen. 2s. each ; extra large bulbs, 30s. per dozen, 3s. each.

Barr's General Bulb Catalogue free on appliCition.

Barr's Daffodil and Plant Catalogue free on application.

Barr's Rare Species of Crocus and Meadow Saffron List on
application.
BARR and SON, 12 and 13, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

Strawberries, from the Garden of England.

GEORGE BQNYARD and CO. can now
offer very fine Runners and Plants in small pots of all
the finest kinds. LIST free.

Old Nurseries, Maidstone.

HENRY SQUELCH (late Squelch & Barn-
ham) RECEIVES CONSIGNMENTS of good Black
Grapes, Muscats. Cucumbers. Tomatos, and Beans ; also all
kinds ot choice Hothouse Flowers. H. Squelch's trade being
especially for First-class Hothouse Produce, and he having a
connection amongst the best Houses in London and Country, is
able to command highest Market Prices. Account Sales fur-
nished daily, and ac. ounts settled weekly, or as desired.
Empties and Labels Supplied. B inkers' and other references.
North Row, Covent Garden Market, W.C.

PEACHES, FIGS, GRAPES, CUCUMBERS,
TOMATOS, &c. Highest Market Prices guaranteed.
Prompt Cash.— HENKY RIDES. Covent Garden.

MESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS,
Nurserymen, Sidcup, and 285, 286, 287, 288, Flower
Market, Covent Garden, London, W.C, are open to RECEIVE
CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS in any quantity
for their Commission Department. Boxes and Labels supplied.
Telegraph Address — " COMMISSION, SIDCUP."

JW. BARNHAM (late of Squelch &
* Barnham) RECEIVES ON COMMISSION, GRAPES,
TOMATOS, and other Choice FRUITS ; also FLOWERS. His
personal attention securing highest Market Prices. Account
Sales daily, and cheques at option. Baskets and labels found.
Long Market, Covent Garden, W.C.

WANTED, a few thousands of GERANIUM
CUTTINGS— West Brighton Gem, or Vesuvius; also
Gem CALCEOLARIA CUTTINGS.
HOWES AND SON, Blackstock Road, Finsbury Park, London, N.

ANTED, 1000 Cuttings, CALCEOLARIA

GOLDEN GEM. Send price to
J. CHEAL and SONS, The Nurseries, Crawley.

WANTED, Bronze, Tricolor, and Vesuvius
GERANIUM CUTTINGS; also ECHEVERIA SE-
CUNDA GLAUCA, for cash.

A. MAWER, Clarendon Nursery, Sale, Cheshire.

WANTED, STOVE and GREENHOUSE
PLANTS, small from stores; Gold and Silver Tri-
colors (not Pollock's), Primulas, Hardy, all varieties ; Poly-
anthus, named ; Hepaticas angulosa, white, double and single
blue ; named Show Pinks and Auriculas, Asparagus, Plumosa
nana, Daphnes. Large scarlet and blue Salvias; Raspberry
Canes, red and yellow ; Choisya temata. W. A. Richardson
Rose ; small Orchids, Hollyhocks, good Herbaceous Plants, &c.
Address, R. C, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

SUTTON'S BULBS.— The best of the season.
"I think your Hyacinths beat all others. "—Mrs. Frank
Stericker, Danby House.

SUTTON'S HYACINTHS, TULIPS, NAR-
CISSUS, CROCUS, SNOWDROPS, LILIES, and other
spring flowering Bulbs, are now ready for delivery. Orders
value bs.. Carriage Free.

BUTTON'S BULBS, Genuine only Direct

O FROM

SUTTON and SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen, READING.

GENISTAS.— For Sale, a few thousands, in
3-inch pots, at 8s. per 100 ; fine bushy plants, in 40-pots,
34s. per 100.

Cash with order to be made payable at High Street,
Leyton.

T. BALDWIN AND SON,
Edith Nursery, Burchall Road, Leyton.

LILIES OF THE VALLEY!
English- grown I
The best for early forcing, finest large flowers, and superior
in every respect to German crowns. Price per 1000, 10,000, to
100,000 on application.

T. JANNOCH, Lily of the Valley Grower by Special Appoint-
ment to H.R.H. The Prince of Wales, Dersingham, King's
Lynn, Norfolk.

ROMAN HYACINTHS, NARCISSUS,
LILIUMS, TUBEROSES, and many other FRENCH
BULBS, grown and offered by LOUIS BREMOND, fils,
Ollioules, Fr.tnce.

WHOLESALE LIST on application to WILLIAM DEN-
MAN, 7, Catherine Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C.

To the Trade.

FC. M A L L E R begs to offer 10,000
• MISS JOLIFFE CARNATIONS, extra strong stuff ;
also 7000 well berried bushy SOLANUMS. Price p.-r 100 or
IOiJO, on application to Burr Farm Nursery, Bexley Heath.

PALMS. — Leading decorative sorts in many
sizes, great quantities, and in finest health.
FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Nurseryman, Richmond, Surrey;
and Flower Market, Covent Garden. W.C.

DUTCH BULBS! — BULBS!— BULBS!—
Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcissi. Crocuses, Anemones, Ra-
nunculus, Lilies, and all other Bulbous Plants and Roots.
Goods delivered entirely free of any charge at destination in
Great Britain and Ireland. No packing charges. The most
favourable and easy terms ever offered. Only th- finest roots,
guaranteed true to name, supplied at lowest prices. Beauti-
fully illustrated English CATALOGUE for Amateurs, gratis
and post-free on application to VAN MEERBEEK and CO.,
Growers, Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland.

UOR SALE, ADIANTUM FARLEYENSIS.

A. Twenty large Plants, in 8-inch pots, splendid stuff, from
10s. id. each.— R. WILSON, Mitchelstown Castle, co. Cork.

RHUBARB.— 20,000 large Roots, ten years
old, suitable for forcing. £1 per 100, on rail. Cash with
order. J. .7. CLARK, West Brighton, Sussex.

STRAWBERRIES a Specialty.
A. F. BARRON, turned out of pots, 25s. per 100.

,, Runners 20s. per 100.

NOBLE, turned out of pots 16s. per 100.

„ Runners 10s. per 100.

Sixteen varieties grown. Warranted first-class plants.
R. GILBERT. Hi^h Park. Stamford.

STRAWBERRY RUNNERS for FRUITING
NEXT SEASON.— Thury, Paxton, President, and other
favourite varieties. Descriptive LIST, with prices, on appli-
cation. Sample of plants, post-free, 3d.

W. LOVELL AND SON, Strawberry Planters, Driffield.

ICOTINE SOAP.— An effectual eradicator

of all insect pests affecting plants, without injury
to foliage. Jars, Is. tid.t 3s., 5s. 6tf. ; Tins, 15s. tid., 25s., 95s.
All See Ismen and Florists.

THOMSON'S IMPROVED VINE and PLANT

JL MANURE. — This valuable Manure is made only by us.
Every bag and tin has our name on it. To be had of all Nursery
and Seedsmen, and direct from us. 1 cwt. and overcarriag*
paid. London Agent— Mr. GEORGE, 10, Victoria Road, Putnev.
\VM. THOMSON and SONS, Clovenfords, Galashiels, N.B."

290

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 14, 1889.

SALES by AUCTION.

Splendid Bulbs from Holland.

SALES every MONDAY, WEDNESDAY, and SATURDAY,
iu Large and Small Lot9, to 9uit all Buyers.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent
Garden, W.C., every MONDAY, WEDNESDAY and SATUR-
DAY, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely each day, first-class
consignments of choice named HYACINTHS, TULIPS,
CROCUSES, SCILLAS, NARCISSUS, and other BULBS,
arriving daily from well-known farms in Holland.

On view mornings of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Wednesday next.— (Sale No. 7984.)

SEVERAL HUNDRED beautiful PLANTS of AZALEA
INDICA, and a consignment of DRAC.2ENA INDIVISA,
just received from Ghent, in splendid condition.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will include the above
in his SALE by AUCTION at his Great Rooms. 38, King
Street, Covent Garden, W.C., on WEDNESDAY NEXT, Sep-
tember 18, at half past 12 o'Clock precisely.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Thursday Next. -(Sale No. 7985.)

FIRST-CLASS BULBS from Holland.

SPECIAL TRADE SALE.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent
Garden, W.C., on THURSDAY NEXT, September 19, at half-
past 12 o'Clock precisely, extensive consignments of FIRST-
CLASS BULBS, received from well-known Farms in Holland,
lotted to suit the Trade and other Large Buyers.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Dutch Bulbs.

GREAT UNRESERVED SALES, every MONDAY, WEDNES-
DAY, THURSDAY, and SATURDAY:

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67
and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C., every MONDAY, WED-
NESDAY, THURSDAY, and SATURDAY, at half-past
11 o'Clock each day, extensive consignments of first-class
HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUS, NARCISSUS, and other
BULBS, from Holland, lotted to suit tbe Trade and Private
Buyers.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Dyson's Lane Nursery, Upper Edmonton,

(about 5 minutes' walk from Angel Road, and 8 minutes from
Silver Street Railway Station, G.E.R.)
FOURTH ANNUAL TRADE SALE of about 45,000 GREEN-
HOUSE and OTHER PLANTS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Mr. H. B. May, to SELL by AUCTION,
on the Premises, Dyson's Lane Nursery, Upper Edmonton, on
MONDAY NEXT, September 16, at 11 for 12~o'01ock punctually,
in consequence of the large number of Lots, about -45,000 STOVE
and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, remarkably well-grown and in
the best possible condition, including: —

20,000 Ferns, all of the most
useful market sorts,
and many novelties.

10,000 Tree Carnations, inclu-
ding a fine lot of Mrs.
Reynolds Hole, Mdlle.
Carle, A. Alegatierre,
Andalusia, Old Crim-
son Clove, Sec.

Crotons, Dracaenas, Eucharis

Tea Roses in Pots, Mareehal
Niel, Gloire de Dijon,
and W. A. Richardson.

10,000 Bouvardias, including
President Cleveland,
Mrs. Robert Green
(new) ; Jasminoides,
Candidissima.

6000Genistas, fine bushy stuff.

amazonica, Aralias, Statices,

Euphorbia jacquiniflora, &c, Ampelopsis Veitchii, Clematis,
and Ivies, Cyclamen, Double White Primulas, English-grown
Camellias, well set with buds; Azileas, forward in bud, for
early forcing; Ficus elastica, Aralia Sieboldii, small Heaths,
Genistas, Bouvardias &c, for growing on, and a great variety
of other useful plants.

May be viewed any day previous to the Sale. Catalogues
may be obtained on the Premises ; and of the Auctioneers, 67
and 68, Cheapside, E.C., and Leytonstone, E.

Lee, Kent, S.E.

GREAT ANNUAL TRADE SALE, to commence punctually at
11 o'Clock, there being upwards of 1200 lots to Sell iu one
day.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Messrs. B. Mailer & Sons, to SELL by
AUCTION, on the Premises, the Burnt Ash Lane Nurseries,
Lee, Kent, S.E., adjoining the Lee Railway Station, S.E.R.,
on TUESDAY NEXT, September 17, at 11 o'Clock punctually,
without reserve, a large quantity of remarkably well-grown
WINTER BLOOMING HEATHS, and other STOVE and
GREENHOUSE PLANTS, consisting of i

20,000 Erica hyemalis
5,000
2,000
1,000

600

gracilis
Cavendishii
coccinea minor
caffra

melanthera, all
well set with bloom-
buds
2,500 Grevillea robusta
l,0u0 Ampelopsis Veitchii
34 Camellias, specimens

600 Cyclamen
1.500 Epacris

£00 Boronia megastigma
5,000 Genistas
3,000 Solanum capsicastrum,

well berried
2,500 Bourvardias
1,000 Adiantum cuneatum

500 Lomaria gibba

800 Tea Roses (in pots)

500 Aralia Sieboldii

with a large quantity of young Erica hyemalis, E. Cavendishii,
E. gracilis, and others; also Genistas, all in 60-pots for
growing on.

The Stock is now on view. Catalogues may be had on the
Premises; at the Seed Warehouse, 61, High Street, Lewis-
ham, S.E. ; and of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68,
Cheapside, London, E.C.

Wednesday Next.

1000 AZALEA INDICA, from Belgium, including 500
Deutsche Perle.
100 CAMELLIAS.
200 AZALEA MOLLIS, and 400 lots of DUTCH BULBS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL the above at their Central Auction Rooms, 67
and 68, Cheapside, E.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT, Sep-
tember 18, at half-past 11 o'Clock precisely.

On view Morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Lea Bridge Road, E.

ANNUAL UNRESERVED TRADE SALE of FINE WINTER-

FLOWERLNG HEATHS, &C.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. John Fraser to SELL by
AUCTION, on the Premises, the Lea Bridge Nurseries, Lea
Bridge Road, Leyton, E. (close to the Hoe Street Station,
Great Eastern Railway), on WEDNESDAY NEXT, September 18,
at 11 o'Clock precisely, in cousequence of the large number of
lots, a large quantity of WINTER-FLOWERING and other
PLANTS, including : —

12,000 Erica hyemalis
3,000 Tree Carnations
4,000 Erica gracilis
6,000 Genista fragrans
6,000 Ampelopsis Veitchii,

4 feet
2,000 Epacris

2,000 Lapageria rosea superba
6,000 Cyclamen persicum

(Fraser's superb strain)
2,000 Passidora Constance

Elliot and ccerulea
1,000 Variegated and other

Ivies

2,000 Marechal Niel, Gloire de

Dijon, William Allen

Richardson, and other

Roses, 8 to 10 feet

6,000 Clematis Jackmanii, and

other best- named sorts
1 ,000 Deutzia gracilis, esta-
blished in pots
6,000 Bouvardias, including a
lot of '* President Cleve-
land"
5,000 Solanums, beautifully

berried
1,T)00 Clematis indivisa lobata
and a great number of Araucaria excelsa, Erica perspicua
erecta. Erica caffra, large-flowering white Jasmines, Honey-
suckles, Stephanotis tioribunda, Ivy-leaved Geraniums,
Boronia megastigma and heterophylla, Escallonia macrantha,
Gum Cistus, Japanese Honeysuckles, Ceanothus, and other
plants. Also a large quantity of young Heaths and Genistas,
for potting on.

The whole of the Stock is in the best condition, and ready for
immediate sale.

Hoe Street Station, on the Great Eastern Railway, is
within a short distance of the Nursery. Trains from Liverpool
Street every half-hour.

Maybe viewed. Catalogues had on the Premises; and of
the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C, and
Leytonstone, E.

Enfield Highway, N.
The Brimsdown Nursery, adjoining Brimsdown
Station, G. E. R.
TWENTY-FIRST ANNUAL TRADE SALE of STOVE and
GREENHOUSE PLANTS. The Sale to commence punc-
tually at 11 o'Clock, there being upwards of 1200 Lots to
Sell in one day.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Mr. J. Mailer, to SELL by AUCTION, on
the Premises, The Brimsdown Nursery, Green Street, Enfield
Highway, N., adjoining the Brimsdown Station, G. E. R , on
THURSDAY NEXT, September 19, at half-past 10 for 11 o'Clock
punctually, in consequence of the large number of Lots, large
quantities of remarkably well-grown STOVE and GREEN-
HOUSE PLANTS, comprising :

15,000 Winter -blooming
Heaths, including hye-
malis, gracilis, caffra,
Wilmorea, ventricosas
in variety, &c.

5,000 Solanums, exception-
ally well-grown and
berried

5,000 Ferns, Adiantums, Lo-
marias, Pteris, &c.

3,000 Tree and other Carna-
tions, leading varieties,
including 200 "Ger-
mania"

1,000 Epacris to name
,5,000 Bouvardias, including
President Cleveland,
Vulcan, and other best
varieties

1,000 Grevillea robusta
5,000 Geni-hi-*
1,000 double white Primulas
1,000 Stove and Greenhouse
Climbers, including Al-
lamandas, Bougainvil-
leas, Stephanotis, Tac-
sonias, &c.
Dipladenias of sorts
1,000 Passiflora
2,000 Ampelopsis Veitchii
500 Crotons, beautifully

coloured
150 Chrysanthemum " Mrs.
Alphreus Hardy,"

strong plants in 48's,
Palms, Ficus, Camel-
lias, and Azaleas for
cutting

Many thousands of small Ericas, Genistas, Ferns, &c.
Large quantities of Acacias, Gardenias, Euphorbia jacquini-
flora. Geraniums, Chrysanthemums, Poinsettias, Euonymus
ovatus aureus, &c, suitable for the Trade and other extensive
Buyers.

May be viewed. Catalogues had on the Premises, and also
at the Brunswick Nursery, Tottenham ; and of the Auc-
tioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C, and Leytonstone, E.

N.B. — The whole of the Stock is in first-rate condition, the
Ericas being especially well set for flower, and the Solanums
unusually well berried.

Friday Next, September 20.

SPECIAL SALE of ESTABLISHED and IMPORTED

ORCHIDS. Important to the Trade.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Messrs. Sander & Co. to SELL by
AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside,
E.C, on FRIDAY NEXT, September 20, at half-past 12 o'clock,
a large quantity of IMPORTED and ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

The First Portion of the Entire Stock of Established

ORCHIDS, by order of Mr. J. E. Bonny, who is relin-
quishing the business, and disposing of the Nursery.
FOR SALE ENTIRELY WITHOUT RESERVE.
Important to Gentlemen forming Collections.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Mr. J. E. Bonny, to SELL by AUCTION,
at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and ,68, Cheapside, London,
E.C, on FRIDAY, September 27. at half-past 12 o'clock pre-
cisely, the fir^t portion of the entire collection of unusually
well-grown ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS. Mr. Bonny has the
reputation of being one of the best Orchid growers in the
country, and the whole of the plants offered are particularly
clean and healthy.

Further particulars will appear next week!

N.B.— The LEASE of the NURSERY is FOR DISPOSAL.

There are 6 GREENHOUSES, all admirably heated ; Stables,

and 1 Acre of Ground ; held at the very moderate rental of £20

per annum.

Full particulars of Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS.

Preliminary Notice.

The well-known Collection of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS
formed by the late C. J. Partington, Esq., of Heatou
House, Cheshunt, and including undoubtedly the finest lot
of Phaltenopsis that has been offered for m iny years

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS beg
to announce that they have been favoured with instruc-
tions to prepare for SALE by AUCTION, in the month of
OCTOBER NEXT, the above well-known Collection of
ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, including an exceptionally fine
lot of Phaleenopsis, the whole of the plants being remarkably
well grown, and in excellent condition. The Collection also
includes a very fine batch of Cattleya Mendelii, five, plants of
C Gaskelliana alba, C. Mossise, a splendid lot of Masdevallias
and others.

Further particulars will appear in future announcements.
Catalogues are now in course of preparation.
67 and 63, Cheapside, E.C

To Nurserymen, Florists and Others.

AT NOMINAL RESERVES.— LARGE PLOTS of FREEHOLD
LAND, on the Millbridge Estate, Edmonton. Possession
on Payment of Deposit, Balance spread over Five Years.
Free Conveyance.

MR. ALFRED RICHARDS is instructed by
the Directorsof the Land Investment Company (Limited)
to SELL by AUCTION, at the Angel Hotel, Edmonton, oil
WEDNESDAY, September 25, at 6 for 7 o'Clock precisely, in
the evening, in Lots, about 13 ACRES of most eligible FREE-
HOLD LAND, situate immediately in the rear of the Main
Road from London to Hertford. The* Lo.ts will be offered in
blocks varying in size from a quarter of an acre to 4 acres, and
will be eligible either for the erection of Glass-houses for
Florists or Nursery Purposes, or for sub-division and re-sa!e in
plots. The payment of the purchase money may (if desired),
be spread over a period of five years. Possession of the Land
may be had on payment of 10 per Cent, deposit, and a free
conveyance will be given by the Vendors. The Millbridge
Estate is a short distance from the Edmonton Station, on the
Great Eastern Railway ; the trams pass along the main road,
and the new line of railway, from Edmonton to Cheshunt, now
in course of construction, will materially enhance the value of
the land to be offered. .

May be viewed, and particulars, with plans and conditions of
Sale, obtained of G. THATCHER, Esq., 19, Bennet's Hill ; and
of the Auctioneer, Tottenham, and 8, New Broad Street, E.C.

Apply for particulars to Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS,
Auctioneersand Land A gents, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London E.C.

i London. N W.

FOR SALE, a capital NURSERY, comprising
about an Acre of Ground, with Dwelling-House, 14
Glasshouses, all heated ; Pits anil Stabling. Rent £60 per
annum. Price for long Lease, Goodwill, Stock, Glassli:uses,
and Utensils in Trade. £1700. Part could remain.

Apply, PROTHEROE and MORRIS, 67 and 68, Cheapside,
London. E.C

Extensive and desirable Nursery Business for Sale,
at Annan, Dumfriesshire. -

THERE IS FOR SALE, by Private Bargain,
as a going concern, the Old-established NURSERY
BUSINESS, so long and successfully carried ou. under the firm
of Messrs. John Palmer & Son, by the late William Palmer,
Nurseryman, Annan.

The Nurseries are in the highest state of cultivation, and
the Stock is exceptionally healthy and good. It consists of
seedling and transplanted Forest Trees ; seedling and bedding
Shrubs of all sorts ; and a fine collection of good growing
Coniferce ; with ornamental Trees, and Roses of the finest and
most varied sorts. There is also a fine and varied stock of Fruit
and other Trees, all in excellent growth and in great demand.
In connection with the Nurseries, there are Sheds and Grounds
set apart and completely fitted up, for propagating and other
purposes.

The Nurseries are situated close to the Station of Annan, on
the main line of the Glasgow and South- Western Railway;
and also near to the Station, on the" line of the Caledonian
Railway Company.

Application for any further particulars may be made to
Messrs. BROWN and LITTLE, British Linen Company Bank,
Annan, who will arrange for inspection of the Nurseries.

Hampton-on- Thames.

To FLORISTS, NURSERYMEN, and OTHERS.

FOR SALE, with immediate possession, a
FREEHOLD ORCHARD, containing over 5acres, crowded
with excellent Fruit Trees, &c. ; 3 minutes from station. Price
low to an immediate purchaser. Also several small sites well
adapted for Nursery purposes.

Apply ti) Mr. .10HV EMBLETON, Auctioneer and Estate
Agent, Suffolk House, New Hampton.

Surrey.— To Plant and Fruit Growers.

TO BE LET, on LEASE, an Acre of walled-
in GARDEN, and several Glass-houses, heated, attached
to a Gentleman's Residence.

Rent, and full particulars, of PROTHEROE AND MORRIS,
67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C.

September 14, 1S89.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

291

TO BE SOLD, the Roots of 2 Acres 5 Perches
of RHUBARB, adjoining the Holborn Estate Alms-
houses at Tooting.. To be viewed on application to the GAR-
DENER, at the Almshouses. Tenders for the same to be sent
on or before MONDAY, the 23rd iust., to the CLERK of the
Holborn Estate Charity, 16, Houghton Street, Strand, W.C.

To Gardeners and Others.

FOR SALE, complete or any part of same, a
splendid CIRCULAR, IRON and GLASS ROOF with
the return Hip, containing fourteen Circular Wrought-iron
Girders (lately forming the Roof of the Conservatory at the
HorUcultural Gardens! °S<mth Kensington); the Glass will be
Sold semrately. or together with the Ironwork.

Applfto Mr GOODMAN, Hartham Works, Hartham Road,
Holloway, N.

TO BE LET, for Christmas Next, the well-
appointed family residence BAGOT MANOR, within a
mile of St. Helier's, Jersev, with all its Vinerie9 and Green-
houses and extensive Fruit Plantations of upwards of 50,000
choice Pear Trees now in full bearing. The property is
divided into three sections, surrounded with high walls,
extending over two miles, on which grow choice Fruit Trees
also in full bearing.

No. 2. — Contains II acres of Fruit Plantation laid out in
squares, edged by Strawberry and Asparagus Plants, all of
which is completely walled in.

No. 3. — Contains 3j acres, most of which is also planted with
choice Trees in full bearing, all completely walled in.

For particulars, apply to G. P. BENEST, House and Estate
Agent, 18, Queen Street, Jersey.

Channel Islands.

TO LET, Highfield, St. Saviour's, Jersey,
delightful RESIDENCE, with 15 Green and Hot Houses,
in full bearing.

Particulars, Mrs. BRAYN, on Premises.

TO BE LET, at Michaelmas next, the
PILTDOWN NURSERIES, Maresfield, Sussex, 2£ miles
from Uckfield Station (L. B. and S. Coast Railway), and a
little more from Busted and Sheffield Park Stations.

These Nurseries were for many years owned and occupied by
the late Mr. James Mitchell, one of the most successful
exhibitors of Roses of his day, and they are particularly suit-
able for their growth. They are also well adapted for all kinds
of Conifene and Flowering Shrubs, and Fruit and Forest Trees.
They are about 15 Acres in extent.

The Nurseries are well stocked with Roses of the best kinds,
Ornamental Shrubs, Fruit and Forest Trees, &c. It has been
for five years, and is now in the occupation of Mr. G. W. Piper.

They are an easy distance from the Stations on the London,
Brighton, ami South-Coast Railway, on the direct Tunbridge
Wells and Brighton Line, and are therefore in direct railway
communication with these towns, as well as Lewes, Hastings,
and Eastbourne.

For full particulars, and to view, apply to MARK SAND-
FORD, Estate Agent, Maresfield, near Uckfield, Sussex.

HUMBLE APPEAL TO THE TRADE
and Others. — By Misfortune through an Action in the
Court of Queen's Bench.

Would any kind, generous Frieud help me with a few spare
PLANTS, BULBS, CUTTINGS, &c, to Grow on, suitable for
Cut Stuff, by that means enable me to still carry 00 business,
and confer a lasting favour. Parcels can be sent through
CARTER, PATERSON, or PICKFORD, who deliver here,
and will be promptly acknowledged by

GEO. PURNELL, Lion Nursery, Bexley Heath, Kent.

Landscape Gardening.
A RTHUR M. KETTLEWELL (late of

.tV St. John's College. Oxford), is willing to undertake the
Laying-out of Ornamental Grounds, Gardens, Parks, Cemeteries,
&.c. Eor some time under the supervision of one of the first
Landscape Gardeners in England. Excellent testimonials.
Charities, half commission.— Address, Titley House, Titley,
K.S.O., Herefordshire.

THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.

(JOHN COWAN), Limited,

Make SPECIALTIES of the following:—

ORCHIDS, of which they have an immense stock, and they are
constantly receiving fresh importations from various parts
of the world.

ORCHID BASKETS, made of the bestTeak and Copper Wire.

COWAN'S PATENT ORCHID POTTERY, which should be
used for all Orchids.

ORCHID PEAT Of best quality. Sphagnum MOSS. Best
Wood CHARCOAL.

TEA and Other ROSES In pots. The Company have a
large and splendid stock, all healthy and vigorous.

FERNS, a large and fine stock of the leading kinds.

GRAPE VINES. The Company's Stock is, as usual, unsur-
passed by any in the country. Strong Vines raised from
eyes this season, tit for immediate planting.

ROMAN HYACINTHS, 1st size, 5 to 6} inches circumference,
17s. 6d. p. 100 ; 2nd size, 15s. p. 100 ; 3rd size, 12s. Sd. p. 100.

The Company offer all the above at the lowect possible
prices. New Illustrated LIST, post-free, on application to

THE VINEYARD AND NURSERIES,
GARSTON, LIVERPOOL.

CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON,
and BUSH HILL PARK. ENFIELD.

The GLASS STRUCTURES cover an area of upwards of

315.000 feet.

EIGHTY HOUSES DEVOTED TO CULTURE OF

ORCHIDS, PALMS, and FERNS.

Immense quantities of Winter and Spring Flowering

Plants in variety. Ornamental Foliaged Plants, Fruit

Trees, Grape Vines, Roses, Shrubs, &c.

Inspection of the Stock invited.

HUGH LOW and CO.

AFFODILS and NARCISSUS.—

From 50 to 100 per cent, fall in all sorts of Daffodils
and Narcissus. Write for " Hartland's 36 quarto-page Book "
on the subject. It is acknowledged to be the most complete
extant. Price Is. 6d. ; returnable unless considered value.
Certainly as a work of art, it should be in the hands of all
lovers of " old fashioned " flowers.

WM. BAYLOR HARTLAND, Seedsman and Florist, 24,
Patrick Street, Cork.

SCOTT'S WASP DESTROYER. — The
original article has gained a wide-spread reputation as
being thoroughly effectual in destroying these pests. Post-
free, Is. 8d. and 2s. Qd. per bottle, from

JOHN SCOTT, The Royal Seed Stores, Yeovil.

EMON OIL INSECTICIDE.—

The best of all preparations for easily, cheaply, and
effectually cleaning Plants from Green-fly, Thrip Scale, Bug,
&c. Follow the directions, and you will always use it.

Pint, Is. 6^. ; quart, 2s. Qd. ; ± gallon, 5s. j 1 gallon, 9s. ; 4
gallons, 34s. Ask your seedsman for it, or apply to

WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham;
10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.

CLIBRAN'S EUCHARIS MITE KILLER.

Prices : — £ pint, Is. Gd. ; 1 pint, 2s. Gd. ; 1 quart, 4s. Gd. ;
J gallon, 7s. Gd. ; 1 gallon, 12s. Gd.

Ask your seedsman for it, or apply to
WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham;
10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.

bentley's

Insecticide.

Mr. J. H. Rose, Lockingc Park, rurites: — "Bentley's Insecti-
cide is the most effective and cheapest I have ever used."

For full particulars apply to JOSEPH BENTLEY, Chemical
Works, Barrow-on-Humber. HULL.

London Agent : Mr. A. Robinson, 8, Leadenhall Street, E.C.

p ENUINE GARDEN REQUISITES,

VU~ , as supplied to Royal Gardens, &c.

SPECIALITE TOBACCO PAPER, the best and strongest in
the market, lOrf. per lb., 28 lb. for 21s.

SELECT ORCHID PEAT. is. per sack, 5 for 35*.

SOILS and MANURES of finest quality, and GENERAL
SUNDRIES. Price list free.

W. HERBERT and Co., Hop Exchange Warehouses, South-
wark Street. London, S.E.

EFFECTIVE, SAFE & ECONOMICAL.

iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
IMPROVED & ONLY GENUINE

MEDICATED TOBACCO PAPER

(BEADY CUT UP FOB USE),

REDITED PRICE, 1/6 per ib.

28 lbs. aiul upwards — Carriage Paiil.

Parcels for trial, sent Free by Parcels Post, viz: —
2 lbs. 3 4, 4 lbs. 6 8, 6 lbs. 9,9, 8 lbs. 13/-, 10 lbs. 16,-

Dicksons Improved Fumigating Pan

Is vastly superior to any other.
PRICE in Iron 6 6, or in Copper, 21/-

Dicksons

(Limited)

2Tfje ftogal *ert>smen,

Chester.

Normal Fertiliser

Price :

For GREENHOUSE or GARDEN.

7 lb. 14 lb. 28 lb. 66 lb. 1 cwt.
" 2s. 35. Gd. 5s. Gd. 9a. 14s.

And in Gd. and Is. packets.
To be had of Seedsmen and Florists, or the NORMAL
MANURE COMPANY, Ltd., 121, Bishopsgate Street Within,
E.C, and Farnham Road, Guildford. Usual Trade Discounts,
WholesaleofMessr9.HUR3TAtfQSON,152,Hound3ditch,London

BEESON'S MANURE.— The Best and
Cheapest Fertiliser for all purposes. Write for Circular
containing the Leading Gardeners' and Market Growers*
Reports. Sold in Tins, Is., 2s. Gd., 5s. Gd., and 10s. Gd. each,
or 1 cwt. Bags, sealed, 13s. By all Seedsmen, or apply direct to
W. H. BEESON, Carbrook Bone Mills, Sheffield.

For Green and Black Fly. American Blight, Camellia

Scale, Red Spider, Mealy Bug, Brown and White Scale,
Worms, Wood Lice, &c.

^ DTTDI7M fl " THE UNIVERSAL

r^i\^riCii\/\5 INSECTICIDE.

SAFE— ECONOMICAL— EFFECTUAL.

15, Princes Street, Edinburgh, July 15, 1887.— "Dear
Sirs, I have thoroughly tested a sample of a new Insecticide
which you were so good to send me. At the rate of 1 oz. to a
gallon of water at a temperature of 95° I find it kill- Green
Fly immediately. Double this strength, or 2 oz. to a gallon at
120°, seals the fate of Scale of all sorts in a few seconds ;
while 3 oz. to gallon at same temperature effectually dissolves
Mealy Bug, aad to far as I have yet observed, without the
slightest injury to leaf or flower, and it is withal a most
agreeable compound to work with. All our insect remedies
are applied through common syringe, or garden engine, a much
severer test of efficiency than when applied by hand-washing
or tpray.— I remain, dear sirs, yours truly. (Signed) A.
MACKENZIE," of Messrs. Methven & Sons.

Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper Holloway, London,
January 1, 18S8. "Gentlemen— I have given your Insecti-
cide, ' Picrena,' a good trial in competition with many others.
I am pleased to say that I have found it to be more effectual
in destroying Mealy Bug and other insects than anything we
have ever used. It ought to command a good sale. (Signed)
B. S. WILLIAMS."

Sold by Chemists, Nurserymen, and Florists,
in Bottles at Is. Gd., 2s. Gd., and 3s. Gd. ; in Tins (1 and 2
gallons), 10s. Gd. and 20s. each ; in quantities of 5 gallons and
upwards, 9s. per gallon.

Prepared only by

DUNCAN, FLOCKHART & CO., Chemists to the Queen,

Edinburgh.

May be had from B. S. WILLIAMS, Victoria and Paradise
Nurseries, Upper Holloway, London ; and from

WILLIAM EDWARDS and SON, 157, Queen Victoria
Street, London.

VmiMiui-na

ttciiwm-w

GARDEN
REQUISITES.

Two Prize Medals.

Quality, THE BEST in the Market. (All sacks included.)

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process),

sacks. Is. Ad. each; 10sacks,12s.6rf.; 15sacks,17s.6rf., 20sacks,

20s. ; 25 sacks, 24s. ; 30 sacks, 27s. ; 40 saeks, 35s. ; 50 sacks,

40s. ; Truck-load, loose, free on rail, 30s. Limited quantities

of G., special quality, granulated in sacks only, 2s. Gd. each.

GENUINE ORCHID PEAT, 8s. Gd. per sack ; 5 sacks, 40s. ;

BEST BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. per sack ; 5 for 22s. Gd.

BLACK FTBROUS PEAT, 4s. Gd. per sack ; 5 for 20s.

COARSE SILVER SAND, Is. Gd. per bushel ; 14s. half ton ;

24s. per ton. Yellow Fibrous Loam. Compost, Leaf and Peat

Mould, Is. per bushel. Tobacco Cloth or Paper, Is. per lb.

Special Manures, Peat-Moss Litter, Crushed Bones, Virgin

Cork, &c, &c. Write for Price List.

Terms strictly Cash with order.
CHUBB, ROUND & CO.", West Ferry Road, Millwall,

London, E. Bankers — X'nion Bank of London.

Complete Satisfaction Guaranteed

To all using preparations bearing our Trade Mark in
accordance with our directions. He/use Imitations.

THE "SWIFT & SURE" INSECTICIDE. .«kS^4»*

Bottles, 1/0 &S/6; gall., 10/6; 4 galls., 30/

"PERFECT WEED KILLER.-Gallon, 2/;

5 gal., 1/9, 10 gal., 1/6, 40 gal., 1/4 p. gal.

"PERFECT WORM DESTR0YER.-

ISottlcs. 1/6 Jl 3/6; gal., 7/6; 5 gal., 6/p. gal.

PERFECT' MILDEW DESTROYER-

Bottles, 1/ St 2/; gal., 8/; 6 gal., 5/ p. gal.

WITHOUT WHICH
* NONE ARE GENUINE.

" PERFECT" HORTICULTURAL SUMMER SHADINC.-

Tins— 1 lb., 1/; 2 lbs., 2/; 6 lbs., 5/.

Are absolutely Unsurpassed for Cheapness
and Efficiency Combined.
Used at Kew Gardens, Royal Horticultural Gardens, dc.
Single bottles post free at published prices from the manu-
facturers. Special quotations for quantities.
Sole Manufacturers: The

Horticultural & Agricultural Chemical Co.

Principal Agents: BLACKLEY, YOUNG A CO.,
103 HOLM STREET, GLASGOW.

SOLD BY SEEDSMEN AND FLORISTS.

OKOHLD PEAT, best quality; BROWN
FIBROUS PEAT for Stove and Greenhouse use. RHO-
DODENDRON and AZALEA PEAT. Samples and Prices to
WALKER AND CO.. Farnborough, Hants.

BONES !— BOHES ! !— BONES ! ! !

Crushed Bones in all sizes for Vine Borders, Lawus, Potting,
Grass Lands, &c. Also BONE MEAL for Poultry Feeding,
GARDEN GUANO, DISSOLVED BONES, Special MANURES
and FERTILIZERS for all purposes.

For Prices, apply to

HARRISON, BARBER & CO. (Limited),

GARRETT LANE, WANDSWORTH. SURREY, S.W.

292

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 14, 1889.

"jess? J3ULBS

FLOWERING

HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUSES,
SNOWDROPS, NARCISSI, LILLIES, &c.

IN GREAT VARIETY.

tS'Best Qualities only. tS"Prices most moderate.

Descriptive Priced Catalogue (No. U6£)

POST FREE ON APPLICATION.

DlCKSONS

The Royal Nurseries

and
Seed Establishments

(Limited),

Chester.

EVERGREENS for IMMEDIATE
EFFECT.
CUPRESSUS LAWSONII, 6 to 8 feet.

„ ERECTA vrRIDIS, 4 to 5 feet, 5 to 6 feet, aud 6 to 8 feet.
LIGUSTRUM OVALIFOLIUM, 4 to 5 feet.
THUIA OCCIDENTALIS, 5 to « feet, and 6 to 8 feet.

., LOBBII, 6 to 8 feet, and 8 to 10 feet.
THUJOPSIS BOREALIS, 6 to 8 feet, and 8 to 10 feet.
YEWS, English, 5 to 6 feet, and 6 to 8 feet.

,, Irish, 6 to 7 feet.

The above have all been regularly transplanted, and are in
fine condition for removal.

JNO. JEFFERIES AND SON, Royal Nurseries. Cirencester.

FOR SALE, a COLLECTION of ORCHIDS,
about 86 healthy Established Plants, containing the fol-
lowing kinds: Aerides Lobbi, Calanthe Veitchi, Cymbidium
aloefolium, Cypripedium iusigne, C. venustum, Dendrobium
densirlornm, D. fimbria turn, L>. heteroearpum, D. nobile, D.
Pierardi, D. Wardianum. Epidendrum viteilinum majus,
Lycaste Skinneri, Masdevallia tovarensis, Oncidium liexuosum,
Stanhopea tigrina ; also STOVE PLANTS, consisting of
Acalypha. Anthurium, Asparagus. Begonia, Croton, Curculigo,
Cyperus, Dracaena, Eucharis, Hibiscus, Pancratium, Strelitzia,
&c, and eighteen young PINES. Apply to

G. JUPP, Gardener, Brantridge Park, Balcombe, Sussex.

HARTLAND'S GOLDEN QUILLED
DOUBLE PERENNIAL SUNFLOWER.— Now is the
time to ask for a sixpenny box of Specimen Blooms, to prevent
any hitherto implied imposition, and get orders booked for
November delivery. Within the entire range of hardy
perennials. There is nothing finer. Its colour and floret-
formation in appearance like an immense bloom of Madame
Domage Chrysanthemum, or the very finest form of orange
Airican Marigold. Quite distinct.
Plants at fall. Is. tid. each, with 3d, extra to cover postage.
W. BAYLOR HARTLAND, Seedsman, Cork.

Qf) AAA CLEMATIS, in Pots, of all the

\J\J^\jyj\J finest Double and Single Varieties (some
of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of
every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for
climbing and bedding, from 12s. to 24s. per dozen, strong
plants; extra strong plants, repotted into 5^-inch pots, 2s 6a.
each ; Beauty of Worcester, a magnificent purple, excellent
for bedding, recently sent out by us, reduced price 2s. 6a*. each.
Descriptive LIST on application.— RICHARD SMITH aud CO.,
Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester.

Delivered at Liverpool at steamer for £i per dozen. Freight
and packing free. All orders must contain draft for amount
on Para Branch of English Bank of Rio de Janeiro (London
Office, 2a, Moorgate Street, E.C.), to which Bank reference is
made.

C. E. HERBERT and CO., Para, Brazil.
Caixa no correio 151.

Helleborus nlger.— New Varieties.

LP A I L L E T offers to Gentlemen and
• Nurserymen his Collection of New Varieties of HELLE-
BORUS NIGER. This collection is composed of twenty-five
distinct varieties, containing colours from deep maroon colour
to red, rose, and white, and many of them splendidly spotted.
These varieties are very choice, and quite different from the
varieties known.

The collection of twenty-five varieties, £6 ; Is. id. each plant.

List sent on demand.

HELLEBORUS NIGER for FORCING.— Variety with large

pure white flower, with five to eight leaves, £3 10*. per It 0!

eight to twelve leaves, £4 10s. per 100. Extra, twelve to fifteen

leaves, £1 per dozen. Young plants for sale, per 1000.

L. l'AILLET, Nurseryman, Chatenay (Seine), France.

Established 1827.

BULBS FOR EARLY
FORCING.

White ROMAN HYACINTHS, first quality bulbs, carefully
selected, 2s. id. per dozen ; 18s. id. per 1)0.

NARCISSUS, paper White, Is. 3d. per dozen ; 7s. per 100.
Double Roman, Is. 3d. per dozen ; 7s. per 100.

LILIUM HARRISII (Bermuda Easter Lily).— Our direct
importation from Bermuda of this charming pure white Lily
enables us to offer grand bulbs, in the best possible condition,
at extraordinarily low prices. Fine selected, 7s. per dozen ;
5js. per 100. Extra fine selected, 7 to 9 inches in circumference,
10s. per dozen ; 75s. per 100. Potted now, will be in bloom at
Christmas and the New Year.

Descriptive CATALOGUE of Dutch and other Bulbs post-
free on application.

RICHARD SMITH and CO., Seed Merchants, Worcester.

"Gr

SPECIAL OFFER of FERNS for CASH —
Extra strong, in thumbs, for immediate Potting, in the
following varieties: — Pteris cretica, tremula, cretica cristata,
alba lineata, astata, serrulata cristata compacta. A. cuneatum,
and an extra fine lot of Lomaria gibba and Polypodiam aureum.
Also a fine lot, in 48's, Pteris cretica, cretica major, cretica
cristata. serrulata cristata compacta, A. cuneatum, Polypo-
dium, Dicksouia antarctica, Grevillia robusta and cyperus.
Price for thumbs per 100 or 100!) and 48's per 100 on application.
Inspection invited by
R. PENGELLY. Dyson's Lane, Upper Edmonton.

BULBS— BULBS— BULBS.— Our early im-
portations are now to hand in firstr-rate condition. Roman
Hyacinths, splendid, 14s. to 16s. per 100. Polyanthus Narcissus,
Paper White, 5s. per 100; Early Roman, 6s. per 100; Grand
Primo, 6s. 6d. per 100. Garden Hyacinths, 10s. per 100; Pot
kinds, 2s. 6d. per dozen; first size, finest quality for show, 4s.
to 6s. per dozen. Garden Narcissus, a specialty, moit of the
varieties Home grown. Iris hispanica, this lovely gem, Is. §d.
per 100. CATALOGUES free.

Orders despatched promptly.
J. R. PEARSON and SONS, Chilwell Nurseries, Notts.

BMALLER and SONS beg to offer to the
• Trade a very extensive and unusually well grown stock
of ERICAS (hyemalis and other varieties). EPACRIS, SOLA-
NUMS, GENISTAS, CYCLAMEN, BOUVARDIAS, ADIAN-
TUM CUNEATUM, and other Ferns. GARDENIAS, STE-
PHANOTIS, FICUS ELASTICA, CROTONS, GREVILLEAS,
TEA ROSES (in pots), BORONIA MEGASTIGMA, VINES
(in pots), &c. An inspection is invited.

Trade CATALOGUES forwarded on application.
The ANNUAL SALE by AUCTION will be held on
TUESDAY, September 17.

Burnt Ash Lane Nurseries, Lee, S.E.

EMS" — "GEMS" — "GEMS"

of Choice Stove Plants.

OXERA PULCHELLA — dense clusters, 8 to 10 inches
across, of pure white, funnel-shaped flowers, about 2 inches
long and 1 inch across. Flowers in winter very lasting,
graceful and beautiful. 5s.

SCttUBERTIA GRANDIFLORA— flowers white with de-
lightful, almond-like fragrance, produced in large trusses,
similar to Stephanotis. Excellent for cutting. 2s. 6rf. and 3s. 6d.

STEPHANOTIS FLO RIB UND A— the finest variety in cul-
tivation, and freest bloomer, flowering at every joint, and
blooms in a lower temperature than any other variety we
know. Is., Is. 6d., 2s. 6<2., 3s. 6d., 5s. ; and fine specimens,
21s., 31s. 6rf., and 40s. each.

STIGMAPHYLLUM CILIATUM (Golden Vine) — flowers
rich orange, similar to the lovely Orchid Oncidium flexuosum.
Very distinct. 2s. 6d. each.

TOXICOPHL^A SPECTABILIS (Winter Sweet) — large
dense sprays of white flowers, sweetly perfumed. Beautiful
winter- flowering plant. 2s. 6d. and 3s. Bd. each.

GLONERA JASMINIFLORA— one of the most beautiful
white-flowering plants for either cutting or decoration. Blooms
in the winter or early spring, and worthy of a place in the
most select collection. 2s. 6d. and 3s. Qd.

CATALOGUES of these, and all you want for a Garden free,
by post from

WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham ;
10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.

To the Trade.

DOG BRIER CUTTINGS, well ripened, first-
class quality, and prepared for planting, in any quan-
tity, at 5s. per 1000. Sample free.

C. B., Mr. Geo. Pinner, Wyddial, Buntingford, Herts.

OWARD, Southgate, N., offers the Trade

strong imported Tubers of CALLA ^ETHIOPICA, from
ground, 25s. per 100 ; well-rooted BOU VARDIA Alfred Neuner.
from ground, 50s. per 100; ASPIDISTRAS, 175s. per 100;
ADJANTU.M CUNEATUM, hard, in 48's, 12s. per doz. Cash.

To the Trade.

FERNS— FERNS— FERNS.— Annual Sale of
Surplus Stock. 100,000 good stuff, in 20 most saleable sorts,
Adiantums, Pteris, &c, 10s. and 12s. per 100. One large Dick-
soniaantarctica.tinest in London, cheap. Package free. — SMITH,
London Fern Nursery, Loughborough Road, Brixton, S.W.

To the Trade.

JOHN MOOY, Bulb Grower, Haarlem,
Holland, has arrived in London, this year, as usual, with
a large Selection of Bulbs, and is staying at

7, Catherine Street, Strand, W.C.

PHEASANT-EYED NARCISSUS, 5s. per
peck, in fine condition for planting.
T. GELL, Home Farm, St. Lawrence. Ventnor, Isle of Wight.

FERNS CHEAP.— Pteris serrulata, in big
60-size pots, 18s. per 100 ; Maidenhair, 20s. per 100, all
fit for 48-size pots at once; Maidenhair, in 48's, grand stuff,
6s. per doz., 45s. per 100. Samples free, 12 stamps. Cash with
orders. W. DAY, Sandygate Nurseries, Sheffield.

LAXTON'S NEW STRAWBERRIES
Must be grown by all.
Descriptive LIST, with prices of "Latest of AH" (new,
1889), "Noble," "A. F. Barron," "Commander," &c, now
ready. Six First-class Certificates.

THOMAS LAXTON, Seed Grower, Bedford.

Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocus, Lilies, &c.

CG. VAN TUBERGEN, Jun., Haarlem,
• Holland.— Wholesale CATAXOGUE now ready, and
may be had free on application to

Messrs. R. STLBERRAD and SON, 25, Savage Gardens,
Crutched Friars, London, E.C.

The Best Present for a Gardener.
INES and VINE CULTURE.

The most complete and exhaustive Treatise on

Grapes and their Culture ever published.

New Edition.

Price 5s., post-free 5*. 6rf.

A. F. BARRON, Royal Horticultural Society, Chiswick.

STRAWBERRY
PLANTS.

We have a grand stock of Strawberry
Plants now ready, including all the choicest
varieties, which we offer in strong prepared
runners, Carriage Free.

Per 100.
LAXTON'S NOBLE, the superb new early, th ; s. d.
best variety yet sent out ... per doz., 3s. 20 0
A, F. BARRON, splendid new mid-season

variety per doz., 5s. 30 0

COMMANDER, very fine, new sort, of splendid

llivour per doz., 5s. 30 0

WATERLOO, superb dark crimson ... per doz., Is. 7 6
THE CAPTAIN, fine new prolific ... per doz., is. (j 0

The following at 9rf. per doz., or 5s. per 100 : —
AUOUSTE NICAISE, PRESIDENT,
BRITISH QUEEN, LOXFORD HALL SEEDLIN0,
DR. HOGG, THE AMATEUR.

JAMES VEITCH, FROGMORE LATE PINE,

and many others.
100 in 10 choice varieties, our selection, 5s. 6d,
1000 in 10 ,, „ ,, „ 35s.

BULBS

FOR EARLY FORCING.

Carriage Free. Per 100. — s. d.

HYACINTHS, early white Roman per doz., 2s. 14 0
,, extra tine bulbs ... per doz., 2s. (id. 17 6

NARCISSUS, Paper White, fine bulbs

per doz., Is. id. 10 6
,, new large flowered ... per doz., 2s. id. 15 0

., Double Roman, fine roots per doz.. Is. id. 10 6
LILIUM HARRISSI (the Bermuda Easter Lily). Long
pure white deliciously scented trumpet flowers, superb
variety for forcing. Potted now may be had in bloom
at Christmas and the new year.
Fine selected bulbs, per doz., 7s. id. ; per 100, 56s.
Extra tine bulbs, 7 to 9 inches in circumference, per doz.,
10s. id. ; per 100, 80s.

Our CATALOGUE of Dutch Flower
Roots, Roses, Fruit Trees j Sfc, is now ready,
and may be had free on applization.

DANIELS BROS.,

TOWN CLOSE NURSERIES,

NORWICH.

ST BAWB E RRIES.
LAXTON'S " NOBLE." small pots, 20s. per J00, 3s. per
dozen ; runners. 12s. per 100.

PRESIDENT, ) well rooted runners, 10s. per 1000.
DU THURY, Mn small pots. 12s. per 100, 90s. per 1000.
PAXTON, ) out small pots, 10s. per 100, 75s. per 1000.
PRIMROSE, " Hardy's Grand Hybrid Novelties," very large
flowers, about 30 splendid colours, pure white to dark crimson,
allowed by competent judges to be the very best and handsomest
grown, 5s. per 100, 45s. per 1000.

POLYANTHUS, Hardy's finest selected, gold-laced, show
flowers, 5s. per 100, 45s. per 1000.

Cash, package free ; extra plants sent for carriage.
H. I. HARDY.F.R.H.S., Stour Valley Nurseries, Bures, Suffolk.

RASPBERRIES— RASPBERRIES.— Strong
canes, well-rooted. Falstolf. Carter's Prolific, Nor-
thumberland, Fillbasket, Semper Fidelis, 25s. per 1000.
PARROTT BROS., Normandy. Guildford.

WANTED, GERANIUM CUTTINGS.— Please quote sorts
and lowest prices. PARROTT BROS., Normandy, Guildford.

STRAWBERRIES.

StrODg Roots, 4s. per 100. Plants in small pot«, 16s. per 100 ;
ditto, in large pots, 25s. per 100. Descriptive LIST free.
RICHARD SMITH AND CO., Nurserymen aud Seed Merchants,
Worcester.

DUTCH BULBS CHEAP !

FRENCH BULBS CHEAP !

ENGLISH BULBS CHEAP !

See our Special Wholesale Catalogue of Bulbs.

Containing List of all the best varieties of HYACINTHS,

TULIPS, CROCUS, LILIUMS, DAFFODILS, SNOWDROPS,

IRIS, &c, &c, free on application.

Please compare our Prices before sending your Orders abroad.

WATKINS & SIMPSON,

Seed and Bulb Merchants,

Exeter Street, Strand, London, W.C.

SEPTESfBEK 14, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

293

WEBBS'

COLLECTIONS

BULBS

CONSIST OF THE FINEST
SELECTED

HYACINTHS,

TULIPS, CROCUS,

LILIES, SNOW-

DROPSJtc.

From Mr. G. H. GREEN,

Gardener to the Right Hon.
the Countess of Stamford,
Enville Hall: — "I never saw
any (Hyacinths) do better or
produce finer trusses : they
were admired by all who saw
them."

Prices, 5s., 7s. 6d., 10s. 6d., 15s., 21s., 42s., 63s.
and 105s. each ; Carriage Free.

FIVE PER CENT. DISCOUNT FOR CASH.

For full particulars of Contents of these Boxes, and
Lists of the Best Bulbs of the Season, see

WEBBS' BULB CATALOCUE,

Beautifully Illustrated : Gratis and Post-free.

Seedsmen by Royal Warrants to H.M. the Queen
and H.R.H. the Prince of Wales,

WORDSLEY, STOURBRIDGE.

STRAWBERRY VSPSLZZ

UMIHIIULI.... PlaDt3inpots New and

PLANTS. bes*;yieties-

Catalogue on application.

DICKSONS,

nurseries, unLblbn.

(Limited)

JERSEY FRUIT TREES AND ROSES.

Carriage Paid. Strong healthy trees, the finest that money can

buy. Roses wonderfully cheap. Cordons a speciality. Before

ordering be sure to write for our Illustrated CATALOGUES.

JOSHUA LE CORNU and SON. High View Nurseries.

DUTCH BULBS.

HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUSES, SPIRAEA,

LILY OF THE VALLEY— all strong clumps,

and GLADIOLUS Brenchleyensis and Gandavensis,

first size bulbs — all very low prices.

Apply to P. van TIL Jz. & CO., Florists,

HILLEGOM, near HAARLEM, HOLLAND.

ROSES IN POTS;

all the best New and Old English and Foreign
sorts, from 18.s. to 36s. per dozen.

Descriptive LIST Free on application.

RICHARD SMITH & CO.,

.Nurserymen and Seed Merchants,

WORCESTER.

CUTBUSH'S MILL-
track MUSHROOM SPAWN.

— Too well known to require descrip-
tion. Price 65. per bushel ils. extra
per bushel for package), or 6rf. per
cake ; free by parcel post, Is.

None genuine unless in sealed pack-
ages and printed cultural directions
enclosed, with our signature attached.

WM. CUTBUSH and SON,
Nurserymen and Seed Merchants,
Highgate Nurseries, N.

SUTTON'S

INIMITABLE

BEDDING

HYACINTHS

Are now read)/ for Delivery.

The marked success achieved with these fine Hyacinths
has been to our customers a source of astonishment. From
one of the letters received we quote the following :—

" MY SHOW of INIMITABLE HYACINTHS this spring
from bulbs bought from you, was truly magnificent. Their
flowering was simultaneous; not a single failure. Few
who saw them would believe that they were really grown
out-of-doors, and many insisted that they had been removed
from the greenhouse for the occasion; whereas they were
planted out-of-doors on the 9th of October, 6 inches deep,
and never had the slightest shelter all through the severe
winter. I planted them as per your illustration in Bulb
Catalogue, and had such a brilliant eye feast for several
days as I never previously experienced. I may add that
the Tulips were equally fine."— W. WORMALD, Esq.,
Hassocks.

Sutton's Inimitable Scarlet Hyacinths \ price,

Sutton's Inimitable Dark Rose „

Sutton's Inimitable Light Rose „ 5s. 6d.

Sutton's Inimitable Blue „ | ,

Sutton's Inimitable Light Blue „ )

Sutton's Inimitable Dark Blue „ 40s.

Sutton's Inimitable Pure White „

Sutton's Inimitable Tinted White „ J per 100.

Cheaper Border Hyacinths, in various colours, sepa-
rate. 2s. and 2s. $d. per dozen; 14s. and 17s. 6d. per 100.
Particulars on application.

SUTTON'S BULBS

CENUINE ONLY DIRECT FROM READING.

Orders value 5s. Carriage Free.

Direct from the Growers.

ROOZEN'S

DUTCH, CAPE, and CALIFORNIAN

BULBS.

HYACINTHS,

TULIPS, CROCUS, NARCISSUS,

for Outdoor and Forcing.

IRIS, LILIES, PEONIES,
TERRESTRIAL ORCHIDS,

Gesneraceous Sf Aroidaceous Plants,

and a large 9tock of other Miscellaneous

BULBS AND PLANTS.

For details of the above, see our CATALOGUE for 1889
(91 Pages in English), which will be sent Post-free on
application to our Agents, Messrs. MERTENS and CO.,
3, Cross Lane, St. Mary-at-Hill, London, E.C., or our-
selves direct.

ANT.R00ZEN&S0N,

NURSERYMEN,

OVERVEEN, haSm, HOLLAND.

As a Supplement

TO THE

GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

FOR

Next Week, September 21,

WILL BE

Published an Ink Photograph

PALMS in the Public Gardens,

MADEIRA.

THE

€nrimm' ^hnmidj.

SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 14, 1889.

A HISTORY OF ENGLISH GAR-
DENING.

(Continued from p. 12.)

DURING the first half of the fifteenth
century, two English treatises on garden-
ing were current in England. The first of these
was a translation of a Latin work by Palladius ;
the other appears to have been an original work
by one Nicholas Bollarde, a monk of West-
minster. There are several copies of these two
works existing in our various public libraries ;
but, perhaps the best are among the Sloan MSS.
in the British Museum. The Sloan MS., No. 7,
contains the two works in question, written in
clear and distinct hands, and, consequently,
very easy to read ; but, notwithstanding this,
little can be gleaned from them as to the
plan or arrangement of the gardens of the
period. They show us, however, that the pro-
cesses of gardening were simple and easy, and
that the gardeners' skill consisted chiefly in the
knowledge of the seasons for sowing and planting
different trees and herbs, and of the astrological
circumstances under which these processes could
be performed most advantageously. They show
us also that the great ambition of the fifteenth
century horticulturists was to excel in the
various mysteries of grafting, and that he enter-
tained theories on this subject of the most varied
and visionary character. Many of the directions
given are very singular. " If thou wilt that thy
Apples be red, take a graff of an Apple tree, and
impe it upon a stock of an Elm or an Elder,
and it shall bear red Apples." Another receipt
directs that if one want "many Roses," one
should " take the hard pepins that be right ripe,
and sow them in February or March, and when
they spring, water them well, and after a year
thou mayest transplant them ; and if thou wilt
have early Roses, delve about the roots one or
two handbreadths, and water their scions with
warm water."

But it is not from the works on gardening that
our knowledge of the plan and arrangement of the
fifteenth century gardens is derived ; we roust go to

294

TEE GA R DENE US' CER ON i CL E.

[September 14, 1889.

the poets for this, and then we shall not lack for
information. Nearly all our fifteenth century poets
mention gardens, and not a few give beautiful
descriptions of them. One of the most interesting
of these is a description of the garden adjoining
Windsor Castle, given by King James I. of Scotland,
in his poem entitled the " King's Quhaire." * King
James was imprisoned in the Castle for upwards of
eighteen years, and writing verse appears to have
been one of his principal employments during his
incarceration. The following is his description of
the garden which lay before his prison window at
Windsor : —

" Now was there made, fast by the Towris wall,
A garden fair ; and in the corners set
An arbour green, with wandis long and small
Railed about, and so with trees set
Was all the place, and Hawthorne hedges knet,
That lyf was none walking there forbye.t
That might within scarce any wight espy.

" So thick the boughes and the leaves green
Beshaded all the alleys that there were,
And mids of every arbour might be seen
The sharpe greene sweete Juniper,
Growing so fair with branches here and there,
That as it seemed to a lyf without,
The boughes spread the arbour all about.

" And on the smalle greene twistis } sat
The little sweete nightingale, and sung

So loud and clear, the hymnis consecrat
Of loris use, now soft, now loud among
That all the gardens and the wallis rung

Right of their song."

This beautiful description gives a good idea of an
English garden in the first half of the fifteenth
century. In the latter half, however, several new
features were introduced into the English gardens.
The principal of these were the fences of trellis-
work, which were placed around the garden-beds,
and over which Roses and other climbing plants
were trained. They are seldom alluded to by the
poets of the period, § but representations of them are
very common in fifteenth century illuminated MSS.
Their arrangement may be well seen in the back-
ground of the annexed woodcut (fig. 43, p. 295), which
represents a scene in the early French romance of
La Qitatre Fits d'Aymon. Towards the end of the
fifteenth century, the art of topiary work was also
introduced into the English gardens, and it must
often have produced a very singular effect. In a
poem of Stephan Ilawes, entitled The Pastime of
Pleasure, we read of a garden in which —

Rampande lyons stoode up wonderfly,
Made all of herbes with dulcet sweetness
With many dragons of marvaylos likeness
Of divers flowers made full craftely
By Flora coloured with colours sundry.

These lines, imaginary as they may look, are pro-
bably founded upon fact ; for soon after they were
written, topiary work was undoubtedly a common
feature of the English garden. Leland, in hia
Itinerary, a work which was written in the early
part of the sixteenth century, mentions several places
in England where fine specimens of the work might
be seen. " At Uskelle village, about a mile from
Tewton," he writes, " is a goodly house longing to
the prebend of York, and a goodly orchard with
walks opere topiario."\\ At Woesehill Castle also
were orchards with " mounts opere topiario, written
about in degrees like turnings of cokilshells."lf

With regard to the plants cultivated in the
English gardens of the fifteenth century, very little
information can be derived from the two gardening
treatises that were then current. There are, how-
ever, several MSS. of that period still preserved,
which contain lists of plants then considered neces-
siry to be grown in a garden. The most important
of these is one contained in the Sloan 'MS., No. 1201,
which was written apparently about the year 1450,

* Book. t None of the passers-by could look witltin.
I Twigs.

$ Skelton (Poems, vol. i., p. 388) mentions a garden con-
taining beds " enrayled with Roses and Vyuee engraped."
I Leland, Itil., vol. i., f. 47. «" [bid., C0l. i., t. 60.

It first gives a list of the plant names in alphabetical
order, and then a list of those kinds which were
most esteemed for "potage," for "salades," for their
" savour and beauty," &c. This portion of the
manuscript we print here entire : —

Herbes for Potage. — Borage, Langdebefe (Buglos),
Ryolettes, Mallowes, Marcury, Dandelion, Avence,
Myntes, Sauge, Farceley, Goldes (Marygolds), Mar-
joram, Ftnnelle, Red Netylle, Oculus christi (Clary),
Daysys, Cherfil, Lekez, Colewortes, Rapez, Tyme,
Chives, Beetes, Alysanndre, Letyse, Betanye, Colum-
bine, Allia, Basil, Dylle, Detany, Hertestonge,
Radish, Cabagez, Setewale, Spynache, Colianndre,
Nepte, Pacience.

Herbes for Sauce. — Hertestonge, Sorelle, Pelytory,
Pellytory of Spayne, Deteyne, Vyolettes, Parcely,
Myntes.

Herbes for the Coppe. — Cost, Costmary, Sauge,
Hysop, Rosemary, Goldez, Clary, Marjoram, Rue.

Herbes for a Salade. — Buddus of Stanmarche (Alex-
ander's), Vyolette flourez, Parceley, Red Myntes,
Syves (Chives), Cresse of Boleyne, Purselain, Dam-
sons, Calaminte, Primerose buddes, Dayses, Dannde-
lyon, Rokette, Red Nettle, Borage flowers, croppus
of Red Fennel, Chvnkenwede.

Herbes to Sti/lle (distil).*— Endyve, red Rose, Rose-
mary, Dragans(?), Skabiose, Ewfrace (Eyebright),
Wermode, Mogwede, Beteyne, wylde Tansey, Sauge,
Hysope, Ersemart.

Herbes Jor Savour and Beauty. — Gyllofre gen-
tylle (common Gillyflower), Sweet Marjoram, Sty-
cadose, Melonces, Scalacely (Solomon's Seal), Popy
Royal, Germander, Cowsloppes of Jerusalem, Ver-
veyne, Dill, Seynt Marie Garlic.

Bootes for a Garden. — Parsnepez, Turnepez,
Radyche, Karrettes, Galingale, Eringoes, Saffrone.

Plantes for an Herbere. — Vynes, Rosers, Lyles,
Thewberries, Almondez, Bay trees, Peche trees,
Pyne-apples, Pyany Romaine, Rose Campion,
Seliane, Columbyne gentyle.

Another fifteenth century list of garden plants is
given in a work by Gilbert Kymer.t and it is chiefly
interesting from the fact that it mentions several
kinds of plants not given in the former list. Among
these may be noted, Lettuce, Smallage, and two or
three varieties of Onion. According to Kymer,
nearly all the vegetables cultivated in his time were
eaten, boiled with meat ; but he observes that some
were eaten raw in spring and summer with Olive-
oil and spices, but he questions the propriety of the
custom. Almonds, Hazel-nuts, Quinces, Damsons,
Cherries, Strawberries, green Figs, Mulberries, and
Medlars are also mentioned by him as having been
grown in the fifteenth century orchards. P. E. N,
(To be continued.)

Orchid Notes and Gleanings.

— « —

VANDA KIMBALLIANA, Rchb.f.

This fine Vanda was described as recently as
February 23 of the present year, from dried speci-
mens imported by Messrs. H. Low & Co., of Clapton.
It is now flowering for the first time in this country,
with the same firm, and flowers have been sent to
Kew for preservation. It is allied to V. Amesiana,
though the flowers are very distinct, and quite bear
out the statement of Messrs. Low's collector that
they are pure white, with a beautifully rosy-purple
lip. Tnis latter colour, however, is confined to the
front lobe, for the side lobes are light yellow, beauti-
fully spotted with light-brown. The flowers are
2 inches in diameter, and the spur half this length,
tolerably straight ; at least, I should not speak of it
as " recurved, which is quite peculiar and new," from
the flowers now sent. The white of the segments
is of a semi-pellucid nature, and there are faint
traces of lightest purple present. The other charac-
ters of the plant are fully given at p. 232 of the last

* In the Household Accounts of the fifth Earl of Northum-
berland for 1503, is given the following list of "herbes to
stylle": — Borage, Columbine, Buglos, Sorrel, Cousloppes,
Seabjces, wild Tansey, Wormwood. Endyff, Sauge, Dandelion,
and Hart's-tongue. t See Sloan MS., No. 4, f. SI.

volume. It is a very pretty species. Nothing appears
to have been divulged as to its native country at
present, but we hope this will be given hereafter
B. A. Bolfe.

Oncidium Retemeyerianum, Bchb. f.
This is a highly curious species of the group Sar-
coptera, and thus allied to 0. Lanceanum and
Cavendishianum, yet so anomalous in some- of its
characters that it might easily be taken for some-
thing else from flowers alone. A small part of a
raceme has just been sent by M. Kienast-Zolly, of
Hiralanden, Zurich, for determination, having been
imported by him from Mexico. Reichenbach com-
pares the lip with that of Cottonia peduncularis, to
which it certainly bears some resemblance ; while to
me it immediately suggested some Ophrys. It is
broadly pandurate, the centre yellow, and surround-
ing this a broad blackish-purple margin. The seg-
ments are pallid, with numerous pale flesh-purple
blotches. The leaves are fleshy, beautifully spotted with
brown, and the habit of the plant quite typical of the
section to which it belongs. Unless very free-
flowering, I fear it will be thought more curious than
beautiful. There are three figures of the plant:
Befurgium Botanicum, ii., t. 74 ; Xenia Orchidacea,
iii., t. 218 ; and Belgique Horticole, 1872, t. 14. It
was described as early as 1856. B. A. Bolfe.

ANGHicOM ScOTTIANUM.

This singular and beautiful species is in flower in
Mr. Gordon's nursery, Amyand Park Road, Twicken-
ham. Its singular, large, waxy white flowers, with
6 inches long cinnamon-coloured tails showing very
effectively on the slender-stemmed plants, with their
curious terete leaves. It grows best in a basket
suspended in the intermediate-house. J. O'B.

ClTRIPEDIUM NIVEUM, &C.

A beautiful little group of Lady-slipper Orchids,
quite distinct from the rest of the genus, is formed
by this species, C. concolor, C. Godefroyte, and C.
bellatulum. They are the dwarfest of Cypripe-
diums, the scapes of C. niveum, which are the tallest,
being rarely more than 6 inches high. The dainty
appearance of the flowers in which the " greens "
and " brownish-purples," so prevalent in this genus,
are altogether absent ; and the handsome dark
green marbled surface of the leaves make these
plants veritable gems — far and away, indeed, the
most charming of Cypripediums.

The first to be introduced was C. concolor, a native
of Moulmein, where it was discovered a quarter of
a century ago by the Rev. C. Parish. The scape is
2 inches high, and bears one or two flowers of a rich
creamy-yellow minutely dotted with crimson.

C. niveum, which is perhaps the most delicately
beautiful of the group, was introduced in 18G9, and
is a native of the Malacca Straits and the west coast
of Siam. The flowers are of a pure snowy-white,
saving a few cinnamon or purple specks at the base
of the sepals and petals. Usually the flowers are
smaller than in the other species, but there is a fine
form figured in Bot. Mag., t. 5922, with flowers 3 to
3^ inches in diameter, which was introduced by Mr.
Bull from the Tambelan Islands — a small group
lying midway between Singapore and Borneo. When
out of flower, C. niveum may be recognised by its
darker green and comparatively narrow leaves.

C. Godefroyas has the foliage of C. concolor, but
its flowers are nearer those of C. niveum. They
have the same white ground, the distinguishing
feature being the purple spots of various shades,
which are distributed over the whole flower. The
first plants that appeared in this country were sold
for. large sums, but numerous importations have
reduced its price to that of the others.

One of the most distinct and remarkable plants
introduced in 1888 was C. bellatulum, for which
Orchid-lovers are indebted to the enterprise of
Messrs. Low. The bold marking of its flowers make
it certainly the most striking species in this group ;
it is also the largest both in foliage and bloom. A
glance at the figure in the Gardeners' Chronicle for
June 16, 1S88, clearly shows its character. Flowers

September 14, 1889.]

TEE a A RDENER S> GER ONI CL E.

295

have been measured over 4 inches across. They are
white (frequently of a yellowish tinge), freely
marked with roundish spots of purple-brown.

' All the species thrive under stove treatment.
They may be grown singly in pots, but if sufficient
plants are available, a better effect is produced by
growing several together in broad, shallow pans. In
their native condition they are most frequently
found on limestone, and it is beneficial to them to

j mix nodules of this with the compost, which in
other respects should consist of equal parts of fibrous

■ peat and loam, with a sprinking of coarse sand.
| Abundance of water is essential during the warmer

months, but in foggy districts like London there is
. a danger of giving too much in winter. It is neces-
' sary also to guard against water lodging in the

■ centre. I may add, however, that in February I saw
Ja perfectly healthy collection of these Cypripedes,
I which had been freely watered, and given growing
j treatment throughout. But the situation was one

where London smoke did not reach — a very great
advantage in Orchid cultivation.

Besides the above species, which are mentioned in
the order of relationship, a number of varieties
exist, but being simply intermediate between them,
it is unnecessary to enumerate them. W. B.

SAXIFKAGA MACNABIANA.

Saxifbaga Macnabiana is considered to be the
most showy of all the cultivated Saxifrages, having
the scape of S. Cotyledon, but with the petals dotted
over with deep carmine spots. It was raised at the
Royal Botanical Gardens, Edinburgh, in 1876, when
Mr. MacNab was the curator, and was named after
him. Mr. Lindsay, the present curator, who was the
real raiser of the plant, informs me that nothing
whatever was known of its parentage, but that S.
nepalensis produced the seeds. This is merely a
1 garden variety of S. Cotyledon, which occurs in the
wild state throughout Europe from the Pyrenees to
Lapland. In Lapland it is called the Fjeld frier,
and it is the sweetheart's gift to his lady-love in that
country, where it produces lovely panicles of white
flowers 2 feet high. Mr. Lindsay, when in Norway,
in 1877, gathered many specimens of S. Cotyledon
differing considerably from the type in flowers and
foliage. It will be seen that this susceptibility
to variation is characteristic of the plant under
cultivation.

When S. Macnabiana was raised, the only plant
near S. Cotyledon was S. lingulata, a species of
dwarfer growth, the petals spotted with pink, and
the foliage edged with encrusted pores. Mr. Lind-
say therefore believes that S. lingulata was the
pollen parent, and this is probably the case, as many
of the seedlings are like this species, and the dwarfer
habit of the plant may also have been brought about
by this cross. S. Macnabiana seldom exceeds half
the height of S. Cotyledon. Its leaves are also much
smaller. A fine flower-scape will number over a
hundred flowers. One fine plant of S. nepalensis, in
flower at Brockhurst in 1883, carried forty-four
branches from the centre stalk, each having from
twelve to twenty-two flowers, so ' that there were
1 about 750 flowers, each the size of a fourpenny-
piece, in one panicle of bloom. Now as these flowers
occur in succession, it will be clear that there may
be considerable variety in the time of ripening of
the flowers, and thus there is room for great
divergence.

In 1886, a fine scape of S. Macnabiana ripened its
seed in my garden, and a quantity was saved from it.
This was sown, and produced a large crop of plants.
It was soon noticed that there were great differences
amongst the seedlings, and these increased as the
plants grew. The most notable were therefore
separated, and were grown on in small pots, and of
these 110 varieties are now exhibited, every one
resulting from the seed of this one single scape. In
the garden where the plant grew, there wera nearly
all the known species and varieties of Saxifrage, at
least 150 ; and, therefore, it is possible enough that
pollen from a great variety of Saxifrages might be

carried by insects to the mother plant. Likenesses
are evident, amongst the 110 seedlings, to the fol-
lowing species and varieties of Saxifraga : — lingulata,
Hostii, crustata, pectinata, elatior, carinthiaca,
Cotyledon, Aizoon, and Guthreana.

Here, then, we have a remarkable illustration of
the multiplication of varieties from a single scape of
bloom ; and it affords an excellent example of the
truth of Darwin's investigations on the fertilisation
of plants by insects.

Sprengel was, I believe, the first to point out that
many flowers were fertilised by insects ; and Andrew
Knight showed that in no plant does self-fertilisation
occur for an unlimited number of generations. Our
own Dean Herbert nearly made the same discovery,
as he found that advantage was derived from the
seed obtained by pollen from another individual of
the same variety, rather than its own. Darwin,
however, finally showed by careful investigation that
plants were improved by crossing with another

Fig. 43.— a fifteenth century garden (see p. 294).

stock ; that the application of pollen to the pistil of
the same flower is less efficient than pollen from
another individual. He also showed how frequently
self-fertilisation is prevented by the relative position
of the reproductive organs, or by their ripening at
different times. This subject has been carried much
further by Miiller, whose book contains minute
descriptions of the reproductive parts of every class
of flower, and long lists of the insects which are
found to frequent each flower in search of food.
Miiller, however, does not appear to have observed
the Saxifrages, and he gives no list of insects fre-
quenting them. He merely states that Dr. A.
Engler investigated thirty-eight species of Saxi-
frages, and found them all to be proterandrous ; the
pollen-tipped stamens moving singly, in succession,
towards the centre of the flower. In this way the
pistil became fertilised. This, I find, may readily
be observed in many of the Saxifrages, and particu-
larly in S. oppositifolia, and there is but little
variety in this class of self-fertilised Saxifrages.
Miiller then remarks that in some Alpine species
there is the peculiarity that the anthers are withered

before the stigma has ripened. He does not name
S. Cotyledon, or any species having these habits, but
herein we have the key to the question before us,

Julius von Sachs, in his Physiology of Plants, just
translated by Professor Marshall Ward, describes
this peculiar arrangement under the term " Dicho-
gamy,"— i.e., the non-simultaneous development of
the two sexual organs. When this occurs, as it does
in S. Cotyledon and S. Macnabiana, insects are the
means by which the pollen is carried to the ripe
pistil, and thus a great variety of pollen may be
carried to the individual flowers of a single scape,
and the progeny will be varied accordingly.

The 110 varieties of Saxifrages now exhibited are
illustrations of this curious subject. TV. Brockbank,
in " Memoirs of the Manchester Literary and, Philo-
sophical Society."

Nursery Notes.

FRUITS AT MESSRS. J. VEITCH AND SONS,
LANGLEY AND FULHAM.

Langley Nurseries. — The soil and situation is most
favourable here for Apples, and they are grown in large
quantities as standards, pyramids, on Crab and Para-
dise stocks, cordons, horizontal, and fan-trained. The
trained trees are bearing profusely, more especially
those on Paradise stock. Amongst good bearers we
noted on a recent inspection the following dessert
varieties : — Reine Jaune Hative, one of the most
beautiful of the early dessert Apples, a variety that
should be extensively cultivated ; St. Edmund's Pip-
pin, a very pretty early Russet; Scarlet Nonpareil,
medium size, handsome, and well -flavoured : the tree
forms a fine pyramid, and is an abundant bearer ; Peck's
Pleasant, apparently a variety of Newtown Pippin,
but hardier, and a more vigorous grower ; Boro-
vitsky (Duchess of Oldenburg), large, flesh yel-
lowish-white, crisp and juicy, a nice early Apple ;
King of Tomkin's County, very large, greenish-
yellow, streaked, hangs on the tree late, and keeps
well till May, when it is an excellent dessert Apple ;
tree very hardy, free-growing, and profuse bearer :
makes a good standard or pyramid. Margil, small,
richly flavoured, and highly perfumed, one of the
finest dessert Apples ; the tree is a small grower, but
forms a neat prolific pyramid. Cumberland Apple, a
rather large conical variety, suitable for dessert or
culinary use ; the ever-popular Cox's Orange Pip-
pin, one of the finest dessert Apples : the tree forms
a good pyramid, and is an abundant bearer. Of
other noteworthy sorts may be mentioned King
Harry, the handsome Worcester Pearmain, Oslin, a
first-rate summer Apple — the tree is a great bearer ;
Reinette du Canada, Cornish Aromatic, Manning-
ton Pearmain, Kerry Pippin, A 1 as an early Apple
and a prolific bearer ; Duke of Devonshire— the tree
forms a handsome pyramid ; Dutch Mignonne, Pit-
maston, Nonpareil, &c.

Kitchen Apples. — Bismarck, a good culinary
Apple, that keeps well, and retains its flavour till the
end of April ; very free-bearing both on the Crab
and Paradise stock. The Sandringham : this fine
novelty, on account of its large size and handsome
appearance, is unquestionably the best and most useful
introduction of late years ; the tree is of good habit,
of hardy constitution, and an excellent bearer.
Bramley's Seedling, one of the best culinary Apples ;
tree hardy and robust. Transparent du Croncelles,
not much known, a good sort. Early Russian, bear-
ing well ; North End Pippin, very little known, but
a very heavy solid Apple, keeping till June. Niton
House, like Stirling Castle, but larger, and keeping
till March ; the tree is a better grower, and bears
equally well. Ecklinville Pippin : the tree forms a
good pyramid, and is a most abundant bearer. Haw-
thornden, large, excellent and prolific. Graham's,
an excellent keeper ; Mrs. Barron, large yellow, flesh
sweet, and of first quality; Gascoigne's Seedling,
Domino— a good early Apple ; Barnack Bi auty, a
useful late variety; Baumann's Red Reinette, a good
keeper, tree very prolific : Peasgood's Nonsuch, extra

296

THE GARDENERS" CHRONICLE.

[September 14, 1889.

fine and free-bearing; and Pott's Seedling, an
excellent culinary variety.

Pears. — Amongst Pears we noted Marie Benoist,
one of the best late keepers, makes a good cordon or
small pyramid on the Quince. Triomphe de Vienne,
large and russety, flavour rich, tree prolific, just now
in perfection. Of other good sorts at the time
of our visit, we noted Belle d'Ecully, above
medium-size, flesh tender, melting, and very juicy ;
Bergamotte Heinbourg, a fine sort, with the flavour
of the old Autumn Bergamot ; and Beurr6 Dumont,
medium size, richly flavoured, with fine musky per-
fume. We noticed good quarters of pyramids, from
3 to 6 and 7 feet high — fine bearing trees — and large
numbers of trained trees, both fan and horizontal.
One of the great and interesting features at Langley
is the large collection of Apples, Pears, Plums, and
Cherries planted out for trial — borders over half a
mile being devoted to them — the collection of
Apples containing about 350 sorts, Pears 230,
Plums 150, and Cherries 80, from which the fruit
exhibited at the Royal Horticultural Society and
other exhibitions is taken. Three trees of each
kind are planted, thus giving a good idea of the
value of each sort. A most instructive portion of the
nursery.

Plums. — These fruits are grown in quantity, as
standards and pyramids. Cherries were noted in
large numbers, standards, pyramids, and dwarf-
trained in various sizes, up to large fruiting trees 8
to 9 feet across. Gooseberries, Currants, and Rasp-
berries are a fine stock. Superlative Raspberry is
thought very highly of. The fruit certificated by
the Royal Horticultural Society was grown here.
An extensive collection of Strawberries in all the
best sorts is grown. Waterloo has been very fine
and good again.

Southfield Nursery, Fulham. — Although the pure
air of Slough does not obtain here, it is surprising
what fine trees are grown — trained trees very largely.
Peaches and Nectarines, standard, half-standard,
and dwarf-trained, in all sizes— one to five years
trained trees that will bear crops the first season after
removal. Trees in pots, in fine condition, comprise
Peaches, Nectarines, Plums, Apricots, Pears, and
Cherries. Trained Plums, in large quantities, of
all sizes, including many fruiting trees, Pears,
trained fan and horizontally in all sizes, many
noticed with six tiers of branches. Cherries, espe-
cially on Mahaleb stock, are grand. Here they
make exceptionally fine trees, and, even in a young
state, bear freely. Some of the trained trees are
10 feet across. Apricots, dwarf-trained and standards,
are very clean and good. Pyramid Apples are
grown in quantity ; those on Paradise succeeding
well, and bearing good fruit. Trained Apples carry
good fruit in many cases. Pyramid Pears were noted
in various sizes, both on Pear and Quince stocks.

Cordons : Pears, Apples, Plums, and Cherries, are
in quantities, many 6 to 7 feet high, finely set with
buds. Figs are grown in quantity, in all the most
approved sorts. Amongst new varieties Violette Sepov
is an acquisition. It is a very large, dark-fleshed
fruit, syrupy, very sweet and luscious ; plant dwarfish
free bearing, with stout, short-jointed branches.
Pingo de Mel and St. John's are also good new
varieties.

Amongst miscellaneous subjects were large quan-
tities of Gueldres Roses, Deutzias, &c„ all estab-
lished in pots for forcing, and well set with buds.

In conclusion, a word of praise is due to Mr. F.
Morle, under whose excellent management these
nurseries are. X.

Messes. J. Laing & Sons.

Begonias. — If ocular demonstration of the esteem
with which the Begonias are held by the gar-
dening public were needed, a visit to the nursery
at Stanstead Park, S.E., would furnish it. My notes,
which were made quite recently, fall naturally under
two headings — indoors and outdoors. To refer
briefly to some of the more noteworthy varieties
found in the former. Single-flowered varieties. — A
spacious house is devoted to the cultivation of these.
A stage runs dawn the centre of it, and there is a

stage on each side. Here I saw a fine variety for
planting in baskets, and appropriately named pendula.
The flowers were 6.} inches across, of a deep rose
colour ; the stems olten exceed 9 inches in length,
carrying nine flowers on a spike.

Amongst the erect-flowering varieties (a point
which, with good habit, has received a considerable
share of successful attention here) may be noted
Guardsman, brilliant scarlet ; the effect produced by
the sun shining on a number of plants of this variety
was very beautiful. Golden Queen, one of the
finest of the yellows — a fine form ; Mrs. Weekes,
white, edged with rose-pink, as in a Picotee, is novel ;
Mrs. Chamberlain is a beautiful flower of rose and
white ; Duchess of Edinburgh is deep shaded yellow
— a very fine flower; Queen Victoria has immense
deep rose-coloured blooms, over 7 inches in diameter,
and 13 fine in form, besides possessing splendid
foliage ; Prince Albert Victor, of the brightest
scarlet, with a shade of orange, stately in habit, and
good in form ; Lady Brougham is pale salmon-rose —
very fine ; Lady Cloncurry, a vivid bronze vermilion,
is superb ; Lady Iddesleigh is of fawn, tinted with
orange-pink — a novel combination of colour, and
very distinct ; Miss E. F. Cooper is a lovely blush
colour, as is Blushing Bride.

Double-flowered Varieties. — A striking novelty is
Duchess of Teck, the colour of the flower being that
of Marechal Niel Rose ; Leonora, another good
novelty, of very pale salmon colour, edged with pink ;
Viscountess Cranbrook is rose-coloured, with a white
centre ; F. Nettlefold, a beautiful scarlet, crimped
flowers ; Miss White (Crousse) is one of the best of
the continental flowers I saw, and is of a distinct
apricot-colour — quite rose-bud-like flower; Miss
French (Crousse) is a beautiful cream-coloured
flower; Melaine Soupert (Crousse), pale cream. The
varieties sent out by Crousse constitute a good trio.
Marquis of Stafford is a deep carmine-crimson — a
magnificent flower ; alba fimbriata is pure white,
beautifully fringed — quite a novelty ; Mrs. Amy
Adcock, salmon-red, has a distinct white centre, and
is an acquisition ; Goliath, lovely carmine-crimson,
very fine ; Alice Manning, yellow, bearing enormous
trusses — good for basket-work ; Henshaw Russell,
bearing rosettes of bright orange-scarlet flowers — an
acquisition.

Several good things were noted amongst the
doubles and singles which were under numbers, thus
rendering distinct reference to them impossible just
now, but which must, by their present promising
condition, be heard of hereafter.

This makes the ninth year that tuberous Begonias
have been bedded out at this nursery, and it may
with perfect safety be said that the test has been a
perfectly successful one. Used for this purpose, the
Begonia is destined to hold a foremost place in the
outdoor flower garden decoration of the future.
About an acre of space is devoted to them here.
There are about 120,000 plants in eighteen long
narrow beds, running at right angles to the main
road — plants of the variegated Maize, introduced at
fitting points, constitute happy breaks to the veritable
blaze of colour afforded by the crimsons, scarlets,
roses, yellows, and the various other shades of
colour so difficult of accurate description. Amongst
miscellaneous subjects some beautiful clumps of
Phloxes were noted. An extensive and well-grown
collection of Chrysanthemums promises good returns
at a later date. Vines are greatly in demand, and
all the popular sorts are grown, h.

THE SHOW DAHLIA.

By Mr. Habrt Turner.

History. — The first double or semi-double flowers
were obtained about the year 1814 by Mr. Donkelaar,
of the Botanic Gardens, Louvain, and from three
plants which bore double flowers many varieties were
raised, and were imported into this country during
the winter of that year, the number of Show and
Fancy varieties steadily increasing until we find sixty
varieties were cultivated by the London Horticul-
tural Society in the year 1826. Various shades of
colour and the quality of the flower gradually im-
proved until the year 1832, when the most decided
advance was made by the raising of Springfield Rival,
a crimson flower described as superb ; and in the year
1841, the number had so increased that one grower
claimed to have in his garden 1212 double varie-
ties. After that year, many Show and Fancy
flower* were raised, and in the year 1840, we

find then some popular flowers were exhibited — viz.
Sharp's Beauty of the Plain in eighty-nine stands
forty-four of which were 1st prize stands. Cox's
Defiance, a yellow flower, was also exhibited sixty-
seven times in forty-one 1st prize stands. Two of
the best flowers in 1841 being Conqueror of the
World, a yellow ground slightly tipped, and Rival
Revenge, a yellow flower, very much ribbed, and
which would be discarded from any stand of the
present day. Another of the same date, Burnham
Hero, having a very bad outline, and rough open
petals. In the next year, 1842, Whale's Attila was
sent out, a lilac ground with a faint crimson stripe,
and also Beauty of Wakefield, a large loose petalled
variety with a Picotee edge of lilac, and Princess
Royal (Hudson's), a rough flower. The next flowers
of importance were Beeswing, a dwarf-growing
variety, with crimson flowers, which was exhibited
in all the winning stands in 1845 ; Essex Pride was
also good at this time. Amongst the new and
improved varieties in 1846 was, Cassandra, Magician,
Marchioness of Cornwallis, a blush-white, not unlike
our present Mrs. Gladstone in colour, but not
approaching this latter variety in quality, and Prin-
cess Radziwill, a white ground flower tipped with rose,
but with a long pointed petal. About this time the
flowers had so much improved upon former'varieties,
that only one variety exhibited in the 1st prize
stand of the same number of blooms in 1846 was
exhibited six years previously, and that variety was
Springfield Rival. The next year, 1847, brought
out Scarlet Gem and Berryer, the latter a very dark
flower, but with a very ribbed petal ; the next
variety of note was Shylock, a scarlet flower that
obtained fourteen 1st prizes and First-class Certi-
cates ; in the same year Toison d'Or, a French
variety, obtained some notoriety. In the next year
Mr. Seldon was introduced, a very constant flower,
which remained in cultivation for fifteen or sixteen
years. In 1851, Barmaid, raised by Mr. Holmes,
was the most successful flower ; it was a tipped
variety, after the style of our present Mrs. Shirley
Hibberd, but not so constant or good in quality.
Mrs. Hansard of this year, a Fancy variety, yellow
tipped with white, was a great addition to this class.
Bob, a scarlet variety, was about this time grown
very successfully — it was a very tall growing variety.
The next year, 1853, was an important year : John
Franklin, Queen Victoria, and Miss Caroline were
some of the principal introductions.

The outline of the flower about this time was
much improved, and in 1856 a standard flower, which
has been grown to the present time, was raised by
George Holmes, Esq., viz., Lord Palmerston. After
this came Lord Derby, Leah, Earl of Pembroke,
George Rawlings, Harriet Tetterill, John Wyatt,
Lady Gladys Herbert, Mrs. Henshaw, Umpire, a chaste
flower, but rather small ; Fanny Sturt, Gem, Sultan,
and Queen Mab, most of these varieties being grown
up to the present time. The great improvement
which has taken place in the Show and Fancy Dahlia
in the last twenty-five years is in the outline, well-
shaped petal and perfect centre, the flowers of the
present day requiring little or no dressing in com-
parison to the time it took thirty years since to pre-
pare a stand of Dahlias for exhibition. The im-
provement in the flower has also had some effect on
the habit, and the Show varieties of the present day
are not nearly so tall in habit as those grown twenty-
five years since.

Cultivation.

The plants intended to be planted out to produce
show flowers should be transferred from the small
5-inch pots (in the early part of May) into 48's or
32's, and placed in a cold frame until planted out
early in June. Nearly all the varieties make strong
plants, and succeed well if grown from cuttings, but
a few varieties such as Bendigo, Mrs. Foster, Bur-
gundy, Herbert Turner, &c, which are very double,
or are apt to come with green centres, are better
grown from pot roots or old divided ground roots.
The plants should be planted 5 feet by 4 feet apart, if
in a border, arranging for the tallest flowers at the
back. After the groand has been squared out, dig

Septejibeb 14, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

297

■holes about 2 feet square and the same in depth—
into each hole put a spadeful of light potting shed or
other soil mixed with a little manure— this is to give
the plant a start— break up the soil taken out of the
hole before returning it ; and after the plant is
planted, lightly tread when replacing it. A light
stick will hold the plant for a few days, and when
planting is finished, put a stout stake 4 to 5 feet
high to each plant, and tie the stem of the plant to
the stake rather loosely to allow for the stem to
swell in due course. As soon as the main stem
throws out laterals, add four smaller stakes to secure
the side-branches to keep them well tied out, so that
plenty of light and air are admitted to the plants
during growth.

There is no general rule for disbudding, every variety
has to be studied in this respect— to commence to
disbud some coarse-growing varieties, such as Cham-
pion Rollo, Royal Queen, &c, as soon as the bud
appears, would make the flowers coarse the whole
season, whilst all varieties should be sparingly dis-
budded at first by taking only one bud away, and
then within three weeks of the exhibition the grower
can choose the bud which is perfect, and will be
likely to be in flower about the date of the exhibi-
tion, and remove all the other buds. Should the
variety be a thin and small flower, then remove all
the side shoots down from the bud to the stem ; but
should the variety be inclined to become coarse, only
thin sparingly until a week or so before the show.
This is most essential to a Show Dahlia. The soil
should never be allowed to be dry at their roots from
the time of planting ; and I think I might here
state that after the plants have been staked and tied
out, the surface of the soil should be forked
over, and the plants top-dressed with a good
dressing of stable manure — this will keep the
roots moist and encourage the roots to the
surface to feed. Should the weather be hot
and dry, the plants should be sprinkled overhead
every night in addition to the watering at the roots,
which at first should not be excessive, but sufficient
to keep them moist and growing. Heavy watering
should be commenced three weeks before the exhi-
bition, as the plants will be sufficiently large to take
plenty of water, and should be continued until a
week previous to the show, the last week lightly
sprinkling round the plants to keep them fresh and
moist ; too much water a few days previous to the
show has a tendency to cause the flowers to shoot
their petals after being cut for exhibition.

To protect the buds from earwigs, caterpillars,
greenfly, thrips, &c, a muslin bag, 6 inches by 8 is
best, and should be placed over the bud as soon as
it shows colour. The bag should be fastened with
bast or raffia round the stem of the flower, and must
be taken off every morning to see if any insect has
by chance got into the bag, and the flower examined
to see if it is growing properly ; and as the flower
progresses the bag should be lifted every morning, so
as not to check the growth of the flower. Shades
are best made of a stout wire frame with a thick
canvas covering, and should the weather prove very
hot, a few leaves of Rhubarb should be laid on the
shade over the full grown flowers. Shading should
be commenced a week previous to the exhibition.
Some tipped or light edged flowers are much im-
proved by a flower-pot (24) placed over them on a
table a week or ten days before a show, with a piece
of glass over the hole in case of rain.

Exhibiting.

The stands on which the flowers are exhibited
.are usually painted green, and are made of one uni-
form width— viz., 18 inches, and should be supported
by legs 9 inches at the back and 3 inches in front,
holes being made to receive the flowers G inches
apart, and for a stand of twelve flowers 24 inches
long. In selecting blooms for exhibition, place deep
circular flowers at the corners of the stand, and in-
troduce as much diversity of colour as possible,
selecting quality before size, a large coarse flower
often spoiling what would otherwise have been a
good stand. The perfection io a show flower should

be fair size, globular form with good depth, the petals
short and cupped, smooth on the edge, the outline a
perfect globe, the centre high but not above the face
of the flower, the centre should be close, and the
petals radiating from the centre should expand by
degrees; types of the most perfect flowers being
Mrs. Gladstone, Bendigo, Joseph Green, and Sun-
beam. The colour of a self should be bright and
clear, of one uniform shade from the centre to the
back petals ; if an edged flower, the marking should
extend round the edge ot each petal. Read at the
Dahlia Conference, Sept. G.

Cultural Memoranda.

HYDRANGEAS.
Perhaps the decorative value of this plant is best
illustrated by dwarf single stemmed specimens.
These, when well grown, are very effective and use-
ful for furnishing purposes. To have them in good
condition for the ensuing spring no time should now
be lost in putting in the cuttings, these small plants
being always best when raised from cuttings
annually. In selecting the cuttings, choose strong
short-jointed points, with about three or four pairs
of leaves, removing the bottom pair only. Insert
them singly in small pots, and plunge in a moderately
moist frame with but little or no bottom-heat ; too much
heat or moisture is apt to cause the leaves to fall pre-
maturely, a result which should be avoided, as they
assist the plants in making plenty of roots, and
maturing a bud more likely to flower when they are
started in spring ; therefore, endeavour to retain
the leaves until they fall naturally in the autumn.
A good plan is to insert a small stake, and tie them
up loosely by running a piece of bast round them.
They can then be watered more freely without
danger of their decaying, which they might
do if allowed to lop about on the surface of the
plunging material. At first they will require to be
rather heavily shaded, but gradually discontinue it, as
soon as it is found they will stand exposure, at the
same time giving more air, until final exposure may
be allowed towards the fall of the year, when the
foliage will drop naturally ; they should then be
stored away in a cool-house, and kept comparatively
dry, until it is desired to start them in spring, at
which time they should be repotted and introduced
into a growing temperature, when flowers should
soon make their appearance with the young growth.
Hydrangeas like a rich loamy soil, but for the cut-
tings it ought to be rather sandy. The common
H. hortensis is best suited for these dwarf plants, but
the small white variety (Thomas Hogg) might be in-
cluded if smaller plants are desired. There is also a
white variegated-leaved variety, which is very useful
for brightening up masses of green plants. F. R.

Akistolochias ion Pot Culture.

It is difficult to explain why the free-blooming
Aristolochias do not find greater favour amongst
growers. Although some hardier species grow and
bloom but little, or not at all, the fact remains that
such species as A. elegans (described and figured in
the Gardeners' Chronicte, September 5, 1S55), is a very
beautiful and free flowerer, of not too rambling
growth, and adapted for cultivation in pots ; and
although that most singular flowering species, the
Bird's-head, or A. ornithocephala, is of such vigour
as to attain to a height of 20 feet in its native land,
it can be bloomed very freely, trained on a balloon in
12-inch pots. Both this species and A. elegans were
staged at the exhibition of Weston-super-Mare last
month. The form and markings of A. elegans are
likely to promote it to the front rank of exhibition
plants; and A. ornithocephala, with its larger
blooms, can be similarly treated with marked
success, which should give it greater prominence in
the estimation of lovers of the extraordinary and
beautiful.

Another remarkable species is A. ridicula, with its
two backwardly ascending lobes, reminding us of the
antenna; of a snail, and the whole plant covered

with hairs. It blooms at every joint freely, once the
energies of a plant centre develop into flowering
wood ; whilst the gaping A. ringens ; the deciduous,
or giant A. gigas ; A. grandiflora, from Jamaica; A.
tricaudata, and A. Duchartrei, exemplify a wealth of
variety worthy the attention of gardeners. Though
objection may be made to some of the species on the
score of their objectionable odour, it was observed
that A. elegans is free from the objection. Their
culture is simple : pot into a mixture of peat and
loam, with the addition of a little silver sand, and
provided they are potted betimes, so that the roots
take possession of the soil before growth is nearly
finished for the season. It is of importance to placa
the plants in full sunshine, and to ventilate freeJj
during the period of growth, as without this, the
young wood will not become sufficiently matured to
form flower buds. William Earley, Ilford.

PLANT PORTEAITS.

Adiantum tetrophy'llum vae. obtusum, Illustration
Horticole, t. 86. — Discovered in Lower Congo by
M. Auguste Linden.

vEchmea Deakeana, Revue Horticole, August 16. —
A Bromeliad from Ecuador, with tuft of strap-
shaped entire leaves, from the centre of which
uprises a scape, bearing at its upper extremity a
spike consisting of two rows of densely-packed
flowers. Each flower measures nearly 2 inches in
length ; the ovate calyx is about half an inch in
length, orange-crimson ; the tubular corolla has a
o-lobed limb, and is twice or thrice longer than the
calyx, clear blue.

Anguloa Clowesii, Lindenia, t. 191.— Venezuela.

Anthukium Schebzebianum vae. Mlle. Luci-
enne Linden, Illustration Horticole, t. 85. — Spathe
white, spotted, and blotched with crimson.

Cattleva Mossi.n vae. Waesoqueana, Lindenia,
t. 192. — Segments white, lip fringed with an orange
blotch, streaked with crimson.

Cattleva Warscewiczii, Reichenbachia, t. 72.

Dietes Huttoni, Garden, August 24. A yellow
Irid.

Ls;lia maiai.is, Lindenia, t. 190. — A good figure
of this noble Mexican Orchid.

Odontoglossum Roezlii, Reichenbachia, t. 69.

Oncidium ampliatum majcs, Reichenbachia, t. 70.

Renanthf.ra Lowii, Reichenbachia, t. 71.

Stapelia maemoeata, Revue de I 'Horticulture Beige,
September.

Stapelia mutabilis, Revue de I' Horticulture Beige,
September.

Thunia Maeshalliana, Lindenia, t. 189.- — A beau-
tiful species, with white perianth segment, and a lip
with an orange-coloured blotch.

KvEMPFER'S IRIS.

Botanists tell us that these are only varieties of
Iris laevigata, a statement which may satisfy the
requirements of science, but not the gardener, for
there is an immense difference between the two, for
when we take the type of laevigata and compare it
with the best Japanese Iris Kzempferi, the great
differences in point of size, substance of flower, and
variety in colouring, can be seen at a glance. More-
over, the duplication of the petals to form a double
flower, indicates a step further in development.
These Irises seem conveniently to divide themselves
into three groups — those in which the three outer
perianth pieces or falls are much reflexed, and larger
than the three inner or standards. This group is
very similar to the laevigata type, only that we have
seen Kiempferis with flowers close on 12 inches over
— a difference which, of course, is very important.
The second group is the duplex flower, in which all
the six pieces of the perianth are of about the same
size, and all laying flatly on the same plane, giving
the flower a nicely rounded, symmetrical appearance,
and perhaps those Irises may yet acquire that ideal
precision in form which is characteristic of florists'
flowers.

298

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 14, 1889.

The third group have their flowers much more
double, owing to the essential organs having become
petaloid. These have a massive appearance, and
are the true double Kajmpfer's Iris. The colours
are very varied and beautiful, the shades running
from dark blue to the lightest lavender, many gra-
dations of rose, salmon, purple, and mauve, to pure
white. A conspicuous feature in those flowers is the
lovely venation and mottled marbling, which are
freely disposed throughout, and generally with a
more or less distinctly lined yellow blotch on the
claw of the petals. The Japanese seem to have
made a specialty of this Iris, and to them we are
indebted for most of the best forms which have been
imported direct; indeed, several traders do quite a
large business in these plants— perhaps no one more
so than Mr. W. Gordon, of Twickenham, and from
whom we recently had the pleasure of inspecting a
fine batch of flowers, amongst which were noted as
being good :— Kaiser Wilhelm, a grand flower,
bluish -purple or dark heliotrope, mottled and veined,
shading to lilac in the centre— a duplex flower ;
the New Emperor, large fine full flower, purplish
crimson, standards lighter blue, both flaked
and splashed with lighter and darker colours ;
Jamas Flood, a bold, large flower, ricli claret, with a
finely veined yellow centre blotch ; Chevalier, a dark
bluish purple, with inner petals greyish-lavender,
finely veined with white ; Lady Grant Duff, a rich
purple, splashed with light lavender, white, con-
spicuous yellow c'aw ; James O'Brien., fine maroon-
purple, mottled and splashed with white — a good
double flower; Grand Lilas, violet, striped, and
veined and suffused with light blue at the base ;
Gloria Mundi, reddish-brown and white, shading to
purple, and suffused with lavender ; Boule de Neige,
a fine three-petalled, white, nice lemon-yellow blotch
on the claw ; Dorothy, a large three-petalled white;
Dora, nearly white, but distinct from the preceding;
Violet Queen, a very neat flower, whitish, deriving
the name from the dark violet centre petals ; Alba
compacta, a line pure white flower; Exquisite, a very
double flower, a white ground, heavily striped with
purple and violet — agrand flower. These are the names
of a few which seemed to me to be the most striking
at the time, but no doubt there were others equally
meritorious ; and even some unnamed flowers were
not to be despised — indeed, I have seen mixed
batches of seedlings with very fair flowers amongst
them. Only quite recently, I saw a fine bed of such
at Burford Lodge, Dorking, where, by timely water-
in<r, and attention in other details, excellent results
were attained in a rather unpromising soil. That
these Irises can exist in a variety of situations and
soils I have had ample opportunity of observing, but
they are found to do the best when treated as bog
plants, not exactly aquatic treatment, but simply
that the water-level shall be only about a foot below
the surface of the soil in which they are planted.
The soil itself should be of a rich alluvial character,
and to which decayed manure may be added at the
time of planting. As to the planting itself, the root-
stock should only be just under the soil ; but as they
are apt to get injured in winter when this is too
much exposed, I have found it good practice to
mulch the beds lightly with leaf-mould, or some
similar material, and this top-dressing assists growth
wonderfully.

After repeated mulchings, should the beds get too
high, the plants are benefited by being replanted,
trenching and manuring the ground at the same
time. This operation also offers the best and
readiest opportunity to propagate any special varie-
ties. As seeds do not always come true to the
original characters, and moreover, take two years to
arrive at the flowering size, division of the roots, if
it be carefully done at the end of September, is a
better way, as these small pieces will flower next
season just as well as if they had not been broken up ;
but I have received imported roots in February
which have flowered well the same season. How-
ever, I have found early autumn planting and divi-
sion the best. As was before said, a good deal of
success depends on the situation in which they are

grown ; but where there is water at command, they
may be grown as easily as our common yellow
water flag. They have a splendid effect when planted
in masses along the margin of a lake ; but they can
be equally well grown, if the necessary steps are
taken, where the water supply is limited, by
constructing islets ; and there are very few gardens
where this could not be done. The water-way need
not be wide, nor the volume of water large — merely
sufficient to percolate through and moisten the mass
of the islets. When grown in this way, it is
advisable to trench the soil at least 2 feet deep ; and
if the subsoil is poor or of an unkindly nature, to
remove it, making up the bed with peat or leaf-
mould, well mixing the whole. Under such con-
ditions, success would be all but a certainty ; and I
feel sure no one would ever regret having taken a
little extra trouble in securing success in the culti-
vation of this plant— undoubtedly the king of Irises.

Independently of their beauty, these Irises flower
in summer after the other Irises have passed away —
a fact which ought to be an additional inducement
to those who have not yet taken up their cultivation,
and who desire beautiful flowering hardy plants in
summer. Although they like an open position, yet
slight shade is not prejudicial, if this be caused by
distant objects, but is rather advantageous than
otherwise, as also is shelter from strong wind, the
flowers lasting much longer. F. R.

moderately stout, and produce flowers and leaves at
the same time. The leaves are a foot or more long,
linear, J to J inch broad. The flower-stem is 1 to 2 feet
long, simple or branched, with long racemes of small
flowers, entirely of alight greenish-yellow colour, ex-
cept the crests and margin of the lip, which are
white ; all the segments are narrow, the sepals and
petals being linear obtuse, about 5 lines long, and
the lip linear-oblong, crenulate at the apex, with
about six, very slender, crested keels. The spur is
slender and nearly 3 lines long. JV. E. Brown, Kcw.

New or Noteworthy Plants.

PODOPHYLLUM PLEIANTHUM, Hance, n. sp.
This is a most remarkable new introduction
(fig. -U), different in every respect from the others
in cultivation, and promising fair to outstrip even
the very beautiful P. Emodi, which is probably the
most common of the species yet in cultivation.
With regard to the present plant, the late Dr. Hance
says;— " Although during the past twenty years I
have been able to add no inconsiderable number of
species of various plants to the Chinese flora, it is
doubtful if it has often been my good fortune to
record a more interesting discovery than the above.
Specimens were first sent by Mr. T. Watters,
H.M. Consul at Tam-Sui, in the spring of 1881."
Again he says: — "The occurrence of Diphylleia
and Oaulophyllum in Japan and Sachalin, and
of Jeffersonia in Manchuria would, of course, have
prepared us for the present discovery. Although
agreeing in its isostemonous flowers with the well-
known P. Emodi, the present is otherwise as distinct
from that species as the American one. The leaves
have a curiously subulate toothed margin, aad quite
shallow lobes. They are peltate, orbiculate,
6 to 8-lobed, the lobes triangular acuminate. Dr.
Hance does not say whether P. pleianthum has any
economic uses in Formosa similar to P. peltatum, the
May Apple of the United States, where the fruit is
eaten and a purgative resin prepared from the
rhizome. D. D.

EoLOPHIA CALLICHROMA, Rchb. f*

This species has been recently introduced from the
Zambesi region by Mr. James OBrien. It is not an
attractive species, in spite of the name given to it by
Reichenbach ; but on examination of the type speci-
mens, I find that he was misled as to the colours
being purplish, white, and green, owing to what is
evidently a misplacement of one of the labels, as the
label with one of the specimens states the colour to
be " yellow," which is nearly correct, as they are light
greenish-yellow ; the other label which is the one
Reichenbach quotes, has on it, " Mesoch. purplish,
bordered white, epi and hypoch. green," which clearly
shows that that label must by some accident have
been misplaced, as the lip of E. callichroma is re-
markable as being almost entire, there being scarcely
a trace of the usual three-lobed character in this
species, much less any distinction of hypochile, me-
sochile and epichile. The pseudobulbs are erect and

» EulopMa callichroma, Ethb. f., Otia. Bat., Hamburg, p. 116.

The Herbaceous Border.

ERYNGIUM OLIVERIANUM AND OTHERS.

The few Eryngiums in common cultivation are
much confused in the naming. Perhaps the finest
of them is E. Oliverianum of Laroche. This is not
known anywhere as a wild plant; but was raised
from seeds brought from the Levant, and is con-
sidered by E. Bjissier {Flora Orient, vol. ii., p. 829)
to be certainly a hybrid, and he names as its pro-
bable parents E. giganteum and E. planum. I find
that it rarely produces a fertile seed. If the parent-
age is rightly given by Boissier, it is curious that the
radical leaves instead of being entire, as in both the
parents, are deeply .three-cleft, being generally
divided quite to the base. It is the earliest Eryn-
gium to flower with me, and the heads and upper
stalks are always of a rich amethyst colour. It is
often sold in nurseries as E. amethystinum. The true
E. amethystinum of Linnaius, from the Alps of Ger-
many and Italy, is a plant of much smaller dimen-
sions, growing not more than half the height of the
last, the heads being round, and hardly half an inch
in diameter, with very long narrow involucral
leaves ; the heads and upper stalk are of a bright .
amethyst colour; the lower leaves are long,
hard, spiny, and much dissected, and the growth
of the plant much branched and bushy. I have
seldom seen it in cultivation. The commonest of
the small-headed Eryngos, and a very ornamental
plant, is E. planum, a plant native in the
south-east of Europe, and perfectly hardy. It
has smooth, nearly round, radical leaves, on
long stalks, with a heart-shaped base. The stalk
rises erect, and divides at 2 or 3 feet from the
ground into a branched corymb of many lavender-
coloured heads, which continue flowering for several
weeks. E. alpinum, as figured in Bot. Hag,,
tab. 922, with blue heads, I have never seen. The
plants sent me under the name from the Alps, have
always had ivory-coloured stalks and heads, though I
believe they are true to species. The heads are
large and few, and except by its dwarfer growth
— the heads never being more than three on
a stalk — it might be E. giganteum, a Caucasian
species, which is far commoner in gardens. This,
although called perennial, generally dies after
flowering, and seedlings come up in abundance round
it, which flower the second year. It is said that in
its native place it bears blue heads, but in England
the heads are geneiallv grey, with hardly a tint of
blue. Another hardy Eryngo, E. Bourgati, a Pyre-
nean species, is worth cultivating for its elegantly
variegated foliage, the marks being almost as distinct
as they are in the Milk Thistle. C. Wollcy Bod.

Herbaceous Plants.

Although most of us have railed about the weather
and the un favourableness of the season, it has
evidently suited herbaceous plants and most hardy
perennials, for never before do I remember to have
seen them so fine and full of flower ; and although the
general class of " bedders " have not blossomed freely,
borders have been very gay with the grand show the
first-named have made. Among the most con-
spicuous, Phloxes may be mentioned, and these have
stood out boldly, the frequent rains and cool atmo-
sphere having enabled them to send up stout stems
and big trusses, that have continued to open their
buds and give a long succession of bloom. If the

September 14, 1889.]

THE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

299

•wet has spoiled or injured this one day, the heads
seemed just as full the next, or very soon after ; and
in Ipswich, at the Messrs. Gilbert's nursery, I saw a
bed of white Queen from which a cartload of flowers
might have been cut, and a man could easily have
hidden among the plants without being seen, so tall
and luxuriant were they in the growth they had
made. Another plant that appears to delight in a
wet summer is the Kudbeckia Newniani, as the more
it is wetted and washed, the brighter and fresher it
looks. This is a great favourite of mine, and
is, I think, one of the most effective things
anyone can have in a border, as its bright
yellow petals, and the contrast they afford
with the dark velvety disc, are very telling, and the
flowers are of much service for cutting. The Heli-
.anthus, too, such as H. multiflorus, are invaluable,

Florists' Flowers.

— ♦
THE HYACINTH.
The Dutch bulbs are now being received, and in a
few weeks we shall be engaged in potting the general
collection. Those who have grown these bulbs for a
long period of years, will be able to verify the marked
improvement which has taken place in Hyacinths
from Holland. The exhibitions in London and
other towns have afforded the means of sowing useful
information far and wide as to the best methods of
culture necessary to obtain large and handsome
6pikes, together with the names of the best varieties
to cultivate. Many persons who have visited the
garden under my care when the Hyacinths have been
in bloom, and noted the quality of the spikes, have

W *^r^

Fig. 44. — podophyllum pleianthum : kedoved. (see p. 298.)

as no amount of rain harms them, and they are very
telling in the foreground of shrubs. The single
form is preferable, as the double kind is too heavy and
lumpy iu appearance, and, therefore, is not so dressy
in glasses when cut. To come in before this Sun-
flower, Helianthus (Harpalium) rigidus is the
thing, and this no garden should be without ; nor is
there much fear of that when once planted and
started, as its growth is strong, and it spreads by
sending out large creeping roots that throw up
suckers or young stock around the old stool. These
show themselves early in spring, and may then be
dug up and replanted ; but they should have the
ground prepared by deep digging, and a dressing of
manure worked in. Michaelmas Daisies are just
coming on, and these Asters are also wet weather
plants, the best among them being A. bessarabicus,
the flowers of which are large and high coloured.
This Aster only grows about 2 feet high, and has
stout stems that branch out freely, and produce a
great quantity of bloom in succession. J. Skcppard.

said, " Oh ! it is all very well to grow such spikes
for exhibition, but we only want the ordinary
varieties to make a display in the greenhouse or
conservatory." This is altogether a wrong assump-
tion, and I have pointed out to those who entertain
it, that it is just as easy to grow good as inferior
varieties, and, as a rule, there is not much difference
in the first expense; and, moreover, it may be
assumed that those varieties which are best adapted
for exhibiting, are the best for the garden and the
greenhouse.

The Dutch growers find the difliculty also, in getting
their customers to purchase the more modern and
better bulbs in place of those that are older and in-
ferior. When I first exhibited Hyacinths at shows,
the best dark blue to be got for a reasonable price
was Baron von Thuyll. King of the Blues, considered
now the best of the dark blues, was so scarce, that I
had to pay as much as a sovereign for one bulb.
Now it can be bought for ninepence a bulb. In white

Hyacinths we had to grow Alba maxima and Mont
Blanc, untilaLaGrandesse appeared, which was sold
at about the same price as King of the Blues was at
first ; now it can be bought for tenpence. Vurbaak
is the best crimson Hyacinth, but it is still rather
dear ; it is, however, an immense improvement in
colour and length of spike on Robert Steiger. The
lists of show varieties given in the Gardeners
Chronicle are likewise, without doubt, the best to
grow for general garden purposes. The price will
not often be an obstacle in most instances. The
better varieties, such as Fabiola, pale rose ; La
Joyeuse, rosy-pink ; Cavaignac, pink ; Charles
Dickens, rose, with carmine stripes; Solfaterre,
orange-red; Von Schiller, salmon-pink, striped
crimson; and Queen of Hyacinths, ros) -scarlet ; are
not dearer than some of the very old ones.

The same remarks apply to white and blue
Hyacinths. Next in quality to La Grandesse, just
mentioned, is Mont Blanc. Baroness Van Zuyll, a
sport from the blue variety ; Baron Van Zuyll is
distinct, and produces a long, though not massive
spike. Grandeur a Merveille was the best blush
variety until it was displaced by Princess Amelia.
I have already named the best dark blue. Others
are Marie and Souvenir de J. H. Veen, both distinct
and good. The best of the blue-blacks are Sir H.
Barkley and General Havelock. The new pale blue
varieties are far in advance of the old well-known
Grand Lilas.the best of them being Czar Peter and Lord
Derby ; but the newer Princess Mary of Cambridge
is distinct and good, and should be included. The
newer yellow Hyacinths are still rather expensive.
Ida is the best of them, but it is a primrose-coloured
bloom at first, and changes to straw colour as it
advances. I do not grow many double-flowered
Hyacinths, but this year I purchased Lord Welling-
ton, rosy-blush ; Princess Dagmar, bright red ;
Charles Dickens, dark blue ; Laurens Koster, indigo-
blue ; Van Speyk, pale blue ; Koh-i-noor, the best
of all double Hyacinths, and of a beautiful salmon-
pink colour. The above list of names is not a long
one, still it will be found to include the best flowers
in the various classes, most, if not all of which are
to be bought at reasonable prices.

The cultivation of the Hyacinth is very simple.
The soil (if possible) should be prepared about two
months before it is wanted, and it should be light
and rich; the object in getting it ready so long
beforehand being to thoroughly incorporate the
manure and the soil. A compost of two parts loam,
one leaf-mould, one decayed manure, and one of river
6and, is what I have used for many years, and it will
be found to answer admirably. If we were to imitate
the soil of the Haarlem bulb fields, it would consist,
at least, of one-half sand. There is no need to use
very large pots, and to do so is an error some
growers are apt to fall into. Some varieties have
much larger root-stocks than others, and pro-
duce a larger mass of roots, and so I place these
larger bulbs in 6-inch and the smaller ones in
4A and 5-inch pots. The planting of the bulbs
is" of some importance; those who have been suc-
cessful in bulb culture or indeed in any branch
of gardening, have given careful attention to the
most minute details of their work. Some persons
take their bulbs and press them down into the soil,
causing the material to be very firm just underneath
the bulbs, or at least firmer than that surrounding
them, the roots push out rapidly and altogether, with
the result that they cannot freely penetrate the soil,
and the bulbs are pushed up out of the soil. The right
wav to pot a bulb is to make a hole in the soil
with the fingers, and put the bulb into it ; place a little
clean sand about it ; the soil should then be pressed
moderately firm around the bulb, leaving the crown
just above the surface. After the bulbs are potted,
place them out-of-doors on a hard, well-drained
bottom of coal-ashes, and cover the pots to a depth
of 4 inches with cocoa-nut fibre refuse ; and here they
must be left until roots are formed. The bulbs may
at any time be potted from the present until the first
week in November, for early and late flowering.
When those which are intended to be forced are

300

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Septembeh 14, 1889.

taken oat of the cocoa-nut fibre, they should be
placed in a cool-house for a few days, and then
put into a mild warmth to begin with, after a
time giving additional warmth. Always keep them
near to the roof of the house, as when they are
placed at a distance from it, or shaded by other
plants they cannot produce satisfactory spike6. ./.
Douglas.

Colonial Notes.

New Zealand. — In a previous note, I gave a few
observations on the climate and the appearance of our
public parks and gardens in our summer season, which
commences in December. Winter has now fairly set
in, a great change having taken place in the weather
since the commencement of the present month, June
(corresponding with December in Great Britain). In
Auckland we have had but one slight frost ; but
from the South news reaches us that severe frosts
have been experienced at Dunedin, Timaru, and Ash-
burton, where frosts, lasting for six nights threatened
to cut off the water supply to the towns. Skating on
the ice has been freely indulged in, and the north
part of the Ashburton Hiver has been frozen over ;
this is said to be the first time such a thing has
been known. By news received on the 19th inst., a
thaw had set in.

After a lovely day here on June 7, the barometer
began to fall rapidly, and on June 8 registered 28'9,
the lowest reading recorded for the past twenty-two
years, being a full degree lower than the glass denoted
at Samoa during the terrible hurricane in March last.
Throughout the day, June 8, a gale of wind from the
north-west blew fiercely, accompanied at intervals
by heavy squalls of sleet and rain. Fortunately the
storm was not so severe as the warning indicated by
the barometer would have led us to expect.

Meteorological observations recorded at Auckland
for June are as follows : — Mean temperature in the
shade, 51°,7 (previous twenty-one years, 53°. 3) ;
maximum temperature, G3° ; minimum temperature,
39°. Total rainfall for month, in inches, 3.030
(average for same month previous twenty-one years,
4.774). Number of days on which rain fell, nineteen
(average for previous twenty-one years, twenty-one).
The present is our worst season for Mowers, Chry-
santhemums and Dahlias being now over. The follow-
ing are the principal kinds in bloom, Tecomas, Da-
turas, Habrothamnus, Proteas, Laurustinus, Daphnes,
Plumbagos, Bouvardias, Epiphyllums, Acaias, and
Durantas ; the latter, D. Plumieri, bearing blue, and
D. EUissi white flowers, are useful shrubs, both
when in flower and in berry —the latter of an amber-
like yellow colour, borne in great profusion, are very
attractive. Both these plants are largely used for
hedges in many parts of India, for which purpose
they answer exceedingly well when properly pruned.
Camellias, which are largely cultivated in suburban
gardens, are now coming into bloom, and promise a
good display. Some of the leading horticulturists
are taking preliminary steps to organise a show of
this popular flower during the coming spring, on the
same footing as the Chrysanthemum show recently
held here.

The greater part of the trees growing in the
vicinity being evergreen, the signs of autumn's reign
and the approach of winter is less noticeable, owing
to the absence of the gay colours of decay of the leaf,
than is frequently seen in parks at home, where the
Elm, Oak, Beech, and other deciduous trees present
some beautiful pictures, especially at sunrise and
sunset, when the leaves are gradually ripening off
before affected by severe frosts. I well remember
how my attention was arrested by some such pictures
seen in parks in different parts of Essex, Kent, and
Dorset, in the autumn of 1885 ; sights scarcely felt
by those familiar to the views, but very attractive to
visitors, especially so to one like myself who had
been absent from England some ten years.

The grandest effect I ever saw produced by various
tints on trees was in the Punjaub, India, in the
autumn of 1883, when the strange coloured effects

— and unusual brilliancy in the sky at sunrise and
sunset — was a subject of general remark among both
Europeans and natives. I heard several strange
theories given by the latter as the probable cause
of the unusual phenomena, which, I believe, was
observed in many different parts of the world. After
sunset, and when daylight had departed, a peculiar
lurid glow of red, orange, green, and purple, appeared
in the sky, passing through various tints to a deli-
cate pink before finally disappearing, sometimes not
until a late hour. The effects produced by these
brilliant colours on the foliage of several kinds of
trees, then ripening their leaves, viz., the Chinese
Tallow tree (Stillingia sebifera), several species of
Rhus, Bassia, Salix, Croton, and others, with, in
places, a background formed with the dark green
foliage of clumps of Mango trees, the stately Date
1'alm, viewed from an elevation to which, for the
purpose, I ascended, was as grand a picture as is
seldom seen.

In my opinion, the appearance of what is known
here as the Western Park would be much improved
by the introduction of more ornamental deciduous
trees and shrubs ; the large proportion of closely-
planted Pines gives the park, especially at this
season of the year, a very sombre appearance.

In to-day's New Zealand Herald, a proposal is being
ventilated to take steps to organise a fruit exhibition,
to be held in Auckland next year, with a view to
showing what can be done here in the way of fruit
culture, and to impress upon the people the value of
developing an industry capable of almost unlimited
extension. It is also proposed to hold at the same
time a convention of fruit growers to discuss all
matters pertaining to the industry, and, if possible,
to form a fruit growers union similar to [what they
have in California. The following are included in
the wide range of subjects for discussion : The best
varieties of fruit to grow, how to pack the fruit,
markets, canning of preserved fruits, dealing with
fruit pests, wine and cider making, &c. Fruit-
growing readers are invited to express their
views upon the above proposal through the columns
of the New Zealand Herald. Among experimental fruit
culture in this district, the Prune tree has lately
been attracting some attention. The result of the
experience of one cultivator, who has both grown
and cured the fruit, is hopeful, and gives encourage-
ment that it is likely to be the foundation of a large
industry in the near future.

This being the midst of the planting season, the
Auckland nurserymen are drawing the attention
of intending planters to their stock by the issue of
catalogues of supplementary memoranda, contain-
ing the latest additions to their fruit trees, orna-
mental shrubs, shelter trees, &c. Some of the more
recent introductions I will notice at a future time.
Edgar Spooncr, Auckland, New Zealand, June 22.

Notices of Books,

A Handbook of Cryptogamic Botany. By
A. W. Bennett and George Murray. (Long-
mans, Green & Co.)

"In traversing so wide a field it is impossible that
a single worker, or even two, can be practically
acquainted with more than a comparatively small
portion of it. It is necessary, therefore, to consult
a literature, the extent of which, even for a single
year, is appalling, and in which it is often difficult
to distinguish between trustworthy and untrust-
worthy observations.'' This statement, with which
the authors preface their work, is so true that we are
at the very outset compelled to express our acknow-
ledgments to the authors for even attempting the
task. Not only is the field wide, but much of it has
been unsurveyed, and where it is otherwise, the
number of surveyors is very large, and their methods
not always comparable.

This latter point has in the past, and still offers a
terrible obstacle to the student, and perhaps even a
more formidable one to those botanists more or less
familiar with other departments who wish to refresh

their knowledge of cryptogamic botany to keep pace
with its progress, or even to gain a general idea of
the tendencies and scope of modern research. To a
certain extent the difficulty is undoubtedly inherent
in the subject itself. New methods of study are
being discovered, and the results of these open out
new views of life and structure, the details of the
new are not, except in a general sense, comparable
to those of the old, and hence new expressions, anew
terminology, a breaking-up of old land marks, a
fluctuating and uncertain layiDg down of new
boundaries. Until the whole course of the life-
history of each organism is fairly well known, and
adequate comparison between different forms is
thereby rendered possible, cryptogamic botany
must needs be more or less chaotic. Admitting all
this, and admitting also, as we are bound to
do, the brilliant and persevering efforts of many
naturalists to bring order out of confusion, we can,
nevertheless, not avoid the conviction that much of
the difficulty lies at the door of the cryptogamic
botanists themselves. Compared with the system
and method adopted by their colleagues, who have
to deal with flowering plants, the procedures of the
cryptogamist seem comparativelv destitute of law
and order. The law of priority, and the desirability
of making oneself acquainted with, and of taking
into account what has been done by our prede-
cessors, is less well understood or acted up to ; in-
dividual workers become a law to themselves, apply
new terms of their own invention without considera-
tion or with relatively little necessity, or they employ
old terms in a novel sense, and specially they shrink
from any attempt at a definition, even an arbitrary
or artificial one. Let us suppose a reader, with
some previous knowledge of botany, desirous of
knowing something of the characteristics and limita-
tions, say of Orchids or Composites, a single para-
graph in any text-book will give him what he requires.
Often the desired information may be summed up in
two or three lines. On the other hand, let him turn,
say to the Hepatice or indeed any of the groups in
one of our leading modern text books, and he will find
a treatise of many pages, with elaborate details
and full descriptions, but with no general com-
prehensive and comparative statement or summary
whatever. This has to be elaborated with pain by
the unfortunate reader, whose difficulties are thus
needlessly and enormously increased.

Inadequate historical research, (which cannot be
charged against the present authors), want of arrange-
ment, absence of condensation, and a deficient sense
of proportion in the treatment of details, these are
features unpleasantly prominent in many of the
books on Cryptogamic botany, and on histology,
especially in German books ; and this is true of
books written by no inferior hand, but by the
acknowledged leaders in their several departments.
The sooner the method followed in Phanerogamic
botany is adopted, and the general usage and prac-
tice of botanists conformed to, the more rapid will
be the progress of Cryptogamic botany.

The authors of the volume before us have evi-
dently appreciated the necessities of case to
some extent, for they contrast the higher
Cryptogams, which are so well known, that
something like finality is arrived at in their classi-
fication, with the lower groups, where the imperfec-
tion of our knowledge is such that at the best only
provisional arrangements are possible. That will
be granted of course, but let us have the provisional
arrangements. Let us have a Linnean system till a
Jussieuan one becomes possible, and even then let
us have our artificial system as a convenient index
to the more philosophical arrangement. Turning,
as before, to the Hepaticic, where surely it would not
task the ability of two such eminent botanists to
frame a definition that would be adequate for the
purpose, we find sixteen pages devoted to the
explanation of their organisation and life history,
and those of the subordinate groups, but an
absence of any such "summarised and comparative
statement, as ,in this case, at any rate, we have a
right to expect. But the present volume, consider-

September 14, 1889.]

THE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

301

ing the enormous difficulties of the task, is so useful,
so great an advance upon anything we had before
(Berkeley's Introduction to Crijptogamic Botany was
published as long ago as 1857) that we are not at all
disposed to find fault, or even to criticise. There is,
indeed, little to find fault with, while critical dis-
cussion here would be out of place. A few neologisms
are introduced, and a laudable attempt is made to
introduce uniformity and symmetry in the nomen-
clature of " spores." We fear, however, the use of
macrospore is too ingrained by custom ever to give
place to the more correct megaspore ; and the
corresponding terms " macrocarpa," " macrophylla"
are in such general use that we fear it is useless to
attempt to displace them. To those desirous of
obtaining a general knowledge of the several groups
of Cryptogams, together with their life-history,
which is in the present state of science of such
transcendent importance, this excellent book is in-
dispensable. It is well printed, well illustrated, and
has a full index. All that it seems to want is a
systematic synopsis and a glossary of terms. These
can be readily supplied in that new edition a demand
for which is sure to spring up at no distant date.

Le Petit Jardin.

M. Bois, an assistant in the horticultural depart-
ment of the "Museum" in Paris, has published
through M. Bailliere fils, a useful little book on
gardening for amateurs, beginning with tools and
ending with cockchafers, the intervening space
being filled up with chapters relating to the soil, to
manures, frames, greenhouses, cultural operations of
all kinds, landscape art, and so on. The largest
part of the volume is, however, occupied with a brief
description of the trees, shrubs, and flowers used in
gardens, arranged alphabetically. The information,
so far as we have tested it, appears correct and judi-
eious, and it has the great merit of conciseness and
clearness.

The Orchid Houses.

Wohk in the Houses. — Catasetums, Mormodes,
Cycnoches, Galeandras, and allied plants, as they
make up their growths to the full size, and begin to
show by the fading of the leaf that their resting
season has arrived, should be put away on a shelf or
some part of the house which is unshaded, and where
they may be kept cool (say 50° to 60°) and dry
until they show signs of again starting into growth.
These singular plants are always thought much of
when in bloom, but with many they have the cha-
racter of being bad doers, and consequently are
avoided. No section of Orchids, however, is more
easily grown when once the proper culture is
understood. In order to make the matter intel-
ligible to all, I need only say that they require to be
treated just like deciduous Dendrobes, D. Wardia-
num, &c, and, like them, have a distinct season of
growth, and as marked a period of rest, in some dry,
cool quarter, after the growths are completed.
Coming, as they do, from various latitudes, all the
species do not finish their growths together, but if
put away to rest — say with the resting Dendrobes, it is
easy to remove them there as soon as they are ready.
If left mixed up with the general collection when at
rest, these Catasetums, &c, invariably deteriorate.
All the sunlight it is possible to allow without
iDJury to the plants should be admitted to all the
houses from henceforth, and especially on Cattleyas,
Lselias, Barkerias, and intermediate-house Oncid-
iums, &c. ; but Phalamopsis, all evergreen terrestrial
Orchids, and the Odontoglossums, should be care-
fully shaded when the sun is powerful. J. O'B.

The Flower Garden.

Fuchsias in Bedding Out. — Recent correspon-
dence would lead one to infer that the use of these
in the summer flower garden was of recent origin,
but that is not so, as, for at least 20 years, they have
occupied a large place in the bedding arrangements
at this place, and many others, and have always been
very satisfactory, either used in masses, or singly,

in beds of dwarfer plants ; aud at this season we
have no flowering plants at once so pleasing or
graceful as these, of large beds that are well filled,
and especially if these were with Violas of various
colours ; moreover, the shade afforded by the
Fuchsias is of benefit to the latter. Fuchsias are
grand subjects wherewith to form pyramids in nooks
and corners where there is a background of shrubs,
or a creeper-covered wall, and I know no flowering
plant that is better adapted for planting as single
specimens on the lawn, or beneath the shade
of trees ; many varieties, in fact, need shade,
and about the best proof I can give of this are some
plants at Dropmore that I saw a few days ago —
large specimens, from 5 to S feet high, with heads
proportionally wide, and flowered to perfection.
These plants are growing beneath the shade of
Limes, Oaks, and Firs (of course not contiguous to
the roots), and they are about as fine specimens as
any I have ever seen. I was much impressed by
their beauty, and by their appropriateness in a small
flower-garden, partially shaded, and wholly surrounded
with trees.

Potting-up Plants and Propagation. — The colder
nights show the advisability of potting all
bedding plants struck in the open, and affording
them the shelter of cold frames, &c. Till fresh
roots are made, keep the lights on in all weather
except during warm sunshine. Tender kinds of
plants in dung frames, and which are not yet rooted,
must be covered up at night, but as soon as they are
rooted remove them to the drier atmosphere of
shelves in Melon-pits or Pine-stoves.

Calceolarias, Violas, Tansies, Leucophytons, Gna-
phaliums, and nearly all kinds of succulents, strike
and winter well in cold frames, and it is now high
time that the cuttings were put in. When the
making of cuttings of plants which need protection
in winter is finished, the hardy plants employed for
edgings and the ground-work of beds should be pro-
pagated. I know this is not usual, but the old roots
are split up at planting time in the spring, and this
way sometimes answers fairly well ; but the results
do not bear comparison with those obtained by
employing young plants. The best way is to prepare
a border in the kitchen garden by digging in a fair
amount of leaf-mould, and, after rolling the ground,
to plant small pieces of the desired plants in straight
lines at 3 or 4 inches apart, and a couple of inches
between the cuttings. When planting is finished,
run the roller over the plants, and no more care will
be necessary till frosts have partially heaved the
plants out of the ground, when another rolling will
be needed. The plants we raise in this way are the
dwarf Sedums, Saxifragas, Veronica incana, Anten-
naria tomentosa, and Hermaria glabra.

General Work. — Keep flower beds carefully picked
over, and foliage and the seed-pods removed from
Dahlias, and all tall plants closely tied to the stakes.
Roses also should be kept free of bad flowers ; they
are flowering well again now, and will repay any
little attention that can be afforded.

Gladiolus and Lilies that are to be lifted should be
labelled ere their stems die off, and note should be
taken of any seedling Dahlias that may be worthy
of preservation. Preparation ought now to be made
for the transplanting of shrubs ; after the first heavy
rains we shall make a beginning. It would be folly
to attempt the work while the soil is so dry. as that
would mean a lot of watering. W. Wildsmith, Hcek-
field.

Fruits Under Glass.

Peaches.— Houses in which late fruit is ripening
require a little fire-heat in dull wet weather, and
plenty of air should be kept on when fine. See the
fruit is well exposed to the sun ; keep a good look-out
for mildew, and apply sulphur on its first appearance.
Where the fruit has been gathered from the trees,
remove all the shoots not required for next season's
fruiting, shorten back a little all the strong growing
ones, and do not tie in too closely. I always find the
wood ripens better when allowed to hang about
loosely; a little fire-heat may be necessary in dull
damp weather, to help the ripening. The early
houses should be kept cool as yet.

Tomaios— If planted or potted as advised last
month, these will now be making strong and free
growth, and showing fruit ; train them to a single
stem, giving plenty of air when the weather is fine
and mild, and in dull wet weather a little heat will
be beneficial.

Strawberries should be constantly looked over for

weeds and runners, and the pots being full of roots, a
plentiful supply of water will be necessary. Keep
them a sufficient distance apart, so as to allow
free air.

Melons. — In the houses where the late fruit is ripen-
ing, plenty of air should be kept on when the weather is
favourable, and more or less fire-heat will be required
to get good flavour; not so much moisture will be
required in the atmosphere as was the case earlier in
the season, but, at the same time, the borders should
not be kept too dry. W. Bennett, Eangemore. Gardens,
Burton-on-Trent.

The Hardy Fruit Garden.

The present is a good time to take notes of the
different varieties of fruit trees best suited to the
locality. A visit to a good fruit nuisery at thi3
season of the year is always interesting, and the
newer kinds may be seen growing in quantity, so that
an idea of their merits may be formed. Here we
have no varieties which for regularity in cropping
surpass Grenadier, Ecklinville Seedling, Cox's Po-
mona, Lane's Prince Albert, and Potts' Seedling ;
the latter grows exceptionally fine on cordons. As
the best time for planting will shortly be at hand, no
time should be lost before getting everything into
order for carrying out the work. It is of the greatest
importance in early planting to keep the roots out
of the ground as short a time as possible. The soil
which is to be used in planting and root-pruning,
and the lifting of any of the Peaches, Pears, &c,
should be mixed up in readiness. To follow up the
Williams' Bon Chretien Pears, some of the next
early kinds should be gathered, and placed in a
proper place to ripen. We find Madame Treyve and
Triomphe de Vienne two good varieties for that
purpose.

See that the walls and shelves of the fruit-room
for the reception of the autumn stores are thoroughly
clean and sweet. A good brush down of the walls,
followed with a lime-wash, and the shelves well
scrubbed with clean water, to remove any decay or
mould, is advisable. H. Markham, Mereworth Castle,
Kent.

The Kitchen Garden.

— .

Cabbages. — In general, the brake on which the
spring Onions grew, is that planted with early
Cabbages, and if it has been well manured no more
dressing will be required unless the soil be very
lifht, sandy, or stoney ; in heavy soils it is rather
injurious. That portion which was occupied with
shallots and transplanted springOnions maybesimply
hoed, raked, and planted with Ellam's Early Cabbages,
at about i) inches apart each way. Enfield and larger
growing varieties may be planted at a distance of
T foot each way, and both to be cut out in winter as
Coleworts, so that in spring they would stand respec-
tively at 18 and 24 inches apart. Do not let the plants
get crowded in the seed beds before they are planted
out, or they will make little or no progress for a long
time afterwards, and will be less able to withstand
frost. It is better to prick out the seedlings into
nursery beds for a few weeks, and by this means
secure "a large ball of roots at transplanting time.
Plant them with a trowel. Some plants of Ellam's
and Stuart and Meins No. 1 should be allotted a
warm sheltered spot on a rich border to secure an
early cutting. Continue to plant Coleworts as
ground becomes vacant, and these we plant at 12
inches apart each way. _

Ply the hoe amongst young crops until such time
as the leaves of the plants meet. Where pressure of
other work has prevented the destruction of weeds,
no time should now be lost in getting all the quarters
and walks thoroughly cleansed.

Cardoons.— These plants, to prevent them bolting,
should have soakings of manure-water and clear
water, and a few of the most forward plants should
be tied up to blanch. This is best secured by tying
up the leaves closely together with bast, then some
stout brown paper, in three or four thicknesses, may
be rolled round them, and a covering of straight straw
to the thickness of .'i inches, may be put around this,
and secured by tar ties ; and further, two boards
should be so fastened as to form a ledge, to prevent
the lodgment of water in the hearts of the plants.
Too manv plants should not be tied up at one time,
as they d'o not keep long after they are fit for use.
W. M. Baillie, Luton Hoo.

302

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 14, 1889.

Advertisers are specially requested to note, that,
under no circumstances whatever, can and
particular position in the paper be guaran-
teed for advertisements occupying less space
than an entire column.

SUBSCRIBERS TO
rpHE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

■* who experience any difficulty in obtaining
their Copies regularly, are particularly requested
to communicate with the Publisher (in cases of
delay in the delivery by post, the cover should be
forwarded with complaint).

W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street,
Strand, W.C.

APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.

MEETING.

Sept \" * ^°>'aI Horticultural Society : Fruit
' \ and Floral Committees.

SHOW-
sept. 20— Manchester (two days).

SALES.

! Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms.
Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris'
Rooms.
" \ Greenhouse Plants, &c, at Dyson's
| Nursery, Upper Edmonton, by
( Protheroe &. Morris.

( Heaths, Greenhouse Plants, &c, at

Sept. 17-' the Burnt Ash Lane Nurseries,

( Lee, S.E., by Protheroe &. Morris.

(Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms.
Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris'

o<TiR^m3' *. , „

> Heaths, stove and Greenhouse

Plants, &c, at the Lea Bridge

\ Nurseries, Leyton, E.

Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms.
Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris'

Rooms.
Stove and Greenhouse Plants, at

the Brunsdown Nursery, Enfield

Highway, N.

TUESDAY,

FRIDAY,

MONDAY,

TUESDAY,

THURSDAY, Sept. 19

FRIDAY,
SATURDAY,

.)0 I Established and Imported Orchids,
' { at Protheroe & Morris' Rooms.

i Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms.
21 -' Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris'
f Rooms.

CORRECTED AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR THE ENSU-
ING WEEK, DEDUCED FROM THE OBSERVATIONS
OF FORTY-THREE YEARS, AT CHTSWTCK— 57°.2.

The Apple Congress of 1883,
Apples ^eld a* Chiswick, was in all ways

the most successful and practi-
cally important of the series of similar meetings
held of late years, under the auspices of the
Royal Horticultural Society. It enlisted to a
remarkable degree the sympathies not only of
professional gardeners, but of the public also. This
was shown by the circumstance that the Report
of the Committee, edited by Mr. Barron, was
speedily exhausted, and copies are now not to be
had. The success of this Congress was so great,
that last year it was determined to hold a second
meeting of the kind on somewhat different
lines. In 1883 the object was to get to-
gether as complete a collection as possible,
with a view to settle the nomenclature, and
arrive at some estimate of the worth of the
varieties. Last year selection rather than collec-
tion was the main object, and an endeavour was
made to get together a representative collection
of the sorts best adapted for particular localities
and particular purposes.

As a result, 236 exhibitors in all parts of the
country sent specimens of their produce, no fewer
than 10,150 dishes being exhibited, of which 913
came from Kent, and 903 from Middlesex. The
number of varieties noted as presumably distinct,
amounts to the large total of 1445, the names and
synonyms to 2020, figures which will give some
notion of the labour that devolved upon the
judges and scrutineers.

Details relating to the locality, soil, stocks,
and method of cultivation were supplied, together
with estimates for each county, of the sorts best
suited for market, culinary, and dessert purposes.
An immense mass of material was thus secured,
which has now been published by the Royal
Horticultural Society, under the editorship of
the zealous Secretary, Rev. AN". Wilks, and the
no less energetic Treasurer, with the assistance
of Mr. T.ARRON, the Superintendent. The
statistical details prepared by Mr. Barron
for the earlier report, have been incorporated
in the present one, which thus forms, with-
out doubt, the fullest and most reliable work
on Apples and their culture that has ever been
issued.

In addition to the statistical details, a full
report of the proceedings of the Conference is
included, with papers on Apples for profit by
Mr. G. Bunyard, Mr. W. Paul, and Mr. Cheal.
Mr. Wildsmith descanted on dessert Pears, Mr.
Shirley IIibberd on pruning, Mr. Tonics and
Mr. Douglas on canker, Mr. Fraser on the
injurious insects and fungi ; Mr. Coleman, Mr.
Malcolm Dunn and Mr. Saunders treated of
Apple cultivation in Herefordshire, Scotland,
and Jersey respectively ; while Mr. Baillie,
Mr. Bear, and Mr. Tallerman discussed the
thorny questions relating to marketing, railway
rates, and the land question. All, or most, of
these papers were printed in our columns at the
time, but many will be glad to read them in
a collected form.

The extraordinary pressure on our space at
this season of shows, forbids us at present from
entering into details, for which we refer to the
book itself. It must suffice to say that the
popular vote, as to the degree of merit of particu-
lar varieties, as here recorded, is not fully to be
trusted, inasmuch as several really first-class
varieties occupy a lower rank than that to which
their merits entitle them, because they are
not yet sufficiently known or sufficiently distri-
buted, such as Lane's Prince Albert, Golden
Spire, Grenadier, Bramley's Seedling, and several
others. Of culinary Apples, Lord Suffield heads
the list, obtaining 101 votes out of 130. The most
popular dessert Apples are Cox's Orange and
Blenheim Orange, the latter receives a larger
aggregate of votes (115) in both sections-
culinary and dessert — than any other. On the
whole, the returns are singularly uniform, and
the inference to be drawn is that the varieties of
Apples really worth cultivation may be reduced
to comparatively few.

The committee seems to have been rather too
sparing in the elimination of useless sorts, use-
less in the sense that there are so many superior
that can equally well be cultivated. So far as
culinary Apples are concerned, all those under
three inches in diameter are recommended to
be discarded ; but there are many reasons in
addition to size which would have warranted the
rejection of many more sorts.

Lastly, a descriptive list of all the Apples
that came under notice is given, with their
synonyms, the classification being based on the
purpose for which grown ; the season when fit
for use : first early, early, mid season, or late ;
the size: small, under 2 inches ; medium, from
2 to 3 inches ; and large, above 3 inches in
diameter. The form is noted under the head
of round, oblong, flat, conical, and ovate, terms
which need no explanation. The surface is next
considered, whether angular or smooth ; then
comes the ground colour, green yellow, red,
bronze, or russet, and streaked or flushed.

In this manner an admirable record has been
compiled, one that does credit to all concerned,

and one which will, we trust, prove to the public
how eminently worthy of support is a Society
which is thus shown to be capable of doing such
good work for horticulture and the public.

FERRI eres. — Within a short distance from Paris,
on the Eastern Railway, is this, the estate of Baron
Rothschild, to which reference has frequently been
made in these columns. The large Renanthera,
Vandas of equal merit, and other subjects are
well known examples of the fine culture which
characterises the place. The view now given
(fig. 45), represents the winter garden, as seen
across the flower garden. The house is con-
structed of iron, and its length is about. 95 feet
with a width of 32 feet. The interior is a charming
piece of decoration, there being large beds, over the
surface of which a carpet of Selaginella is growing,
and large Palms and Tree Ferns are gracefully
grouped at the corners. Until last year there was a
rockery in the centre of this house, but it has been
removed, and a bed of Areca sapida occupies its site.
Sabal Blackburniana, Latania borbonica, and a few
Tree Ferns, with a grand piece of Cibotium regale,
are among the most conspicuous specimen plants in
this house. The verandahs at each end of the house
are clothed with Virginian creepers, and the beds in
the flower garden contain a bright show of Pelargo-
niums, Coleus, Maize plants, &c, mixed together,
the carpet-bedding having been discarded.

National Chrysanthemum Society. — A
meeting of the committee took place at Anderton's-
Hotel, Fleet Street, on Monday evening last. Mr.
R. Dean in the chair. The minutes of the last
meeting having been read, the Hon. Sec, Mr. W.
Holmes, stated that the Catalogue sub-committee had
decided to issue a Supplementary Catalogue of 8 or 9'
pages, bringing the lists up to date, and that copies
would probably be ready on Wednesday. The price
of the Supplement would be 3d. In reference to the
Centenary celebration in 1890, the Centenary Com-
mittee |had got through a certain amount of pre-
liminary work, and they were now in communication
with the authorities of the Royal Aquarium* The-
sub-committee would be prepared with a definite
report at a future meeting. The Hon. Sec. also-
set forth the arrangements of the Conference at
the September show. Communications had been'
received from the Auckland and New Zealand Horti-
cultural Societies, enquiring on what terms affiliation
with the National Chrysanthemum Society could be
made ; facts which Mr. Holmes instanced as evi-
dencing the work of the Society was watched with
interest at the antipodes. The Hon. Sec. reported
that the Penzance, Crediton, and Dalston and Hag-
gerston Chrysanthemum Societies had been ad-
mitted to affiliation. Twenty-nine new members
were elected.

The Vegetable Conference at Chiswick,

September 24, 25, and 26, progresses in a promising
manner, and, as might be expected, many interesting
questions have arisen to demand consideration by
the executive committee. Amongst these is one
that is perhaps of primary importance. Intending
exhibitors in a few instances desire to present col-
lections, and to keep these intact as such. The
committee have determined that the printed schedule
must be strictly followed ; for, in the first place, this
is not a competitive affair — there is, in fact, no
ostensible competition— and the work of the com-
mittees of selection cannot be efficiently performed
unless the subjects submitted are grouped in classes,
as required by the schedule. And this is a simple
matter enough, and the schedule is as definite as can
be desired. For the important work of selection
six committees of the most experienced cultivators
have been arranged, each of these six committees
comprising men familiar with the subjects they are
appointed to operate upon, both as to nomenclature
and the selection of typical examples. A large com-
mittee of referees will supplement the labours of the
working committees, these being held in readiness-

September 14, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

303

to settle doubtful points, and to advise generally as
the working committees may desire. The placing of
all exhibits in the classes appointed for them is not
only necessary to enable the committees to act, but
to render practicable in the way intended in the
primary idea of the Conference— the final awards of
certificates. For these will be awarded to the sub-
jects, and will notify recognition of purity of types,
as well as good cultivation, the genuineness' of the
several "types" and "strains" being a matter of
the first importance. At the dinner on the evening
of the 24th, at which Mr. Harry Veitch will
preside, we shall hope to see a great force of horti-
cultural talent, as it is to be in a special sense a
" gardeners' dinner." Intending diners would do
well to secure tickets early by application direct to
Mr. A. F. Barron at Chiswick.

held by any suitable surface. So that when ripe and
easily detached from the plant, the fruit by means
of these hairs might sometimes be caught by the fur
or feathers of a passing animal or bird, and be con-
veyed to a considerable distance, and the conclusion
can hardly be avoided that this is at least one of the
means by which these grasses have been so widely
dispersed.

The Umbrella Pine— Sciadopitys.— Ques-
tions have recently been asked as to the size to which
this curious Japanese Pine has attained in this
country. At Penny Hill Park, near Bagshot, as we are
kindly informed by Mr. Park, the gardener, the tree
is over 19 feet in height, with a diameter at 3 feet from
the ground, of 15 feet, and a circumference of 46 feet.
There can be few, if any, finer than this specimen .

grow without being stopped, the largest heads being-
produced on branches 3 feet long. If treated in the
same way as answers for other Ixoras, i.e., frequently
stopping the growths with a view to obtaining a
compact shrub, no flowers will be developed. The
leaves are 10 inches long, and dark green. No
flowering stove plant surpasses this when grown as
at Kew where, in the Victoria-house it is annually
very attractive.

Plumeria BICOLOR.— The Plumerias belong to
that class of plants, which in gardens, grow freely,
but do not flower well. Large specimens have been
specially treated with a view to make them flower as
they are known to do in their native haunts, but they
have stubbornly refused to respond. Nothing could be
finer than a large example of P. rubra, the Frangi«-

FlG. 45. THE WINTER GARDEN AT EERR1ERES. (SEE P. 302.

The Dispersal of the Fruit of Pharus.

— Plants that are at all widely distributed by
other means than man's agency, writes Mr. N.
E. Brown, are frequently found to have some
evident structural peculiarity, that would more
or less tend to aid or bring about a wide dis-
persal of the plant. One of the several arrangements
that plants possess, to aid in their dispersal, consists
in the development of hooked spines on hairs or
barbed bristles. Under this class must be placed
Pharus, a genus of Grasses containing five species,
two of which are widely dispersed in tropical
America, and the other three may perhaps be but
local forms of them. The fruit or caryopsis of this
genus is, together with the pale, enclosed in the
flowering glume, which is somewhat hardened, and
is partly or wholly covered with very short, minutely
hooked hairs, which readily become entangled and

In unfavourable localities the growth is extremely
slow. We had a small plant, knocked out of a pot
in the first instance, for some fifteen years, during
which time it did not grown as many inches, though
apparently healthy. Possibly the roots were pot-
bound when planted. The specimen possessed some
little historic interest, which led us to take great
interest in it, until a Vandal of a painter destroyed
it by placing his ladder upon it.

IXORA MACROTHYRSA.— This fine Ixora was in-
troduced from the South Sea Islands in 1878, and dis-
tributed under the name of I. Duffii. It is by far the
handsomest of the many garden Ixoras, the terminal
heads of vivid crimson flowers, measuring 9 inches
across, and they are as compact as those of a Snow-
ball tree (Viburnum opulus). To flower this species
it is necessary that the branches should be allowed to

pani or Jasmine Mango of Brazil, with its large-
heads of rosy-red fragrant flowers ; or, the Goolachin
of Indian gardens, P. acutifolia, which has flowers of
a soft pink outside, white within. This species is-
planted over graves in India, its flowers falling and
strewing the graves with fragrant petals. P. bicolor
has its flowers in large terminal heads, and each
flower is 3 inches across, creamy white, with a deep
yellow eye, and fragrant. The Kew plant is 3 feet
high, and stands in the Succulent-house (No. 5).

CROCOSMA AUREA AND ITS VARIETIES.—
The typical C. aurea is in flower in any gardens
at this time of year. It is a useful hardy plant,
and when happily situated, it makes a fine display
of colour in autumn. But in the variety imperialism
for which our gardens are indebted to Mr. Max
Leicutlin, we hav« a much finer form. The stems-

304

THE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

[September 14, 1889.

are 3 feet or more high, and the flowers are
fully 3 inches across, with broad segments, and a
deep orange, almost scarlet colour. Some of the
plants of this variety show a slight tendency to
the spotting which is so conspicuous in that recently
described by Mr. Baker as var. maculata. The flowers
are as large as those of the variety imperialis, and
the three inner segments of the corolla have each a
broad band of purple a little distance from the base.
These plants, with the Montbretias and the numerous
progeny of the two so-called genera, are certain to
become almost as popular as Daffodils when they
become better known.

ALLAMANDA VIOLACEA. — All the Allamandas,
except this one, have yellow flowers. Gardner who
discovered A. violacea in the province of Ceara,
Brazil, and afterwards described and figured it in
Fielding's Sertum, called it the most beautiful of all
Allamandas, and described the colour of the flowers
as " violaceous." A. violacea is distinct and attrac-
tive, but it is not as beautiful as the yellow-flowered
kinds. It is now in flower at Kew. The habit of the
plant is as in A. cathartica, but the leaves are in
verticils of four, and they are covered on both sides
with scabrid hairs. The flowers are in terminal
clusters, and they are as large as those of A. cathar-
tica. The lower, narrowed portion of the tube is

1 inch long, and green ; the inflated part is 1} inch
long, and j inch wide at the mouth ; the five spread-
ing corolla lobes form a limb nearly 3 inches across.
The colour is somewhat difficult to name, " crushed
strawberry," some call it, others call it salmony-
purple. The corolla is of good fleshy substance ;
calyx tive-lobed, three of the lobes seven-eighth by
three-eighth inch, the other two much smaller. This
species was in cultivation in 1861, as is shown by a
note in the Gardeners' Chronicle for that year, from a
Mr. Wentworth Boller, of Exeter, who had it in
flower. But it appears to have disappeared long ago
from English collections. The Kew plants were pro-
cured from the Natal Botanic Gardens, whither they
had, no doubt, been sent from England years ago. A
picture of A. violacea will be published in the Bota-
nical Magazine.

Chrysanthemum Golden Fleece, alias
Mrs. Hawkins.— On Tuesday, 10th inst., the arbi-
trators appointed in the action of Hawkins &
Bennett v. Ware met to hear the evidence. The
question was with reference to the new Chrysan-
themum " Mrs. Hawkin9." The arbitratois were
Messrs. Wm. Paul, Steele, and Ker, of Liverpool.
On the conclusion of the evidence, the arbitrators
took time to consider their award. We defer our
report of the case until the award has been
published.

ANOMATHECA GRANDIFLORA— This fine Irid is
proving itself a first-class hardy bulbous plant, as it
has thriven out-of-doors at Kew two years, and has
grown and flowered freely. It is now in fine con-
dition in the border devoted to Cape bulbs, its large
rich crimson flowers being most attractive. As the
bulbs develops runners and offsets at least as freely
as the Tritonias and Montbretias do, the plant will
soon become common enough. When grown in pots,
it was not nearly so handsome as it is in the open
ground. The figure of it in the Botanical Magazine
gives only a poor idea of its beauty. The species
was introduced from Delagoa Bay to Kew in 1885. It
has the habit of a Crocosma, a branching spike

2 feet high, and flowers 2 inches across.

CYPHOMANDRA FRAGRANS — Of the two species
of Cyphomandra cultivated at Kew, that here named
is much the handsomer as a flowering plant, although
it lacks the attractiveness and usefulness of the fruit
which characterise the Tree Tomato, C. betacea.
Indeed, C. fragrans very rarely fruits under cultiva-
tion. Its main stem is erect, whilst the branches
are horizontal, and clothed with smooth green leaves.
The flowers are very abundant, and they hang grace-
fully in pendent racemes from the leaf-axils. Thev

are at first a rich deep blue colour, but after a few
days they change to a soft yellow. They remain
fresh on the plant a long time, the specimens in the
temperate-house having been inbloomall the summer.
The shape of the flower is that of a deep urn-like
cup, nearly 1 inch deep and wide. Another name
for this species is Pionandra fragrans.

ROYAL SALEP.— In the last-issued number of
the Annals of Botany, Dr. Aitchison has an interest-
ing paper on the source of "Badsha" or Royal
Salep, a substance largely used as food in some
parts of Afghanistan. Dr. Aitchison has now been
able to identify this substance with the bulbs of a
species of Onion (Allium Macleanii, But. Mag.
t. 670"). One remarkable characteristic of this
species, which it shares with a few others from the
same district, is that the bulb does not consist of a
number of tunics wrapping one round another, but
of a central solid mass of Potato-like consistency, sur-
rounded externally by a few thin scales, and itself
investing the central axis or growing point.
Another characteristic is a negative one, that is,
the pungent smell of Onions is scarcely present in
these bulbs. The bulbs are full of granular and muci-
laginous matter, to which, no doubt, their value as
food is due. Like other Onions they contain, it is
to be presumed, no starch.

The Paris Exhibition.— At the competition

on August 5, M. de la Devansaye obtained the 1st
prize for Anthurium album maximum as a new
seedling raised bv the exhibitor. The same gentle-
man obtained a like award for Vriesia platynema, a
new Bromeliaceous plant purchased from the col-
lection of the late Professor E. Morren, and shown
for the first time in flower.

MEDINILLA AMABILIS— This plant, described by
Mr. Di'er in the Gardeners' Chronicle (see illustra-
tion April 29, 1882, p. 561), is very similar to
the grand old M. magnifica, differing chiefly in
having erect instead of pendulous racemes. It is
very useful for large stoves, and is a really noble
plant when grown to a large size. The stronger the
shoots the larger are the flower-heads, which are
terminal, and not, as in M. magnifica, sometimes
produced directly from the old wood. The plant at
Kew is 4 feet high, and has very large bright green
foliage, whilst the flower-heads are nearly a foot
through, and are composed of numerous rosy-pink
flowers. The species was introduced in 1874 from
India, and is figured in the Botanical Magazine, t.
6381. M. erythrophylla has also flowered in the
Palm-house ; it has erect woody branches, ovate,
dark green leaves, and numerous rosy-red flowers,
which are developed from the leafless parts of the
branches, and are very ornamental. It appears to
be the same as what is cultivated as M. Teysmannii.

HONG-KONG.— Mr. Ford, Director of the Botanic
Gardens, Hong-Kong, writes to the Royal Gardens,
Kew, under date May 31, 188!), announcing that
" Hong-Kong has just had a terrible visitation, in the
way of an electric and rain-storm, which lasted about
thirty-six hours. Of rain we had 24 inches in
twenty-four hours. A part of our gardens, the
Glenealy Ravine, which is very precipitous, has been
almost obliterated with landslips, and the bursting
of an underground culvert; 10.000 dols. will
scarcely repair the damages. The damage to public
property is estimated at about 150,000 dols."

SOLANUM WENDLANDI.— The enormous genus
Solanum is represented in gardens by at least two
valuable esculents — the Potato and Egg-plant, and
also by a considerable number of useful decorative
plants, in which foliage, or fruit, or flowers, are the
chief attraction. S. Wendlandi belongs to the
handsome-flowered section. It is a succulent, scan-
dent shrub, with spiny stems and leaves, the latter
lobed or pinnate, and it bears terminal cymes of
large blue flowers. Strong branches produce cymes
a foot across, and as each of the many flowers is
over 2 inches across, saucer-shaped, with yellow
anthers, the effect produced by a strong plant is
really fine. It requires moist stove treatment, plenty
of sunshine, and immunity from the knife. It goes
to rest in winter. A fine example of it has been in

flower for some time in the Water Lily-house. The
species was introduced from Costa Rica by Mr.
Wexdland, and flowered for the first time at Kew
in 1882. It is figured in the Botanical Magazine, t„
6914.

GEORGE B. TILLYARD.

It is with regret that we have to record the
death of Mr. Tillyard, late of Brocklesby Park
Gardens, who died on the 6th inst., after &
lengthened and trying illness. He did not keep
his bed at all, as the disease was of such a nature
that he could not rest in one position for any length
of time. For the last twenty-five years Mr. Tillyard
was gardener to the Earl of Yarborough, whose
respect he enjoyed, as well as that of the late Earl.
He was well known to gardeners throughout
the kingdom, and in the early part of his career
he served the late Duke of Buckingham at Stowe,
the late Lord Eversley, and, previously to his
coming to Brocklesby, he served the late Sir John
Kelk, Bt., at Bentley Priory, Middlesex. Who in
the gardening world has not heard of the famous
pyramid flower-beds at that place during the time
Mr. Tillyard was at the Priory ? At Brocklesby his-
hand did not lose its cunning, for the pyrami'ds there-
were equally beautiful. Mr. Tillyard was not only
successful in the flower garden, but he was an-
excellent kitchen gardener, and cultivator of fruit of
all kinds.

Mr. Tillyard was born at Hendoh, Middlesex, in.
1819. The funeral took place at Brocklesby oa
Monday, September 0, many friends showing by
their presence their respect for the deceased.

[Our illustration, see p. 305, was taken some years-
ago, and was considered by those who knew him to
be a good likeness of Mr. Tillyard. Ed].

Home Correspondence.

— ■

w ' Correspondents will greatly oblige by sending earltf
intelligence of local events likely to be of interest to
our readers, or of any matters which it is desirable to
bring under the notice of horticulturists.
Photographs or drawings of gardens, or of remarkabl*
plants, flowers, trees, cfc, arc also solicited.

BIRDS AND FRUITS. — Under this heading, in a.
recent issue, there are a few notes signed " Bird's
Friend," and which I cannot let pass without com-
ment, for the reason that I think it wrong to attri-
tf»te to certain birds the possession of habits and'
ways to which they have no claim whatever. But
this, I am sorry to say, of late has become more or
less frequent ; irresponsible persons giving as facts,
and as though from actual observation, many more
than doubtful details of bird-life, and which are, to-
say the least, most misleading. It would be just as
true to call a Dahlia a climbing plant. It is so-
easy, by keen careful observation with a binocular
glass, as well as by good eyesight, not only tc-
observe the doings of the animal and bird world
about us, but also to impart to others most useful
information, which cannot be done in a perfunctory
way. Thus it is that the naturalist so frequently
has thrust before him errors which should be ap-
parent even to the uninitiated, and of which he is
painfully conscious. The article on " Birds and
Fruits " is an example of this, and were it not put
forth with pretentions of setting others right on the
subject, I should pass it over in silence ; but I feel'
I should not be doing my duty to either men or birds
if I did. The writer states broadly that birds are
in general more plentiful this season than usual,
particularly starlings, swallows, thrushes and chaf-
finches, and goes on to say that there has " never been,
less inclination to molest" fruit crops and seeds." This,
at first sight, looks well, but why should these birds-
mentioned touch the fruit crops and seeds ? Only-
two— the starling and the thrush— ever take fruit,
and neither of these — the starling especially — if the
weather is damp and insects rife. I had a num-
ber of these birds nesting about my premises for
many years, and they never took any of my fruit,
but they did me an infmense amount of good by eating
the grubs of several kinds of insects— especially on the
grass-land. Thrushes are never plentiful, as their mode

Septembeb 14, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

305

-of life prevents it, for the reason that one pair will not
allow of the presence of another within a certain
radius— I only wish they would. Now, as to the
swallows — they are purely insectivorous, so their not
touching the fruit is nothing unusual ; nor do the
sparrow and chaffinch devour it. So this statement
is purelv imaginary; but after' saying they do not
touch the seeds— and only two of thera do, as a rule,
.at most times— I might almost say at any — I allude
to the depredating sparrow and chaffinch — the writer
proceeds to say they keep nets, wire protectors, and
•other means to keep them from the seeds. What
need of them, if they do not eat the seeds, as he
states ? But two of them do so, though he implies
they do not. But before I go further, I will notice
what the writer speaks of as " the tangible reason "
why they have not touched the fruits, viz., "the
.-heals of aphis and slugs." Now, the starling and
■thrush do not eat aphis, the swallow only when the
insect is on the wing, and the sparrow and chaffinch
only when feeding their young. Yet the broad
statement is given with an air ot apparent truthlul-
ness the reality of which certainly is lacking.
Now, as to the slug, especially the white slug — not
one of these birds will eat it. 1 have had my garden
full of slugs, and yet starlings in number, some
thrushes, blackbirds, sparrows, chaffinches, robins,
&c, were fed there. Why will people continue
to write on subjects, and put forth such statements
without full and proper study of that about which
they pretend to instruct. It is vexations. It does
the cause of the birds no good, if that is the idea,
but absolute harm ; for when the naturalist, who
knows by experience and otherwise, the true state of
things, recommends such and such birds as both
useful, charming, ornamental, and in every way
desirable, then he is disbelieved, because there has
been so much stated that has been proved contin-
ually by trial to be simply said for the sake of talking,
writing, or the yet more simple notion that it is
amiable to praise all bird life. But let me say, at the
same time, there are very few birds that do not well
deserve the kindest attention at the hands of man,
still not for the reasons that are too often given as
to their especial food. No one is more fond of birds
than I am, and having such love for them, I feel
annoyed when I see them misrepresented, as they
certainly have been, by the writer "Bird's Friend."
Now, as to the slug. Ducks eat them with avidity,
and fatten quickly. There is no better bird in the
garden than a small duck. Curlews, gulls, and some
other wild birds are useful, but I prefer ducks for
many reasons. Now, as to the cats. Here again
" I feel quite at home." They are useful in a gar-
den in many ways, more especially to kill maraud-
ing mice and rats; but they do much injury to
bird life of the lesser kinds, robins, wrens, hedge-
sparrows, white-throats, and other soft-billed, very
useful birds being easily taken by them. While black-
birds will not unfrequently drive these guardians out
of the place, though after much battling and re-
sistance. So will jays, starlings, and thrushes. Also
cats kept only for garden purposes, seek out, find,
and destroy the nests of the small birds and eat their
eggs. But, if the cats are fed and let out only at night,
they do an enormous amount of good in killing the
vermin that prowl about after dark. I have had a
bevy of cats at one time, both in the house, cow-
houses, poultry-houses, and about the premises, and
thereby have proved, many a long year, their useful-
ness. The only drawback with them has been their
killing the small and useful birds, and the destruc-
tion of nests. I do not write the foregoing with any
captious feeling, but for the reason that it is time
that far-fetched sentimentality was put aside, and
facts, instead of fancies, regarding the true useful-
ness of birds were written. Then the public would
rely on and know the exact value of each and every
bird without fallacies which are now so plentiful, and
to the feathered tribes highly prejudicial. Harrison
Weir, F.R.H.S., Iddcdeujh, Scvenoaks, Aug. 31, 1889.

A NEW CURE FOR RHEUMATISM.— An itinerant

medicine vendor, who had stationed himself within

the grounds of the recent Sandy flower show, was

offering for sale a Mandrake embrocation, which he

asserts is an instant cure for many of the ills flesh

is heir to, and especially rheumatism, cramps, gout,

&c. On his table, laden witli bottles of drugs, was

a large root of white colour, resembling a huge,

many-branched Beet, which he represented to be

, that of the common Mandrake (Mandragora offici-

, narum), but probably one of the Deadly Nightshade

(AtroDa belladonna), the root of which is known to

grow to a great size, when established in an old bank

| or suitable place. The novelty offered by the medi-

cine man greatly attracted the attention of the
country people, and he appeared to be doing a good
business. S. I). [The root was probably that of
Bryony, a dangerous poison. Ed.]

THE VEGETABLE CONFERENCE. — "Vegetables
are everywhere grand this year," is the burden of
the report of those whose business it is to visit flower
shows in the provinces. I have had some oppor-
tunities of seeing the same thing, and I believe
testimony is universally to the effect that we have
never had a better season for vegetables than the
present one. That fact speciallyjustifies the holding,
this year, of the proposed Vegetable Conference, for
it would have been a misfortune to have held such
a gathering during a year when the desired pro-
ducts were in bad condition. It has been suggested
that seedhouses specially interested in vegetables
should issue appeals to their customers to send re-
presentative products- of their various districts to
the Conference. Without doubt, some such effort
might be productive of considerable good. Whilst, no
doubt, every seed firm will evince some desire to see
its specialties in force at the Conference, so far as
the time of the year will allow, and the samples of
the very best form ; yet a higher aim might be found

in a desire to see the special district over which each
firm might be said to specially operate, thoroughly
well represented. It is stated that Messrs. Vilmorin,
of Paris, propose to send over a large representation
of French vegetables. If that be so, how much the
more should our home seedsmen be stimulated to
secure representatives of all the vegetables of their
respective districts, that the British growers may
cut a good figure by the side of the French growers.
As to how far the trade element may be intro-
duced into the Conference, I have no special
knowledge, but certainly it is the desire that no
large miscellaneous trade collections be shown, but
that every exhibit must be found in its proper
section and class. No matter by whom shown,
were miscellaneous trade collections admitted,
no space would be left for the ordinary classes ; still
further, the educational results in relation to vege-
tables, looked for from the Conference, would be
valueless. It will be one of the special features of
the Conference as a vegetable exhibition, that almost
for the first time, perhaps, we shall see no mixed
collections, but every kind of vegetable will be
found under its proper heading, with ample
opportunity given for comparison with others, and
the selection of the best samples and types for
honourable mention. It is to be desired that we
may see some examples of vegetable culture from
Ireland and Scotland, in addition to English and

Welsh products. Certainly these countries at the
time of year should be fully able to emulate southern
glowers in the matter of vegetable representation.
Those sending products, especially over long dis-
tances, can hardly take too much pains with the
packing, and each head, bulb, or root of any kind,
as also dishes of smaller products, would travel
all the better for being wrapped in newspaper. As
ti the ultimate disposal of what may prove to be
rather a large bulk of vegetable produce after the
Conference is over, whilst some may wish to remove
specially good samples of roots and bulbs for seed
purposes, yet much will probably be useless to the
exhibitors ; could not some arrangement be made by
which all this surplus could go to the London hos-
pitals, where, doubtless, it would find welcome
acceptance. Intending exhibitors may perhaps think
the matter over prior to the time of holding the
Conference. A. D.

DENDROBIUM FORMOSUM GIGANTEUM — We
have a small plant of this. It was imported three
years ago, and this year it has made two growths,
and on one there are fifteen flowers, and on the other
thirteen, the highest number last year being twelve.
I should like to know if this is an unprecedented
number of flowers to be found on a single growth ?
S. N. [Four or five, usually. Ed.]

HAM GREEN FAVOURITE TOMATO.— We have
in the above Tomato one of the best varieties that
has ever been sent out. I have enclosed you two
bunches of fruit. I find it one of the heaviest
weighing for its size, and best shape we have. We
have some plants loaded with fruit, which are a
remarkable sight. A sample of the fruit I have
enclosed for your inspection. F. P. [Excellent in
every way. Ed.]

YUCCA GLORIOSA VARIEGATA. — We have here a
fine plant of the above, planted out in the conserva-
tory, now in full bloom. The plant stands 10 feet
high and the flower-spike bears flowers of a creamy-
white, and is nearly 3 feet long. W. Duthie, Stainclijffe
Hall, Hartlepool.

UNPRUNED ROSES. — That some Roses answer to
grow entirely unpruned for purposes of garden deco-
ration is exemplified by the plant of Rove d'Or, from
which the enclosed are cut. The truss has now four
blooms fully open ; one has fallen, and there are
seven more "ready to open. There is another truss
on the plant, carrying twenty-five unopened buds,
and there are any number of smaller trusses in and
coming into flower. The plant was brought with
me here from Norfolk in the autumn of 1884, and is
budded on an 18-inch dog Brier. It now measures
20 feet from tip to tip one way, and about 10 feet
the other, and is 8 feet high, growing vigorously on
every side; but its extension is considerable checked
by neighbouring trees and shrubs. Anyone desiring
to see it may do so by calling at my house for.the
purpose. J. F,. Ewing, Sea View, Haeant.

Scotland.

DALKEITH SHOW.

The annual show of the Dalkeith Horticultural
Society was held in the Corn Exchange. Dalkeith,
on the 7th inst. The Society is a flourishing one,
and the show, in point of quality, was quite equal to
the average of the past twenty years, but there was
a falling off in the gardeners' entries, which gave
the hall a thinner appearance than usual. Vege-
tables were especially good.

In the gardeners' section, the competition for the
collection, which was very keen, lay between Mr. T.
Fringle, Westrield Cottage, who was placed 1st ; and
Mr. Smith, Oxenford Castle, who was an excellent
L'nd. . . .

A strong feature of the show was made by the
entries, seven in number, for an " open to all" prize
—a sewing-machine— for eighteen distinct species of
cut flowers, in bunches, quality and taste in arrange-
ment to be the basis of judgment. The first position
was awarded to Mr. Smith, and the 2nd to Mr.
McKinnon, Melville Castle, both being very fine
stands, and distancing all others very much. Asters,
quilled especially, were very fine ; African Marigolds
were also remarkably large, clean, and well grown.

In the amateurs' classes were some notable ex-
amples of excellent plant culture, as, for instance, in
the splendid specimens of Aloysia citriodora, two of

306

THE GABDENEES' CHBONICLE.

[September 14, 1889.

-which were respectively nearly 4 feet in diameter, by
about 2£ feet in height, the other about 3 feet in
diameter, by about 2 feet in height, both models of
what such a plant should be, neither having stakes
or support of any kind, but were standing on their
own stems, and had been pinched into the close sym-
metrical habit each had assumed. The principal
prize-taker in the gardeners' section, besides the two
named above, was Mr. Bowman, gardener to Lady
Deas, Lasswade. Among amateurs the honours were
pretty equally taken by Messrs. Dodds, Dalkeith ;
Williamson, Eskbank ; Allan, Oxenford ; Duquid,
■Oxenford ; and Brown, Cowden Grange.

EXPANDING PLANT-COLLAR.

This is an appliance which consists of a hoop of
metal, which is inserted inside the pot, so as to
allow of surface feeding. The illustration (fig. 47)
explains itself fully, see our article on p. 310, by
Mr. Doughty " On Growing Early Chrysanthemums."
Some such contrivances as Mr. Beale's have long
been in use in gardens where Pine-apples, fruit
trees, &c, are grown in smallish pots. The makers
are Messrs. R. Beale & Co., New Southgate,
London, N.

Societies.

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL.

September 5.— A meeting of the Floral Committee
was held in the gardens, at Chiswick, when Messrs.
W. Marshall, .Shirley Hibberd, F. Ross, and Lewis
•Castle were present. The collections of Heliotropes,
Ageratums, Pelargoniums, Asters, and Dahlias were
inspected, and awards were made for the following:—
Asters. — These constituted a fine display, a large
•space of ground being occupied with them, the trials
of strains and varieties being numerous and tho-
joughly representative. Certificates were awarded
for Hedgehog, Imbricated Pompon, Half Dwarf Pom-
pon, Victoria, New Liliput, Victoria Needle, Cocar-
•deau or Crown, Dwarf Pyramidal, large flowered
Dwarf Queen, and Improved Rose. Awards of Merit
were granted for Dwarf Chrysanthemum, Dwarf
•Queen Victoria, Dwarf Bouquet, and New Victoria
(Barr), most of those named being grown from seed
■supplied by Messrs. Putz and Dippe respectively.

African Marigolds.— Certificates were awarded for
•the following : —

Prince of Orange. — A compact growing variety, 2
•feet high, large, well formed, richly coloured flowers.
Lemon Queen. — Similar height to the above, very
■even, flowers good shape, soft clear lemon tint.

Dwarf Orange.— About 20 inches high, and would
probably be less in an open situation ; good habit,
dowers, and colour.

Dwarf Golden. — Compact, free, and useful variety.
French Marigolds. — Electric Light. — Dwarf, free,
■and good, flowers pale lemon.

Dobbie's French Selected.— Tall, flowers yellow
with a few stripes, excellent shape, awarded a certi-
ficate for its floral quality.

Dahlias. — A large number of Dahlias came under
notice, and certificates were awarded for the under-
mentioned : —

Single— Florrie Fisher (Ware). Chilwell Beauty
{Ware), Miss L. Pryor (Ware), Kate (Ware). Para-
gon (Turner), Amos Perry (Turner), Mr. Kennett
{Turner), Fashion (Chealj, Victory (Cheal), Mag-
pie (Cheal), and Mrs. Kennett (Cheal). Awards of
merit were made to Duchess of Westminster (Ware),
Miss Gordon (Turner), Guardsman (Turner), Hugo
(Cheal), Negro (Cheal), and Edith (Cheal).

A certificate was also awarded to Empress of
India (Turner), a crimson Cactus Dahlia ; and
awards of merit to Professor Baldwin (Ware), a
scarlet Cactus Dahlia; and North Light (Turner),
a brilliant scarlet pompon.

Heliotropes.— First-class certificates were adjudged
for the following: —

Capus (Lemoine). — A remarkable variety with
deen purple flowers, large truss, and good habit.

Fleur d'Ete (Lemoine). — Light colour, large
flowers and truss, dwarf compact habit; free, and
useful.

Victor Durny (Lemoine). — A tall, strong-growing
variety, having an enormous truss of purplish
flowers. Effective and useful for training against a
wall.

Zonal Pelargoniums. — Souvenir de Mirande
(Lemoine), — Single, white centre, cerise edge, finely
formed flower and truss, very distinct.

Opal (Pearson). — Single, dark salmon, darker
centre, fine bold flower, good habit, free.

Charbon Ardent (Lemoine). — Double, brilliant
orange scarlet, a dazzling and distinct shade.

Seedling 137 (Lemoine). — Single, very large truss,
of a peculiar rosy tint.

Semis (Lemoine). — Purplish-crimson, rich colour,
large semi-globular truss, one of the Nosegay type
(award of merit).

Scabious.— Half Dwarf Blood Red (Vilmorin). —
An excellent strain, of an intensely light yet rich
crimson colour. Fine compact habit.

A capital strain of Zinnias (Putz) was also com-
mended.

NATIONAL DAHLIA.

Cbvstal Palace, Sept. 6 and 7. — It was a large
thoroughly representative, and on the whole, very
good show. Dahlias are much affected by the inci-
dence of the weather, and while some flowers are
seen in their best character, others are inclined to
roughness, and lack symmetry. On the whole, the
Society had much reason for gratification.

Centenary Prizes. — In commemoration of the cen-
tenary of the introduction of the Dahlia to this
country, prizes were offered for a collection of Dahlia
blooms to occupy a length of staging not exceeding
24 feet, no restriction as to varieties or types, nor as
to the method of grouping ; quality and general effect
to be the leading feature. Five of the leading firms
who make a specialty of Dahlias competed, and the
1st prize was awarded to Messrs. J. Cheal & Sons,
Lowfield Nurseries, Crawley, who had a raised
centre as a background of four tiers of bunches of
single Dahlias, set up in their usual admirable style,
flanked on either side by three tiers of bunches of
Pompon Dahlias, and in the foreground stands of
cut blooms of show and fancy Dahlias. Not only
was the contribution well set up, but the quality of
the blooms was high throughout.

Messrs. Paul & Son, Old Nurseries. Cheshunt, who
had a similar arrangement, but which lacked a little
of the high quality and skilful disposal of the flowers
seen in the winning collection, should, we think,
have been 2nd ; but the fiat of the judges went to
Mr. T. S. Ware, Hale Farm Nurseries. Tottenham,
who had piled up mimic mountains of Cactus and
other Dahlias, the valleys formed of single Dahlias
and bunches of various types, including some of the
species. Neither the method of staging nor the
general effect was commendable. Messrs. Keynes,
Williams & Co., Nurserymen. Salisbury, with a some-
what ordinary arrangement in bunches ; while Mr.
Mr. Charles Turner, Royal Nursery, Slough, went in
for something like a floral device, having a high
boarded background, covered with green calico, on
which was worked, in different coloured letters in
varied types of Dahlias, " Dahlia Centenary. C.
Turner, Slough " (he ought to have known better);
and on the table bunches of Dahlias in water,
with plants of various sections in pots.

Mixed Show Dahlias. — In classes 1 to 6, show and
fancy Dahlias were shown intermixed. In the
leading class, for seventy-two blooms, not fewer than
thirty-six varieties, or more than two blooms of any
one, Mr. C. Turner was a good 1st, staging fine
blooms of Eclipse, Charles Wyatt (self), Diadem,
Maud Fellowes, a charming new light variety ; Prince
Bismarck, Colonist, Robina, Mrs. Gladstone, probably
the one variety most shown on this occasion ; George
Rawlings, J. N. Keynes, Nellie Cramond, James
Stephen, R. T. Rawlings, a very good clear yellow
self; Imperial. Henry Eckford (fancy), Bendigo,
Hope, Geo. Rawlings, Mrs. G. R. Jeffard, Prince of
Denmark, Matthew Campbell, a new fancy, bright
buff or apricot, striped with crimson — a very useful
addition to this class; Ruby Gem, Sunbeam, Harry
Keith, Ethel Britton, Crimson King, Grand Sultan
(F.), Mrs. John Laing, Mrs. Forster, Harry Turner,
James Bennett, Glow-worm, a striking bright orange-
scarlet self — likely to prove verv useful ; Rev. J. B. M.
Camm (F.), Joseph Green, Mrs. Shirley Hibberd,
Mrs. J. Downie, Seraph, Sailor Prince (F.), a new
variety, lilac, striped and splashed with rosy-purple ;
Rev. J. Godday, Clara, Sunrise, Florence, and
Burgundy.

The 1st prize in the class for forty-eight distinct
varieties may be looked upon as the blue ribbon of

the competition, and this was won by Messrs. Keynes,
Williams & Co.. with a very fine lot of blooms, in-
cluding Harry Keith, James O'Brien (F.), Crimson
King, Mrs. Glasscock (F.), Miss Cannell, Professor
Fawcett (F.), R. T. Rawlings, Duchess of Albany
(F.), Lord Chelmsford, Mrs. Theobald. James Cocker,
Mrs. P. Wyndham, Mrs. Spofforth, Thomas Hobbs'
Maud Fellowes, Buttercup, Glow-worm, Kin" of
Purples, Frank Pearce (F.), Imperial, , General
Gordon (F.), Colonist, Mrs. E. Mawley, Hugh Austin
(F.), William Riwlings, Mrs. Langtry, Prince Henry
(F.), Harrison Weir, Djrothy, Richard D.aan, Shirley
Hibberd, Diadem, Herbert Turner, Peacock (F.),
Mrs. Shirley Hibberd, Nellie Cramond, &c. 2nd,
Mr. C. Turner, whose leading flowers were Grand
Sultan (F.), T. S. Ware, Charles Wyatt (F), John
Bennett, George Rawlings, Maud Fellows, Florence,
Clara, Prince of Denmark, Glow-worm, James Vick,
Mrs. G. R. Jeffard, Fanny Short (F.), Henrv Eck-
ford (F), R. F. Rawlings, Charles Wyatt (self), Mrs.
Shirley Hibberd, Rebecca (F.), &c.

In the class for thirty-six varieties, Mr. John
Walker, nurseryman, Thame, was 1st, with a superb
lot of blooms, having Mrs. Gladstone, Shirley Hib-
berd, William Rowlings, Ethel Britton, Alexander
Cramond, Mrs. W. Slack, John Wyatt, George Raw-
lings, Antagonist, Willie Garratt, Harry Turner,
John Bennett, Harry Keith, Harrison Weir, Jamet
Cocker, Flora Wyatt (F.), Mrs. F. Foreman, Earl ot
Ravensworth, Purple I'rince, Seraph, Mrs. S.
Hibberd, Clara, James Stephen, Hope, and John
Wyatt.

The best twenty-four varieties came from Mr. G.
Humphries, a risingexhibitor, who had Purple Prince,
Ethel Britton, Thomas Hobbs, Henry Eckford (F.),
Mrs. G. Rawlings, Major Clark, Henry Walton,
James Stephen, Mrs. W. Haskins, Crimson King,
Mrs. Gladstone, Willie Eckford (F.), Mrs. Saunders,
Dorothv, Mrs. Harris, William Rawlings. R. J. Raw-
lings, Harry Keith, Duchess of Albany (F.), Harriett
Tetterell, and Gaiety (self).

With twelve blooms, Messrs. J. Cheal & Sons
were 1st.

The next class for twenty-four blooms, show and
fancy, mixed, was open only to amateurs, and here
Mr. J. T. West, gr. to W. Keith. Esq., Cornwalls,
Brentwood, was 1st, with R?v. J. Godday, Mrs. Glad-
stone, Harry Keith, R. F. Rawlings, William Raw-
lings, Miss Cannell, Prince Bismarck, J. T. West,
John Henshaw, Mrs. D. Saunders, James Stephen,
Dorothy. King of Purples, Mrs. George Rawlings,
Willie Garratt, Frank Peace (F.), Ethel Britton,
James Cocker, Rev. J. B. M. Camm (F.), Shirley
Hibberd, Mrs. S. Hibberd, Prince of Denmark, Mrs.
Langtry, and J. W. Lord.

Show Dahlias Only, Amateurs. — In the class for
twelve blooms, Mr. A. Ocock, Havering Park, Rom-
ford, was 1st, with George Rawlings, Maud Fellowes,
Harry Keith, Rev. J. B. M. Camm (self), R. T.
Rawlings, Prince of Denmark, Sunbeam, Rev. J.
Goddard, Shirley Hibberd, Mrs. Gladstone, William
Rawlings, and Ethel Britton.

In the class for six blooms, Mr. H. Heeremans,
jr., Langley Burrell, Chippenham, was 1st, with
Colonist, Rosetta, Mr. Gladstone, Hope, Mrs. W.
Slack, and Burgundy.

Fancy Dahlias, Amateurs. — In the class for twelve
blooms, Mr. Henry Glasscock was 1st, with Duchess
of Albany, Peacock, Viceroy, Rebecca, Mrs. Saun-
ders, Mrs. J. Downie, orange, striped with scarlet—
a very promising variety ; Fanny Sturt, Henry Eck-
ford, Matthew Campbell, Frank Pearce, Edmund
Boston, and Pollie Sheffield.

In the class for six blooms, Mr. A. Ocock was 1st, .
with the Rev. J. B. M. Camm. Peacock, Mrs. Siun-
ders, Frank Pearce, Mrs. N. Halls, and Henry
Eckford.

Show and Fancy Dahlias in Colours (Open). — With
six blooms of anv two dark Dahlias, three of each,
Mr. John Walker was 1st, with James Cocker and
George Rawlings.

With six light Dahlias, Mr. J. T. West was 1st,
with Mrs. Gladstone and Queen of the Belgians,
both very fine ; 2nd, Messrs. Keynes & Co., with
Mrs. Gladstone and Gengiacea.

With six blooms of tipped Dahlias, Messrs. Keynes
& Co., were 1st, with Mrs. Saunders and Peacock —
an excellent contrast.

With six blooms of striped Dahlias, Messrs.
Keynes & Co. were 1st, with Mrs. J. Downie and
Rebecca. All the flowers in the last two classes
were fancy varieties.

Decorative and Cactus Dahlias. — Collections of
twelve varieties, six blooms of each, in bunches,
made a fine display ; Messrs. Keynes & Co. were 1st,
with the following, in admirable condition:— Lady '

September 14, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS" CHRONICLE.

307

[arsham, William Darvill, Asia, Amphion, Empress
f India, Professor Baldwin, Panthea, Mrs. Hawkins,
[onoria, Henry Patrick, Juarezii, and Prince of
k'ales. .

Six varieties.— Mr. J. T. West was 1st, with Mar-
hioness of Bate and Centenary Year, new varieties
f his own raising; Amphion, Empress of India,
'anthea, and Beauty of Brentwood.

Pompon Dahlias were a very striking feature. In
he open classes for twenty-four and twelve varie-
ies, the awards were as follows : Twenty-four—
1st, Mr. Charles Turner, with Fairy Tales, Admira-
tion, Cleopatra, Isabel, Oberon, Juno, Leila, liosa-
'ine, Mabel, Whisper, Darkness, Eccentric, Hamlet,
fa. F. Jungker, Little Duchess, Lady Blanche,
Mikado, Vivid, Ariel, Lavinia.

In the class for twelve bunches, Messrs. J. Gilbert
K Son were 1st, with Gem, Gazelle, Darkness, Lady
Blanche, Isabel.'Golden Gem, Griiss an Wien, E. F.
ljungker, Grace, Guiding Star, Leila, and Rosalie.
• In the class for six bunches there were nine com-
petitors, Mr. J. T. West being placed 1st. with Gem,
/Isabel, Favourite, Eurydice, Dolly Keith, and
iiosalie.

; Single Dahlias. — Messrs. J. Cheal & Sons were 1st,
•vith a superb stand of twenty-four varieties, set up
in admirable manner, the varieties being Mr. Ken-
/iett, Albert Victor, White Queen, Amos Perry,
lames Scobie, Queen of Singles, Mrs. J. Cormick,
Washington Irving, Excelsior, Miss Ramsbottom,
Victoria, W. C. Harvey, Cetewayo, Hugo, Ida,
Formosa, Miss Henshaw, Mr. Rose, Sunningdale
Yellow, Lady Montefiore, Enchantment, New Year,
Duchess of Westminster, and Duchess of Albany, a
delightful and distinct variety.

In the class of twelve varieties, Mr. M. V. Seale
was 1st, with very good blooms of Mr. Kennett, and
the same as an orange-crimson self ; De B. Craw-
shay, Huntsman, Miss Henshaw, Miss Linnaker,
Duchess of Westminster, Victoria, Alfonso, Mrs. J.
Cormick, Amos Perry, and Brutu6.

The class for six bunches of single Dahlias was
confined to amateurs, and here Mr. T. W. Girdle-
stone was 1st with Gruppo, Marie Linden. Yellow
Perfection, Cyclops, Sunningdale White, and Leila.

Seedling Dahlias. — First-class Certificates of
Merit were awarded to the following show varieties
from Messrs. Keynes & Co. : Majestic, a pale ground
flower of great promise, the basal petals suffused with
pale pink, and slightly tipped with purple, more
heavily upon the centre petals, something in the way
of Maud Pellowes, but much darker; Crimson Globe,
a medium-s.ized bright crimson flower of the finest
form, perfect petal, and high centre, a telling ex-
hibition variety ; Duke of Fife, bright crimson, with
slight shading upon the petal edge, a large full
flower with somewhat reflexed petals ; and Alice
Emily, delicate buff yellow, but of a brighter and
purer yellow on the petal edge, fine petal and out-
line, and appearing as if it would be very constant.
Messrs. Keynes & Co., also had Baronet, pale
cerise 6carlet ; Admiral, shaded pale scarlet ; John
Hickling, clear deep yellow, fine petal and outline;
Bullion, bright yellow, somewhat reflexed ; Edith
(fancy), yellow ground, striped with crimson and
maroon ; Sunset (fancy), yellow, striped and flushed
•with crimson ; Dandy, yellow ground, heavily flaked
and striped with crimson-maroon ; Buffalo Bill,
amber, striped with deep crimson ; Tip Topper,
bright purple, heavily striped and flaked with
maroon ; and Comte de St. Sairxs, bright deep lilac,
striped and flaked with maroon.

A First-class Certificate was awarded to decorative
Dahlia Mrs. Douglas, a bright pinkish-salmon type
of Juarezii, quite distinct in colour, from Messrs.
H. Cannell & Sons. Other new varieties were
Centenary Year, a large and bright-looking flower in
the way of Juarezii ; and Marchioness of Bute, pale
ground, edged and suffused with pinkish-purple, both
from Mr. J. T. West.

A First-class Certificate was awarded to pompon
Dahlia Cleopatra, the centre purplish-crimson, with
a pale lilac-purple base, from Mr. C. Turner, who
also had Mikado, white, tipped and edged with
crimson-maroon, very pretty ; Rosaline, white and
yellow variegated ; Juno, white.very delicately tipped
with purple in the centre ; and Oberon, pale-purple,
heavily tipped with purple-lake. The following
single Dahlias from Mr. T. W. Girdlestone received
First-class Certificates also ; — Lady Helen, white,
tipped and margined with white; Gruppo, bright
cerise, dashed with orange, and slight shading of
purple ; and Yellow Perfection, clear bright yellow,
a model single Dahlia in respect of size and form.

The Conference, in celebration of the centenary of
•the Dahlia, took place in one of the dining-rooms,

at 3 p.m., Mr. Shirley Hibberd presiding, there being
a good attendance of those interested in the flower.
After a brief opening address by Mr. Hibberd, the
chair was taken by Mr. T. W. Girdlestone, and an
address of great historical interest was given by Mr.
Shirley Hibberd on the history of the Dahlia, illus-
trated by means of diagrams and coloured drawings.
Then followed a paper by Mr. Harry Turner, on the
show Dahlia; one by Mr. J. T. West, on the culti-
vation of the show Dahlia —both, of course, in-
cluding the fancy section ; and lastly, cne by Mr.
Joseph Cheal, on pompon, single, and decorative
Dahlias. Mr. Turner's paper is reprinted on
p. 296. Mr. Henry Cannell and others took part in
the discussion which followed, and the proceedings
closed, with a vote of thanks to the readers of the
papers. If the proceedings of the Conference could
be issued by the National Dahlia Society in a
cheap pamphlet form, it would, no doubt, prove very
acceptable.

The Fruit Show.

The exhibition of fruits, which was held
in conjunction with the National Dahlia show,
was remarkable on account of the general good
quality of the exhibits. Grapes were grand through-
out, and they were, moreover, numerous.

The Collections. — In the leading class for a collee-

FlG. -17.— EIPiSBISii PLANT-COLLAR. (SEE P. 306.)

tion of not less than twenty dishes of fruit, there
was a fine lot of produce, and competition was keen.
Mr. H. W. Ward, Longford Castle Gardens, Salis-
bury, won the 1st prize with a very handsome lot.
The bunches of Gros Maroc and Foster's Seedling
Grapes were of high quality, and the dishes of Bruns-
wick Fig, Goshawk Peach, Melons, Queen and
Smooth Cayenne Pines, were also of first quality.
Other dishes included Morello Cherries, Pine-apple
Nectarine, Worcester Pearmain Apple, Mulberries,
Moor Park Apricots, Currants, Gooseberries, and
Green Gages. Mr. J. H. Goodacre, Elvaston Castle
Gardens, Derby, was a very close 2nd, with Grapes
Madresfield Court, Foster's Seedling, Alnwick
Seedling, and Muscats of equal merit to the
Grapes in Mr. Ward's collection. Pines were
the same, and among the best of the remainder
were Turkey Fig, Barrington and Belgrade
Peaches, Morello Cherries, Astrachan Apple, Kirke's
Plum, and others ; a dish of Garibaldi Strawberry
was also to be seen here. 3rd, came Mr. J.
Mclndoe, Hutton Hall Gardens, Guisborough, who
excelled in his Grapes, showing Gros Maroc and
Gros Colmar, in well-finished bunches ; and among
the other dishes were Citrons, Oranges, Tacsonia
fruits, &c, besides Peaches, Nectarines, and Plums.

The leader in the competition for the smaller
collection of twelve dishes was Mr. R Parker, gr. to
J. Corbett, Esq., M.P., Impney, Droitwich, who
showed well, Alicante and Muscat of Alexandria
Grapes, Blenheim Orange Melon, Kirke's Plum, and
Royal George Peach. Closely following wa§ Mr. A.
Miller, gr. to W. H. Long, Esq.. Trowbridge, Wilts,
who was best in his smooth Cayenne Pine. Pine-
apple Nectarine, two varieties of Melon, Williams'
Pears, and Brunswick Figs. Mr. T. Coomber, gr. to
J. A. Rolls, Esq., The Hendre, Monmouth, who was
3rd, contributed well finished bunches of Gros Maroc
Grapes, Charlotte Rothschild Pine, and Kirke's
Plum.

Mr. J. Dawes, gr. to M. Biddulph, Esq., Ledbury,
was leading in the small collection (eight dishes),

but the display here was not very remarkable. Mr.
Dawes chief dishes being good examples of Golden
Perfection Melon, Muscat Grapes, and richly coloured
Doyenne Boussoch Pears.

Grapes formed the leading feature of the show. In
the competition for the best collection of ten varie-
ties, two bunches of each, much interest was centered,
and the competitors ran each othpr verv closely. Mr.
J. H. Goodacre, was placed 1st out of six, having
eight black varieties in the lot. The whole of the
bunches were of good form, and well-finished—
Alicante, Muscat of Alexandria, and Black Ham-
burgh,^ being the best represented, Alnwick Seed-
ling, Gros Maroc, Lady Downes' and Foster's Seed-
ling were also of fine quality. The best collection
of five varieties was that of Mr. H. Taylor, gr. to J.
Chaffin, Esq., Bath, who had a fairly easy victory
with first-rate quality fruits, all showing an excellent
finish, Alicante, Alnwick Seedling, and Muscats,
being most noticeable.

In the several classes for three bunches of a par-
ticular variety, there was a number of very fine
bunches, and as many as ten competitors entered the
lists for the any white grape not otherwise specified.
Mr. W. Allan, gr. to Lord Suffield, Gunton Park.
Norwich, leading with Foster's Seedling in first-rate
condition, and richly coloured. Mr. W. Taylor, was
to the fore with Alicantes, and again with Muscats,
with well-finished bunches ; and Mr. J. Bury,
Tewkesbury Lodge, Forest Hill, won the honours
for Black Hamburgh in a good competition, showing
large berried, even, and well-finished bunches. Mr.
J. Hollingworth showed the finest Gros Maroc ; and
Mr. J. Gibson, Draycott Gardens, Chippenham, won
the leading place for Madresfield Court ; while Mr.
A. G. Hookings, Hurst Side, East Moulsey, led for
the unspecified black varieties, the exhibits in all
cases being highly creditable.

Peaches ami Nectarines. — In the classes for Peachps
and Nectarines there was a good display, and Mr. W.
H. Divers, Ketton Hall Gardens, Stamford, who
showed in all classes, won 1st in four instances, being
beaten for a single dish of Peaches by Mr. Duncan,
gr. to C. T. Lucas, Esq., Warnham Court, Horsham,
who had Barrington in large and well- coloured
examples. Mr. Divers' successes were for four dishes
Peaches, four dishes Nectarines, and one dish of
Pine-apple Nectarines.

In the other classes there were Peaches Prince of
Wales, Princess of Wales, Crimson Galande; and of
Nectarines, Victoria, Pine-apple, and Spencer. Mr.
J. Mclndoe, gr. to Sir J. W. Pease, Bt., Guisborough,
was 2nd for the four Peaches and four Nectarines,
having Golden Eagle, and Stirling Castle of the
former ; and of Nectarines, Pitmaston Orange and
Humboldt.

In the class for six dishes of Peaches and six of
Nectarines, Mr. Divers was the only exhibitor, and
was deservedly awarded 1st ; he showed as before.

I'arioiis. — Melons were extensively shown, there
being twenty-four green-fleshed and twenty scarlet-
fleshed fruits, the chief prizes for which were
respectively awarded to Mr. G. S. Wright, gr. to C.
L. Campbell, Esq., Glewston Court, Ross, Hereford ;
and Mr. J. Rodbourne, Coombe House, Croydon.

Plums wpre numerous, and of good quality, and
the leading prizes were awarded as follows : — For
four varieties, red, Mr. H. W. Ward, Ponds, and
Magnum bonum, being the two best. Four varieties
yellow and green. Mr. T. N. Penfold, gr. to the Rev.
Canon Bridges, Beddington, with Magnum bonum,
Greengage, Jefferson, and Washington, There were
twelve lots. Mr. Goodacre, with capital Kirke's
Goliath and Prince Engleheart, won 1st for purple
fruits. Mr. Wallis, gr. to R. Sneyd, Esq., Keele
Hall, Newcastle (Staff.), won 1st for figs, showing
white Ischia. and for a collection of six varieties of
Tomatos. Mr. C. J. Goldsmith, Beckenham, was
placed 1st with a really grand lot of fruits in a very
good and close competition ; Hackwood Park Prolific,
Stamfordian, and Perfection, were fine examples.

Messrs. Sutton & Sons, Reading, offered prizes for
their Tomatos, and Mr. C. J. Waite, Glenhurst
Gardens, Esher, won 1st with capital fruits of Per-
fection ; and the Standard Manufacturing Co.,
offered two of their implements for the most suc-
cessful exhibitor in several of the classes taken
together, Mr. Divers winning both.

Apples and Pears were of no special merit, Mr. A.
Waterman, Preston Hall, Aylesford, Kent, had the
best Apples in the collection of twelve kinds, and also
for three dishes, having good. clean examples of Graven-
stein. Cellini, Grenadier, Eclinville, Stirling Castle,
Duchess of Oldenburg, Worcester Pearmain, &c.
Mr. J. Butler, Sittingbourne, had the best collection
of ten and also of three dishes of Pears, in which

308

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 14, 1889.

•were Doyenne Boussach, Dunmore, William's, Louise
Bonne, and Beurre d'Amanlis.

Cut Flowers and Plants. —la the amateurs' classes,
the 1st place for Gladioli was won by the Rev.
H. H. D'Ombrain, Westwell Vicarage, Ashford, Kent,
who had eighteen very creditable spikes. Mr. G. S.
Walters, Calne, Wilts, sent the best twelve ; and the
finest lot of Hollyhocks were from Mr. W. H.
Apthorpe, Cambridge.

In the open section, prizes were offered for a collec-
tion of not more than 100 spikes of Gladioli, Messrs.
J. B. Burrell & Co., Cambridge, taking 1st for a very
good lot, well flowered, without anv competition.

Mr. G. S. Walters and Mr. W. J. Jones, Sutton,
were respectively 1st for Quilled French Asters ; and
Messrs. Webb & Brand led for Hollyhocks.

For a collection of cut stove and greenhouse
■flowers, Mr. J. Frewett, Swiss Nursery, Hammer-
smith, led with a few good Orchids and Crinums.

Messrs. J. Laing & Sons, Forest Hill, had a good
•group of early flowering varieties of Chrysanthemum
indicum, with C. Wermig and Madame Desgranges
in eood form.

Non-competing Exhibits. — These comprised some
high-class fruits, but they were not very numerous.
From the gardens of A. Dixon, Esq., Cherkley Court,
Leatherhead, there were a few tropical fruits, which
■included the Citron, Horned Orange, Grenadilla,
Indian Water Lemon (Passiflora laurifolia), and
Monstera delieiosa. A large and representative lot of
well-grown Apples and Pears (about 170 dishes) was
•eent by Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, in which
the most popular varieties were well displayed ; Gre-
nadier, Stone's, Feasgood's Nonsuch, Queen, Lord
Suffield, and Stirling Castle Apples were noticed;
and of Pears, Williams', Louise Bonne, Clapp's
Favourite, and Madame Treyve. About one hundred
dishes of Apples were shown by Messrs. J. Cheal &
Sons, Lovvfield Nurseries, Crawley, Sussex. Well-
grown fruits of Lord Grosvenor, Queen, Duchess of
Oldenburg, Hawthornden, Keswick, Lady Sudeley,
Bussian Transparent, and others, were noticed.

From Messrs. Peed & Son, Streatham, was a
■collection of well-grown Grapes of Gros Maroc and of
Trebbiano; also Plums and Apples in popular
varieties. Cut blooms of Dahlias and miscellaneous
herbaceous flowers were also shown. Messrs. G.
Bunyard & Co., Maidstone, besides showing some
grand Apples, had cut blooms of Roses, Dahlias,
African Marigolds, Hydrangeas, Asters. Gladioli, &c,
making a good display. Messrs. Paul & Son,Cheshunt,
had a collection of hardy herbaceous flowers ; and Mr.
E. F. Such, Maidenhead, sent Phloxes, Gaillardias,
pyrethrums. Sweet Peas, Centaureas, Se. Messrs.
J. Laing & Sons a good group of Tuberous
Begonias ; and Messrs. Cannell & Sons, Swanley,
Kent, also had a group of the same; and Lilium
auratum vars. were contributed by Mr. W. Gordon,
Twickenham.

THE ROYAL CALEDONIAN HORTI-
CULTURAL.

The autumn show of this Society was held in the
Waverley Market, Edinburgh, on the 11th and 12th
•inst. As has already been announced, a Plum
■Congress was held in connection with the or-
dinary show, the objects of which were to test
varieties of Plums most suitable to the climate
•of Scotland, and to settle the correct nomenclature.
Although late in moving in the matter, the commit-
tee are to be congratulated on having brought
together a thoroughly representative collection
of Plums from all parts of Scotland, with not a few
samples from England and Ireland, which will help
to clear away confusion in respect of names. The
jurors, Messrs. Barron, Chiswick ; Webster, Gordon
Castle; and Fairgreive, Dunkeld, will not finish
their labours till the 12th, on which date, also, the
Conference is to be held ; therefore details must be
held over till next week.

The show in nearly every section exceeds in
extent any previous autumn one of the Society. The
entries total about 2000, which is about 700 in
excess of the largest previous total. Some idea of
the increase of entries may be gathered from the
fact that 2.380 extra feet of tables were required to
accommodate the extra samples.

The access of southern exhibitors was great, and
their exhibits were new and charming features of
the show. Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, Chelsea,
occupied along table, with the most perfect examples
of Nepenthes in variety that has ever been exhibited
in Scotland. Notable among the numerous species
and hybrids was their splendid N. Dicksonii x , which

to the horticulturists and the uninitiated alike, was
the cynosure of the collection. Their collection
of specimens of hardy ornamental trees and shrubs
was also a most interesting and instructive feature,
and their collection of Apples and Pears on the
same table was the most remarkable in a very
notable show.

Messrs. Birkenhead, of Sale, exhibited one of the
most varied and interesting collections of Ferns
ever seen at an Elinburgh show. Their table was
the most attractive to many ; the endless variety
and graceful forms, combined with the superior
examples of culture, as in the case of Rhipidopteris
peltata and other species, rarely seen at flower
shows or anywhere else well done, excited general
admiration.

From the Royal Botanic Gardens, Elinburgh, a
fine collection of similar interest to the two fore-
going was exhibited, many species of Sarracenia,
Nepenthes. Droseras, and stove and greenhouse
aquatics, &c, were shown in excellent character and
cultural condition.

Many others exhibited collections which were
worthy of notice. Messrs. Dicksons & Co., Waterloo
place, Edinburgh, occupied a large table with a
central group of miscellaneous stove and greenhouse
plants, margined with a numerous collection of
Apples, Pears, and Plums, of their own growth, in-
terspersed with boxes of their Carnations. Pico
tees, Phloxes, and other florists' flowers. Messrs.
Methven & Sons, Princes Street, Edinburgh,
exhibited a well-arranged table rich in stove
and greenhouse plants — Liliuins, Pancratiums, and
Orchids, in variety, giving a flowery aspect to
the graceful foliage of Palms, Ferns, &c. Messrs.
Munro & Ferguson, St. Andrews Street, put up a
handsome table of Miliums, conspicuous among the
latter being L. lancil'olium corymbiflorum ; autumn-
flowering Chrysanthemums, herbaceous plants, in
good style. Messrs. Lamont & Sons, Hope Street,
Edinburgh, were well represented in some of their
specialties, such as single and pompon Dahlias,
Chrysanthemums, and other florists' flowers. D. &
W. Croll, Dundee, had a remarkable exhibit of
Marechal Niel Rose and Teas generally, from the
open air, the numerous bunches of flowers, and the
large size of the individual buds and blooms, being
subject of general comment as coming from such a
quarter.

Mr. Deverill, of Banbury, had an interesting ex-
hibit of Onions, among which Ailsa Craig, Anglo-
Spanish, the latter an improved Rousham Park,
having greater depth of bulb, while the circumference
was 18} inches. Improved Roxton, of which
splendid bulbs were exhibited, appeared a very
superior keeping sort.

Mr. John Forbes, Hawick, put up a very attractive
lot of Hollyhocks, Dahlias, Antirrhinums, and other
florists' flowers. Mr. Campbell, High Blantyre. had
an excellent collection of Dahlias, blooms of Holly-
hocks, Carnations, a.nd Picotees. Among the Car-
nations were many blooms of Mrs. Muir, a new seed-
ling, pure white, along with which was a plant of the
same, showing its habit of growth. The plant is
compact, grassy, and free blooming. The flowers
are medium sized, very neat in style, of good sub-
stance, and pure in colour.

Messrs. Laing & Sons, Forest Hill, London, had
an interesting collection of Chrysanthemums, in-
cluding their, new var. Grace Attick, a most distinct
form of the early flowering section, along with
double and single-flowered Begonias of rare excel-
lence. Mr. John Downie occupied a large table
with a very choice collection of tuberous Begonias,
which formed one of the gayest features of the hall.

The fruit, however, formed one of the chief points
of excellence of the show. Grapes in particular
were abundant and very superior. The Scotch
growers had it all their own way, though some of
those that distinguished themselves at the Crystal
Palace show last week entered the lists with them
found no place.

In the collection of six bunches, 1st honours were
taken easily by Mr. George Mackinnon, Melville
Castle, with superb Black Alicante, Muscat of
Alexandria, Golden Hamburgh, Gros Maroc. and
Black Hamburgh. Mr. Boyd, Callander House,
Falkirk, was placed 2ud, with very tine bunches or
Muscat Hamburgh, Black Alicante. Madresfield
Court, and Black Hamburgh ; Mr. Murray, Park-
hall, being a very good 3rd, with heavy but hardly
finished bunches.

In the next class of Grapes — four bunches — Mr.
Boyd took the 1st position easily with grand samples
of Muscat Hamburgh and Black Hamburgh ; Mr.
Murray, Parkhall, being 2nd ; and Mr. T. Stratton,

Lumsden, Aberdeen, a new candidate for honours at
these shows, was very worthily placed 3rd.

In the class of two bunches, Muscats, Mr
Mcllattie, Newbattle Abbey, distanced all com-
petitors by many points, the superior finish of his
bunches being much commented upon.

In the smaller classes of Grapes, the piincipal
prize-takers were Messrs. S. Paterson, Langholm-
J. Morrison. Archerfield ; Jas. Buchanan, Ashburn'
Gourock; McConnochie, Cameron House; Colling'
Walker, Barn, Caldwell, Langholm ; Boyd, Cal-
lander House; Murray, Parkhall; McKinnon, and
others.

In collections of twelve dishes of fruit, Mr. George
McKinnon stood conspicuously 1st with a faultless
lot, comprising Grapes — Black Alicante. Muscat
Alexandria, Golden Hamburgh, Gros Maroc, Black
Hamburgh ; Pear Pitmaston Duchess ; Plum Jeffer-
son ; Nectarine Pitmaston Orange; Appie Queen;
an excellent Melon ; a dish of Figs ; and superior
Peaches. Mr. Mclndoe, Hutton Hall, was placed
2nd ; and Mrs. McKelvie, Broxmouth, 3rd.

The collection of eight dishes brought several
excellent lots. The 1st position was taken by Mr
Murray, Culz-an Castle; Mr. Morrison, Archerfield.
and Mr. Mclntyre, the Glen, being placed second,
and third respectively.

Hardy fruit was well represented in quantity, and
above the average in quality, especially in Apples
and Plums. Collections of twelve dishes brought
the well-known names of Fairgreive, Dunkeld'
Dow, Newbyth; and Brown, Abercairney to the
front as winners, in the order named.

Orchard house fruit, for which the schedule
provided a prize for collections of twelve dishes,
was not numerous, Messrs. Mclndoe and McKinnon
running each other very hard for first position, which
fell to the former. In Pine-apples the show was
fuller than ordinary, though quality could not be
said to range higher than the average. Mr. Muir,
Margam Park, tabled the best Queen ; Mr. Boyd, the
second best ; Mr. Mclntyre, the Glen, Innerleithen,
and Mr. Mclndoe were placed in the same relative
positions, with Smooth Cayenne ; and in the class
of two Pine-apples of any sort, Mr. Mclntyre had'
no competitor.

Plants. — In this section, perhaps, the chief feature,
among competitive lots, was the tables arranged
for effect by gardeners. They were 20 feet by 5 feet,
and brought three competitors forward, viz., R. C.
Eraser, Garelochhead ; R. Grossart, Oswald House,
Elinburgh ; and J. Mclntyre, Darlington ; who were
placed by the judges in the order named. The tables
showed a marked improvement in each case in respect
of taste in arrangement, and the plants in each were
excellent as regards culture.

Two other tables of plants demand special notice,
viz., those of Messrs. R. B. Laird & Sons, and Ire-
land & Thomson, which were the only competitive
ones from nurserymen. They were40 feet by 10 feet,
and so closely do these two firms run each other at
these shows that it was with difficulty the judges
arrived at a decision on this occasion. Laird &
Sons were eventually, however, placed 1st. The
last-named firm also took 1st honours in twelve
Chrysanthemums, which were fine samples of their
kind ; Munro & Ferguson being an excellent 2ad.

Ireland & Thomson were placed 1st for a collec-
tion of Conifers in pots or tubs ; Messrs. James
Dickson & Son being 2nd. Both collections were
comprehensive, and well grown. .

In twelve table plants, Laird & Sons were placed
1st ; and A. F. Anderson, Moncreiff Nursery, Perth,
2nd. In the gardeners' classes, the familiar names
Paterson, Fowler, Bald, Grossart, Mclntyre (of Dar-
lington), and Mclntyre (of Inverleithen), Curror,
Dalkeith, were conspicuous among the winners.

Cat Flowers. — These were numerous and fine, i.,
the gardeners' classes, the best twelve Gladioli came
from Mr. Brydon, Tweedbank, Inverleithen ; the
best five spikes Hollyhocks, from Mr. Brown, Aber-
cairney, Perthshire ; the best twelve blooms Holly-
hocks, from Mr. Mclntyre, The Glen; the best
twelve show Dahlias, from Mr. J. Pearson, Beech-
wood ; the best twelve fancy Dahlias, from Mr.
Muir, Mearns ; the bast twelve trusses single Dahlias,
from Mr. Pearson ; the best twenty-four Rises, from
Mr. Parlane, Helensburgh ; the best twelve trusses
stove and greenhouse plants, from Mr. Fraser,
Garelochhead ; and the best twelve Chrysanthemum
blooms, from Mr. Kushton, Corstorphine.

In the nurserymen's classes, Mr. Campbell,
Gourock, took 1st pr-ize for thirty Gladioli; Mr.
Robertson, Helensburgh, being a good 2ad.

In eleven spikes Hollyhocks, Mr. Forbes, Hawick,

September 14, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

309

was placed 1st, with very superior samples ; Kerr, of
Roxburgh, being the only other competitor, took the
2nd prize, with also good spikes.

In eighteen trusses, single Dahlias, Messrs. Laird
& Sons, were to the front ; Mr. J. Lamont being a
worthy 2nd ; Messrs. Cocker & Sons, Aberdeen, dis-
tanced all opponents in twenty-four show Dahlias,
his lot being very superior. The same firm was also
1st in thirty-six Roses, distinct, and also in eighteen
Roses though in both these classes they were closely
contested by fine lots from Hugh Dickson, Belfast,
and Smith '& Son, Stranraer.

Vcqctables — These were in greater force, and if
possible, of higher excellence than they were ever
seen here before. The Veitch Memorial prize, and
the prize of Messrs. Sutton & Sons, Reading, for
collections, brought out competitors from far and
near, south and north. The Veitch Memorial was
won by Mr.T. Fender, Crieff; Mr. Cairns, Jedburgh,
being 2nd; and Mr. Muir, Margam, third. The first
in the competition for Messrs. Sutton's prize was
Mr. Bigham, Edgerston ; 2nd, D. McBean, John-
stone ; 3rd, J. Harkness, Berwick.

Among extraordinary exhibits, a fruit and leaf of
Podophyllum peltatum, and fine sprays of Hop in
fruit, from Dr. Paterson, Bridge of Allan, were
objects of interest to all — the former because all
but unknown, and the latter because rarely brought
to perfection in the open air in Scotland.

BATH FLORAL FETE.

Sept. 4 and 5. — This was held, as usual, under
the auspices of the committee of the Bath Floral
Fete, and proved one of the best ever held. The
tents were well filled, and the vegetables, enough to
till two other tents, had to be staged in the open air.
Plants, Fuchsias. — Fuchsias always lead the way
in the schedule of prizes, and, as usual, some very
fine plants were staged. The best nine came from
Mr. G. Tucker, gr. to Major W. P. Clark, Trowbridge,
who had, of dark varieties, Doel's Favourite, Thomas
King, Bountiful, Charming, dark varieties ; Miss
Lucy Finnis, double white corolla ; Lye's Favourite,
Harriett Lye, Marginata, and C. Rickman, light
varieties.

Mr. A. Hawkins, gr. to T. Jolly, Esq., Bath, had
the best six plants, staging Final, Charming, Mrs.
Rundell, Arab, Beautv of Wilts, and Lye's Favourite.
The Rev. C. C. La'yard (Mr. J. Wister, gr.), had
the best four specimens. The best light Fuchsia
was Arabella, from Mr. G. Tucker ; and Mr. Tucker
also had the best dark in Doel's Favourite.

Plants. — The best twelve foliage and six flowering
plants shown, in a group, came from Mr. James
Cypher, nurseryman, Cheltenham, who put up a very
fine lot, consisting of Bougainvillea glabra, Statice
profusa, Ericas Eweriana and Austiniana, Clero-
dendron Balfourianum, and a huge Phoenocoma ;
and of foliaged plants Crotons Disraeli, angusti-
folius, Sunset, and Queen Victoria, Cordyline indi-
visa, Latania borbonica, Cycas circinalia, Kentias
Canterburyana. Fosteriana, Balmoreana, Phoenix
rupicola and Dasylirion acrotrichum, a very impos-
ing group.

Mr. Currey had the beat eight ornamental-foliaged
plants.

The best specimen foliaged plant was Latania
borbonica, from Mr. W. C. Drummond, Bath.

The best six stove and greenhouse plants in bloom
came from Mr. Taylor, gr. to C. W. Mackillop, Esq.,
Bath, who staged fine fresh examples of Erica
Eweriana, Dipladenia amabilis, Ixora Westii, Alla-
manda Hendersoni, Bougainvillea' glabra, and Lapa-
geria rosea.

The best specimen stove plant was a very large
and finely-bloomed specimen of AUamanda Hender-
soni, from Mr. Mackillop.

The best specimen greenhouse plant was Statice
profusa, from Mr. J. Cypher.

There were two collections of Orchids, though it
is getting late for them. Mr. G. Pymm, gr. to Mr.
Gouldsmith, Trowbridge, was 1st, with Cattleya
Harrisoniana violacea, C. Leopoldi, Vanda suavis,
Zygopetalum Mackayii, Lrelia Leeana, and Oncidium
flexuosum.

The best Heaths came from Mr. Cypher. The
best new plant was Ornithogalum thyrsiflorum, from
Mr. J. F. Mould.

** The twelve best exotic Ferns came from Mr. G.
Tucker. Mr. Marchant had the best six plants. The
best specimen wa9 Adiantum gracillimum, from Mr.
Trinkle ; and Mr. E. Hall had the best fifteen British
Ferns.

Zonal Pelargoniums, the best we have seen this

season, were finely shown by Mr. G. Tucker ; plants
of very superior merit. Mr. H. Jones had the best
four plants. Variegated Pelargoniums were large
and well grown, the bicolor varieties predominating.
The Ivy-leaved varieties were well grown, but not
sufficiently advanced in bloom.

Tuberous-rooted Begonias were a very fine feature,
some of the plants being grandly grown and flowered.
Mr. C. Rickman was 1st in both classes for six single
and 5ix double varieties. Mr. W. Grizell, gr. to W.
Clifford, Esq., Falfield, was 1st with six doubles ; and
Mr. Cole, gr. to S. Treadwell, Esq., Bath, with six
singles.

Cut flowers are always a fine feature here. Collec-
tions of thirty-six spikes of Gladioli were very attrac-
tive ; Mr. G. S. Walters, nurseryman, Calne, was 1st ;
and Mr. R. H. Poynter. nurseryman, Taunton, 2nd.
The best twelve came from Mr. S. Tottle, Taunton.
Dahlias were very good indeed ; Messrs. Heath &
Son, nurserymen, Cheltenham, were 1st, with twenty-
four varieties, the following being in excellent con-
dition:— Mrs. G. R. Jeffard, Seraph, Gloire deLyon,
a white self; Vice-President, R. T. Rawlings, Crim-
son King, George Rawlings, James Vick, Ethel
Britton, Eclipse, Georgiana, James Cocker, and Mrs.
Gladstone. Mr. Thomas Hobbs, Lower Easton,
Bristol, was 1st with twelve varieties, a very good
stand indeed. Mr. Humphries had the best nine
fancies. Mr. T. Carr had the best stand of twelve
bunches of single Dahlias, all set up in good sym-
metrical bunches.

Roses were admirably shown, and the stand of
thirty-six varieties with which Messrs. J. JefFeries &
Son, nurserymen, Cirencester, took the 1st prize,
contained some very fine blooms ; such as Mdlle.
Sophie Fropot, Alfred Colomb, Charles Lamb, Mrs.
J. Laing, Ulrich Brunner, Prince Arthur, Madame
Marie Verdier, La France, &c. 2nd, Mr. J. Mattock,
nurseryman, Oxford, who led for twenty-four varie-
ties; some of his best flowers were distinct from the
foregoing, as follows : — Merveiile de Lyon, Senateur
Vaisse, J. S. Mill, Her Majesty, Souvenir de la Mal-
maison, Souvenir d'Eliseie Vardon, Catherine Mermet,
and Anna Olivier. Messrs. Heath & Son had the best
twelve varieties, of Verbenas ; zonal Pelargoniums,
were splendidly shown in twenty-four bunches by Mr.
J. Mattock; French and German Asters, Phloxes, and
Hollyhocks, were all highly attractive features.

The best twenty-four bunches of cut flowers came
from Mr. W. Richards, Stapleton, consisting largely
of blooms of stove and greenhouse plants ; Mr. Shil-
ton, gr. to A. K. Wart, Esq., Clifton, was a good
2nd.

The best collection of cut flowers of herbaceous
or hardy plants came from Messrs. G. Cooling &
Sons, a very good lot indeed.

Mr. Thomas Jolly had the 1st prize for an excel-
lent collection of twelve bunches of hardy annuals.

Fruit. — The fruit department was remarkably good,
— a numerous and very fine display throughout. Mr.
A. Miller, gr. to W. H. Long, Esq., M.P., Rood
Ashton, Trowbridge, was the only exhibitor of eight
dishes, staging excellent dishes of Alicante and
Muscat of Alexandria Grapes, Bellegarde Peaches
Pine-apple Nectarine, Jefferson's Plum, Brunswick
Figs, Bon Chretien Pears, and Rood Ashton Seed-
ling Melon.

Collections of Grapes : Mr. W. Taylor, gr. to Mr.
Alderman Chaffin, Bath, was 1st, with a superb
collection of eight bunches, having one bunch each
of Alnwick Seedling and Madresfield Court, three of
Alicante, and three of Muscat of Alexandria. Mr.
J. Burey, gr. to C. Bayer, Esq., Forest Hill, S.E.,
was 2nd with very good bunches of Black Hamburgh,
Madresfield Court, Alnwick Seedling, and Foster's
Seedling, showing two of each. Mr. Burey had the best
three bunches of Black Hamburgh, very fine in-
deed ; Mr. Taylor had the best two bunches of
Muscat of Alexandria, large and finely finished ;
Mr. J. Atwell, gr. to G. B. Brain, Esq., Stoke
Bishop, had the best two bunches of any other
white, in Foster's Seedling, very fine indeed. Mr.
Tayler was 1st with two bunches of any other black,
having superb Alnwick Seedling, with two bunches
grown within 6 miles of the Guildhall. Bath ; Mr.
J. Fortt was placed 1st with Muscat of Alexandria.

Melons were numerous, green and scarlet- fleshed
varieties being shown in great abundance.

The best dish of nine Peaches was of Bellegarde
from Mr. A. Miller. Mr. Chalk, gr. to G. Read, Esq.,
Salisbury, had the best six fruits, showing Barrington.

The best nine Nectarines were Pine-apple from
Mr. R. Hooper Taylor. Bath. Mr. Home, Bath, had
the best six, showing Victoria.

Mr. Haskell, Weston, had the best dish of Plums,

not Green Gages, showing very fine Jeffersons. Very
fine Kirke's, Victoria, Magnum Bonum, Washington,
and Guthrie's late Gages were shown in this class.

The best dish of culinary Plums was of Diamond,
from Mr. G. Osborne. Other good dishes were those
of Prince Englebert, Goliath, Magnum Bonum,
Washington, and Victoria.

In the class for Green Gage Plums, a large number
of dishes were staged, some very fine fruit being shown.
Figs and Morello Cherries were both good, and fine
Cob and Barcelona Nuts were also staged. Bon
Chretien was the best dessert Pear.

The best three dishes of dessert Apples came from
Mr. E. Hall, of Bath, who had Beauty of Bath, Red
Quarrenden, and Astrachan. The best single dish
of dessert Apples was Kerry Pippin.

Culinary Apples were numerous and wonderfully
fine ; the best three dishes came from Mr. A. Miller,
who had splendid examples of Eclinville, Lord
Suffield, and Nelson's Glory. The best single dish
was Eclinville, from Mr. Miller.

A very interesting collection of forty-eight dishes
of Apples and Pears was shown by Messrs. G. Cool-
ing & Sons, nurserymen, Bath, not for competition.

Vegetables were so extensively shown, that they
had to be arranged on tables on the terrace by the
side of the Great Western Railway, which runs
through the Sydney Gardens, where they were seen
to the best advantage.

The best collection of twelve varieties came from
Mr. W. E. Drax — a very fine lot indeed, admirably
staged ; Lady Theodora Guest was 2nd.

Special prizes were offered by Messrs. Sutton &
Sons, Reading, for the best six varieties, and Mr.
W. E. Drax and Lady T. Guest were again 1st
and 2nd.

In the class for six dishes, the special prizes by
Messrs. Webb & Sons, nurserymen, Stourbridge,
Mr. Waite, Glenhurst, Esher, was 1st ; and Mr.
G. Garraway 2nd.

There were several classes for vegetables, both
open and for cottagers, and they were very good
throughout.

THE NATIONAL CHRYSANTHEMUM

held its first exhibition at Westminster, on AVednes-
day and Thursday, September 11 and 12, when the
Chrysanthemum itself occupied but a small portion
of the display ; Dahlias, on the other hand,
being largely shown. F\>r a group of Chrysanthe-
mums, Messrs. J. Laing & Son, Porest Hill,
were 1st, showing well flowered plants — Mrs. J.
Burrell, C. Wermig, Madame Desgrange, &c,
Mr. J. R. Chard, Stoke Newington, was
2nd, also showing well. Prizes offered for a
collection of cut Chrysanthemums, brought out a
good lot of blooms. Mr. Owen, Maidenhead, taking
1st, having forty-one varieties, showing a great
number of pompons, and of others there were Mrs.
Burrell, Mons. P. Van Geert, Golden Madame Des-
grange, &c. Messrs. J. Laing & Son, Forest Hill, were
2nd, with a capital lot of fewer varieties, including
Mrs. Cullingford.C. Wermig.Mdlle. Leoni Lassali, &c.
Mr. J. Blackburne, gr. to J. Scott, jr., Esq., Elm-
stead Grange, Chislehurst, was 1st, for twelve
blooms of Madame Desgrange, leading with excel-
lent blooms in a large competition ; and for six
bunches of the same variety he was again successful.
For six bunches of any yellow variety, Mr. H.
Neary, gr. to Rev. R. W. Powell, Holy Innocents,
Hornsey, led, with capital blooms of yellow Madame
Desgrange ; other exhibits in this section being
poor. In the amateurs' class, Mr. D. B. Crane,
Highgate, led, with good flowers of Sam Henshaw,
an incurved Japanese, of whitish-crimson colour;
Mrs. Burrell, Madame C. Desgrange, and Pynaert
van Geert. Prizes were offered for a collection of
spikes of Gladioli. Messrs. J. Burrell & Co.,
Cambridge, were the only exhibitors, and were
awarded 1st for a bright, well-flowered lot.
Dahlias are extensively dealt with in the report of
the National Dahlia Society's show, on another page,
that we need not enter into detail here. Mr. C.
Turner, Slough, had the best sixty, and other prize-
winners in the openclasses were Messrs. Keynes,
Williams & Co., Salisbury; Mr. J. Walker, Thame;
Messrs. J. Cheal & Sons, Crawley ; and Messrs.
J. Burrell & Co. Miscellaneous exhibits were
numerous. Mr. T. S. Ware had a group of
plants of Mrs. Hawkins. Mr. Ware also con-
tributed a very extensive lot of Dahlias, artisti-
cally arranged. Lilium auratum varieties were
sent by Mr. W. Gordon, Twickenham. Mr.
E. F. Such, Maidenhead, had a number of

310

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 14, 1889.

Dahlias, and a collection of herbaceous plants in
variety. From Messrs. H. Cannell & Sons, Swanley,
Kent, a number of show, Cactus, single, and pompon
Dahlias were sent, and a Silver Medal was awarded.
Fruit was represented by collections of Apples of
good quality from Messrs. J. Laing & Son, and from
Messrs. J. Peed & Sons, Streatham, both having
popular varieties. A few Plums were also sent by
Messrs. Laing. A collection of Palms was sent by Mr.
W. Holmes, Hackney. Messrs. Beale had horticultural
sundries, and the Ichthemic manure was also shown.
Messrs. Sam. Deards & Co., New Bond Street, had
samples of their Uncle Sam radiator and dry glazing.
A Conference was held on Wednesday afternoon,
when papers by Mr. Piercy and Mr. Doughty on
"Early Chrysanthemums" and "Naturally-grown
Chrysanthemums " were read respectively.

Flohal Committee.

A meeting of this body took place in the St.
Stephen's Hall of the Royal Aquarium on the
11th inst., Mr. E. Sanderson presiding, there being
a good attendance. First-class Certificates of Merit
were accorded to the following Chrysanthemums : —
To Sam Henshaw, an early flowering incurved
Japanese variety, with massive petals of a pale
silvery colour, from Mr. D. B. Crane, Highgate ; and
to Comtesse F. de Carial, a semi-incurved early
flowering variety, buff, with a deeper shade on the
edges, from Messrs. J. Laing & Co. To the follow-
ing show Dahlias : — Crimson Globe, bright crimson ;
John Hickling, a golden-yellow self; to Duke of
Fife, a brilliant vermilion-crimson flower that
improves in quality with time ; and Alice Emily,
yellow, shaded with brownish -buff, from Messrs.
Keynes, Williams & Co. To single Dahlias
W. C. Harvey, buff, with a wine-crimson
ring round the eye ; Miss Jefferies, delicate
pink, with a broad crimson ring round the
eye ; and Duchess of Fife, amber, with side edgings
of reddish-orange— quite distinct, from Mr. T. S.
Ware. To Pompon Dahlia Cleopatra, plum, with a
bright shading of purple; and William Searl, orange-
buff — very distinct, from Mr. C. Turner. To show
Dahlia Mrs. West, a highly promising variety in the
way of Mrs. Dodds, with a little more colour, and a
better outline and petal ; and to Cactus Dahlia
Centenary, bright deep crimson, from Mr. J. T.
West, Brentwood. To single Dahlias Northern Star,
red, with side margins of pale yellow ; and Eclipse,
rosy-mauve and salmon, with a broad crimson ring
round the eye ; and to Cactus Dahlia Centennial, ma-
genta-crimson, with side-edgings of maroon, fine and
distinct, from Messrs. J. Cheal & Son. To single
Dahlia Gruppo, of a peculiar shade of orange-
salmon, so popular now, a stout and well-formed
flower, from Mr. T. W. Girdlestone, Sunningdale.
To Gladiolus Gertrude, pure white, extra fine ; and
Lilian, white, with slight stripes of rosy-carmine,
from Messrs. J. Burrell & Son. A fine strain of
quilled Asters, shown by Mr. R. Dean, seed-grower,
Ealing, was highly commended for the strain ; and
a similar award was made to Plant-collars, exhibited
to Messrs. R. Beale & Co., New Southgate.

NATURALLY GROWN CHRYSANTHEMUMS*

In consequence ofthe varyingconditions nnder which
Chrysanthemums are grown, owing to the difference
in the practice of cultivators and in the climatic con-
ditions of districts, it is somewhat difficult in refer-
ring to the treatment naturally grown plants for the
production of exhibition blooms should receive to fix
upon a starting point. Much, as the majority of you
are aware, depends upon the strength of the" plants,
the firmness of the wood, and the treatment they
have hitherto received.

Speaking as a southern grower, we will suppose
that the plants have been well cultivated and are now
strong and healthy. We will also assume that the
wood is well solidified, and that they have their buds
in various stages of development. At the outset, I
will call your attention to a matter of the greatest
importance, and that is the application of a rich top-
dressing. We top-dress our plants at the end of Julv
or early in August, a space of about 2 inches being
left at the final potting for this purpose. About an
inch of the material to be used is placed upon the
surface of the pots and pressed down rather firmly,
the application being made when the soil in the pots
is moderately dry, so that it does not work into a

, .*. "Treatment of Plants Grown for the Production of Exhi-
bition Blooms a Short Timu Previous to the Shows." By J
Doughty • Angley Park, Cranbrook. Read at the National
Chrysanthemum Society's Conference, September 11, 1889.

paste. The mixture used for top-dressing consists of
one part of loam, one part of decayed manure, a small
quantity of old mortar, and a sprinkling of bone-
meal. For some time afterwards the plants are
watered with a can, to which a rose is affixed to avoid
the risk ofthe top-dressing being washed out of its
place, or, indeed, being greatly disturbed. What-
ever feeding the plants may have had previous to this
surface dressing should be continued afterwards, as
the top-dressing has no immediate effect unless
a fertiliser of quick action be added to it. But
the addition of manure that will act rapidly, I do
not think absolutely necessary, although I used it
previous to last year. Now if the surface-material
be examined about three or four weeks after its
application, strong healthy roots will be found work-
ing their way through it, and when the time arrives
for housing the plants, the surface will be seen to be
more or less covered with these healthy, vigorous
feeders. In my opinion, nothing can be of greater
assistance in the taking up of supplies of food so
essential to the plants during the development of
the buds than these newly-formed fibrous roots.
This may at first appear to have but little bearing
upon the future treatment of the plants. I have,
however, explained this to show the condition the
plants must be in as regards root-action. Having,
then, secured plenty of newly-formed rootlets for the
taking up of the food, we now feed chiefly with Clay's
fertiliser and Thompson's vine manure. These we
use alternately, at intervals of about eight days, but
in this matter we are guided by the state of the
weather. If prolonged dull wet weather sets in, the
manures must be used more sparingly, so as not to
cause too quick a growth, or the flower-stems will
be weak, and the blooms lacking in substance. We
use both manures at the rate of about 1 oz. to each
plant of the strongest growing varieties, such as Fair
Maid of Guernsey, Grandiflorum, Maiden's Blush,
Princess of Wales and its sports, and the Queen
family. The latter, I consider, the greatest feeders
of all. In the case of weaker growing varieties,
such as Meg Merrilies, Criterion, Jeanne Delaux,
Lady Hardinge, and Mrs. W. Shipman, we use the
manure more sparingly, about f oz. to each plant
being a very suitable quantity.

This rate of feeding is continued after the forma-
tion of the flower-buds, with an occasional watering
with liquid manure from the cesspool, as an
occasional change of food is, I believe, very beneficial
to them. The water used is previously placed in a
large tub standing in the open, fully exposed to
atmospheric influences; hence it is maintained at a
somewhat similar temperature to that of the soil
about the roots. As a still further assistance to the
plants, a bag containing soot is placed in this tub.
This bag is refilled with soot about once a fortnight,
as the goodness is found to be washed out of the
soot in about that period. The plants are fed in this
way until the blooms commence to expand, when all
feeding ceases, excepting when the bloom is late,
when a little sulphate of ammonia is applied. But
I do not advise the use of the sulphate, excepting for
the purpose of assisting in bringing forward late
varieties, as it tends to shorten the durability ofthe
blooms after their expansion.

Mildew is a most troublesome disease, and gene-
rally makes its appearance with us early in Septem-
ber. Sometimes it attacks the plants earlier, and
this season they were attacked at the end of August.
We are situated in a low-lying spot, and conse-
quently the Chrysanthemums are more subiect to
its attacks than are those grown in gardens occupy-
ing a higher and drier situation. On its first
appearance every plant is dusted with flowers-of-
sulphur, usually early in the morning, when the
leaves are wet with dew, as the sulphur will then
adhere to the under surface. This is a very impor-
tant point, as the rain cannot remove it from the
under surface as it does from the upper surface.
We seldom have to repeat its application, and I have
not on any occasion, since adopting this practice,
been troubled with mildew after housing the plants.
Black-fly is very troublesome with us every season
about this time. To eradicate this pest we dust,
with tobacco-powder immediately it makes its
appearance. Also after the plants are housed, and
before the blooms commence to expand, we fumigate
slightly two or three times to free the plants from
aphis that may remain.

Much depends upon the time the plants are
housed, especially the late varieties. As to the
time of flowering, I do not care so much whether
such varieties as Boule d'Or, or Grandiflorum and
the like, form their buds early in August, or at the
end of the month. Their blooms can be expanded by

the middle of November. List season I took Boule
d'Or buds on September 1, and Grandiflorum buds on
September 8, and exhibited them both in good form
on November 12. These, with such varieties as the
Princess of Teck and its sports, Barbara and Thuu-
berg, should be housed earlier, and placed in a
favourable position. The above varieties, with
others correspondingly late, are placed on the side
stages of the greenhouse immediately over the hot-
water pipes, and by means of large flower-pots are
raised as near to the glass as possible. These re-
ceive a little sulphate of ammonia twice a-week, and
when the solar influences are not favourable, a little
artificial heat must be applied. The cultivator
must use his own judgment as to the time of housing
his plants, taking into consideration the locality in
which he resides, and the state of the buds (whether
late or early, and also what means at his command
for housing them. These are important points
which will repay a little study, and certainly cannot
be ignored by those who would achieve success in a
close competition.

Having stated how our late varieties are treated, I
will allude to the general collection. The earliest
varieties, which require very little fire-heat, i.e., only
sufficient to maintain a dry atmosphere, are placed
in an early vinery ; and those that are naturally a
little later, are arranged upon the centre stage ofthe
greenhouse. All are raised as near to the glass as
possible, by means of planks laid upon drain-pipes
placed in an upright position upon the stage'. The
plants are placed upon the platform thus provided,
the tallest plants being arranged at the back, and
the dwarf ones towards the front. The plants nearest
the front are raised by means of various-sized flower-
pots, so that, when all is complete, they form a very
sharp slope to the south. By this arrangement, the
upper growth of every plant receives a full share of
light and air — a matter of great importance if good
blooms are expected. Again, every bud can be seen
when the cultivator is standing in front of them, so
that, should they require attention, a plant or two
can easily be removed for that purpose.

I will not occupy your time in alluding to dressing
the blooms, as most growers will have acquired that
art from practice, and from the directions so well
given in Mr. Molyneux's eminently practical book.
But, in conclusion, I should like to draw your atten-
tion to one further important point, and that is
arranging the colours on the exhibition board. I
have noticed scores of stands arranged with some-
times as many as four, and even six, blooms of a
bronze or other dark shade placed together. This is
not as it should be, for by a judicious intermingling
ofthe light and dark shades of colour, each bloom
will add to the effect of its neighbour, and conse-
quently to the attractions of the exhibition table.
It may also make all the difference between a first
or second place in a close competition.

ABERDEEN.

Auoust 22, 23, 21.— The annual Floral Fete ofthe
Royal Horticultural Society of Aberdeen was held
on the above dates in the Duthie Public Park,
Aberdeen. The exhibition showed a decided
advance over the one which was held last year, there
being 1627 entries, as compared with 1549 in 1888.

In the large marquee, an erection of 220 feet in
length, a line of tables ran along the middle, bearing
entries in the section devoted to pot-plants sent in
by professionals, while the smaller ones were given
up to the exhibits of amateurs and working-men,
and to vegetables.

The Weather.

THE PAST WEEK.

The following summary record of the weather for
the week ending September 9, is furnished from the
Meteorological Office : —

" The weather has been in a fair, but cloudy, con-
dition very generally, with a good deal of wet mist or
fog in different parts of the kingdom. During the
night-time heavy dews were very prevalent, but the
days have been dry over England.

" The temperature has been above the mean in all
districts, the excess having ranged from 1° in
'England, E.,' and the Channel, to 3° in the north
and west of Scotland and north of Ireland. The
highest of the maxima, which were recorded either
on the 6th or 9th.. varied from 70° in Ireland

September 14, 1889.J

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

311

ind the east and west of Scotland, to 73° in ' Scot-
land, N.,' the 'Midland Counties' and 'England,
S.W.,' and to 7-4° in ' England, S.' The lowest of
the minima, which were registered on somewhat
variable dates, ranged from 37° in ' Scotland, E.,'and
30° in ' England, N.W.,' to 49° in ' Ireland, S.,' and
53° in the ' Channel Islands.' During the earlier
part of the period the daily minima were very high
for the time of year.

" The rainfall has been much less than the mean
in all districts, and at many stations rain was
altogether absent. The fall over the country
generally has been less during this week than for

' any weekly period since that which ended on July 1.
" Bright sunshine has been more than it was last

' week over Scotland and the North of England, but
less so in all other districts. The percentage of the
possible amount of duration ranged from 19, in the

;' Midland Counties,' to 36 in ' Scotland, E.,' 38 in
England, N.W.,' and 48 in the ' Channel Islands.' "

I [BY the term "accumulated temperature " is meant a figure
representing the aggregate amount, as well as the dura-
tion, of the excess or defect of temperature above or below
42° Fahr. for the period named ; and this combined result
is explained in Day-degrees — a " Day-degree " signifying
1° continued for twenty-four hours, or any other number
of degrees for an inversely proportional number of hours.]

Temper atdre.

-3
a .

'■■* S>

! it a

+£

3 +

2 +

1 +

2 +

3 +
2 +

2 +

3 +
2 +
1 +

Accumulated.

Day-
deg.
100

109

123

121

132

111

119

128

121

124

137

9£

Day-

deg.

O U

Day-
deg.
4- 219

+ 44

+ 38

+ 13

+ 1

+ 75
— 27

" « a

: S«

Day
deg.
+

+
+
+ 112
+
+ 75
23

Rainfall.

i -^

.3..

„ 2

°a
+ S

lOths
Inch.

6 —

7 —
6 —
5 —

5 —

6 -
9 -

8 -

9 -

6 —

7 -
7 -

In
,27.0
18.3
16.5
18.0
20.1
16.4
27.0
20.4
22.6
25.6
21.9
17.4

Bright
Surf.

S3 .

1-1 CO

The districts indicated by number in the first column are
the following : —

Principal Wheat-producing Districts — 1, Scotland, N. ;
2, Scotland, E. ; 3, England, N.E. ; 4, England, E. ;
5, Midland Counties; 6, England, S.
Principal Grazing, #c, Districts — 7, Scotland, W. ; 8,
England, N.W. ; 9, England. S.W. ; 10, Ireland, N. ;
11, Ireland, S. ; 12, Channel Islands.

Markets.

COVENT GARDEN, September 12.

Prices remain the same as last week. James Web-
ber, Wholesale Apple Market,

Cut Flowers,

Abutilons, 12 bun. ...
Asters, Fr., per bun.

— English, per bun.
Bouvardias, per bun.
Carnations, 12 bun.

— 12 blooms
Chrysanth., 12 bun.
Chrysanth., 12 blms.
Cornflowers, 12 bun.
Dahlias, 12 bun. ...
Eucharis, per dozen
Graillardias, 12 bun.
Gardenias, 12 blooms
Gladioli, 12 bun. ...

— 12 sprays
Heliotropes, 12 epr.
Lilium, various, 12

blooms

Marguerites, 12 bun.

—Average Wholesale Prices,

s.d.s.d. s.

2 0-40 Maiden Hair Fern,

0 9-16 12 bun 4

2 0- 4 0 Mignonette. 12 bun. 1
0 6-09 Pansies, 12 bun. ... 1

3 0-40 Pelargoniums, 12 spr. 0
10-20 — scarlet, 12 spr.... 0
2 0-40 Primulas, double, 12

0 6-30 sprays 0

10-30 Roses, Tea, per doz. 0

2 0-40 — coloured, dozen. 2

2 0-40 — red, per dozen ... 0

2 0-40 — Safrano, dozen... 0

2O-<0 Stephanotis, 12 spr. 2

6 0-12 0 Sunflowers, various,

10-16 per 12 bun. ... 3

0 6-10 Sweet Sultan, 12 bun. 3

Sweet Peas, 12 buu
Tuberoses, 12 bims. . .

10-50
3 0-60

d. s. d.

0-9 0
0-4 0
0-2 0
6-10
3-0 6

9-10
6-16
0-4 0
4- 1 0
6-10
0-4 0

0-6 0
0-4 0
0-4 0
4-10

Orchid bloom in variety, fairly good supply.
Fruit.— Average Wholesale Prices.

Apples, Ksieve

Filbert*, per lb. .
Grapes, per lb. .
Lemons, per case ,

ft.

s. d.

5 fi

0 10-

2 6

0-21 0

s. d. s. d.

Peaches, per doz. ... 2 0-80

Pine-apples, Eng. ,1b. 16-30

— St. Michael, each 2 0-60

Plums, fsieve ... 2 6-60

Vegetables.—

Beans, Fr., per lb. ...
Beet, red, per dozen
Carrots, per bunch...
Cauliflowers, each ...
Celery, per bundle ...
Cucumbers, each ...
Endive, per dozen ...
Green Mint, bunoh...
Herbs, per bunch ...
Leeks, per bunch ...
Lettuce, per dozen ...

Average Retail Prices.

8. d. 8, d,

0 4- ...

10-20

0 6- ...

0 3- ...

16-20

0 6-09

2 0- ...

0 4-

0 3-

1 6-

Mushrooms, punnet 2
Mustard and Cress,

punnet

Onions, per bunch ...
Parsley, per bunch...
Peas, per quart
Shallots, per lb.
Spinach, per bushel...
Tomatos, per lb. ...
Turnips, per bunch,

new

d. 8. d.
0- ...

4- ...
6- ...
4- ...
3- ...
6- ...
6- ...

Potatos are arriving in much better condition. Trade is
nominally about the same as previously reported. /. B.
Thomas.

Plants is Pots.— Average Wholesale Prices.

Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6
Asters, per dozen ... 3
Begonias, dozen ... 4
Cyperus, per dozen . 4
Draceena terminalis,

per dozen 30

— viridis, per doz. 12
Euonymus, in var.

per dozen

Evergreens, in var.,

per dozen 6

Ferns, in var., doz. 4
Ficus elastica, each . 1

d. s, d. s, d. s. d.

0-18 0 Foliage plants, vari-

0-6 0 ous, each 2 0-10 0

0-12 0 Fuchsias, dozen ... 3 0- 6 0
0-12 0 j Hydrangea, per doz. 9 0-18 0

Lilium lancifolium,

0-60 0 I per dozen 12 0-24 0

0-24 0 ; Marguerites, doz. ... 6 0-12 0

Mignonette, doz. ... 3 0-60
6 0-18 0 Palms in var., each 2 6-21 0

Pelargoniums, scar-
0-24 0 | let. per dozen ... 2 0- 4 0
0-18 0 i Solanums, per dozen 6 0-12 0
6-10

SEEDS.

London: Sept. 11. — Messrs. John Shaw & Sons,
seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane, E.C., write that,
as is generally the case at this season, there is now
no business doing in Clover seeds. Crops promise
to be good and abundant, and low prices all round
are confidently anticipated. Trifolium on the spot
being almost exhausted, is substantially dearer.
Unprecedentedly low rates prevail for Winter Tares.
Seed Rye is also plentiful and cheap. The new
English Mustard comes out slowly. In Rape seed
the tendency is upwards. Blue Peas remain dull.
For bird-seeds the inquiry is likewise sluggish.

CORN.

Averages. — Official statement showing the average
price of British corn, imperial measure, in the
week ended September 7 : — Wheat, 31s. ; Barley,
29s. 9d. ; Oats, 19s. 2d. For the corresponding
week in 1888 :— Wheat, 37s. 9d. ; Barley, 24s. 2d. ;
Oats, 18s. lOd.

POTATOS.

Borough and Spitalfields : Sept. 10. — Good
samples meet a fair demand ; other kinds slow sale.
Early Rose, 60s. to 70s. ; Regents, 60s. to 80s. ;
Myatt's, 50s. to 60s.; Hebrons, 70s. to 90s.; Mag-
nums, 50s. to 80s. per ton.

Spitalfields: Sept. 11. — Quotations: — Magnums,
45s. to 60s. ; Regents, 50s. to 70s. ; Imperators, 50s.
to 65s. ; Hebrons, 60s. to 80s. ; Early Rose, 50s. to
70s. per ton.

Stratford : Sept. 10. — Quotations : — Dark land
Magnums, 45s. to 55s. ; light land do., 50s. to 70s. ;
Hebrons, 55s. to 75s. ; Imperators, 60s. to 70s. per
ton.

Notices to Correspondents.

*#* Numerous articles and communications are oj
necessity held over.

Aphis on Peach Shoots : W. J. Y. For the destruc-
tion of this pest, Miss Ormerod gives the follow-
ing : — "4 oz. sulphuret of lime, and 2 oz. of soft-
soap, to each gallon of hot-water — the soap and
sulphuret to be well mixed, and the hot-water
gradually added ; the mixture being stirred during
the time." When cool enough to use, twigs may
be dipped in it, or it may be applied with a brush,
putting it into all crannies and crevices of the
bark and walls.

Apkicot and Green Gage : S. G. H. You can now
bud them ; that is, insert plump good buds of the
current year's growth on Plum stocks ; and these
may be wildings growing in the hedge-rows, and
which may be taken up afterwards — say next
spring or autumn ; or properly grown Plum (uot
Damson, Bullace, or Blackthorn) stocks in the
garden. In spring you might graft either upon
headed-back Plum trees, or on Apricots or Plums
of other varieties, choosing a few shoots to operate
on, or all of them, as fancy may dictate. Layer-
ing might be done between this time and March.

Books : D. H. The work entitled Greenhouse and
Stove Plants, by T. Baines (London : John Murray),
is the best on the subject.

Bouvardia : J. F. We should think it is worth pre-
serving.

Carnations : X. The plants are attacked with the
thread or eel-worms figured in Gardeners' Chronicle,
1881, December 3.

Creepers for an Intermediate-house. E. C. L.
The only plant which will not do amongst the list of
names sent is Stephanotis ; the others, if grown in
properly made and drained borders, should prosper ;
pots will not do. You might add Hoya carnosa,
Bignonia Chamberlainii, B. venusta, Beaumontia
grandiflora, Gloriosa Planti, G. grandifiora, Ipo-
miea albivenia, and I. Gerrardi, white, the first-
named with a purple tube, and the latter has a
yellow throat ; Luculia gratissima is a beautiful
plant, but would do best in a border and on a
wall ; and Tacsonia exoniensis, and T. insignis.
There are several others, but these named will
make a good show throughout the greater part of
the year. It may be said that very few strong-
growing creepers succeed when confined strictly
to their pots ; but if the roots can escape through
the bottom into a border of soil, better effects
are obtained.

Cool Orchid-House : Orchid. The best mode of
arranging staging is to have a close stage covered
with gravel, shell-gravel, or any clean material for
holding moisture, and a few inches above that open
woodwork staging arranged in steps, the higher
towards the back. This open staging may be
made in strips, which may be placed on bricks
rising to the heights required, and these are re-
movable for cleansing purposes at any time. Be
careful that a number of small openings in the
brickwork beneath the staging, and as near the
ground-line as possible, be made for bottom ven-
tilation. The whole of the staging in the house
should be arranged in the manner described.

Exhibitor : S. S. B. D. We should think the pro-
per class for you to compete in would be the
cottagers'.

Foliage Bedding Plants : L. E. Acacia lophantha,
if large examples are required, may be taken up
and potted ; and when established it will live in
the greenhouse. Wigandias are sometimes re-
tained from one year to another, but except for
very large beds they are not desirable. The
Solanums are best, like all of the above, when
raised annually from seeds sown in February.

Insects : E. L. The Pear sawfiy ; often figured in
the Gardeners' Chronicle.

Lessons in Chemistry : A Beginner. For instruc-
tion in organic and inorganic chemistry, you
should go to Downton or Cirencester Agricultural
Colleges — that is, if you wish to become acquainted
with the application of the science to the cultiva-
tion of the soil. What applies to agriculture is
applicable also, within certain limits, to garden-
ing. Write to the principals for further information.

Muscat of Alexandria Grapes : J. B. The
berries sent are of good size, bnt so far as we
could observe from the badly smashed condition
in which they reached us, they are badly shanked.
This may be due to poor soil, bad drainage of the
border, and other root troubles ; and perhaps over-
cropping this year or previously. If the Vines
are young, remake the border from top to bottom
as soon as possible, and take all the care you can
of all the roots. Two and a half feet is an ample
depth, and let the bottom be made impervious,
with a sharp fall to the drain at the front. Put
the roots into the new soil at different depths,
from 15 inches to 6 inches from the surface.
If the Vines are old, it would be the better plan to
root them out, and plant new canes. A middle
course, by which the old Vines might be retained
for a few years, would be to plant new Vines be-

312

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Septembeb 14, 1889.

tween the old ones, after remaking the border. It
may be said that the Muscats are all of them
the better for an inside, as well as an outside,
border, both of which should be made at
first, just wide enough to hold the roots,
the border can be made wider gradually, as the
roots reach the outside of it. Some gardeners
state that they have rejuvenated sickly, or old
Vines by top-dressings of soil and repeated sprink-
lings of Thompson's Vine Manure. This would
certainly aid surface rooting.

Names of Fruits : Amy son. Great Marlow . 1, Winter
Peach ; 2, Manks'Codlin ; 3, Emperor Alexander ;
6, Hanwell Souring; 11, Rosemary Russett ; 14,
not known.

Names of Plants. — A. W. 1, Rhamnus Frangula ;
2, Juniperus sinensis. — W. F. A double Begonia,
not remarkable. — G. H. G. 1, Hibiscus syriacus ;
2, Leycesteria formosa ; 3, Chlorophytum elatum ;
4, Cotoneaster microphylla. — Mungo Chapman. 1,
Rscallonia macrantha ; 2, Solidago cassia ; 3, Aster
nova belgica. The Ferns next week. — J. P. Abelia
rupestris. — K. 1, Aster Herveyi ; 2, Salvia gluti-
nosa. — M. C. Slocock. 1, Veronica, which we
cannot identify; 2, V. salicifolia ; 3, V. parviflora;
4, V. speciosa; 5, V. Andersoni ; 6, V. speciosa.
— Lymington. Rhus typhina. — A. B. The White
Lapageria. — H. Frank, 1, L. speciosum var. punc-
tatum ; 2, L. s. var. Melpomene ; 3 an 4, L. 8. album.
The colour of the pollen often varies in the forms of
this species. No Lily shows greater variation
than this as represented in gardens. It would be
useless to give every one of the scores of forms
distinctive names. N. W.

Pea, Eckfobd's Heroine : W. B. H. Good pods,
but we can say nothing about the flavour of the
Peas, as they are long past their best.

Peaches : Constant Reader. Introduced during the
sixteenth century, probably from France or Italy.
They were grown under glass about 1750, but we
do not know by whom.

Pelargonium : T. D. The petals had all fallen, but
apparently they were of a rich bright crimson-
scarlet. The truss is large. We should think it
quite worth propagating, and sending to Chiswick
for trial.

Plum Welshman : if. G. This is a very nice-
flavoured fruit of medium size, and dark purplish
red colour. As to its cropping qualities — a very
material point — we have no information. In some
respects it greatly resembles a variety named
Standard of England. You should submit it for
the opinion of the Fruit Committee.

Potato Tuber on Haulm: H. D. Of frequent
occurence, generally the result of root injury.

St. Duthie Pea : W. G. H. A most prolific plant
to have been grown under ordinary farm cultiva-
tion. We do not remember to have seen any Pea
plant with such a large number as 125 pods. This
is equal to 1000- fold increase. The Pea is of
good colour and flavour.

Vine Leaves : E. P., Boulogne-sur-Mer. Make your
mind easy. The swellings are mere warts covered
with brown hairs — not hollow in the interior, nor
containing any phylloxera.

CATALOGUES RECEIVED.

T. S. Ware, Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham-
Bulb Catalogues, Parts I. and II. ; also Paeonies,
Carnations, &c.

Geo. Coolino & Sons, 11, Northgate Street, Bath —
Dutch Flower Roots.

Wm. Samson & Co., and W. & T. Samson, 8 and 10,
Portland Street, Kilmarnock — Roots and Plants.

Clues Brothers, 23, Market Street, York — Bulbs.

Ten Houten & Co., Rotterdam — Fresh Vegetables
(Wholesale).

Ant. Roozen & Son, Overveen, near Haarlem, Hol-
land— Dutch Bulbs.

W. E. Martin, 20, Market Place, Hull— Bulbs.

Martin Grashoff, Quedlinburgh, Germany — New
Phloxes, &c.

Kent & Brydon, Darlington— Flowering Bulbs.

Communications Received.— E. J. Oilman.— H. A.' Buu-
yarrt.— N. E. B.—W. B. H.— A. D.— E. J.— B.— W. D.— T«o
Jolly Gardeners (please send names and addresses). — D. D.
— F. E.— K. A. R.— J. D.— Rev. W. Tuckwell.— J. S.—
J. J. W.-J. OB.— W. G. S— J. R— Hortus.— W. H. D —
G. Rowbotham.— A. M. Jones.— C. Hewett.— H. Waotigate.
W. H.— A Young Head Gardener and J. Hotham (next
week).— T. W. R.(many thanks)— Prof. 8.— W. Q. S. — A.O.
W.— H. Correvon, Geneva. — R. P.

HUGHES' Soluble

Fir Tree OIL

FLORISTS & NURSERYMEN SHOULD ALL USE IT

Mb. R. Craig, President of the Florist Convention of
America, says : "After trying all Insecticides that I could
learn about, I have come to the conclusion that Fir Tree Oil is
the best for all purposes, and I feel convinced there is nothing
to come up to it in the Market."

Used in the water for Washing Fabrics — it acts as a Disin-
fectant, Bleacher and Cleanser, and should always be used for
Washing Fine Linen Goods.

It kills Insect life on Man, Animals, Birds and Plants, with-
out any fear of injurious effects. It is invaluable for all
Animals and Birds when they are washed.

Sold by all Seedsmen and Chemists, 1/6, 2/6, 4/6 ; ^-Gallon
7/6. 1-Gallon 12/6, or less in larger quantities.

A Treatise on FIR TREE OIL as an INSECTICIDE, its
application to Plants and Animals, sent Post free on
application to
E. G. HUGHES, Victoria-St., Manchester.

Wholesale from Messrs. Hooper & Co.; Corry, Soper
& Co. ; OSMAN & Co., and all the Seed Merchants and Patent
Medicine Houses in London.

NEW YORK— Bolker & Sons.

Sold in Packets, 6d. and Is. each, and in

SEALED BAGS ONLY,

7 lb. 14 lb. 28 lb.

56 lb.

1 cwt.

2/6 4/6 7/6 12/6 20/-
CLAY & L.EVESLEY,

TEMPLE MILL LANE,
STRATFORD, LONDON, E.

C. & L. alsosupply Crushed Bones, Bone Dust, Peruvian Guano,
Sulphate of Ammonia, and Nitrateof Soda, inbest qualities only.

SAVE HALF THE COST.

GARSIDE'S

BEDFORDSHIRE

COARSE AND

FINE

SILVER SAND

Is admitted by the leading Nurserymen to be the Best
Quality obtainable in the Trade.

Apply "direct to the Proprietor for Samples and Price.

Free on Rail or Canal. All Orders executed with the utmost
promptness and under personal supervision. Special Rail-
way Rates in force to all parts.
GEO. GARSIDE, Jun.. F.R.H.S.. Lelghton Buzzard, Beds.

RUSSIA "MATS.— New Archangel Mats, and
all kind9 of Petersburg Mats, supplied Wholesale, to
the Trade only. Also RAFFIA. TOBACCO PAPER and
CLOTH, CANES, and all SUNDRIES.
MARENDAZ ASP FISHER, James Street. Covent Gardep.W.C.

CARSON'S PAINT

Patronised by 16,000 of the. Nobility, Gentry,
and Clergy, for all kinds of

OUTDOOR WORK, CONSERVATORIES,

Greenhouses, Frames, &c.
1 Cwt., and Oil Mixture, Free to all Stations.

Liquid Non-Poisonous Paints for Inside of Conservatories, &c.
Prices, Patterns, and Testimonials, Post-free.

LA BELLE SAUVAGE YARD, LUDGATE HILL, E.C.

BACHELOR'S WALK, DUBLIN. -Discount for Cash.

6, HIGH STREET, SHOREDITCH,

Protection of Fruit Trees from the
Winter Moth.

NOW IS THE TIME TO APPLY

PROTECTIVE COMPOSITION,

AS RECOMMENDED BY MISS OBMEROD.

Particulars on application.
DICKSONS, The Nurseries, CHESTER.

(Limited)

GISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading
Gardeners since 1859 against Red Spider, Mildew
Thrips, Green Fly, and other Blight. 1 to 2 ounces to the
gallon of soft- water ; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines
and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake against
American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended
to supersede it. Boxes, Is., 3s., and 10s. 6d.

GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on
wet ground. Boxes, 6rf. and Is., from the Trade
Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY

(Limited), London.

LI ST- LI ST.

Tons of List for Sale, in any quantities, in lengths of 50 yards
and upwards, for nailing up wall-trees, &c.

3d. per pound. Apply f

MALLETT, PORTER, & DOWD,

465, CALEDONIAN ROAD, N.

21-OZ. and 15-OZ. Foreign, of above sizes, in boxes of 100 feet '

and 200 feet super.
English Glass, cut to buyers' sizes, at lowest prices, delivered, I

free and sound in the country, in quantity.

"HORTICULTURAL PUTTY." Own Special Manufacture, i

GEORGE FARMILOE & SONS,

Lead, Glass, Oil. and Colour Merchants,

34, St. John Street, West Smithfleld, London, EC.

Stock Lists and Prices on application. Please quote Chronicle.

ORCHID BASKETS,

RAFTS, BOATS, AND CYLINDERS,

AND ALL GARDEN SUNDRIES.

SEND FOR A

PRICE LIST

from the Largest Manufacturer in the Trade,

H. G. SMYTH,

21, GOLDSMITH STREET,

DRURY LANE. W.C.

HORTICULTURAL

A Large Stock r<. T A Q Q
always on Hand. I T I iAi, il).

Special quotations for quantities.

WHITE LEAD, OILS, AND COLOURS

At lowest possible prices.

NICH0LLS& CLARKE,

LONDON, E.

MADE WITH BOILING WATER.

E P P S ' S

GRATEFUL-COMFORTING.

C O C O A

MADE WITH BOILING MILK.

September 14, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

813

SAVE YOUR FIRE

id keep a fixed temperature under glass, by using
FRIGI DOMO," made of prepared hair and
ool : a perfect non-conductor of cold.

PROTECT your PLANTSj

"FRIG DOMO j

REGISTERED ■ mw trade MARKI
For price list &. particulars Address-

BENJAMIN TOGINGTON

%3 2 Du/<e S-r LA London Br/dge

Farms, Estates, Residences.

Any one desirous of Renting a Farm or Residence,
Purchasing an Estate, can have copies of the

MIDLAND COUNTIES' HERALD
supplied free for six weeks on stating the purpose for
which the paper is required, forwarding name and address, and
six halfpenny stamps for postage, addressed " Midland Counties
Herald Office, Birmingham." The Midland Counties Herald
always coutains large numbers of advertisements relating to
Farms. Estates, and Residences for Sale and to be Let.

Belgian.

Professors at the Horticultural School of the Belgian Govern-
ment at Ghent. Post-paid, 10s. per annum.

H. J. VAN HULLE, Botanical Gardens, Ghent, Belgium.

WORKS OF AUTHORITY ON BOTANY.

QIR JOSEPH PAXTON'S BOTANICAL

^J DICTIONARY. Comprising the names. History, and
Culture of all Plants known in Britain, together with a full
Explanation of Technical Terms. Medium 8vo, cloth. Price 25s.

BOTANY for BEGINNERS.
An Introduction to the Study of Plants. By Maxwell T.
Masters, M.D., F.R.S., late Examiner in Botany, University
of London. With upwards of 100 Ulustratious. Price 3s. 6a.

LINDLEY'S SCHOOL BOTANY.
A Complete Manual of Rudimentary Botany for Students.
&c. With 400 Illustrations. 8vo. cloth. Price 5s. 6d.

T INDLEY'S ELEMENTS of BOTANY.

-L^ With Illustrations. 8vo, cloth. Price 9s.

London : BRADBURY,
Street, E.C.

AGNEW AND CO., 9, Bouverie

HEATING ! HEATING !! HEATING !!!

,HE THAMES BANK IRON COMPANY,

BOILERS of the latest and most approved class, including the

'ATENT HORIZONTAL TUBULAR, with WATER BARS ; CAST-IRON SAODLE, with WATERWAY-
END, Etc. ; VENTILATING CEAR and VALVES.

In the event of a Pipe requiring to be replaced in the Patent Horizontal Tubular B >iler, an arrangement has been perfected whereby same may be effected in the course of a few pitmitea,

without the necessity of disturbing \he brickwork setting.

ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, Is. PRICE LIST FREE.
UPPER GROUND STREET, BLACKFRIARS, LONDON, S.E.

Telegraphic Address— "Hot- water, London." Telephone, No. 4763.

[HE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR OF GARDEN OPERATIONS.

By the late Sir JOSEPH PAXTON, M.P. Kepriuted from the Gardeners' Chronicle.

Price 3d., Post-free 3|d.;
Twenty-five Copies 5s., Fifty 10s., and One Hundred 20s.

Parcels of not less than twenty-five delivered, Carriage Pree, in London only.
Not less than one hundred Carriage Paid to any part of Great Britain.

W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE FORM OF SUBSCRIPTION.

W. RICHARDS,

41, Wellington Stheet, Strand,
LONDON, W.C.

18S9.

Please send me "The Gardeners' Chronicl

for

Months,

mmencmg

., for which I enclose P. 0.0.

Please Note that all Copies Sent Direct from this Office must be paid for in advance

THE UNITED KINGDOM : — 12 Months, 15s. ; 6 Months, 7s. 6d. ; 3 Months. So. 9d. ; PosWree.
FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTIONS (excepting India and China) :— Including Postage, 17s. 6d. for Twelve Months. India and China, 19s. 6d.

Receipts for less than six months' subscription will not be sent unless specially asked for.

P.0.0. to be made pat/able at the Post Office, No. 42, DRURY LANE, London, to W. RICHARDS. I a a. I

Cheques should be crossed " DRUMMOND." I ep.-_ ' _l

314

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 14, 1889.

THE GARDENERS'

GHR

.dvert]

ONIGL

Scale of Charges for A

sing.

Head Line charged as two.

4 Lines ,

.£030

Lines .

. £0 8

6 » •

.036

. 0 9

6 „ .

.040

. 0 9

1 » •

.046

0 10

8 » •

.050

. 0 10

» ,, •

.056

. 0 11

10 „ .

.060

. 0 11

11 » •

.066

. 0 12

12 „ ■

.070

. 0 12

13 „ .

.076

. 0 13

14 „ ■

.080

it •

. 0 13

AND SIXPENCE FOR EVERY ADDITIONAL LINE.

If set across two Columns, the lowest charge will be 20*.

If set across three Columns the lowest charge will be 30s.

Page, £8; Half Page, £4 105. ; Column. £3.

Gardeners and others Wanting Situations.

26 words, including name and address, Is, 6d.,

and 6d. for every additional line (about 9 words) or part

of a line.

THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE PREPAID.

This scale does not apply to announcements of Vacant
Situations, which are charged at the ordinary scale.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.— Advertisers are cautioned
against having Letters addressed to Initials at Post-offices, as
all Letters so addressed are opened by the authorities and
returned to the sender.

Births, Deaths and Marriages, 5s. each insertion.

Advertisements for the current week must reach the Office by

Thursday noon.

All Subscriptions Payable In Advance.

The United Kingdom : 12 Months, 15s. ; 6 Months,

7s. 6d. ; 3 Months, 3s. 9d.

Foreign (excepting India and China); including Postage,

17S, 6d. for 12 Months; India and China, 19s. 6d.

Post Office Orders to be made payable at the Post Office,

42, DRURY LANE, W.C., to W. Richards.

Publishing Office and Office for Advertisements,
41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C.

WANTED, a WORKING PARTNER, in a
Florist and Nursery Business, S miles from Covent
Garden. Acre of Glass, heavily stocked. Good opening for
energetic man, with moderate capital. — Address, in first
instance, A. B„ 38, Buttesdand Street. City Road, E.C.

WANTED, an experienced GARDENER, as
Second, where three others are kept. He must be fully
competent, both Inside and Out. A good Propagator aud
Grower of Stove, Greenhouse, and Hardy Plants, and have a
knowledge of Bedding-out. He must be strong, active, and
willing, expert in the use of the Spade, Hoe, and Mowing
Machine ; and not be afraid of work, as there is plenty to do.
Wages to a good man, 18s. to 20s. a week. Good references
will be required.— T. ARNALL, Headington Hill, near Oxford.

WANTED, for Single-handed place, with
useful Indoor Work, thoroughly experienced, intelli-
gent GARDENER. No Storehouse. Age 25 to 40. Knowledge
of Herbaceous Plants and Propagation desired. Wages, 185.
Small cottage. Very retired neighbourhood. Unsuitable
applications unanswered. — A. L., Kingsley, Alton, Hants.

WANTED AT ONCE, a good JOBBING
GARDENER. One well up to the work. Inside and
Out. Permanent. Wages, 20s. per week.— C. H. GORRINGE,
Roselands Nursery, Eastbourne.

WANTED, thorough practical WORKING
FOREMAN, for Grapes, Tomatos, &c, for trade.
Three others kept. State age, family, wages, experience.
House, Coals, and Vegetables, free.— WILKINSON, Lambley,
Nottingham.

W ~ANTED, a married Man7 as WORKING
FOREMAN, to take charge of Outside Department,
where Ro es, Bulbs, and Herbaceous Plants are grown in
quantity for Cut Flowers. Only thoroughly practical men need
apply. Wages commencing at 25s. per week, with cottage. —
State experience and where last employed, to TURNER,
BROS., Garston, Liverpool. ^^

WANTED, TWO Young MEN— one accus-
tomed to Growing Pelargoniums, Chrysanthemums,
and Primulas for Market; and one with knowledge of
Herbaceous Plants, Dahlias, and Shrubs. — Apply by letter,
stating where experience gained, and wages expected,
THOMSON and CO., Spark Hill Nurseries, Birmingham.

Florists.

WANTED, a YOUTH, about 18, accustomed
to Gardening. Wages, 16s. —LONG and CO., 473,
Oxford Street, W.

WANTED, 20 good SPADE HANDS, for
Laying-out Work in London. Wages 21s. per week. —
W. HOLMES, Frampton Park Nurseries, South Hackney, N.E.

WANTED, ASSISTANT SHOPMAN. Must
have knowledge of Seed and Bulb Trade, and be
capable of Assisting in Office Work.— GEORGE PRINCE,
14, Market Street, Oxford.

WANTED, a young MAN, age 20 to 25;
must be accustomed to Flowers, aud good Salesman.
Excellent character.— J. DANIELS, 20S", Oxford Street, Man-
chester.

THOMAS MITCHELL, Nurseryman, Land-
scape Gardener and Horticultural Engineer, has a
VACANCY for an APPRENTICE. One who has a slight
knowledge of Drawing Plans preferred. Premium small. —
Aucuba Home, Park Road, Kingston Hill, Surrey.

GARDENING APPOINTMENTS.

Mr. R. R. Whitfield, for the past five years
Head Gardener to James Montagu, Esq.,
Melton Park, Doncaster, has been engaged by
Howard F. Paget, Esq., as Head Gardener and
Clerk of the Works, Elford Hall, Tamworth.

Mr. T. Townend, late Gardener to Lady
Alice Ewing, Coed Derwen, Bettws-y-Coed,
has been engaged as Gardener to J. Montagu,
Esq., Melton Park, Doncaster.

Mr. Thomas Dennes, late Foreman at Work-
sop Manor, has been appointed Head Gardener
to Mrs. Cookson, Binfield Park, Bracknell,
Berks.

Mr. Joseph Haddocks, late Gardener to B. C.
Roberts, Esq., J.P., Oakfield, Chester, has been
appointed as Gardener to Lady Alice Ewing,
Coed Derwen, Bettws-y-Coed, North Wales.

Mr. Thomas Osborne, for twelve years Head
Gardener to H. J. Buchan, Esq., Wilton House,
Southampton, has been engaged as Gardener to
W. Howabd. Esq., The Grove, Teddington,
Middlesex.

Mr. Ciias. Nixon, late Gardener to J. E.
Platt, Esq., Burntwood, Cheadle, Cheshire, has
been engaged as Gardener to D. Adamson, Esq.,
The Towers, Didsbury, Manchester.

Mr. R. Poole has been engagei as Head Gar-
dener to R. B. Evered, Esq., Oatlands Hall,
Horley, Surrey.

WANT PLACES,

Letters addressed " Poste Restante" to initials or to fictitious
names are not forwarded, but are at once returned to thi
writers.

POSTAL ORDERS.— To Advertisers, Subscribers, and
Others. — It is very important in remitting by Postal Order
that it should be filled in payable at No, 42, DRURY
LANE, to W. RICHARDS, as, unless the number of a
Postal Order is known, and it has been made payable at a
particular office, and to a particular person, it is impossible
to prevent any person into whose hands it may fall from
negotiating it.

N.B. — The best and safest means of Remitting is by
POST-OFFICE MONEY ORDER.

NOTICE TO ADVERTISERS.— In many instances
Remittances in Payment of Repeat Advertise?nents are
received without name, address, or anything beyond the
postmark on envelope by which to identify the sender ; this
in all cases causes a very great deal of trouble, and fre-
quently the sender cannot be identified at all.

Advertisers are requested ivhen Remitting to give their
Thames and Addresses, and also a Reference to the Adver-
tisements ivhich they wish repeated,

RICHARD SMITH and Ca
beg to announce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and that they
will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars.
&c— St. John's Nurseries, Worcester.

Gardeners, Farm-Bailiffs, Foresters. &c

DI C K S O N S, Royal Nurseries, Chester,
(Limited), are always in a position to RECOM-
MEND MEN of the highest respectability, and thoroughly
practical at their business. All particulars on application.
Telegraphic and Postal Address—" DICKSONS. CHESTER."

ARDENER (Head).— Age 36, married, no

family ; competent in all branches. Highest references.
—A. BEECH, Hemsby, Great Yarmouth.

ARDENER (Head).— Age 40, married, no

family; thoroughly competent and trustworthy. Good
character. — G. M., Chapel Square, Kimbolton, St. Neots, Hants

(^ ARDENER (Head),— Age 33, married ;
!X sixteen years' thorough practical experience in all
branches of the profession. Good testimonials. — WILLI 4.M
FALCONER, 2, Newbattle Terrace, Morningside, Edinburgh.

ARDENER (Head).— Age 44, married, one

child ; thirty years* practical experience in Nobleman's
Gardens. Good references.— A. SUMMERSELL, Wrotham
Park, Barnet.

ARDENER (Head). — A Lady wishes to

recommend her Gardener. Thorough practical know-
ledge of all branches of Gardening usually carried on in a good
establishment. Twenty-five years' experience ; five years in
present situation.— W. CROSS, The Gardens, Norton Court,
Gloucester.

GARDENER (Head); age 32.— £7 will be
given by Advertiser to any Gardener or Agent who will
assist him to secure a Head Gardener's place in a good Estab-
lishment. Sixteen years' experience in every branch of Horti-
culture. Ten years Foreman in Large Gardens, with chargeof
men. At present in a Nobleman's Garden of reputation.
Testimonials and references of the highest order can be given.
— HORTUS, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington
Street, Strand. W.C.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 4(T;
well up in Fruit Growing and General Routt: i.—F,
KENT, Lambley, near Nottingham. v

GARDENER (Head Working), where one
or two are kept. — Six years' character from present
situation. At liberty in October. Thoroughly experienced.—
A. J. BRIGHT, Stone, Aylesbury.

r\ ARDENER (Head Working), where two

V_J or more are kept. — Age 30, married ; fifteen years' ex-
perience in all branches. Abstainer.— GARDENER, 13, West
End Lane, Kilburn, N.W.

|0 ARDENER (Head Working), where more

•l_X are kept. — Age 35; twenty years' experience in all
branches of the profession. Can be highly recommended.—
GARDENER, Lammoran Rectory, Probus, Cornwall.

GARDENER (Head Working). — Age 36,
married, no children ; thoroughly experienced, sober,
and trustworthy. Three years' personal character.- J, W,, 6,
Orange Tree Terrace, Wilmington, Kent.

/GARDENER (Head Working); age 43.—

VU~ A Lady can strongly recommend a thoroughly expe-
rienced, all-round Gardener. Also Land and Stock.* Excellent
characters.— RAWLE, Crosspark, Shephay, Torquay.

GARDENER (Head Working) ; age 37, ]

married, no family. — A Gentleman going" abroad, p

■wishes to recommend a well experienced man in all branches, '

includingOrchids. Abstainer.— HARGETTS, OaMeld Avenue, |
Gipsy Hill, S.E.

GARDENER (Head Wokking).— Age 30, i

married, no children; sixteen years' experience in first- ,

class Gardens. Excellent references as to character and \

abilities. — A. T., Springfield Cottages, Dorman's Land, East i
Grinstead, Sussex.

GARDENER (Head Working), where two \
or more are kept. — Age 37, single; experienced in all i]
branches of Gardening, Grass Land, and Stock. First-class j
references as to character and abilities. — JOHN BUTT, |
Blundeston Lodge, Lowestoft, Suffolk.

GARDENER (Head Working).- Married, i
two children (youngest aged 10) ; thoroughly experi- j
enced in Early and Late Forcing, &c. Highest references from t
present and previous employers. — T. W., Mouson Road, Red- ,
hill, Surrey.
— A

GARDENER (Head Working) ; age 40, !
married.— F. W. Thomas, Esq., wishes to recommend
his Head Gardener to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a
competent man. First-cbss Grower of Fruits, Flowers, and .1
Vegetables. Twenty- five years' experience.— G. R., Gardenei's I
House, Wannock, Pobgate, Sussex.

/GARDENER (Head Working). — Middle- ;

\JT aged, no family; thoroughly experienced in all branches 1
of the profession. Good references from present and previous I
situations. Present Gardens and Pleasure Grounds can be j
seeu by any Lady or Gentleman requiring a honest, sober, and '(
obliging man, of twenty-five years' experience.— K., Mrs."
Griffin, Town Hall, Brighton.

GARDENER (Head Working, or good
Single-handed). — Age 32; married, no family ; fifteen
years* experience. Well up in early and late Forcing of Fruit, ;
Flowers, and Vegetables. — G. W., Mr. F. Beesley, Great
Barford, near Deddington, Oxon.

GARDENER (Head or Single-handed).—
Age 27, single ; twelve years' experience in all branches
of the profession. Good character.— M. L., 28, Fairthorn
Road, Charlton, London, S.E.

GARDENER (Head, or Single-handed).
Age 27 ; ten years' experience. Highly recommended by /
present and former employers. Two years in present place. — l'
MILNE, Bodlondeb, Conway, N. Wales.

GARDENER, where one or two are kept.—
Age 29, single at present ; good character from present
and previous places. — T. H., Allwork, Builder, Ripley, Surrey.

GARDENER.— A young Gardener, who is'
well acquainted with all kinds of Market Nurseries,
requires a situation in Nursery.— HEINRIET WILCHENS,
28, Cross Street, Clapham, S.E.

GARDENER, where two or three are kept-
Age 30, married ; fifteen years' experience in good places. •
Can be highly recommended.- G. BAKER, Barton Nursery,
Torquay.

GARDENER, with or without assistance.—
Age 28, married; life-experience in Fruit, Flowers,
and Vegetables. Excellent character.— HEATH, Belle Vue,
Earley, Reading.

GARDENER (Good Working).— Age 39,
married ; well up in Fruit, Vegetables, Flowers, and
Forcing, could grow- for Market, Land, and Stock. Good
character. North or Midlands preferred.— A. B., HumpheryV
Library, Burnt A*di Road, London, S,E.

September 14, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

315

GARDENER and STEWARD, or GAR-
DENER- a"e 44, married, no family.— A. Hutchison,
Gardener to the Right Hon. Earl of Shannon, desires a re-
BMaeement. Having thorough knowledge of his business,
irSurW Early and Late Forcing Fruits, Flowers, and Vege-
tables also Management of extensive demesne. Perfectly
understands Land and Stock. Protestant. - Castlemartyr
Gardens, CO. Cork.

GARDENER (Single-handed), or would
take any place of trust.— Age 43, married, no children ;
. good references.— Address, first instance, F. B., Chilton Mill,
Hungerford.

GARDENER (Single-handed), or where
assistance is given.— Age 30, married, two children;
nderstauds Vines, Cucumbers, Tomato-*, Mushrooms, Kitchen
(Garden, Poultry, and Stock.-J. PACK, 92, Paradise Road,
i'ciapham, S.W.

GARDENER (Single-handed), or otherwise.
—Age 26, married, no family ; wife good Laundress, if
'required Nine years' experience iu all branches, Highly
•recommended. — ' W. G.. The Woodlands, Pipewell, near
Kettering.

GARDENER (Single-handed or Second),
where several are kept.— Age 24 ; understands Glass,
iKitchen Garden, &c. Good character.— WILLIAM SMITH,
Telegraph Place, Hitchin.

GARDENER (Single-handed), or Second,
where several are kept.— Age 22, single ; understands
Kitchen and Flower Garden, Vines, Ferns, &c. Four years'
sxcellent character from present employer. — W. SMITH,
I. H. Tuke, Esq., Hitchin, Herts.

GARDENER (Second, or Single-handed). —
Single ; total abstainer. Ten and a half years' exped-
ience. Good character.— J. WELLS, South Farm, Worthing,
[Sussex.

GARDENER (Second, or Single-handed).
— Age 22, married ; six and a half years' experience.
Good reference.— B. 0. BETHELL, Warnford Park Gardens,
LHants.

GARDENER (Second or Single-handed). —
Age 24, single ; eleven and a half years' experience.
(Understands Vines, Melons, Cucumbers, Stove and Greenhouse
Plants. Highest references.— H. MASON, The Gardens.
Cliffe Castle, Keighley, Yorkshire.

f\ ARDENER (Second). — Age 23 ; two

VJT years in last and five in previous good places. Good
recommendations.— H. WITHEY, Handsworth, Sheffield.

GARDENER (Second), Inside and Out.— Age
2(5; bothy. Steady, sober, and industrious. Good
character and references. — A. S., The Oaks Gardens, near
Epsom, Surrey.

GARDENER (Second, or good Third), in
Gentleman's Garden.— Age 20. Gentleman going abroad
'wishes to recommend as above. Abstainer.— STAPLEHURST,
i Jakfield, Tne.Avenue, Gipsy Hill.

G1 ARDENER (Under).— Age 23; respeot-
T able. Has had eight years' experience, Inside and Out.
Two years' good character.— H. WELLS, 48, Stanley Road,
TBromley, Kent.

N~~ URSERY MANAGER. — Thirty years'
active practice in all departments of leading Nurseries.
(Excellent testimonials.— J. MUNRO, St. Mary's, King's Lynn.

To Nurserymen.

FOREMAN, or MANAGER.— Age 36;
thorough practical ; has been Foreman in Large Nurseries
'for thirteen years. —T. ELLIS, Foreman, The Nurseries, West
Wickham, Kent.

~~T\)REMAN, or GARDENER, where more are

Jm- kept.— Age 27; eleven years' experience, five years as
'Foreman. Highly recommended by present and previous em-
ployers.—C. DAVIES, Beckett, Shrivenham.

To Nurserymen.

FOREMAN, or First under Glass. — Ten years'
experience iu first-cla^-s Nurseries. Well up in Wreaths,
Crosses, &c. — J. OWEN, Rose Villa Nurseries, High Harrogate.

FOREMAN, Inside, in a good establishment. —
Eleven years' experience ; present situation four years.
Good references.— A. ROBINSON, The Gardens, Wetherby
Grange, Yorkshire.

FOREMAN. — Age 26; thirteen years' expe-
rience in good situations. Active and obliging. Three
years as Foreman in last situation. Can be highly recommended.
I — W. COOK, The Gardens, Holmwood, Wimborne, Dorset.

To Nurserymen.

FOREMAN.— Well up in Growing Roses,
Carnations, Chrysanthemums, and general Nursery stuff.
.Sixteen years' practical experience. — H. J., I, Griffith's Ter-
race, Faulkner Street, Bishopfields, Chester.

To Market Gardeners.

FOREMAN.— Well up in Cucumbers, Tomatos,
Mushrooms, and Fruit Growing, Forcing, &c. Fair
knowledge of Plants. Northern or Midland Counties. — Par-
ticulars to A. B. C, Humphrey's Library, Lee, S.E.

FOREMAN; age 25.— J. C. Cowley, wishes
to recommend F. Oliver as above. Three years' cha-
I racter from present situation. Knowledge of Orchids, Stove
and Greenhouse, Fruit and Kitchen Garden.— F. OLIVER,
The Gardens, Studley House, Goldhawk Road, W.

FOREMAN; age 25.— E. Beckett, Gardener
to H. H. Gibbs, Esq., will have every confidence in re-
commending his First Journeyman as above, where Gardening
is well carried out. Strong, active, and trustworthy, has been
employed here four nnd-a-half years.— F. HEEREMANS, The
Gardens, Aldenham House, Elstree.

T^OREMAN, in the Houses, or GENERAL

A FOREMAN in a good establishment.— Fourteen years"
experience iu all branches. Furnishing included. Highest
references.— C. TAYLOR. 8, Telegraph Road, Petersfield, Hants

NURSERY FOREMAN.— Good at Orna-
mental Flower Work, Cork, &c. Many years expe-
rience.—ADVERTISER, 1, Ford Street, Chapel Street, Salford.

NURSERY FOREMAN.— Well-up in Cycla-
men, Pelargonium, Carnation, and Picotee Growing,
&C. Thirteen years in the Trade.— T. K., 4, Raglan Cottages,
Shernhall Street, Walthamstow.

FOREMAN, or Second, in a good establish-
ment.—Age 27; experienced in all branches. Good
character. — A. B., Mr. E. Bennett, High Street, Ponder's End,
Middlesex.

FOREMAN, or Second, in Gentleman's Estab-
lishment.—Age 24 ; eight years' experience in good
places, well recommended. Abstainer. — FOREMAN, Grey's
Road, Henley-on-Thames, Oxon.

To Nurserymen,

FOREMAN, or GROWER. — Twenty-five
years' practical experience in Cut and Plant Trade for
Market in London Nurseries. Good references. — M. M.,
3, Shirley Cottage, Sidcup, Kent.

To Nurserymen and Florists.

FOREMAN, PROPAGATOR, or GROWER.
— Many years' practical experience as Plantsman, includ-
ing Hard-wooded Plants, and General Market Stuff. Excel-
lent character.— R. W., 7, Cromwell Terrace, Danbrook Road,
South Streatham, S.W.

To Nurserymen.

FOREMAN, or PROPAGATOR and
GROWER. — Age 30 ; eighteen years' practical experience.
Crosses, Wreaths, Bouquets, and Decorating. Go^d references.
— A. B., 30, Cartland Road, Sparkbrook, Birmingham.

FOREMAN, or FIRST JOURNEYMAN, in
Private E=tablishment.— Age 24 ; eight years' expe-
rience, Inside and Out. Excellent testimonials. Can be well
recommended. — A. NICHOLSON, Drayton Road, Sipson, via
Slough.

PROPAGATOR and GROWER. — Age 2S,
married ; thoroughly practical, good all round. Thirteen
vears sound experience in the trade. Please state wages. —
G. ARCHER, li". Stamford Terrace, Stoke Newington, N.

PROPAGATOR and GROWER (Good) of
Plants, Choice Cut Flowers, including Roses, Bouvar-
dias, Eucharis, Lilies, Arums, Bulbs, Ferns, &c. ; also Grape?,
Tomatos, Cucumbers, and Mushrooms. — R., 5, Old Road, East
Grinstead.

To Nurserymen.

PROPAGATOR (Assistant), and GROWER.
— Age 22 ; six years' experience in first-class Nurseries.
Well up in Wreaths, Bouquets, &e. — A. ,31, Cedar Street, Derby.

PLANT GROWER for Market, Undeb, Fore-
man, or otherwise. — Age 21 ; well-up in the work. Good
character from present employer.— E. BRIDGE, 3, Albert
Terrace, King Road, Upper Teddington.

JOURNEYMAN (First). — Age 23; nine
years' experience in all branches under Glass. Private
Establishment preferred. Good recommendations from previous
and present Head Gardeners. — H. MORRIS, Sipson, via Slough.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, under a
Foreman. — Age 20 ; three-and-a-half years' good char-
acter. Bothy preferred. — H., 57, Alfred Road, Harrow Road, W.

JOURNEYMAN, Inside, or Inside and Out.—
Age 21 ; six years' and a half experience. Good charac-
ters. Abstainer.— F. TOMS, H. Toms, Park Street, Hatfield,
Herts.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 10;
can be highly recommended by present employer. Four
years' good character from hist place. — E. MORRIS, 13, Park
Road, Doncaster.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, under a
foreman. — Age 22 ; ten years' experience in Gardening.
Good character. — A. P., New Lodge, Rowfant, near Crawley,
Sussex,

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— E. Hindhy,
The Gardens, Llendworth, can thoroughly recommend
W. Goodchild, who is leaviug through death.— W. GOOD-
CHILD, Catherington, Horndean, Hants.

JOURNEYMAN, Indoors. — Age 19; four
years' experience. Good character. — E. AKER.MAN,
Woodbine Cottage. Fifth Cross Roads. Twickenham.

To Nurserymen.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age L»0 ;
highly respectable, and well recommended. Accus-
tomed to Watering, Tying, Propagating, chiefly among Soft-
wooded Plants. Active and obliging.— A. B., Park Nursery,
Wartling, near Hastings.

JOURNEYMEN, in good establishment, with
a good knowledge of Inside Work. — J. McPnux, The
Gardens, Sipson, via Slough, can highly recommend two young
men (age lit), as above. They are respectable, steady, and
good workmen. Will be pleased to answer any questions
respecting them.— Address as above.

TMPROVER, in a Gentleman's Garden.— A

A Lad (age 17), strong. Would pay a Premium to any one
taking him.— WILLIAM, T. Trussler, Enfield, Middlesex.

TMPROVER, in a good garden.— Age 18;

A tall and strong ; Churchman; good character. — W.
SIMCOE, Mears Ashby, Northampton.

TMPROVER; Inside.— Age 18; three years'

A experience. H. Wingrove, The Gardens, Rousham Park,
Steeple Aston, Oxon, wishes to recommend a young man as
above,

TMPROVERS under Glass —J. McPhun, the

A Gardens, Sipson, via Slough, can highly recommend Two
young Men, age 18, as above. Respectable, steady, and good
workers, will be pleased to answer any questions respecting
them. — Address as above.

TO NURSERYMEN.— Thoroughly practical

-L and experienced Man. Age 36, single. Employment in
good Jobbing or General Nursery Work ; constant. Well up
in Glass. Good character.— A. B., 159, Broadhurst Gardens,
West Hampstead, N.W.

TO NURSERYMEN.— Wanted, situation in

X Nursery. Six years' experience. Well up in General
Work, Inside. Good references. — Age 20. — G. PARKS,
Cemetery Road, Hailsham, Sussex.

TO NURSERYMEN.— A place in the Houses,

X well up in Ferns and Flowering Stuffs. Age 30 ; single,
sixteen years' experience.— A. B., 1, Percy Villas, Birkbeck
Road, Beckenham, Kent.

TO GARDENERS, &c— Young man (age 21),
seeks a situation under Glass. Six years' experience.
Good character. Total abstainer. State wages.— C. WOOD-
COCK, Engine House, Turnford, near Broxbourne, Herts.

TO NURSERYMEN, near London.— Adver-
tiser seeks re-engagement to Grow Grapes, Tomatos,
Cucumbers, Cut Flowers, and Plants in quantity.— W. N.,
Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand,
London, W.C.

TO NURSERYMEN.— Wanted by a young

A. Man (age 23), a situation in a Market Nursery; quick
at Potting, Watering, &c— F. CANE, Lay ton's Lane, Sunbury,
Middlesex.

TO GARDENERS, &c— T. Canning, Alden-

A ham Park Gardens, Bridgenorth, Salop, will be pleased
to recommend a young man (age 20), Indoors or Out. Very
strong, willing, and obliging.

TO GENTLEMEN and GARDENERS.—
Wanted, by a young man (age 19), a situation in a
Gentleman's Garden, where he would gain experience under
Glass as well as Outdoors ; seven years in present situation.
Good character.— C. CHUBB, Weyhill, Andover.

rVO GARDENERS and NURSERYMEN.—

A Wanted, situation in Garden or Nursery. Good general
experience in Market Nurseries. Small knowledge of Seed
Business. Good testimonials. — GAYTON, Prospect Nursery,
Hornsey, N.

TO NURSERYMEN.— Wanted for a Lad of
seventeen, a situation in a first-class Nursery, with a
view to his acquiring a general Kuowledge of the Bus ness.
He is strong, industrious, and obliging, and has had two
years' experience. — ARTHUR, Mr. Saunders, Chemist, North
Road, Highgate, N.

Sped Tridp

MANAGER, or HEAD SHOPMAN. —
Married ; eighteen years' practical experience. Whole-
sale and Retail. — X. Y. Z., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41,
Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

SHOPMAN. — Age 32, married; seventeen

O years' experience in London and Provinces. Can be well
recommended. — X. Y., 7, Ryehill Cottages, Kirkewhite Street,
Nottingham.

SHOPMAN (Assistant). — Age 21 ; over three
years' experience in a First-cla-s London Seed Firm.
London preferred. Good references. — B., Mr. Reader, Colling-
wood, Farnborough Station.

PASHIER, BUOK - KEEPER, CORRE-

KJ SPONDING CLERK.— A thoroughly reliable man of
many years' experience in large firms, requires re-engagement
as; above. — O., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington
Street, Strand, W.C.

CARPENTER, PAINTER, GLAZIER.—
Married ; experienced Jobbing Hand, accustomed to
Hot-house Work, Wheelwrighting if necessary, on Estate, or
Otherwise. Six years' present reference. — CLARK, Carpenter,
High Cross, Framfield, Sussex.

O FLORISTS.— Wanted, by an experienced

young Lady, engagement in tirst-class Florist's Business.
Good references. — Florist, 9, West Street, Colchester.

OLLOWAY'S PILLS— Teachings of Ex-

perience. — The united testimony of thousands, extend-
ing over more than 50 years, mo^t strongly recommend these
Pills as the best purifiers, the mildest aperients, and the surest
restoratives. They never prove delusive, or give merely
temporary relief, but attack all ailments of the stomach,
lunga, heart, head, and bowels in the only safe and legitimate
way, by depurating the blood, and so eradicating those im-
purities which are the source and constituent of almost every
disease, Their medicinal efficacy is wonderful in renovating
enfeebled constitutions. Their action embraces all that is de-
Mr.il 1> in a household medicine. They expel every noxious
and effete matter ; and thus the strength is nurtured and the
energies stimulated.

316

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 14, 1889.

BOULTON & PAUL,

HORTICULTURAL
BUII'lERS

NORWICH.

No. 73. — SPAN-ROOF GARDEN FRAME.

Length. Width

1 Light Frame, 4 ft. by 6 ft

8
12
16
20
24

by 6
by 6
by 6
by 6
by 6

Cash
Prices.

Carriage
and

Packing
FREE.

£2 17

4 7

5 17

7 7

8 17
10 7

CARRIAGE is paid to any station in England and Wales,
to Dublin, Cork, Derry, Glasgow, and Edinburgh, or stations
equivalent. CATALOGUES POST-FREE.

JAS. BOYD & SONS.

Horticultural Bu[lpers
and Heating Engineers,

PAISLEY.

HORTICULTURAL
STRUCTURES

of every description,

in either Wood or Iron,

or both combined.

Wooden Chapels,

Shooting Lodges, Cottages,

Tennis Courts, Verandahs, &c.

Hotr water Apparatus

for warming Churches,

Schools, Public Buildings,

Mansions, Harness Rooms,

Drying Rooms, Hothouses, and

Buildings of every Description.

Illustrated Circulars
Post-free.

Complete Catalogue, 3s.

CHARLES FRAZER'S EXECUTORS,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, NORWICH.

/Cash Prices,'
' CARRIAGE

No. 55.— Span-roof Garden Frame.

The illustration shows a Frame 8 feet by 6 feet. Made of
good redwood deal, sides and ends \\ inch thick, painted three
coats of oil colour; lights 2 inches thick, glazed with 21-oz.
sheet gliss. Height of sides, 14 inches. Height at ridge,
32 inches. The lights are hinged and fitted with " Registered"
Set-opes, which safely support them for ventilation, &c, and
the hinges are so formed that the lights can be turned quite
over, or taken off at pleasure.

Length. Width.

1 Light Frame, 4 feet by <6 feet

2 ,, ,, S feet by ti feet

3 „ ,, 12 feet by 6 feet

4 ,, ,, 16 feet by 6 feet

5 ,, ,, 20 feet by 6 feet

6 ,, ,, 24 feet by 6 feet
Carriage Paid to all Goods Stations in England and Wales, also

to Edinburgh. Glasgow, Dublin and Belfast, and equal Stations.
New Illustrated Catalogue of Conservatories, Greenhouses,
Garden Frames, Poultry Houses, Dog Kennels, &c, post-free
for six stamps.

BE D S T E A D S. — For the use of
Domestic Servauts, Children, and Institutions, we
sold during 18.-tS. of our D design BEDSTEADS and WOODS'
PATENT WOVEN STEEL WIRE MATTRESSES combined,
3200. Carriage paid to any Railway Station. Liberal Dis-
count. Send for a " Book of French and Persian Designs," to
THE LONGFORD WIRE CO. (Limited), Warrington.

HOS. W. ROBINS

Dennis Park Ironworks, Stourbridge.

O N,

4-in. Expansion Joint Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 45. 3d. each ;

4-in. Socket Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4s. 6d. each.

Illustrated revised Price List on application, free.

Telescopic Ladders.
Telescopic Steps.

^Hp-i Telescopic Trestles.

4^\^( Convertible Ladder Steps.

°^wf Universal Step Ladders.

JT .. Turnover Step Ladders.

^X.< Folding Pole Ladders.

s Lattice Steps, very light.

Umpire's Step Chairs.

Great variety of designs
and sizes. Sizes 5ft. to 60ft.
Order direct, carriage paid.
Price Lists free.

HEATHMAN & CO.,

2, ENDELL STREET ; and
11, HIGH STREET,

LONDON, W.C.
Q IX CABINET PORTRAITS, 3s. ; three for 2s.

O Twelve Carte Portraits, 2s. 2d. ; six for Is. id. Eight-
inch Enlargement, 3s.; three for 6s. Send Carte or Cabinet
and Postal Order, and you will promptly receive Highly-
finished Copies, with Origioal.

FRANCIS and CO.. 29. Ludgate Hill, London, E.C.

GARDEN REQUISITE S.—
Sticks, Labels, Virgin Cork, Raffia. Mats, Bamboo
Canes Rustic Work, Manures, &.c. Cheapest Prices of
WATSON and SCULL, 90. Lower Thames Street, Lonnon, E.C.

HILL & SMITH,

BRIERLEV HILL, NEAR DUDLEY,

AND at 118, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, E.C.

IRON FENCINC, HURDLES, CATES, &c.

IRON ROOFINC AND HAY BARNS.

Special Estimates given tor Large Contracts in Fencing,
Rooting, &c. Personal Surveys of Estates made, and practical
advice given as to the best and most economical Fences to put
down.

Illustrated Catalogues Free by Post.

RICHARDSON'S

HORTICULTURAL

BUILDINGS

Fixed in any part of the Kingdom with
Hotr water Apparatus complete.

CATALOGUE

FREE.

Best Work
guaranteed, and
at Lowest Prices.

NORTH OF ENGLAND

HORTICULTURAL WOR1

DARLINGTON

BECKETT BROS.,

CHELMSFORD.

Price Lists. Plans, and Estimates Fr**e.

GLASS. CHEAP GLASS.

88. 6d. per 100 feet 16 oz. 12x10, 18X12, 18x14, 24X14,
14x12. 20X12, 18X16, 24x16,
12S. per 100 feet 21 oz. ... 16x12, 16X14, 20X 16, 24x18, &c.

All kinds of PAINTS at very low prices.
FLOORING at 7s. 3d. per square ; MATCHING at os. 9d. ;
3x9at2»i. per foot run; 2x4at£d; MOULDINGS, IRON-
MONGERY, &c. Catalogues on application to

THE CHEAP WOOD COMPANY, 72, Bishopsgate Street
Within, London. E.C.

CHEAP FRAMES.

PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES.

6 feet long, 3 feet wide

6 feet „ 4 feet „
12 feet „ 4 feet „

6 feet „ 5 feet „
12 feet „ 5 feet ,. \

Larger sizes at proportionate prices.

R. HALLIDAY & CO.,

Hothouse Builders :md Engineers, Royal Horticultural Works,

Middleton, Manchester.

London Agent— Mr. H.^keltos, Seedsman, &c, 2, Holloway
Road, N.

£ s.

2 0

Packing

2 10

Cases )

4 7

FREE.

3 10

5 17

Editorial Communications should be addressed to " The Editor;" Advertisements and Business Letters to " The Publisher," at the Office, 41. Wellington Street, Covent Garden, Loudon, W.C

Printed by William Richards, at the Office of Messrs. Bradbury/, Agnew, & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City of London, in the County of Middlesex, and published by the ;

aid Wilham Riuhard3 at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County.— Saturday, September 14, 1889. Agent for ManchestT— John Heywood. .

Established 1841

No. 2543.

No. 143.— Vol. VI. {£%£} SATUKDAY, SEPTEMBER 21, 1889.

/Reet. as a Newspaper. J PRICE 3d*
\WITH SUPPLEMENT.! POST-FREE, 3J<2.

CONTENTS.

Allamanda violacea ... 333

Bean show 331

Botanic Garden in the

Alps 324

Boyes', Orchids at Mr. ... 325
, British Association ... 332
Bulbophyllum sanato-
rium 324

Bull's, Orchids at Mr. ... 325

Camellias 3^7

Codlin moth, remedy for 3^2

Dahlias, Cactus ... ... 333

Desfontainea spinosa,

fruiting of 333

Evolution, early indica-
tion of 333

Flower garden 3^9

Foreign correspondence . 327
Fro-t, early ... 330, 334

Fruit-growing in England 330

Fungus foray 32-3

Gardening appointments 342

Hardy fruit garden ... 329

Herbaceous border ... 32tS

Jarrah-wood 332

Kitchen garden 329

Lcelio-Cattleya Stella ... 322

Lane & Sons' nursery ... 332
Law notes —

Hawkins r. Ware ... 337

Peaches

Lilies at Mr. Bull's
Manso. the Bee...
New Guinea
Nuffield Priory,

Orchid notes

Orchids, list of garden ...
Palms in Madeira

Paris, gardens of

Peas after Daffodils

Plant notes

Plants aud their culture
Poinsettias dying off ...
Societies —

Brighton

Edinburgh

Newcastle

Royal Horticultural ...

Stirling

Stock-taking

Sunflowers, double

Tigridia Pringlei

Tongues in trees...
Treei, property in

Umberslade Hall

Vanda Kimballiana

Vegetables

Veitch's, Orchids

Messrs

Weather, the

331
331
330

324

324
323
330
326
333
327
3 '8
333

336
335
336
334
336
331
334
322
321
332
323
333
327

324

337

Illustrations.

Alpine Botanic Garden, views in an 325, 328

Palms in Madeira. (See Supplement.)

Vanda Kimballiana 335

Advertisers are specially requested to note, that,
under no circumstances whatever, can any
particular position be guaranteed for ad-
vertisements occupying less space than an
entire column.

Now ready. In cloth, lis. 6<L

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
Vol. V., Third Series, JAN. to JUNE, 1889.
W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

mHE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

JL IN AMERICA.

The Subscription to America, including Postage, is $4.30 for
Twelve Months.

Agent for America :— E. H. LIBBY, " The American Garden,"
761, Broadway, New York, to whom American Orders may
be sent.

YSTAL P-ALACE.

GREAT AUTUMN EXHIBITION of FRUIT.

OCTOBER 10 to 12.

Admission daily, Is. Entries Close on Thursday, October 3.

Schedules and Entry Forms on application to

Mr. W. G. HEAD, Superintendent, Gardens Department,

Crystal Palace, S.E.

CRc

STRAWBERRY RUNNERS for FRUITING
NEXT SEASON.— Thury, Paxton, President, and other
favourite varieties. Descriptive LIST, with prices, on appli-
cation. Sample of plants, post-free, 3d.

W. LOVELL and SON, Strawberry Planters, Driffield.

STRAWBERRIES a Specialty.
O A. F. BARRON, turned out of pots, 25s. per 100.

,, Runners 205. per 100.

NOBLE, turned out of pots 16s. per 100.

,, Runners 10s. per 100.

Sixteen varieties grown. Warranted first-class plants.
R. GILBERT, Hi-h Park, Stamford.

RHUBARB.— 20,000 large Roots, ten years
oil, suitable for forcing. £i per 100, on rail. Cash with
order. J. J. CLARK, West Brighton, Sussex.

SUTTON'S BULBS, Genuine Only direct
from SUTTON AND SONS, Reading. SUTTON'S BULB
CATALOGUE is Now Ready. Price 6d. Post free.

'* Those w ho are anxious to obtain a. good display of flowers
during the dark days of winter and early spring will soon be
potting Hyacinths, Tulips, and other Bulbs, and it is to pre-
pare for this busy season that Messrs. Sutton & Sous, the
leading Seedsmen, have published their annu »1 Bulb Catalogue.
As is usual with Messrs. Sutton's publications, this Catalogue
is thorough and genuinely useful. The met iod of classifica-
tion and lucid descriptions render it an easy task to distinguish
suitable varieties, and make a good selection. The Catalogue,
which is fully illustrated, contains a superbly coloured plate
of Sutton's 'Matchless 'set of five Hyacinths." Western Times,
August 31, 18S9."

Complete Priced LIST of Sutton's Bulbs gratis,
on applic tion to ...

SUTTON axd SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen. READING.

rpOR SALE, ADIANTUM FARLEYENSIS.

-L Twenty large Plants, in 8-inch pots, splendid stuff, from
10s. 6rf. each.— R. WILSON, Mitchelstown Castle, co. Cork.

DUTCH BULBS! — BULBS!— BULBS!—
Hyacinths, Tulips Narcissi, Crocuses, Anemones, Ra-
nunculus, Lilies, and all other Bulbous Plants and Roots.
Goods delivered entirely free of auy charge at destination in
Great Britain and Ireland. No picking charges. The most
favourable and easy terms ever offered. Only the finest roots,
guaranteed true to name, supplied at lowest prices. Beauti-
fully illustrated English CATALOGUE for Amateurs, gratis
and post-free on application to VAX MEERBEEK AND CO.,
Growers, Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland.

LILIES OF THE VALLEY!
English-grown I
The best for early forcing, finest large flowers, and superior
in every respect to German crowns. Price per 1000, 10,000. to
100,000 on application.

T. JANNOCH, Lily of the Valley Grower bySpecial Appoint-
ment to H.R.H. The Prince of Wales, Dersingham, King's
Lynn, Norfolk.

PEACHES, FIGS, GRAPES, CUCUMBERS,
TOMATOS, &c. Highest Market Prices guaranteed.
Prompt Cash. —HENRY RIDES. Covent Garden.

Surplus Cut Flowers.

HOOPER and CO. (Limited) RECEIVE and
DISPOSE of any quantity of above at best Market
Prices. Boies, &c, supplied. — Address, Commission Depart-
ment. HOOPER asd CO. (Limited), Covent Garden, W.C.

JW. BARNHAM (late of Squelch &
• Barnham) RECEIVES OX COMMISSION. GRAPES,
TOMATOS, and other Choice FRUITS ; also FLOWERS. His
personal attention securing highest Market Prices. Account
Sales daily, and cheques at option. Baskets and labels found.
Long Market, Covent Garden, W.C.

MESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS,
NURSERYMEX. Sidcup, and 285, 286, 287, 288, Flower
Market, Covent Garden, London. W.C, are open to RECEIVE
CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS in any quantity
for their Commission Department. Boxes and Labels supplied.
Telegraph Address — " COMMISSION, SIDCUP."

HENRY SQUELCH (late Squelch & Barn-
ham) RECEIVES CONSIGNMENTS of good Black
Grapes, Muscats. Cucumbers, Tornatos, and Beans; also all
kinds ot choice Hothouse Flowers. H. Squelch's trade being
especially for First-class Hothou<e Produce, and he having a
connection amongst the best Houses in London and Country, is
able to command highest Market Prices. Account Sales fur-
nished daily, and accounts settled weekly, or as desired.
Empties and Labels Supplied. B inkers' and other references.
North Row, Covent Garden Market, W.C.

WANTED, DRACAENA TERMINALIS,
Plants with long stems, for stock. — Length of stems,
and price, to B. H., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington
Street, Strand, W.C.

WANTED, GERANIUM CUTTINGS.—
Amy Hogg, West Brighton, McMahon, Vesuvius, B'jou,
Christine, and others. — State lowest price to

J. E. DDCON, Seedsman, Gainsborough.

ANTED, CALCEOLARIA GOLDEN

GEM CUTTINGS. Sample and price per 1000 to
G. PHIPPEN, Nurseryman, Reading.

FOR SALE, 100 TEA ROSES, from 2 to 5 ft ,
best sorts, 2s. <6d. to 7s. 6rf. each, or offer for the lot.
Stamford Hill Nursery N.

T-iUnm Wallichlanum superbum, Lillum nepalensis,
In Bud. totrun^ flams.

HUGH LOW and CO. offer the above at
7s. 6rf. and 10s. Qd. each. They are the grand Lilies
exhibited recently, and v hicti obtained Certificates.
Clapton Nursery, London, N.E.

BARR'S NEW DAFFODIL
"MRS. GEORGE CAMMELL," The Great Sptnish
Beauty. Amongst Daffodils this is the most distinct in cha-
racter, and the most refined in beauty ; perfectly hardy. 21s,
per dozen, 2s. each ; extra larg^ bulbs, 30s. per dozen, 3s. each,

Barr's General Bulb Catalogue free on applicition.

Barr's Daffodil and Plant Catalogue free on application.

Barr's Rare Species of Crocus and Meadow Saffron List on
application.
BARR and SON, 12 and 13, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

Camellias, Azaleas, Rhododendrons, Palms, Orchids,

&c. Plants grown specially for English use.

CVUYLSTEKE, Nurseryman,
• Loochristy. Ghent, Belgium.

Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and may be had,
free on application to
Messrs. R. SILBERRAD and SON, 25, Savage Gardens,
Crutched Friars, London, E.C.

HURST and SON have still a very fine stock
of ROMAN HYACINTHS, LILIUM CANDIDUM,
Paper-white NARCISS, and other forcing BULBS; also a
complete assortment of DUTCH and ENGLISH BULBS, in-
cluding Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocus, Snowdrops, Narcissus,
8- , &c, at extremely moderate prices.

* TALOGUES and special offers on application.
Seed Warehouse, 152, Houndsditch, London, E.C.

>UTCH BULBS.— Our first importations are

to hand, in splendid condition, at prices to suit all.
CATALUGUES gratis and post-free.
HUMPHRYS AND HF.ALE, 107, Holloway Road, N.

Just harvested In splendid condition, a fine sample of
'PRLb'OLIUM INCARNATUM, English Seed.

JL Sample and Price very low of

HARRISON and SONS, Seed Growers. Leicester.

New Catalogues.

CHARLES TURNER'S New and Descriptive
CATALOGUES are now ready, and will be se"nt free on
application, viz. :— A CATALOGUE of Dutch and other Bulbs,
also CATALOGUE of Carnations. Cloves, Pirotees, Pinks, &c.
The Royal Nurseries. Slough.

PLANTING SEASON. — FRUIT TREES,
COB NUTS, FOREST TREES, and SHRUBS. Several
thousand for sale, all well rooted, strong and healthy. — Apply,
TODDINGTON ORCHARD CO., Winchcomb, Gloucestershire.

Strawberries, from the Garden of England.

GEORGE BUN YARD and CO. can now
offer very fine Runners and Plants in small pots of all
the finest kinds. LIST free.

Old Nurseries, Maidstone.

TRAWBERRIES.— Leading kinds, in 3|-inch

pots, for immediate Planting or Potting on for Forcing.
Send for LIST.

FRANCIS R. KINGHORN. Sheen Nurseries, Richmond,
Surrey ; and Flower Market, Covent Garden, W.C.

SENT GRATIS. —WOOD and SON'S
interesting Pamphlet on Fertilizing Moss. Most valu-
able information on Plant and Bnlb Culture.

WOOD and SON, Wood Green, N.

THOMSON'S IMPROVED VINE and PLANT
MANURE. — This valuable Manure is made only by us.
Every bag and tin has our name on it. To be had of all Nursery
aud Seedsmen, and direct from us. 1 cwt. and over carnage
paid. London Agent— Mr. GEORGE, 10, Victoria Road, Putney.
WM. THOMSON and SONS. Clovenfords, Galashiels, N.B.

HRYSANTHEMU M CULTURE.—

Standen's Manure, admitted by growers to be unrivalled
for this purpose ; in tins, U., 2s. 6rf., 5s. 6rf., and lus. 6d. each.
Sold by all Seedsmen.

318

TEE GABDENEES' CEBONICLE.

[September 21, 1889.

SALES by AUCTION.

Dutch Bulbs.

GREAT UNRESERVED SALES, every MONDAY, WEDNES-
DAY, THURSDAY, and SATURDAY.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67
and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C., every MONDAY*, WED-
NESDAY, THURSDAY, and SATURDAY, at half- past
11 o'clock each day, extensive consignments of first-class
HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUS, NARCISSUS, and other
BULBS, from Holland, lotted to suit the Trade and Private
Buyers.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

The First Portion of the Entire Stock of Established

ORCHIDS, by order of Mr. J. E. Bonny, -who is relin-
quishing the business, and disposing of the Nursery.
FOR SALE ENTIRELY WITHOUT RESERVE.
Important to Gentlemen forming Collections.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Mr. J. E. Bonny, to SELL by AUCTION,
at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 63, Cheapside, London,
E.C., on FRIDAY NEXT, September 27. at half-past 12 o'clock
precisely, the first portion of the entire collection of unusually
well-grown ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS. Mr. Bonny has the
reputation of being one of the best Orchid growers in the
country, and the whole of the plants offered are particularly
clean and healthy.

N.B.— The LEASE of the NURSERY is FOR DISPOSAL.
There are 6 GREENHOUSES, all admirably heated ; Stables,
and 1 Acre of Ground ; held at the very moderate rental of £20
per annum.

Full particulars of Messrs. PROTHEROE AUD MORRIS.

Orchids in Flower.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
include in their SALE, on FRIDAY' NEXT, a quantity
of ORCHIDS in FLOWER. Spaces will be reserved for
including additional plants that may be brought up on the
morning of Sale. 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C.

Friday, October 4.
Important to the Trade and large Buyers.
600 Well-grown CATTLEYAS, by order of Mr. G. T. White,
who is reluctantly compelled to offer the plants for abso-
lute sale to avoid building this autumn.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL by AUCTION at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and
68, Cheapside, E.C, on FRIDAY, October 4, at half-past 12
o'clock precisely, 500 well-grown established plants of CATT-
LEYA MENDELII, MOS3I2E, &c, together with a fine lot of
COOLHOUSE PLANTS in variety, all in flower, and for Sale
without the least reserve.

Southbourne-on-Sea.— Preliminary Notice.

About 1J mile from Christchurch and Boscombe Stations,
and 3 miles from Bournemouth.

Great CLEARANCE SALE of the whole of the GREEN-
HOUSE and STOVE PLANTS, NURSERY STOCK,
GREENHOUSES, the erection of a large Winter Garden,
HORSES, CARTS, and Utensils-in-Trade, by order of the
Southbourne Winter Gardens Company, who are relin-
quishing their business.

MESSKS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS (in
conjunction with Messrs. McEWAN, BROWN, and
WYATl1) are instructed to SELL by AUCTION, on the
Premises, The Winter Gardens, Southbourne-on-Sea, and the
Boscombe Nursery, Boscombe, on TUESDAY, October 3, and
three following days, the whole of the well-grown stock. The
special attention of the Trade is called to the extensive stock
of AZALEAS, DENDROBIUM NOBILE, GARDENIAS,
ARUM LILIES, &c, grown especially for market purposes.
Full particulars will appear in next week's Advertisement.

Woking.

PRELIMINARY NOTICE.
CLEARANCE SALE of 3 Acres of NURSERY STOCK, in con-
sequence of the expiration of Lease of this portion of their
Nursery, by order of Messrs. J. Holdforth & Son.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL by AUCTION, ou the Premises, the Sander's Lane
Nursery, Woking, 1 mile from Woorlesden Station, on TUES-
DAY and WEDNESDAY, October 8 and 9, at 12 o'clock each
day, the whole of the unusually well-grown NURSERY STOCK
standing upon this portion of their Nursery.

Catalogues had of Auctioneers as above.

Borrowash. near Derby.

Iniportaut to Noblemen, Gentlemen, and Others desirous of
obtaining beautifully grown specimen CONIFERS for
effective growing.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Messrs. W. Barron & Son to SELL by
AUCTION on the Premises the Elevator Nurserie?, Borrowash,
Derby, on WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY, October 9 and 10,
at II o'clock each day, a large quantity of beautifully grown
NURSERY STOCK, carefully prepared for removal, including
a great variety of choice and rare specimen CONIFERS, for
which the Nursery has been so long noted.

Fuller particulars will appear next week,

Sunntngdale, near Bagshot.

GRSAT CLEARANCE SALE of NURSERY STOCK, by
order of Mr. C. Noble, who has unexpectedly received from
St. John's College, Cambridge, peremptory notice to quit
all lands held under them.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Mr. C. Noble, to SELL by AUCTION,
without reserve, on the Premises, The Nurseries, Sunuingdale,
ou MONDAY, October 14, and several following days, about
30 acres of thriving young NURSERY STOCK, which must be
cleared, and th*1 greater portion of which has been planted
within two years, presenting a grand opportunity to Nursery-
men and other Large Consumers to secure large quantities of
useful stock at auction prices.

Further particulars will shortly appear.

Preliminary Notice.

The well-known Collection of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS,
formed by the late C. J. Partington, Esq., of Heaton
House, Cheshuut, and including undoubtedly the finest lot
of Phalsenopsis that has been offered for many years.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS beg
to announce that they have been favoured with
instructions to prepare for SALE by AUCTION, on
OCTOBER 22 and 23, the above well-known Collection of
ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, including an exceptionally fine
lot of Phalsenopsis, the whole of the plants being remarkably
well grown, aud in excellent condition. The Collection also
includes a very fine batch of Cattleya Mendelii, five plants of
C. Gaskelliana alba, C. MossiBe, a splendid lot of Masdevallias,
and others.

Further particulars will appear in future announcements.
Catalogues are now in course of preparation.
67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C.

Nursery Stock Sales.— Important Notice.

To Noblemen, Gentlemen, Nurserymen, Landscape Gar-
deners, Builders, and others engaged in Planting during
the coming season.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
desire to call special attention to their numerous
SALES of GENERAL NURSERY STOCK which will take
place in various parts of the country during the months of
OCTOBER and NOVEMBER.

A full List of these Sales will appear in next week's issue,
and the Auctioneers will be glad to receive the names of those
who desire to have Catalogues forwarded.

67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C.

Splendid Bulbs from Holland.

SALES every MONDAY, WEDNESDAY, and SATURDAY,
in Large and Small Lots, to suit all Buyers.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent
Garden, W.C., every MONDAY, WEDNESDAY and SATUR-
DAY, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely each day, first-class
consignments of choice named HYACINTHS, TULIPS,
CROCUSES, SCILLAS, NARCISSUS, and other BULBS,
arriving daily from well-known farms in Holland.

On view mornings of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Thursday Next— (Sale No. 7990.)

CHOICE ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS and DUTCH BULBS.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, on THURSDAY" NEXT, September 26. at
half-past 12 o'clock precisely, CHOICE ESTABLISHED
ORCHIDS, from various well-known collections, comprising
many in Flower and Bud. Also a consignment of Bulbs from
Holland.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Cart House Lane Nursery, Horsell.

About 2 Miles from the Woking Station on the S.W. Railway.

SALE of exceptionally well-grown NURSERY STOCK.

"VrESSRS. WATEKER and SONS are in-

1VL strutted by Mr. Richard Collyer, to SELL by AUCTION,
upon the Premises, as above, on MONDAY, October 7, and
two following days, at 11 for 12 o'clock precisely each day, the
well-grown NURSERY STOCK on the above Land, comprising
a great variety of very fine Ornamental Evergreen Trees and
Shrubs, 3000 Variegated, Green, Standard, and other Hollies,
3 to 8 feet ; 80,000 Seedling ditto, 26,000 Yews, from 2 to 7 feet ;
120,000 strong 3-yr. old Quick, 2000 Spruce Fir, 3 feet ; 1500
Thuja Lobbii, from 4 to 7 feet; Cupressus Lawsoniana and
erecta, Tbujopsis picea, Retinospora, Aucuba, Laurels, Privet,
Rhododendrons, Deutzia, Weigela syringa, Double Scarlet
Thorns, and other flowering Shrubs. Forest Trees, Fruit Trees.

The Auctioneers draw the special attention of Purchasers
requiring plants for ornamental and other purposes, to this
Sale, the whole of the Stock, including the fine Specimen
Trees and Shrubs, being well-rooted and in perfect condition
for removal, having all been moved within two years.

May be viewed seven days prior to the Sale, and Catalogues
obtained on the Premises, and of the Auctioneers, at either of
their Offices, Chertsey, Weybridge Station, and opposite the
Station Entrance, Walton-on-Thames.

Nine Elms Nurseries, Leek.

PRELIMINARY NOTICE. — Highly im-
portant UNRESERVED SALE of valuable and extensive
■well-grown NURSERY STOCK, the property of Mr. George
Mathews, prior to removal, LATE in OCTOBER.
Full particulars in due course.

WANTED TO PURCHASE, a genuine
SEED BUSINESS, or a PARTNERSHIP, by a young
practical Seedsman with a moderate capital.

Address, A. Z., Hurst & Son, 152, Houndsditch, E.

FOR SALE, a MANURE MANUFACTUR-
ING BUSINESS, in London. Old-established ; non-
offensive. Capital opening for energetic man with £300, fond
of travelling. Good connection. Every facility given to
purchaser. — Apply to AMAND AND NUNN, 27, Red Lion
Square, Holtorn, W.C.

O BE SOLD, the Roots of 2 Acres 5 Perches

of RHUBARB, adjoining the Holborn Estate Alms-
houses at Tooting. To be viewed on application to the GAR-
DENER, at the Almshouses. Tenders for the same to be sent
on or before MONDAY, the 23rd inst., to the CLERK of the
Holborn Estate Charity, 16, Houghton Street, Strand, W.C.

FLORIST'S, FRUITERER'S, and SEED
BUSINESS, in a large town in Hampshire. Handsome
frontage; splendid connection; trade approaching £2500 a-year,
at high profits. Price, including Greenhouses, Stores, Horse,
Trap, Stock, and everything as a going concern, about £1100.
Full particulars can be obtained of Messrs. DAVIS AND
BENNETT, 25, Portland Street, Southampton.

South Coast.

TO BE LET, on Lease, GRAPE, TOMATO,
and CUCUMBER HOUSES, with good DWELLING-
I HOUSE, &c. Apply in firit instance to
W. HAZELL, Fiuit Grower, West Worthing, Sussex.

'yO BE LET, at Michaelmas next, the

■*■ PILTDOWN NURSERIES, Maresfield, Sussex, 2 £ miles
from Uckfield Station (L. B. and S. Coast Railway), and a
little more from Buxted and Sheffield Park Stations.

These Nurseries were for many years owned and occupied by
the late Mr. James Mitchell, one of the most successful
exhibitors of Roses of his day, and they are particularly suit-
able for their growth. They are also well adapted for all kinds
of Coniferge aud Flowering Shrubs, and Fruit and Forest Trees.
They are about 15 Acres in extent.

The Nurseries are well stocked with Roses of the best kinds.
Ornamental Shrubs, Fruit and Forest Trees, &c. It' has been
for five years, aud is now in the occupation of Mr. G. W. Piper.

For full particulars, and to view, apply to MARK SAND-
FORD, Estate Agent, Maresfield, near Uckfield, Sussex.

To Nurserymen and Florists.

TO BE LET, Large Piece of GROUND, with
TWO GREENHOUSES, in North London Suburb. Good
opening for energetic man. Rent moderate.

Apply to Mr. ALFRED RICHARDS, Estate Agent, Lower
Tottenham. (727-2).

To Nurserymen and Gardeners.

TO LET (owing to death of owner), the well-
known NURSERY, situate in Waverley Place, near
"Eyre ATms," 11 Greenhouses, well heated Pits, &c. Good
Stabling. Apply personally to

Mr. CLINGO, 18, Finchley Road, N.W.

rpO BE LET, from Michaelmas, DYSON'S

JL FARM, at Edmonton, comprising a comfortable House,
ample Stabling, Bunching Sheds, and other Buildings, and 38
Acres of Market Garden Land.

Apply to Messrs. PHILIP D. TUCKETT and CO., Land
Agents, 10a. Old Broad Street, E.C.

NURSERY TO LET, Old-established, in
good neighbourhood, of l Acre. Eight Greenhouses,
well stocked. At a valuation, or PARTNER accepted.
Apply, Bound's Green Nursery, New Southgate, N.

PROTHEROE and MORRIS, Horticul-
tural Market Garden and Estate Auctioneers and
Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C, and at Leyton-
stone, E. Monthly Horticultural Register had on application.

Landscape Gardening.
A RTHUR M. KETTLEWELL (late of

.t\. St. John's College, Oxford), is willing to undertake the
Laying-out of Ornamental Grounds, Gardens, Parks, Cemeteries,
&c. For some time under the supervision of one of the first
Landscape Gardeners in England. Excellent testimonials.
Charities, half commission. —Address, Titley House, Titley,
R.S.O., Herefordshire.

STOVE PLANTS.— To be Disposed of, by
Private Treaty, a number of BROWNEAS, JONESIAS,
and other Stove Plants, from the collection of the late Mr.
W. H. Crawford. Can be seen on application to the
GARDENER, Lakelands, Cork.

The London Fern Nursery Annual Sale.

FERNS, to the Trade, cheap.— ADIANTUM,
PTERIS, and 20 other saleable sorts, at 10s. and 12s. per
100, in 60's. 100.000 surplus stock to select from. Packing
free. 1 large DfCKSONIA ANTARCTICA, 5 feet, fine plant,
cheap.— SMITH, London Fern Nursery, Brixton, S.W.

FERNS.— PfERIS CRETICA CRIST ATA,
in 60's, 14s. per 100, £6 10s. per 1000 ; do. thumbs, 10s. Bd.
per 100, £5 per 1000. CUNEATUMS, in 60's. 14s. per 100, for
cash with order. All good Stuff.— CULL and ROOKE,
Shelburoe Nursery, Coleraine Park, Tottenham.

T ARGE IRISH BEACONSFIELD

-Li YELLOW PRIMROSE SEED, for naturalisation and
exportation. New crop, 1889, just gathered, in tine condition,
per lb., 50s. ; £ lb., 27s. <6d. ; 4 ounces, 15s. ; ounce, 5s. Also
rare Daffodil seed and Glory of the Snow, in trade packets,
2s. 6d. and 5s. each.— WM. BAYLOR HARTLAND, Old-
established Seed Warehouse, 24, Patrick Street, Cork.

*#* Trade offer for his " Soleil d'Or " Sunflower, and imme-
diate orders for spring delivery in strong Stuff. The character
of this plant is now fully established. See Advertisement in
" H. A." next week. A box of specimen blooms for six stamps.

SPECIAL OFFER of FERNS for CASH —

O Extra stong, in thumbs, for immediate Potting, in the
following varieties : — Pteris cretica, tremula, cretica cristata,
albalineata, hastata, serrulata, cristata compacta, A. cuneatum,
and an extra fine lot of Lomariagibbaand Doryopteris palmata.
Also a tine lot, in 48's, Pteris cretica, cretica cristata, serru-
lata cristata compacta, Polypodium, Dicksouia antarctica,
Greville robusta, and Aralia Sieboldi.

Price for thumbs per 100 or 1000, and 48*s per 100 on application.

In-pection invited by

R. PENGELLY, Dyson's Lane, Upper Edmonton.

CHEAP FERNS, PTERIS CERRULATA,
60-pots, very large, 10s. per 100 ; in big 60-pots fit for 48-
size pot, 16s. per 100. MAIDENHAIRS, in big 60-size fit for
48-size, at once, 18s. per 100 ; in 48-size, superbly fine stuff, 6s.
per doz., 40s. per 100. Samples free, twelve stamps, cash with
orders. H.P. ROSE TREES, now booked cheap. CATA-
LOGUES free.— W. DAY, Sandygate Rose Nurseries, Shefi^eld.

TRICHOMANES RADICANS.— About 5
square yards, in fine condition. Sixteen years established,
with TODG2A PELLUCIDA, £10. Viewed by appointment.—
E. B., 24, George Street, Hanover Square, W.

September 21, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

319

EFFECTIVE, SAFE & ECONOMICAL

imiiiiiimmiHiiiiiimtiiimiitiiifiiii'iiHiiN
IMPROVED & ONLY GENUINE

MEDICATED TOBACCO PAPER

(BEADY CUT UP FOB USE),

iKEDl'CeO PRICE, 1,0 per lb.
2S lbs. niul upwards — CnrrJnse Pniil.
| Parcels for trial, sent Free by Parcels Post, viz:—
2 lbs. 3 4, 4 lbs. 6,8, 6 lbs. 9/9, 8 lbs. 13-, 10 lbs. 16,-

. Dicksons Improved Fumigating Pan

Is vastly superior to any other. f*€§g&

PRICE in Iron 6/6, or in Copper, 21/- ,-Af;')*|£-h,s

Dicksons

(Limited)

Chester.

THE

"PERFECT"

WEED KILLER

Maintains its Superiority over all Rivals

for permanently destroying vegetation on Walks, Carriage
Drives, Ash Tennis Courts, Stonework grown green, &c.
Used at Kew Gardens, Royal Horticultural Gardens, <fcc, &c,

COMPLETE SATISFACTION GUARANTEED

to all using "Weed Killer, bearing our Trade Mark,
without which none is genuine. Refuse Imitations.

Price— Gallon 2/, 5 gal. 1/9, 10 gal. 1/6, 40 gal. 1/4 per gal.

SPECIAL QUOTATIONS FOR QUANTITIES.

Carriage paid 5 gals, and upwards. THal sample post free.

DISTRIBUTOR for
Perfect" Weed Killer.

* Sole Manufacturers

Holds 40 gallons. WroUght-iron
frame-work neatly painted. Gal-
vanized tubes with tap to regulate?
flow. Gives spray 36 ins. wide.
Price £4 net on rail Glasgow.

TnE

HIRTfCULTURAL & AGRICULTURAL CHEMICAL COY-

Principal Agents: BLACKLEY, YOUNG & CO.,
103 HOLM STREET, GLASGOW.

SOLD BY SEEDSMEN AND FLORISTS.

GARDEN
REQUISITES.

Two Prize Medals.

Quality, THE BEST in the Market. (All sacks included.)

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process),
sacks, Is. Ad. each; 10sacks,12s.6<£.; 15sacks,17s.6</., 20sacks,
20s. ; 25 sacks, 24s. ; 30 sacks, 27s. ; 40 saeks, 35s. ; 50 sacks,
40s. ; Truck-load, loose, free on rail, 30s. Limited quantities
of G., special quality, granulated in sacks only, 2s. $d. each.

GENUINE ORCHID PEAT, 8s. Qd. per sack ; 5 sacks, 40s. ;
BEST BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. per sack ; 5 for 22s. 6d.
BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 4s. 6d. per sack ; 5 for 20s.
COARSE SILVER SAND, Is. 6d. per bushel ; 14s. half ton ;
24s. per ton. Yellow Fibrous Loam, Compost, Leaf and Peat
Mould, Is. per bushel. Tobacco Cloth or Paper, Is. per lb.
Special Manures, Peatr-Moss Litter, Crushed Bones, Virgin
Cork, &c, &c. Write for Price List.

Terms strictly Cask with order.
CHUBB, ROUND & CO., West Ferry Road, Millwall,

London, E. Bankers — I'mon Bank of London.

bentley's

Insecticide.

Mr. J. H. Rose, Locki/ige Park, ivrites:— "Bentley's Insecti-
cide is the most effective and cheapest I have ever used."

For full particulars apply to JOSEPH BENTLEY, Chemical
Works, Barrow-on-Humber, HULL.

London Agent : Mr. A. Robinson, 8, Leadenhall Street, E.C.

and strongest in

TOP SPIT FOR SALE. Twelve months in
■tack— in splendid condition.— Apply to JONES, 13,
Lavender Hill ; or, J. ROLLINS, 3, Burr Road, Merton Road,
Wandsworth, S.W.

aENUINE GARDEN REQUISITES',
as supplied to Royal Gardens, &c.
SPECIALITY TOBACCO PAPKR the best
the market, iOd. per lb., 281b. for 21?

SELECT ORCHID PEAT, 8s. per sack, 5 for 35s.
SOILS and MANURES of finest quality, and GENERAL
SUNDRIES. Price list free.

W. HERBERT AND Co., Hop Exchange Warehouses, South-
wark Street, London, S.E.

THE

rmal Fertiliser

For GREENHOUSE or GARDEN.
7 lb. 14 lb. 28 lb. 56 lb. 1 cwt.
2s. 3s. id. 5s. id. 9s. 14s.

And in id. and Is. packets.
To be had of Seedsmen and Florists, or the NORMAL
MANURE COMPANY, Ltd., 121, Bishopsgate Street Within,
E.C, and Farnham Road, Guildford. Usual Trade Discounts.
Wholesaleof Messrs. HURSTandSON, 152,Houndsditch,London

Price :

pOCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE. — Newly

V-/ made, the same as supplied to the Royal Horticultural

Society. Truck-load of 2 tons, £1 ; free on to Rail, L. B. S. C.

and S. E., £1 5s. ; in Bags, 20. 15s. ; 40, £1 8s. Cash with order.

J. STEVENS and CO., 153, High Street, Battersea, S.W.

ORCHID PEAT, best quality; BROWN
FIBROUS PEAT for Stove and Greenhouse use. RHO-
DODENDRON and AZALEA PEAT. Samples and Prices to
WALKER AND CO., Farnborough, Hants.

BONES !— BONES ! !— BONES ! ! !

Crushed Bones in all sizes for Vine Borders, Lawns, Potting,
Grass Lands, &c. Also BONE MEAL for Poultry Feeding,
GARDEN GUANO, DISSOLVED BONES, Special MANURES
and FERTILIZERS for all purposes.

For Prices, apply to

HARRISON, BARBER & CO. (Limited),

GARRETT LANE. WANDSWORTH, SURREY. S.W.

Protection of Fruit Trees from the
Winter Moth.

NOW IS THE TIME TO APPLY

PROTECTIVE COMPOSITION,

AS RECOMMENDED BY MISS ORMEROD.

Particulars on application.
DICKSONS, The Nurseries, CHESTER.

(Limited)

GARDEN REQUISITES.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE.

id. per bushel ; 100 for 25s. ; truck (loose, about 2 tons),
40s. ; 4-bushel bags, id. each.

LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. id. per sack ; 5 sacks,
25s. ; sacks, id. each.

BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. per sack, 5 sacks, 22j. ; sacks,
id. each.

COARSE SILVER SAND, Is. 9<f. per bushel ; 15s. per half
ton ; 26s. per ton, in 2-bushel bags, id. each.

YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD, Is. per bushel.

SPHAGNUM MOSS, 8s. id. per sack.

MANURES, GARDEN STICKS, VIRGIN CORK, TOBACCO
CLOTH, RUSSIA MATS, &c. Write for Price LIST.—
H. G. SMYTH, F.R.H.S., 21, Goldsmith's Street, Drury
Lane (lately called 17a, Coal Yard), W.C.

BEESON'S MANURE— The Best and
Cheapest Fertiliser for all purposes. Write for Circular
containing the Leading Gardeners' and Market Growers'
Reports. Sold in Tins, Is., 2s. id., 5s. id., and 10s. id. each,
or 1 cwt. Bags, sealed, 13s. By all Seedsmen, or apply direct to
W. H. BEESON, Carbrook Bone Mills, Sheffield.

GISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading
Gardeners since 1859 against Red Spider, Mildew,
Thrips, Green Fly, and other Blight. 1 to 2 ounces to the
gallon of soft-water ; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines
and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake against
American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended
to supersede it. Boxes, Is., 3s., and 10s. id.

GISHURSTLNE keeps Boots dry and soft on
wet ground. Boxes, id. and Is., from the Trade.
Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY
(Limited). London.

BULB SHOW TICKETS

For Marking Prices of Bulb* ia Seedsmen's Windows,

Illustrated in Colours,

and in most cases life size, very attractive and showy,
and will tend greatly to facilitate sales.

48 Sorts.
Price reduced to Is. 6d. per dozen.

Sample Card (size 5J inches by 4,1 inches) post-free for 2d.,
and List of sorts sent on application.

H O O P E R & C O. (Limited),

COVENT GARDEN, LONDON, W.C.

THE NEW PLANT COLLAR.

As illustrated in the Gardeners' Chronicle, Sept. 14, 1889.

No more Pot-bound Plants.
BEALE'S NEW IMPERISHABLE TERRA-COTTA

METAL EXPANDINC PLANT COLLAR,

FOR

Extending the Hooting Space in Flower Pots

without Re-potting.
This Collar ia invaluable for Tomato Plants in pots. Pot
Vines and Fruiting Trees, Roses, &c, and also for large
pot-bound Stove Plants, Chrysanthemums, and all other plant
that require surface feeding. It fits any size and shape of pots
It makes a 6 inch pot into an 8-inch one without repotting.
All sizes, from 6 in. to 12 in. kept in stock ; any other si^es
cut to order, per instructions.

Beale'B Plant Collar

makes a perfect
Propagator, Seed Raiser,
and Shelter for Small
Plants, Cuttings, and
Seedlings, a cover of glasB
being used for excluding
air, andkeepingCuttings,
&c. , close till rooted, when
it can be easily removed.

It has gained Honours
and Certificates every
time exhibited.

Collars, 6-in., As. 6d.-t
8-in., 5j. ; 10-in., bs. Qd. ;
12-in., 6s. 6d. per dozen.

Glasses for 6-in. , Is. Qd. ;
8-in., Is. 9d.; 10-in., 2s.;
12-in., 2s. 6d. per dozen.

Over 20s. orders carri-
age paid. Supplied every-
where by Seedsmen and
Florists. Used as a Hand-light and Propagator.

Sole Manufacturers : —

R. BEALE and CO., The North London Horticultural Stores
New Southgate, London, N.

GARDEN REQUISITE S.—
Sticks, Labels, Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo
Canes, Rustic Work, Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of
WATSON and SCULL, 90, Lower Thames Street, London, E.C.

BECKETT BROS.,

CHELMSFORD.

Price Lists. Plans, and Estimates Free.

TRYLEETESOlPer

ON 1R0N.WOOD & STONE
ALL COLORS CASH

A.LEETE&C?PAINTW0RKS,I29 LONDON RISE

320

THE GARDENERS1 CHRONICLE.

[September 21, 1889.

FOR SALE, a COLLECTION of ORCHIDS,
about 86 healthy Established Plants, containing the
following kinds :— AeridesLobbf, Calanthe Veit hi, Cymbidium
aloefolium, CypripeJiuni insigne, C. venu^tum, D-*ndrobium
densiflorum, D. fimbriatum, D. heteroearpum, D. nobile, D.
Pierardi, D. Waidianum, Epidendrum vitellinum majus,
Lycaste Skinneri, Masdevallia tnvarensis, Oncidium fltxu-
osura, Stanhopea tigrina; a'so STOVE PLANTS, consisting of
Acalypha, Anthnrium, Asparagus, Begonia, Croton, Curculigo,
Cyperus, Dracrena, Eucharis, Hibiscus, Pancratium, Strelitzia,
fro., and 1« young PINES. Apply to

G. JUPP, Gardener, Brantridge Park, Balcombe. Sussex.

A N S I E S !— P A N S I E S !

A Challenge to Creation.
From my unrivalled stock of Gems, which can be had
from 4s., 6s . 9s., and 12s. per dozen plants. Cuttings half the
price. Note. — The varieties I shall send are such as I have
gained several Gold and Silver Medals throughout the Unit-d
Kingdom, and also secured the 1st prize for the best twenty-
four blooms at Glasgow Autumn Show, September 4, 1889.
Pansy Cuttings in finest colours for bedding, 24 for 2s.;
24 rooted plants, 4s. This season's Seed, Is. and 2s. 6d. per
packet. My Treatise on the Pansy, Id. ; cloth. Is. lrf.
ALEX. LISTER, Pansy Specialist, Rothesay.

Awarded several First Prizes.

ASPARAG US, Plants and Seeds. The earliest,
delicious, and most profitable ASPARAGUS of the whole
World, giving shoots from three to five a pound. Present prices
for Plants, 42s. per 1000. Seeds, 10s. 6of. per lb. Terms cash.
E. H. MEYER, Nurseryman, Hamburgerstrasse, Brannsch-
weig, Germany.

ROMAN HYACINTHS, NARCISSUS,
LILIUMS, TUBEROSES, and many other FRENCH
BULBS, grown and offered by LOUIS BREMOND, fils,
Ollioules, France.

WHOLESALE LIST on application to WILLIAM DEN-
MAN, 7, Catherine Street. Covent Garden, London, W.C.

FOR SALE, EUCHARIS AMAZONICA,
6 large pots. Very strong, healthy, flowering Bulbs.
Particulars and price on application.

W. CLARKE, Castlethorpe, Stony Stratford.

OA flAfk CLEMATIS, in Pots, of all the

OV/^V/V/V/ finest Double and Single Varieties (some

tie

(some
of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of
every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for
climbing and bedding, from 12s. to 24s. per dozen, strong
plants; extra strong plants, repotted into 5£-inch pots, 2s 6a.
each; Beauty of Worcester, a magnificent purple, excellent
for bedding, recently sent out by us, reduced price 2s. 6a*. each.
Descriptive LIST on application.— RICHARD SMITH and CO.,
Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester.

HARTLAND'S GOLDEN QUILLED
DOUBLE PERENNIAL SUNFLOWER— Now is the
time to ask for a sixpenny box of Specimen Blooms, to prevent
any hitherto implied imposition, and get orders booked for
November delivery. Within the entire range of hardy
perennials. There is nothing finer. Its colour and flortt-
formution in appearance like an immense bloom of Madame
D image Chrysanthemum, ur the very finest form of orange
African Marigold. Quite distinct.

Plants at fall, Is. $d. each, with 3d. extra to cover postage.
W. BAYLOR HARTLAND, Seedsman, Cork.

EVERGREENS for IMMEDIATE
EFFECT
CUPRESSUS LAWSONII, 6 to 8 feet.

„ EEECTA VIRIDIS. 4 to 5 feet, 5 to 6 feet, and 6 to 8 feet.
LIGUSTRUM OVALIFOLIUM, 4 to 5 feet.
THUIA OCCIDENTALIS, 5 to 6 feet, and 6 to 8 feet.

„ LOBBII, 6 to 8 feet, and 8 to 10 feet.
THUJOPSIS BOREALIS, 6 to 8 feet, and 8 to 10 feet.
YEWS, English, 5 to 6 feet, and 6 to 8 feet.

,, Irish, 6 to 7 feet.

The above have all been regularly transplanted, and are in
fine condition for removal.

JNO. JEFFERIES and SON, Royal Nurseries, Cirencester.

ORCHIDS.

BRAZILIAN ORCHIDS

offered to the Trade in large or small quantities upon the most

advantageous terms.

Particulars and CATALOGUES on application to

A. H. GRIMSDITCH, 5, Clayton Square, Liverpool.

Sole Agent for Senhor Carlos Travassos. Rio de Janeiro.

SPECIAL clearance BARGAINS.

ROOM WANTED.

CALLA ^THIOPICA (Arum Lily), extra strong, in 5 inch

pots, 6s. per dozen.
Do., smaller, 3<- per dozen.
ARALIA SLEBOLDII, well rooted, in 3 inch pots. 2s. per

dozen; 10s. 6d. per 100.
GREVLLLEA ROBUSTA, large plants, lovely decorative

plant, in 5 inch pots, 5s per dozen.
PLUMBAGO CAPENSIS ALBA (the White Plumbago), large

plants, in 5 inch pots, 9s. per dozen.
GEUM COCCINEUM PLENUM (Double Scarlet Geum), fiDe

roots, Is, 6d. per dozen ; 10s. per 100.

ORCHIDS ! Must Sell.

ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDRA, good strong plants, in
3 and 4 inch pots, 15s. per dozen.
,, ROSSII, in 3J and 4 inch pots, 12s. per dozen,
,, PESCATOREI, in 3J and 4 inch pots, 18s. per dozen.
CCELOGYNE CRISTATA, in 4 inch pots, 10s. iier dozen.
All strong healthy plants at less than one-half usual prices.
Order early. Packing free.

W. H. HUDSON, Nurseryman, West Green

Road, Tottenham, London.

Address tor Telegrams—" AURATUMS," LONDON.

Direct from the Growers.

ROOZEN'S

DUTCH, CAPE, and CALIFORNIAN

BULBS.

HYACINTHS,

TULIPS, CROCUS, NARCISSUS,

for Outdoor and Forcing.

IRIS, LILIES, PEONIES,
TERRESTRIAL ORCHIDS,

Gesneraceous Sf Aroidaceous Plants,

and a large stock of other Miscellaneous

BULBS AND PLANTS.

For details of the above, see our CATALOGUE for 1889
(94 Pages in English), which will be sent Post-free on
application to our Agents, Messrs. MERTENS asd CO.,
3. Cross Line, St. Mary-at-Hill, London, EC, or our-
selves direct.

ANT.R00ZEN&S0N,

NURSERYMEN,

OVERVEEN, hanaeealrEM) HOLLAND.

DAFFODILS and NARCISSUS.—
From 50 to 100 per cent, fall in all sorts of Daffodils
and Narcissus. Write for " Hartlan Pa 36 quarto-page Book "
on the subject. It is acknowledged to be the moat complete
exfant. Price Is. 6d. ; returnable unless considered value.
Certainly as a work of art. it should be in the hands of all
lovers of "old fashioned " flowers.

WM. BAYLOR HARTLAND, Seedsman and Florist, 24,
Patrick Street, Cork.

CAMELLIAS. — We have to offer a very fine
lot of large Plants of CAMELLIAS in splendid condition.
Full particulars, sizes, prices, &c, free on application.

JOHN LAING AND SONS, Nurseries, Forest Hill, S.E.

PALMS. — Leading decorative sorts in many
sizes, great quantities, and in finest health.
FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Nurseryman, Richmond, Surrey;
and Flower Market, Covent Garden, W.C.

BMALLER and SONS beg to offer to the
• Trade a very extensive and unusually well grown stock
of ERICAS (hyemalis and other varieties), EPACRIS, SOLA-
NUMS, GENISTAS. CYCLAMEN. BOUVARDIAS. ADIAN-
TUM CUNEATUM, aud other Ferns, GARDENIAS, STE-
PHANOTIS, FICUS ELASTICA. CROTONS, GREVILLEAS,
TEA ROSES (in pots), BORONIA MEGASTIGMA, VINES
(in pots), &c. An inspection is invited.

Trade CATALOGUES forwarded on application.
The ANNUAL SALE by AUCTION will be held on
TUESDAY, September 17.

Burut Ash Lane Nurseries, Lee, S.E.

CLAPTON NURSERY. LONDON,
and BUSH HILL PARK. ENFIELD.

The GLASS STRUCTURES cover au area of upwards of

315,000 feet.

EIGHTY HOUSES DEVOTED TO CULTURE OF

ORCHIDS, PALMS, and FERNS.

Immense quantities of Winter and Spring Flowering

Plants in variety, Ornamental Foliaged Plants, Fruit

Trees, Grape Vines, Rose-*, Shrubs, &c.

Inspection of the Stock invited.

HUGH LOW AND CO.

CUTBUSH'S MILL-
TRACK MUSHROOM SPAWN.
— Too well known to require descrip-
tion. Price 6s. per bushel Is. extra
per bushel for package), or 6d. per
cake; free by parcel post, Is.

None genuine unless in sealed pack-
ages and printed cultural directions
enclosed, with oursignature attached.

WM. CUTBUSH AND SON,
Nurserymen and Seed Merchants,
Highgate Nurseries, N.

(STRAWBERRIES

O LAXTON'S "NOBLE." small pots, 20s. per 100 3s tier

dozen ; runners 12s. per 100. 'v

PRESIDENT. ) well root«l runners. 10s. per 1000.
DU THURY, >in small pots. 12s. per 100, 90s. per 1000
PAXTON, 1 out small pots, 10s. per 100, 75s. per 1000
PRIMROSE, " Hardy's Grand Hybrid Novelties." very larje

flower*, about 30 splendid colours, pure white to dark crimson

allowed by competent j udges to be the very best and handsomest

grown, 5s. per 100, 45s. per 1000.

POLYANTHUS, Hardy's finest selected, gold-laced, show

flowers, 5s. per 100, 45s. per 1000.

Cash, package free ; extra plants sent for carriage

H. I. HARDY. F.R.H.S., Stour Valley Nurseries, Bures; Suffolk.

The Best Present for a Gardener.
INES and VINE CULTURE,

The most complete and exhaustive Treatise on

Grapes and their Culture ever published.

New Edition.

Price 5s., postrfree 5s. 8d.

A. F. BARRON, Royal Horticultural Society, Chiswick.

LAXTON'S NEW STRAWBERRIES
Must be grown by all.
Descriptive LIST, with priees of "Latest of All" (new
1889), "Noble," "A. F. Barron," "Commander," Sec., now
ready. Six First-class Certificates.

THOMAS LAXTON. Seed Grower, Bedford.

PHEASANT-EYED NARCISSUS, 5s. per"
peck, in fine condition for planting.
T. GELL, Home Farm, St. Lawrence. Ventnor, Isle of Wight.

" p E M S " — " Q E M S " — " G E M S "

VJ~ of Choice Stove Plants.

OXERA PULCHELLA — dense clusters, 8 to 10 inches
across, of pure white, funnel-shaped flowers, about 2 inches
long and 1 inch across. Flowers in winter very lasting,
graceful and beautiful. 5s.

SCHUBERTIA GRANDIFLOR A— flowers white with de-
lightful, almond-like fragrance, produced in large trusses,
similar to Stephanotis. Excellent for cutting. 2s. Qd. and 3s. 6d

STEPHANOTIS FLORIBUNDA— the finest variety in cul-
tivation, and freest bloomer, flowering at every joint, and
blooms in a lower temperature than any other variety we
know. Is., 1*. 6<i., 25. 6rf., 3s. 6d., 5s. ; and fine specimens,
215., 31s. 6d., and 40s. each.

STIGMAPHYLLUM CILIATUM (Golden Vine) — flowers
rich orange, similar to the lovely Orchid Oncidium nexuosum.
Very distinct. 2s. <6d. each.

TOXICOPHL.EA SPECTABIXTS (Winter Sweet) — large
dense sprays of white flowers, sweetly perfumed. Beautiful
winter-flowering plant. 2s. 6rf. and 3s. &d. each.

GLONERA JASMINIFLORA— one of the most beautiful
while-flowering plants for either cuttingor decoration. Blooms
in the winter or early spring, and worthy of a place in the
most select collection. 2s. 6rf. and 3s. $d.

CATALOGUES of these, and all you want for a Garden free,
by post from

WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrineham,
10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.

BULBS— BULBS— BULBS.— Our early im-
portations are now to hand in first-rate condition. RomHn
Hyacinths, splendid, 14s. to 16s. per 1UO. Polyanthus Narciaau*,
Paper White, os. per 100; Early Roman, 6s. per 100; Grand
Primo, tis. 6d. per 100. Garden Hyacinths, ins. per 100; Pot
kinds, 2s. <od, per dozen; first size, finest quality for show, 4*.
to 6s. per dozen. Garden Narcissus, a specialty, most of the
varieties Home grown. Iris hispanica, this lovely gem, Is. 6d.
per 100. CATALOGUES free.

Orders despatched promptly.
J. R. PEARSON and SONS, Chilwell Nurseries, Notts.

Bulbs.

EH. KRELAGE and SON, The King's
• Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Florists, HAARLEM
(Holland), have published their General CATALOGUES of
Dutch and other Bulbs, which will be sent post-free on prepaid
application to their address direct. These Catalogues are
No. 410, Dutch Flower Roots; 43 t, Dutch Flower Roots (extract
and supplement); No. 405, Miscellaneous Bulbous and Tuberous-
rooted Plants; 435, Supplement to 405, price, alterations, and
novelties.

BULBS FOR EARLY
FORCING.

White ROMAN HYACINTHS, first quality bulbs, carefully
selected, 2s. 6d. per dozen ; 18s. 6rf. per 1 0.

NARCISSUS, paper White, Is. 3d. per dozen ; 7s. per 100.
Double Roman, Is. 3d. per dozen ; 7s. per 100.

LILIUM HARRISII (Bermuda Easter Lily).— Our direct
importation from Bermuda of this charming pure white Lily
enables us to offer grand bulbs, in the best possible condition,
at extraordinarily low prices. Fine selected, 7s. per dozen;
50s. per 100. Extra fine selected, 7 to 9 inches in circumference,
10s. per dozen ; 75s. per 100. Potted now, will be in bloom at
Christmas and the New Year.

Descriptive CATALOGUE of Dutch and other Bulbs, post-
free on application.

RICHARD SMITH AND CO., Seed Merchants, Worcester.

AMAZONIAN ORCHIDS. — Collections of
1 dozen good-sized flowering plants, established generally
on blocks. Cattleyas superba splendens, El Dorado (in variety),
luteola, Coryanthes, Scuticatia, Galeandras, Paphiuias, Epi-
dendrum, Oncidium, Stanhopea eburuea, Rodriguezia,
Schomburgkia, Brassias, Brassavolas, Catasetums, Sobralias,
Gongoras.

Delivered at Liverpool at steamer for £6 per dozen. Freight
and packiug free. All orders must contain draft for amount
on Pari Branch of English Bank of Rio de Janeiro (London
OlEce, 2a, Moorgate Street, E.C.), to which Bank reference is
made.

C. E. HERBERT and CO., Parst, Brazil.
Caixa no correio 151.

To the Trade.

DOG BRIER CUTTINGS,
well ripened, first-class quality, and prepared iur plant-
ing, in any quantity, at 5s. per H»00. Sample free.

C. B., Mr. Geo. Pinner, Wyddial, Buniingford, Herts.

September 21, 1889.]

TEE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

321

STRAWBERRY
PLANTS. , ,

We have a grand stock of Strawberry
Plants now ready, including all the choicest
varieties, which toe ofer in strong prepared
runners, Carriage Free,

Per 100.

30 0

30
7
6

T ALTON'S NOBLE, the superb new early, th

best variety yet sent out ... per doz., 3s.
A F BARRON, splendid new mid-season

* variety per doz., 5s

COMMANDER, very fine, new sort, of splendid

flavour per doz., 5s.

WATERLOO, superb dark crimson ... per doz., Is.
THE CAPTAIN, fine new prolific ... per doz.. Is.

The following at 9d. per doz.. or 5s. per 100 : —
AUGUSTE NICAISE, PRESIDENT,
BRITISH QUEEN, LOXFORD HALL SEEDLINO
DR HOGG, THE AMATEUR.

JAMES VEITCH, FROGMORE LATE PINE,

and many others.
100 in 10 choice varieties, our selection, 5s. Qd.
1000 in 10 „ ■■ 35s.

LILIUM HARRISSI (the Bermuda Easter Lily). Long
pure white deliciously scented trumpet flowers, superb
variety for forcing. Potted now may be had in bloom
at Christmas and the new year.

Fine selected bulbs, per doz., 7s. 6d. ; per 100. 56s.

Extra fine bulbs, 7 to 9 inches in circumference, per doz.,
10s. 6rf. ; per 100, 80s.

Our CATALOGUE of Dutch Flower
Boots, Roses, Fruit Trees, S>-c, is now ready,
and may be had free on application.

DANIELS BROS.,

TOWN CLOSE NURSERIES,

NORWICH.

JARMAN'S

BTJLBS,

ROSES,

FBTJ1T TREES, &c.

Illustrated Catalogue post-free on application.

JARMAN & CO.,

CHARD, SOMERSETSHIRE.

STRAWBERRY VIG,TS„„?i

UIIIMJf UL.IIIM Plants in pots. New and

PLANTS. bestjfeties-

Catalogue on application.

DICKSONS,

(Limited).

THE
NURSEKIES,

CHESTER.

ROSES IN POTS;

all the best New and Old English and Foreign
sorts, from l&s. to 36s. per dozen.

Descriptive LIST Free on application.

RICHARD SMITH & CO.,

Nurserymen and Seed Merchants,

WORCESTER.

FRUIT TREES-FRUIT TREES.

HUGH LOW & CO.

Offer of good quality, and will esteem favour of Orders : —

APPLES.— Dwarf Maidens, Dwarf Trained, 2-yr. Unt rimmed.
Standards.

CHERRIES. — Dwarf Maidens, Dwarf Trained, 2-yr. Un-
trimmed, Pyramids, Standards.

PEARS.— Dwarf Maidens, Dwarf Trained, Pyramids, Standards.

PLUMS.— Dwarf Maidens, Dwarf Trained, 2-yr. Untrimmed,
Pyramids, Standards.

DAMSONS FARLEIGH PROLIFIC.-Dwarf Maidens. Pyra-
mids, Standards.

PEACHES and NECTARINES. — Dwarf Maidens. Dwarf
Trained, Standards. Standard Trained.
Quantity Large.— Quality Good.— Prices Moderate.
Inspection Tntited.

Bush Hill Park Nursery, Enfield.

STRAWBERRIES.

Strong qpots, 4?. per 100. Plants in small pot", 16*. per 100 ;
ditto, in large pots, 25s. per 100. Descriptive LIST free.
RICHARD SMITH and CO , Nuraervmea and Seed Merchant*,
Worcester.

WEBBS'

COLLECTIONS

BULBS

CONSIST OF THE FINEST
SELECTED

HYACINTHS,

TULIPS, CROCUS,

LILIES, SNOW-

DROPSJtc.

From Mr. G. H. GREEN,

Gardener to the Right Hon.
the Countess of Stamford,
Enville Hall: — *' I never saw
any (Hyacinths) do better or
produce finer trusses : they
were admired by all who saw
them."

Prices, 6s., 7s. 6d , 10s. 6d., 15s., 21s., 42s, 63s,

and 105s. each ; Carriage Free.

FIVE PER CENT. DISCO t NT FOR CASH.

For full particulars of Contents of these Boxes, awl
Lists of the Best L'tttbs ofihs Season, see

WEBBS' BULB CATALOGUE,

Beautifully Illustrated : Gratia and Post- free

Seedsmen by Royal Warrants to H.M. the Queen
and H.R.H. the Prince of Wales,

WORDSLEY, STOURBRIDGE.

DUTCH BTJLBS CHEAP !

FRENCH BULBS CHEAP !

ENGLISH BULBS CHEAP !

See our Special Wholesale Catalogue of Bulbs,

Containing List of all the best varieties of HYACINTHS,

TULIPS, CROCUS. LILIUMS, DAFFODILS, SNOWDROPS,

IRIS, &c, &c, free on application.

Please compare our Prices before sending your Orders abroad.

WATKINS & SIMPSON,

Seed am> Bi lb Merchants,

Exeter Street, Strand, London, W.C.

DUTCH BULBS.

HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUSES, SPIRMA,

LILY OF THE VALLEY— all strong clumps,

and GLADIOLUS Brenchleyensis and Gandavensis,

first size bulbs— all very low prices.

New Edition,

THE COTTAGERS CALENDAR

GARDEN OPERATIONS.

Price 3d., Post-free Qd.

W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand,

London, W.C.

Now ready, In cloth, lis. 6d.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
Vol. V., Third Series, JAN. to JUNE, 1889.
W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

Apply to P. van TIL Jz. & CO., Florists,

HILLEGOM, near HAARLEM, HOLLAND.

JERSEY FRUIT TREES AND ROSES.

Carriage Paid. Strong healthy trees, the finest that money can

buv. Roses wonderfully cheap. Cordons a specialite. Before

ordering be sure to write for our Illustrated CATALOGUES.

JOSHUA LE CORNU and SON, High View Nurseries.

1£K2LDh 3ULBS

FLOWERING

HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUSES,
SNOWDROPS, NARCISSI, LILLIES, &c.

IN GREAT VARIETY.

tS"Best Qualities only. tS"Prices most moderate.

Descriptive Priced Catalogue (No. 30:*)

POST FltEE ON APPLICATION.

The Royal Nurseries

and
Seed Establishments

SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 21, 1SS9.

(Limited), Chester*. I

TONGUES IN TREES.

rpHE banished Duke in Arden Forest was
A evidently an undeveloped essayist ; he
could not else have summarised so neatly into
themes the lessons and the parables of Nature.
Tongues in Trees — Books in the running brooks
— Sermons in Stones — Good in everything !
Four telling titles confront us as we read ; three
suggestions to the lovers of Nature, one to the
lovers of paradox. It shall be our object to
expand the first.

" The trees went forth on a time to elect a
king over them, and they said unto the Olive,
the Fig, the Vine, the Bramble, come thou and
reign over us." Those, alas, were days of fable !
the electoral trees of Shechem are silent now ;
silent, with the Hamadryads of the Homeric
hymns and the metamorphosed sisters of Phaethon
shrieking when their twigs were torn ; and the
remonstrant bleeding bough of Virgil, and of
Dante; and the talking Oak of Dodorna 3000
years ago, of our Poet Laureate to-day ; and
the Buckwheat, and the Daisy of Hans Ander-
sen ; and Alice's Tiger Lily ; and the Roses in
Maud's garden ; and the bewitching dancers at
little Lily's party. Yet walk by a forest side in
a wind, and you learn that trees still have
tongues.

*' Mighty winds (says Cowper)
That sweep the skirt of some o'erhanging wood
Of ancient growth, make music not unlike
The dash of Ocean on his winding shore,
And lull the spirit while they fill the mind."

"Now might be heard," says DTsraeli in
Coningsby, "the various voices of the mighty
trees, as they expressed their terror or their
agony. The Elm sighed, the Beech shrieked,
the Oak sent forth its deep and long-drawn
groans ; while ever and anon, amid a momentary
pause, the passion of the Ash was heard in
moans of thrilling anguish."

As the wind falls, these voices hush ; but to the
judicious listener the trees speak still with indi-
vidual articulation. Interrogate yon Lime, whose'
drooping boughs sweep the close-shaven lawn. It

322

THE GARDENER S' CER ON i CLE.

[September 21, 1889.

tells you that it will be two centuries old next year ;
planted, as were thousands of its brethren in all
parts of England, as a compliment to Dutch William,
who, caring little ordinarily for the charms of
Nature, yet loved to see and to reproduce in England
the Linden avenues and terraces of his home.
Wherever noble Limes, solitary or in clumps, are
seen to-day in ancient gardens, be sure that the
squire, or parson, or college president, who planted
them in revolution times, was a courtier and a whig.
That gaunt Mulberry tree, reft of many a branch,
but still strewing the grass each summer with its
delicious fruit, claims to be a few years older than
the Lime. It was planted, as were almost all our
old Mulberries, at the emigration of the French Pro-
testants in 1685 ; in hopes to naturalise amongst
ourselves their art of breeding silkworms, and of
shining silk, in ignorance that the fruited Mulberry
(Morus nigra) is unfit for silkworms, and that the
silkworm Mulberry (Morus alba) bears no edible
fruit. That Weeping Willow, its long tresses pen-
dulous over a fictitious urn, prides itself on dating
from the reign of Anne. A packet of Grapes
sent to Pope from Spain by Lord Peterborough, was
unfastened in the poet's presence, and his quick eye
noticed as unfamiliar the withes which bound it.
They were twigs of the Salix babylonica, then
unknown in England ; they were planted in his
garden, and took root, and the plant being dicecious,
and no male specimens having ever been imported,
the majority of our Weeping Willows, if not all of
them, owe their parentage to that earliest Twicken-
ham colonist. Our ears once turned to their talk,
each tree in its turn becomes loquacious. The
Sycamore, " oft musical with bees," attracted not by
its flowers but by the honeydew upon its leaves, points
to the wrinkled cotyledons, which spring up each year
from the seed it sheds— possibly a survival of the
universal foliage of deciduous trees in olden geolo-
gical days, ere time had differentiated them into their
present varied forms. The Holly proudly cites its
splendid stature on the Killarney Islands ; the noble
undergrove at Alfoxden, beneath the " mighty dome
of Oaks," commemorated in 1797 by Wordsworth
and his sister, enlarged to-day by ninety years of
growth, recalls the Holly hedge, 200 feet in length
by 9 feet thick, and 6 feet high, the glory of good
John Evelyn's Deptford garden, until that half demi-
god, half savage, the Czar Peter, amused himself by
being driven through and through it in a wheel-
barrow until it was all destroyed, celebrates finally
the time, long anterior to Christianity, when, with
Boar's head and Mistleto and wassail, it adorned the
midwinter saturnalia of Northern Europe. The Aspen
tells us how, from its wood was formed the Cross of
Christ, and how its boughs and leaves have shivered at
the recollection ever since. The Yew boasts of the
archers at Cressy and at Agincourt ; of its four
gigantic brethren on the slopes of Borrowdale ; of
the half-prostrate Iffley patriarch, perhaps the oldest
tree in England, full-grown and tall before the
earliest Oxford spire pointed upwards from the vale
below. The Cypress bewails the inclement climate
which, except in Southern England, banishes from
our churchyard the graceful ornament of foreign
cemeteries ; quotes the noble reminder of Horace to
his wealthy friend, that of all the trees with which
he has planted his wide demesne, the Cypress alone
will follow its master to the grave; glides into a
lighter strain as it recalls the Bachelor Fellow of
Oriel fifty years ago, who, passing to a country living
at a time of life when amatory tendencies are at once
continuous and unfortunate, wooed in vain the
spinsters of his new neighbourhood not once nor twice,
planting a Cypress in his garden on each successive
rejection of his suit, until the Kectory grounds were
found upon his death to be overshadowed by fifteen
m mrnful trees.

We feel that we must check this random chorus,
aid begin by systematic questioning to extract
s ipcial information for oursalvps. We shall find first
of all that no little prehistoric lore lies embalmed in
Oir English names of trees. It is no new thing to
infer from the terms in use at the beginning of a

nation's history, the arts, customs, civilisation, of the
nation using them ; the fact, that in all, or nearly all,
Aryan languages, words for the Supreme Being, for
the king, for brother and sister, for ploughing,
grinding, building, closely resemble one another, is
admitted to show that our common ancestors in
times when they were one people, and had not yet
scattered into India, Persia, Europe, had the begin-
nings of religion and government, possessed the
family life, knew the simple arts most needed for the
comfort of home. Let us see what light will be
thrown on the habits of our more immediate Teu-
tonic forefathers, if we apply this method of investi-
gation to the popular names of plants. The follow-
ing words are common to all the Teutonic dialects ;
must have been known, that is, to the race from
which ourselves, with German, Dutch, Swedes, Danes,
Norwegian, are descended, on their first settlement
in Europe, and before they subdivided. The first
name we will take is Birch, or as Tennyson more
properly calls it, Birk. Its rind must have been
used for boat-building and for roofing houses ; for
boat-building, since the word bark from the same
root stands for ship in English, Dutch, Icelandic,
Danish; for roofing, since the old English beorgan
and the German bergen, also from the same root,
mean to cover, protect, shelter ; and thus from this
simple name we gather that our ancestors possessed
the arts of building boats and of roofing or thatch-
ing houses. Houses could not be raised without
timber ; and we find the same word as Tree in almost
every Aryan tongue standing for three things : for a
tree, for timber, for an Oak ; extending the use of
Oak wood for simple architecture back to the first
formation in Asia of our mother language, and en-
dowing us with the additional fact that our European
ancestors built of Oak timber the houses which they
roofed with Birch. In Hazel a fresh fact lies buried.
It is in all Germanic languages a form ofk&s, behest,
that is a command ; a Hazel stick having been used,
says Jacob Grimm, in earliest times as a sceptre or
baton to keep order among slaves and cattle. With-
out pressing the curious fact that the word ktelsian to
foretell, seems to indicate the ancient use of the
Hazel rod, as it is employed to-day amongst the
Cornish miners, for purposes of divination, we have
here the additional probability revealed in a single
word that our ancestors owned slaves and cattle. In
Hawthorn, common to Swedish, German, English, we
have testimony to the use of a haw, hag, h<eg, hedge, or
fence, " honouring the holy bounds of property," and
consequently to the division and appropriation of
land in earliest Teutonic times. W. Tuckioell,
Stockton Rectory, Rugby.

{To be continued.)

New or Noteworthy Plants.

TIGKIDIA PRINGLEI, Wats.

This interesting genus, which consists of some-
thing like ten species, more or less, is chiefly con-
fined to Mexico, Chili, and Peru. They are said to
have early attracted the attention of the first Spanish
emigrants, amongst whom they were known as
Tigridia flos, and it was not until about 200 years
after l'Obel's description that the first Tigridia
bloomed in England, about 1796. The above species,
a very handsome, though not a strikingly distinct
one, was recently discovered by C. G. Pringle in the
mountains of Chihuahua, much farther north than
any other species has ever been found. It is nearly
allied to the old T. pavonia ; its chief characteristics
consisting in the bright scarlet- red blades of the seg-
ments, aud in the broadly cordate or reniform petals,
which are smaller than in the old species, aud some-
what more oblong. It grows 1 to 2 feet in height,
the leaves are winged, plicate, each stem bearing
from two to six flowers. Mr. S. Watson gives only
one flower, but in the specimens which we saw at Kew,
e ich stem produced not fewer than five or six flowers.
The campanulate flowers are blotched within with
crimson, the sepals 2 to 3 inches long, the reflexed

blade bright scarlet-red. The base blotched with
crimson, with a border of bright orange.

T. Pringlei, though, as above stated, not so very
distinct from the old Pavonia, is yet a decided
acquisition, the brilliancy of its flowers, its dwarfer
and more compact habit, and the possibility also of
its being hardier than the others, is sure to make it
welcome to lovers of these bulbs. It has been
figured for the Botanical Magazine from plants which
flowered at Kew. It flowered for the first time in
the Botanic Gardens, Cambridge, Mass., in July of
last year, and was figured and described in Garden
and Forest, 1888, p. 389. D. D.

LiELIO-CATTLEYA X STELLA, 11. hljb.

This is another handsome member of a group of
bigeneric hybrids, which seems likely to become a
large and very important one for garden purposes.
It was raised by Mr. Seden for Messrs. James Veitch
& Sons, of Chelsea, from Laslia crispa, fertilised with
the pollen of Lailio-cattleyaX elegans var. Wolsten-
holmia;. The seed was sown in 1881, and the plant
flowered for the first time in July of the present
year.

At present there are six pseudobulbs, from 2 to
8 inches long, two of them with a pair of lea'ves, as
in the pollen-parent ; the remainder with one, as in
the seed-parent. These range from 4 to 12 inches
long, and are about 1J- inch broad. The raceme is
at present two-flowered, and the flowers not quite
5 inches across. The segments are of a delicate
rosy-lilac shade, the petals an inch across, but the
sepals not half as broad. The lip is three-lobed, the
front lobe a little over an inch broad, beautifully
undulate, rich deep violet-purple, with a narrow white
margin, and a little white variegation near the apex.
The side-lobes are broader, rounded, sulphur-white,
with purple tips, and the nerves of the throat and
disc purple. The column is white, stained with purple,
principally on the front face ; the pollen-masses are
very unequal. In general habit the plant is said to
resemble the pollen-parent very closely, while in the
flowers also the same influence is very marked, both
in the shape and also in the total absence of the
yellow of the lip which is seen in Lailia crispa.
Perhaps some of these characters may become some-
what modified as the plant increases ia strength, as
has been noticed in other cases. It is a decidedly
handsome hybrid. R. A. Rolfe.

REMEDY FOR THE CODLING
MOTH ON APPLE TREES.

The Apple orchard on the Kentucky Experi-
mental Station Farm, U.S., was in a very poor con-
dition. Many of the trees were old, and full of
suckers and dead limbs; the trunks were rough,
and the branches were so low as to prevent proper
cultivation of the soil beneath. The situation was
on a very wet, thin, clay soil. So far as was known,
the orchard had for many years been an entire
failure in the production of Apples.

Sometimes the trees fruited heavily, but the Apples
dropped prematurely and were said to be always very
wormy. This falling of the Apples was supposed to
be from the ravages of the Codling moth (Carpo-
capsa pomonella), which pest has nearly destroyed
successful Apple culture in the locality of Kentucky.

It was concluded to make an attempt to see
what could be done with the orchard by proper
pruning, fertilising, and cultivation ; and to attempt
the destruction of the Codling moth with sulphate of
copper.

Accordingly all dead limbs and suckers were re-
moved, and the tops of the trees were trimmed
considerably, though not to such an extent a3 to
allow the main branches to be exposed too much
to the 6un. The ground was ploughed in the open
spaces, and dug around the trees.

After the blossoms had fallen, and the young
Apples were just beginning to turn over on the
stem, trees were sprayed with a mixture of sulphate,
of copper and water.

September 21, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

323

The spraying was in this case probably some-
what too late for the best results, as the young
Apples should all be standing flower end up when
the trees are sprayed, in order that the application
may lodge in the depression at the blossom end
before the Apple turns down on its stem.
Treatment.

The spraying was done as follows :— 4 ounces of
- the sulphate of copper were dissolved in 40 gallons

■ of water, which was put into a barrel, to which was
'•attached a spraying pump with hose and nozzle.
1 This was mounted on a cart, and conveyed to the

windward side of the tree, and as one man pumped,

another held the nozzle in such a manner as to

j cause the spray to go just above the tree and fall

: down on the leaves. This was continued until the

water just began to drop from the leaves, when the

■ pump was stopped. In like manner each tree was
treated in turn.

Effects.

Most of the trees in the orchard bore fruit. Many
of the trees were loaded down. Very few of the
Apples dropped prematurely. Of those that did, but
few were wormy. In one instance 100 of the fallen
Apples were cut in two, and fourteen were found to
be wormy. At another time, fifty Juneatings were cut
in two, and nine were found to be wormy. Another
trial of all the varieties was made, and the percentage
of wormy Apples found on the ground ranged from
five to thirty.

Of the Apples on the trees but very few could be
found which had been attached by the Codling moth.
It was rare to find a wormy Apple, while in neigh-
bouring orchards, in most instances, it was equally
rare to find a sound Apple.

It was thus undoubtedly proved that spraying the
trees with a solution of sulphate of copper prevented
the Codling moth from attacking this orchard and
destroying the crop.

Should the depredations of the moth be very
severe, 1 lb. of sulphate of copper may be used in
fifty gallons of water.

The method is not new, and has been practised
successfully for years ; it is said to be a practical
remedy for practical men. J. J. Willis, Harpenden.

FUNGUS FORAY IN EPPING

FOREST.

As sure as midsummer brings in all sorts of gossip
about Roses, so does the month of September intro-
duce the topic of " Mushrooms and Toadstools." It
must not be imagined that there is an equal amount
of elevated interest in the latter case as in the
former, but there is still an interest, however circum-
scribed in its extent. For the past ten years Epping
Forest has been the scene of one or two forays in the
autumn in search of fungi, and on Saturday last
(September 14) the first of these for the present
season took place, under the auspices of the Hackney
Natural History Society, and a second is threatened
for Friday and Saturday, the 27th and 28th inst., on
behalf of the Essex Field Club. -Fungus-hunters,
. like farmers, are privileged to grumble at the wea-
ther, and this year the traditional grumble was
indulged in; for, however fine and enjoyable the day
might be, the ground was so dry and hard that the
fungi had no chance. Somehow or other, the past
two or three years have been so exceptional as
regards fungi that fungus-hunters have been almost
driven to despair. It has been the custom to make
a list at these excursions of all the species identified
daring the day, and the totals are compared year by
year. At the corresponding excursion last year the
list included some 150 species, of which twenty were
new to the forest; but on the present occasion the
list only reached 108, and only four new species,
and two well-marked varieties, were determined.
The species found for the first time in the
. forest area were. Agaricus praicox, A. semi ves-
titus, Cortinarius torvus, and Trichia scabra. The
incident of the day, however, was the finding of
, Hydnum diversidens upon some trunks in Monk's

Wood. This species was first found in Britain in
1884, when Mr. H. T. Wharton collected it from a
trunk at Fairmead, and since then it has only once
been met with until the present occasion. It is a
rare species in all parts of Europe. As for the
residue of the day's gathering, it was, on the whole,
very common-place ; the number of individuals of all
species were very few, and those of the most ordi-
nary kind. Even those discovered for the first time
in the forest are common enough in other parts of
the country, and some species usually common
everywhere could not be seen at all. Only six spe-
mens of the well-known " chantarelle " could be
found, and these are usually collected by the basket-
ful for cooking. Not a single Boletus edulis could
be seen anywhere, while such common things as
Boletus chrysenteron, Agaricus velutinus, A. infun-
dibuliformis.Marasmiusperonatus, Craterellus cornu-
copioides, Panus stypticus, &c, could not be seen at
all. The most prominent genus was Russula ; but
of all the seventy British species of Tricholoma
there were but two ; and of the fifty- three species of
Clitocybe there were but two, and thus throughout
the whole of the white-spored Agarics. This pecu-
liarity was also remarked last year. Although of
the single large genus Agaricus, no^fewer than 825
species are recorded for Great Britain, only thirty-
four were recognised throughout Saturday in the
forest.

If it had depended upon the collection of the day
to furnish the table with delicacies for the evening
meal, there must have been grievous disappoint-
ment ; for even those excursionists, of whom a few
are constantly met with, that bring their baskets in
the hope of carrying home a supply of edible fungi
sufficient for two or three days, were disgusted. All
together, the edible fungi collected, at all fit for the
purpose, would not have constituted more than one
meal for a healthy man. M. C. ft

LIST OF GARDEN ORCHIDS.

(Continued from p. 156.)

(Bletia pratensis, Rchb. f.), T. schcenina (Bletia
schmnina, Rchb. f.), T. Schomburgkii {Bletia
Schomburgkii, Rchb. f.), and T. teacra (Bletia
tenera, A. Rich.). Leptotes, Lindl., referred
here by Bentham seems quite distinct. See
remarks under the following genus.

LEPTOTES.

84. Leptotes, Lindl., Bot. Beg., xix. (1833), t. 1625.
— Segments spreading; lip 3-lobed, side-lobes
auriculiform, clasping the column ; pollen-
masses eight. Dwarf plants, with small and
slender pseudobulbs ; leaves subterete and
fleshy ; racemes short, 1 — 3 flowered. Ben-
tham reduces this to Tetramicra, in which
the lip is widely spreading from the extreme
base, and the side-lobes do not clasp the
column (besides the different habit), so that I
feel compelled to restore it to generic rank. —
Species about five, natives (where known) of
Brazil.

(1.) L. bicolor, Lindl., Bot. Beg., xix. (1833),
t. 1625 ; Bot. Mag., t. 3734 (var. glaucophylla,
Hook.) ; Lindenia, iv., t. 157. Tetramicra
bicolor, Benth., in Journ. Linn. Soc, xviii., p.
314 ; Rolfe, in Gard. Chron., 1883, ii., p. 20,
fig. 5 (with three lips) ; Veitch, Man. Orch.
PL, pt. 2, p. 99. Leptotes serrulata, Lindl.,
Sert. Orch. (1838), t. 11. L. glaucophylla,
Hoffmannsegg, in Bot. Zeit., i. (1843), p. 833.
— Brazil. Introduced from the Organ Moun-
tains, and flowered in the collection of Mrs.
Arnold Harrison, of Liverpool, in 1833.

(2.) L. mindta. Tetramicra minuta, Rolfe, in
Gard. Chron., 1889, i., p. 526.— A remarkable
little species, which flowered in the collection
of Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, of Chelsea,
during the present year. Nothing is known of
its origin, but I suspect, like the four other
known species, it came from Brazil.

(3.) L. tenuis, Rchb. f., in Hamb. Garten:.,
xxi. (1865), p. 296.— Brazil. Introduced by
Mr. Blunt, for Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., and
flowered in the collection of J. Day, Esq., at
Tottenham. Segments yellowish, lip white,
with dark violet blotch. B. A. Rolfe, Her-
barium, Kew.

(To be continued.')

CATTLEYOFSIS.

83. Cattleyopsis, Lem., Jard. Fleur., iv. (1854),
Misc., pp. 59, 60, fig. 1. Lceliopsis, Lindl.,
in Paxt. Fl. Gard., iii. (1852—3), p. 156, in
part; Benth. and Hook, f., Gen. Plant, iii.,
p. 532, in part.— A monotypic genus, with the
habit of Broughtonia, but differing in having
erght pollen masses, instead of four. It is
correctly defined and figured by Lemaire, who
points out its great similarity to Lajliopsis
domingensis, Lindl., though he does not men-
tion a second species, L. Lindenii, Lindl.,
which I am convinced is specifically identical
with Lemaire's plant. The genus Lajliopsis
of Lindley is a complete mixture. He first
carefully defines it as having only four pollen-
masses, and then proceeds to add Laslia
Lindenii, Lindl., Broughtonia chinensis,
Lindl., and Epidendrum cubense, Lindl. ; the
first with eight pollen-masses, and identical
with the above, and the two latter being
species of Epidendrum. Bentham and Hooker
ascribe eight pollen-masses to the genus, but
this is evidently taken from L. Lindenii,
Lindl., which does not properly belong to the
genus at all. For these reasons I have con-
sidered Lseliopsis as a name to be completely
suppressed.

(1.) C. delicatula, Lem., Jard. Fleur., iv.
(1854), Misc., pp. 59, 60, fig. 1. Lmlia Lin-
denii, Lindl.. Orch. Linden (1846), p. 10;
Sagra, Ft. Ctibana, iii., p. 243, t. 82, excl.
syn. Ltrliopsis Lindenii, Lindl.. in Paxt. Fl.
Gard., iii. (1852—3), p. 156. Bletia Lindenii,
Rchb. f., in Walp., Ann. Bot., vi. (1861), p.

431. Cuba. Flowered in the collection of

M. Ambrose Verschaffelt, in 1854.
Tetramicra, Lindl., Gen. # Sp. Orch. (1831),
p. 119, comes here, and is characterised by
the spreading segments, and the lip also
spreading from the base, but none of the
species appear to have been in cultivation.
They appear to be eight in number, though
four of them do not appear to have yet been
referred to Tetramicra. These are T. pratensis

UMBERSLADE HALL

Is the residence of George F. Muntz, Esq., and is
situated betwixt Warwick and Redditch. It is a
fine mansion, and the pleasure grounds and gardens
are extensive and well kept. Conifers luxuriate
here, and Abies nobilis is in fine character, and grows
freely near the ornamental water, the rich glaucous
colour being easily distinguished at a distance, and
some of the trees are 50 feet high. Wellingtonias
(Sequoias) also do well here.

Two large masses of Nymphaaa alba are striking
objects just now in the pool. Mr. Pritchard, the
head gardener here, formed two mud clumps for
these [plants, and by giving them room they have
grown freely, and the white flowers are very numerous,
and treated in this way they are, indeed, ornamental
In the flower gardens in front of the Hall, one bed
in particular well deserves notice. It is a very long
curved bed, in which are a large number of the rich
crimson-scarlet Lobelia Queen Victoria, carpeted
with yellow Calceolarias, blue Ageratum, and edged
with Dactylis glomerata variegata. It is a won-
derfully bright bed, and scarlet Lobelias should be
used more than they are. Some fail to keep them
through the winter. Mr. Pritcbard's plan is
to keep them in a cool frame near the glass, and
not to allow them to get too dry. Dahlia Glow of the
Gardens Improved certainly deserves its name for
brilliancy and effectiveness, and another bed of
Amaranth pink Pelargonium, bordered with Dean's
True Blue Viola, and fringed with the variegated
Dactylis, has been, and still is, very beautiful.
Violas for bedding are in favour at Umberslade, and
they certainly deserve it. The old double orange-
scarlet Tropaiolum, trained in a pyramidal form,
gives us another old-fashioned plant, which can be
made very useful in flower gardening. Plants about
2 feet high occupy the centre of smaller beds, and
are well in bkiom. Six carpet beds close together

324

THE GARDENERS3 CHRONICLE.

[September 21, 1889,

are worth seeing; they are very fine indeed, and so
well kept, and the Alternantheras are so well coloured.
Eulalias zebrina and japonica are also very effective
centre plants in some of the beds. In the con-
servatory, a huge specimen Acacia dealbata occupies
a good portion of the roof, and in one of the stoves
Gloriosa superba asserts its claim as one of our best
and most striking warm-house creepers. Aristo-
lochia elegans is also in bloom, and is another fine
warm-house creeper.

A new Peach-house 80 feet long by 16.J- feet wide
was built last winter. It has a south aspect, and is a
lean-to with a short hip-roof at the back. The
house is one of the best we have seen, capitally
built, and with a tiled walk in front inside, allowing
space for a narrow front shelf, and room to move
about. The border for the trees risas about a foot
from the path, and has a blue brick frontage, so that
the path forms a wide trough for damping in very
hot weather, and plants, if necessary, can be stood
on the ridge. The wire trellis for the trees is curvi-
linear, and not too close to the glass. It is 8 feet
wide, rising from 5 to 6 feet at the back, and
cordon Pear trees are planted at the back of the
Peach tree border to train to the roof. Some of
these, notably Souvenir du Congres, with very fine
fruits ; Louise Bonne of Jersey, and Alexander
Lambre, a very fine late Pear, with fine fruit on now,
although planted only a year since, have fruited well.
Peach trees and cordon Pears occupy the back wall.
Of course, there has been ample room this year in
this house for Tomatos, and the plants are strong
and abundantly cropped, and the fruit very fine.
Mr. Pritchard has good loam at command, and he is
a firm believer in Thomson's Vine manure, which
he uses for Tomatos also, and they evidently like it,
for the fruit is also so fine. Sutton's Perfection and
Hackwood Park are the favourites here ; Golden
Queen is also very fine, and here and there is a plant
of Hepworth's Goliath, a great cropper, but the fruit
is much more corrugated in form than the others.

Pines are done very well indeed here, fruiting
succession and suckers in the same houses. Liberal
treatment by frequent waterings with Thomson's
Vine manure in solution, poured into the axils of
the leaves (not the centre of the plants) is adopted
here, and certainly more highly finished fruits could
not be found. Mr. Pritchard thinks much of Char-
lotte Rothschild, and he grows Queens, and prefers
one of them which he had under the name of Enville
Queen. The Pine-houses are low, span-roofed, the
floor below the ground level, and a division in the
centre of the range, which is 50 feet long by 15 feet
wide, and for health and vigour, and quantity of
fruit cut from the limited space, Umberslade can
hold its own. Rambler No. 2.

PEACH TKEES AT NUTFIELD
PRIORY.

These are now in fine condition, and are not in
the least affected by the unpropitious weather of
last year — nor has the past dull summer influenced
them unfavourably, unless it be with the later sorts,
which, should the autumn sunshine prove short,
then fruits may not ripen well enough for dessert,
although good enough for cooking; indeed, the late
Peaches rarely ripen perfectly out-of-doors, and, on
that account they should be sparingly planted.

In the present instance there is nothing to be
desired — they are planted against a brick wall, 12 feet
high and nearly 300 feet long. It has a southern
aspect, and stands at the base of one of the green-
sand ridges on which the Priory itself is built— thus
Vaving complete shelter from the north. The ma-
jority of the trees have now been planted about ten
years. They are fan trained, and the young wood is
always laid in thinly to ensure proper ripening,
there being just enough to clothe the wall, and no
more. The trees, where the fruit remains, are regu-
larly studded all over with bright, clean fruits, and
of the various Peaches grown, Mr. Moffatt, the gar-
dener, who by-the-way planted the trees, speaks
highly of Condor, a handsome free sort, coming in

before Early York, itself a good early variety ;
Dymond, large and prolific ; Goshawk, rather pale,
but a fine Peach ; Stirling Castle, and Violette
Hative. Of older varieties there are Bellegarde
and Royal George ; Noblesse, which does very well,
and when grown outside, as it is here, it takes on a
deep colour. Albatross does well and produces large
fruits, and various late varieties are included in the
collection, but sometimes the ripening season is too
short for them ; but those which succeed best this
year are, Barrington, Sea Eagle, and late Admirable.
Nectarines have also been planted, but they do not
ripen satisfactorily without the aid of glass, there-
fore they are grown almost exclusively indoors.
F.R.

A BOTANIC GARDEN AMONG
THE ALPS.

A few months ago the Gardeners' Chronicle spoke
of the institution, in the Alps of Valais, of a botanic
garden. This garden was inaugurated by a brilliant
fete, which attracted to Bourg St. Pierre a large
number of the botanists and savants of all countries.

The new garden is at an elevation of more than
5600 feet above the level of the sea. It is situated
on a cone-shaped knoll, on which was formerly
the old chateau, of Quart. This knoll is about
200 feet high, and is composed of a number
of plateaux and natural terraces, planted with Pinus
Cembra and Larch, and faces north, east, and west.
On the summit is a plateau facing the south, on
which is raised a large federal banner which will
remain there until the committee have sufficient
means to establish a little chalet, which will contain
the library and herbarium of the garden.

The Association for the Protection of Plants (the
President is our Swiss correspondent, M. H.
Correvon) has bought the land, and converted it
into an alpine garden, suitable for plants from all
the alpine regions of the globe. It has been laid out
with this idea, and representatives of the floras of
the Himalayas, of the American mountains, of New
Zealand, of the Antarctic regions, of the Caucasus,
of Siberia, of the Pyrenees, the Alps, Carpathians,
and the Ural, will be separated, and each cultivated
in a special division.

M. H. Correvon on July 19 last, at a special meet-
ing at Bourg St. Pierre, placed the title-deeds of the
property of the garden in the hands of the President
of the International Committee of the Linnica, M.
A. de Claparede, formerly Swiss Ambassador at
Vienna, and President of the Federal Political De-
partment. An International Committee was duly
established, and the garden was accepted by M. de
Claparede on the part of the Protection Association,
which, not being registered, has no legal title to the
possession of funded property.

Naturally, M. H. Correvon was named Director of
this new trial garden, in which he had already
planted several thousand mountain plants, thanks to
the generosity of an Englishman, Dr. G. Romanes,
and to the Jardin d'Acclimatation of Geneva.

This Botanic Garden is at so high an elevation
that interesting observations can be made concern-
ing the floras of all the Alpine regions of the globe,
on the relations of plants with insects, their ac-
climatisation, variability, &c. The importance
of such a space for trials is inestimable, and is
demonstrated by the fact that the International
Committee of the Linnsea has on its lists the names
of such authorities as Sir John Lubbock, M.P., Dr.
G. Romanes, Mr. H. L. de Vilmorin, and Mr. John
Ball.

Already consignments of plants have been sent to
M. Correvon for the Linnasa, and a German botanist
who is travelling in the East, and is continuing the
work of Boissier — M. Bornmuller — has promised
some interesting specimens. Other parcels are ex-
pected from Canada, Greenland, and New Zealand.
We invite those of our readers who are in suitable
latitudes, to send to M. Correvon seeds or bulbs
from the northern regions in which they are travel-
ling, for the alpine garden of Bourg St. Pierre,

which will necessarily serve later on for the tem-
porary reception of plants from high altitudes which
cannot be acclimatised directly with us, but require
to be subjected to an intermediate temperature fir6t
In this way, M. Correvon is growing to try to accli-
matise the celebrated but fragile Calypso borealis
which he hopes to introduce into cultivation by
accustoming it to this intermediate position.,

It is evident that the Alpine Botanic Garden of
Bourg St. Pierre should have the sympathies not
only of botanists but also of horticulturists. The
Swiss Alpine Club, the Association for the Protec-
tion of Plants, the French Alpine Club, and several
botanical societies, have voted annual subsidies to
the Garden, and the members of these societies will
have free admittance on their statement that they
are members. Other persons have to pay an en-
trance-fee of bd.

We give two views (figs. 48 and 49, pp. 325 and
328), one representing the Botanic Garden, the other
the village of Bourg St. Pierre. This village is situ-
ated on the main route to the Great St. Bernard, and
2k hours from the well-known Hospice. It is just at
the confluence of the valleys of Valsorey and Entre-
monts, and in a country rich in rare plants and natural
beauties. We heartily wish success to the work under-
taken in this beautiful corner of the Pennine Alps.

Orchid Notes and Gleanings.

BULBOPHYLLUM SALTATORIUM, Linil.

A short time ago the remarkable movements of
the labellum of Bulbophyllum barbigerum, and the
attention the plant received when exhibited at the
summer show of the Royal Horticultural Society, in
the Middle Temple Gardens, were mentioned in
these columns. A closely allied species, in which
precisely similar movements occur, may now be seeu
in the Kew collection. It isB. saltatorium, Lindl.;
like the other, a native of Sierra Leone, and pre-
senting scarcely any essential differences of struc-
ture, though of smaller size. In both cases the
slightest current of air is sufficient to set the lips in
motion, and the effect, as they continually pop
up and down, is extremely curious. It was the
movements of the lip, rather then the flowers them-
selves, that rivetted my attention, when passing, the
other morning ; just as a moving insect would
attract notice, which at rest would be passed un-
observed. And the next discoverv was, of course,
that the ventilators were open. A " little athlete,"
B. barbigerum was called, though the term is scarcely
applicable, any more than it would be to a windmill
in motion, for it is the currents of air which supply
the motive power, and the lip remains quiescent in a
perfectly still atmosphere. The movements, however,
must serve to excite a considerable amount of
curiosity in the minds of passing insects of prying
dispositions, and there can be no doubt of the
end it serves in the process of fertilisation. It is
very interesting to observe the way in which the
hinge of the labellum and the curious horns of the
column act, as it were, in guiding the movements in
one particular direction. It would be very interest-
ing to watch these plants in their native wilds, and
note by what insects they are visited. R. A. Rolfe.

Orchids at Messrs. Jas. Veitch & Sons'.

In the cool-houses at the Royal Exotic Nursery,
King's Road, Chelsea, among a fine show of Masdeval-
lias, Odontoglossum macranthum, and Odontoglos-
sum, appears a novel form of spotted Odontoglossum
crispum, which, in spite of numerous competitors,
may well be deemed first-class. Its flowers, which
are heavily blotched all over with violet-purple, bear
a striking resemblance to the famous O. Pescatorei
Veitchianum. Also in bloom in the ornamental
rock-house are the true O. bictonense album, the
rare Calanthe veratfifolia australe, with fine large
heads of white flowers, the older ones having bright
yellow labella ; Peristeria elata, good specimens .

September 21. 1389.]

TEE GARDENERS1 CHRONICLE,

325

at most of the Miltonias, Lailia elegans in several

forms.

• In the recently constructed Dendrobmm-house, a
marvellous growth has been put on all the species
this year ; 1). ciliatum, the new D. chrysolabium, the
richly-coloured D. rhodostoma, D. superbum Burkei,
the rare D. Wardianum giganteum, and a fine new
species from New Guinea, with stout spikes of white
flowers with rose lips, are in bloom.

Among a number of fine Cypripedmms in bloom
! is a large specimen of an unique form of C. niveum
! with perfectly formed snow-white flowers, heavily
' blotched with purple. The Vandas here are in grand
order, V. Sanderiana, V. insignis, a number of plants
I of V.'ciernlea, and others being in bloom or bud.

Vanda (Renanthera Lown).
A fine specimen of this stately Orchid, worthy of

of Catasetum Bungerothii are in flower, also a
batch of the true Dendrobium Phalamopsis ; a
fine group of Vanda Kimballiana (see p. 335, fig
r>0), one plant having a spike 18 inches in
length, with twelve flowers ; Lailia amanda, and
several handsome forms of L. elegans; two fine
examples of Vanda Sanderiana, one with two
spikes of eight flowers each ; the rare Sacoo-
labium miniatum ; Oncidium janeirense majus,
a large quantity of Odontoglossum grande, and
other Odontoglossums ; Masdevallia inflata, and
other rare Masdevallias ; several grand examples
of the snow-white Angracum articulatum, a splen-
did form of Miltonia speetabilis Moreliana, and
good specimens of M. Candida grandiflora ; Bulbo-
phyllum umbellatum, and various other rare plants
of botanical interest, as well as the ordinary showy
things of the season.

as to be worthy of being placed upon record in the
pages of the Gardeners' Chronicle, and thus serve as
incentives to others. We write therefore literally
pour encourat/er les autres, as well as to give to mere
merit its due.

It was about the time of the sale of the Meadow-
bank collection that Mr. Edward Boyes, of Burn-
park, came to live in the locality, and built for
himself a comfortable villa in the outskirts of the
village, and there began to spend much of his spare time
in horticultural pursuits. He first came into notice
as a successful grower of Ericas, and not only de-
lighted his friends with the beautiful specimens he
produced, but took a prominent place as an exhibitor,
and soon became known amongst competitors as a
very dangerous rival. His success with these plants,
which many find so difficult to manage, was quite
remarkable, and in his treatment of them he proved

Fig. 4S. — the village oi- bocrg st. pierre: site or the alpine qasdex. isee p. 324 )

record, is now in flower at Messrs J. Veitch & Sons'
nursery, Chelsea. It has three spikes, each 7 feet
or so in length, and bearing numerous large wax-
like flowers, with yellowish ground colour, richly
barred with brownish-red ; the two basal odd flowers
nearest the plant on each spike orange-coloured,
spotted with crimson. The plant is in fine health,
and the vivid colours of the flowers show it to be a
very superior variety. To a lover of flowers, who
had never seen this plant in bloom, a long journey
should not prevent him availing himself of the oppor-
tunity, especially as it may be witnessed among
such a profusion of rare things as there is always
to be found in this famed establishment.

Orchids at Mr. W«. Boll's.

The extensive collection here has perhaps never
been in so good condition as at present, and seldom
at this season can such showy and interesting things
be seen in the Orchid-houses. Several fine examples

Mr. Boies Orchids.

To the young generation of orchid-growers, that
part of the vale of the Clyde where the thriving
village of Cddingston is situated will probably be
little known, but the name will awaken memories
in the earlier cultivators, and very pleasant ones, of
the renowned collection which existed at Meadow-
bank some years ago.

It is now sixteen years since the fine specimens
comprised in that collection were brought to the
hammer, but the writer of this notice has thought
that it may be of interest to some of those who were
drawn to the locality by the attractions of the
Meadowbank plants, to know that a love of Orchids
still lingers in that neighbourhood, and that their
cultivation is being successfully and unostentatiously
carried on by a gentleman who deservedly ranks in the
West of Scotland as one of the foremost amateurs of
the day, and the results of his efforts are so marked

himself a gardener by intuitiou. Having no training
in the art, he relied chiefly on his own close study
and observation of the requirements of his favourites,
though always ready to accept a hint when he saw
he could do so with advantage, and his success with
Ericas was, no doubt, due, in a considerable degree,
to the close and unremitting care with which he
tended them. Amongst the trophies which he carried
off at shows are a Silver Cup, won in Glasgow in
1.S77 for twelve specimen plants ; a Silver Cup, also
gained in Glasgow in 1875 for a collection of plants,
and which became his property after having won it
two years in succession; a tea and coffee service
carried off in 1883 ; two Veitch Memorial Medals
awarded him at Dundee International Exhibition in
1SS1— one for the best specimen Orchid, and the
other for the best specimen stove or greenhouse
plant in the exhibition ; besides many other impor-
tant prizes, which space will not admit of our
mentioning in detail.

326

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Septemeeb 21, 1889.

A few years ago, not content with his suceess
with Heaths and the few stove and greenhouse
plants which he was enabled to grow, Mr. Boyes
took to growing and showing Orchids. His efforts
with these have been chiefly confined to what are
known as the cool Orchids, and principally Odonto-
glossums. His collection at present includes upwards
of one hundred plants of O. Alexandra; and its
varieties, which are his special favourites. Amongst
these may be found :— O. roseum, Warnerii, &c, and
fine specimens of Andersonianum, baphicanthum,
Chestertonii, &c. ; and thriving young plants of
Pescatorei, Rossi major, Harryanum, and others.
Amongst other species of Orchids in his collection
is a beautiful lot of Masdevallias, fine strong plants
of the leading varieties, the names of which need
not be given in detail, together with such old-estab-
lished favourites as Epidendrum vitellinum majus,
Mesospinidium vulcanicum, &c. One of his houses
Mr. Boyes has set aside chiefly for his specimen 0.
Alexandras, to make room [for which he has dis-
carded all his specimen Heaths, and it would be
difficult to find a prettier sight than this house pre-
sents when the plants are at the height of their
bloom. Whether from the point of view of the
selectness of the varieties, or the luxuriance of growth
displayed, it is no exaggeration to say that a degree
of perfection has been attained by Mr. Boyes, which
attests hi* ability as a collector and cultivator. I
will add that, while giving most of his attention to
cool Orchids, Mr. Boyes does not leave out of sight
those which require a warmer treatment; and of
these he has a nice collection of Cattleyas, Dendro-
biums, Lselias, &c, in excellent condition. In his
treatment of his plants he does not profess to have
any secret ; and he has found no royal road to suc-
cess—plodding carefulness and intelligent study of the
requirements of the various species, being sufficient
for the purpose. 5. E.

The Gardens of Paris.

THE GREAT EXHIBITION.

At the Exhibition, in the grounds of the Troca-
dero, various sections of horticulture are well repre-
sented, and the devotion of a good deal of time must
be counted upon. Almost a day may be given to a
general inspection; there is no part without in-
terest; and, unless care betaken, it is almost certain
that something of consequence may be missed. This
may be said of certain new plants, of which, in this
country, we have only heard, that occupy little beds
here and there. Nicotiana colossea, and Solanum
albidum Portmanii, both good and sub-tropical
plants, may be instanced among them.

Fruit trees form an important feature ; but of
greater consequence than all, in my opinion, are the
fine exhibits of trees and shrubs, in which some
very good Conifene are included.

Fine Palms and magnificent Bamboos, brought
from the South of France, show well their effect in a
favoured climate. Among the Palms there is nothing
so fine as Brahea, or Pritchardia Roezli, which has
remarkably handsome glaucous leaves ; Cocos Yatai,
resembling C. australis, but of stouter habit, with
which I was before unacquainted, seems to be used a
good deal; and Phanix canadensis and Jubrea spec-
tabilis, of course, are stock subjects in the south.
Aquatics are shown in choice variety, and among
them Nymphrca odorata sulphurea, with fine yellow
flowers, the petals narrower than those of N. Mar-
liacea chromatella, seemed to me the most striking ;
but there are various red forms of Nymphaia, and
several other aquatics, also good. In the Japanese
garden there is much interest, but the good points,
unfortunately, are mixed with a bulk not at all
deserving of notice, and of no credit whatever from
any point of view. Various beds about the grounds
are good, and especially among them may be men-
tioned those of the new Cannas, Montbretias, and
Cockscombs. One of the prettiest was of white
Bouvardia and Montbretia in combination.

The plant-houses, themselves the subject of exhi-
bition, are numerous, and contain in some cases
special exhibits, as of Cacti and Bromeliaceoe, but in
others the contents are mixed. Off-hand, the houses
filled by M. Jolibois, of the Luxembourg Gardens ;
Truffant, of Versailles ; and by M. Cappe, with his
1st prize collection of Bromeliaceaj, may be specified.
On the other side of the Seine there is not much
of consequence, but the Cacti and other succulents
about the Mexican pavilion near the Eiffel Tower
may be mentioned as worth inspection, more par-
ticularly by the specialist, who may, I think, find a
novel kind or two. Some of the specimens are large,
but a better show could have been made with plants
not especially imported. The Agaves, of which
we heard so much, are not dead, but are in a state
of picturesque ruin.

Jardin Fleueiste.
In combination with the exhibition there is only
one visit to make, and that is to the Jardin Fleuriste
at La Muette. It is reached by steam or ordinary
tram in some few minutes from the outside of the
Trocadero, and, like all the gardens or nurseries
devoted to the service of the city of Paris, is well
worth a visit. Here all the tender gardening is done,
whether for indoor decoration, or summer decoration
in the parks and squares. The operations are ex-
tensive, as may be judged from the 280,000 Pelar-
goniums that are supplied for bedding out. But this
must not give the idea that choice collection plants
are out of court, for there are manv good things to
be seen, and the furnishing sets themselves are more
varied and have greater interest than would be the
case with us.

The Bois de Boulogne
must, of course, be seen, and, with the two ex-
cellent nurseries for the supply of trees and
shrubs to the squares of Paris, will take an
entire day. La Muette, it may be remembered,
is close to one of the gates, but it is so conveniently
reached from the exhibition, that a few hours can
easily be given from the days spent in that quarter.
The Bois, it must be remembered, is extensive, and,
in point of time and other considerations, a convey-
ance may be necessary. In that case, the best
approach would be from the Arc de Triomphe ; but
there are many others, and boat and rail may be
taken from various quarters. The most necessary
to be seen, perhaps, is the beautiful scenery of the
upper and lower lakes, which has resulted from
skilful planting. Not far from the upper lake, and
near the Porte dAuteuil, is one of the nurseries
above referred to — that for evergreens and Conifene ;
the other, for deciduous trees and shrubs, is distant
from it about half an hour's walk, near the Porte de
St. Cloud. Both these nurseries are remarkable for
their choice contents, and for the intelligent selection
of all that is new and old for the purpose of town
gardening.

Quite on the opposite side of the Bois is the Jardin
d'Acclimatation, which may be visited as a good
zoological garden, but it is not now worth while visit-
ing for the sake of the plants which are said not to
attract sufficiently. Some, however, especially Palms
— and good ones, too — are kept for sale. Caryota
urens seems to do remarkably well on the low
temperature of the winter garden, but it was planted
out when already a good specimen.
Versailles.
At Versailles a couple of days may be spent with
advantage. Little is gained in going or returning
by tram, and to save time it is much the best to take
a railway-ticket from St. Lazare. One of the prin-
cipal nurseries is that of A. Truffant in the Rue
des Chantiers ; it is rich in choice contents, and is
extremely well managed. Many good ideas of cul-
ture may be got here. Orchids are a specialty, and
Bromeliads receive special attention ; Aroids, too,
are well grown. Another good nursery is that of
Duval in the Rue de l'Ermitage ; and another also,
belonging to M. Moser, 1, Rue Symphorien. M.
Truffant has a house devoted to his plants in the
grounds of the Trocadero, and it should not be

missed. To me the School of Horticulture was a
chief objective, and commencing a day with it,
the tram may be taken at the Versailles station for the
" Orangerie." It is chiefly devoted to fruit and
vegetable culture, in which much may be learnt;
plant growing is not so well done, and much better
culture can be seen elsewhere. This is a serious
attempt of its kind, but the opinion forced itself
upon me that with Kew and the instruction given
there, with Chiswick and our great nurseries, and
the numerous private establishments where work is
well done, coupled with the press of this
country, our gardeners need in no degree be
behind for want of a similar school of horticulture.
In practical work, the end of all, they are not ;
excellences and deficiencies on both sides make a
fair balance. From the School of Horticulture to the
Palace is but a step, and going through to the gardens
behind, a stroll of half an hour or so will give a
good idea of the landscape gardening of a bygone
period. It shows what to avoid — a maze of inter-
secting avenues — and therefore needs no further
remark. A walk of about twenty minutes, and we
reach the Great Trianon, where there is little to
note from the present point of view. The grounds
of the Great and the Little Trianon adjoin, and we
pass at once to the latter, which are well worth
seeing. They are laid out in the style termed
English, and surpass all else to be seen of the kind
in the neighbourhood of Paris. Many fine old trees
could tell of Marie Antoinette, and among them are
interesting and choice kinds. Some Taxodiums
by the lake present the finest up-growth of big roots
I remember to have seen, and for some distance
the banks are buttressed with great post-like roots,
as if the trees had the intention of supporting the
banks for their own preservation. Near the
orangery is a fine Wellingtonia with a stem girth of
14 feet, and near to it a most beautiful Sophora
japonica pendula, as well as a gigantic fastigiate
Oak. In this garden are the finest old Junipers I
have seen. 1?. I. L.

The Herbaceous Border.

EARLY FLOWERING PHLOXES.

From time to time much has been written upon
the general usefulness of the late flowering or decus-
sata section of Phloxes, which are generally known
as herbaceous, and yet, at the same time, next to
nothing is said of the " early flowering," by which I
mean those which figure under the head of P. suf-
fruticosa. As a matter of fact, they seem almost
forgotten, though this is hardly to be understood, for
they are equally beautiful in their way, though not
possessing.the intense shades of colour of the decus-
sata group ; as pot plants, however, they are much
superior by reason of their less gross growth, and
their dwarf, compact habit. The rougher foliage of
the decussata section is in these replaced by
smooth shining leaves, having more the appearance
of the hybrid form of Pentstemon gentianoides. In
the majority of instances these rarely exceed 2 feet
high, some only half that height, while a very few
attain to 2.} or 3 feet high.

When in charge of the hardy plant department of
Messrs. Rollisson's nurseries at Tooting some years
a<To,I remember some very good distinct kinds of this
section of Phloxes, which produced very fine heads of
flowers ; and mention may be made of Miss RobertsoD,
a pure white self, with massive panicles of bloom ; this
variety rarely exceeds 15 inches high, and of its
grandeur few people are aware. I may state that its
trusses of bloom would measure fully 9 inches deep,
i.e., from the summit to the base of the truss. Mrs.
Hunter, pure white with rosy-crimson eye, was
another very fine variety; and to these, if a choice
selection be required, may be added : King of Purples,
Lady Napier, fine pure white; Mrs. James Watt,
fine white, with rosy-lilac centre, large pips and
excellent spike ; Rosy Gem, Argus, French white ;
Snowflake and Swan, both grand white selfs; and
A. McKinnon, rosy-purple with crimson centre. A»

September 21, 1889. J

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

327

1 have previously stated, the brighter shades of
■which we have so much in the decussata section, are
still wanting in the varieties of suffruticosa, this
group containing a very large proportion of whites,
with centres of crimson, or shades akin to that
colour. Invariably, however, the white is very clear,
and the crimson or rosy-lilac centre well defined,
therefore resulting in a very effective combination.
These varieties are as easily grown as any, and being
perfectly hardy, should find a greater number of
admirers than they have at present; but doubtless
this will follow when they are better known. Before
concluding my reference to these, I should like to
state that it occurred to me as very misleading a
short time since, when a variety named "White
Swan," a white with crimson eye, was awarded a
floricultnral certificate by the Royal Botanic Society,
Regent's Park, a pure white self with fine truss, and
bearing the same name, having been in cultivation
for years past ; the plants exhibited, I should regard
as Mrs. Hunter, or one very similar. J.

Anemone japonica.

There are few more useful or effective autumn-
flowering plants than the above, and the variety
A. j. alba, or Honorine Jobert, is usually the most
-valued. The plant is said to have originated as a
sport from the ro6e- coloured A. japonica in the
garden of M. Jobert ; there is also a light rose-
coloured variety, the exact counterpart of A. j. alba,
only differing in colour, and various speculations and
conjectures have been advanced as to its probable
origin, but very possibly it may also have been a
sport from the type japonica.

As with many other hardy herbaceous plants, the
best results are obtained by good treatment, and
large masses of the plant should be grown where
much cut bloom is required. When this is done, the
results are very much better than when a single
•clump is huddled up with other plants in a border,
not that the plant is unable to take care of itself,
but in such positions it is difficult to afford it the
best cultivation.

A very successfully grown group of the white
variety is now in flower in Mrs. Fielden's garden at
Nuffield Priory, Surrey. From Mr. Moffat, the
gardener, I learned that the site is put into good
condition for the plants by being trenched and
manured. At first the roots are stood widely apart,
but the plant spreads rapidly by side-roots, which
send up new shoots, that in a short space o f
time the plants soon meet, and form one mass of
stems. In winter the clumps are heavily mulched
with manure, which, while enriching the soil,
serves also to hold moisture about the roots in
summer. Under this treatment, towards the end of
August they begin to yield great quantities of
flowers. In regard to position, it may be stated that
a mass planted on the north, and oue on the south
side of a wall, that on the north side was much the
better, thus showing that moisture was of more im-
portance to its growth than direct sunlight. Periodi-
cal division and replanting is advisable, when they
get very crowded. F. R.

CAMELLIAS.

In Southern Japan I saw many trees from S
to 10 metres high, and 1 metre in circumference.
The plants in their wild condition reach the
same height, but not the same thickness of
trunk. A magnificent specimen in the court of
the temple at Yutenji, near Tcjkio, with straight
trunk and beautifully formed crown, I estimated in
4874, by its shadow, at 5 metres high. The trunk had
acircumference of 147 metre. Inl844Lehmann found
the latter 153 metre, and the height 55 metres.
The age of the tree was given him as 120 years. . . .

The Camellia (C. japonica, Lind.) is everywhere
indigenous in Southern Japan. It grows to a good-
sized tree in the mountain forests of Kiushiu and
Thikoku, often at an elevation of 800 m. above the
sea ; it extends into the deciduous forests, where it
is distinguished for size above all the other ever-

greens except Conifers. It is found with the ever-
green Oaks on the south-eastern coast of Hondo as
far as the 36th parallel, and as a large bush on the
Bay of Yedo. The northern limit of its natural
growth on the coast of the Japan Sea is the hill-
country of Northern Echigo, about 38° N. latitude.
I found it there in the Pine and bush forests as a
bush 1 m. high. In Southern Kiushiu trees of
10 m. high and 14 m. circumference are frequently
seen. I found this size, however, only among culti-
vated trees. I saw here also often the parasite,
Viscum articulatum, Burm., on its branches. In its
wild state the Camellia blossom is a simple red
flower, which never opens to the full, but remains
half-closed, like a Tulip. This variety is cultivated
solely for the oil, and only as far as the Tsugaru
Straits. Both the single and double Camellias are
found in gardens and temple groves ; the latter, how-
ever, in fewer varieties than with us. The blooming
season begins according to the latitude — in January
or February, and lasts until April. The colour of
the wood changes gradually from a light grey or pink
to darker shades. The bark resembles that of the
Beech tree. Rein, "Industries of Japan."

Vegetables.

PEA,

Mr. Gilbert sent
sample of this Pea.
The pods measure a
and a little over half
green, linear-falcate,
very delicate flavour,
the season of the
specially commended

CHARLES I.

us some short time since a
It is a dwarf kind, very prolific,
little over 3 inches in length,
an inch in breadth, are dark-
with about eight small Peas, of
Judging from the sample and
year, this is a variety to be
for its excellent quality.

Cauliflower Sutton's Magnum Bonum.

This is a fine acquisition amongst Cauliflowers,
and was sent out by the firm whose name it bears, two
years ago. It combines early maturity and good
flavour — that is, freedom from rankness — and when
better known, it is a variety that is sure to become
a favourite in gardens. When cooked, the head is
white as snow, and firm. The plant is a dwarf
grower, with ample foliage, which protects it from
the sun, so that the head does not get discoloured.
Seed was sown March 15 under glass, the seedlings
pricked out in boxes in good soil as soon as possible
and planted out in the quarters at the end of April ;
fine heads were formed in the first week in June,
and we have still a good supply from this sowing.
A. B. C.

Late Peas.

Peas have been a rather precarious crop in some
places this season. I have noticed that as a rule the
later growing Peas have been the best and the least
affected with mildew. We have had a good supply,
daily, np to the present time, and our last, Ne plus
ultra, is now in bloom. During the last two weeks,
we have been gathering Duke of Albany, Telephone,
and British Queen, from sowings made on June .'!,
and the Peas gathered have been as good in quality
as any picked in July. It is good practice to make
several sowings of the larger Marrow Peas for late
crops, and by that means extend the season of first-
rate Peas, although it is very general to advise early
Peas to be sown, and my experience teaches me that
it is a mistake to do so, for should mildew show itself
upon a small dwarf growing Pea plant, it very soou
succumbs owing to its lack of vigour, but the strong-
growing Peas partially resist it. W. A. C'oulc.

Plant Notes.

POLYPODIUM CHNOODES.

Among evergreen basket Ferns, this handsome
and attractive plant well deserves a place, as it is
not at all difficult to manage, and can be grown in
either warm or cool temperature. Its general habit

is most compact and uniform, which gives it an
advantage over many of its genus for basket culture.
The fronds are from 1 to 3 feet in length, grace-
fully drooping, and cut to the rachis with pale
green entire pinna?, about 5 inches long, strikingly
undulating, and in some cases slightly crested.
This plant is easily reproduced from spores. The
young plants should be grown on quickly, and when
well rooted in 3-inch pots, planted straight away
into baskets about a foot in diameter, the soil most
suitable being a mixture of peat, loam, and leaf-
mould in equal parts, with a good sprinkling of
silver-sand. Some specimens may be now seen in
the tropical Fern-house at Kew. G. W. Stadcn,
Royal Gardens, Kew. [The peculiar name seems to
be from the Greek ehnoios, downy. Ed.]

HjMENOCALLIS EXPANSA.

I am indebted to Mr. J. G. Baker, of Kew, for the
name of this fine and fragrant white species, which
I consider handsomer than the plant grown in gar-
dens as Pancratium fragrans. Its staminal cup, or
corona is more ample, and somewhat approaches in
form that of H. macrostephana. H. expansa seems
to be more hardy than other species, as with me it
has passed the summer out-ol-doors, and flowered
well — a fact which is worth recording. James O'Brien.

Gtpsophila paniculata.

Although this is by no means a showy plant when
in bloom, it is exceedingly useful for cutting, as its
light sprays form an excellent basis and support to
any small flowers worked in, or placed with it in
vases, and it is of equal value for working into
bouquets. The plant sends up a lot of hard, wiry
stiff stems, which branch out freely and bear a pro-
fusion of very small white flowers. This Gypsophila
is quite hardy, and does well in almost any kind of
soil, and comes up freely from seed, which should
be sown under handlights as soon as ripe, so as to
get plants up by the autumn, as they become strong
enough to flower the following year. J. S.

Foreign Correspondence.

THE NATIONAL SOCIETY OF AMERICAN
FLORISTS.

On August 20, 21, 22, the fifth annual session of
the Society of American Florists, was held in the
Music Hall, Buffalo, N.Y. Under the presidency of
Mr. Jno. N. May, Summit, New Jersey, a lengthy
and varied programme was successfully carried out.

An exhibition of plants, cut flowers, boilers, and
horticultural appliances was held in conjunction with
the convention, and proved far above the average in
point of excellence. Between six and seven hundred
associates were present, and included delegates from
all the States, as well as from Canada.

The Hon. Philip Becker, Mayor of Buffalo,
delivered an address of welcome, which was heartily
responded to by Mr. A. P. Caulder, Boston, Mass.

The President's address, which was full of interest,
dealt with the horticultural Press, which, he said,
had done much to stimulate and promote horticul-
ture ; he spoke also of the benefits gained by exhi-
bitions, and of the practical education of the young
gardeners.

The programme contained essays which were
read by prominent horticulturists, and proved to be
of unusual importance and interest ; a question-box
was also open, and was productive of many interest-
ing discussions.

Mr. W. C. Barry, Rochester, N.Y., in his paper on
" Roses," spoke encouragingly of the varieties sent
out by English raisers, more especially the hybrid
perpetuals, and of their good qualities as " hardy "
Hoses in all senses of the word.

" The Elevation of our Business," by Mr. Robert
Craig, Philadelphia, Pa., was received with unusual
enthusiasm; he was in favour of the establishment of
a " plant exchange " and a " labour bureau " for the
information of those seeking employment.

328

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 21, 1889.

Mr. H. H. Battles, Philadelphia, Pa., in his essay
on "Education," proposed that all florists' clubs
should add a library to their possessions.

Mr. Jno. Thorpe, Pearl River, N.Y., suggested in his
essay on the " Establishment of an experimental
garden on the lines of the one at Chiswick," that an
appropriation should be obtained from Congress; he
stated that the original cost would be 25,000 to
30,000 dollars, and yearly maintenance 5000 to 7000
dollars. Your correspondent gave an outline of his
experience and the working of the gardens at
Chiswick.

Mr. Peter Henderson, New York City, spoke on
the necessary qualifications for properly filling the
following situations: — (1), Grower in commercial
greenhouses ; (2), Head gardener on a private estate ;
(3), Florist in public institutions; (4), Superinten-
dent of public parks and gardens. For the first, he
said three years American knowledge is equal to ten
years of European ; to the second, European know-
ledge was ore era lie.

" Useful Summer Blooming Plants," by Mr. A. E.
Whittle, Albany, N.Y., and " Horticultural Exhibi-
tions," by Mr. Edwin Lonsdale, Chestnut Hill, Pa.,
were of the usual passing interest.

"Landscape Gardening," by Mr. Wm. McMillan,
superintendent of the Parks at Buffalo, severely
attacked carpet bedding in all its varied forms as
being unnatural, and praised all things that were
kept in relation with nature ; which caused Mr. \V.
B. Smith, Curator, Botanical Gardens, Washington,
to exclaim : " Since Bobby Burns penned holy
Willie's prayer, such biting things have not been
said."

" Orchids, The natural habitat of the leading
varieties," by Mr. J. Fostermann, Summit, N..J ,
contained much valuable detail.

Much disappointment was evinced that a vote was
not taken on the national flower ; the Chairman of
the Committee, Mr. Robert Craig, announcing that
the time was not yet ripe. I note that Popular Gar-
dening, advocated the pauicled Phlox.

A National Chrysanthemum Society was formed,
with Mr. Jno. Thorpe, Pearl River, N.Y., as
President.

An Association likely to prove of great benefit to
the European trade, was formed under the title of
" The Florists' Protective Association," its main
object being to deal with dishonest traders.

The fourth day was set apart for a trip to Niagara
Falls, and a collation provided by the Buffalo Florists
Association ; with a drive through the principal
parks, avenues, and places of interest, concluded a
most enjoyable and interesting convention.

It was decided that the sixth session should meet
at Boston, and the following officers were elected for
the ensuing year : Mr. J. M. Jordan, St. Louis, Mo.,
President; Mr. M. H. Norton, Boston, Mass., vice-
President; Mr. Wm. J. Stewart, Boston, Mass.,
Secretary ; and Mr. M. A. Hunt, Terre Haute, Ind.,
as Treasurer.

Exhibits. — A prize of 100 dols. was offered by
Messrs. Peter Henderson & Co., N.Y. City, for the
best herbarium of native plants. Mr. E. M. Oliver,
Washenton, DC, who had a meritorious and well
preserved collection, containing 1500 species and
varieties, was awarded the prize ; and, owing to the
superiority of the collection of Mr. J. N. Butterfost,
Lamberts ville, N.J., the firm generously awarded an
extra 25 dols. as a 2nd. The premier collection of
plants was exhibited by Messrs. J. R. Pitcher and
W. A. Manda, Short Hills, N.J., who had a repre-
sentative lot of Orchids, with Anthuriums, Palms,
and other foliage plants. Mr. II. A. Dreer, Phila-
delphia, Pa., displayed a well-grown collection of
Palms, Ferns, and new French Cannas. A handsome
collection of Gladiolus (300 varieties) and Phlox
Drummondii. with other cut flowers, came from
Mr. James Vick, Rochester, N.Y. Mr. Robert Craig,
Philadelphia. Pa., staged a handsome collection
of Ferns and Palms. The Michel Plant and Seed
Co., St. Louis, Miss., showed their single branching
tuberose Albino, which received much comment.
Messrs. W. P. Simmonds & Co., Geneva, Ohio,

staged cut zonal Pelargoniums. Mr. C. Thurston,
Ridgewood, N.J., had a new hybrid Begonia (B.
metallica X B. sanguinea), with handsome glaucous
foliage. Mr. Ben. Grey, Maiden, Mass., exhibited
Nymphasa zanzibarensis, M. devoniensis, M. odorata
rosea. The premier boiler exhibit was that of the
Hesendeen Manufacturing Co., Geneva, N.Y., who
showed their famous " Furman " boiler, and the only
European exhibitors were Messrs. Osman & Co.,
London, England, who showed horticultural sundries.
From our own American Correspondent.

Plants and Their Culture.

Caladioms. -These plants will now be past their
best, and should be gradually dried off, placing them

and less moisture, allowing some ventilation
during the night. Weak liquid manure will be
beneficial to many of the stronger growers
when well rooted. The syringe must be used
carefully where Gymnogrammas and Adiantum
Farleyense are growing, and it is, perhaps, the best
plan to place them together at one end of the fernery.
Gliechenias require abundance of water, as do also
most of the strong-growing Ferns. Tree -Ferns
should also get abundant supplies of water, and the
trunk should be wetted twice daily on bright, sunny
days, taking care to thoroughly moisten them all
round. I have observed that in some cases the
trunks are suffering from drought, and the fronds
suffer from being constantly syringed from one side
only ; moreover, plenty of water should be. given to
the roots, as the daily syringing is not sufficient in
the case of large plants with a mass of spongy roots.

Fig. 49. — view showing the site of the garden, eodeg st. pierke. (see p. 324.)

out of the reach of drip, and at the coolest end of the
stove, on their sides, under the stages. It is not
advisable to remove them to a house with a lower
temperature than an ordinary stove, as they are so
subject to decay in a low temperature.

Gloxinias, as they lose their beauty, should be
treated like the above.

Ferns. — These will now require less shade and
more air, keeping the house a little drier, so as to
harden the young fronds. This is especially necessary
in the case of Adiantums and other Ferns grown for
cutting purposes. We find it best to grow those for
cutting in a cool pit, and with less moisture, and the
plants more confined at the roots, and feeding them
liberally with weak liquid manure while making
their growth. All potting, except that of small
plants from spores, should be completed. More
care will now be necessary to prevent damping
off, and to this end more air should be given

A pan or two should now be prepared for spores, as
many of the old fronds will ripen during this month.

Greenhouse. — The early plants of show and fancy
Pelargoniums will have broken freely by this date.
These should be shaken out, repotted in smaller pots,
and placed in a cold frame, keeping a little close for
a few days. The stock of Cyclamen seed should now
be sown as soon as possible, in a good compost of
fibrous loam, decomposed manure, leaf mould, and
coarse silver sand. We use GO-sized pots, sowing
six to eight seeds round the sides of the pot. They
are then readily moved when ready to pot off singly
into small thumbs, the seed pots should be placed in
a temperature of 55° on a moist coal ash bottom,
and kept near the glass. Cinerarias should be shifted
on as required ; a few of the early sown should now
be in their flowering pots if very early bloom is
wanted, 8-inch pots will" be found large enough for
these plants.

September 21, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

329

Late sown plants should be shifted out of the seed
pan as soon as ready, and all the plants should
"et regular fumigation. This will apply also to the
youno' plants of Calceolarias. Primulas needing a
shift should not be neglected ; early sown plants will
now have filled their pots with roots, and should get
liquid manure occasionally, and less shade may be
given. Double-flowering varieties should be kept
free from damp, and near the light.

Calceolarias when ready should be carefully
pricked off into small pots, and placed in a north
frame and kept close for a few days. Fuchsias as
thev get shabby should get an open position outside,
and gradually dried off. Plants struck early in the
season will now take the place of the old stock, and
should be assisted with liquid manure ; a few pots of
cuttings may be propagated now, and when rooted,
shifted into 60s and kept growing through the winter,
will make useful plants early next season. Begonias
as they get past their best must have less water, and
placed under the stages out of the way of drip.
The stock of bulbs should have been got in for the
ensuing season, so as to get the choice of well-ripened
bulbs. A few of the early kinds should be potted ;
we prefer the well-known older kinds for general
decorative work, and most of them are much cheaper
than new varieties where a large quantity of cut
bloom is required.

Winter Decorative Plants. — The winter plants,
Bouvardias, Richardias, Salvias, Solanums, Chrysan-
themums, and other winter-blooming plants, which
have been growing in the open grounds, will now
require attention, but before lifting any of them, a
copious watering a day or two previously should be
given them. Bouvardias will now be fast coming into
bloom, these plants will require a few small stakes and
ties to keep them in place, and weak liquid manure
afforded them twice a week. Older plants that are
planted out will not require feeding, they often make
gross wood ; these plants should now be cut round
with a spade before lifting, this will check them a
little before potting them up shortly ; when potted
place them under a north wall for a few days, and
syringe them often. Bouvardias may be lifted and
planted out in a heated pit, and a warmth of 60°
maintained. Plants so treated will produce more
quantity of bloom than pot-plants. Solanums should
be placed in their flowering-pots, which should be
rather small. Richardias, Salvias, and Chrysanthe-
mums, should also be taken up with a nice ball of
roots and soil, potted and placed outside at the side
of a wall, if room cannot be found for them in cold
pits, and be syringed for a few days. We find it best
to lift these plants at this date, as, by doing so,
new roots are put forth before the blooms open, and
the falling off of leaves and blossoms is prevented.
Tbe plants can be removed at the last moment if
frost is imminent, or failing that, covered with some
mats, &c.

Greenhouse Plants. — Most of the tender greenhouse
plants should now be in their winter quarters, after
having given the house a thorough cleansing. As
much air as possible should be given, leaving the
ventilators open day and night ; and, owing to
the lesser degree of evaporation from the leaves,
less water should be afforded to most plants
brought indoors — especially is this of importance
with the Camellia, Azalea, Orange, protaceous
plants, and Ficus. [The loss of flower-buds and leaves
in autumn often results from a too moist state of the
soil in the pots and tubs. Ed.] Every plant should
be examined to ascertain if the drainage is in perfect
order, and that no insects are upon them, bearing in
mind that thrips and red-spider soon spread after
the plants are housed.

Indian Azaleas and Camellias are not so tender
as the Cape plants, so that no harm will be done if
these are left out-of-doors a little longer than ten-
derer plants. All the Epacris, Ericas, and all New
Holland plants should be taken indoors first, and
placed in light, airy positions, keeping a sharp watch
afterwards for mildew, and dusting them with flowers-
of-sulphur whenever there is the least sign of it on
• any'of them.

Cyclamens should be growing fast, but they will
not require so much moisture as formerly. A few
of the earliest maybe removed to the greenhouse,
but the bulk of the plants will be best in pits or
frames, if these are heated, and the plants are close
to the glass. Give a small amount of air during the
night, and a little heat in the pipes.

Double Chinese Primulas require a somewhat like
treatment, but as they soon suffer if kept too damp,
they must be carefull) watered, not wetting the
leaves.

The early batch of single flowered Primulas should
be pushing up their trusses of flower, and may be
assisted with fertilisers.

Succession plants of Primulas should get a shift
into larger pots, as may also Cinerarias. Green-
fly must be kept under by frequent fumigations,
or dipping the plants into weak solutions of tobacco-
water. The plants grow well in a temperature of
40° at night, and 55° by day, with abundance of
water when growing with vigour. The syringe may
be used on the latter in fine weather.

The stock of Tea-scented Roses in pots may be
placed in cold frames, and kept free from mildew.
It will not be advisable to give the plants any heat for
some time yet. Geo. Wythes, Sgon House, Brentford.

The Flower Garden.

Habdy Perennial Flowers. — Another season's
experience has confirmed my opinion, that, for the
summer season, a mixture of ordinary bedding plants,
with flowering hardy perennials is more pleasing
and more satisfactory than bedding plants alone, I
mean for non-geometrical or informal parterres ; but
it is difficult, if not, almost impossible, to plant a
formal garden with plants that flower at irregular
seasons, and develop a great variety of form in
growth and height so as to look well. Gardens of a
strictly formal design can only be appropriately
planted by adhering to the geometrical method, and
there is no way of planting such gardens other
than by employing the ordinary summer bedding
plants, which are easily made to fill any desired
pattern. We have both types of garden here,
and can therefore compare notes as to the
merits of each. The hardy flowers, ever since
the early spring up to the present time, have
been a constant pleasure, because no sooner had
one species gone past its best than another took
its place, and now the garden is as gay as ever
with Japanese Anemones, Rudbeckias, Dahlias,
Michaelmas Daisies, perennial Sunflowers, Gladiolus,
Lilies, Phloxes, Sweet Peas, Mignonette, early-
flowering Chrysanthemums, evening Primroses,
Galegas, Pelargoniums, Violas, and many others.
The formally bedded-out garden is, of course, still
"ay, but the interest one feels in it has waned,
not only because of the sameness, but because any
morning now we may wake up and find that the
frost has spoilt it.

Winter Planting of Flower-beds.— In the foregoing
note I ought to have said that in the planting of a
geometrical parterre in a formal manner it does not
follow that all the plants should be of a tender
nature, because there are numbers of hardy plants
(not flowering) which can be employed with the
summer bedder3 ; indeed, I use a number of them, and
because the flower-beds have to be as well furnished
in winter as in summer, and with a view to save
labour, many hardy plants are made use of; thus
only the tender plants have to be cleared out,
the others remaining. These, for the most part, are
such groundwork plants, as Sedums, Herniaria, varie-
gated Thyme, Cerastium, Gold Feather, &c, and
the tender plants are replaced mostly with small
shrubs used as " dot " plants, the ground beneath
them being planted in some instances with bulbs,
and in others with variegated Box, Euonymus,
Periwinkles, variegated Ivy, small Rhododendrons,
Laurestinus, Heaths, Antennaria, &c. The above
may prove suggestive to those who hitherto have
been content to have their flower beds bare of plants
in the winter. I do not like shams, but rather than
have flower beds bare in winter, I would fill them
with branches of evergreen shrubs.

General Work. — Maintain neatness by keeping bad
flowers and leaves regularly picked off. Complete the
work of propagation ; get all recently-struck cuttings
into frames, or under the shelter of walls, where
coverings of some sort can be readily applied. W.

Wildsmith, Heckfield Place, Hants.

and nailing of the trees are finished, and answers well
enough then if a slight dressing only is required, but
when it is intended to get down to the principal
roots, and bring them to the top, and also to
encourage others to come to the surface, the best time
to perform the work is the present. In doing it
first open out a trench, if the tree be large, at 6 feet
from the stem, and remove the soil bit by bit by
loosening it with a small steel fork, and then
scraping it off with the hand, so as to avoid as much
as possible any injury to the roots ; and, having
raised some of the roots, give the soil a thorough
watering if it be in need of it ; after pruning bruised
or broken roots, cover with new soil, trample it
moderately firm, and cover all with a slight mulch
of manure, and should the weather continue dry,
daily overhead syringings will be beneficial.

Strawberry plants put out some time ago will re-
quire to be watered, the soil having got rather dry,
and this work should be thorough. Cut off all
runners on young plants as fast as they appear, and
ply the hoe, thereby encouraging free growth, which
is one of the chief points in successful Strawberry
growing. H. Markham, Meremorth Castle.

The Hardy Fruit Garden.

_ ♦ -
Apricots on the Walls.— These trees, assuming
that the foliage has been kept clean, and therefore
healthy, by occasionally syringing them with water
and by root-waterings, may now, if it be found neces-
sary, receive a top-dressing of fibry loam, bone-meal,
and old, pounded mortar. Generally this aid to
rooting on the surface is put off until the pruning

The Kitchen Garden.

Winter Spinach.— Plants from seed sown last
month will now be ready to be thinned, at from 8 to
9 inches apart, and after the plants are thinned, and
well hoed, to destroy weeds, a mulching, 2 inches
thick, of short grass or spent manure, spread at in-
tervals between the lines and round about the plants,
will ensure clean leaves after rain.

Lettuce. — The stock of these plants intended for
winter supply should have a stir up with a Dutch hoe,
and afterwards have a mulching placed about the
plants. The protectors should also be got in readi-
ness in case of frost. Those in use here, are about
8 feet long, 3 feet 6 inches wide, and 1 foot high at the
sides, span-roofed, with glass on both sides. These
contrivances are invaluable at all times, and useful
for many purposes, but I purpose using cloches or
bell glass more extensively, as they can be rendered
perfectly air-tight, a matter of great importance,
confined air being the best possible safeguard against
frost. Now is a good time to start with the bell glasses
(cloches), and a great point is to select a sheltered
border with a slope to the south or south-west, so as
to secure as much sunlight as possible in winter. The
object in view is to keep the plants in active
growth from the time the seed is sown till the
Lettuces are fit to cut. From now till the middle of
November, a small sowing should be made every ten
or fourteen days under the bell-glasses. In doing
this, put the seeds in the middle, about 5 inches
within the ring made by the cloche, and outside this
sow a line of Petite Noire, a small Cabbage variety,
which comes in before the Cos Lettuces, and is cut
in time to allow of the other having the whole space
under the cloche. The Boil must be well enriched
with spent Mushroom-bed manure.

Transplant into favourable situations any August-
sown Lettuce and Endive-plants. Any seedlings
which are intended to winter in the seed beds should
bethinned out to such a distance. Tie up Cos Lettuce,
performing this when the plants are dry. Do not
tie up more at a time than will meet the require-
ments of the family. Continue to cover Endive
every week — slates or boards laid on the plants are
the least trouble, but the same end can be secured by
tying As with Lettuce, let the plants be dry before
covering or tying them. W. M. Baillie, Luton Hoo.

CRINUM CRUENTUM.— I refer to this plant because
there appear to be people who mistake the Belladonna
Lily for this plant. Last year a Dutch nurseryman
offered C.cruentura at 10s. per bulb. One of the bulbs
was obtained for Kew.and this has latelyflowered. It is
simply the Belladonna Lily. Mistakes like these are
not uncommon. Meanwhile, one might ask if any-
one possesses the true C. cruentum, as figured in the
Botanical Register, t. 171, and cultivated in the late
Dean Herbert's time ? It has large, short-necked
bulbs, glossy dark green sub-erect leaves, 3-4 feet
long by 3 inches broad, and a peduncle 2 feet long,
bearing an umbel of about 6 flowers, with tubes
6 inches long, linear reflect segments, the colour
being bright pink. It is a native of Mexico. The
following species of Crinum are in flower atKew:— C.
podophyllum, C. angustum. C. bracteatum, C. Moorea-
num, C. capense, and C. Powellii. W. W.

330

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 21, 1889.

SUBSCRIBERS TO
'T'HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

■*■ ivho experience any difficulty in obtaining
their Copies regularly, are particularly requested
to communicate with the Publisher (in cases of
delay in the delivery by post, the cover should be
forwarded with complaint).

W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street,
Strand, W.C.

NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS.
Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should
be made payable at the Post Office,
No. 42, DRURY LANE.

GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OFFICE TELEGRAMS.
NOTICE to Correspondents, Advertisers^ Sub-
scribers and others. The Registered Address
for Foreign and Inland Telegrams is

" OARD CHR ON, L OND ON."

APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.

TUESDAY,

MEETINGS.

( Royal Horticultural Society : Veget-
\ able Conference at Ohiswiclc (and
Sept. 24 < two following days).

j Fruit and Floral Committees meet
' at Chiswick.

SALES.

t Dutch Bulb*, at Stevens' Hooms.
MONDAY, Skpt. S3- Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe &Morri>"

I Rooms.

i Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens* Room*-.
WEDNESDAY, Sept. 25-' Dutch Bulbs and Lilium auratimi,
( at Protheroe & Morris' Rooms.

(Established Orchids, Dutch Bulbs,
) &c, at Stevens' Rooms.
l Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris'
(, Rooms.

("First Portion of Stock of Established
SEPT ,)"< °rchids, by order of Mr. J. E.
' | Bonny, at Protheroe & Morris'
V Rooms.

( Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms.
Sept. 28-' Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris'
( Rooms.

THURSDAY, Sept. 26

FRIDAY,

SATURDAY,

CORRECTED AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR THE ENSU-
ING WEEK. DEDUCED FROM THE OBSERVATIONS
OF FORTY-THREE YEARS, AT CHISWICK— 55°.9.

Naturalists, and among them

. „ ,/!..„ horticulturists, have been anxiouslv
oi Mew Guinea. '

awaiting the results of explora-
tions in the interior of New Guinea. The
vegetation of the coast regions and of the
banks of the rivers, so far as travellers have
yet penetrated, presents comparatively few
novelties, being what might be expected in an
island placed in that situation ; but it might
fairly be anticipated that the mountain vegeta-
tion would reveal transitions between the floras
of Java, Borneo, and even of the subtropical
Himalaya and that of Australia. Possibly, even,
some connection may yet be found between
the vegetable population of the high lands
of tropical Africa, of Madagascar, and of
South America, especially the Chilian and
Patagonian regions and that of New Guinea.
The horticulturist may fairly anticipate new
types of Orchids, Ferns, Nepenthes, Rhododen-
drons, Cycads, Conifers, Melastomads, and other
interesting families. The obstacles in the way
of reaching the mountains are very considerable,
the difficulties of collecting hardly less so, hence
the following letter from Baron Sir Fbbdi-
nand von Mueller will be read with propor-
tionate interest, and all naturalists will agree
in the hope that the chief authority on the

Australian flora may be enabled to continue
liis already extensive researches into the botany
of Papua, and weld them into a connected whole
with those of Australia, and thus throw light on
many of the most important problems of bota-
nical geography. The occurrence of British
genera and species on the mountains of New
Guinea, though it will not appear strange to the
botanist, will doubtless occasion surprise to many.
We append the Baron's interesting letter: —

" The ascent of the Owen Stanley Hanges in
New Guinea to their very summit, recently accom-
plished by Sir William Macgregor, demonstrates the
occurrence of an almost alpine vegetation between
elevations of 11,000 and 13,000 feet ; and, more than
this, it renders known for the first time an extra-
ordinary and significant admixture of forms, some
characteristic of the northern, others of the southern
hemisphere. On the crest of the range above the
limits of forests occur, as" we now learn, though so
near to the equator, such mainly extratropical
genera as Ranunculus, Hypericum, Arenaria, Pa-
tentilla, Rubus, Epilobium, Aster, Erigeron, Heli-
chrysum, Senecio, Gentiana, Veronica, Euphrasia,
Scirpus, Schoenus, Carex, Agrostis, Aiia, Poa, and
Festuca. Many of these approach in their affinity
to forms familiar to us in Europe, a few even
being identical with British species, and which
reach in New Guinea seemingly their most
southern geographical limits. But on the other
hand, many of these Papuan highland plants
are of far southern type, such as Drimys, Dra-
petes, Donatia, Styphelia, Phyllocladus, Libertia.
Carpha, Dawsonia ; indeed, some of the species
are absolutely the same or congeneric with
those of the Australian and New Zealand Alps.
In the collection, which necessarily, during
this first attempt at the exploration of the
Papuan highlands exploration, could not be
very rich in specific forms, Ericea; (of the
genera Rhododendrons, Agapetes, and Vaccinium),
are rather prominent. Another remarkable fact
now established is the identity of several plants of
the Owen Stanley Ranges with such as were
described by Sir Joseph Hooker from Kinu-Balu,
in Northern Borneo, where they were discovered by
Sir Hugh Low at elevations of about 8000 feet — for
instauce, Drapetes ericoides and Drimys piperita.
The four Conifers, gathered during Sir Will. Mac-
greook's expedition, consist of Araucaria Cunning-
hami, a Podocarpus, a Phyllocladus, and what may
possibly be a Libocedrus; of the latter, however, no
fruit was obtained, so far as the material before us
allows to judge, the individuality in the alpine
vegetation of New Guinea seems far less extensive
than might have been supposed. The writer of
these lines pointed out some years ago, in opposition
to the views of a distinguished naturalist, that,
although the main characteristics of the Papuan
flora in the lowlands and midlands might, notwith-
standing the occurrence of Eucalypts and phyllodi-
neous Acacias be regarded as Malayan, yet it would
not be accurate to ascribe the same general cha-
racteritics to the highland vegetation as well, when
Araucaria had already come within reach. The fact
that the Papuan alpine flora contained so large a
proportion of Australian elements, must lead to
many far-reaching scientific generalisations in other
departments of science besides botany."

A correspondent of the Daily News furnishes
further particulars : —

" You will no doubt have heard by wire that at
last a man has stood upon the highest point of
Mount Owen Stanley, that man being the new
governor, Sir W. Macgreqor. He left here (Port
Moresby) with a fairly large party on April "20, and
yesterday (June 25) he returned. He, three natives,
and two South Sea men got to the top — over
1.1,000 feet — and spent three days up there, with a
clear blue sky above him, a climate the best he has
known, and with Daisies, Buttercups, and white
Heather around him to remind him of his native

land. He also heard the lark singing at the top,
and saw icicles 7 inches long. The natives felt the
cold terribly, but the Governor never had a moment's
sickness, though, when he came down, he had lost
considerably in weight — he was a very heavy man
when he started. The natives of the surrounding
region were all very friendly, but he could not get
one of them to go above 0000 feet, up to which line
they sometimes hunt."

Palms in Madeira.— The two Palms figured

in our Supplement are growing in the public
gardens at Funchal, and for the photograph whence
it was taken we are indebted to the kindness of Mr.
Harcourt Powell. The contrast between the
broad palmate leaves of the Latania (or Sabal ?) and
the feather-cut leaves of the Phoenix is remarkable.
For giving " character " and diversity to the land-
scape such plants are invaluable.

Fruit-growing in Enqland. — During the past
few months the Fruiterers' Company has received
several suggestions as to the encouragement of fruit
culture in England, and it appears to be very
generally thought by those persons best qualified to
form an opinion that, if necessary care and judgment
be exercised, the British growers of choice grades of
hardy fruits can profitably compete with foreign
growers. The Company having received most valu-
able suggestions from the Lord Mayor, Mr. Henry
Chaplin, M.P., the President of the Board of Agri-
culture, and many other gentlemen, has passed the
following resolution :— Resolved, that the Fruiterers'
Company feel strongly the great importance of the
question of fruit farming in England, and view with
much concern the want of attention paid to the pro-
duction of Apples, Pears, Plums, and other hardy
fruits of fine quality, and deplore the frequently
neglected state of many of the existing orchards.
The Company therefore desire to encourage the
development of the profitable culture of fruits of
high quality in England for the advantage of the
grower and consumer, and for the better utilisation
of agricultural land. With this object, the Company
propose to establish a fund of not less than £5000
(towards which they are willing to contribute £500),
from the income whereof they intend annually to
offer prizes for the best managed fruit farms, planta-
tions, or orchards. The Lord Mayor has under-
taken to receive at the Mansion House subscriptions
to the fund, and they can also be sent to the Clerk of
the Company, Mr. O. C. T. Eagleton, 40, Chancery
Lane, London.

EARLY FROSTS. — The weather, after being
hitherto sunny, dry, and warm generally in these
islands and on the Continent, has become winterly.
In Germany, Austria, and in some places in Galicia
and Silesia snow fell on Sunday and Monday, Sept.
10 and 17. In the neighbourhood of London, the
glass fell on Sunday night and again on Monday
to freezing point and below it ; and at Chelms-
ford, we are informed, 7° of frost were registered.
At Sunningdale 7° were recorded, at Berkhampstead
6° on the grass, 1° in the screen. Tender plants have
suffered in some places, but, generally speaking,
not much damage has been done. From that busy
Belgian horticultural manufactory, Ghent, the story
is sadly different. A correspondent, writing on
Tuesday from that town, says : — " On my arrival in
Ghent yesterday, I was very much struck with the
news that awaited me, and as it may be of interest
to your readers. I send you a few particulars of what
has occurred. About 2 a.m. on Monday, Kith inst.,
frost came on so suddenly and was so severe that
everyone was taken unawares, and by daylight it
was apparent that a serious disaster had befallen the
Indian Azaleas, the plants in most places presenting:
the appearance of having been singed, and for some-
miles around Ghent the plants have, with scarcely
an exception, suffered alike. The disappointment to
buyers will be great, and the loss to the growers will
prove to be one of the most serious misfortunes
which has occurred within the recollection of the

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September 21, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS1 CHRONICLE

331

oldest horticulturist in Ghent. Tacking operations
for export were to commence on the very day of the
disaster."

SEASON. — From the College
Dublin, Mr. Burbidue kindly

Flowers in

Botanic Garden,
send9 : —

Choisya tcrnata, whose bright green ternate leaves
and orange-like flowers need no eulogy. We are
afraid from personal experience that it can only be
considered half-hardy even in the south.

Calycanthus ocvidcntalis. — A shrub like the old
Carolina Allspice, but with bolder foliage and frag-
rant flowers of a pinkish-red hue. The cells of the
pith are so large that their outline can readily be
made out with the naked eye.

Mutisia decurrens. — A climbing composite with
simple leaves ending in a tendril, and oblong flower
heads, combine great beauty with much interest. Its
long strap-shaped ray florets are of a rich orange
colour. The disc florets are more or less two-lipped,
the lips rolled round from the point towards the
base.

Silphinm perfoliatum is one of the finest of the
autumn-flowering composites, for those who can
afford space to such a giant. Notice that the
individual florets have no hairy pappus, such as
characterises most composites, and that the scales
of the receptacle are larger and more leafy than
usual, even in the very centre of the flower-head.

Anemone vitifolia is interesting as being the
Nepalese representative of the beautiful A. japonica ;
but those who can get the white derivative, Honorine
Jobert, will not care for the Nepalese form.

Eucalyptus viminalis. — From Mr. Walker of
Colwyn Bay, we have received a specimen of this
elegant tree in full flower. The branches are very
slender and wiry, the leaves narrow, lanceolate ; and
the small, whitish, Myrtle-like flower, in groups of
three, scattered in a loose panicle. The species is
known as the Manna Eucalypt in South-Eastern
Australia and Tasmania. In some places it attains
a height of 320 feet. When punctured by some of
the Cicada;, it yields a peculiar kind of Manna, as
originally noticed by our correspondent, Dr. George
Bennett, of Sydney. A figure is given in Baron
V. Mueller's Eucalyplographia. The E. persici-
folia of Loddiges' Cabinet, t. 501, is now referred to
the same species.

A Quick Fruit Tree Budder.— The follow-
ing note taken from the Stamford Mercury of a recent
date, gives an unexampled number of buds put in
during one day,'" Mr. A. Dagger, foreman at Messrs.
W. and J. Brown's nurseries at Stamford, budded
1850 Apple stocks, three men tying for him. We
believe this ' beats the record.' " One thousand buds
put in is considered to be a fair day's work for a
man.

A Bean SHOW.— Mr. IIeney Deyerill, seeds-
man, of Banbury, who put into commerce Neal's
Ne-plus-ultra Bean, had a novel exhibition fronting
his shop in the Market Place at Banbury on the 5th
inst. Having offered special prizes for the best
twenty pods of Neal's Ne-plus-ultra Bunner Bean,
some seventy entries were made for competition,

, and a remarkably fine lot of pods were staged. The
awards were made in the following order: — Mr. J.
Hughes, The Gardens, Eyden Hall, Byfield, North-
amptonshire ; Mr. Coupland, gardener to Captain
Benyon, Nirthrop House, Banbury; Mr. WingDve,
gardener to G. H. Nelson, Esq., J.P., Rousham Park,
Banbury ; Mr. Nicholls, gardener to C. Gillett, Esq.,
Wood Green, Banbury. Six other dishes, also
containing very fine pods, were shown. In addition
Mr. Deverill made an exhibition of his new
Onions, staging twelve bulbs of Rousham Park,
weighing 20 lb. ; twelve of Ailsa Craig, weighing

I 30 lb. ; twelve of Cocoa-nut, weighing 20 lb. ; twelve
of Wroxton, weighing 15 lb. ; and twelve of Anglo-
Spanish, weighing 18 lb. The finest specimen of
the Anglo-Spanish weighed 2 lb. I1 oz., and mea-
sured 18J inches in girth ; the finest of Rousham
Park weighed 1 lb. 13J- oz., and measured 18 inches

in girth. In addition there was a collection of be-
tween twenty and thirty varieties of ordinary stocks
of Onions.

STOCK-TAKING : AUGUST.— To others must be
left the tale of the influence of the great strike on
the export and import trade of the country; but
possibly that may not be quite ready to tell until the
close of the year. But we may be permitted to note
that the exports of foreign and colonial products
from British ports posted up less by £1,293,810 than
the total for the month of August, 1888 — the exports
of British and Irish manufactures having increased
only by £138,248. In the imports the increase for
the eight months of the year is recorded at
£2(5,161,951, compared with the same period last
year. The following figures are taken from the
'• Summary of Imports from Foreign Countries and
British Possessions for the Month of August" : —

1888.

1889.

Difference.

Total value of imports

£.

30,006,140

£.

32,902,028

£.

+2.895,888

$11.— (A.) Articles of
food and drink —
dutyfree

10,567,103

11,520,771

4953,668

(B.) — do., dutiable

2,291,190

1,797,824

—493,375

§VI. — Raw materials
for textile manufac-
tures (including
Flax, Hemp, and
Jute)

3,051,507

3,313,450

+261,943

§VII. — Raw materials
for sundry industries
and manufactures
(including wood and
timber, hewn, sawn,
split, dressed ; vege-
table materials, for
paper-making, &c.)

4,059,247

*
4,985,328

+926,081

§IX. — Miscellaneous
articles (including
Clover, Grass, Flax,
Rape, Linseed)

900,839

1,068,554

+107,715

In the following customary excerpts from the general
return, excepting the increase under " Apples, raw,"
the other items are very noteworthy, and may in part
be explained by the recent disarrangement in
trade. The returns for September may assist in the
explanation : —

Excerpts jrom General Returns of Imports.

$ II. Fruit :—
Apples, raw

1888.

1889.

Difference

... bush.

172,713

202.972

+30,259

Unenumerated, raw

752,789

656,592

—96,197

Onions

370,919 347,222

—23,697

Potatos

... cwt.

136,609

39,701

—116,908

Vegetables, raw,
ated

unenumer-
... Value

£57,019

£69,578

+£12,559

One of the disastrous effects of the strike
of workmen at the docks in London has been the
loss to Mr. Wood, jam-maker, of 70 tons of Plums
for lack of sugar.

" Orchids, their Culture and Manage-
ment."— The fourth part of Mr. Watson's useful
publication has just been published by Upcott Gill,
170, Strand. The genera treated in the present
part are Cymbidium and Cypripedium.

HAMBURGH. — Dr. Sadeheck has been appointed
to succeed the late Professor Reichenhach in the
direction of the Botanic Garden.

BRESLAU. — Dr. Prantl succeeds Dr. Engler as
Professor of Botany and Director of the Botanic
Garden. Dr. Engler, as we' have previously noted,
has been appointed to Berlin.

THE Bee MANGO. — A letter read before the
Agri-Horticultural Society of Madras, at their meet-
ing on July 6, and published in their proceedings,
would form a good foundation whereon to build a
sensational article in a daily contemporary. The
letter accompanied some specimens of Mangos,
which were called the Bee Mango, and ran as fol-

lows:—"The peculiarity of the fruit is that the
stone contains a bee, existing in the kernel. On
carefully breaking the stone this will be perceived.
There is only one tree in the Kadur district, and
that at a village, Lingad-Nulli, belonging to a Brah-
min, who daily worships it, and he informs me that
he has several times tried to grow the tree, but
without success, and moreover he thinks that should
the seed take, the fruit of it would not contain the
bee." This story sounds very like an unfinished
fable, but the sequel follows, when it states that
specimens of the insect were forwarded by the
Society to an authority of the Indian Museum, who
identified them as Cryptorhynchus mangifera (the
Mango weevil) whose normal habitation is in the
pulp of the fruit, and not within the stone. The
fruits sent to the Society were carefully examined,
and the pulp was, in every case, free from insects
which were only discovered when the stones, from
whicli the pulp had been moved, were broken open.

Devizes Chrysanthemum Exhibition. —

This is fixed for November 12, and will take place
as usual in the Corn Exchange in conjunction with
the annual bazaar and sale in aid of the Devizes
Benevolent Society.

American Chrysanthemum Society. — A
new Society has been organised with Mr. Thorpe,
of Pearl River, New York, as President ; and G,
Lonsdale, of Philadelphia, as Secretary.

Exhibiting by Unfair Means has apparently

not yet died out. We regret to have to record this
fact at the late Brighton show, where products
were in several instances of superior cultivation, but
marred in three cases bj additions, one being of two
Ixoras placed together in one pot, and two ol blooms
added to plants cf Allamandas, the calyces of the
flowers in many cases plainly showing they had boen
cut from a plant of the same variety, but not from
the plants staged.

TOMATOS AT CHISWICK. — Hitherto we have
referred only to those grown under glass. There is,
however, an extensive collection grown outdoors iu
front of the Peach wall, which promises remarkably
good results. Chiswick Hybrid, Haw Green, Fa-
vourite, Perfection, and other well-known sterling
sorts, are fruiting well.

Ghent Chambre Syndicale — At a meeting
held on the 9th inst., the following awards were
made : —

First-class Certificates, — To Cypripedium orphanum
from Mr. J. Hye Leysen. To Anthurium Madame
Jules De Cock and A. Souvenir de Louis Desmet,
from M. Jules De Cock. To Kentia Dumoniana,
from Mr. L. Spae-Vandermeulen.

Peat for Paper.— Mr. J. A. Loudon read a
paper, at JNewcastle, on the utilisation of peat for
manufacturing brown paper, wrappers, and mill-
boards, instead of the ropes, rags, and grass hitherto-
employed. This may be of importance in some
districts of Ireland.

Lilies at Mr. Wm. Bull's.— A beautiful dis-
play of these gorgeous flowers is now arranged in the
show-house at Mr. Wm. Bull's, King's Road, Chel-
sea, the extent of which may be imagined when it is
stated that the house, which is 100 feet in length, is
entirely filled with Lilies in full bloom. The most
striking are the newer varieties of L. auratum, of
which the one known as L. a. rubro-vittatum is the
richest coloured, the broad crimson ray and tinting
on each petal constituting it a most gorgeous flower.
The pure white, unspotted L. a. virginale, the large-
flowered L. a. platyphylla, the clear yellow-tinged
L. a. ochroleucum, too, are noble flowers, far in
advance of the ordinary L. auratum. Also con-
tributing largely to the show are the pretty and
fragrant varieties of L. speciosum, of which L. s.
Melpomene is the richest coloured; and the two pure
white, L. s. album novum and L. s. Kraetzeri, very
lovely things. The still rare L. neilgherrense and

332

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 21, 1889.

other species are also included in the show, and
various Pancratiums and cool Orchids are also used.

THE J ARRAH. — A part of the Strand near Exeter
Hall has been paved with blocks of this timber, de-
rived from Eucalyptus marginata, a native of South-
west Australia. The timber is of unrivalled excellence
for durability, and is worked with comparative ease.
E. rostrata, the lied Gum, and E. Ieucoxylon, the
iron-bark wood, are, according to Baron Von
Mueller, the historian of the genus, almost if not
quite as durable, and even stronger. The durabilitv.
and immunity from insects, is due to the presence of
kino. The services of the eminent botanist,
Baron Von Mueller, in making known the species
of Eucalyptus, in pointing out their useful properties,
and in diffusing them far and wide, can hardly be
over-estimated.

KNIPHOFIA NATALENSIS. — Mr. Gumbleton
reports that this is now blooming with him for the
first time, and is most distinct in its loose open spike.
The colour of the flowers is a dull red. The same
gentleman has lately flowered a hybrid, raised by
Ilerr Max Leichtlin, between K. Leichtlinii and K.
comosa. The flowers are cinnabar-red, the anthers
carmine.

DAFFODILS. — Mr. J. Duncan Pearson has been
endeavouring to infuse a love of Daffodils into the
minds of the members of the Nottinghamshire Horti-
cultural and Botanical Association. In this he
should succeed, as the report of his lecture, published
in pamphlet form, shows that it is well calculated
to do so. We fear some of the Nottingham folk love
Daffodils— other people's Daffodils— too well, for,
says Mr. Pearson, " There are objections to be raised
against keeping plants to name, for instance, a
gentleman who has a garden just outside Notting-
ham says he dares not put a name to his bulbs, for
fear all the best should be stolen." Do the Not-
tingham lambs browse on Daffodils ?

Paris Exhibition. — We understand that
Messrs. Kelway & Son, of Langport, Somersetshire,
have been awarded the premier prize for some 150
spikes of Gladioli at the last flower show of the
Paris Exhibition, held from August 16 to 21. This
firm of nurserymen was again awarded a 1st
prize and honourable mention for their display of
cut flowers in the Great Exhibition, in the interval,
September G to 11. The exhibit consisted of
Gladioli, Pvrethrums, Globe-quilled Asters, Dahlias,
and Gaillardias.

National Vegetable Conference and Ex-
hibition, CHISWICK, SEPT. 24, 25, AND 26— This
promises to be a specially interesting meeting, entries
of exhibits having been received from all parts of
the country. Scotland and Wales will be well repre-
sented. We also learn that M. Vilmorin, of Paris,
will be present with a large number of exhibits, and
consignments from America are also expected. We
may remind our readers that the entries close on
the 21st, and that those who have not given notice
should do so at once.

PROPERTY IN TREES.— Mr. IIvde Clarke read
a paper at the British Association on " The Right
of Property in Trees on another's Land, as an origin
of Rights of Property." The author stated that his
attention was first called to the subject, as a land-
judge or commissioner in Asia Minor, in 18G2, in
granting compensation for Olive trees belonging to
one or more individuals on the fields of others, and
for honey trees or hoards of wild honey in State or
Communal forests. In 1888, Rev. Dr. Codrington
read a paper at the British Association, and after-
wards at the Anthropological Institute, which gave
information as to the existence of a like system in
Melanesia. The author thereupon proceeded to make
further inquiries, and found evidence as to its exist-
ence in Borneo, with regard to Tapaag, or honey
trees, and in Chota Nagpore (and probably else-
where in India) as to the Mhowa, a tree furnishing
food, spirit, oil, &c. In China a lessee has the right

to Bamboo, &c, grown by him. The practice in
the Turkish Empire he found extended into the
European provinces, as applied to Plum trees in
Bosnia. In Ireland it was recognised in the Brehon
Laws, as an individual property separate from tribal
property. Generally speaking, the right does not
exist in Europe, as all rights are centred in the
owner of the soil. It is probable that the personal
right of the first discoverer of honey and similar
trees, a right defined by Sir II. S. Maine as dependent
on discovery, is to be regarded as the origin of an
individual right of property rather than any right in
land, which is of no value in a primitive community.
Even cultivable land belonged to the community,
and was distributed by lot yearly, of which there
are modern examples.

Notts Horticultural and Botanical

SOCIETY.— The monthly meeting of the Notts Horti-
cultural and Botanical Society was held yesterday
evening at the Arboretum Rooms, and was well
attended. There was a good show of plants, cut
flowers, fruits, and Ferns, a specialty being the
exhibition of Gladiolus blooms, of which several new
specimens were shown. Plants, flowers, and vege-
tables were sent for exhibition by Mr. J. Robinson
(gardener, 'J. Plumb), Mr. W. H. Farmer (gar-
dener, W. Attenborough), Mr. C. J. Cox (gardener,
J. Meadows), Mr. J. Fearfield (gardener, J. Under-
wood), Mr. T. Hallam (gardener, W. Newton),
Messrs. J. R. Pearson & Sons, Chilwell; Mr. E.
Massey (gardener, W. Bateman), Mr. T. B. Hallam,
Corporation Road ; Messrs. James Booth, J. Baker
(Basford), and J. W. Turner. The exhibits were of
a choice description. Mr. A. II. Pearson, of
Chilwell, read a paper on " The Bulb Farms of
Holland."

GUELDRES ROSES. — In his paper " On the
Leaves of the Gueldres Rose," read at the British
Association Meeting, Sir John Lubbock said : —
" We have in this country two species of Gueldres
Rose. They are nearly allied, but the leaves
are very dissimilar ; those of the Viburnum lan-
tana being oval or ovate, and when young very
hairy; those of V. opulus three-lobed, smooth, and
provided with stipules. These differences are very
interesting, but no one had yet attempted to explain
them. Sir John pointed out that the young leaves
of V. lantana are sufficiently protected by their
hairy covering, and are consequently left bare. This
is not the case with V. opulus, in which the leaves are
glabrous. The outer leaves, however, become tough
and leathery, and form a covering within which the
other, or true leaves are developed. To economise
space these leaves are folded more or less like a fan .
in the same manner as those of Maples, Sycamores,
Planes, &c, and this gives them their lobed form.
As regards the stipules, he observed that the genus
contains some fifty species, of which about forty
have oval leaves without stipules, while the re-
mainder have lobed leaves, with stipules. The pre-
sence of the stipules seem, therefore, to go with that
of the lobes. He believes that they assume their
peculiar thread-like form so as to fill up a space
which would otherwise be left empty in the bud.
Maples have no stipules, but in them the younger
leaves in the bud just fill up the interspaces left
between the older ones. In the lobed-leaved Gueldres
Rose this is not the case, but a space remains,
which is just occupied by the stipules." The paper
was illustrated by diagrams.

The Oak LEAF.— At the British Association
Meeting Sir John Lubbock contributed a paper
on "The Shape of the Oak Leaf:" he said:—
We are so accustomed to the form of the Oak
leaf that it does not strike us as anything
peculiar, and comparatively few, perhaps, have ever
asked themselves why it should be as it is. And
yet it is peculiar — unlike that of any of our forest
trees, and those of the evergreen Oaks so abundant
in hotter countries. The three points, then, which
give the Oak leaf its peculiar form are: — 1, The
deep, rounded sinuses ; 2, the want of symmetry of

the two sides ; 3, the oblong or oblanceolate out-
line. I do not know of any attempt to explain this
peculiar form. That which I would suggest is as
follows. These sinuses are due, as I believe, to the
curvature of the leaf owing to the shortness of the
bud in comparison with the length of the leaf. The
young leaf is not only curved, it is wrapped round
the interior leaves. The result of this is that one
side of the leaf is folded within the other ; the one,
therefore, being on the outer side has more space
than the other. The two sides of the leaf are, in
fact, differently situated, and this, I believe, account!
for the second point, namely, the want of sym-
metry. The oblong form is an advantage from the
way the leaves diverge from the stalk. In this
manner the interesting peculiarities of the Oak leaf
may be accounted for. The paper was illustrated
by diagrams, specimens, and models, and the proba-
bility of the cause suggested being the true one was
enforced by the application of a similar argument,
which clearly explains the peculiar form assumed by
the very interesting and curious leaves of the Tulip
tree.

Birds of East Kent. —The East Kent
Natural History Society has lately published a list
of birds found in the county, with some interesting
notes by Mr. Dowker. Mr. Dowker properly lays
stress on the utility of hawks and owls, and local
societies could not undertake a more useful work
than the education of gamekeepers and of their
employers.

Nursery Notes

MESSRS. H. LANE & SON.

The large nursery at Great Berkhamsted, Hert-
fordshire, has recently lost in the late proprietor one
of the best known nurserymen in the home counties,
and one who had always striven, and with great
success, to keep his nursery in the front rank for
coniferous plants, hardy fruits of all kinds, and
American plants. The vineries at the Berkham-
sted home nursery were celebrated for a long series
of years for their excellent crops of Muscat of Alex-
andria, Gros Colmar, Black Alicante, and Black
Hamburgh, and some other varieties. These are
now failing, and will shortly make place for a better
paying class of plants. Vines in pots have always
been grown most successfully. In the course of a
recent visit made to the nurseries, excellent stock*
of fruit trees, especially of Apples, Plums, and Dam-
sons, were noted. Amongst the former Baumann's
Red Reinette, Ecklinville, Borowitsky, Stirling
Castle, Worcester Pearmain, Warner's King, Prince
Albert, Lord Grosvenor ; and of Plums the Victoria
occupied the most ground, and young stock of
the latter was cropping heavily all over the quarters.
The season has been unprecedentedly favourable for
this useful variety, and almost equally so for Sultan
and Angelina Burdett. Messrs. Lane possess a large
orchard of Plums and Apples, and the majority of
the trees, except where exposed at corners and sides
of the quarters, are fairly well cropped. As usual,
their very hardy, prolific, and long-keeping Apple,
Prince Albert, was found to be cropping well, and,
others in good bearing were Stone's, Golden Spire,
Yorkshire Beauty (a large showy fruit), Scarlet
Nonpareil, Schoolmaster, Annie Elizabeth, Dutch'
Codlin, and Five Crown Pippin.

It is a good feature at this nursery that, although
most of the trustworthy varieties of the different
hardy fruits are cultivated, the greater area is planted
with profitable market and orchard varieties. The
trained stock is extensive, and very well done.

Rosa polyantha is obtaining great attention at the
home nursery, and of this species it was observed
that five varieties are grown, viz., Anne deMontravel,
Mignonette, The Pet, Pacquerette, and Perle d'Or.
The demand is so great at times that difficulty is 1
found in keeping up with it. Marechal Niel is <
another Rose largely grown, and the stock of it is
equal in quality to anything we have seen elsewhere,
as is that of Lapageria rosea.
•

September 21, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

333

In the nursery on the Berkhamsted Common the
great breadths of hybrid Rhododendrons will, in due
season, be magnificent, as, owing to the lack of
flower this year, the strength of the plants has been
thrown into the formation of flower-buds for next
year ; and it was observed generally the plants were
bristling with forward buds.

Some remarkable seedlings of Taxus, with bright
and constant golden variegated foliage, are to be
found here, which when duly selected and classified,
as they will be, and they have become known to
planters generally, will add some remarkable features
to gardens and pleasure-grounds. As yet we have
noticed their appearance in some few good gardens,
and where they have been arranged with judgment,
the brightening-up effect of their presence was
remarkable. The forms which the plants present in
the nursery are very varied. Some have the form of
Taxus elegantissima, but better ; others are like T.
hibernica, but very compact, and not inclined, like
that, to run into one or two leaders ; some, again,
are nicely columnar, being equally thick at top and
bottom ; and some are broadly and perfectly pyra-
midal ; and all these varied habits are natural to the
plants, and not obtained by the use of the knife or
shears. We were unable to learn from what source
these handsome plants have sprung ; this fact the
proprietor deeming it impolitic to make known
just yet.

Night came on before we could see much more of
the extensive collection of Conifers ; but some fine
specimens were remarked of Cedrus deodara, C.
atlantica glauca, a striking form with blue-green
needles; Taxus stricta (Blue John), handsome plants
about 7 feet in height ; lovely specimens of Cupressus
Lawsoniana compacta nana, and of C. L. viridis.

VANDA KIMBALLIANA.

In our last issue (p. 294), Mr. Rolfe gives an
account of this plant, which was lately shown at the
Royal Horticultural Society by Messrs. Low & Co.
To make the account complete, we now give a figure
of Messrs. Low's plant, and refer to our previous
number for full particulars. (See fig. .50, p. 335.)

Home Correspondence.

POINSETTIAS DYING OFF.— I have found my
, Poinsettias and Solanums go off at the roots, as
, described by " E. T." in last week's Gardeners'
1 Chronicle. I have thought it might have been caused
; by too strong manure-water, or by watering with
i manure-water when the soil was very dry. This year
| my men were very careful in this matter. The

only feeding they have had this year was Clay's Fer-
I tiliser sprinkled over the surface of .the soil, and that

not too strong. The evil did not appear for some
, time after the second dose was given, and that was
, fully three weeks after the first. Since the mischief
. was discovered no manure of any kind has been

given, and fresh roots are now being made by
. both Poinsettias and Solanums. This mischief has
. occurred to my plants three years in succession. The
, Solanums and Poinsettias were in cold frames, and

were growing well until the sudden check came on

them. W. B. S.

THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION, as we at present

' have it, may certainly claim to be a development of

; the thoughts of the greatest thinkers of the present

■ oentury, based upon a vast accumulation of facts.

But for all that, we find, here and there, traces

that the philosophers of former ages also had some

' inkling that variation has had something to do with

' the multiplicity of animal and vegetable forms at

present existing on the earth. A few days since, I

had occasion to refer to Sconoli's Flora Camiolica,
ed. 2, vol. i., published in 177:3, where, at the end
of the genus, Rosa, under Rosa repens, Scopoli
makes the following pregnant remark: — An unica
species, a Deo creata, ex qua reliqua; omnes dein
nata: ? " which may be translated : — Perhaps one
species was created by God, from which all the rest
afterwards originated ? This idea is not very wide
of the present views held by evolutionists. N. E.
Brown, Kcw.

CUT FLOWERS OF VERBENAS AT FLOWER
SHOWS.— "R. D.," p. 279, in alluding to the Ver-
bena blooms at shows in the West of England,
suggests that flowers of Phlox or Sweet Pea should
be shown instead. I know which is the easiest to
grow — the Sweet Pea and the Phlox, and, moreover,
a heavy shower affects them but little ; but get a
storm, or indeed any rain upon your Verbena that
you wish to exhibit, and if you are not prepared for
it with coverings, you will be doomed to disappoint-
ment, as the rain knocks them about a great deal,
rendering the flowers unfit for showing. But grown
in pots or frames where they have protection when it
is required, they are desirable flowers in a cut state,
and as subjects for conservatory and greenhouse
decoration. Prize IViimer, West of England.

PEAS AFTER DAFFODILS. — A week or two
since (now September 10) you were kind enough to
give an illustration of Daffodil lifting at Temple
Hill grounds, May, 1889. We are now gathering a
full crop of Marrow Peas from the same squares.
You may remember I sent you some bulbs of Ard
High at the time fully matured. I now send some
green Peas, Eckford Heroine, sown thinly on the
well trenched, highly manured soil. I do not think
that in the history of either farming or gardening
such a thing has been accomplished before as to
have green Marrow Peas (crop now 3^ feet in height)
fully laden with a matured crop, and this on the
actual soil where Daffodil bulbs were ripened. Daf-
fodil lifting in Holland and throughout England
begins in July, so that to have Marrowfat Peas since
July 10 or 12 would be out of the question in those
countries. This shows how well the climate of the
South of Ireland favours the early ripening of Nar-
cissus bulbs, and allows the taking of a second crop
of something off the ground in the same year.
W. Baylor Hariland, Blaclcrock, Cork, Sept. 10. [The
pods sent were full of fine seeds, a little too much
advanced for table use. Ed.]

DESFONTAINEA SPINOSA SEEDING.— I send yon
herewith specimens of the ripe seed of the above-
named most beautiful halt-hardy flowering shrub,
which have ripened this year for the first time in the
shrubbery of my neighbour, Mr. William Bagwell,
of Eastgrove, Queenstown. Although the fruits are
of good size, and about that of a wild Cherry, the
number of seeds in each is very small, as in the four-
teen that I gathered there were only seventeen seeds,
which I have sown, and which I hope will germinate.
When the late Sir William Hooker described this
fine shrub in 1854, in the 80th volume of the
Botanical Magazine (wherein it is admirably figured
on plate 478i), he says he is unable to accurately
describe the seed, as he had never seen a ripe or
perfect specimen. This beautiful shrub was first
introduced to our gardens from Valdivia by Messrs.
Veitch, to whom it was sent by their collector, Mr.
William Lobb, about the year 1852 — 3. Sir W.
Hooker was of opinion that the plant known as D.
Hookeri is synonymous with, and the same thing as
D. spinosa, and though they may from a botanical
point of view be identical, I still venture to think
that they are horticulturally distinct, as in my own
shrubbery, D. Hookeri thrives well and blooms
abundantly in a shady valley, and has grown to a
large sized bush ; whereas D. spinosa merely exists,
and hardly blooms at all. The flowers of D.
Hookeii are also much narrower in the tube. W. E.
Gumbleton. [The flavour of the pulp surrounding
the seed is that of Gentian.— Ed.]

CACTUS DAHLIAS. — We seem to be in a fair
way to have definitely settled the true pronunciation
of "the word Dahlia. Mr. Hibberd admits that it
should be pronounced Dah-li-a, but that, on the
whole, it is better to adhere to the old style of
Dalea, omitting pronunciation of the important h
altogether, remembering that the plant is named
after Dahl, the Swedish botanist. It does seem
obvious that the pronunciation should be such as
to impress upon the mind of the listener or learner
the idea that the name of the Dahlia is purposed to

honour that of Dahl, and not someone of the name
of Dale. To that end, I hold that the proper pro-
nunciation should be Dahl-ya, making as it were
two syllables only, and such as brings into promi-
nence its name parent. But I purposed referring to
the Cactus section of Dahlias briefly, because there
seems to be in connection with this section a rapid
irruption of seedling varieties, few of which seem to
to be identical with the more famous early type,
Juarezii ; and the majority seem to be as fast
as possible approaching to the show varieties in
rotundity of form, doubleness, and apparent smooth-
ness of outline. With such a tendency — almost an
inevitable tendency — how long will the term Cactus
be fitly applied to this section ? Without doubt all
are beautiful, and because of such comparatively
quaint or novel form are very interesting ; but the
broad pointed petals with rugged outlines of Jua-
rezii are rapidly being departed from, and we are
producing now a section of flowers, which, reflexed in
form, have almost fiat or at least but slightly fluted
petals, and which seem to be regarded by judges with
favour at exhibitions just as thevapproach rotundity,
smoothness, and doubleness. What seems very evident
is, that whilstwe are gradual lvgetting away from the old
so-called Cactus form, we are as gradually creating a
double flat petalled section, and very soon there will
be a demand for the obliteration of the pointed petal
in favour of the rounded bold petal of the singles.
That we should in that way secure a very distinct
and beautiful strain of double decorative Dahlias
there can be no doubt, but they would no longer be
of Cactus form. A. D.

ALLAMANDA VIOLACEA. —Mention is made in
the Gardeners' Chronicle of September 14 of the
above species of Allamanda flowering at Kew.
Many years ago, when I had charge of the stove
plants in the nurseries of Messrs. James Veitch &
Sons', Chelsea, I flowered this Allamanda several
times, and it answered to the description given
on p. 304. The plant never found its way into the
hands of exhibitors, and was never sought after,
nor is it likely to be, for the flowers are of a very
undecided, dirty, salmony-purple, and more curious
than beautiful, not being nearly so attractive as A.
grandiflora, A. Hendersonii, and A. nobilis, which
are very distinct and beautiful. A. cathartica, A.
nerifolia, and A. Schoti used to be grown very
much, but the three former are superior in every
respect. A. OiUram.

A HINT FOR THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL
SOCIETY. — Newcastle has been rejoicing iu the visit
of the British Association, and in connection with
it a flower show has been held, of which doubtless
your reporter will have taken note. It was a flower
show that, as managed, had little to interest the
British Association, and wound up with fireworks.
Why horticulture, in its public aspects, should con-
tent itself with being a mere machine for producing
flower-shows, is a mystery ; but why, at such meet-
ings as the British Association, so good an oppor-
tunity of presenting horticulture in its scientific
aspects, and of showing the naturalists of section D
how much they may learn from the horticulturist is
lost, is more mysterious still. Some day a horticul-
turist may preside over the Association, or, at least,
over section D, and drive home the fact that horti-
culture, as an applied science, ranks as high as any
other of the mixed sciences. But the British Asso-
ciation has still much to learn in the way of popu-
larising science, the authors of papers read their
communications, and generally read them badly,
and the speakers are, as a rule, little better.
Public speaking does not apparently form
part of the education of a scientist. A
common fault is hit off in one of the New-
castle papers, which may be noted for the
benefit of speakers in the Drill Hall :— " The desk
was much too low down, and this was a common
defect iu all the sections. It may appear unimpor-
tant to the management of the British Association,
but if a man is to read from a desk at all, it should
be so placed as to enable him to see his audience,
and to enable his audience to see him. The dry
light of science is doubtless a good thing, but a little
human interest is also desirable. It was quite a

relief to Mr. 's audience when he stopped in his

monologue to drink some water, and thus gave it an
opportunity for applause." Those who have been
present at the meetings of the Royal Horticultural
Society in the Drill Hall at Westminster or at Chis-
wick, will appreciate this ; indeed, the most ludicrous
things of the kind occurred at the Rose Conference at
Chiswick, where a reverend gentleman was accommo-

334

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 21, 1889.

dated with a sloping board of funereal black on which
to rest his paper, raised on a tall stand and placed
at such an acute angle that the paper was nearly
vertical, and at such a height as to be on a level
with the speaker's face. The consequence was that
the audience, that is to say, they who presumably
wished to hear.could neither see nor hear. Decidedly
both sneaker and audience were bored with that
black board. From the East.

DOUBLE SUNFLOWER— There has recently been
discussion about different forms of double forms of
Helianthus mulriflorus. In my garden the double is
doubtful what form to assume, so it produces single,
and double with narrow ligules in the centre, and
double with broad ligules on the same plant. Some-
times the characters are mixed in the same flower.
These vagaries are well known in many gardens. I
send specimens. C. Wolley Bod, Edge Hall, Malpas.

THE APPLE AND PEAR CONFERENCE, 1888 —
Some interesting information is given in the City Press
of September 18, 1889, on the Apple and Pear Con-
ference of 1888. The paper shall speak for itself.
It says: — "As a pamphlet, and in a form very suit-
able for keeping as a book of reference, the Royal
Horticultural Society publish through Messrs. Spot-
tiswoode & Co., the papers read last year at the
Apple and Pear Conference, which was held at the
Crystal Palace. The several papers are by authorities
in the fruit world, and consequently it is to be sup-
posed that they contain everything that is known, so
far, concerning the best methods to adopt for the
purpose of cultivating the Apple and Pear
to good advantage. Amongst the contributors
may be mentioned Mr. Shirley Hibberd and Mr.
James Douglas of the Gardeners* Magazine.
and Mr. C. B. Saunders of Amateur Gardening."
Prom the foregoing we learn that the handsome
volume the Royal Horticultural Society has priced
at 7s. 6d., and that extends to 370 pages, is a
" pamphlet." Next we learn that the Conference
did not take place at Chiswick, but at the Crystal
Palace. The third item is one of awful import, for
it assigns the editorship of Amateur Gardening to a
respectable gentleman, Mr. C. B. Saunders [of
Jersey], who has probably never heard of the thing.
Will Mr. Saunders endure the association of his
name with the "coloured plates "of the paperth.it
is thus, by means of three unpardonable blunders,
forced into public notice ? Corpo Campo.

THE EARLY FROST.— The thermometer here
went down to 31° last night, Sept. 16, damaging
all tender things. Is such a frost not very
unusual thus early ? Tkos. Taylor, Beech Holme,
Hocking, Braintrec, Sept. 17. [We have heard
of 7° being registered. Last year frost came in
August. Ed.]

Societies.

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL.

September, 17. — At last Tuesday's meeting at
Westminster, the Dahlia was well represented, but
beyond that, and a nice group of greenhouse
Rhododendrons, there was nothing floral that was
particularly striking. A collection of Grapes was
sent by Mr. Roupell, and as for the Orchid
Committee, there were but few items to engage
the attention of the members.

Floral Committee.

Present : W. Marshall, Esq., in the chair ; and
Messrs. R. Dean, W. Holmes, B. Wynne, L. Castle,
T. W. Girdlestone, J. Walker, W. 0. Leach, Ch.
Noble. Ed. Mawley, W. Goldring, G. Paul, S. Hib-
berd, J. Douglas, and Dr. Masters.

From the Royal Exotic Nurseries, Chelsea, Messrs.
J. Veitch & Son sent an attractive group of plants.
•Some twenty hybrid Rhododendrons in a variety of
delicate colours were very showy ; and about thirty
flower-heads of Hydrangea paniculata grandiflora
shown in one mass were equally conspicuous ; these
large types of flowers are very useful and decorative
in shrubberies. Branches of Berberis vulgaris were
laden with coral-red fruit. Ceanothus azureus, both
pink and blue forms, a branch of Eucalyptus coccifera,
and several shoots of Daphniphyllum glaucescens,
with bold, rich glaucous green foliage were also
shown. From the same source came Nepenthes
Burkei with a number of pitchers, which are about
4 to G inches in length, somewhat constricted

below the opening, and expanding below the middle ;
the colour is apple-green with prominent red-brown
mottlings about the apex, becoming fainter till at
the base there are none — the lid is flat and of a
green colour, the annulus leing red-brown.

Messrs. Hewitt & Co., Solihull, sent Coleus Cleo-
patra, with large ovate leaves, about 7 inches by 8.
The colouring is green in the centre, with crimson
towards the apex, with yellow and brownish spots
here and there over the surface. The plant was
very stout and sturdy-looking, about 18 inches high.
Another strong looking variety also shown was of a
pale dead yellow colour.

A verv elegant flower was seen in Mr. J. O'Briens
Watsonia iridifolia O'Brieni, which has flowers of
the purest white colour, and sweetly scented — a
very deserving novelty.

French Marigolds were represented by some
excellent blooms from Messrs. Dobbie & Co., of
Rothesay, N.B. ; the double yellow, crimson, and
striped, and the single striped, were all of high
merit, and spoke well for the strain, which was
commended by the committee. Mr. R. Dean, Ealing,
also sent a few Marigolds, large blooms; and a very
floriferous plant of a yellow French Marigold,
together with white and red single Dianthus, the
white Snowflake being of a good pure colour.

Mr. G. Stevens, Putney, sent bl >oms of Chrysan-
themum Sam Henshaw, of the incurved Japanese
section, the petals being silvery-crimson on the
reverse, with a pale crimson face ; this variety was
certificated at the last exhibition of the National
Chrysanthemum Society. Also Annie Stevens, a
quilled Japanese, creamy white, with bright yellow
centre, the flowers being of good form and size.

Mr. F. Ross, Pendell Court Gardens, Bletchingley,
contributed an object of much interest in the once
much grown Aphelandra cristata, in two well-
flowered shoots ; the rich scarlet colour is very
bright, and the flowers numerous. Under the name
of Hibiscus pedunculatus, the same exhibitor had a
species with delicate rose-coloured flowers about
3 inches across.

It is late to see Roses, but nevertheless, Messrs.
W. Paul & Sons, Waltham Cross, London, N, had
half-a-dozen boxes of very satisfactory blooms of
several favourite H.P. and Teas, and mention may
be made of Marie Van Houtte, Fisher Holmes, S.
Verdier, Ulrich Brunner tils, Paul Neron, Marechal
Niel, and Ella Gordon.

From Messrs. J. Laing & Sons, Forest Hill, S.E., was
sent a group of early flowering Chrysanthemums, in
which were such varieties as G. Wermig, Madame
Desgrange, S.Attock,&c. This firm also contributed a
few blooms of Dahlias, Cactus and pompon, Amphion,
Panthea, Juarezii, Professor Baldwin being promi-
nent among the former, with Little Darkie, white
with crimson tips ; Isabella, scarlet, and German
Favourite, carmine, among the pompons.

Messrs. Paul & Son, Cheshunt, contributed a fine
bank of Cactus, pompon, show, and single Dahlias
elegantly arranged, and containing the leading
favourites of each section ; the singles were very fine,
and the old Paragon still maintained its leading
position.

From the Lowfield Nurseries, Crawley, Messrs. J.
Cheal & Son, sent a few novelties in single Dahlias.
There was a distinct addition to the bordered single
forms in Gulielma, white, with Indian yellow side
bands to each petal. This flower attracted much
notice, and was received with marked favour.
Northern Star is red, with a bright yellow edge, and
looks well at a distance ; and Ambrosia, pink, with
orange edge, is also good. Centennial, from the same
source, a Cactus form of rich purple-carmine, is also
worthy of note.

A stand of a few well-grown single varieties was
contributed by T. W. Girdlestone, Esq., Sunning-
dale, Berks. Hester Dorothea, which was selected
for distinction, has flowers of dark claret colour, and
the plant, it was stated, only attains a height of
about 2i feet, which is a great recommendation.
Maud was a bright yellow, and Sixpenny and Lady
Leila were also good.

Show Dahlias were exhibited by Mr. J. T. West,
Cornwalls, Brentwood, who had some capital blooms,
among which Mr. Gladstone, William Jackson,
Ethel Button, Prince Bismarck, Dorothy, Peacock,
and Frank Pearce were conspicuous. Centenary, a
Cactus variety, also from Mr. West, is a novelty of
a bright scarlet colour.

Mr. C. Turner, Royal Nurseries, Slough, also had
some fine blooms of show and fancy varieties, and a
few bunches of pompons. Glowworm, Maud Fel-
lowes, Agnes, and Sunrise were good. Marmion, a
new variety with crimson streaks on a yellow-brown

ground, and a well-formed flower, was certificated,
and Eldorado, rich crimson, was another fine bloom.
A very extensive collection of show varieties of
their own raising, came from Messrs Rawlings Bros.,
Romford. There were included several well-known
varieties, as R. T. Rawlings, Qn«en of the Belgians,
H. Eckford, Mr. G. Harris. W. Riwlmgs, J. Hen-
shaw, Mrs. Rawlings, and Dr. R-dily. pale crimson
with darker tips to the petals. From Mr. G. S. P.
Harris, Scads Hill, Orpington. Kent, was a new show
Dahlia, Conquest, whitish-rose, very pretty; and
from Mr. J. Green, nurseryman, Dereham, Norfolk,
came a Cactus Dahlia, Black Prince, ot a very dark
colour, but not so starry as are the best blooms of
this section.

Orchid Committee.

Present: Dr. M. T. Masters in the chair; and
Messrs. H. Ballantine, J. Dominy, Ch. Pilcher, J,
Douglas, E. Hill, and J. O'Brien.

A hybrid Cattleya was shown by Miss Harris, The
Grange, Lamberhurst; this plant was the result of
crossing C. Schilleriana and C. Mjssia?, the latter
being the seed-bearer. The flower of the hybrid it
in form much like that of the pollen-parent, but a
deeper hue is taken on to the petals, which are rosy-
crimson. The lip, too, has a slight fringing, and is
veined as in C. Mossioe, with rich crimsou, one paler
crimson, fading to yellow. About the throat the
expanding portion of the lip is quite flat ; the growth
is that of C. Mossias. The plant is named Miss
Harris.

Mr. Ballantine, gr. to Baron Schroder, The Dell,
Egham, sent a variety of Miltonia vexillaria nana
Leopoldi, which is richly coloured, with a very dark
triangular blotch at the base of the lip. It was con-
sidered by some to be very like the variety superba,
but in the opinion of the committee it was distinct.

From Mr. Cummins, gr. to A. H. Smee, Esq., The
Grange, Wellington, came a small plant of Masde-
vallia vespertilio, yellow-brown, with brown spots,
and a white lip, after the general appearance of M.
Chimoera, and Disperis Fanniniai, with four flowers,
the pale green leaves, ovate, acuminate, and sessile.
The flowers are about half an inch long, white, and a
peculiar formation is seen in the dorsal sepal, which
is formed into a hood, and joins its apex to the apex
of the lip.

Fruit Committee.

Present: R. D. Blackmore, Esq., in the chair;
and Messrs. Ph. Crowley, J. Cheal, W. Bates, J.
Willard, G. Bunyard, J. Wright, A. II. Pearson,
T. J. Saltmarsh, G. Wythes, J. Hudson. H. Balder-
son, F. R. Lane, C. Haycock, H. Weir, G. W.
Cummins, and Dr. Hogg.

A collection of eighteen varieties of Grapes was
shown by W. Roupell, Esq., Roupell Park, S E. ; they
had all been grown under similar conditions in
10-inch pots, and so comparison could be instituted.
Canon Hall Muscat was about the finest for size of
berry, and Muscat Hamburgh was also good ; Foster's
Seedling was well coloured, and Chasselas MusquS
was also shown. Diamant Traube, as shown, was
fine — it is clear green, round-oval, and the bunch is
also good; it is an old, almost lost Grape, with a
capital Sweetwater flavour, and merits cultivation.

Messrs. W. Paul & Son, Waltham Cross, N„ had
a large lot of Apples and Pears — over one hundred
dishes in all. The Apples were excellent specimens,
of fine appearance ; Beauty of Kent, Washington,
Tom Putt, Peasgood's Nonsuch, Tower of Glamis,
Warner's King, Stirling Castle, Benoni, Belle de
Bois, and others were well shown Apples ; while of
Pears, Williams' Bon Chretien, Souvenir du Congres,
Conseilleur de la Cour, Louise Bonne, may be named.

Three dozen dishes of large well-grown Apples
came from Messrs. J. Laing & Sons, Forest Hill ;
Cellini, Lord Suflield, Worcester Pearmain, Duchess
of Oldenburg, Warner's King, Emperor Alexander,
and other favourites were seen.

Messrs. Paul & Son, Cheshunt, had twenty-five
dishes of Apples, in which Duchess of Oldenburg,
Worcester Pearmain, Peasgood's Nonsuch, Wyken,
Tower of Glamis were excellent fruits.

Melons were shown by Mr. Taylor, Swindon Hall
Gardens, Cheltenham ; Mr. J. Brutton, Yeovil ; and
Mr. G. Hawkins, Bridge End, Glamorganshire, but
were of no merit ; and from the Royal Horticultural
Society's Gardens, fruits of the so-called Melon
Pear (Solanum guatemalense) were shown — it has a
flavour somewhat resembling a mixture of the
Tomato and Cucumber, and, to our taste, is not very
pleasing.

September 21, 1889.]

THE GABDENEBS* GHBONICLE

335

Awards were made as follows :—

By the Floral Committee.
First-class Certificate.
To Watsonia iridifolia O'Brieni, from Mr. James
O'Brien (unanimous).

Awards of Merit.
' To Single Dahlia Hester Dorothea, from Mr.
,Girdlestone (6 votes).

i To Coleus Cleopatra, from Messrs. Hewitt & Co.
1(7 — 4 votes).

To Dahlia Conquest, from Mr. G. S. P. Harris

1 (V votes).

To Chrysanthemum Annie Stevens, from Mr. G.
Stevens (7 votes).

Bronze Banksian to Messrs. J. Laing & Sons, for
collection of Dahlias.

Bronze Banksian to Mr. J. T. West, for Dahlias.

Bronze Banksian to Messrs. J. Veitch, for collec-
tion of Rhododendrons.

By the Orchid Committee.
First-class Certificates.
To Cattleya Miss Harris, from Miss Harris, The
Grange, Lamberhurst.

To Miltonia vexillaria Leopoldi, from Baron
Schroder, Egham.

Botanical Certificates.
To Disperis Fanninite and to Masdevaliia vesper-
tilio, from A. H. Smee, Esq., Wellington. These
awards were all unanimous.

THE EDINBURGH PLUM CONGRESS
AND CONFERENCE.

The Congress, as was announced in our issue of
last week, was a fairly representative one as regards
the districts in the United Kingdom whence speci-
mens came. About 1240 dishes of Plums were
received by the committee, of which Sir. Malcolm
Dunn was convener, and to whose individual efforts
was chieflv due the large measure of success that
attended the project. The jurors — Messrs. Webster
(Gordon Castle), Barron (Chiswick), and Fairgreive
(Dunkeld) — passed the whole through a careful
scrutiny, especially with the view of checking and
correcting nomenclature, and noting the varieties
from the different localities, so as to assess the worth

Fig. 50. — vanda kimualliana. (see r, 333.)

To Dahlia Marmion, from Mr. C. Turner (7 votes ).

To Dahlia Centenary, from Mr. T. West (8 votes).

To Dahlia Gulielma, from Messrs. J. Cheal &
Sons (unanimous).

•To strain of Dianthus Snowflake, from Mr. R.
Dean.

Cultural Commendation.

To Aphelandra cristata, from Mr. F. Ross.

Medals.

Silver Banksian to Messrs. Paul & Sons, for col-
lection of Dahlias.

Bronze Banksian to Messrs. W. Paul & Son, for
collection of Roses.

Bronze Banksian to Messrs. Rawlings Bros., fur
collection of Dahlias.

By the Fruit Committee.
First-class Certificate.
To Grape Diamant, from Mr. W. Roupell.

Medals.

Silver Banksian to Messrs. W. Paul & Son, for
collection of Apples and Pears.

Silver Banksian to Mr. W. Ronpell, for Grapes.

Bronze Banksian to Messrs. J. Laing & Sons, for
collection of Apples.

The Late Mr. Boscawens Orchids.— The
sale of Mr. Boscawen's Orchids will take place at
Lamorran on October 3.

of each for culture in the conditions in which they
were grown. Pretty full particulars as to soil,
situation, elevation, &c, being given in along with
the majority of the samples, the official report, which
will doubtless appear in due time, will be a valuable
work of reference on Plum lore.

Perhaps the most interesting exhibit from the
North was that from Gordon Castle, which consisted
of about sixty sorts, nearly a half of which were
seedlings raised by Mr. Webster. Very few of the
latter were named, but one of them — Gordon
Castle Seedling — is described in the latest
edition of Hogg's Manual. Several of the seedlings
were exhibited on their branches to show their fruit-
fulness, which in some cases was prodigious. One of
these, named " October Green Gage," was not nearly

336

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 21, 1889.

ripe; individually the fruit closely resembles the
common Green Gage in form, colour, and size, but it
is an immense bearer ; the branch exhibited was
from a standard, was densely clustered for about
2 feet of its length. Being unripe its flavour could
not be tested, but Mr. Webster says it was dis-
tinctly that of a Green Gage. This and others of the
seedlings were highly commended by the jurors,
and attracted considerable notice from the fruit
growers present.

Besides the Gordon Castle lot, others from the
north-east of Scotland, of excellent quality, were
tabled. Those, particularly from Cullen House,
Banffshire (Mr. Smith, gr.), and from Haddo llouse,
Aberdeenshire (Mr. Forrest, gr.), were very good,
though limited in number. In the latter collection,
Nectarine, Washington, Goliath, and Jefferson were
the best grown varieties, and in the former, Lawson's
Golden Gage was notable. Good collections came
also from Mr. Crosbie, Buchanan House; and
Mr. McLeod, Harrieston, the former containing supe-
rior Kirke's and Magnum Bonum ; and the latter,
Washington, Coe's Golden Drop, and Magnum
Bonum, as dishes of high excellence. Mr. Whitton,
of Glamis, Forfarshire, set up twelve varieties, all
good and well grown, but with Transparent Gage
specially fine. Mr. Williams, Tarvit House, Cupar,
tabled, among other good sorts, some excellent
Jefferson, Pond's Seedling, Magnum Bonum, and
Goliath.

Midlothian contributed largely to the gathering.
Mr. Dunn, Dalkeith Palace, led the contingent with
a collection of fifty varieties, very superior samples,
among which were Jefferson, Kirke's, Victoria,
Reine Claude de Bavay, and Transparent Gage, the
latter especially good, and unquestionably the finest
of its kind in the hall. Messrs. Dicksons & Co.,
Edinburgh, had the next most important collection,
in which were excellent examples of Grand Duke,
Cox's Emperor, Goliath, Webster's Golden Gage,
and Victoria. There were, in all, some thirty varie-
ties, chiefly from cordon, bush, and pyramid trees
from the firm's Liberton orchard. Other good col-
lections from this county were exhibited by Messrs.
McIIattie, Newbattle Abbey ; McKinnon, Melville
Castle ; Taylor, Inveresk House, who showed the
best samples of Ouillin's Golden Gage at the Con-
gress ; and Bowman, Pittendreich, Lasswade, whose
collection contained the finest example of Lawson's
Golden Gage in the hall.

Haddingtonshire was well represented by Messrs.
Morrison, Archerfield ; McKelvie, Broxmouth, the
best dishes in the latter being Kirke's, Jefferson,
Magnum Bonum, and Transparent Gage ; and in the
former, Jefferson, Goliath, Victoria, and Magnum
Bonum.

Berwickshire was represented by Messrs. Elliott,
Blackadder House, whose collection contained, among
other good kinds, excellent samples of Belgian Purple
and Golden Gage ; and Mr. Mcintosh, Paxton House,
■whose best samples were Magnum Bonum and Pond's
Seedling.

Roxburghshire and the Tiveed District sent several
superior collections. Mr. Milne, Minto House,
among other sorts, had a very fine Goliath and Vic-
toria. Mr. Watt, Prior Wood, in a collection of thirty
kinds, presented capital samples of Magnum Bonum,
Jefferson, Kirke's, and Goliath ; and Mr. Thomson,
Eildon Hall, some very good Jefferson, Green Gage,
Victoria, and Magnum Bonum.

Peeblesshire, Mr. Thomson, Carball, sent a good
collection for such a high, cold district, the best of
which were Victoria and Goliath ; and Mr. Cum-
minson, Kingsmuir, sent [good Jefferson, Kirke's,
and Coe's Golden Drop.

The Clyde District, gave several good collections :
Mr. McKinlay, Blackwood House, Lesmahago, exhi-
bited some excellent Goliath and Cox's Emperor;
and Mr. Angus Dalziel some superior Kirke's and
Goliath.

Perthshire was strongly represented : Mr. Fair-
greive, Dunkeld, put up eighteen varieties, the best
of which were Caledonian, Pond's Seedling, Jeffer-
son, Cox's Emperor, Magnum Bonum, and Vic-
toria. Mr. Harper, Tullibelton, showed excellent
Cox's Emperor, and Kirke's. Mr. Whitton, Meth-
ven Castle, good Washington and Guthrie's Topaz ;
Mr. King, Blair Drummond, Jefferson, Magnum
Bonum, and Cox's Emperor, in capital form ; and
Mr. McKinnon, Scone Palace, Braby's Gage, Dia-
mond, and Pond's Seedling, very good.

Wigtonshire gave an excellent collection, which
was sent by Mr. McLennen, Castle Wigg, and con-
tained some capital Coe's Golden Drop and Kirke's.
English exhibits were about twelve in number, and
in the main were very superior, and in some cases

more varied and interesting than those of Scotland.
Mr. Clark, Lowther Castle, Penrith, sent some excel-
lent Kirke's, Goliath, and Magnum Bonum. Mr. Harris,
Alnwick Castle, put up superior Kirke's, Prince
Englebert, Lawson's Golden Gage and Victoria; Mr.
Christie, Warwick Castle, fine Magnum Bonums,
Heine Claude de Bavay, Jefferson, Belgian Purple,
and Pond's Seedling ; Mr. Alexander, Warley Place,
Essex, had extra good samples of Goliath, Jefferson
and Magnum Bonum. Messrs. H. Lane & Son, Berk-
hampsted, had very superior Jefferson, Prince
Englebert, Grand Duke, Sultan, Prince of Wales,
Pond's Seedling, and Diamond. Mr. Watkin,
Pomona Farm, Hereford, showed a good collection,
among which Diamond, Peach. Pond's Seedling,
Ouillin's, Cox's Emperor, Green Gage, and Magnum
Bonum were very superior. Mr. Smith, Mentmore,
had a very large and interesting collection, the best
of which were Green Gage, Grand Duke, Trans-
parent Gage, Cox's Emperor, Sultan, and Michel-
son's, along with excellent samples of Shropshire and
Farleigh Damson, Mussel, and Black Bullace.

Messrs. Smith & Son, Worcester, set up an
excellent collection in which Diamond, Coe's
( iolden Drop, Cox's Emperor, Goliath, and
Peine Claude de Bavay were among the best
samples. Mr. Barron, Chiswick, exhibited, among
others, the little known Poupart, Decaisne, Wine-
sour, and White and Royal Bullace. Messrs.
James Veitch & Son, Chelsea, had a large
and excellent exhibit, conspicuous in which were
Peine Claude Violette, Lawson's Golden Gage, Frog-
more Late Gage, Jefferson, Reine Claude de Bavay,
Decaisne. and Transparent Gage. Mr. George Bun-
yard, Maidstone, Kent, sent an interesting collection,
among which were fruit-laden boughs of King of
Damsons, Reine Claude de Bavay, and Magnum
Bonum. Mr. Rust, Bridge Castle, Sussex, tabled a
rather numerous collection, among which Diamond,
Grand Duke, Pond's Seedling, Washington, and
Transparent Gage were conspicuously good.

Ireland contributed five collections. Mr, Cum-
ming, St. Ellens, Dublin, showed some excellent
Magnum Bonum. Victoria, and Goliath. Mr. Cob-
ham, Garbally, co. Galway, superior Magnum
Bonum, Pond's Seedling, Coe's Golden Drop, and
Kirke's. Mr. Warwick, Shane's Castle, co. Antrim,
good Transparent Gage, and Jefferson. Mr. Whyt-
tock, Coolatton, co. Wicklow, capital Diamond,
Pond's Seedling, Prince Englebert, and Belle de
Septembre, and Mr. Hartland, Cork, excellent
samples of Magnum Bonum, Archduke, and Reine
Claude de Bavay.

The Conference,

Which was well attended, was presided over by
Mr. M. Dunn, who read a brief paper on the history,
the cultivation, and the uses of the Plum. In the
discussion which followed, Mr. Webster gave some
interesting details respecting his mode of procedure
in crossing for the purpose of rearing new varieties.
He had hitherto directed his efforts towards infusing
the flavour of the Gage family into the larger fruiting
sorts, such as Jefferson, and had, for this purpose,
selected the latter as the seed parent, and Green
Gage as the pollen parent, and had succeeded in
some cases in getting near to his ideal.

Mr. Davidson, of Messrs. Dicksons & Co., endea-
voured to elicit the cause of the death of trees of
Victoria and Prince of Wales, which sometimes
occurs to a disastrous extent in the orchards of the
Clyde district and elsewhere. The cause, he said,
was obscure, and there was considerable difference
of opinion regarding it, some holding that it was
constitutional, and others that it was due to the
trees being worked on unsuitable stocks. Mr.
Barron had seen hundreds of trees die about London
in the way described, but had been unable to decide
as to the cause of death, but held the opinion that
it was probably owing to the action of frost on the
sap in spring.

STIRLING.

Sept. 5 and 0. — This show was held in the large
Public Hall, which, although it is capacious, was
filled to overflowing ; plants were shown in good
numbers, and though not of large size, they were
specimens of superior cultivation. Mr. J. Car-
michael, of Tench ; Mr. A. Ferguson, Woodville ;
Mr. McTavish, Airethrey ; Mr. Watson and Mr. J.
Waldie, Arndean, were the most successful ex-
hibitors of plants.

Cut flowers consisted of Dahlias, Asters, Chry-
santhemums, and varieties of hardy herbaceous in

considerable quantities. Mr. McTavish, Mr. Daw-
son, Mr. D. McDonald, Mr. McNiel, Mr. Ferguson,
and Mr. H. Watson being the chief prize takers.

Fruit constituted a fine feature, and brought out a
strong competition. Mr. McTavish won 1st place
with two kinds of Grapes, staging Muscat of Alex-
andria and Black Hamburgh of fine quality, good
alike in colour and bloom. Mr. D. Howie took 1st
in the Black Hamburgh class, and in classes for any
other white or black kinds, in each competition, with
finely-finished bunches. With Muscat of Alexan-
dria, Mr. D. McDonald, of Dalnair, won, showing
fruit well-coloured and fully ripe. Mr. McTavish
was successful with Peaches and Nectarines. Jar-
gonelle Pears were shown in large numbers, some
few dishes being over ripe, but others were in capital
condition; Mr. Alexander being 1st. Mr. W. W.
Ritchie, Polmaise, showed strongly in the Plum
classes. For eight kinds of fruit, and for six sorts
of hardy fruits, Mr. McTavish stood 1st, with good
produce in each instance. Apples were shown in
good condition by the last-named exhibitor, Ecklin-
ville being the kind staged.

Vegetables were tabled in large numbers ; for a
collection of ten kinds, Mr. D. McNeil secured the
1st place, against another strong exhibit from Mr.
McTavish. The Peas, Potatos, Cauliflowers, and
Celery in the 1st prize lot were very fine. Mr. J.
Todd secured the 1st position with six kinds of
Potatos. Messrs. Drummond & Sons, of Stirling,
greatly assisted the show by their exhibits of plants
and cut flowers, not for competition.

NEWCASTLE.

Sept. 11, 12, and 13. — The sixty-fifth autumn
show of the Incorporated Botanical and Horticul-
tural Society of Durham, Northumberland, and
Newcastle, was opened on Wednesday in the
Leazes Park, Newcastle, under the patronage of
the British Association. The weather was not pro-
pitious, and somewhat interfered with the atten-
dance. The show was excellent in every respect.
The display in each and all of the classes exceeded
anything previously seen at Newcastle exhibitions.
The fruit classes called for special mention, and the
crowds of people who witnessed the various exhibits,
which were tastefully arrayed in the centre tent,
expressed the unanimous opinion that they had seen
nothing to surpass the display. The show of cut
flowers was perhaps the best ever seen in this
county — at least this was the opinion of competent
judges. Roses were rather late, and though they
lacked quantity, they certainly were of excellent
quality. Dahlias, too, were a magnificent show.
Gladioli were extraordinarily good, and they em-
braced many choice varieties. Northern horticul-
turists evidenced great interest in the show of Holly-
hocks, and it included some fine specimens.

The opinion was unanimously expressed that the
display of herbaceous plants could not well be
rivalled anywhere else. Whether the goodness of
the show is attributable to the fact that the Society
gave extra prize-money, in addition to £100 pre-
sented by the British Association, or that the exhi-
bitors have been awakened to a still keener sense of
rivalry in competition, is a matter of speculation.
Certain it is, however, that the display this year in
point of quality exceeded all previous exhibitions
held under the auspices of the Society. There were
no less than thirteen firms who have stands
elaborately decorated with flowers, &c, or with
florists' requisites, and they in themselves form a
most important attraction.

Messrs. William Fell & Co., seedsmen and nur-
serymen, Hexham, exhibited one of the finest col-
lections of specimen Conifers ever seen in the
north. The specimen Conifers are from 4 to 7 feet
in height, and perfectly symmetrical in shape, and
remarkable for healthy colour.

Messrs. Little & Ballantyne, of Carlisle, exhibited
a large variety of ornamental plants, which were
arranged with fine effect. The Crotons, as in past
years, were superb specimens, both for colour and
finish. In addition to other exhibits, they had a
fine group of seedling tuberous Begonias.

BRIGHTON.

Sept. 11 and 12. — This autumn show was ad-
mitted by those of the Brighton and Sussex Horti-
cultural Societ who have frequently seen it, to be
the best that has been held for many years, in the
quality and number of the exhibits. Mr. Offer, gr.
to J. Warren, Esq., Handcross Park, was a very pro-

September 21, 1889.]

THE GAB BE NEBS' CHBONICLE.

337

minent exhibitor of many well-grown specimen
plants. He was 1st, with eight stove or greenhouse
plants, having, among others, good examples of
Lapageria rosea and Franciscea calycina major.

For four plants, Mr. Portnell, gr. to Sir Archibald
Lamb, Beauport Park, Hastings, was an easy 1st,
with finely flowered specimens of Bougainvillea
glabra and Erica cerinthoides coronata. Other
exhibitors showed well, the most noticeable plant
being a fine Vallotta purpurea, and the Erica above-
named, a very fine specimen, both of which came
from Mr. Crossman, gr. to the Misses Briscoe, Cog-
hurst Park. A superbly flowered plant of Lapa-
geria alba was staged by Mr. Mould, Pewsey, Wilts.
Ericas are, as a rule, shown well at Brighton. Mr.
Portnell won the 1st prize, with healthy, medium
sized plants of the following: — E. Austiniana, E.
Irbyana, E. Aitoniana Turnbulli, E. Fairrieana, and
E. McNabiana. Mr. Offer came out strongly with
fine-foliage plants, his Crotons being fine in colour
and robust in health, and consisted of the varieties,
C. Warrenii, C. Audreanus, C. princeps, and C.
Evansianus ; also capital plants of Cycas circinalis,
Encephalartos villosus, Latania borbonica, and the
seldom seen Bounapartea juncea, together with a
healthy piece of Phyllotienium Lindenii — a fine
group of plants. Mr. Currey, gr. to Colonel Pepper,
Salisbury, was a good 2nd, with well-grown plants
— Croton Johannis, C. angustifolius, and Dasylirion
acrotrichum being the best. Mr. Offer repeated his
former success, with six Ferns, Cyathea dealbata,
and other Tree Ferns, with a grand plant of Tham-
nopteris nidus avis and Gleichenia Mendelii, forming
in all a fine half-dozen.

In a class provided for a group of Ferns arranged
for effect, he won again, with a tasteful arrange-
ment set up in a bold and effective manner ; Mr. W.
Miles, West Brighton Nursery, being a good 2nd ;
and Mr. Spottiswood, gr. to Mrs. Duddell, Queen's
Park, Brighton, a close 3rd. In other groups, Mr.
Currey won, with a light arrangement.

Zonal Pelargoniums were shown in good form in
two classes by Mr. Meachen, gr. to Mrs. Armstrong,
Withdeane.

Begonias (tuberous) made a very effective display,
and elicited a strong competition, Mr. Humphrey,
Highlands, Keymer, taking 1st, havins in his twelve
plants several good doubles. Mr. J. B. Godraan
won with a like number of very fresh healthy plants
for the dinner table.

A noble group of decorative Palms, Cycads, and
other fine foliage plants, prominent among which
were bright examples of Crotons in variety, and
Acalypha musaica, and vigorous Lilium longiflorum
Harrissi in quantity, with blooms of unusual size,
were staged, not for competition, by Messrs. Balchin
& Sons, Keymer and Hove Nurseries ; and the same
firm suspended an anchor in white flowers in front
of a pier-glass, where it was seen to good advantage.

Cut Flowers in the several classes were staged in
fresh bright condition, the August rains having
evidently benefited hardy herbaceous and other
flowers, and which made a capital display of them-
selves. Messrs. Paul & Son, who staged in their
well-known form, were 1st ; and Mr. Miller, of
Shoreham, was a good 2nd.

Stove and greenhouse cut flowers were very strong
in Ericas of the hard-wooded type, and other good
plants of this season of the year. Mrs. Gibson,
Saffron Walden, took 1st, against Messrs. Knight &
Co., Ore ; the positions of the two exhibitors might
have been reversed, without any complaint being
reasonably raised. In a smaller class, Mr. Godman
took 1st, having in his box many good things not
often observed at shows.

Dahlias were not quite so Dumerous as usual ;
Messrs. Cheal & Sons, Lowfield Nurseries, Crawley,
however, staged exceedingly well in forty-eight show
and fancy decorative varieties, and pompons and
singles, taking 1st, in every competition ; Mr. Walker,
Thame, being 1st for twenty-four blooms of show
and fancy varieties.

Roses were fresh and bright, Messrs. S. Perkins
&"Sons, Coventry, beating Messrs. Paul & Son in
the larger class. In other classes, Mr. F. P. BunM,
of Bath, was the most successful exhibitor, being
strong in Tea-scented Roses.

Bouquets and a wreath from Messrs. S. Perkins
& Sons secured the 1st awards in their respective
classes.

Table decorations were not qu te so numerous,
but had there been more, there would have arisen
some difficulty in staging them. Mr. Miller toi k
lBt, with a light arrangement ; his three stands had
the moat noticeable feature of being composed

chiefly of hardy flowers, yet the effect was all that
could be desired.

Messrs. Ewing, of Havant, showed boxes of cut
flowers and foliage, the latter consisting of the best
ornamental varieties of trees and shrubs, being an
interesting exhibit. Mr. Geo. W. Piper, of Piltdown
Nurseries, showed several boxes of Roses, chiefly
Teas, in bunches, exemplifying their value in the
autumn for cut purposes.

Fruit was, as usual, abundant. Grapes, perhaps,
of excellent quality were not quite so numerous.
Mr. Baker, Ottershaw Park. Chertsey, was 1st, with
Black Alicante ; and Dr. Withers Moore with Black
Hamburgh, both lots being well finished. Muscats
were finely shown by Mr. P. E. King, Finchley, who
had Cannon Hall Muscat, large in bunch and berry.
Mr. Goldsmith, Kelsey Manor, won 1st in another
class, with good produce.

Pine-apple, a Queen of large size, was staged by
Mr. Pain, Chelford. Peaches and Nectarines were
present in good numbers, Mr. Lucas, Warnham
Court, taking 1st. with two dishes of fine Sea Eagle
and Barrington Peaches, of extra colour ; whilst the
fruits of Princess of Wales Peach, of large size, from
Mr. R. A. Bevan, took the 1st in the single dish
class. Of Nectarines, the best two dishes were Pine-
apple and Victoria, from Mr. Goldsmith ; and a
single dish again brought out Pine-apple Nectarine,
from Mr. Lucas. Figs were, as usual, of very fine
quality, and Mr. McLeod, of Glynde, and Mr. Miller
showed some excellent Brunswick and Brown Turkey.
Pears Williams' Bon Chretien and Beurre'
d'Amanlis were the winning varieties in both classes
of dessert kinds, and came from Mr. McLeod and
Mr. Goldsmith respectively. Fine fruits of Uvedale's
St. Germain were shown by Mr. R. A. Bevan and Mr.
King. Lady Sudely Apple came from Mr. Goldsmith,
and took the 1st prize in one class ; and Kerry
Pippin, from Mr. W. H. King, the same honours
in another. Culinary Applps were in strong force,
Warner's King and Nelson's Glory winning lsts for
Mr. W. Savill, in a strong competition. Of Plums,
Jefferson and Coe's Golden Drop were to the front,
the highest award going to Mr. C. T. Lucas in two
instances, and who also took two lsts for superior
Transparent Gage, and with extra fine fruits of
Morello Cherries. Toraatos were largely shown, the
best coming from Messrs. Ellis & Co., and Mr.
Wharton.

Several good collections of vegetables were shown
for the special prizes of Messrs. Sutton & Sons and
Messrs. Cheal & Son, the best lots coming from
Mr. C. Borrer Mr. Scott, Dr. Withers Moore, and
Mr. R. Bevan. A finely grown collection of the
best kinds of Apples and Pears were shown in their
usual style by Messrs. Cheal & Son, Crawley.

fBr the term "accumulated temperature" is meant a figure
representing the aggregate amount, as well as the dura-
tion, of the excess or defect of temperature above or below
42° Fahr. for the period named; and this combined result
is explained in Day-degrees — a " Day-degree " signifying
1° continued for twenty-fnur hours, or any other number
of degrees for an inversely proportional number of hours.]

The Weather,

THE PAST WEEK.

The following summary record of the weather for
the week ending September 16, is furnished from the
Metaorological Office : —

" The weather has been very fine and dry over the
more southern and south-western parts of England,
but over Ireland, Scotland, and the northern parts
of England, the conditions, though generally dry,
have been very cloudy.

" The temperature was much above the mean
during the greater part of the period, but towards
its close the thermometer fell quickly, so that the
average for the week shows an excess of only 1° in
'Scotland, N.,' and 2° in ' England, E.,' and 'Eng-
land, N.W.,' while the greatest difference was no
more than 4° over southern and central England
and the north of Ireland. The highest of the
maxima, which were recorded on irregular dates
between the 10th and 13th, varied from 66° to 73°
in Scotland, from 75° to 16° in Ireland, and from
73° to 84° over England. The lowest of the minima,
which were registered either on the 15th or 16th,
ranged from 34° in ' Scotland, N.,' and 36° in ' Eng-
laid, S..' and ' Scotland, W.,' to 49° in ' Ireland, N..'
and 52° in the ' Channel Islands.' During the
earlier part of the period the minima were, in many-
instances, as high as 60°.

" The rainfall has again been less than the mean
in all districts. At many of the English stations
the weather has continued quite rainiest.

Temperature.

Rainfall.

Bright

Sun.

j3 Sao
* a

lS<5

Accumulated

§3

a y

2"1

o
K
H

u S> 4>

4> g

u
O

o
pa a,

"33
M

a v

o t«

J u

°a

±1
£

o
S

C. »

aS
>>~

a ,
'S a

•-a
■**
o

a
>-a

a
c

boa
2 '"

a c
v o

< CO

Day-

lOths

In.

deg.

Inch.

i +

+ 221

+ 4

2 —

168

27.5

3 +

+ 53

+ 5

6 —

136

18.5

3 +

109

+ 54

+ 7

5 —

125

16.7

2 +

123

+ 29

+ 112

7 —

130

18.0

4 +

126

+ 33

+ 59

7 -

121

20.1

4 +

137

+ 77

+ 75

7 —

123

16.4

3 +

101

+ 93

— 23

7 -

144

27.3

2 +

113

+ 86

— 1

8 —

129

20.5

3 +

123

— 10

+ 8S

11 —

129

22.6

.36

4 +

118

+ 71

— 53

2 —

160

26.3

3 +

122

+ 3

- 14

5 —

143

25.3

3 +

139

+ 117— 16

8 —

135

17. J

The districts indicated by number in the first column ar«
the following : —

Principal Wheat-producing Districts — 1, Scotland, N. ;
2, Scotland, E. ; 3, England, N.E. ; 4, England, E. ;
5, Midland Counties; 6, Englmd, S.
PriTicipal Grazing, £•«., Districts — 7, Scotland, W. ; 8,
England, N.W.; 9, England. S.W. ; 10, Ireland, N.
11, Ireland, S. ; 12, Channel Islands.

Law Notes

In the High Court of Justice. Queen's Bench Division, between

Henry Hawkins and Joseph Bennett, Plaintiffs, and

Thomas S. Ware, Defendant.
Arbitration before Messrs. Ker, Paul, and Steele, at Nos. 63 and

61, Chancery Lane, September 10, 1839.
Extracts from Transcript of Shorthand Notes of Evidence.
Counsel for the Plaintiffs, Mr. J. P. Grain, instructed by Mr.

Bernard Wilson, of No. 25, Wellington Street, Strand.
Counsel for the Defendant, Mr. Loehnis, instructed by Mr.

Charles Butcher, of 25, Old Jewry, Solicitor to The Nursery

and Seed Trade Association, Limited.

Mr. Henry Hawkins called and sworn. Examined by Mr.
Grain : Q. You are one of the plaintiffs in this action, and carry
on business as a florist in partnership, under the name of
Hawkins & Bennett, of Twickenham? A. Yes.— Q. Have you
a very considerable business, and are you fairly well kno'wn
amongst florists? A. Yes. I am very well known indeed.— Q.
About four years ago you got from Mr. Wermig a Chrysanthe-
mum sport which you reared ? A. We bought plants from
Mr. Wermig, and had a sport from them. — Q. In reference to
that sport you exercised a good deal of care and attention, and
ultimately a sport came from it which you determined to ex-
hibit? A. True.— Q. At the National Chrysanthemum Society,
and also the Royal Horticultural Society at the Royal Aqua-
rium? A. Yes.— Q- That was in September. 1888? A. Yes.—
Q. You exhibited the sport under the name of Mrs. Hawkins?

A. Yes — Q. You were awarded these two Certificates?

A. Yes.— Q. Do you know, as a mitter of fact, to your
own knowledge, whether the defendant obtained any Cer-
tificate it either of these shows? A. He did not.— Q. Do
you remember, shortly after receiving this Certificate, de-
fendant coming to you ? A. I do — Q. Will you relate the con-
versation you had with him nt that interview in respect of the
matter now at issue? A. Firt>t we had received a letter from
Mr. Ware. [Dated September 15, 1883.] He came to see if

we would sell our plant He offered such a ridiculous

price that we would not sell ; I said we had two First-class
Certificates for the plant. After that, on leaving, he said, " If
you don't let me have it. I shall be up against you."— Q. The
interview ended in nothing ? A. I refused to sell. The terms
were not good enough.— Q. You thought the Certificates were

worth something? A. I did — Q. What do you say is a

fair price for Mrs. Hawkins "pUmt9? A- We should send them
outatlS*. a dozen.— Q. Do you recollect having this circular
brought to your notice? [Circular produced.] A. I do very
well.— Q. Thereupon you went to your solicitor ? A. I did.—
Q. You did not see the defendant at all ; you always left the
matter in the hands of your solicitor? A. Yes.— Q. Does that
r.Ur. Ware's representation of Chrysanthemum iu hi-* circular)
describe the shoot in reference to which you got the two Cer-
tificates? A. It lowers mine in the estimation of the public.
— Q. It is not a correct representation? A. No.— Q. Having
given your plant the name of Mrs. Hawkins, what is the cus-
tom of the trade in regard to that ? A. That the one plant only
ought to have the same name. — Q. A name once given to a
certificated plant, it is then known to the trade as coming from
the first plant? A. Yes.— Q. Does the Golden Fleece truly re-
present the certificated Mrs. Hawkins? A. No. [Circular pro-
duced, and read as follows :—" I was awarded lBt prizs at
the Exhibition of the National Chrysantliemum Society, held

338

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 21, 1889,

at the Royal Aquarium in September last."] — Q. Was there any
other exhibition held at the Aquarium ? A. Only that one. —
Q. I believe you have grown a good many of these plants ; how
many? A. I should have sold 1200 if it had not been for the
threat this last season. — Q. What would have been the value
of these 1200 la-t season if there had been no circular or threat ?
A. Eighteen shillings a dozen. The stock that is coming this
year cannot fetch half as much, but we should have had more
of them. — Q. How long have you been a Chrysanthemum
grower ? A. About eighteen or twenty years.

Cross-examined by Mr. Loehnis : Q. You are not what
would be called a Chrysanthemum grower in the way Mr.
Ware is ? A. No. — Q. You know that G. Wermig sported from
Madame Desgrange? A. Yes.— Q. Is it the habit of plants to
sport in different places in the same year? A. I could not
say.— Q. Don't you know that G. Wermig sported with Mr.
Lain.;, and Messrs. Heath? A. I don't know. — Q. This plant

sported at your place? A. It did — Q. Did you purchase

twelve cuttings from Mr. Heath? A. I bought some stools
from Mr. Heath's, in February, 1889. . . .— Q. Certificates are
awarded by the National Chrysanthemum Society for a new
variety? A. That is right. — Q. If two plants of the same variety
are exhibited by different exhibitors, a Certificate is given to
him who has produced the best plant ? Is that so ? A. I can't
answer that question. — Q. The Certificate is awarded for a'new
variety, the National Chrysanthemum Society having esta-
blished that to prevent the same plants being sold under
different names? A. I can't say.— Q. Do you know the differ-
ence between a prize and a Certificate as awarded by the Chry-
santhemum Society ? A. A Certificate is given for a new
variety, and a prize for best grown exhibits. — Q. Do you re-
member Mr. Ware being awarded a prize for the best grown
collection? A. Yes. — Is it not the custom of the trade,
when you send out catalogues, to always put at the end
that the variety holds a Certificate from the National Chry-
santhemum Society? A. Yes. — Q. Then Mr. Ware in draw-
ing up this circular was quite right, in accordance with
the custom of the trade, in stilting this plant, Mrs. Haw-
kins, had been awarded a First-class Certificate? A. I
don't believe he was. — Q, Do you know that Mr. Ware had a
First-class Certificate awarded him for Mrs. H. J. Jones? A. No
answer. — Q. Do you know that this plant sported with Mr.
Heath, Mr. Laing, and Mr. Billinghurst? A. No. — Q. Can
you tell whether it frequently happens that two plants sport
with two owners at the same time ? A. I might have heard of
it, but I can't tell you of any case.— (^. Was Mr. Ware acting
in accordance with custom in offering to purchase your stock ?
A. I don't believe so. — Q. Did you refuse to sell ? A. I did. —
Q. Did not Mr. Ware offer to purchase after the show in the
afternoon? A. I don't recollect. — Q. He wrote a letter to you,
and then came tc see you? A. He did. — Q. The price offered
was £10? A. Right.— Q. What did you ask? A. I did not
ask anything after he offered what he did. — Q, Did you tell
him that your plants had been mixed? A. No. — Q. Were they
mixed, or any portion of them ? A. I don't recollect that they
were. — Q. Who was your Chrysanthemum grower at that

time ? A. A man of the name of Dyer — Q. Did you not

discharge him for neglect of duty? A. Yes; he was not dis-
charged because the plants were mixed. — Q. Is it the custom
for two growers to send out a new variety at the same time ?
A. I am not aware of it.— Q. Did Mr. Ware ask you when
you intended to send out your plants? A. I do not recollect
that he did.* — Q. Did you write this letter. [Letter dated
September 24, 1888, produced and read.] A. Yes.

Mr. Loehnis : From this you inform this gentleman you
were going to send out your plants in the spring of next year,
1889? — Q. Did you inform him you had changed your mind?
A. I don't recollect it. — Q. The bloom varies in shade according
to the soil and the place where it is grown, and the amount of
air it gets? A. That is right.— Q. Do you say Mr. Ware's
plant is not the same as the plant awarded the First-class Cer-
tificate ? A. It is not the same plant. — Q. They are the same
parentage? A. Madame Desgranges is the mother of them. —
Q. Yours and Mr. Ware's come from G. Wermig? A. Ours
sported from G. Wermig. I can't say whether Mr. Ware's did.
— Q. Have you been to see Mr. Wright at the Temple Gardens,
he having obtained this plant from Mr. Ware ? A. Mr. Ware
sent it to him to grow.— Q. Mr. Wright then came up to your
nursery and said the plants were the same kind? A. I don't
know. — Q. How large was your stock when you exhibited? A.
About fifty or sixty. — Q. How many plants bad you in the
spring of 1889? A. Twelve hundred. — Q. You could have sold
them at 18s. ? A. If we advertised. — Q. Why didn't you ad-
vertise? A. Because of the threat of Mr. Ware. — Q. Have you
any plants from those you had of Mr. Heath? A. No; they
are not sufficiently forward. — Q. Are they different from
these? A. I can't say at present.

Mr. Ker : Have the plants from Mr. Heath been treated
exactly like these? A. No. [Plants produced and compared.]

Cross-examined by Mr. Loehnis : Q. Are these plants a
sample of the 1200 ? A. A fair sample of my stock. — Q. Why
is this plant and this plant not the same kind? A. I don't
dispute it. — Q. The plants are the same? A. It is not for me
to say. — Q. Do you say these plants are the same as ours?
A. They are not the same, taking them all round. This is
of a much sturdier growth, and ours is a brighter yellow. —
Q. Does the sturdiness of the plant vary according to its age ?
A. Yes.— Q. The only difference is in the colour? A. Yes,
some of mine are lighter.

Re-examined by Mr. Grain : Q. Is that [handing green cir-
cular] a true representation of Mrs. Hawkins? A. No.— Q. As
far as you are aware has any other person the right to use the
name Mrs. Hawkins? A. Noone. — Q. Did you ever give the de-
fendant authority to use the name Mrs. Hawkins ? A. No, — Q.
But for the issue of this circular you would have sent out this
Chrysanthemum in the spring of this year? A. Yes. — Q. Did
you receive orders for some of the specimens to send out after
the spring of this year? A. Yes. — Q. Do you say in conse-
quence of the issue of this circular that the sale of the cer-
tificated plant has been injured? A. Yes.

Mr. Joseph Bennett sworn, and examined by Mr. Grain- :
Q. You are the partner of the last witness and one of the
plaintiffs in this action? A. Yes. — Q. Is the evidence you have
heard given by your partner correct? A. Yes. — Q. You can
say that none of Mrs. Hawkins plants have been sent out?
A. Yes. — Q. Were you present at any of the interviews? A.
I was present when Mr. Ware came to buy the plant.— Q.
What took place? A. Mr. Ware said, " Now, you must not

think you have a white elephant," and so on

He offered £10. — Q. How many Chrysanthemums had you
got at the beginning of this yeir of this sort? A. We
had 1200 in stock. — Q. Why did you not send them
out? A. Because Mr. Ware issued this circular, and
threatened us, we determined we would not send them
out.— Q. Did you write that letter in which you stated

you were going to send them out in the spring? A.
Mr. Hawkins wrote it. — Q. Do you say that the plants
produced on behalf of Mr. Ware are not the same ? A. My
experience is that one is better grown than the other, and
some are darker than others. — Q. Do you know, as a Chrysan-
themum grower, whether the colour varies according to the
soil or the locality in which they are grown? A. I have not
had much experience in that way.

Mr. Richard Dean sworn, examined by Mr. Grain: Q.
You reside at Ranelagh Road, Ealing, and were one of the two
judges at the National Chrysanthemum Society's show last
year? A. Yes.

Cross-examined by Mr. Loehnis : Q. A Certificate is
awarded for a new variety? A. Yes. — Q. Were not the plants
of Mr. Hawkins and Mr. Ware exhibited together on Septem-
ber 12? A. Yes. — Q. To the best of your judgment, were they
not the same plant? A. lam not prepared to say they were
the same plant; there was a difference of opinion on the part
of the members of the Floral Committee. — Q. A prize is

awarded for a collection of good flowers? A. Yes — Q.

Does it frequently happen that two plants sport at different
places at the same time? A. Yes.

By Mr. Ker: Q. Were the flowers shown about the same
age ? A. No. Mr. Ware's did not seem to be so fully
developed as Mrs. Hawkins.

Re-examined by Mr. Grain : Q. You say this was a- new
sort, and the owner has a right to use the name, and the only
name? A. That has been the custom of the trade.

Mr. James Walker sworn, examined by Mr. Loehnis : Q.
You were present in September last year when Mr. Hawkins'
Chrysanthemum was on view and awarded a Certificate ? A. Ye3.
— Q. Did you see the plants there? A. Yes.— Q. You saw
Mr. Hawkins' and Mr. Ware's on September 13? A. I was
not at the National Chrysanthemum Show.— Q. Does the
Bhade of these plants vary according [to the circumstances
under] which they are grown, and the soil and other con-
ditions? A. The shade may vary a little.— Q. Will you look
at these plants and tell me whether they are the same? A. I
am perfectly satisfied that they are the same. — Q. Is it in
accordance with the customs of the trade for one grower to
purchase the stock of another in the case of a new plant? A.
Yes, this is done. — Q. If this is not done, do they arrange
to send out their plants at the same time? A. Not neces-
sarily. It is the custom of the trade to send out plants of
one variety in the same name.

Cross-examined by Mr. Grain : Q. Do you say it was in
accordance with the custom of the trade to issue a circular of
this description? A. Yes, worded like this.— Q. Was it usual
for Mr. Ware to have done what he did to try to purchase the
stock of Mr. Hawkins ? A. Yes.

Re-examined by Mr. LoEHNIS: Q. As Mr. Hawkins would
not sell to Mr. Ware, it was quite in accordance with the
custom of the trade for Mr. Ware to send out his plants? A.
Yes. — Q. There is nothing contrary to custom in what he has
done? A. No.

Gustav Wermig sworn, examined by Mr. Loehnis : Q.
You carry on business at Woking as a florist and nurseryman,
and grow Chrysanthemums to a considerable extent ? A. Yes.—
Q. You are the Mr. G. Wermig who gave that name to a sport
from Madame De3grange, that sported with you, as well as at
four or five other places? A. Yes.— Q. As it sported with
Beveral people, you were obliged to send it out yourself at
once? A. Yes.— Q. Did you sell any G. Wermig plants to Mr.
Hawkins? A. Yes, 100 plants.— Q. Does the shade of the
flower in your experience vary according to the place in which
the plant is grown, the soil, and the atmospheric conditions. A.
Yes; according to the light and air?— Q. Have you examined
these plants? Yes.— Q. Do you say they are the same variety,
or different? A. I do not see any difference. My opinion is
that they are the same.— Q. What is the custom of the trade
if a Certificate is awarded to one owner of a new plant when
others have a sport of the same kind ? Under what name
would the others sell? A. Under the name which would have
been certificated ; in fact, I should think it would be a swindle
to send it out under any other name.— Q. Have you seen this
circular? [Green circular handed to witness.] A. Yes.— Q. Is
the picture of Mrs. Hawkins in it a fair representation of that
plant? A. My experience is, that flowers are generally different
to what they are represented in cuts. — Q. The cut does not
damage the sale of the flower? A. The cuts do more than
justice to them.— Q. Does that do justice to Mrs. Hawkins?
A. I think so.

Cross-examined by Mr. Grain : Q. Do you say that practi-
cally a Certificate has no commercial value ? A. It has a certain
commercial value; it is an honour you can name the flower, and
it is an advertisement for you. — Q. Is there any value in the
name? A. Having got a Certificate, it is a recommendation.
— Q. Supposing you had obtained this Certificate for a [plant
named] Mrs. Hawkins, do you think thatMr. Ware had any right
without having purchased your stock to adopt the same name
for his plant ? A. I should think so if he had the same variety.
— Q. Do you say the words underlined in the circular, viz : " I
was awarded 1st prize at the exhibition of the National Chry-
santhemum Society, held at the Royal Aquarium, in September
last," do not refer to the heading of the notice "New Early
Flowering Chrysanthemum, Mrs. Hawkins ? " A. I should not
think it refers to Mrs. Hawkins. — Q. Will you look at this
circular [circular handed to witness], uuder the illustration of
the flower are the words " New Early Flowering Chrysanthe-
mum, Golden Fleece," and the same words " I was awarded
a 1st prize at the exhibition of the National Chrysanthemum
Society, held at the Royal Aquarium, in September last."
Does that refer to Golden Fleece ? A. No. — Q. Can you give
any reason why Mr. Ware changed the name of his plant from
Mrs. Hawkins to Golden Fleece ? A. No.

William Holmes sworn, and examined by Mr. Loehnis :
Q. You carry on business at Frampton Park Nurseries, Hackney,
have been a grower of Chrysanthemums for some twenty years,
and are the Honorary Secretary of the National Chrysanthe-
mum Society? A. Yes.— Q. You were the Hon. Secretary of
that Society in September last year, and were present when
Mr. Hawkins had a Certificate awarded him5 A. I was. —
Q. Mr, Ware exhibited some flowers at the same time?
A. Yes.— Q. Did you form any judgment atth.it time whether
they were identical? A. I believe they were the same. I
have examined them since, and think them the same variety.
— Q. With reference to Mr. Hawkins having been awarded a
Certificate, what could Mr. Ware do? A. He could only
adopt the name under which the plant wan certified. If lie had
taken any other course, he would have done contrary to
custom. — Q. This is a 1st prize, I think, for a collection of cut
flowers? A. Yes. — Q. Will you now look at this circular,
and give your opinion of the first and second paragraphs?
A. I look upon it that the first deals entirely with early

flowering Chrysanthemums, and the second with Mrs. Haw-
kins. I think the statement quite clear and correct.

By Mr. Ker ; Q. When two plants are exhibited by dis-
tinct exhibitors, the Certificate is given to the one staging the
best grown plant ? A. That is a regulation which was adopted
by the Society. — Q. Is that regulation five? A, Yes.

Cross-examined by Mr. Grain : Q. Is there any commercial
value, in that Certificate ? A. Certainly there is a value ■ it
distinguishes that variety as distinct from all others,— 6. i
presume it gives an extra commercial value to that variety'
A. I have no doubt it does.— Q. What do you say are the com-
mercial rights of a person who receives that Certificate for that
special thing ? A. To send out the plants in his possession of
that variety in his name, that Certificate does not give him
the right, but he has it independently.— Q. Does it strengthen
that right? A. I do not say so at all.— Q. Does it increase
the right ? A. It does not affect it.— Q. It is of no value ? A.
Yes; it enables him to send out the plants under a distinct
name from all others.— Q. That Certificate is a kind of copy-
right ? A. I do not say so ; Certificates are often given to florists
who exhibit plants, and [who have] not raised them.— Q. You say
Mr. Ware exhibited something at the same time ? A. I do.— Q
Will you say that wasidentical with what was exhibited by Mr',
Hawkins ? A. I say it was the same variety.— Q. You heard*
what Mr. Wermig said; can you give any reason why the
name was changed ? A. Except what I heard the last witness
say, I think Mr. Ware changed it in a weak moment.— Q, Is
there a rule that exhibitors ought to give a name to a plant3
A. I don't remember that there is.

By Mr. Paul : Q. What is a sport ? -A. A sport, I take it, is
where a plant or flower shows something that is distinct in
colour or formation from its parent. — Q. Supposing that a
sport occurred with two people at the same time, would one
have more right to it than another? A. No.

Mr. George Gordon sworn, and examined by Mr. Loehnis :
Q. You reside at 1, Stile Villas, Gunnersbury, and are assistant-'
editor of The Gardener [Gardeners' Magazine], alsoa memberof
the Catalogue Committee of the National Chrysanthemum So-
ciety, and know a good deal of the synonyms, &c, of Chrysan-
themums? A. Yes.— Q. Were you a member of the Floral
Committee who awarded the Certificate in question on Septem-
ber 12, 1888? A. Yes.— Q. Didyouseetheseplantsexhibited? A.
Yes ; they were both put on the table at the same time.— Q. Did
you form any opinion at that time as to whether they were the
same variety ? A. Yes, my opinion was that they were iden-
tical.— Q. When a Certificate has been granted, aud another
gentleman holds plants of the same variety, and he wishes to
sell them, under what name ought he to do so ? A. Under the
same name as the one certificated.— Q. Is it ordinary when
two hold the same variety for one to get the whole into his
own hands? A. Yes.— Q. Are arrangements sometimes made
between them to send out their stock at the same time? A.
Yes. — Q. In your opinion there is no necessity ? A. No.

Cross-examined by Mr. Grain : Q. You recognise some
value in a Certificate of this description? A. There is a value ,
to it.— Q. You would expect a person receiving that Certificate
either to make his price in selling or in a general advertise-
ment? A. He would be free to do as he wished.— Q. He would
be entitled to keep it for himself and make his own price?
A. He would be entitled to keep it.— Q. Would a person have
a right to say, " I don't sell ; I have named this Mrs. Hawkins,
and have received a Certificate of Merit from the Floral Com-
mittee, and, therefore, I shall send it out myself? A. He
would have the right to exercise his discretion.— Q. Would
any other person have a right to send out plants in the name
of Mrs. Hawkins? A. Yes, if they were identical.

Re-examined by Mr. Loehnis : Q. If Mr. Ware asks Mr.
Hawkins when he is going to send out his plants, and he
refuses to inform him, Mr. Ware is entitled to send out his
plants at that time ? A. Yes.

Mr. Xokman Davis sworn, and examined by Mr. Loehnis:
Q. You carry on business at Camberwell with your partner,
Mr. Jones, as florists and nurserymen? A. Yes.— Q. You
have for the last ten years made the growing of Chrysanthe-
mums your special study? A. Practically all my life.— Q,
You have made the namesof Chrysanthemums a special study?
A, I have. — Q. A Certificate having been awarded to Mr.
Hawkins, and Mr. Ware having a plant of the same variety,
what is Mr. Ware's course to adopt to get that plant into the
market? A. The custom in the trade has been to sell plants
of the same variety under the same name. — Q. Is there
nothing in the custom of the trade, as far as you are aware,
to prevent a person who has plants of the same variety from
selling them when and how he pleases ? A. Certainly not.

Cross-examined by Mr. Grain : Q. Is there any value in
that picture? [Certificate produced to witness.] A. Cer-
tainly.— Q. Does it increase the commercial value of the
plant? A. Certainly.— Q. Would that Certificate increase the
value of the plant? A. Yes.— Q. Do you say that Mr. Ware
had a right to sell his plant under the name of Mrs. Hawkins?
A. Certainly. — Q. Can you give me any reason why he altered
the name of his plant? A. I should think it was weakness on
his part.

Re-examined by Mr. Loehnis : Q. The Certificate is of
value, inasmuch that it stamps the plant as a new variety?
A. That is it.

Mr. Wright, sworn and examined by Mr. Loehnis: Q.
You are a gardener at the Temple Gardens, and have had con-
siderable experience as a Chrysanthemum grower ? A. Yes.—
Q. Were you on the Floral Committee of the National Chry-
santhemum Society's Show in September last year and saw
these plants exhibited ? A. Yes.— Q. Did you form an opinion
that both plants resembled each other? A. Yes. I had an
impression that they were the same.— Q. If a plant gets certi-
ficated as Mr[s]. Hawkins did in this case, and Mr. Ware has
plants of the same variety, under what name ought he to sell
them? A. Under the name of the certificated plant.— Q.
Does the possession of that certificate give Mr. Hawkins any
right to prevent Mr. Ware selling his plants when and where

he pleases? A. Certainly not

Mr. William Heath sworn, and examined by Mr. Loehnis \
Q. You and your father and brother are nurserymen at Old
Southgate? A. Yes.— Q. One of vour G. Wermig Chrysan-
themums sported with you in 1S8S? A. Yes.— Q. Did Mr.
Gifford see that, and subsequently was there an exchange
effected in which you gave him three stools of the plant that
sported from G. Wermig? A. Yes.— Q. Did you at that time
make a stipulation or restriction as to sending them out?
A. I can't recollect. — Q. Did you subsequently sell him, in
1889, 600 hew cuttings propagated from the same sport?
A. Yes.— Q. You subsequently sold Mr. Hawkins twelve
cuttings? A. Stools from the same sport. — A. Have you sold
any cuttings from t ese except to Mr. Hawkins and Mr.
Ware? A. No. — Q. Did you have a conversation with Mr,
Hawkins as to the identity of these two plants? A. Yes, in ,

September 21, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

339

the autumn after the show ; Mr. Hawkins had one bloom m
the market, and he showed it to me, and I told him I had one
likeit. I brought one up. He said he should like some plants.
■Nothing further happened till I had a letter from l"m.-Q. Was
it the same as Mr. Hawkins' plant? A. I can t say I thought
it was.-Q. Didn't you restrict Mr. Ware from selling till the
autumn of 18S8? A. Yes.

Cross examined by Mr. Grain : Q. \ou thought you had a
perfect right to tie Mr. Ware ? A. Yes, for one season. I
don't know about perfect right. That was what we tried

^examined by Mr. Loehnis : Q. You sold some of your
ulints to Mr Ware, andsaid, "If we sell, you are not to deal
n ith them in the market till we permit you ? A. Yes.

Mr John Laixg sworn, and examined by Mr. Loehnis : Q.
YOU also had some G. Wermig plants which sported two years
a-nP A. Yes, in 1887.— Q- I* it your opinion that Mr. Wares
pfaiits and Mr. Hawkins' are identical ? A les.

Mr. Ker : Q- Should you consider it right to send it out as
Mrs. Hawkins? Yes. .

Mr He.vrv Billisghurst sworn, and examined by Mr.
LOEHNIS : Q. You are a florist carrying on business at Tel-
hurst? A. lam.— Q. You had some G. Wermig Chrysanthe-
mums which sported with you in 1887? A. Yes.— Q. Have
you grown plants from this sport?— A. Yes.

Mr Ker : Would you send them out as Mrs. Hawkins? A.
HI had stock, I should not think I was doing wrong.

Mr. John Maudlin sworn, and examined by Mr. Loehnis :
Q You carry on business at The Gardens, Finsbury Park, and
havehad some thirty years' experience asanurserymanand Chry-
santhemum grower ? A. Yes.— Q. You were a member of the
Floral Committee which awarded the Certificate for Mrs.
Hawkins? A. Yes.— Q. Did you see the flowers together ? A.
Yes.— Q. Did you form a judgment that they were the same
variety ? A. Mr. Hawkins' plant was grown better than Mr.
Ware's. With that exception they were the same. — Q. Is
there anything to prevent Mr. Ware selling his plant under
the name of Mrs. Hawkins, or how and where he pleases ? A.
I should think not.

Mr. Frederick Gifford sworn, and examined by Mr.
Loehnis : Q. You reside at Tottenham, and have been in the
employment of the defendant for some ten years as his fore-
man in the florist flowering department, of which Chrysanthe-
mums are one of the principal sections? A. Yes,— Q. Did you
in Jauuarv, 1SS8, obtain three stools for Mr. Heath ? A. Yes,
in January or February.— Q. Was there an arrangement come
to at that time between you and Mr. Heath that you were
not to send out any plants you propagated till you had his
permission? A. Yes, that permission was removed after
October last year.— Q. From these stools you propagated some
plants during 1838? A. Yes.— Q. About how many? A.
Forty or fifty.— Q- You exhibited at the National Chrysanthe-
mum Show in September, 1888 ? A. Y'es. Three of these
plants.— Q. What was their condition? A. They were not
fully expanded.— Q. Did you exhibit at the same time as Mr,
Hawkins ? A. Yes.— Q. In your judgment, were the plants
identical? A. Yes. I examined them, and came to the con-
clusion they were the same

By Mr. Ker : Q. Did you know of any other sport of the
sime nature before you saw it at the Aquarium Show? A.
No.

Mr. Francis Fell sworn, and examined by Mr. Loehnis :
Q. You are the principal manager of Mr. Ware's business, and
are the gentleman who prepared these circulars? A. Y'es.

Cross-examined by Mr. Grain : Q. Were you present at the
National Chrysanthemum Show in September, 1888? A. No.
Mr. Ware was, and the last witness. — Q. I suppose they re-
ported tp you what they had seen there ; that Mr. Hawkins
had obtained a Certificate? A. Exactly.— Q. Did you give any
advice to Mr. Ware as to buying Mr. Hawkins' stock ? A. We
talked it over. — Q, Why ? A. We were not aware of any other
sport at the time, and if we got Mr. Hawkins' stock we could
control the sale of the entire variety. — Q. You know Mr. Ware
did go to Mr. Hawkins? A. I did not go with him. He told
me they had not succeeded in finally arranging, and that
Hawkins & Bennett would write their decision by letter. — Q.
That circular would be prepared in January ? [Circular pro-
duced]. A. Yes. — Q. I suppose you had this 1st prize when
drawing up the circular? A. I knew we had received it. — Q.
Why did you insert Mrs. Hawkins underneath ? A. To show the
public that the illustration above represented Mrs Hawkins. —
Q. Did it not allude to the plant itself? A. I did not intend
.such a construction to be put upon it by the public. — Q. Early
flowering Chrysanthemums [quoting from first paragraph of
circular]. Is this an early flowering one?. A. It is. — Q. I was
awarded 1st prize at the exhibition of the National Chrysan-
themum Society held at the Royal Aquarium, in September
last. You say you allude to this? [Certificate produced to
witness]. A. I did, and to that only. — Q. What have cut
flowers to do with early flowering Chrysanthemums and new
sorts? A. To attract the public. — Q. How many had you
in stock when you could not purchase Mr. Hawkins',
stock? A. I should say about fifty. — Q. Have you ever
done such a thing before as selling in this way? A. Yes;
in the case of a Chrysanthemum called Mrs. H. J. Jones.
— Q. Was that the only one? A. Y'es.— Q. Did you make
an arrangement with anyone? A. We had bought the
"stock of Mrs. H. J. Jones from another firm. It did not sport
with us. — Q. Did you draw up this yellow circular? A. Yes.
— Q. Why did you alter the name to Golden Fleece ? A. After
these proceedings commenced I did so, and purely out of
deference to the expressed wish of Mr. Ware.— Q. In the first
circular you say, "It was awarded a First-class Certificate at
the exhibition of the National Chrysanthemum Society held
it the Royal Aquarium in September last." These words you
;iu»ed to'b-'pub'ished? A. Yea.— Q. Do you siy it did not refer
to Mr. Hawkins' plant ? A. Not at all.

Re-examined by Mr. Loehnis : Q. Have you sold plants
that other people have had Certificates awarded them? A.
fes — Q. Were you awarded a First-class Certificate for Agne5
"Flight, page 9 of Catalogue? A. No. — Q. Edwin Molyneux?
Slave these Certificates been awarded to you? A. No.— Q.
Lawrence? A. No. — Q. Is it the ordinary thing to ad-
ertise and sell them in the names in which Certificates have
leen awarded? A. Yes. — Q. Can you toll the gross amount

ni have received for the sale ol your plant? A. £_'6 Os. \)J.

Mr. Thomas S. Ware sworn, and examined by Mr.
jOEKNIS: Q. You are the defendant in this action, and carry
i business at Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham, and have
been a Chrysanthemum grower for twenty years? A. Yes. —
{. You have a very large trade, and have obtained ninny
Certificates and prizes for exhibits? A. Yes. — Q. These circu-
lars were prepared by your instructions? A. Yes. — Q. You
btained a First-class prize for a collection of plauts? A.
!res.— Q. Were you present at the show on th? 12th of Sep-

tember, when this Certificate was awarded to Mr. Hawkins?
A. Yes. — Q. Did you, after the show, have a conversation
with Mr. Hawkins? A. Yes.— Q. Did you at that time know
of any other sports being in the market of that variety ? A.
No.— Q. What conversation took place between you and Mr.
Hawkins at the show? A. I approached Mr. Hawkins in the
usual way, and desired to have the first offer if he desired to
sell ; lie did not agree to come to any arrangement that day.
— Q. Then a letter passed between you, aud you went to see
him? A. Yes. I met him in the usual' way, and chatted it
out. I ultimately offered him £lo for his stock of Chrysan-
themums.—Q. If you had got his stock it would have con-
trolled the market? A. Yes. Mr. Hawkins declined my
offer. I certainly told him that if I failed to complete the
arrangement with him I would send mine out. — Q. Did you
then ask him when he would send his out? A. I am not sure;
then he wrote and told me he was going to send out in the
spring of the year. — Q. If a plant has got a Certificate under a
certain name, what is the proper course for others to adopt
who have the same plant? A. The plant is to be sold under
the name of the one certificated.— Q. Has a person any right to
prevent the other? A. Certainly not.— Q. You have made an
alteration in your catalogue in changing the name of your
plant to Golden Fleece ? A. It was about the time Mr. Fell
went down to see Mr. Hawkins. I cannot tell you my motive.
It was just at the moment I said so, to please Mr. Hawkins. —
Q. And if altered you could uot state this flower had a First-
class Certificate awarded to it? A. Certainly; the first was
nothing to do with that.

Cross-examined by Mr. Grain : Q. Why did you go and ne-
gotiate with Mr. Hawkins? A. I desired to buy the plant. —
Q. When he did not agree to your price you said, " I shall
advertise my variety?" A. Yes.— Q. Using the name of Mrs.
Hawkins? A. Yes.— Q. You knew Mrs. Hawkins would give
it some extra value? A. Yes.— Q. Do you mean to say that
the Certificate given to him in September last at the show was
just as good as given to you? A. Just the same thing.

By Mr. Ker : Q. Did you form the opinion at the exhibition
that the plants were of the same variety? A. It has been my
opinion on all occasions.

The following is an extract from the Award of
the Arbitrators: — "We do award and certify that
the plaintiffs' and defendant's Chrysanthemums, the
subject of this action, are identical ; that the
plaintiffs are not entitled to any damages for the
user of the name, title, or description, 'Mrs. Haw-
kins,' as applied to a Chrysanthemum plant for
which the plaintiffs were awarded two First-class
Certificates of Merit in September, 1888; and we
award that the plaintiffs pay the whole costs of the
action up to the date of the Order of Reference,
dated the 22nd day of August, 1S89 ; and we further
award that the whole of the costs of the arbitration
and award be borne in equal moieties by the said
plaintiffs and defendant respectively."

MARKETS.

COVENT GARDEN, September 19.

t We cannot accept any editorial responsibility for the subjoined
reports, which, however, are furnished to us regularly
every Thursday, by the kindness of several of the principal
salesmen, who revise the list, and who are responsible for the
quotations. It must be remembered that these quotations
represent averages for the week preceding the date of our
report. The prices depend upon the quality of the samples,
the Bupply in the market, and they fluctuate, not only
from day to day, but often several times in one day, and
therefore the prices quoted as averages for the past week
must not betaken as indicating the particular prices at
any particular date, and still less can they be taken as
guides to the prices in the coming week. Ed.]

Trade very quiet ; no alteration.
Wholesale Apple Market.

James Webber,

Plants in Pots.— Average Wholesale Prices.

d. s.d. | s.d. s.d.

0-18 0 Foliage plants, vari-

Aralia Sieboldi, doe. 6
Asters, per dozen ... 3
Begonias, dozeu ... 4
Cyperus, per dozen . 4
Dracasna tenninalis,

per dozen 30

— viridis, per doz.12
Enonymua, in var.,

per dozen ... ...

Evergreens, in var.,

per dozen a

Ferns, in var., doz. 4
Ficus elaatica, each . 1

0-6 0
0-12 0
0-12 0

0-80 0
0-24 0

6 0-18 0

0-24 0
0-18 0
8- 7 0

ous. each 2 0-10 0

Fuchsias, dozen ... 3 0- 6 0
Hydrangea, per doz. 9 0-18 0
Lilium lancifolium,

per dozen 12 0-24 0

Marguerites, doz. ... 6 0-12 0
Mignonette, doz. ... 3 0- 6 0
Palms in var., each 2 6-21 0
Pelargoniums, scar-
let, per dozen ... 2 0- 4 0
Solanums, per dozen 6 0-12 0

Cut Flowers.— Average Wholesale Prices.

Abutilons, 12 bun. ... 2
Asters, English, bun. 2
Bjuvardias, per bun. 0
Oarnationa, 12 bun. 4

— 12 blooms ... 1
Chrysanth., 12 bun. 2
Chrysanth., 12blms. 0
Cornflowers, 12 bun. 1
Dahlias, 12 bun. ... 2
Eucharis, per dozen 2
Gaillardias, 12 ban. 2
Gardenias, 12 blooms 2
Gladioli, 12 bun. ... 6

— 12 sprays ... 1
Heliotropes, 12 spr. 0
Lilium, various, 12

blooms 1

Marguerites, 12 bun. 3

Orchid bloom i

d.s. d. j s. d. s. d.

0-4 0 Maiden Hair Fern,

0-4 0 12 bun 4 0-90

6-0 9 Mignonette. 12 ban. 10-40

0-9 0 Pansies, 12 bun. ... 1 0- 2 0

0-2 0 Pelargoniums, 12 spr. 0 6-10

0-4 0 — scarlet, 12 spr.... 0 3-06

6-3 0 Primulas, double. 12

0-3 0 sprays 0 9-10

0-4 0 Roses, Tea, per doz. 0 6-18

0-4 0 — coloured, dozeu. 2 0-40

0-4 0 — red, perdozen ... 0 4-10

O-4 0 — Safrano, dozen... 0 6-10

0-12 0 Stephanotis, 12 spr. 2 0-40

0-16 Sunflowers, various,

3-06 per 12 bun. ... 30-60
SweetSultan,12bun. 3 0-40

0- 5 0 Sweet Peas. 12 bun 2 J- 4 0

0- 6 0 Tubt-roses, 12 bims.... 0 4-10

Fruit.— Average Wholesale Prices.

s. d. s. d. *. d. s. d.

Apples, j-sieve ... 1 6-5 6 Peaches, per doz. ... 2 0-80
Filberts, per lb. ... 0 10- ... Pine-apples, Eng., lb. 1 6- 3 0
Grapes, per lb. ... 0 6- 2 6 — St. Michael, each 2 0-60
Lemons, per case ...12 0-21 0 Plums, ^-sieve ... 2 6-50

Vegetables.— Average Retail Prices.

t. d. s. d.
Beans, Fr., per lb. ... 0 4- ...
Beet, red, per dozen 10-20
Carrots, per bunch... 0 6- ,
,03-,

16-20

0 6-09

2 0-,

0 4- ,

0 3-,

1 6-
Potatos are arriving in much better condition. Trade

nominally about the same as previously reported. /. J
Thomas.

Cauliflowers, each .
Celery, per bundle ..,
Cucumbers, each ...
Endive, per dozen ..,
GreenMint, bunch,,,
Herbs, per bunch ...
Leeks, per bunch ...
Lettuce, perdozen...

s. d. s.

Mushrooms, punnet 2 0-..
Mustard and Cress,

punnet 0 4- ..

Onions, per bunch ... 0 5- .,
Parsley, per bunch... 0 4- „
Peas, per quart ... 1 3- ..
Shallots, per lb. ... 0 6- .,
Spinach, per bushel... 2 6- ..
Tomatos, per lb. ... 0 9- ..
Turnips, per bunch,

new 0 5- ..

SEEDS.

London : Sept. 18. — Messrs. John Shaw & Sons,
seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane, London, report
to-day's market thinly attended with but a small
amount of business passing. For Trifolium the
sowing demand is falling off. Winter Tares of choice
quality can now be bought at very low rates. Sow-
ing Eye is also most abundant and cheap. There is
nothing doing in Clover seeds : very moderate quo-
tations all round are expected. Bird seeds are with-
out alteration. Mustard and Rape seed keep steady.
For Blue Peas the trade is dull.

CORN.

Averages. — Official statement showing the average
price of British corn, imperial measure, in the
week ended September 14 : — Wheat, 30s. 2d. ; Barley,
28s. lOd. ; Oats, 17s. lid. For the corresponding
week in 1888 :— Wheat, 38s. Id. ; Barley, 29s. 9d.
Oats, 18s. 9d.

n variety, fairly good supply.

FRUITS AND VEGETABLES,

Spitalfields : Sept. 18. — English Apples, 2s. 5d. to
6s. per bushel ; Fears, 3s. to 4s. per half-sieve ; Plums :
Victorias, 2s. §d. to 3s. do. ; Orleans, 3s. Gd. to 4s.
do. ; Damsons, 2s. Od. to 3s. 3d. do. ; English To-
matos, 3s. to 6s. per 12 lb. ; foreign do., $d. to
Is. 9d. per box ; Cabbages, Is. to 2s. 6d. per
tally ; Cauliflowers, 3s. to 6s. do. ; Radishes,
2s. to 2s. 6<Z. do. ; Spinach, Is. to Is. Gd. per
bushel ; Brussels Sprouts, 2s. to 2s. 3d. per half-
sieve ; Scarlet Beans, Is. to Is. Gd. per bushel ;
Vegetable Marrows, Is. Gd. to 2s. Gd. per tally ;
Seakale, Is. to Is. 3d. per punnet ; Greens, 9<j\
to Is. 6d. per dozen bunches ; Turnips, Is. Gd. to 2s.
do. ; Carrots, Is. Gd. to 2s. do. ; do., 25s. to 32s. Gd.
per ton ; Onions, 2s. to 3s. per dozen bunches ;
Parsley, Is. to Is. Gd. do. ; Mint, Is. to Is. Gd. do. ;
Horse Radish, Is. 2d. to Is. 3d. per bundle; Celery,
id. to Is. do. ; Endive, Is. to Is. 6i^. per dozen ;
Cos Lettuce, 8d. to Is. per score ; Mustard and Cress,
Is. to Is. 6ci\ per dozen baskets ; Leeks, Is. Gd. to
2s. per dozen ; English Onions, 4s. to 4s. Gd. per
cwt. ; Belgian Onions, 3s. 3d. to 3s. Gd. per bag ;
Spanish Onions, 5s. Gd. to 6s. per case ; frame
Cucumbers, Is. to 2s. per dozen ; natural do., id. to
Gd. do. ; Beetroots, id. to Gd. per dozen.

Stratford : Sept. 17. — The market has been well
supplied with all kinds of produce during the past
week, and with a good attendance of buyers a brisk
trade was done, as under :— Cauliflowers, 2s. to 5s.
per tally; Carrots, household, 30s. to 45s. per ton ;
do., cattle feeding, 25s. to 30s., do. ; Mangels, 18s.
to 22s. , do.; Swedes, 18s. to 22s. do. ; Onions, Dutch,
3s. 9d. to 4s. per bag ; do., 6s. Gd. per case ; Apples,
3s. Gd. to 6s. per bushel ; Pears, 5s. to 7s. do. ;
Damsons, 3s. Gd. to 4s. per half-sieve ; Plums, 4s.
to 5s. do. ; Tomatos, 3s. per doz. lb. ; Cucumbers,
frame, 2s.'to 3s. per dozen ; Horseradish, Is. to Is. 3d.
per bundle ; Cocoa-nuts, Is. Gd. per dozen ; Black-
berries, 2s. oer basket; Beetroots, 9<?. per dozen;
Walnuts, 3s. to 4s. Gd. per prickle ; do., 8s. to 9s. 6d.
per bag.

FOTATOS.

Borough and &fiialfields : Sep'. 17.— Lai,."
supplies by water and rail. Demand not very fast,
and prices easier. Early Rose, 50.-'. to 65s. ; Re-
gents, 60s. to 80s. ; Hebrons, 60s. to 80s. ; Magnum
Bonums, 60s. to 80s. per ton.

Spitalfields: Sept. 18.— Quotations: — Magnums,
40s. to 60s. ; Regents. 50s. to 65s. ; Imperators, 40s.
to 60s. ; Hebrons, 53a. to 70s. ; Early Rose, 60s. to
60s. per ton .

340

THE GARDENERS1 CHRONICLE.

[September 21, 1889.

Stratford: Sept. 17. — Quotations: — Dark lands,
45s. to bin. ; light land do., 55s. to 70s. ; Hebrons,
60s. to 80s. ; Regents, 60s. to 70s. per ton.

HAT.

Averaget. — The following are the averages of the
prices at the various metropolitan markets during
the past week : — Prime 1887 Clover, 120s. to
13os. ; new, 40s. to 75s. ; best old hay, 80s. to
100s. ; inferior, 30s. to 50s. ; straw, 20s. to 40s. per
load.

Notices to Correspondents.

Chrysanthemum and Ammonia: Constant Reader.
Carbonate of ammonia (smelling salts of the
chemists), may be used at the rate of 1 oz. to the
gallon of water. It may be used as a wash
to clear plants of insects, or given at half
the above strength, to the soil occasionally ;
if used frequently too much leaf-growth will
result. Sulphate of ammonia is cheaper than
the above, and is good (or inert soil, or one in
which there is too much vegetable matter, or is
too rich in phosphates. A teaspoonful dissolved
in 1 gallon of water, and applied once a week, will
make the colours of the flowers brighter and
richer. The foliage will be rendered greener by
its use. Do not use the manure as a top-dressing.

CobvEA flowers : T. and P. The flowers of the
Cobasa scandens are perfect in every way, and they
have probably refused to expand owing to too low
a temperature.

Coloured Maize : H. J. C. The colouring of the
Maize has nothing to do with its juxtaposition to
the Perilla.

Fungus on Pear: /. O. W. This is Oidium fructi-
genum, fully described and illustrated in Gardeners'
Chronicle for July 11, 1885, p. 52. The example
sent shows the fungus growth well developed.

Gun Licence : A. B. C. None is required if the
gun is used to kill vermin in the garden, the
garden being a private place.

Names of Fruits: J. H. B. Plums: 1, Prince
Engelbert ; 2, rotten ; 3, Pond's Seedling ; 4. Jeffer-
son ; 5, Monsieur Hatif ; 6, Coe's Golden Drop. —
A.N. Jones. Pear: Knight's Monarch. Apples:

1, Flower of Kent; 3, Lane's Prince Albert; 4,
Reinette du Canada. — H. Woodgate. Peach: much
bruised , may probably be Grosse Mignonne. — A
Young Head Gardener. Cox's Emperor.— W. Hop-
wood. Pear: Bishop's Thumb.— Chas. Hewett.
Pear: 3, Winter Nelis ; Apples: 2, Dumelow's
Seedling; 5, French Crab; others wretchedly
small, and out of character. — G. Rowhotham.
Apple : greatly resembles the Keswick Codlin ;
most probably a local seedling. — C. P. cf Co. 1,
Golden Noble ; 2, Small's Admirable ; 3, Cellini ;
4, not recognised ; 5, Wormsley Pippin.

Names of Plants : X. 1, Lolium temulentum ; 2,
Holcus mollis; 3, Cynosurus cristatus ; 4, Poa
pratensis ; 5, not recognised ; 6, Festuca ovina ;
7. F. rubra. — Charles Palmer. Berberis Darwini. —
Bunting $■ Sons. 1, L. speciosum var. Melpomene ;

2, L. 8. var. rubrum ; 3 and 4, L. s. var. album. L.
speciosum is a very variable species, and a bulb
which produces deep red flowers this year, may
produce flowers almost white next year. H. G.
1, Cyrtomium Fortunei ; 2, Cornus mas variegata
elegantisBima; 3, Polygonum cuspidatum. — Catnjee.
1, Dendrobium nobile (good form) ; 2, Oncidium
Schlimii ; 3, Catasetum macrocarpum ; 4, Trades-
cantia discolor. — No letter, sent in a wooden box.
1, Adiantum amabile ; 2, A. concinnum-latum ;

3, A. cuneatum var. ; 4, A. sethiopicum; 5, A.
capillus veneris ; 6, A. hispedulum ; 7, A. for-
mosum ; 8, Todea pellucida ; 9, Onychium japoni-
cum ; 10, Cyrtomium falcatum.— C. B. 1, Adian-

tum tenerum ; 2, Selaginella Willdenovi; 3,
Senecio pulcher ; 4, Dipladenia urophylla ; 5,
Agathaea coelestis. — W. T. 1, like Acer negundo,
but looks slightly different, if it is not that, send
another specimen ; 2, Ailanthus glandulosa. — W.
N. 1, Cakile maritima; 2, Euphorbia paralias,
good plant for fixing loose sand. — Mungo Chap-
man. 4, Nephrodium spinulosum ; 5, Asplenium
filix-fremina var. laciniata; 6, Osmunda Clayton-
iana. — /. J. Walton. Apera spica-venti. — Barr cf
Son. Panicura capillare. — H. M. E. 1, Atriplex
rosea ; 2, Juncus articulatus ; 3, Ranunculus Flam-
mula. — A. B. Abelia 'rupestris. — J.H.K. Sweet
Sultan, two vars. The Carnation is worth pre-
serving.

Pelargoniums at Shows : J. O. The schedule is at
fault, for by its not stating how many trusses of
a variety should be shown, the matter was
capable of being interpreted variously.

Knee Holm : Inquirer. A name for the Butcher's
Broom, Ruscus aculeatus.

Strawberry : W. M. The heart of the plant is
eaten away, probably by the grub of a weevil, or
some other insect. It had escaped when the plant
reached us. Shift the plants away from the place,
and look out sharply for weevils by night.

Tomatos : A. G. We should say that the hollowness
of the fruits is characteristic of your strain of the
variety. You say that other varieties growing
with it do not show it.

CATALOGUES RECEIVED.

Barr & Son, King Street, Covent Garden, London,
W.C.— Daffodils and other Bulbs, &c.

Arthur Robinson, 8, Leadenhall Street, London —
Dutch Bulbs.

W. Drummond & Sons, 58, Dawson Street, Dublin —
Dutch Flower Roots.

Hooper & Co., Co«*ent Garden, London — Bulbs.

T. Smith, Daisy Hill Nursery, Newry — New and
Scarce Hardy Plants (Supplement).

Richard Barker & Co., Frampton, Boston, Lin-
colnshire— Narcissi and other Bulbs.

Daniels Bros , Norwich — Dutch Flower Roots.

Damman & Co., San Giovanni a Teduccio, near
Naples, Italy — Seeds (Wholesale).

Wm. Rumsey, Joyning's Nurseries, Waltham Cross,
N. — Roses, Trees, &c.

Mill & Tweedie. Truro — Roses, &c.

J. R. Beckwith, 34, Guildford Street, Leeds— Dutch
Bulhs.

Stuart & Mein, Kelso, N.B.— Dutch Bulbs, &c.

Communications Received. — W. C.— W W.—W. H. —
N. E. B.— Journal of Horticulture. -S. H.— F. R.— H. M.—
P. S.— R. A. R.— H. Evershed.— J. D.— Mawson Bros.- J. P.
& Sons.— W. Gilbert— W. H. D.— J. R , Paris— C. S.—
H. J. G.. Utrecht.— Mr. Heath.— R. B. & Co.- C. S. S.— F. C.
— G. B.— B. J.— W. T., Rugby.— B. R.— G. T. M— G. D.—
G. W.— M. D.— Tokvs.— W. E. D.— H. C, Geneva.— L. P.,
Chatenay.— E. P., Paris.— R. W. A., Natal.— X. Y. Z. —and
sender of fruit from Tolleabury, no letter (next week).

QT* Correspondents sending plants or fruits to be named, or
asking questions demanding time and research for their solution,
must not expect in all ca<es to ootain an answer to their en-
quiries in the current week.

DIED.— On Saturday last, at Chad Valley, Edg-
baston, Birmingham, Elizabeth, wife of R. H.
Vertegans, aged 61. Mrs. Vertcgans has been
ailing for some time past, but her death was quite
unexpected. To many of her friends (and not a
few are among the readers of the Gardeners' Chronicle)
this announcement will come as a shock ; her loss
will be deplored by all who knew her.

DASYLIRION QLAUCUM. — The Dasylirons are
grown chiefly for their foliage, which is grass-like and
elegant. Large plants, with good heads, are especi-
ally useful for conservatories, or for placing outside
on terraces, &c, in summer. They do not often
flower, and when they do their flowers are incon-
spicuous and without beauty. Within the last ten
years, three plants of this species have flowered at
kew, one of them male and two female. One of the
latter has a stem is 4 feet high, with a fine head of
leaves 4 feet through, and a flower-spike 10 feet long,
the upper half clothed with numerous erect branchlets
of purplish-brown flowers. Unlike the majority of
Agaves, Fourcrozas, Doryanthes, &c. The Dasyli-
rions do not die immediately after flowering. The
genus includes some highly ornamental plants which
are specialy adapted for large greenhouses. The best
of them are D. longifolium, D. acrotrichum, D. gra-
minifolium, and that above described.

CHANDLER S patent

INDESTRUCTIBLE
COPPER LABEL,

For Rose?, Trees, Plants, &c. This new Label is made of
prepared copper, extremely thin and pliable. The name of
the plant is to be written (indented) with an ordinary black,
lead pencil, pressing somewhat heavily, and holding the label
on the flat surface of a pocket-book. The inscription thus
made is imperishable. A little white-lead rubbed on the faceof
the Label before writing, will make the name more conspicuous.

Prices, No. 1, as above, for Roses, Trees, Shrubs, and Fruits
5f. per gross, 6d. per doz. ; No. 2, a* above, 6s. per gross, 7rf.per
doz. ; No. 3, Pointed for Pots, Borders, and Beds, ijs. per grow,
Id. per doz. — Supplied bv ;'ll Nursery and Seedsmen, or can bs
ha1 direct from Messrs. CURTIS, SANFORD, and CO.. Devon
Rosery, Torquay. Price of Postagu, 3d. per grow extra.

HILL

BLACK

& SMITH'S

VARNISH

for Preserving Ironwork, Wood, or Stone.

(Registered Trade Mark.)

An excellent substitute for oil paint, at one-third the cost.

Price Is. 6d. per gallon at the manufactory, or carriage-paid
to any railway station, Is. 8d. per gallon in casks of 36, 20, or
10 gallons.
sv * tt mr a it Every Cask bears the above

C A. U 1 1 (J J\ . Registered Trade Mark. Beware

of cheap imitations.

HIL L, <&T SMITH,

Brierley Ironworks, Dudley ;

118, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C. ;

47. Dawson Street, Dublin.

21-OZ. and 15-OZ. Foreign, of above sizes, in boxes of 100 feet

and 200 feet super.
English Glass, cut to buyers' size*, at lowest prices, delivered

free and sound in the country, in quantity.

" HORTICULTURAL PUTTY." Own Special Manufacture.

GEORGE FARMILOE & SONS,

Lead, Glass, Oil. and Colour Merchants,

34, St. John Street, West Smithneld, London, B.C.

Stock Lists and Prices on application. Please quote Chronicle.,

BE D S T E A D S. — For the use of.
Domestic Servants, Children, and Institutions, we'
sold during 1888, of our D design BEDSTEADS and WOODS*
PATENT WOVEN STEEL WIRE MATTRESSES combined,
3200. Carriage paid to any Railway Station. Liberal Dis-
count. Send for a *' Book of French and Persian Designs," to
THE LONGFORD WIRE CO. (Limited). Warrington.

CARSON'S PAINT

Patronised by 16,000 of the Nobility, Gentry,
and Clergy, for all kinds of

OUTDOOR WORK, CONSERVATORIES

Greenhouses, Frames, &c.
1 Cwt, and Oil Mixture, Free to all Stations.

Liquid Non-Poisonous Paints for Inside of Conservatories, &c
Prices, Patterns, and Testimonials, Post-free.

LA BELLE SAUVAGE YARD, LUDGATE HJLL. EC

BACHELOR'S WALK, DUBLIN.— Discount for Caik,

September 21. 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

341

RUSSIA MA.TS.-Xew Archangel Mats, and
all kinds o£ Petersburg! Mats, supplied Wholesale, to
In* Trade only. Also RA.KFU. TOBACCO PAPtR and
CLOTH. CANES, and all SUNDRIES.
MAKENDAZ AX1> FISHER, James Street, Coveut Uanlen.W .C.

YOUNG WOMEN who WANT TO BE
INDEPENDENT, and make their own way in the world,
should write for a Prospectus of the SCIENTIFIC DRESS
CUTTING ASSOCIATION, 272, logout Street, London, W.
Situations for all Pupils at (food salaries.

GROMPTON
& FAWKES,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS,

CHELMSFORD.

BOOK of Photo-Lithographed
Sketches of Winter Gardens, Ranges
of Hothouses, Vineries, Architectu-
ral Conservatories, &c, of various
Designs and Sizes, recently con-
structed, erected, fitted, and heated
complete by us in different parts of
the country ; with particulars of the
most successful Hotwater Heating
Apparatus of the century.

Post-free on application.

R. HALLIDAY & CO.,

HOTHOUSE BUILDERS and HOT-WATER ENGINEERS,

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER.

Conservatories and Winter Gardens designed architecturally correct without the assistance of any one out of our firm,
..'com th* smallest to the largest. Hot-water Heating Apparatus, with really reliable Boilers, erected, and success guaranteed
'a all cases. Melon Frames, Sashes, Hotbed Boxes, &c, always in stock.

Plans, Estimates and Catalogues free. Customers waited on in any part of the Kingdom.

Our Maxim is and always has been —

MODERATE CHARGES. FIRST-CLASS WORK. THE BEST MATERIALS.

MESSENGER & CO.'S New CATALOGUE of Greenhouses and Heating Apparatus,

Just issued, will be found the most complete, practical, and reliable guide to all about to build, alter, or heat Greenhouses.
Qlustrations of every description of Glasshouse, from the largest range of Winter Gardens to the simplest forms of Portable
Greenhouses, Plant Protectors, and Garden Frames ; also of allthe best kind of Boilers, Hot-water Pipes, and all appliances for
seating. This Catalogue, possessing hundreds of illustrations of all the latest improvements in greenhouse building and heating,
s on a scale never before attempted. It should be in the hands of every one interested in gardening, as it contains many practical
liutson the subjects of which it treats, the result of many years' experience. Price 2s. post-free.

A large number of the illustrations are taken from greenhouses erected by us in various parts of the country, an inspection of
this Catalogue shows, therefore, buildings the efficiency of which has been well tested by actual use. The advantages possessed by
us enable us to cam1 out work with the utmost promptness, and tn the very best style, at prices which defy competition. Surveys
made and gentlemen waited on in any part of the country. Plans and Estimates free on application.

MESSENGER & COMPANY, LOUGHBOROUGH.

BOULTON&PAUL^or™:*

74.— THREE- QUARTER SPAN
GARDEN FRAME.

The most useful of all Frames that are made, owing to the
extra height and convenience for attention. They are 13
inches high at front. 24 inches high at back, and 32 inches at
the ridge, bolted at the corners, easily taken to pieces if required.
The Lights are 2 inches thick, fitted with set-opes, and arranged
to turn over, back and front, for ventilating. Glazed with best
21-oz. English glass, and painted four coats.

Length. Width.

1 Light Frame, 4 ft. by 6 ft.\

2 „

3 „

4 „

5 „

6 „

£2 15 0
4 7 6

6 0 0

7 12 6
9 5 0

10 17 6

CARRIAGE is paid to any station in England and Wales, to
Dublin, Cork, Derry, Glasgow, and Edinburgh, or stations
equivalent. CATALOGUES POST-FREE.

„ by

.. by

n by

., by

„ by

VULCAN IRONWORKS,

WINCHESTER.

THE VULCAN HIGH DUTY
HYDRAULIC RAM

Is the most efficient, self-acting
Pump. It will force water from
streams or springs on low levels to
fr tanks or reservoirs on hills, &c. It
saves all water cartage, and is
always at work, requiring no
attention.

All that is necessary is a small fall from a spring or stream ,
say 24 inches, when water can be forced to heights varying
from 200 to 300 feet, and 2 miles distant.

Estimates sent free for
Driving and Fitting-up
Tube Wells and Pumps,
Deep-well Pumps, Fixed
and Portable Garden
Pumps, &c, and for
Laying Domestic Water
Supply to Mansions,
Farms, Nurseries,
Greenhouses, &c.

PORTABLE
GARDEN PUMP.

Address: H. P. VACHER,

VULCAN IRONWORKS, WINCHESTER.

SAVE YOUR FIRE

and keep a fixed temperature under glass, by using
"FRIGI DOMO," made of prepared hair and
wool : a perfect non-conductor of cold.

PROTECT your PLANTS

mici dqmch

REGISTERED

trade MARK]

IFOR PRICE LIST &. PARTICULARS ADDRESS- I
RENJAMINFDGINGTON
U SDiske: ST LA London B/j/dgb \

GLASS. CHEAP GLASS.

88. 6<t per 100 feet 16 ox. 13 X 10. 18 X 12. 18 X 14, 24 X 14,
14 X 12. 20 X 12, 18 X 16. 24 X 16,
12B. per 100 feet 21 oz. ... 16x12, 16x14, 20x16, 24x18, Su.

All kinds of PAINTS at very low prices.
FLOORINO at 7<. 3d. per square ; MATCHING at 5.«. 9d. ;
3 X 9 at 2 id. per foot run j 2x4atfd. ; MOULDINGS, IRON-
MONGERY, &c. Catalogues on application to

THE CHEAP WOOD'COMPANY, 72, Bishopsgate Street
Within, London. E.C.

342

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 21, 1889.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

Scale of Charges for Advertising.

Head Line charged as two.

Lines

9
10
11
12
13
14

AND SIXPENCE FOR EVERT ADDITIONAL LINE.

If set across two Columns, the lowest charge will be 20*.

If set across three Columns the lowest charge will be 30*.

Page, £S; Half Page, £4 105. : Column, £3.

£0

Lines .

. £0 8

. 0 9

0 10

. 0 10

. 0 11

0 12

. 0 12

. 0 13

Gardeners and others Wanting Situations.

26 words, including name and address, Is. Gd.,

and Qd. for every additional line (about 9 words) or part

of a line.

THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE PREPAID.

This scale does not apply to announcements of Vacant

Situations, which are charged at the ordinary scale.

IMPORTANT N O T I C E.— Advertisers are cautioned
against having Letters addressed to Initials at Post-offices, as
all Letters so addressed are opened by the authorities and
returned to the sender.

Births, Deaths and Marriages, 5s. each insertion.

Advertisements for the current week must reach the Office by

Thursday noon.

All Subscriptions Payable in Advance.

The United Kingdom : 12 Months, 15s. ; 6 Months,

7s. 6d. : 3 Months, 3s. 9d.

Foreign (excepting India and China); including Postage,

17S. 6d. for 12 Months; India and China, 19s. 6d.
Post Office Orders to be made payable at the Post Office,

42, DRURY LANE, W.C., to W. Richards.

Publishing Office and Office for Advertisements,

41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C.

CHARLES FRAZER'S EXECUTORS,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, NORWICH.

No. 57.— Melon and Cucumber Frame.

The illustration shows a Three-light Frame, 12 feet long by
6 feet wide. Height at front 11 inches, height at back 22 inches.
Made of thoroughly seasoned redwood deal, sides aud ends
lj inch thick, screwed together at the angles, and with the
necessary parting pieces and runners for the lights, which are
2 inches thick, strengthened with iron bar across, and fitted
with iron handle complete. All parts painted three coats of
best oil colour, and light glazed with 21-oz. glass, nailed and
bedded in good putty.

1-Light Frame
2

Cash Prices
Carriage and
Packing Free.

,£■2
3

4 5

5 10

6 15
8 0

4 ft. by 6 ft.
8 ft. bv 15 ft.

3 12 ft. by 6 ft.

4 16 ft. by 6 ft.

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6 , 24 ft. by 6 ft.

Carriage is Paid to all Goods Stations in England and Wales ;

also to Glasgow, Edinburgh, Dublin and Belfast.

New Illustrated Catalogue of Conservatories, Greenhouses,
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THE BEST KEM£DY tOK INDIGESTION.

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♦** •INDIGESTIONS

See Testimonial, selected from hundreds:—

CROYDON, 1885.

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mend them to all suffering from the same.
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For other Testimonials, see Monthly Magazines.
Sold everywhere, price is. ijrf., 25. gd. and 11s.

CHEAP FRAMES.

PORTABLE CUCUMBER FRAMES.

RHALLIDAY and CO. desire to draw
»• special attention to their Cucumber Frames, of which
they always have a large stock, ready glazed and painted.
They are made of the best materials, and can be put together
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Prices delivered free to any station in England. „ ,. j

1-light frame, 4 ft. by 6 ft. I carriage 12 0 0
2-light frame, 8 ft. by 6 ft. J __and (3 2

3-light frame, 12 ft. by 6 ft. 1 P£**?s f 4 15 0
6-light frame, 24 ft. by 6 ft. (

Cases I
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Larger sizes at proportionate prices.

R. HALLIDAY &. CO.,

Hothouse Builders and Engineers, Royal Horticultural Works,

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London Agent— Mr. H. Skelton. Seedsman, &c, 2, Holloway

Road, N.

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O Twelve Carte Portraits, 2s. 2d. ; six for Is. 4rf. Eight-
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E P P S ' S

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COCOA

MADE WITH BOILING MILK.

WORKING PARTNER in an old established
Country Nursery and Seed Business, able and willing
to assist in the general working and developing the business.
Man with a small capital at command preferred. A six-
roomed house on the premises. — B. <>., Gardeners' Chronicle
Otlice, 41, Wellington Street, Straud, W.C.

WANTED, MAN and WIFE, without
encumbrance. Man as Gardener; must thoioughly
understand his business. Wife as good Plain Cook, and do
General House Work.— Apply, stating wages, to G., H. Rides,
Salesman, Covent Garden Market, W.C.

WANTED, a WORKING FOREMAN, for
Branch Nursery ; married man preferred. Also CLERK,
for Seed Trade.— Apply, with testimonials, stating salary
expected, to D 70, Scotsman Office, Edinburgh.

WANTED, immediately, HOUSE FORE-
MAN, to take full Charge of Mixed Crops, Fruits,
Flowers, and Plants, in Nursery and Market Garden. Good
Wages given to an efficient and energetic young man (none
else need apply).-T. HARWOOD, The Vineyard, Kings-
kerswell.

WANTED, a young MAN, not under 22,
must be strong, active, and perfectly sober; and
thoroughly well up in both Indoor and Outdoor Work. —
EDWIN BURTON, The Gardens, Ben Rbydding Hydro, By
Leeds,

WANTED, a young Lady, as ASSISTANT,
in Cut Flower Department. Must be well tip in
Bouquet and Wreath-making, &c. — State experience and
wages required, to PERKINS and SONS, Warwick Road
Nursery, Coventry.

GARDENING APPOINTMENTS.

Mu. Joseph Sidlf.y, late Gardener to Captain
Rlair, Ashwell Hall, Oakham, has been ap-
pointed Gardener to H. Stafford O'Brien,
Esq., Blathervvick Park, Northampton.

Mr. A. G. Hookings, for the past three years
Head Gardener to Sir Henhy Thompson, Hurst
Side, West Moulsey, has been engaged as Gar-
dener to S. W. Graystone, Esq., at the same
place.

Mr. James Elworthy, has been appointed
Gardener to Major Brocklehtjrst, Ranks-
borough Hall, Langham, Oakham, Rutland.

Mr. J. Jekkin, for many years principal Fore-
man at The Abbey Gardens, Tresco, Scilly Isles,
has succeeded the late Mr. G. D. Yallance as
Gardener to T. A. S. Dorrien Smith, Esq.,
Treseo, Scilly,

WANT PLACES.

HEAD GARDENERS.— At the present time
I can recommend several highly respectable Men, of
known ability and first-class character.— THOS. BUTCHER,
Seed Merchant, Croydon.

Head Gardeners.

JOHN LAING and SONS can at present
recommend with every confidence, several energetic and
practical MEN of tested ability and first-rate character.
Ladies and Gentlemen in want of GARDENERS and BAILIFFS,
and HEAD GARDENERS for first-rate Establishments or
(Single-handed Situations, can be suited, and have full par-
ticulars by applying at Staustead Park and Rutland Park
Nurseries, Forest Hill, London, S.E.

To Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring Land Agents,

STEWARDS. BAILIFFS. Or GARDENERS.

Gardeners, Foresters, Land Stewards.

Gardeners, Farm-Bailiffs, Foresters, &c.

DI C K S O N S, Royal Nurseries, Chester,
(Limited), are always in a position to RECOM-
MEND MEN of the highest respectability, and thoroughly
practical at their business. All particulars on application.
Telegraphic and Postal Address—" DICKSONS, CHESTER."

GARDENER (Head).— Age 40, married, no
family; thoroughly competent and trustworthy. — G.
MORRISS, Chapel Square, Kimbolton, St. Neots.

GARDENER (Head), where three or more
axe kept. — Thirteen years' experience. Highest refer-
ences. Leaving through death.— JOSEPH WARD, 15, Mans-
field Road, Nottingham.

GARDENER (Head). — The Advertiser has
been Foreman six years in good Gardens, will be glad
to meet with a Lady or Gentleman in want of above. Good
character.— C, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

September 21, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

343

GARDENER (Head).— Age 45 ; thirty years'
thorough practical experience in all branches. Six
years' excellent character, also eight previous.— A. ANDREWS,
Cain's Hill, Fareham, Hants.

GARDENER (Head).— J. Leadbetter, The
Gardens, Tranby Croft, Hull, begs to recommend his
Foreman, J. Sheddick, as a thoroughly efficient and steady
man. Good experience in all branches. Excellent references.

GARDENER (Head).— Married, no family ;
twenty-five years' practical experience. Well up in
Fruit and Forcing. Could Grow for Market. Good character.
— W.i 2, Belmont Cottages, Chislehurst, Kent.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 31,
married; seventeen years' thorough practical experience
in all branches of the profession. Good testimonials.— GAR-
DENER, Mr. Hawkridge, Exeter Road, Newton Abbot.

GARDENER (Head Working). — Married,
no family ; thoroughly experienced in the various
branches of First-class Gardening generally.— Apply, stating
wages, to GARDENER, Hapsford House, Frome, Somerset.

GARDENER (Head Working), where two
or more are kept.— Age 30, married ; fifteen years' ex-
perience in all branches. Abstainer.— GARDENER, 13, West
End Lane, Kilburn, N.W.

GARDENER (Head Working); age 43.—
A Lady can strongly recommend a thoroughly expe-
rienced, all-round Gardener. Also Land and Stock. Excellent
characters.— RAWLE, Crosspark, Shephay, Torquay.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 38,
married ; good practical man in all branches, Land and
Stock. First-class references.— VASSE, 24, St. George's Road,
Regent's Park, N.W.

p ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 35;

V_T a First Prize for Grape Growing; also good all-round
man. Good character.— Apply to AUSTIN, Postroffice, Beacon-
field, Brighton.

r\ ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 35 ;

V_J life-long experience. Eight years and three months'
character from last situation.— JAS. EELES, The Bank,
Marston. near Oxford.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Married,
two children, youngest age 10 ; thoroughly experienced
in Early and Late Forcing, &c. Highest references from,
present and previous employers. — T. W-, Monson Road, Redhill,
Surrey.

r^ARDENER (Head Working), where three

\X or more are kept. — Age 42 ; upwards of twenty-five years'
practical experience in all branches of the profession. Excel-
lent references from present and previous employers. Wife,
Poultry or Dairy. — J. McPHUN, Sipson, near Slough.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Married ;
thoroughly practical in Herbaceous and Alpine Plants,
Orchids, Stove Plants, Choice Fruits, Flowers, and the general
routine of a Gentleman's Garden. Highest references.— F.
NEWMAN, Dickinson Street, Horsforth, Leeds.

GARDENER (Head Working).— A GENTLE-
MAN wishes to recommend his late Head Gardener to
any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring a thoroughly competent
man. First-class experience. Royal Gardens, Veitch, &c.
Suburbs preferred.— HORTUS, 26, Elgin Terrace, Mjaida Vale, W.

GJ. ARDENER (Head Working), where
I several are kept.— Married, no family ; twenty-five years'
experience in all branches in well-kept Garden. Nine years'
character from fast situation. Land and Stock if required.
Please state wages. — S. C, Broomfields, Mattock Lane, Ealing
Dean, London.

GARDENER (Head, or good Single-
HANDED).— Married, no encumbrance ; well up in all
branches. Wife good Cook or Laundress. — A. M., 1, Davis
Place, Thayer Street, Manchester Square, W.

GARDENER; age 48, married.— The Earl
Nelson wishes to recommend his Gardener for a Small
Garden, with one or more under him. He is perfectly sober
and honest, and understands Stove and Greenhouse, Flower
and Kitchen Garden.— Trafalgar, Salisbury.

GARDENER. — A Gentleman (owing to
change of residence) is anxious to recommend his
Gardener for a new appointment, as a thorough good all-round
hand. He is able to give him over seven years' character, and
will gladly give detailed particulars.— GARDENER, Glenmore,
296, Upper Richmond Road, Putney.

C\ ARDENER (good Working).— A Gentle-

V-A man wishes to recommend a Gardener. Thorough prac-
tical knowledge of all branches of Gardening. — C. HAMIL-
TON, Esq., West End, Staplehurst, Kent.

GARDENER (Single-handed).— Age 26,

VJ married, no family. Experienced Orchid Grower. Seven
years with General Berkeley. Would suit amateur. Willing
to make himself generally useful. Wife excellent Cook. —
GARDENER, Spetchley House, Bitterne, Southampton.

G1 ARDENER (Single-handed or Under). —
r Age 26, single ; thirteen years' experience, Inside and
Out. Excellent character.— F. S., Withy Pitts, Turner's
Hill, Crawley, Sussex.

GARDENER (Second or Single-handed). —
Age 20 ; four and half years' good character from present
Situation.— A. E. PETERS, Garston Lodge, Watford, Herts.

GARDENER (Second or Single-handed). —
Age 24, single ; eleven and a half years' experience.
Understands Vines, Melons, Cucumbers, Stove and Greenhouse
Plants. Highest references.— H. MASON, The Gardens, Cliffe
Castle, Keighley, Yorkshire.

GARDENER (Second), where four or five
are kept.— Age 20; can be well recommended.— W.
COLEMAN, Odell Cottage, West Street, Eyde, Isle of Wight.

GARDENER (Second), where three or four
are kept.— Age 26; both Inside and Out. Bothy pre-
ferred. Steady, sober, and industrious. Good character and
references. — A. S., The Oaks Gardens, near Epsom, Surrey.

GARDENER (Second). — Age 22 ; eight
years' experience Indoors and Out. Three years and a
half character from present employer. — A. B., 158, Rommany
Road, West Norwood, S.E.

GARDENER (Second), where four or more
are kept.— Single; total abstainer. Ten years' and a
half experience. Good character.— J. WELLS, South Farm,
Worthing, Sussex.

p ARDENER (Second).— Age 27, single;

V_J seven years' experience, Inside and Out. Good cha-
racter from present situation. — A. NEAL, West Stoke,
Chichester, Sussex.

GARDENER (Second, or good Third), in
Gentleman's Garden.— Age 20. Gentleman going abroad
wishes to recommend as above. Abstainer.— STAPLEHURST,
Oakfield, The Avenue, Gipsey Hill.

p ARDENER (Under) ; Inside and Out pre-

\^A f erred. — Age 19 ; four years' good character and
experience in present situation.— W. WILLIAMS, Donhead,
Wilts.

f~^ ARDENER (Under), where two or more

VJ are kept. — Good references ; five years' experience. —
E. MASLTN, 5, Fredrick Terrace, Railway Street, Barnes,
London.

r\ ARDENER (Under).— Age 23, respect-

\JX^ able. Has had eight years' experience. Inside and Out.
Two years' good character, — H. WELLS, 48, Stanley Road,
Bromley, Kent.

GARDENER (Under), or IMPROVER.—
Age 21 ; can be highly recommended as above. Steady,
very honest, and industrious.— The GARDENER, The Elms,
Banbury, Oxon.

FOREMAN, or GARDENER, ■ where more
are kept. — Age 27 ; eleven years' experience, five years
as Foreman. Highly recommended by present and previous
employers. — C. DAVIES, Beckett, Shrivenham.

FOREMAN, in good establishment.— Age 24 ;
good experience, and undeniable testimonials. — W.
HONESS, The Gardens, Cobham Park, Cobham, Surrey.

Nurserymen.

FOREMAN, or First under Glass.— Age 26;
ten years' experience in firat-clasa Nurserifs Well up in
Wreaths and Crosses, &c— J. OWEN, Rose Villa Nurseries,
Harrogate.

FOREMAN (Indoor or General).— Age 27 ;
experienced in all branches, good references. — A. B., Mr.
E, Bennett, High Street, Ponders End, Middlesex.

FOREMAN, in the Houses, or GENERAL
FOREMAN in a good Establishment. — Fourteen years'
experience in all branches, Furnishing included. Highest
references. — C. TAYLOR, S, Telegraph Road, Peterstield,
Hants.

FOREMAN, or Second, in Private Establish-
ment.— Twelve years' experience in good places. Good
character and references.— J. H., The Cottage, Bolney, Sussex.

FOREMAN, or Second, in Gentleman's Estab-
lishment.— Age 24; eight years' experience in good
places, well recommended. Abstainer. — FOREMAN, Grey's
Road, Henley-on-Thames, Oxon.

FOREMAN, or FIRST JOURNEYMAN.—
Mr. J. McPheen, The Gardens, Sipson, via Slough, can
hichly recommend H. Morris to any Gardener requiring the
services of a thoroughly practical and trustworthy man in a
good Private Establishment.

NURSERY FOREMAN (General), or either
In or Outdoor. — Twenty years' practical experience in
all branches of the trade. Good Salesman, Satisfactory
references.— J. R., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington
Street, Strand, W.C.

To Nurserymen.

PROPAGATOR and GROWER, Indoor, in
a Provincial Nursery. — Age 24 ; good references from
previpus employers. Good Salesman.— GROWER, 41, Wel-
lington Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

To Nurserymen.

PROPAGATOR (Assistant), and GROWER.
Age 18; well up in Double Primulas, Bouvardias, Cycla-
men, Poinsettias, Ferns, &c. Two and a half years' excellent
character. — W. T., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington
Street, Strand, W.C.

JOURNEYMAN (First), in the Houses.—
Age 21 ; seven years' experience. Good recommendations
from previous and present employer. Abstainer. — H. JONES,
Drayton Road, Sipson, near Slough.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 24;
five years' good character,— H. W. M„ Manor House,
Gunnersbury, Acton.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 19;
bothy preferred. Can be well recommended. Three
years' good character,— JOHN HODGES, Kenswick Court,
near Worcester.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 22;

fJ good experience ; caa be well recommended. — GEORGE
CLARKE, The Gardens, Beechy Lees, Otford, Sevenoaks, Kent.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 21 ;
highly recommended from last and previous situation.
Five and a half years' experience.— R. EDGE, Norley Hall
Gardens, Frodsham, Cheshire.

JOURNEYMAN; age 20.— Mr. E. Molyneux,
Swanmore Park Gardens, Bishop's Waltham, would like
to recommend a young man as above. Has had good experience
both In and Out. Good references. — Address as above.

JOURNEYMAN, Inside and Out.— Age 22;
eight years' experience. Good character from previous
and present situation.— J. BANKS, Drayton Road, Sipson, vid
Slough.

JOURNEYMAN, Inside, or Inside and Out.—
Age 21 ; six and a half years' experience. Good characters
from present and previous employers. — F. TOMS, Drayton
Road, Sipson, vid Slough.

JOURNEYMAN or IMPROVER, under Gllsl.
— Age 19 ; five years' experience. Two years' good
character. Understands Plant and Fruit Houses. Good recom-
mendation.—W. COLBOURN, Gardens, Elcot, Hungerford.

TMPROVER, in a good Garden.— Age 18;

■A- tall and strong. Churchman. Good character. — W.
SIMCOE, Mears Ashby, Northampton.

To Nurserymen.

IMPROVER. — Age 18 ; four years' experience.
Two and a half years last situation. Good character. —
K. E., 49. Mount Pleasant Road, Hastings.

To Gardeners, &c.
TMPROVER. in Gentleman's Garden.— Age 18;

A abstainer. Four years' experience. Good character. —
R., 43, Elsden Eoad, Tottenham.

TMPROVER, under Glass; age 18.— J.McPhun,

X The Gardens, Sipson, vid Slough, can highly recommend a
very respectable and trustworthy man as above. Will answer
any_ particulars concerning him.

T MPROVER, Indoor and Out.— Age 18 ; would

A. not object to look after Pony. Willing to make himself
generally useful, good character.— E. LINDIS, 5, Milton
Street, Worthing, Sussex.

TO MARKE'FGROWERSr— Advertiser" can
recommend a reliable man (age 24), well up in Growing
for Market, Cut Flowers, Tomatos, Grapes, &c— G. H., The
Vineries, Mill Road, Worthing.

rpO GARDENERS.— A young Man (age 10)

-I- desires engagement under a Gentleman's Gardener,
Indoor and Out. Four vears' experience in Market Nursery
Work.— L., 45, Lyndhurst Road, Peckham, S.E.

rPO GARDENERS, &c— Situation wanted by

-L a young man (age 19); quick at Potting, Tying, and
Watering, ftc— W. CHAPMAN, Halliford Road, Sunbury.

TTO GENTLEMEN GARDENERS.— Wanted,

T for a strong, respectable Youth (age 15), a situation in a
Gentleman's Garden. Slight experience. Well recommended.
RECTOR of HOUGHTON, Stockbridge, Hants.

Seed Trade.

SHOPMAN or MANAGER— Age 30; fifteen
years' experience. London and Provincial Houses.
Thorough knowledge of Trade.— H. C, 41, St. John's Road,
Clapham Junction,

Q HOPMAN. — Age 32, married ; seventeen

KJ years* experience in London and Provinces. Can be well
recommended.— X. Y., 7, Ryehill Cottages, Kirkewhite Street,
Nottingham.

HOPMAN (Assistant).— Age 23; eight

years' experience in all departments of the Trade. Good
references. — J. H., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington

Street, Strand, W.C

SHOPMAN (Assistant). — Good knowledge
of Bulb and Seed Trade; also several years in Plant
Houses. Wants experience in Flower Trade, Low wages
accepted. — WHITE, 5, Hope Terrace, Acton Green, Chiswick.W.

QEED TRADE. — Advertiser open for an en

O gagement. Twenty years' practical experience in the
Wholesale and Retail Trade. — J. Y., Gardeners' Chronicle
Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

CEED TRADE.— Situation wanted by a young

O man. Five years' experience. Good references. State
salary.— T. S. S., Gardeners' Chronicle Ollice, 41, Wellington
Street, Strand, W.C.

pARPENTER, PAINTER, and GLAZIER.—

V^ Married; experienced Jobbing Hand. Accustomed to
Hothouse Work. Undertakes Wheelwrighting if wanted on
estate or otherwise. Six years present reference. — CLARK,
Carpectei, High Cross, Framfield, Sussex.

HOLLUWAY'S OINTMENT and PILLS.—
Rheumatism and Gout. — These purifying and soothing
remedies demand the earnest attention of all persons liable to
Gout, Sciatica, or other painful affections of themuseles, nerves,
or joints. The Ointment should be applied after the affected
parts have been patiently fomented with warm water, when
the unguent should be diligently rubbed upon the adjacent
skin, uuless the friction should cause pain. Hollowny's Pills
should be simultaneously taken to reduce inflammation, and
to purify the blood. This treatment abates the violence and
lessens the frequency of Gout, Rheumatism, and oil spasmodic
diseases which spring from hereditary predisposition, or from
any accidental weakness of constitution. This Ointment checks
the local mischief. The Pills restore the vital powers.

344

THE GAfiDENEBS' CHRONICLE.

[September 21, 1889.

THOMAS GREEN & SON, Limited,

SMITHFIELD IRONWORKS, LEEDS, AND SURREY WORKS, SLACKFRIARS ROAD, LONDON, S.E.,

HORTICULTURAL ENGINEERS to HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN, call Special Attention to their Patent Wrought-Iron Municipal or Angular Chambered and Tabular

HOT-WATER BOILERS,

And others with SHELVES, and Hollow or Ordinary Cast-iron GRATE BARS.

OArtni C Dnil CDO With WATERWAY BACKS and WELDED BOILERS, any of which are specially adapted for Heating Greenhouses, Conservatories, Churches, Chapels,
OAL'ULt DUlLtnO. Schools, Public Buildings, Entrance Halls, Warehouses, Workshops, &c. They are the neatest, cheapest, most effective, and durable of any extant.

The MUNICIPAL and TUBULAR ones are remarkable for their great heating power, slow combustion, and the length of time the fire will burn without requiring attention.

These Patterns secured the FIRST and HIGHEST PRIZE-a SILVER MEDAL-at the Royal Horticultural Society's Exhibition, South Kensington, London, June 1, 1881.

SBxiEiiW:!";:
JBHH!i!!Jt1K!
■—■■MB

gSiHliiM

The Best Boiler Extant,

— Front Elevation —

SSSW8^L

SECTIONAL PLAN

lgii
fir

M B 1
MB2
MB3
M B4
MB 5

The front elevation shows it set in brickwork, which is necessary fir this class of boiler.

SIZES AND PRICES.

3 ft. 2 in. long by 2 ft. 0 in. wide by 2 ft. 0 in. deep ,

4 0 „ by 2 0 ,, by 2 0 ,,

5 0 „ by 2 3 „ by 2 6 „ \

6 6 ,, by 3 0 ,, by 3 0 ,,
by 4

8 6

by 3

, 1000 ft.

Price

£15

Calculated to

1280

heat 4-in. piping

4 2200

as follows : —

/4000

Wooo

J J

TESTIMONIALS.

Messrs. THOS. GREEN and SON, Ltd., NORTH STREET. LEEDS.

Re HEATING APPARATUS.

Borough Engineer's Office, Municipal Buildings, Leeds. January 9, 1S86.

Gentlemkn, — I have great pleasure in bearing testimony to the efficiency and satisfactory working of the Hot-water Heating Apparatus you erected in these public buildings.

The buildings are four storeys high, and we have a total length of about 28,000 feet of piping in them, varying in size from l\ in. to t5 in. diameter, with their connections, &c. The several
offices and rooms can all be in operation at one time or separately, and the heat regulated by means of the valves to the temperature required, even in the coldest weather.

Two of your Patent Municipal Pattern Boilers, No. 4, work the whole of this piping easily, although we have three of them fixed. They are very powerful and economical in the consump-
tion of fuel, and I am pleased to be able to report of them and the apparatus so favourably. I am. Gentlemen, yours truly, THOS. HEWSON, Borough Engineer.

Morley House, Bagot, St. Saviour's, Jersey, November \0th, 1886.

Gentlemen,— The large Municipal Boiler which you sent me last year is doing its work satisfactorily; it is heating 5.000 feet of 4-inch pipe in one of my vineries, and I am quite sure that
it has power to work a much greater length, while in cost of fuel it compares favourably with my other Boilers.

I have now five of your Boilers in use, and I cannot speak too well of their heating powers, or their comparatively small consumption of fuel.
Messrs. THOS. GREEN" asd SON, Ltd.. LEEDS. Yours faithfully. (Signed) G. W. BASHFORD.

AND HUNDREDS OF OTHER REFERENCES CAN BE GIVEN IF REaiTIRED.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE FORM OF SUBSCRIPTION.

From

W. RICHARDS,

41, Wellington Street, Strand,
LONDON. W.C.

1889.

Please send me "The Gardeners' Chronicle" for

commencing , for which I enclose P. 0.0 ;

Months,

fcj& Please Note that all Copies Sent Direct from this Office must be paid for in advance

THE UNITED KINGDOM : — 12 Months, 15s. ; 6 Months, 7s. 6d. ; 3 Months, 3s. 9d. ; Post-free.
FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTIONS (excepting India and China) :— Including Postage, 17* 6d. for Twelve Months. India and China, 10s. 64.

Receipts for less than six mouths' subscription will not be sent unless specially asked for.

P. 0.0. to be made payable at the Post Office, No. 42, DRURY LANE, London, to W. RICHARDS.

Cheque* should he. crossed " DRTrMMOND"

a. c,

Sept. 21, 1889.

Editoris amunications should be addressed to " The Editor ;" A ivertisem«ut.s and Business Letters to " The Publisher," at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C.
Printed bv VlLLIAM RlCBARDS. at the Office of Messrs. BradbURV, V}"(EW, & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City of London, in the County of Middlesex, and published by the
said Willi • ;ichards at the Oifije. 41. Wellington Street. Parish of St. Paul's Covent Garden, in the slid County.— Saturday. September 21. 1889. Agent for Manche.st t—.Jokx Hf.ywood.

Established 1841

No. 144,—Vol. VI. {g£™} SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 28, 1889.

[Regt. as a Newspaper./ PRICE 3d*

CONTENTS.

Pear Con-

Con-

.piary
.pple and

ference

iegonia gracilis Mar-

tiana

tegonias as bedders

tulb garden

Jurghley gardens

■arpet- bedding

?hoisya ternata..
3hry santhem am

ference

,, sports

:iethra arborea

}rinum brachynema
Cucumbers in America ...
Cultural memoranda ...

Cyprus

daffodils

)ahlias, single and Cactus
rree3ia refracta alba ...

"lorists' flowers

fruits under glass
fruilerers' Company at

the Mansion House ...

Jladioli, new

lardy fruit garden

Japanese distortions

Kitchen garden

Lachenalias

Lilies at Oakwood

Mountain meadow, a ...

Nepenthes

Orchid notes

Orchids, catalogue of ...
,, list of garden
,, at Sydenham

Paris Exhibition note3 ...

Phlox Drummondi

Plants and their culture

Potato-tuber beetle

Primulina tabacum
1 Rose Princess Stephanie

< Roses, single

| Schubertia grandiflora ...
I Spotting of Peaches and

j Cucumbers

1 Tigridia buccifera

] Tuberoses in the open ...

' Vegetable Conference,

| the 358,363

Watsonia iridifolia var.

O'Brieni 350

| Weather, the 366

360
857

356
362
352
354
355
361
354
355
352
363
:i=>7
361
356
352
351
354

355
350
353

Illustrations.

^lethra arborea ...
rladiolL new
>otato beetle
rimulina tabacum

353
359
361
356

idvertisers are specially requested to note, that,
under no circumstances whatever, can any
particular position be guaranteed for ad-
vertisements occupying less space than an
entire column.

Now ready, In cloth, lis. 6d.

J HE GARDENERS1 CHRONICLE,
Vol. V., Third Series, JAN. to JUNE, 1889.
. W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE
IN AMERICA.

The Subscription to America, including Postage, is $4.30 for
Twelve Months.
Agent for America :—E.H. LIBBY, "The American Garden,"
51, Broadway, New York, to whom American Orders may
je sent.

p R Y S T A L PALACE.

KJ GREAT AUTUMN EXHIBITION of FRUIT.

OCTOBER 10 to 12. •

\ Admission daily. Is. Entries Close on Thursday, October 3.

Schedules and Entry Foriis on application to

Mr. W. G. HEAD, Superintendent, Gardens Department,

Crystal Palace, S.E.

To the Trade, or Retail.
WARF H.P. RUSES, of sorts, our selection.

DWARF GLOIRE DE DIJON, extra strong.
DWARF MARECHAL NIEL, very strong.
Also MANETTI STOCKS. For price per 100 or 1000 to
GRAY AND SONS, Brox Nursery, Chertsey, Surrey.

"TREE FERNS.— For disposal, Two DICK-

-L SONIA ANTARCTICA, 2 to 3 feet on stem, with 12 and
15 fronds, 6 feet in length. Also One CYATHEA, 4 feet stem,

i^ith 6 fronds, 5 feet in length. For price and further

particulars, apply

1 H. NEWMAN, Florist, Gorleston, Great Yarmouth.

ROSES ! ROSES ! ! ROSES ! ! !— The best and
cheapest in the world. 40 choice Perpetuals for 21s.
Purchaser's selection from 400 best varieties. CATALOGUES
ree on application. Ten acres of Roses, 100,000 grand plants
o select from. Plant now.

JAMES WALTERS, Rose Grower, Exeter.

FERNS.— PTERIS CRETICA CRIST ATA,
in 60's, 14s. per 100. £A 10s. per 1000 ; do. thumbs, 10s. 6rf.
her 100. £5 per 1000. CUNEATUMS, in 60's, 14s. per 100. for
cash with order. All good Stuff.— CULL AND ROOKE,
.ihelburne Nursery, Coleraine Park, Tottenham.

New Catalogues.

CHARLES TURNER'S New and Descriptive
CATALOGUES are now ready, and will be sent free on
application, viz. :— A CATALOGUE of Dutch and other Bulbs,
also CATALOGUE of Carnations, Cloves, Picotees, Pinks, &c.
The Royal Nurseries, Slough.

HURST and SON have still a very line stock
of ROMAN HYACINTHS, LILIUM CANDLDUM,
Paper-white NARCISS, and other forcing BULBS; also a
complete assortment of DUTCH and ENGLISH BULBS, in-
cluding Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocus, Snowdrops, Narcissus,
&c, &c, at extremely moderate prices.

CATALOGUES and special offers on application.

Seed Warehouse, 152, Houndsditch, London, E.C.

BARR'S NEW DAFFODIL
"MRS. GEORGE CAMMELL," The Great Spanish
Beauty. Amongst Daffodils this is the most distinct in cha-
racter, and the most refined in beauty ; perfectly hardy. 21s.
per dozen, 2s. each ; extra large bulbs, 30s. per dozen, 3s. each.

Barr's General Bulb Catalogue free on application.

Barr's Daffodil and Plant Catalogue free on application.

Barr's Rare Species of Crocus and Meadow Saffron List on
application.
BARS AND SON, 12 and 13, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

CAMELLIAS. — We have to offer a very fine
lot of large Plants of CAMELLIAS in splendid condition.
Full particulars, sizes, prices, &c, free on application.

JOHN LAING AND SONS. Nurseries. Forest Hill, S.E.

The London Fern Nursery Annual Sale.

FERNS, to the Trade, cheap.— ADIANTUM,
PTERIS, and 20 other saleable sorts, at 10s. and 12s. per
100, in 60's. 100.000 surplus stock to select from. Packing
free. 1 large DICKSONIA ANTARCTICA, 5 feet, fine pla ,t,
cheap.— SMITH, London Fern Nursery, Brixton, S.W.

EVERGREEN HEDGES. — Fine bushes of
LINGUSTRUM OVAXIFOLIUM and THUIA LOBBII,
from 3 feet to 6 feet. Plant now. Price LIST free.

WILL TAYLER, Osborn Nursery. Hampton, Middlesex.

HENRY SQUELCH (late Squelch & Barn^
ham) RECEIVES CONSIGNMENTS of good Black
Grapes, Muscats, Cucumbers, Tomatos, and Beans ; also all
kinds ot choice Hothouse Flowers. H. Squelch's trade being
especially for First-class Hothouse Produce, and he having a
connection amongst the best Houses in London and Country, is
able to command highest Market Prices. Account Sales fur-
nished daily, and accounts settled weekly, or as desired.
Empties and Labels Supplied. Bankers' and other references.
North Row, Covent Garden Market, W.C.

MESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS,
Nurserymen. Sidcup, and 285, 286, 287, 288, Flower
Market, Covent Garden, London, W.C are open to RECEIVE
CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS in any quantity
for their Commission Department. Boxes and Labels supplied.
Telegraph Address — " COMMISSION, SIDCUP."

PEACHES, FIGS, GRAPES, CUCUMBERS,
TOMATOS, &c. Highest Market Prices guaranteed.
Prompt Cash.— HENRY RIDES, Covent Garden.

WANTED, a few thousand GERANIUM
CUTTINGS, Vesuvius, Mrs. Pollock ; also GEM CAL-
CEOLARIA CUTTINGS, for cash.— F. CASE, Seedsman, Cardiff.

WANTED, STOVE and GREENHOUSE
PLANTS, small from stores ; Gold and Silver Tri-
colors (not Pollock's), Primulas, Hardy, all varieties ; Poly-
anthus, named ; Hepaticas angulosa, v. hite, double and single
blue ; named Show Pinks and Auriculas, Asparagus, Plumosa
nana, Daphnes. Large scarlet and blue Salvias; Raspberry
Canes, red and yellow; Choisya temata. W. A. Richardson
Rose ; small Orchids, Hollyhocks, good Herbaceous Plants, &c.
Address, R. C, 41, Wellington Street, Strand. W.C.

WANTED, large PALMS and other DECO-
RATIVE PLANTS in EXCHANGE. To offer, 3000
coloured uractenas, in thumbs, well routed ; 2000 coloured Dra-
caenas, in 3J inch pots.

All the leading varieties, at greatly reduced prices for cash,
package free.

THYNES, Nurserymen, Glasgow.

RIVERS' MINIATURE FRUIT GARDEN,
published by Longmans. WANTED, New or Second-
hand Copy of above.— Send, stating price, to Miss SYMONDS,
Pengethly, Ross.

SUTTON'S BULBS, Genuine Only direct
from SUTTON AND SONS, Reading. SUTTON'S BULB
CATALOGUE is Now Ready. Price id. Post free.

" As is usual with Messrs. Sutton's publications, thi3
Catalogue is thorough and genuinely useful. The method of
classification and lucid descriptions render it an easy task to
distinguish suitable varieties, and make a good selection.
The Catalogue, which is fully illustrated, contains a superbly
coloured plate of Sutton's ' Matchless' set of five Hyacinths." —
Western Times, August 31, 1889.

Complete Priced LIST of Sutton's Bulbs gratia,

on application to

SUTTON AND SONS, THE QUEER'S SEEDSMEN, READING.

LILIES cTf THE VALLEY!
English-grown I
The best for early forcing, finest large flowers, and superior
in every respect to German crowns. Price per 1000, 10,000. to
100,000 on application.

T. JANNOCH, Lily of the Valley Grower by Special Appoint-
ment to H.R.H. The Prince of Wales, Dersingham, King's
Lynn, Norfolk.

DUTCH BULBS !— BULBS !— BULBS !—
Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcissi, Crocuses, Anemones, Ra-
nunculus, Lilies, and all other Bulbous Plants and Roots.
Goods delivered entirely free of any charge at destination in
Great Britain and Ireland. No packing charges. The most
favourable and easy terms ever offered. Only the finest roots,
guaranteed true to name, supplied at lowest prices. Beauti-
fully illustrated English CATALOGUE for Amateurs, gratis
and post-free on application to VAN MEERBEEK and CO.,
Growers, Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland.

ROMAN HYACINTHS, NARCISSUS,
LILIUMS, TUBEROSES, and many other FRENCH
BULBS, grown and offered by LOUIS BREMOND, fils,
Ollioules, France.

WHOLESALE LIST on application to WILLIAM DEN-
MAN, 7, Catherine Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C.

PLANTING SEASON. — FRUIT TREES,
COB NUTS. FOREST TREES, and SHRUBS. Several
thousand for sale, all well rooted, strong and healthy. — Apply,
TODDINGTON ORCHARD CO., Winchcomb, Gloucestershire.

RHUBARB.— 20,000 large Roots, ten years
old, suitable for forcing. £1 per 100, on rail. Cash with *
order. J. .1. CLARK, West Brighton, Sussex.

STRAWBERRIES.— Leading kinds, in 3 j-inch
pots, for immediate Planting or Potting on for Forcing.
Send for LIST.

FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Sheen Nurseries, Richmond,
Surrey ; and Flower Market, Covent Garden, W.C.

Strawberries, from the Garden of England.

GEORGE BUN YARD and CO. can now
offer very fine Runners and Plants in small pots of all
the finest kinds. LIST free.

Old Nurseries, Maidstone.

STRAWBERRIES a Specialty.
A. F. BARRON, turned out of pots, 25s. per 100.

„ Runners 20s. per 100.

NOBLE, turned out of pots 16s. per 100.

,, Runners 10s. per 100.

Sixteen varieties grown. Warranted first-class plants.
R. GILBERT, High Park, Stamford.

STRAWBERRY RUNNERS for FRUITING
NEXT SEASON.— Thury, Paxton, President, and other
favourite varieties. Descriptive LIST, with prices, on appli-
cation. Sample of plants, post-free. 3d.

W. LOVELL AND SON, Strawberry Planters. Driffield.

ICOTINE SOAP.— An effectual eradicator

of all insect pests affecting plants, without injury
to foliage. Jars, Is. id., 3s., bs.id.; Tins, 15s. titf., 25s., 95s.
All See Ismen and Florists.

^THOMSON'S IMPROVED VINE and PLANT

JL MANURE.— This valuable Manure is made only by us.
Every bag and tin has our name on it. To be had of all Nursery
and Seedsmen, and direct from us. 1 cwt. and over carriage
paid. London Agent— Mr. GEORGE. 10, Victoria Road, Putney.
WM. THOMSON and SONS, Clovenfords, Galashiels, N.B.

SENT GRATIS. — WOOD and SON'S
interesting Pamphlet on Fertilizing Moss. Most valu-
able information on Plnnt and Bulb Culture.

WOOD and SOaV, Wood Green, N.

346

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 28, 1889.

SALES by AUCTION.

Splendid Bulbs from Holland.

SALES every MONDAY, WEDNESDAY, and SATURDAY,
in Large and Small Lots, to suit all Buyers.

ME. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent
Garden, W.C., every MONDAY, WEDNESDAY and SATUR-
DAY, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely each day, nrsf>class
consignments of choice named HYACINTHS, TULIPS,
CROCUSES, SCILLAS, NARCISSUS, and other BULBS,
arriving daily from well-known farms in Holland.

On view mornings of Sale, and Catalogues had.

3peclal Sale of Orchids In Flower and Bud.

MR. J. 0. STEVENS begs to announce that
his NEXT SPECIAL SALE of ORCHIDS in FLOWER
and BUD, will take place at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C., on THURSDAY, October 17, and he will
be glad if gentlemen desirous of ENTERING PLANTS FOR
THIS SALE, will please SEND LIS TS AS SOON AS POSSIBLE.

Englefleld Green.
ORCHIDS and ORCHID-HOUSES.— Without reserve.

MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instructions
from Col. Deare to SELL by AUCTION, on the
Premises, Englefield Green, about the MIDDLE of OCTOBER,
without reserve, the Collection of ORCHIDS and other
STOVE PLANTS, the GLASS-HOUSES, Hot-water PIPING,
BOILERS, SLATE STAGING, &c.

For Date of Sale and further particulars, see next Adver-
tisement.
Auction Rooms and Offices, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

Dutch Bulbs.

GREAT UNRESERVED SALES, every MONDAY, WEDNES-
DAY, THURSDAY, and SATURDAY.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67
and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C., every MONDAY, WED-
NESDAY, THURSDAY, and SATURDAY, at half-past
11 o'clock each day, extensive consignments of first-class
HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUS, NARCISSUS, and other
BULBS, from Holland, lotted to suit the Trade and Private
Buyers.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Gipsy Hill.

EXPIRATION of LEASE. The remaining FURNITURE of
the usual description ; also the whole of the STOVE and
GREENHOUSE PLANTS, several tine CAMELLIAS and
AZALEAS, FERNS, BEGONIAS, GARDEN FRAMES,
VASES, ROLLER, two LAWN-MOWERS, and other items.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL the above by AUCTION, on the Premises, Oak-
field, The Avenue, Gipsy Hill (one minute from Gipsy Hill
Station), on MONDAY, September 30, at 1 o'clock.

On view Saturday prior, and morning of Sale. Catalogues
had of the Gardener, on the Premises, and of the Auctioneers
and Estate Agents, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C.

Tuesday Next.

Standard, Dwarf, and Climbing ROSES, including the best
Hybrid Perpetual and Teas; choice Hardy AMERICAN
PLANTS, RHODODENDRONS, and other hardy Evergreen
Shrubs; ORNAMENTAL and FRUIT TREES, and a
variety of choice GREENHOUSE and DECORATIVE
PLANTS, CARNATIONS, PICOTEES, &c.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL the above by AUCTION, at the City Auction
Rooms, 38 and 39, Gracechurch Street, London, E.C, on
TUESDAY NEXT, October 1, at half-past 12 o'clock.

On view morning of Sale. Catalogues had at the rooms, and
of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C.

Tuesday Next.

SPECIAL SALE OF LILIES.
6,000 Lilium auratum, splendid Bulbs (some of the finest ever
offered), just received from Japan, being the first consign-
ment this season, also several thousands of Ferns. Lilies
from the stock which has been awarded so many prizes
and silver medal during the past season, including 2,000
Lilium rubrum cruentum, 1,600 Lilium album Kroetzeri,
5,500 Lilium longidorum, grand bulbs, 200 Lilium aura-
tum rubro vittatum and virginale, tigrinum, eximium,
elegans. &c.

MESSRS PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL the above by AUCTION at their Central Sale
Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C, on TUESDAY
NEXT, October 1, at half-past H o'clock precisely.

On view morning of Sale and Catalogues had.

Wednesday Next.

260 AZALEA INDICA, 300 FICUS ELASTICA, FERNS, and
other Plants from Holland; also 400 lots of DUTCH
BULBS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Central Sale
Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C, on WEDNESDAY
NEXT, October 2, at half-past 11 o'clock, without reserve.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
N.B. The Auctioneers desire to mention that the above
plants, coming from Holland, the Azaleas have not been
affected by the recent severe frost that occurred in Belgium
between September 15 and 16.

Beckenham.

Clearance Sale of STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS,
ORCHIDS, &c, by order of Mr. C J. Goldsmith, who is
giving up the gardens.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, The Gardens,
Kelsey Manor, Beckenham (one mile from Beckenham Junction
Station), on THURSDAY, October 3, at 12 o'clock, the whole
of the STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, in great variety ;
FERNS, a quantity of ORCHIDS, BOUVARDIAS, 1000 CHRY-
SANTHEMUMS, large white AZALEAS, GARDEN TOOLS,
TUB WATER-CART by Bailey, &c.

May be viewed the day prior to the Sale. Catalogues had of
Mr. GOLDSMITH, on the Premises; and of the Auctioneers,
6, an 1 68, Cheapside, Loudon, E.C.

Friday Next, October 4.

Important to the Trade and large Buyers.
600 Well-grown CATTLEYAS, by order of Mr. G. T. White,
who is reluctantly compelled to offer the plants for abso-
lute sale to avoid building this autumn.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL by AUCTION at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and
68, Cheapside, E.C. , on FRIDAY NEXT, October 4, at half- past 12
o'Clock precisely, 500 well-grown established planta of CATT-
LEYA MENDELII, MOSSLE, &c, together with a fine lot of
COOLHOUSE PLANTS in variety, all in flower, and for Sale
without the least reserve.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Woking— Expiration of Lease.

CLEARANCE SALE of 3 Acres of general NURSERY STOCK,
in consequence of the Expiration of the Lease of this
portion of their Nursery, by order of Messrs. T. Holdforth
& Sons.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, the Sander's
Lane Nurseries, Woking, 1 mile from Worplesden Station, on
October 8 and 9, at 12 o'Clock each day. without reserve, the
whole of the unusually well-grown NURSERY STOCK standing
upon this portion of their Nursery, consisting of, amongst many
other items, thousands of young Conifers for growing on,
3000 Rhododendrons, 1200 Thuja Lobbi, 2 to 5 feet; 2500
Aucubas, lfootto2feet ; 5000 Deutzia gracilis for potting on, a
large quantity of Pampas Grass, 4300 Portugal Laurels, 40,000
Berberis, 26.000 1-yr. Quick, &c.

May now be viewed. Catalogues obtained on the Premises,
and of the Auctioneers and Estate Agents, 67 and 68, Cheap-
side, E.C.

Southbourne-on-Sea.

About 1J mile from Christchurch and Boscombe Stations,
and 3 miles from Bournemouth.
Important to Nurserymen, Gentlemen, and Others.
Great CLEARANCE SALE of the whole of the GREEN-
HOUSE PLANTS, NURSERY STOCK, the WINTER
GARDEN, GREENHOUSES, PIPING, HORSES, CARTS,
&c, by order of the Southbourne Winter Gardens Com-
pany, who are relinquishing their business.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS (in
conjunction with Messrs. McEWAN, BROWN, and
WYATT) are instructed to SELL by AUCTION, on the
respective Premises, on TUESDAY, October 8, and three fol-
lowing days, viz., on TUESDAY and WEDNESDAY, October
8 and 9, at The Winter Garden, Southbourne-on-Sea, on
THURSDAY, October 10, at the Boscombe Nursery, Boscombe,
and on FRIDAY, October 11, at the Nursery, Christchurch, at
half-past 12 o'Clock precisely each day, the whole of the ex-
tensive stock of STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, being
the contents of 20 Greenhouses, including large Camellias,
Ferns, Palms, and Stephanotis.

4000 Gardenias

2500 Double White Geranium

(candidissima flore-

pleno) for cutting
double white Primulas, Vallotas, Pearl Tuberoses
erection of the span-roof Winter Garden, 200 feet

300 Dendrobium nobile
3000 White Chrysanthemums
2300 Arum Lilies
500 Azaleas

&c. The
length ;

four Greenhouses, several boilers, 2,000 feet of 4-inch hot-
water piping, also the out-door Nursery Stock of the Bos-
combe and Christchurch Nurseries, comprising 12,000 common
Laurels, 3 to 4 feet, 2,000 other Laurels, large quantities of
various Conifers, 50,000 Asparagus ; the erection of Show-
house and piping at the Boscombe Nursery ; the whole of the
Farm Implements, three Cart Horses, Carts, Waggon, Harness,
Rollers, corrugated iron, and numerous other items. May be
viewed one week prior to the Sale.

Catalogues obtained at the respective Nurseries, of Messrs.
McEwan, Brown & Wyatt, Auctioneers and Estate Agents,
Bournemouth, and of Messrs. Protheroe & Morris, Auction-
eers and Land Agents, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C.

N.B. Conveyances will meet the 11.57 a.m. train from
London at Christchurch Station, on October 8 and 9, to convey
intending purchasers to the Southbourne Winter Garden.

Borrowasn, near Derby.

Important to Noblemen, Gentlemen, and Others desirous of
obtaining beautifully grown specimen CONIFERS for
which this Nursery has so long been noted.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Messrs. W. Barron & Son to SELL by
AUCTION on the Premises, the Elvastou Nurseries, Borrowasn,
near Derby, close to the Borrowash Station, on WEDNESDAY
and THURSDAY, October 9 and 10, at 11 o'Clock precisely
each day, a large quantity of beautifully-grown NURSERY
STOCK, carefully prepared for removal, including a great
variety of choice and rare specimen CONIFERS, large orna-
mental Deciduous Trees, for park or street planting; many
thousands of various Trees and strong Quick, and a variety of
Greenhouse Plants. Ferns, &c.

The Stock may be viewed any day prior to the Sale. Cata-
logues may be obtained at the Nurseries ; at Messrs. BARRON
am» SON'S late Seed Shop, 16, Market Street, Nottingham ;
and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C.

Hayward's Heath.

About 1 Mile from the Railway Station.

SALE of well-grown NURSERY STOCK, the ground being

required for other purposes.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Mr. Banks to SELL by AUCTION, on the
Piemises, Bank's Nursery, Hayward's Heath, on THURSDAY,
October 10, at 12 o'Clock precisely, a large quantity of well-
grown NURSERY STOCK, carefully transplanted, and now in
capital condition for removal, including a choice assortment of
Conifers and Evergreens, 800 American Arbor-vitee, 4 feet to
8 feet; 1000 Green Holliei, 2 feet to 4 feet ; 4000 Common and
other Laurels, 1 J foot to 5 feet ; 7000 extra strong Quick,
900 Golden Euonymus, in pots; Standard Ornamental Trees,
5000 Gooseberries and Currants, fine bushes ; 3000 Raspberries,
Laxton's Noble Strawberries, and others. Also a strong, spring,
Market Van.

May now be viewed. Catalogues obtained on the premises,
and of the Auctioneers and Land Agents, 67 and 68, Cheapside,
London, E.C.

Leamington.

CLEARANCE SALE of NURSERY STOCK, GREENHOUSE
PLANTS. GLASS ERECTIONS, &c, by order of Messrs.
Wills & Son, who are retiring from the Business.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, the
Nur.-ery, Milverton, Leamington, adjoining the Milvertou
Station, L. & N. W. Ry., on FRIDAY, October 11, at 12 o'Clock
precisely, without reserve, the whole of the well known NUR-
SERY STOCK, including a great variety of Border Shrubs,
Specimen Cedrus deodara. Hardy Ferns in variety, 3000 Her-
baceous Plants; Greenhouse Plants, consisting of Ferns
Epacris, Heaths, Camellias, &c. ; Succulent Plants, the
ERECTIONS of 5 GREENHOUSES, PITS, HOT-WATER :
PIPING, BOILERS, BRICKWORK, TOOLS, 2 LAWN- I
MOWERS, and other Effects.

May be viewed any day prior to the Sale. Catalogues .1
obtained on the Premises, and of the Auctioneers and Valuers
67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C.

Sunningdale.

WITHOUT RESERVE.
Six days' absolute CLEARANCE SALE of 30 Acres of beauti-
fully-grown and thriving young NURSERY STOCK, by
order of Mr. C. Noble, who has unexpectedly received from
St. John's College, Cambridge, peremptory notice to quit
all lands held under them. Important to Noblemen,
Gentlemen, Builders, Nurserymen, and others.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, The Nurseries,
Sunningdale, Berks, close to the Sunningdale Railway Station,
on MONDAY, October 14, and five following days, at 12 o'Clock
precisely each day, without the least reserve, about 30 acres of
beautifully- grown NURSERY STOCK, carefully prepared for
removal, including 30,000 Rhododendrons, 1 foot to 7 feet,
many of them handsome specimens of the best-najned kinds;
aud 1000 Standard Rhododendrons of the finest named varieties,
the whole comprising such a stock probably never before offered i
by Auction ; 50,000 Laurels, of sorts, 1 foot to 4 feet ; 100,000 .
Conifers in various sizes, including many fine specimens;
Aucubas, several thousands of Ornamental Trees, particularly I
suitable for Avenue, Park, or Street planting; a very fine col- '
lection of 5000 Standard and Pyramid Fruit Trees, 5000 named |
Gooseberries, thousands of American Plants, 50,000 Berberis for
cover planting, and other Stock.

May be viewed any day, Sunday excepted, prior to the |
Sale. Catalogues may be had on the Premises, and of the
Auctioneers, Land Agents, and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, i
London, E.C.

Luncheon will be provided for intending purchasers, and ;
arrangements can be made with Mr. Noble to lift and forward i
any lots to all parts of the kingdom, in respect of labour
incurred and material used.

Tne Salisbury Road and Avenue Nursery, WUlesden
LANE, N.w.

Large quantity of GENERAL NURSERY STOCK, and 15,000
PALMS.

ESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are ;

U1L instructed by Mr. J. B. Goubert, to SELL by AUCTION, i
on the Premises, on TUESDAY and WEDNESDAY, October 15 I
and 16, at 12 o'Clock each day, a large quantity of GENERAL
NURSERY STOCK, including 3000 Border Shrubs, 5000 Golden
Euonymus, 1000 large Green Euonymus, and 15,000 beautifully ',
grown PALMS, including 6000 Corypha Australis, 5000 Latania \
Borbonica, and others.

May be viewed. Catalogues had on the Premises; and of !
the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C:

Isleworth.

SPECIAL ANNUAL TRADE SALE of thousands of beauti- :
fully grown Golden EUONYMUS and young CONIFERS,
for immediate potting, window boxes, or for growing on,
by order of Messrs. Charles Lee & Son.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, the Wood Lane '
Nursery, Isleworth, on MONDAY, October 21, at 12 o'Clock, i
5000 of the best Silver and Golden EUONYMUS, splendidly
coloured; 1000 AUCUBAS, 1 foot to 3 feet; 500 AZALEA
MOLLIS; 1000 Standard Apples, of the best sorts ; thousands
of various CONIFERS for potting and planting out.

May be viewed any day prior to the Sale. Catalogues
obtained on the Premises ; at the Royal Vineyard Nursery, 2,
Hammersmith Road, W. ; and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68,
Cheapside, E.C.

Preliminary Notice.

The well-known Collection of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS,
formed by the late C. J. Partington, Esq., of Heaton
House, Cheshunt, and including undoubtedly the finest lot
of Phalsenopsis that has been offered for many years.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS beg
to announce that they have been favoured with
instructions to prepare for SALE by AUCTION, on
OCTOBER 22 and 23, the above well-known Collection of .
ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, including an exceptionally fine
lot of Phalaenopsis, the whole of the plants being remarkably
well grown, acd in excellent condition. The Collection also
includes a very fine batch of Cattleya Mendelii, five plants of
C. Gaskelliana alba, C. Mossiee, a splendid lot of Masdevallias,
and others.

Further particulars will appear in future announcements.
Catalogues are now in course of preparation.
67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C.

Exeter.

SIX DAYS UNRESERVED SALE of particularly well-growD

NURSERY STOCK.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Messrs. Lucombe, Pince &. Co., who are
relinquishing the business, to SELL by AUCTION, on the
Premises, the Exeter Nursery, Exeter, on MONDAY, Octo-
ber 28, and five following days, at half-past 12 o'Clock 'pre-
cisely each day, without theslightest reserve, the First Portion
of the extensive NURSERY STOCK, presenting to Gentlemen
and the Trade largely engaged in planting, a splendid oppor-
tunity of securing acres of well-assorted and thriving young
stock ; also 15,000 GREENHOUSE PLANTS, including ;3,000
well-grown Ericas, 1,500 Camellias and Azaleas, and other
Stock.

May be viewed any day prior to the Sale. Catalogues may
be had on the Premises, [and of the Auctioneers, 67 . and 68,
'Cheapside, London, E.C, ,

September 28, 1889.]

THE GA ED ENER 8' CHR ONI CL E.

347

/merican Nurseries, Bagshot, Surrey.

PRELIMINARY NOTICE.

EXTENSIVE SALE of SURPLUS NURSERY STOCK. Highly

important to the Trade and Gentlemen engaged in Planting.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are

iLVl instructed by Messrs. J. Waterer & Sons to SELL by
UJCTION, on the Premises, the American Nurseries, Bagshot,
Surrey, EARLY in NOVEMBER, nn unusually large quantity
>f attractive NURSERY STOCK, in grand condition tor

' Full particulars will be announced shortly.

Eltham.

ilRFAT UNRESERVED CLEARANCE SALE of over 20 Acres
of remarkably well grown and thriving NURSERY STOCK,
by order of Mr. Todman, in consequence of the expiration
of the Leases, to be Sold by

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS, on

1V1 the Premises of the Eltham Nursery, Eltham, Kent,
I mile from the Eltham Railway Station, on MONDAY,
November 18, 1889, and following days, at 12 o'clock punctually
i'nch day without reserve, the whole of the unusually well
-rown NURSERY STOCK, extending over 20 Acres, now in

!'xcellent condition for removal.
Fuller particulars will appear in due course.
Nursery Stock Sales.

important to Noblemen, Gentlemen, Landscape Gardeners,
Builders, and others, engaged in planting during the
i coming season.

AlESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS

iVX desire to call attention to their SALES of NURSERY

iTOCK, which have been fixed as follows, in addition to those
dvertised in this day's paper : —

')CT. 22 and 23.— At the NURSERY, Loughborough Road,
Brixton, by crder of Messrs. Ponsford & Son.

;)CT. 24 and 25— At the HICKMANDIA NURSERY, Knock-
holt, near Sevenoaks, by order of Mr. W. Dale.

X!T. 30 and 31.— At the GOLDSMITH PARK NURSERIES,
Groombridge, near Tunbridge Wells, by order of Mr.
E. Hollamby.

| )CT. 28 and 29.— At the HARROW NURSERY, Harrow, by
order of Mr. E. T. Chamberlain, who is retiring from
the business, the valuable Freehold Nursery or Building
Estate, and the whole of the Nursery Stock.

NOV. 1.— At the NURSERY, Upper Tooting Park, Balhani, by
order of Mr. J. R. Box.

NOV 5.— At the HALE FARM NURSERIES, Tottenham, by
order of Mr. T. S. Ware.

NOV. 11 and 12.— At the AMERICAN NURSERIES, Leyton-
stone.

Dates not yet fixed.

At the NURSERY, Manor Lane, Lee— two days' Sale.

it the NURSERIES, West Wickham— three days' Sale.

U the NURSERY, Brockley— one day's Sale.

U the NURSERY, Marsh Gate, Richmond— one day's Sale.

MESSRS. WESTON and SON will SELL
by AUCTION, at the Nurseries, Wiltshire Road, and
; The Grove, Brixton, on WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY, Oct.
vi and 3, at 12 o'Clock each day, the whole of the well-selected,
leanly -grown and very healthy STOCK of a NURSERYMAN
*md FLORIST, comprising -10,000 Stove and Greenhouse
Dlants, Dracrena, Adiantum, Aralia treboldii, Cordyline,
'audanus Yeitchii phoenix, and other Palms and Ferns, Stove
t nd Furnishing Plants, Azaleas, Ferns, Zuccas, assortments of
1,000 Ferns, 2,000 Forest, Fruit, and Lime Trees, Willows,
fountain Ash, 10,000 Laurels, Rhododendrons, Privets,
iVcacias, Laburnums, Thorns, Sycamores, Evergreens, and
Jeciduous Shrubs, and other varieties; Greenhouse fittings,
uoilers, old iron, span-roof greenhouse 12ft. by 8ft., garden
•oilers, and various effects. On view two days prior.

Catalogues of the Auctioneers, 3, 5, and 7, Angell Road,
Brixton, and 252, Brixton Hill, S.W.

MR. HENRY THOMAS is instructed by the
administrator of the late Honorable and Reverend J.
irownshend Boscawen to SELL by AUCTION at the Rectory,
(Lamoran, Cornwall, on THURSDAY, October 3, 1889, the rare
I ind valuable COLLECTION of ORCHIDS, RHODODENDRONS,
1CAMELLIAS, FERNS, AMARYLLIS, ROSES, DAPHNES,
llAZALEAS, CYCLAMENS, CACTUS, and other plants ; also
|IGARDEN FRAMES, TOOLS, FLOWER POTS. &c.

The Auctioneer desires the particular attention of Gentle-
'Imen Florists', Nurserymen, and others, to this unique sale of
valuable Plants, the late proprietor havingimported hisSeeds,
.Roots, &c., from the very best sources, and exercised the
(greatest care in their cultivation ; affording an exceptional
opportunity to those desirous of acquiring rare and valuable
ipecimens.

Catalogues to be obtained of the Auctioneer, 1, Cathedral
.Lane, and Tolganick, Truro.

Kensington, W.

1CAMPDEN HOUSE NURSERY, CAMPDEN HOUSE ROAD.

MR. H. ROW has received instructions from
Mr. David Ayres, to SELL, by AUCTION, on the
Premises, on TUESDAY, October 15, at 2 o'Clock (unless
disposed of by private treaty), the VALUABLE LEASE, hav-
ing 5^ years to run from Michaelmas, 1889, at the low rent of
,£30 per annum, together with the GOODWILL and PLANT
of that Old-established FLORIST and NURSERYMAN'S
BUSINESS carried on by him for many years past, comprising
several ranges of Glasshouses, Horse and Van, a large assort-
ment of Plants, Garden Tools, and Miscellaneous Effects.

Catalogues, full particulars, and orders to View of the Auc-
tioneer, 1a, Kensington High Street, W.

Nursery Stock. — West 'Wickham, Kent.

Under Bill of Sale, and by order of Trustee.
AUCTION SALE of about 40,000 well-grown FOREST and
FRUIT TREES, CONIFER, AUCUBAS, specimen WEL-
LINGTONIA, border and pot SHRUBS, about 10,000
Standard and Dwarf ROSES, &c.

MR. W. LEYENS will SELL the above, on
THURSDAY, October 31, 1889, and two following days,
'ut 11 for 12 o'Clock each day.

I Catalogues on the Premises, and of the Auctioneer, Railway
/Bridge, Beckenham ; and aho at 6, Kirkdale, Sydenham, S.E.
i N.B. West Wickham Station is on the South-Eastern Ruil-
jway, to which there are frequent trains from Charing Cross,
■Waterloo, Canuon Street, and London Bridge.

Cart House Lane Nursery, Horsell.

About 2 Miles from the Woking Station on the S.W. Railway.

SALE of exceptionally well-grown NURSERY STOCK.

TITBSSES. WATERER and SONS are in-

1Y1 structed by Mr. Richard Collyer, to SELL by AUCTION,
upon the Premises, as above, on MONDAY, October 7, and
two following days, at 11 for 12 o'Clock precisely each day, the
well-grown NURSERY STOCK on the above Land, comprising
a great variety of very fine Ornamental Evergreen Trees and
Shrubs, 3000 Variegated, Green, Standard, and other Hollies,
3 to 8 feet ; 80,000 Seedling ditto, 25,000 Yews, from 2 to 7 feet ;
120,000 strong 3-yr. old Quick, 20UO Spruce Fir, 3 feet ; 1500
Thuja Lobbii, from 4 to 7 feet; Cupressus Lawsoniana and
erecta, Thujopsis picea, Retinospora, Aucuba, Laurels, Privet,
Rhododendrons, Deutzia, Weigela syringa, Double Scarlet
Thorns, and other flowering Shrubs. Forest Trees, Fruit Trees.

f^ ARDEN WANTED, to Lease or Buy, an

VU~ acre or an acre and a half of Ground. Orchard with
Cottage preferred. Not more than 40 minutes from London on
either Waterloo or Victoria lines. With or without Glass.
GARDEN, 29, Ashley Place, S.W.

FOR SALE, a Plot of BUILDING LAND,
with 3 Greenhouses, 100 feet each, 1 do. 25 feet ; all
heated with Hot water. Price for Freehold, including Stock,
£400. £150 can remain at 5 per cent. Particulars of
W. WELLS, Earlswood, Redhill, Surrey.

To Florists and Others.

TO BE SOLD, FREEHOLD, adjoining the
village of Old Southgate, N. The Property consists of
about 4^ acres of well cultivated Land, plenty of room for
glass, a Cottage with 8 rooms on same floor, and Stabling, &c. ;
also brick-built Cottage. Apply to owner. Price £2100.
J. WARD, 20, Newgate Street, E.C.

FOR SALE, a MANURE MANUFACTUR-
ING BUSINESS, in London. Old Established; Non-
offensive. Capital opening for energetic man with £300, fond
of travelling. Good connection. Every facility given to
Purchaser.— Apply to AMAND and NUNN, 27, Red Lion
Square, Holborn, W.C.

TO FLORISTS.— Handsome Frontage, Green
and Stovehouses at back, and large Yard, 59 by 30. Main
thoroughfare, Lee, S.E. No Premium required, or Stock to be
taken to. Rent, on Lease, fifteen years, £40 first year, £45
second year, and £50 for remainder.

Apply to Messrs. DYER, SON, and HILTON, 33, Walbrook,
E.C, and Blackheath (3154).

SEED and FLORIST'S BUSINESS, Old-
established, in a well-known Market Town of the West
of England. R nt only £4u. Takings good. Satisfactory
reasons for disposal. Cash required about £400.

Apply, EDWARD T. PARKER, 39, Broad Street, Bristol.

TO LET, 2J Acres of GARDEN GROUND,
well stocked with Fruit Trees, Small Shrubs, and
Asparagus Beds, in rows 2000 feet in length.

H. C. NEAME, Birchington-on-Sea, Westgate-on-Sea.

rPO BE LET, on Lease, about 2 acres of pro-

JL ductive NURSERY LAND, with Stabling, Outbuildings,

and about 13,500 super, feet of Glass. About 5 minutes walk

from Waltham Cross Station, Great Eastern Railway. Apply to

E. A. H., Queen Anne's Lodge, Waltham Cross. N.

Landscape Gardening.
\ RTHUR M. KETTLEWELL (late of

.CX. St. John's College, Oxford), is willing to undertake the
Laying-out of Ornamental Grounds, Gardens, Parks, Cemeteries,
&c. For some time under the supervision of one of the first
Landscape Gardeners in England. Excellent testimonials.
Charities, half commission. —Address, Titley House, Titley,
R.S.O., Herefordshire.

ARIE LOUISE VIOLETS. — Strong

Clumps, ready for framework, 12s. per 100.
H. EASTY, Prospect Nursery, Sudbury, Suffolk.

Camellias, Azaleas, Rhododendrons, Palms, Orchids,

&c. Plants grown specially for English use.

CVUYLSTEKE, Nubseryman,
• Loochristy, Ghent, Belgium.

Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and may be had,
free on application to
Messrs. K. SILBERRAD and SON, 25, Savage Gardens,
Crutched Friars, London, E.C.

FOR SALE, 100 TEA ROSES, from 2 to 5 ft.,
best sorts, 2s. id. to 7s. id. each, or offer for the lot.
Stamford Hill Nursery, N.

PALMS. — Leading deoorative sorts in many
sizes, great quantities, and in finest health.
FRANCIS R. KTNGHORN, Nurseryman, Richmond, Surrey;
and Flower Market, Covent Garden, W.C.

The New Early Dessert Apple.
POOLING'S BEAUTY OF BATH should

\^J be added to every collection. It is the best flavoured
and handsomest early Apple yet introduced, and will be indis-
pensable as an early Dessert Fruit when it becomes known.
Strong Maiden Trees, 2s. id. each, 24s. per dozen; 2-yr. Trees,
3s. <id. each, 36s. p. dozen; Pyramids, 5s. each ; Dwarf Trained,
7s. id. each.

Full description in Fruit Tree LIST, free by post.
GEO. COOLING and SONS, The Nurseries, Bath.

ARBOR-VIT^E (American), for immediate
effect, 6 to 9 ft., well furnished. Will form a hedge at once.
—Price on application to H. APPLEBY, Nurseryman, Dorking.

TRAW BERRY PLANTS.

NOBLE, grand plants, 10s. per 100.
A. F. BARRON, 20s. per 100.
OXONIAN (late, very fine), 4s. per 100.
PAXTON'S, NAPIER'S, and THURY'S, 4s. per 100.
Best Plants in the Trade.
R. GILBERT, High Park, Stamford,

BMALLER and SONS beg to offer to the
• Trade a very extensive and unusually well grown stock
of ERICAS (hyemalis and other varieties), EPACRIS, SOLA-
NUMS, GENISTAS, BOUVARDIAS, ADIANTUM CUNE-
ATUM, and other Ferns, GARDENIAS, STEPHANOTIS,
GREVILLEAS, TEA ROSES (in pots), BORONIA MEGAS-
TIGMA, VINES (in pots), &c. An inspection is invited.
Trade CATALOGUES forwarded on application.
Burnt Ash Lane Nurseries, Lee, S.E.

SEED S.- CROP 1889.

TO THE TRADE.

We shall be pleased to make Special Prices for

PEAS, BEANS, ONIONS, &c,

on receipt of requirements.
HOWCROFT and WATKTNS, Wholesale Seed Merchants,
Hart Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C.

ISAAC DAVIES & SON'S

NEW CATALOGUE Of GENERAL NURSERY STOCK

Is now ready, and will be forwarded gratis on application.

Their HARDY RHODODENDRONS are unusually fine bushy

plants, covered with flower-buds. The SWEET-SCENTED

RHODODENDRONS, and other Greenhouse varieties, are also

well-budded. The AZALEA MOLLIS, and other choice kinds,

are a mass of flower-buds. Early orders are respectfully solicited.

ORMSKTRK, LANCASHIRE.

Plant Now,

SUTTON'S
ROMAN HYACINTHS.

Single White, fine bulbs, 2s. p. doz. ; lis. p. 100.
SUTTON & SONS, BEADING, BERKS.

For Green and Blaclr. Fly, American Blight. Camellia

Scale, Red Spider, Mealy Bug, Brown and White Scale,
Worms, Wood Lice, &c.

^ DTPDUM A " THE UNIVERSAL
rlOKCillAj INSECTICIDE.

SAFE— ECONOMICAL— EFFECTUAL.

15, Princes Street, Edinburgh, July 15, 1887.— "Dear
Sirs, I have thoroughly tested a sample of a new Insecticide
which you were so good to send me. At the rate of 1 oz. to a
gallon of water at a temperature of 95° I find it kills Green
Fly immediately. Double this strength, or 2 oz. to a gallon at
120°, seals the fate of Scale of all sorts in a few seconds;
while 3 oz. to gallon at same temperature effectually dissolves
Mealy Bug, and &o far as I have yet observed, without the
slightest injury to leaf or flower, and it is withal a most
agreeable compound to work with. All our insect remedies
are applied through common syringe, or garden engine, a much
severer test of efficiency than when applied by hand- washing
or (-pray.— I remain, dear sirs, yours truly. (Signed) A.
MACKENZIE," of Messrs. Methven & Sons.

Sold by Chemists, Nurserymen, and Florists,
in Bottles at Lf. 6d.t 2s. 6rf., and 3s. 6rf. ; in Tins (1 and 2
gallons), 10s. 6d. and 20s. each ; in quantities of 5 gallons and
upwards, 9s. per gallon.

Prepared only by

DUNCAN, FLOCKHART & CO., Chemists to the Queen

Edinburgh.

May be had from B. S. WILLIAMS, Victoria and Paradise
Nurseries, Upper Holloway, London ; and from

WILLIAM EDWARDS and SON, 157, Queen Victoria
Street, London.

GARDEN
REQUISITES.

Two Pbixe Mepals.

Quality, THE BEST In the Market. (All sacks included.)

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process),
sacks. Is. id. each ; 10 sacks, 12s. 6d.; 15sacks,17s.6rf., SOsacks,
20s. ; 25 sacks, 24s. j 30 sacks, 27s. ; 40 saeks, 35s. ; 50 sacks,
40s! ; Truck-load, loose, free on rail, 30s. Limited quantities
of G., special quality, granulated in sacks only, 2s. id. each.

GENUINE OKCHID FEAT, 8s. id. per sack ; 5 sacks, 40s. ;
BEST BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. per sack ; 5 for 22s. 6a.
BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 4s. id. per sack ; 5 for 20s.
COARSE SILVER SAND, Is. id. per bushel ; 14s. half tou ;
24s per ton. Yellow Fibrous Loam. Compost. Leaf and Peat
Mould, Is. per bushel. Tobacco Cloth or Paper, Is. per lb.
Special Manures, Peat-Moss Litter, Crushed Bones, Virgin
Cork, &c, &c. Write for Price List.

Terms strictly Cash with order.
CHUBB, ROUND & CO., West Ferry Road, Millwall,

London B. Bankers— Union Bank of London.

348

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 28, 1889.

is2s? BULBS

FLOWERING

iiii.iiniiiiiiiiiii iiiiiniiiii

HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUSES,
SNOWDROPS, NARCISSI, LILLIES, &c.

IN GREAT VARIETY.

tS'Best Qualities only. tSTrices most moderate.
Descriptive Priced Catalogue (No. 36:$)

. POST FREE ON APPLICATION.

The Royal Nurseries

and
Seed Establishments

DlCKSONS

Chester.

(Limited),

JERSEY FRUIT TREES AND ROSES.

Carriage Paid. Strong healthy trees, the finest that money can

buy. Roses wonderfully cheap. Cordons a specialite. Before

ordering be sure to write for our Illustrated CATALOGUES.

JOSHUA LE CORNU and SON, High View Nurseries.

DUTCH BULBS.

HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUSES, SPIRAEA,

LILY OF THE VALLEY— all strong clumps,

and GLADIOLUS Brenchleyensis and Gandaven9is,

first size bulbs — all very low prices.

Apply to P. van TIL Jz. & CO., Florists,

HILLEGOM, near HAAELEM, HOLLAND.

DUTCH BULBS CHEAP !

FRENCH BULBS CHEAP !

ENGLISH BULBS CHEAP !

See our Special Wholesale Catalogue of Bulbs,

Containing List of all the best varieties of HYACINTHS,

TULIPS, CROCUS, LILIUMS, DAFFODILS, SNOWDROPS,

IRIS, &c, &c, free on application.

Please compare our Prices before sending your Orders abroad.

WATKINS & SIMPSON,

Seed and Bulb Merchants,

Exeter Street, Strand, London, W.C.

JARMAN'S

BULBS,

ROSES,

FRUIT TREES, &c.

Illustrated Catalogue post-free on application.

JARMAN & CO.,

CHARD, SOMERSETSHIRE.

ORCHIDS.

BRAZILIAN ORCHIDS

offered to the Trade in large or small quantities upon the most

advantageous terms.

Particulars and CATALOGUES on application to

A. H. GRIMSDITCH, 5, Clayton Square, Liverpool.

Sole Agent for Senhor Carlos Travassos, Rio de Janeiro.

NICE, CLEAN,

GARDENIA

HEALTHY,

PLANTS,

for Winter Flowering,

in 32-pots, 12s. per dozen, packing free.

CASH WITH ORDER.

MARSHALL BROS. & CO.,

BARNHAM, BOGNOR.

STRAWBERRIES.

StroDg Roots, 4s. per 100. Plants in small pot", 165. per 100 ;
ditto, in large pots, 25s. per 100. Descriptive LIST free.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants,
Worcester.

CUTBUSH'S MILL-
TRACK MUSHROOM SPAWN.

— Too well known to require descrip-
tion. Price 6s. per bushel (Is. extra
per bushel for package), or 6d. per
cake ; free by parcel post, Is.

None genuine unless in sealed pack-
ages and printed cultural directions
enclosed, with our signature attached.

WM. CUTBUSH AND SON,
Nurserymen and Seed Merchants,
Highgate Nurseries, N.

PANSIES!— PANSIES!
From my unrivalled stock of Gems, which can be had
from 4s., 6s . 9s.. and 12s. per dozen plants. Cuttings half the
price. Note. — The varieties I shall send are such as I have
gained several Gold and Silver Medals throughout the United
Kingdom, and also secured the 1st prize for'the best twenty-
four blooms at Glasgow Autumn Show, September 4, 1889.
Pansy Cuttings in finest colours for bedding, 24 for 2s.;
24 rooted plants, 4s. This season's Seed, Is. and 2s. 6rf. per
packet. My Treatise on the Pansy, Id. ; cloth, Is. Id.
ALEX. LISTER, Pansy Specialist, Rothesay.

FOR SALE, a COLLECTION of ORCHIDS,
of 50 Plants, 34 different species, an follows :— Arundina
bambusiefolia, Angreecum, Bulbophyllum, Calanthe, Coelia,
Ccelogyne oscellata, C.parishii, Cypripedium, CymbidiumLow-
ianum, Dendrobiums (chrysanthemum, densiflorum, nobile
pendulum, pulchellum, and Wardianum),Eria, Gongora Loddi-
gesi, Lycaste, Odontoglossum, Oncidium, Pholidota, Sacco-
labium guttatum, Stanhopea, Zygopetalum, also 2 Oberonias. —
Particulars and price of C, 46, Russell Road, Kensington, W.

EVERGREENS for IMMEDIATE
EFFECT.
CUPRESSUS LAWSONTI, 6 to 8 feet.

,. ERECTA VIRIDIS, 4 to 5 feet, 5 to 6 feet, and 6 to 8 feet.
LIGUSTRUM OVALIFOLIUM, 4 to 5 feet.
THUIA OCCIDENTALIS, 5 to 6 feet, and 6 to 8 feet.

„ LOBBII, 6 to 8 feet, and 8 to 10 feet.
THUJOPSIS BOREALIS, 6 to 8 feet, and 8 to 10 feet.
YEWS, English, 5 to 6 feet, and 6 to 8 feet.

,, Irish, 6 to 7 feet.

The above have all been regularly transplanted, and are in
fine condition for removal.

JNO. JEFFERIES and SON, Royal Nurseries, Cirencester.

BULBS FOR EARLY
FORCING.

White ROMAN HYACINTHS, first quality bulbs, carefully
selected, 2s. 6d. per dozen ; 185. 6d. per 1 JO.

NARCISSUS, paper White, Is. 3d. per dozen ; 7s. per 100.
Double Roman, Is. 3d. per dozen ; 7s. per 100.

Descriptive CATALOGUE of Dutch and other Bulbs, post-
free on application.

RICHARD SMITH and CO., Seed Merchants, Worcester.

BULBS— BULBS— BULBS.— Our early im-
portations are now to hand in first-rate condition. Roman
Hyacinths, splendid, 14s. to 16s. per 100. Polyanthus Narcissus,
Paper White, 5s. per 100; Early Roman, 6s. per 100; Grand
Primo, 6s. 6d. per 100. Garden Hyacinths, 10s. per 100; Pot
kinds, 2s. <od. per dozen; first size, finest quality for show, 4s.
to 6s. per dozen. Garden Narcissus, a specialty, most of the
varieties Home grown. Iris hispanica, this lovely gem, Is. 6rf.
per 100. CATALOGUES free.

Orders despatched promptly.
J. R. PEARSON and SONS, Chilwell Nurseries, Notts.

EMS" — "GEMS" — "GEMS"

of Choice Stove Plants.

OXERA PULCHELLA — dense clusters, 8 to 10 inches
across, of pure white, funnel-shaped flowers, about 2 inches
long and 1 inch across. Flowers in winter very lasting,
graceful and beautiful. 5s.

SCHUBERTIA GRANDLFLOR A— flowers white with de-
lightful, almond-like fragrance, produced in large trusses,
similar to Stephanotis. Excellent for cutting. 2s. 6d. and 3s. Gd.

STEPHANOTIS FLORIBUNDA— the finest variety in cul-
tivation, and freest bloomer, flowering at every joint, and
blooms in a lower temperature than any other variety we
know. Is., Is. 6d., 2s. 6d., 3s. 6d., 5s.; and fine specimens,
21s., 31s. Qd., and 40s. each.

STIGMAPHYLLUM CLLIATUM (Golden Vine) — flowers
rich orange, similar to the lovely Orchid Oncidium flexuosum.
Very distinct. 2s. 6rf. each.

TOXICOPHL^EA SPECTABILIS (Winter Sweet) — large
dense sprays of white flowers, sweetly perfumed. Beautiful
winter- flowering plant. 2s. &d. and 3s. 6rf. each.

GLONERA J AS MINI FLORA— one of the most beautiful
white-flowering plants foreither cutting or decoration. Blooms
in the winter or early spring, and worthy of a place in the
most select collection. 2s. 6d. and 3s. 6d.

CATALOGUES of these, and all you want for a Garden free,
by post from

WM. CLIBRAN AND SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham ;
10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.

The Best Present for a Gardener.
INES and VINE CULTURE.

The most complete and exhaustive Treatise on

Grapes and their Culture ever published.

New Edition.

Price 5s., post-free 5s. 8d.

A. F. BARRON, Royal Horticultural Society, Chiswick.

CPECIAL OFFER of FERNS for CASH.—

kJ Extra strong, in thumbs, for immediate Potting, in the
following varieties : — Pteris cretica, tremula, cretica cristata,
albi lineata, hastata, serrulata, cristata coni pacta, A. cuneatum,
and an extra finelotofLomariagibbaand Doryopteris palmata.
Also a fine lot, in 48's, Pteris cretica, cretica cristata, serru-
lata cristata compacts,, Polypodiuni, Dicksonia antarctica,
Greville robusta, and Aralia Sieboldi.

Price for thumbs per 100 or 1000, and 48's per 100 on application.

In-pection invited by

R. PENGELLY, Dyson's Lane, Upper Edmonton.

OA AAA CLEMATIS, in Pots, of all the

\J\Ji}\J\s\J finest Double and Single Varieties (some
of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of
every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for
climbing and bedding, from 12s. to 24s. per dozen, strong
plants; extra strong plants, repotted into 5J-inch pots, 2s &d.
each ; Bjauty of Worcester, a magnificent purple, excellent
for bedding, recently sent out by us, reduced price 2s. 6d. each.
Descriptive LISTon application.— RICHARD SMITH AND CO.,
Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester.

NOTICE.
Suttons New Trade Marks.

"WINDSOR CASTLE" (words alone).
Trade Mark, No. 90,955.
Lodged, June 20, 1889.

WINDSOR CASTLE (Device).
Trade Mark, No. 90,956.
Lodged, June 20, 1889.

As applied to all Seeds for Agricultural and
Horticultural Purposes.

SUTTON & SONS,

THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN, READING.

LARGE IRISH BEACONSFIELD
YELLOW PRIMROSE SEED, for naturalisation and I
exportation. New crop, 1889, just gathered, in fine condition, j
per lb., 50s.; £ lb., 27s. 6d. ; 4 ounces, 15s. ; ounce, 5s. Also j
rare Daffodil seed and Glory of the Snow, in trade packets, ,
2s. 6d. and 5s. each.— WM. BAYLOR HARTLAND, Old-
established Seed Warehouse, 24, Patrick Street, Cork.

*** Trade offer for his " Soleil d'Or " Sunflower, and mime- '
diate orders for spring delivery in strong Stuff. The character j
of this plant is now fully established. See Advertisement in
" H. A." next week. A box of specimen blooms for six stamps. \

AMAZONIAN ORCHIDS. — Collections of
1 dozen good-sized flowering plants, established generally ]
on blocks. Cattleyas superba splendens, El Dorado (in variety),
luteola, Coryanthes, Scuticaria, Galeandras, Paphinias, Epi- :
dendrum, Oncidium, Stanhopea eburnea, Rodriguezia, |
Schomburgkia, Brassias, Brassavolas, Catasetums, Sobralias, i
Gongoras.

Delivered at Liverpool at steamer for £6 per dozen. Freight '
and packing free. All orders must contain draft for amount ,
on Para" Branch of English Bank of Rio de Janeiro (Loudon I
Office, 2a, Moorgate Street, E.C.), to which Bank reference is '
made.

C. E. HERBERT and CO., Para", Brazil.
Caixa no correio 151.

RAPE VINES. — Planting and Fruiting |

Canes of the leading kinds. Price LIST free.
WILL TAYLER, Osborn Nursery, Hampton, Middlesex.

DUTCH and other FLOWER ROOTS, at
Moderate Prices. HYACINTHS, Red, Blue, White, or
Yellow, 2s. per dozen. Orders, value 5s., carriage paid. Price
LIST gratis and rxHt-free.

B. L. COLEMAN, Seed Merchant, Sandwich. Kent.

HARTLAND'S GOLDEN QUILLED
DOUBLE PERENNIAL SUNFLOWER —Now is the :
time to ask for a sixpenny box of Specimen Blooms, to prevent j
any hitherto implied imposition, and get orders booked for
November delivery. Within the entire range of hardy i
perennials. There is nothing finer. Its colour and floret-
formation in appearance like an immense bloom of Madame
Damage Chrysanthemum, or the very finest form of orange J
African Marigold. Quit* distinct.

Plants at fall, Is. Gd. each, with 3d. extra to cover postage.
W. BAYLOR HARTLAND, Seedsman, Cork.

FRUIT TREES-FRUIT TREES.

HUGH LOW & CO.

Offer of good quality, and will esteem favour of Orders:— '
APPLES.— Dwarf Maidens, Dwarf Trained, 2-yr. Untrimmed,

Standards.
CHERRIES. — Dwarf Maidens, Dwarf Trained, 2-yr. Un-
trimmed, Pyramids, Standards.
PEARS. — Dwarf Maidens, Dwarf Trained, Pyramids, Standard*. •
PLUMS.— Dwarf Maidens, Dwarf Trained, 2-yr. Untrimmed,

Pyramids, Standards.
DAMSONS FARLEIGH PROLIFIC.-Dwarf Maidens, Pyra-
mids, Standards.
PEACHES and NECTARINES. — Dwarf Maidens, Dwarf
Trained, Standards, Standard Trained.
Quantity Large. — Quality Good.— Prices Moderate.
Inspection Invited.
Bush Hill Park Nuraery, Enfield.

ROSES IN POTS;

all the best New and Old English and Foreign

sorts, from 18s. to 36s. per dozen.

Descriptive LIST Free on application.

RICHARD SMITH & CO.,

Nurserymen and Seed Merchants,

WORCESTER.

September 2S, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

349

WEBBS'

COLLECTIONS

BULBS

CONSIST OF THE FINEST
SELECTED

HYACINTHS,

TULIPS, CROCUS,

LILIES, SHOW-

DROPSJtc.

From Mr. G. H. GREEN,

Gardener to the Right Hon.
the Countess of Stamford,
Enville Hall: — " I never saw
any (Hyacinths) do better or
produce finer trusses : they
were admired by all who saw
them."

Prices, 5s., 7s. 6d., 10s. 6d., 15s., 21s., 42s., 63s.
and 105s. each ; Carriage Free.
FIVE PER CENT. DISCO ONT FOR CASH.

For full particulars of Contents of these Boxes, and
Lists of the Best Bulbs of the Season, see

WEBBS' BULB CATALOCUE,

Beautifulh/ Illustrated : Gratis and Post-free.

Seedsmen by Royal Warrants to H.M. the Queen
and H.R.H. the Prince of Wales,

WORDSLEY, STOURBRIDGE.

CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON,
and BUSH HILL PARK, ENFIELD.

The GLASS STRUCTURES cover an area of upwards of

315,000 feet.

EjtGHTY HOUSES DEVOTED TO CULTURE OF

ORCHIDS, PALMS, and FERNS.

Immense quantities of Winter and Spring Flowering

Plants in variety, Ornamental Foliaged Plants, Fruit

Trees, Grape Vines, Roses, Shrubs, &c.

Inspection of the Stock invited.

HUGH LOW AND CO.

20 0
30 0

30
7
6

STRAWBERRY
PLANTS.

We have a grand stock of Straivberry
Plants noxo ready, including all the choicest
varieties, which we offer in strong prepared
runners, Carriage Free. Per 100

LAXTON'S NOBLE, the superb new early, the s. d.

best variety yet sent out ... per doz., 3s.
A. F. BARRON, splendid new mid-season

variety per doz., 5s.

COMMANDER, very fine, new sort, of splendid

flavour per doz., 5s.

WATERLOO, superb dark crimson ... per doz., Is.
THE CAPTAIN, fine new prolific ... per doz.. Is.

The following at 9d. per doz., or 5s. per 100 : —
AUGTJSTE NICAISE, PRESIDENT,
BRITISH QUEEN, LOXFORD HALL SEEDLING,
DR. HOGG, THE AMATEUR.

JAMES VEITCH, FROGMORE LATE PINE,

and many others.
100 in 10 choice varieties, our selection, 5s. Qd.
1000 in 10 „ _ „ ,, „ 35s.

LILIUM HARRISSI (the Bermuda Easter Lily). Long
• pure white deliciously scented trumpet flowers, superb

variety for forcing. Potted now may be had in bloom

at Christmas and the new year.
Fine selected bulbs, per doz., 7s. Qd. ; per 100, 56s.
Extra fine bulbs, 7 to 9 inches in circumference, per doz.,

10s. &d. ; per 100, 80s.

Our CATALOGUE of Dutch Flower
Soots, Roses, Fruit Trees, $c, is now ready,
and may be had free on application.

DANIELS BROS.,

TOWN CLOSE NURSERIES,

NORWICH.

Veitch's Hyacinths
for exhibition.

Selected from J. V. & Sons' Magnificent Prize Groups,

10s. 6d. per Dozen.

Veitch's Hyacinths
for pots & glasses.

J. V. & Sons' Selections of the finest and most
distinct free-blooming varieties.

6s., 7s. 6d., and 9s. per Dozen.

Veitchs Hyacinths
for bedding.

IN DISTINCT SHADES OF COLOUR.

Specially selected varieties to flower at the same time,
producing large trusses of bloom.

15s. to 22s. 6d. per 100.
2s. 3d. to 3s. per Dozen.

For details see CATALOG UE, fonoarded
Gratis and Post-free en application.

James Veitch & Sons,

Boyal Exotic Nursery,
CHELSEA, LONDON, S.W.

Direct from the Growers.

ROOZEN'S

DUTCH, CAPE, and CALIFORNIAN

BULBS.

HYACINTHS

TULIPS, CROCUS, NARCISSUS,

for Outdoor and Forcing.

IRIS, LILIES, PEONIES,
TERRESTRIAL ORCHIDS,

Gesneraceous $* Aroidaceous Plants,

and a large stock of other Miscellaneous

BULBS ^ND PLANTS.

For details of the above, see our CATALOGUE for 1889
(91 Pages in English), which will be sent Post-free on
application to our Agents, Messrs. MERTENS and CO.,
3. Cross Lane, St. Mary-at-Hill, London, E.C., or our-
selves direct.

ANT.R00ZEN&S0N,

NURSERYMEN,

OVERVEEN, haTrW HOLLAND.

As a Supplement to the

Gardeners' Chronicle

FOR

Next Week, October 5,

WILL BE

Published an Ink Photograph

Illustrative of the Flower Garden
at Halton,

THE SEAT OF ALFRED DE ROTHSCHILD, Esq.,

together with a description of the Gardens.

THE

(Sartors' d|toradt

SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 28, 1889.

CHRYSANTHEMUM SPORTS.

THE Chrysanthemum, of all our garden
flowers, seems to be the one most disposed
to " sport." The occurrence is always interesting,
and always excites surprise. In reality, however,
the change (we are now speaking of the Chry-
santhemum only) is not very great. In most,
but not in all, cases, it depends upon the non-
development of a particular tint of colour in a
certain bud, or in the assumption in that par-
ticular bud of a tint of colour different from
that of the original plant.

We have examined very many Chrysanthe-
mum " sports," and have only occasionally seen
any greater difference than that mentioned.
But the sudden change, slight though it be, is
mysterious. We know something of how it
happens, but the reason why eludes us. Why
are particular varieties more particularly subject
to it than others ? Why does the same sport
occur on different plants in various places, often
in different oountries simultaneously ? This
may be due to the oircumstances that all the
plants of a particular variety originated from a
single bud, of whose qualities they partake, and
from which they have all in turn been
propagated.

The Chrysanthemum has been orossed and re-
crossed and crossed again from time immemorial
by the Chinese and the Japanese, so that the
existing varieties are of very mixed blood indeed.
That mixed parentage has muoh to do with the
matter, is shown not only by the circumstance
that where the breed is much mixed, sporting is
common, but also by the converse fajt that
where the breed is comparatively unmixed, as in
a China Aster, or a Chinese Primrose, sporting,
in the sense of bud-variation (as distini t from
seed-variation) is very uncommon. One form of
sporting may, therefore, be reasonably attributed
to a dissooiation or unmixing of heretofoi com-
bined elements. Assuming that this is so, we
are still in the dark as to the oause of the unmix-
ing, and equally so as to the reason for its sudden
manifestation. We may compare the occurrence
to a change in the position of the kaleidoscope.

350

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 28, 1889.

Turn it ever so little, and the particles of glass
arrange themselves in a different pattern ; but
what eff eots the turn is in the case of the sports, at
present quite enigmatioal. Even Mr. W. Paul in a
memorable case to which we are about to allude,
asked " What is a sport ? " he himself being,
probably, about the best qualified person to give
an answer to the question. Let the incident
serve as an example of modesty !

Sports have something more than botanioal
interest, they are sometimes of commercial im-
portance, and they sometimes make sport for the
lawyers, as will be gathered from the lengthy
report of a case whioh we printed in our last
issue. That oase is so important, that we need
make no apology for reverting to it, and for re-
calling the principal facts.

In 1886 or 1887 a plant of G. Wermig sported
with the plaintiffs, Messrs. Hawkins & Ben-
nett, as also with Messrs. Heath & Son,
Messrs. G. Laing & Son, and Mr. Billing-
hurst. The defendant, Mr. Ware, in 1888,
procured three stools, or stock plants, from
Messrs. Heath & Son in exchange for plants of
a different kind. It may here be mentioned that
G. Wermig is a light yellow flower, stated to
have originated as a sport from the white-
flowered Madame Desgrange. From the light
yellow Wermig sprang a deeper yellow-coloured
sport, in no fewer than four localities simul-
taneously, or nearly so ; and this sport, named
Mrs. Hawkins, it was whioh has given rise to
the proceedings detailed in our last issue.

On September 11, 1888, the plaintiffs exhibited
a plant produced from their sport as a new
variety at the Royal Horticultural Society's Show
under the name of Mrs. Hawkins, and obtained a
First-olass Certificate.

On the following day they exhibited the plant
at the National Chrysanthemum Show at the
Royal Aquarium. At the same time and place
the defendant exhibited three of his plants, which
he had produced from the plants he had obtained
from Messrs. Heath & Son, and which he in-
tended to name Golden Fleece. One of these
plants was staged with the plaintiffs' plant before
the Floral Committee of the Chrysanthemum
Society, but the Certificate was, according to
Rule 5 of the regulations of the committee,
awarded to the plaintiffs because their plant
was at the time in the best condition.

As the defendant was of opinion that the
plants were identical (as was, indeed, proved
by members of the committee, and by those who
gave evidence before the arbitrators), and as he
was not aware that similar sports had been pro-
duced elsewhere, he entered into negotiations
with the plaintiffs for the purchase of their
stock under such circumstances, but they refused
to sell. The defendant, in accordance with the
custom of the trade, applied to the plaintiffs to
know when they proposed to send out their plants,
and they, on September 24, 1888, wrote to him
to say that they had finally decided to send out
their new Chrysanthemum Mrs. Hawkins early
last spring, and that they had already com-
menced operations for that purpose. The de-
fendant propagated from the three stools
obtained from Messrs. Heath & Son, and pur-
chased from them 500 cuttings, and last spring
advertised his plants very fully, by means of
circulars and catalogues under the name of Mrs.
Hawkins.

On May 22 last, the plaintiffs commenced an
action against the defendant : — (1.) For damages
for the user by the defendant of the name
description of the plant Mrs. Hawkins, as ap-
plied to a Chrysanthemum. (2.) An account of
the plants sold by the defendant under the

description, Mrs. Hawkins. (3.) For an in-
junction to restrain the user by the defendant,
his servants or agents, of the name Mrs.
Hawkins, as applied to the Chrysanthemum in
question, and from selling any Chrysanthemum
root, cutting, plant, or flower bearing that name,
or any colourable imitation thereof, and claimed
£500 for damages. (4.) For an injunction to
restrain the defendant from stating in his
catalogues as to the Golden Fleece, Mrs. Haw-
kins, or any other Chrysanthemum plant, that
he was awarded a 1st prize for the same at the
exhibition of the National Chrysanthemum
Society in September, 1888.

The defendant contended that the plants were
identical, that the statement in his circulars and
catalogues that he had been awarded a 1st prize
at the exhibition of the National Chrysanthe-
mum Society, in September, 1888, had reference
only to the prize awarded to him for the general
collection, and not to the plaintiff's plant, and
that he had simply followed the custom of the
trade in advertising and selling this plant under
the name of Mrs. Hawkins, and that the plantiffs
had not any right of action against him.

The custom of the trade and the rights of the
parties will be obtained from the evidence, given
in full in our last issue, of Mr. Holmes, the Hono-
rary Secretary to the National Chrysanthemum
Society, and of Mr. G. Wermig, Mr. W. Heath,
Mr. G. Stevens, Mr. G. Gordon, Mr. John
Maudlin, Mr. John Wright, Mr. James Walker,
Mr. John Laing, Mr. Norman Davis, and the
defendant.

It may be well to point out how advantageous
it would be if the National Chrysanthemum
Society would form a standing committee who
would be able to grant a Certificate identifying
sports produced subsequently to the first one
certificated, and thus save considerable trouble
and annoyance.

Incidentally, a good deal of evidence was given
as to the commercial value of certificates, it
being generally agreed that a certificate has no
commercial value, unless the whole of the stock
be in the hands of one person. It would be well
if the societies — especially the Royal Horticul-
tural Society — would ignore the commercial
element as much as possible. The duty of a
horticultural society in such matters is to
appraise the absolute merit of the objects shown
before it, independently of and without direct
reference to their commercial value. That
should be assessed on different principles, based
on the requirements of trade, and by a different
body — a body of trade experts.

Much of the ridicule, and many of the com-
plaints levelled against the Royal Horticultural
Society and its certificates would be deprived of
their force if this unfortunate method of
working on a wrong system, and, according to
an inappropriate standard, could be abolished.
We own that, considering that the trade element
constitutes so large a proportion of the com-
mittees, that the abolition is likely to be a long
while before it is effected.

The award of the arbitrators, cited on p. 339, is
not likely to be very satisfactory to either party,
though to outsiders it seems substantially just.
The arbitrators found that the Chrysanthemums
in question were identical, that is of course
practically identical, for we doubt not the expe-
rienced eyes of the arbitrators, or of the botanists,
would have been able to detect some difference.
The two plants being substantially of the same
variety, of course should bear the same name, and
the plaintiffs had therefore in the opinion of the
arbitrators no cause of complaint against the
defendant for the use of the name. This being

so, the arbitrators were of opinion that the
plaintiffs should bear the entire cost of the
proceedings up to the time of the " order of
reference ; " while the cost of the arbitration
itself, should be borne by the plaintiffs and
defendants equally.

This is another illustration of the lawyers
getting the oyster and the litigants the shells.
Both plaintiffs and defendant will probably con-
sider the sport a very expensive one, and as
affording another example of the fact that the
game is not always worth the candle.

New or Noteworthy Plants.

WATSONIA IRIDIFOLI A, Ker., VAR. O'BRIENI,

N. E. Brown (n. var.).*

This is a lovely plant ! It is very similar to W. I
rosea in general appearance, but has pure white
flowers ; and this is its great attraction, for pure
white flowers in the order Iridacese are of rare
occurrence ; in Amaryllidaceoe and Liliacese white is
common enough, and indeed the prevailing colour,
whilst in Iridaceoe there are very few species that
have entirely white flowers, which is somewhat J
remarkable, considering the large. number of genera '
and species it contains. Watsonia iridifolia is one I
of the few species in the order that has white flowers,
and it seems to be a rare plant ; the variety fulgens, I
with bright scarlet flowers, also seems to be far from
common. Although the typical W. iridifolia has
white flowers, they are not so pure and delicate as j
those of this new variety, which I have named after '
Mr. J. O'Brien, of Harrow, who introduced the
plant.

In typical W. iridifolia the flowers are not so long
as in this variety, the slender part of the tube does
not exceed the bracts in length, the lobes are pro-
portionately narrower and more acute, and the
colour is not so pure a white, the outside being more ,
or less tinted with yellowish or rosy, whilst in the
variety O'Brieni the flowers are delicate in texture {
and of a very pure white, without a spot or tinge of
any other colour.

A single plant of this fine variety was found ;
growing wild in South Africa among a quantity of
coloured Watsonias, and has now been increased to
eight or ten plants, the entire stock of which is in
the hands of Mr. O'Brien, who informs me that he has |
the plant growing vigorously in the open air, planted
in turfy yellow loam, and that it lasts a long while
in flower ; specimens were exhibited at the Royal
Horticultural Society on the 17th inst., which had
been in flower for five or six weeks. A First-class
Certificate was awarded to the plant, which is
certainly a grand addition to our half-hardy bulbs.
N. E. Brown.

TlGHIDIA BUCOIFEBA.t

Of the discoveries made by Mr. Pringle last year
in the mountains of Mexico, there has already been
figured in the Garden and Forest (vol. i., fig. 61), a'
new species of Tigridia belonging to the typical T.

* Watsonia iridifolia, Ker. var. O'Brieni, N. E. Brown (n.
var.). The leaves are sword-shaped, deep green, 3^ to 3 feet
long, 1 to 1J inch broad, gradually diminishing and passing
into bracts on the stem, which grows to 3 or 4 feet in height,
and is simple, or in strong plants branched, the branches being
distichously arranged. The flowers are pure white, 2j to
3J inches long, with a curved tube, and a spreading limb about
2 inches in diameter, having elliptic-oblong obtuse lobes, with ■
a minute apiculus; the lower half of the tube is slender,
widening out upwards, the slender part distinctly longer than
the bracts.

t Tigridia bucci/era.— Stem a foot high, from a small bulb,
branching, glaucous ; radical leaves nearly as tall, plicate,
three lines broad, the cauline bracts (three) more or less
foliaceous ; spathes of two unequal bracts, 1 J to 2 inches long ;
perianth 2 inches broad, with purple-dotted, greenish-yellow
base, the blade of the outer segments obovate, purple ; inner
segments tubular-folded in the centre, the dilated sides below
the small, cancave-rounded, deep purple blade, approximate
'in two cheek-like prominences; anthers nearly sessile, with
broad connectives ; styles as long, the conical branches widely'
divergent, extended between the anthers.

September 28, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

351

■avonia group. We now offer one of the Beatonia
ection, which are distinguished by smaller and more
>r less [purple instead of orange flowers, and by
ninute terminal stigmas. From Nemastylis, which
he species greatly resemble in habit, they differ in
,he inequality and dissimilarity in form of the outer
tnd inner segments of the flower, and in the position
>f the styles, which are here opposite to the anthers,
nstead of alternate with them.

'. In the present species the flower is nearly 2 inches
proad, with the saucer-shaped base, formed by the
aroad concave bases of the segments, of a pale
rreenish-yellow, dotted uniformly with purple. The
abovate blade of the outer segments is a clear light
purple. The shorter inner segments are very pecu-
liar in shape, being folded together in such a manner
las to form a sunken longitudinal tube down the
; centre, the dilated sides at the outer end of the tube
Approaching each other in the form of two cheek-
ike prominences. These are coloured white, purple,
ind yellow; while the small, rounded, terminal blade
s a deep purple. The anthers are erect, and nearly
lessile, upon very short united filaments, the cells of
>ach anther separated by a broad connective, as in
lome species of Nemastylis. The styles are closely
mited nearly as high as the top of the stamens,
vhere the conical branches suddenly diverge, and are
?xserted in pairs between the anthers.

The flowers, as is frequently the case with plants
)f this order, are quite fugacious, lasting, at the
ongest only for a single day. But while they last
.hey are remarkably pretty, and a succession from
;he several spathes of one or two flowers each day is
issured for several days. S. W., in " Garden and
Forest, 1889, p. 415.

Roses.

ON SOME SINGLE ROSES.

Oue senses were tolerably well exercised during
;he summer on double Roses, column after column
if our gardening papers were filled with the
■eiteration of names of flowers so dear to the
Rose grower and Rose exhibitor ; our eyes were
'easted on row after row of beauties in the
•Full development of all their charms; we smelt
the delightful fragrance of an Alfred Colomb,
Camille de Rohan, or La France, while we felt
inclined to pass by, as not quite worthy of atten-
tion, the scentless Baroness or Victor Verdier,
and when, determining the identity of a Rose, we
examined the wood, we found out that Roses
have thorns. I want now to get away, if possible,
'from the exhibitor's standpoint, and to say a few
'words on behalf of a class of Roses which is
often sadly neglected in our gardens.

In writing on single Roses I do not pretend to do
so with any botanical or scientific knowledge, for I
do not possess it, but merely to record what in the
limited experience of my own small garden I have
found great enjoyment, and here let me say what a
(pleasure it is to see the graceful wreaths that our
wild Briers throw over hedge and copse, and what
more lovely than to see the wild Rose on the shores
of some mountain tarn, far away from all other pro-
ductions of Flora's kingdom, not altogether " wasting
its sweetness on the desert air," for it often gladdens
the eyes of the lonely tourist, as he welcomes it even
more than the flowers of May ; and lover of our
choicest Roses as I am, I confess that it is sometimes
■a jefreshment to turn from the highly-developed
charms of a Marie Baumann or A. K. Williams to
the simple and graceful forms of a Macrantha or
Austrian yellow, where all is " as Nature pleases."

Austrian Yellow. —Earliest, I think, amongst all
the single Ro6es that I possess is this very lovely
Brier. There is in a labourer's garden on the hill
above my house a plant of it, which is, or was, a pic-
ture not easily forgotten. I say was, for it has
excited the desires of many of his neighbours,
! and suckers of it have been so freely given away
".that the plant is somewhat reduced in size, but it

will soon recover. This year it was very lovely ;
I know no clearer or more beautiful yellow. I
had some difficulty in obtaining it, the Austrian
Copper or the Persian Brier having been sent to me
instead. I have it now, however, and it is doing well.
It gave me some blooms this year, and I hope that
another season it may be still more beautiful. It is
one of those delightful flowers a garden ought not
to be without.

Austrian Copper or Bosa punioea, — This is one of
the most highly coloured Roses that we have ;
although called copper it is nearly a scarlet, and a
bush well laden with its flowers is a sight not easily
forgotten. The intense deep scarlet-yellow makes it
very conspicuous.

Rosa rugosa and rugosa alba. — So much has been
written about these Roses that it is needless to
dwell upon them or expatiate on their beauties. When
looking at a bush in Canon Ellacombe's garden at
Bitton, he said, " You know that it is a garden
hybrid from Rosa ferox," and I believe that he has a
variety from it similar to that recently sent out by
Bruant as Mrs. Georges Bruant. I have found it the
least satisfactory of single Roses for cutting, as the
blossoms so soon are shattered. In the autumn the
hips are very beautiful, and it is so vigorous that
when once it has been planted it is exceedingly difficult
to get rid of it.

Bosa berberidifolia, an exquisite gem, but I fear
we must write it down as not quite hardy. I have
tried it more than once, but it has succumbed,
although we do not experience the effects of frost here
so much as in many places ; its synonym is, I believe,
simplicifolia, but whatever the risks about it may be
it is well deserving of every care, as it is a most
lovely little thing, the foliage very slender and
dwarf, the flowers a beautiful bright yellow with a
crimson spot at the base, causing the flower to
resemble a Cistus, very much like, for example,
Cistus Algavarensis. I shall for the future take up
and pot my plant, and put it out again in the spring.
Bosa macrantha, a lovely pure white single Rose
with yellow stamens, the flowers are very large and
very freely produced. As the plant is of rampant
growth, it makes an admirable Rose for a pillar, and
one that I had at the back of my border was one of
the most pleasant sights I had in my garden this
year. With us in this part of England (Kent), it is
perfectly hardy. I found this under the name of
marantha, in catalogues, but not seeing it in Mr.
Nicholson's admirable Dictionary of Gardening, I
sent some foliage and buds (the flowers had passed)
to him. He replies, quoting Mr. J. G. Baker, " I
expect the Rose is a centifolia form," and adds, " I
believe it to be a purely garden name — that it is a
new name into the bargain."

Paul's single white is a good deal similar to the
above, equally large and free in growth ; the flowers,
however, lack the yellow stamens which give such a
peculiar character to Macrantha ; like it it makes an
admirable pillar Rose.

Bosa polyantha simplex. — This Rose, although the
individual flowers are very small, forms, where room
can be given to it, one of the most delightful (I sup-
pose one ought to say precious) objects that a garden
can possess. There was some time ago figured in
one of your supplements a photo of a plant of it in Mr.
Girdlestone's garden at Sunningdale ; it gave some
idea (although I think photos of flowers are simply
an abomination) of what can be done with it ; but
even where such ample space cannot be afforded to
it, it is still a most beautiful object for a pillar,
fence, or any place that requires covering. The
flowers are produced in clusters, or rather wreaths,
which almost hide the foliage. They are, more-
over, sweet-scented. It is quite impossible to ex-
aggerate the beauty of this simple Rose. It is, more-
over, interesting, as it has become in the hands of
the French Rose growers, the parent, when crossed
with Tea blood, of that charming race of dwarf
button Roses, Paquerette, Mignonette, Perle d'Or,
&c, a very curious instance of the effect of hybri-
dising; all the rampant character of the plant is gone,
for they are very dwarf, while the flowers are

doubled, the habit of blooming in clusters being
retained, and a decidedly Tea perfume being im-
parted to them, while the Teas have given to them
their ever-flowering character.

Striped Brier — Janet's Pride. — I hardly know
what to say about this, or where to place it. It is
not exactly a single Rose, and it has two, and only
two, rows of petals. It is not semi-double, and there-
fore I think it may be safely placed amongst the
single Roses. I found it some four years ago in the
garden of a friend in the county of Durham, and
obtained from him a sucker which has grown up
now into a good-sized bush. Last year I sent some
flowers of it up to the Floral Committee of the Royal
Horticultural Society, when it was awarded a First-
class Certificate. Since then I have given it to a
very eminent Rose grower, but he was uuable to get
the grafts to take. I lately sent him a bundle
of wood for budding, and hope that he may be suc-
cessful with it. In colour it is very much like
Village Maid, white with pink stripes, while the
foliage has the scent of the common Sweet Brier,
and it soon forms a large and handsome bush.

Bosa spinosissima is a single Rose, so well known as
hardly to require any description. As its name
implies, it is covered all over with short sharp
prickles which make it by no means a pleasant plant
to handle, while it is covered with small blush-white
flowers ; it is ordinarily known as the Scotch Rose.

Bosa apennina. — This is a very dwarf alpine
variety. The flowers are pink, pretty, but rather
scantily produced. It is so persistent a usurper that
when once established it is exceedingly difficult to
get rid of, and insinuates itself into all sorts of places.
I once, before I knew its character, planted it on a very
small rockery ; for the first year I was charmed with
it, but afterwards I found it coming up in the midst
of some of my choice little alpines, and I must either
sacrifice it or them, but how to do it I knew not. I
cut away all the suckers I could see, and hoped I
had stopped it, but alas ! the next year it was as bad
as ever, so I had nothing for it but to rebuild that
part of my rockery altogether, taking up all the
plants and destroying the Rosa altogether. This has
been an heroic but tolerably successful measure.
Now and then I get a small piece of it, but on the
whole I have pretty well got rid of it.

I have not attempted to give a list of single
Roses, but simply to describe those which have
given me satisfaction in my own garden. I have
others, but as yet they have not attained such a size
as could enable me to judge accurately about them
I also saw others exhibited at the National Rose
Society's exhibition, and at the Rose Conference
at Chiswick ; but as I have no practical experience
concerning them, and, therefore, prefer confining
my notes to those kinds which I have grown.

May I add a word about the suggestion some time
since of " Rosa " on the nomenclature of Roses ? The
National Society has done its best to shorten the names
by dropping where practicable the prefix of Mr.,
Madame, and Mdlle., but this is not always practi-
cable ; thus how are we to distinguish Therese Levet,
Claudius Levet, Souvenir de Therese Levet, Madame
Levet, if we were simply to use the " Levet " as
suggested ? Here, again, we have got accustomed to
names which, if they were dropped, might lead to con-
fusion ; although we often speak of Souvenir de la
Malmaison as simply Malmaison, yet if thus printed
in a catalogue, questions would arise. Then,
again, we have a Mons. and Madame with the
same surname — how are we to distinguish say
the Mons. Margottin, Madame Margottin, Jules
Margottin, and Gloire de Margottin, if we drop all
but "Margottin?" Then as to turning Cloth of
Gold and Marechal Niel into Gold and Niell
would it not be equally desirable to change Prince
of Wales and Countess of Rosebery into Wales and
Rosebery ? We have been treated badly by the
French raisers to a series of long and almost, in some
instances, unpronounceable names, and one could
only wish that the exnmple of my dear old friend
Soiichet, of Fontainbleau, had been followed ; with
him brevity was the soul of wit. and anyone looking

352

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 28, 1889.

through the catalogue of Gladioli published by
Vilmorin, and that of Roses published by Charles
Verdier, must be struck with the difference; but
withal, I do not think that we should so
imitate them as to make them a travesty on the
original. If the French names are a burden to us,
what shall we say of the Hungarians, if they ever
come to be popular ? On the whole, I think that to
some extent it has been remedied, and for what
remains we must grin and bear it. Wild Eose.

Tea Rose, Princess Stephanie.

What is known about this variety ? I am unable
to find it in any catalogue which I have at hand, but
judging from the appearance of a plant of it ob-
served at Normanton Park recently, it is well worth
possessing ; Mr. Gray, the gardener at that place, has
the variety growing freely on a wall, and he appears
to think very highly of it, which is not to be won-
dered at. Its colour is almost the same as that of
the beautiful W. A. Richardson, but the flowers are
much fuller than that Rose, and well formed ; just
the kind of a flower that charms at first sight. In
habit it has resemblance to Madame Berard. I believe
there was a prefix of some kind to the name, but the
above should be enough to identify it by"; long names
are an evil, being difficult to remember. W. H.
Divers, Ketton Hall, Stamford. [The Rose meant is
Princess Stephanie et Archduke Rudolphe, raised by
Levet, and sent into commerce in 1880 ; it is a Rose
of the character of Gloire de Dijon — the colour
orange-yellow and salmon-pink ; and it is also known
as Fiancailles de la Princess Stephanie et de l'Arehduc
Rudolphe. Ed.]

A MOUNTAIN MEADOW.

Mount Rainier, which rises to a height of
14,444 feet from the shores of Puget Sound, is the
most beautiful of the mountains of the United
States, as it is the most difficult to ascend, only two
or three parties, previous to last summer, having
succeeded in reaching the twin craters which occupy
the summit. In August last, however, a party of
nine men, including Mr. John Muir, the well-known
student of the Cordilleran glaciers, gained the sum-
mit, and were fortunate in obtaining a large number
of photographs of the mountain, and of various
aspects of vegetation encountered during the journey.
Among these photographs is one that represents an
alpine meadow covered with flowers of Erigeron sal-
suginosus. We are indebted to Mr. Charles V.
Piper, of Seattle, one of the party who made this
memorable ascent, for the photograph, and for the
following brief note, which he has promised to sup-
plement later with a fuller and more detailed account
of the flora of Mount Rainier.

" This particular meadow on which we encamped
lies between glaciers of the Nisqually and Cowlitz
rivers, on the south side of the mountain. It covers,
probably, four square miles, and ranges in altitude
from 5000—7000 feet. The meadow on the east
side of the mountain, between the Cowlitz and
Natchess glaciers, is about the same size, and differs
but little in vegetation. The other meadows on the
main mountain are much smaller, and, with one
exception, difficult of access. The meadows on the
summits of the surrounding lower mountains are
quite extensive, however. The timber on the
meadows is confined mainly to the crests of the
ridges running up the mountain, and consists of
Abies subalpina, Tsuga Pattoniana, Chamsecyparis
Nutkaensis, and a few Pinus monticola. Erigeron
salsuginosus grows on the drier ground, near the
timber, together with the following equally abun-
dant plants : — Orthocarpus pilosus, Lupinus sp.,
Anemone occidentalis, Potentilla gelida, Valeriana'
sp., Polygonum Bistorta, and Veratrum viride."

Erigeron salsuginosus is widely distributed from
Kotzebue Sound and Unalaska, and along the high
mountains as far south as California, Utah, and
New Mexico. It was first discovered by Dr. Richard-
son, of the Franklin Search Expedition, on the salt
plains of the Athabasca. It is a handsome plant,
with stout stems 12 to 20 inches high, and solitary

or a few corymbosely disposed flowers, with broad
discs, and fifty to seventy purple or violet rays J inch
or more long. There is an early figure under Aster
salsuginosus in the Botanical Magazine, t. 2942.
Garden and Forest.

CLETHRA ARBOREA.

This is one of those fine old conservatory shrubs
which we rarely see now, though once popular, and
still deserving attention by reason of its rich, deep-
green foliage and elegant racemes of white, bell-
shaped flowers. Our illustration (fig. 51, p. 353),
shows a spray reduced one half, a reduction neces-
sitated by the exigencies of space, but which does
great injustice to the plant. It is a native of
Madeira, and would possibly be hardy in our south-
western districts and in the Channel Islands.

It forms, during the season, a conspicuous orna-
ment in the conservatory at Sion, and it is to Mr.
Wythes, the very able gardener at that fine estab-
lishment, that we are indebted for the specimen.

NOTES FROM THE PARIS
EXHIBITION.

In the French section of the main building devoted
to Class 44, " Agricultural Products not edible,"
there are some interesting exhibits worth notice.

The Association Generate of Herboristes of France
founded in 1876, whose business place is in Paris,
make a very fine collective display of medicinal
plants, &c, dried flowers, leaves, herbs, seeds, roots,
lichens, &c, in large glass jars, also bundles of dried
herbs, well arranged and in excellent condition.
Another firm, Lahaye-Viard of Montreuil sur Bois,
also make a similar display, but not so effective or
well arranged. They have ten acres under culture
with medicinal plants, pharmaceutical, antiscorbutic,
narcotic, and for the distillation of absinthe and
bitters generally, furnish the civil hospitals of Paris,
and the principal druggists of France.

A very prettily arranged case of Teasels (Dipsacus
fullonum), by Cabardez and Nicolas, Narbonne,
attracts special attention from the manner in which
it is arranged in a circle, the Teasels graduated in
sizes, by half centimetres from No. 6 up to 18. Wild
cultivated, and prepared Teasels are shown.

Although wire cards are fast superseding these
hooked thistle heads in the cloth manufacture, yet
on the Continent there is still a large demand for
them, which necessitates a special culture.

The collection of Hops shown here is large and
varied, comprising samples from all the principal
producing countries. The strobiles are exhibited as
collected, also in square pressed packets, in bottles,
in pockets, and some in metal cylinders with glass
tops. The culture of Hops is necessarily large on
the Continent, for the production of the immense
quantity of beer drank.

In this department there is also a large and
interesting display of oils and oil-seeds shown, chiefly
from India and Africa. Some interesting details are
furnished with regard to the production of ground-
nuts (Arachis hypogaea) in the French colony of
Senegambia by one of the exhibiting firms, Mauret
& Prom, of Bordeaux and Marseilles. This firm,
established in 1828, has forty-eight factories in
Africa, and the importance of the trade it carries on
is evidenced by the number of boats and natives
employed locally, namely, seventy-two, manned by
352 men — besides four steamers and two sailing-
vessels of 5000 tons in all, and 146 men — for the
transport of the cargoes from Senegambia to
France. The production of ground nuts (termed
by the French arachides) in Senegambia is about
55,000 tons annually, of which this firm receives
more than half.

The oil produced by them in France is supplied to
twenty factories of oleomargarine, to the sardine
preservers, and other minor industries. The oilcake,
containing a large proportion of nitrogen, is a good
cattle food, and is also a useful fertiliser for Vines,

corn, pastures, &c, and is even used for bait in the
sardine fisheries in place of cod-roe.

A large glass case in this court is filled with the
products of Ramie (the name the French apply to
the Nettle family species of Urtica and Bohmeria).
This is shown by two societies — La Societe de Credit
d'lndustrie and La Soci^te' d'Etudes Scientifi'ques
appliquee a l'lndustrie au Commerce, &c.

The collection comprises the Osier-like stems, the
rough, and cleaned, and dyed fibre, the prepared
thread in hanks and on bobbins, fabrics made of
it, and a variety of books and pamphlets on the
culture, preparation, &c. Very little progress, com-
mercially speaking, seems yet to have been made in
the utilisation of this fibre.

In this section, Messrs. Vilmorin, Andrieux &
Co. have one of their numerous exhibits. Here
they show seeds of industrial plants, samples of
grain and grasses, coloured models of Beetroots,
and other tubers, and screw-cap tin boxes, closing
hermetically, for packing small shipments of seeds
intended for the colonies. The other exhibits of this
well-known firm are a model school garden, in
Class 63, on the Place des Invalides ; a collection of
new hybrid Wheats, in Class 67 ; a very extensive
display of all agricultural products, and illustrated
works published by them under class 74, in the agri-
cultural gallery; grass lawns and baskets of cut
flowers, in the Trocadero gardens; kitchen garden
plants and herbaceous greenhouse plants, in the same
locality ; and seeds and cones, &c, of trees in the
Forest Pavilion. Paris Correspondent.

BURGHLEY GARDENS.

Laxton's Noble Strawberry has been grown here
extensively this ye^r outside, and as far as weight of
crop goes, it has exceeded that of any other variety ;
but Mr. Gilbert does not speak highly of the flavour
of the fruit, and considers it to be much inferior to
some of the older varieties in this respect. Others
of Mr. Laxton's new kinds, which have done well
here, are A. F. Barron and Commander ; the former
is not such a vigorous grower as some others, but it
has given some very fine fruit, that were remarkable
for their beautiful glossy appearance and rich colour.
About 4000 Strawberries are forced annually in pots,
and were nearly all potted at the time of my visit,
Aug. 22. Burghley soil is the best I have met with
for giving strong young plants. A few Vicomtesse
Hericart du Thury are grown for the earliest supply,
and are succeeded by La Grosse Sucree, of which
there is a very fine lot ; and for later use, Sir C.
Napier and A. F. Barron are chiefly relied upon.

Tomatos out-of-doors were just commencing to
ripen a fine crop of fruits, and were free from disease.
The variety Surpasse is grown for the outside crop,
and is a very fine fruit. Mr. Gilbert speaks very
highly of Ham Green Favourite, which was on trial
in a cool-house ; it is, however, very similar to
Surpasse. Hackwood Park is bearing a very heavy
crop, but the fruits are not so perfect in shape as the
above, and that is a matter of consideration when
one seeks for the best price in the market. Tomato
Lorillard was bearing some fin? fruit, but it was
insufficient in quantity. Vick's Criterion is just
coming into flower for a late crop, and looked pro-
mising ; it is still one of the best setters for winter
and early spring supply. Cucumbers have done
remarkably well this season, and are still carrying
good crops ; the only variety grown is Veitch's straia
of Rollison's Telegraph. A house full that is now
ripening off for seed is a sight worth going far
to see.

Late Grapes are finishing off a heavy crop of
bunches of a useful size. Thomson's Vine manure
is employed for the Vines with good results, and
abundance of water is afforded them, as they are
chiefly inside. A hedge of Niphetos Roses, 5 feet
high, and nearly 60 feet long, and looking remark-
ably healthy, is planted by the side of the path in
one of the houses, is always in flower. Peaches
indoors have borne heavy crops this season, com-
mencing with Early Louise, Dr. Hogg, Crimson

September 28, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

353

Galande, &c, in the early houses. Two very fine
trees of Bellegarde and Barrington were jnst ripen-
ing in a cool-house ; a tree of Victoria Nectarine
trained to a wall under a glass case had a nice even
crop of very pretty fruits, none of which were
cracked — a rare occurrence with this otherwise
fine variety. Princess of Wales Peach also bore
a good crop in a similar position. The outdoor
Peaches have very few fruit this year, owing pro-
bably to the bad weather last season, which did not
allow the wood to ripen sufficiently ; and this will
also account for the scarcity of Apples and Pears,
although the trees flowered well, and there was no late
spring frost to harm them this year. A tree of
Clapp's Favourite Pear on a west wall had been
mulched with manure, and was carrying remarkably
fine fruit ; and cordon trees of Emile d'Heyst, called

clear of the fruiting canes, and the fruit is easily
gathered. Early Potatos were a remarkably heavy
crop this year, and Wilson's Ashtop, otherwise Em-
press EugtSnie, is the variety most relied upon, and
it is grown year after year without the least signs of
deterioration ; a fact which does not agree with
generally accepted notions, but much of the success
of Mr. Gilbert is probably due to the method of
saving the set. Here the sets are allowed to mature,
and they are then carefully stored in single layers on
shelves for the winter, this takes up much time
where such large quantities are grown as here ; but
as it is generally done in wet weather it finds occupa-
tion for the men under cover. As soon as the
Potatos are dug up, a winter or spring crop is planted.
The celebrated Burghley varieties of Broccoli are
the principal kinds grown, and it is quite natural for

Fig. 61. — clethra areorea : half size: flowers white, (see p. 352.)

here Beurre d'Esperen (on a south wall) were
carrying heavy crops. The celebrated old plant of
Marechal Niel Rose looked very flourishing. It is
Cut hard back every year. Seven or eight years ago
canker commenced to show itself in the main stem.
JuBt above the ground some turves were packed
up around it to a distance of 16 inches, and high
enough to cover the affected part, and which formed
a solid mass of soil after a time ; whether this has
•cured the canker, or if the tree has made fresh
roots into it is not known, at any rate it has survived
the operation.

Raspberries have done very well this season, es-
pecially Baumforth's Seedling, which is most liked.
The tops of the fruiting canes are arched over to a
wire on each side of the row about 3i feet from the
surface, and 2 feet from the centre of the row, and
this is one of the best methods of fastening them
that I have seen, as the young growths are kept

everyone to think his own children are the best, but
this is brought at Burghley to the severe practical
test of £ 5. d. W. H. Divers, Ketton Hall, Stamford.

The Bulb Garden.

DAFFODILS.

Of recent years these bulbous plants have acquired
much importance amongst choice flowers for cutting,
and plants to grow in pots for decoration. To have
them at an early date, no time should now be lost in
planting the bulbs. If only wanted for cuttings
plant in deep boxes, or in frames, as this gives the
least trouble ; but where large quantities of blooms
are required, the latter plan is, perhaps, to be pre-
ferred. And if there are hot-water pipes to keep
out the frost, so much the better, as it obviates the

necessity of covering; but we have seen them do
well when planted out in frames which have just
been cleared of Melons or Cucumbers— the slight
warmth remaining in the beds inducing roots to
form rapidly, and to assist these the frames may be
kept rather close ; but as soon as the foliage comes
through the soil, air should be admitted freely in
favourable weather, otherwise they get drawn in leaf
and stalk, and small in size of flower. Daffodils are
easily spoiled by much forcing, and are never better
than when brought on in an ordinary cool green-
house. When grown in pots, we have found 6 or
7-inch most convenient sizes. Plant them full of
bulbs, completely covering them with the soil, which
should consist chiefly of turfy loam. Plunge the
pots in coal-ashes, cocoa-nut fibre refuse, or similar
material, covering over to the depth of several
inches. If the soil was sufficiently moist at plant-
ing, watering should not be needed until growth is
seen above the soil ; but should it be deemed neces-
sary, it may easily be done by watering the plunging
material. Sometimes, when standing outside,
they are apt to get too wet, therefore select a
well-drained bottom, but the protection of a frame
is best. Here they may remain until growth is well
advanced, looking through them occasionally, moving
upwards those which have started ; they may after-
wards be accelerated into flower by moving into
a warmer greenhouse in batches, according to re-
quirements. For growing in pots we prefer the
large trumpet Daffodils, such as Irish King, Golden
Spur, Golden Plover, Henry Irving, maximus, Sancta
Maria, and Spurius-major. Of the bicolor section,
Empress, Horsfieldi, and Emperor are grand flowers.
Then there are the little Corbularias, very neat and
distinct ; but we have seen cheaper sorts, such as
pallidus precox, obvallaris, Telamonius plenus,
variiformis, and many of the incomparabilis section,
forced, with excellent results. F. S.

Freesia refracta alba.

A few pots of these delightfully odorous flowers in
winter and spring months, should be found in every
garden. TheFreesias readily accommodate themselves
to cultivation in pots, and may be potted at the pre-
sent season and be made to bloom at the New Year.
In order to have good pots, from five to seven bulbs
should be put into 5-inch size, using a compost of
light, fibrous loam, leaf-mould (not too rotten), spent
Mushroom manure, with sufficient sand to keep the
whole sweet and somewhat porous. The pots, it is
needless to say, should be thoroughly clean and well-
drained. For a time after potting they may be stood
in a cold frame well exposed to the sun, giving the
soil no water till after the growth of the bulbs
commences, unless the soil should get dust dry. They
may subsequently be transferred to the greenhouse,
a shelf near the glass will suit them well, and some
may be put into the stove to bring them into bloom
quickly if it be needed, and at intervals of a fortnight
throughout the winter and spring. H. MarJckam.

TUBEROSES IN THE OPEN
GROUND.

When visiting the Portland Nurseries of Messrs.
Sutton & Sons, at Reading, a short time ago, the
nursery where they grow their remarkable collections
of Begonias, Cyclamens, &c, I was much struck
with a plantation of Tuberoses growing in the open
ground. They were planted out-of-doors in May
last, on a warm south border ; they had grown
vigorously, and were flowering freely — very finely
indeed, much finer than I have seen them bloom in
houses. They were by no means planted deeply in
the soil, which was made as fine as possible.
Whether the Tuberose is capable of being made a
summer bedding plant is perhaps doubtful ; but after
what I saw on this occasion at Reading, I am
inclined to think it can be made a novel and highly
acceptable dot plant, placing it among lower-growing
ones. Messrs. Sutton & Sons are perhaps fortunate
in having on their Portland Nurseries a soil — a
light, sandy, warm one— such as one could perhaps

354

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 28, 1889.

Bee in a Dutch bulb garden ; and it appears to be well
adapted to the requirements of the Tuberose. Could it
not be employed in the London parks, and especially
in that charming belt of flower garden lying between
Hyde Park and Park Lane. Whether the tuberose
would flourish in the soil there, as it does at
Heading, or whether there may not be elements in
the London atmosphere that would prevent it
blooming, I cannot say, but the plant might be
reared in pots, and then placed in the beds to
flower. At any rate, the open air experiment at
Heading is a highly successful one, and there appears
to be no reason why it should not be attempted in
other places, if. D.

NEPENTHES.

Ik your issue of September 14, the report of the
show of the Royal Caledonian Horticultural Society,
reference was made to the splendid collection of
Nepenthes exhibited from the Royal Botanic Garden,
by Mr. Lindsay, the Curator, by Messrs. Ireland &
Thomson, Edinburgh, and the elaborate specimens
shown by Messrs. Jas. Veitch & Sons, from the Royal
Exotic Nursery, Chelsea.

All honour is due to these contributors, and we
ought chiefly to recognise these examples of the in-
dustry of the collectors and the skill of the successful
cultivators as especially opportune for celebrating the
centenary anniversary of Nepenthes introduction
into Great Britain, which according to Aiton in
Hortus Kewensis, took place in 17S9. Although
known to European botanical writers for the last
three centuries, it was only after two centuries'
patient endeavours that the difficulty of Nepenthes
introduction was overcome, and even after a lapse of
another half century only some half-dozen species
had been introduced. What a contrast we have in
the remaining half century which has been so
prolific in enriching our collections to the amount
of some forty species, and the discovery of other
thirty-six species to which the successful raisers
have added some forty-five garden seedlings,
making a total of 121 species and varieties.
Especially had we cause for rejoicing in the
improvements of late years in the wonderful pro-
gress made by the raisers of new varieties, and Mr.
Lindsay must indeed be proud of his success in pro-
ducing such a splendid variety as N. Dicksoniana X , as
exhibited and brought to such perfection by Messrs.
Jas. Veitch & Sons and by Mr. Lindsay, the speci-
mens of which proves the fact that there is a great
future before us in Nepenthes seedlings, and leaves
no doubt that future generations will see some won-
derful productions should the important Bornean
discoveries N. Edwardsiana, N. Burbidgea?, N. Harry-
ana, N. villosa, &c, escaping the perils of a journey
through the Red Sea, reach this country in safety,
and acclimatise themselves in our gardens.

The Botanic Garden collection comprised a fine
N. Veitchi, with grand pitchers ; N. Mastersiana X ,
large and fine ; a splendid N. sanguinea, with its
highly coloured urns in great perfection ; N. ampul-
laria vittata, N. destillatoria, the true Cingalese
variety, N. Khasiana (the N. destillatoria of our gar-
dens) ; the grand lately introduced N. Curtisi ; N. gra-
cilis major, N. Rafflesiana (the true N. Hookeriana
of gardens) ; the pretty little N. lxvis, N. hybrida,
N. h. maculata, N. phyllamphora, with the following
garden varieties : the before-mentioned N. Dicksoni-
anaX (Lindsay), N. EdinensisX (Lindsay), the
Veitchian N. Chelsonix, N. cylindricax, N.
cinctax, two varieties of N. Dominianax, N. Dor-
mannianax.N. intermedia X, N. rupescens, and N.
Sedenix, most of these in duplicate.

The large specimens of Messrs. Veitch & Sons
were of peculiar excellence, well pitchered, and alto-
gether made an excellent display, that they formed
one of the features of the exhibition, goes without
saying, and they were universally admired. They
comprised a splendid specimen of N. Dicksoniana X ,
across between N. Rafllesiana and N. Veitchi, raised
by Mr. Lindsay. The pitchers were some 13 inches

long, highly coloured, after the style of the seed
parent, with a broad collar or peristome (a fine
woodcut is given of this at p. 541, in the Gardeners'
Chronicle, Nov. 10, 1888), N. albo marginata, with line
pitchers; agrand plant of N. Curtisi, a splendid acquisi-
tion ; N. cylindrica, N. Hookeriana, N. Rafflesiana, N.
intermedia, N. Khasiana (the N. destillatoria, Hort.),
and the splendid N. Northiana, with its wonderful
coloured margin ; N. Mastersiana X , N. Morgana; X ,
one of the best of the seedlings emanating from
America ; N. Wrigleyana, all finely pitchered, hand-
some specimens. Messrs. Ireland & Thomson,
nurserymen, Edinburgh, had N. Mastersiana, N.
Morgans, N. Northiana, N. superba, and others.
From the Royal Botanic Garden- came also a fine
representative collection of Sarracenias, Droseras,
&c. Wm. E. Dixon, Edinburgh.

Cultural Memoranda.

RICHARDIA jETHIOPICA.

If not already potted, no time should be lost in
getting the plants lifted and put into their flowering
pots. They should have good masses of root and
soil, and be put in suitable sized pots, taking care
that the drainage is good, but not excessive. The
soil should be rich. Give enough water after potting
to settle the soil, and place the plants in a green-
house or cold pit.

BoUVAEDIAS, EoFATORIUMS, AND SALVIAS.

There can be no question about the best results
being secured from plants of these subjects which
are planted out in a moderately rich 6oil on a hard
bottom in a warm aspect in May last. If the plants
have been stopped repeatedly, and water in sufficient
quantity given to the soil, they should be fit to be lifted
and potted forthwith, choosing pots a little larger
than the mass of roots and soil. The plants may
then be placed in a house or pit from which frost can
be kept out, and when established they may be put
into heat, and gradually be pushed into flower in
succession. Beeson's manure is found to be useful
as a surface dressing, and may be used sprinkled on
the soil. H. W. W.

Begonia gracilis vae. Maetiana.

This and a few other varieties are rarely met with —
though when seen and well-grown, they are generally
much admired. The flowers are of a soft pink
colour, from \h to 2 inches diameter, and are borne
on the upper portion of an erect unbranched stem,
attaining from 2 feet in height, the leaves being
rather small, and thinly arranged, and of a light
green colour. It is very different in habit from the
ordinary run of Begonias. Two flowers spring from
a pair of bracts, and have a very formal arrange-
ment, the male flowers being placed directly above
the female. Between these bracts, and also between
the sepals, young plants and bulbils are borne, and
from which source the plant may be readily propa-
gated. It is suitable for growing in pots and pans,
especially the latter. Two to three bulbs are suffi-
cient to fill a G-inch pot. A compost of loam and
leaf-soil, with a good addition of silver-sand, is a
suitable mixture in which to grow them. The
tubers should be stored and protected similar to
other tuberous Begonias, potted some time during
February, and placed in a frame where they will be
protected from frost, and in bright weather shaded
from the sun. There are other varieties of this
species, and if they are anything like the above
species, they are well worth a place in any collection
— B. g. annulata, B. g. diversifolia. W. Harrow.

Gladiolus Colville alba.

The time has arrived for gardeners to order their
bulbs, &c, and I would advise those who have not
grown this Gladiolus to give it a trial, especially as
the corms are very cheap, and, moreover, it is easily
grown. I cannot speak of its hardiness when planted
in the open border, but as I have grown it for the

past six years as a pot-plant, I am constrained to
say that it is one of the most beautiful things I have
grown. Being naturally an early flowerer, and
flowering in March and April without much forcing
the season of its flowering may be much extended by
putting it, into heat in successional lots. I am re-
potting our corms, the foliage being now ripe. The
compost employed is 3 bushels of loam to 1 of spent
hotbed manure and coarse silver-sand ; seven corms
are placed in a G-inch, and from 8 to 10 in a 7-inch
pot, and they are potted moderately firm, the pots
being then plunged in fine coal-ashes, and some old
frame-lights put over them. D. Etkins, Trewsbury
House, Cirencester.

ScHUBEETIA GEANDIFLOEA.

The plant known under this name is a twiner,
belonging to the Asclepiad family, and is likely to
become a popular and serviceable garden plant, both
for cut flowsrs and an exhibition plant. The stems
and leaves are clothed with brown hairs, and
contain an abundance of milky juice such as
botanists call latex. It has a pure white tubu-
lar corolla, much swollen below, with a five
parted limb, the segments of which recurve, and is
agreeably scented. The flowers are borne in umbels,
the individual flowers measuring a little more than
2 inches in diameter. The flowers are of good sub-
stance, so as to admit of their being used for wreath-
making, &c. I saw at the last Sandy flower show a
large plant trained balloon-shape, and which was but
sparsely flowered. The leaves are large, egg-shaped,
and pointed. It sets its fruit, and ripens its seeds,
which, if sown in a gentlebottom-heat, soon germinate,
and grow on to flowering plants. A compost of peat,
loam, and a good addition of silver-sand, is suitable
for its growth. The fruit is of the shape of a small
inverted Pear, with some scattered fleshy spines
over its surface. From a fair^sized fruit it is capable
to raise two or three hundred seedlings. IV. Harrow,
Botanic Garden, Cambridge.

This stove plant resembles somewhat, in

habit of growth and flower, the well-known Ste-
phanotis floribunda. The plant is propagated in
the same way as the Stephanotis, and will flourish
under the identical treatment. Some persons con-
sider that the flowers of Schubertia to be too strongly
scented. But be this as it may, the plant is de-
serving of being grown by every one having a stove,
and possessing a partiality for fragrant flowers.
H. W. Ward.

LIST OF GAEDEN OKCHIDS.

(Continued from p. 323) .

BRASSAVOLA.

85. Beassavola, R. Br., in Ait., Hort. Kew., ed. 2, t.
(1813), p. 216. — Sepals and petals narrow,
long and spreading ; lip with a narrow base,
the infolded margins embracing the column,
front lobe suddenly dilated and spreading ;
pollen-masses 8. Rhizome creeping ; pseudo-
bulbs very small and narrow ; leaves linear,
fleshy, subterete ; raceme" simple, with few
or many, medium-sized or large flowers,
Species about twenty, ranging from Mexico
and the West Indies to Brazil.

(1.) Beassavola acal-lis, Lindl., in Paxt.,
Fl. Gard., ii. (1851—2)', p. 152, fig. 216;
Orchidophile, 1884, p. 239, with fig. BUtia
acaulis, Rchb. f., in Walp., Ann. Bot., vi.
(1861), p. 435. — Guatemala. Introduced by
Mr. Skinner, and flowered in the garden of
the Horticultural Society in 1851. Leaves
short and stiff, flowers large, solitary, cream-
coloured, flowers at midsummer.

(2.) B. angdstata, Lindl., Bot. Reg., xxiv.
(1838), Misc., p. 41. B. surinamensis, Focke,
in Tijdsch. Nat. Wet enschappen, iv. (1851),
p. 71. Bletia anqustata, Rchb. f., in Walp.,
Ann. Bot. vi. (1861), p. 434.— British Guiana.
Flowered in the collection of Mr. Wilmore,
near Birmingham, in April, 1838. Leaves
very long and slender ; flowers medium-sized,
with narrow, minutely serrulate, white lip.
B. appeudiculata.-Rich.and Gal. = B.cucoLLATA.

(3.) B. Ceboletta. Rchb., f., in Bonpl., iii.
(1S55), p. 221. Bletia Ceboletta, Rchb. f.,

September 28, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

355

in Walp., Ann. Sot., vi. (1861), p. 435.
— Native country not stated. Appeared in
Consul Schiller's collection, and is allied to
B. Perrinii.

(4.) B. cordata, Lindl., Bot. Beg., xxii.
(1836), t. 1913; Bot. Mag., t. 3782! Bletia,
<ordata, Rchb. f., in Walp., Ann. Bot., vi.
(1861), p. 436. — West Indies. It was im-
ported by Messrs. Loddiges, and flowered in
January, 1836. It was said to come from
Brazil, but as all other specimens are from
Jamaica I suspect the indication of the for-
mer locality to be a pure mistake.

(5.) B. cccdllata, R. Br., in Ait., Hort.
Kew., ed. 2, v. (1813), p. 216 ; Journ. Hort.
Soc, v., p. 85, with fig. ; Lindenia, iii., t. Ill
, (var. cuspidata). Epidendrum cucullatum,

Sims, Bot. Maq., xv. (1801), t. 543. Ctjmbi-
dium cueullatiun, Willd., Sp. PI., iv. (1805),
p. 100. Bletia cucullata, Rchb. f., in Walp.,
Ann. Bot., vi. (1861), p. 433. Brassavola
cuspidata, Hook.. Bot. Mag., lxvi. (1840), t.
3722. B. appendiculata. Rich. & Gal., in Ann.
i JSc. Nat., ser. 3. iii. (1845), p. 23. B. odora-

tissima, Regel, Gartenflora, i. (1852), p. 325, t.
33. — Trop. America from Mexico and the
West Indie's to Venezuela. It is said to have
been cultivated at Kew as early as 1794, and
was originally figured and described as Epi-
dendrum cucnllatum, from a specimen which
-flowered in the collection of Mr. Edward
Woodford, of Vauxhall, in 1801. Reichen-
bach reduces all the above as forms of the
same species.

B. cuspidata, Hook. = B. cucollata.

B. Digbyana, Lindl. = Lelia Digbyana.

B. fragrans, Lem. = B. tobercolata.

B. Gibbsiana, Williams ;= B. tuberculata.

B. glauca, Lindl. = L^lia glauca.

B. grandiflora, Lindl. = B. nodosa.

(6.) B. lineata, Hook., Bot. Mag., lxxix.
(1853), t. 4734. Bletia lineata, Rchb. f., in
Walp. Ann. Bot., vi. (1861), p. 436. Bras-
savola Mathieuana, Klotzsch, in Otto and
Dietr., Allg. Gartens., xxi. (1853), p. 290.—
Central America. Flowered in the nnrsery
of Messrs. Jackson, of Kingston, in June,
1853, from a plant purchased at one of the
sales of Mr. Warscewicz's plants in the pre-
vious year.

(7.), B. Martiana, Lindl., Bot. Req., xxii
(1836), sob. t. 1914 ; Id ., xxv., t. 5. Bletia
Martiana, Rchb. f., in Walp., Ann. Bot., vi.
(1861), p. 434. — Brazil and Guiana. Intro-
duced to cultivation from the River Berbice
in British Guiana by Messrs. Loddiges, with
whom it flowered in 1838.

B. Mathienana, Klotzsch = B. lineata.

B. nodosa. Hook. =. B. .sobuli folia.

(8.) B. nodosa. Lindl., Gen. ef Sp. Orch.
(1831), p. 114; Id. Bot. Reg., t. 1465. Epi-
dendrum nodosum, Linn., Sp. PI., ed. 1 (1753),
p. 953; Jacq., Select. Stirp. Anier.. p. 226, 1. 140.
Cyrnbidium nodosum, Sw.. in Nov. Act. Sci.
Upsal., vi. (1799), p. 73. Bletia nodosa, Rchb.
f., in Walp., Ann. Bot., vi. (1861), p. 437.
Brassavola grandiflora, Lindl., Bot. Reg., xxv.
(1839), Misc., p. 16. — Tropical America.
Living plants were received from Mexico by
Sir John Lubbock, Bart., and presented to the
Horticultural Society in 1828, where it
flowered in October, 1830.

B. odoratissima. Regel = B. cdcdllata.

(9 ) B. Perrinii, Lindl., Bot. Reg., xviii.
(.' ;'_ (1832), t. 1561, Bot. Mag., t. 3761. Bletia
Perrinii, Rchb. f., in Walp., Ann. Bot., vi.
(1861), p. 436. — Received from Rio de Janeiro
by Mrs. Arnold Harrison, of Liverpool, in
whose collection it flowered in September,
1831.

(10.) B. retusa, Lindl., Bot. Req.., xxxiii.
(1847), sub t. 20. Bletia retusa, Rchb. f., in
Walp.,.i4»s«. Bot., vi (1861),p.435. — Venezuela.
Described from a specimen sent to the Gar-
deners' Chronicle in March, 1847, for a name,
and said to be from Maracaybo, in Venezuela.
The lip is cuneate-obovate, truncate, white
with a little green near base ; quite distinct
from any other species.
B. Sloanei, Griseb. — B. subulifolia.
B. stricta, Hort., Gard. Chron., 1885, i., pp. 501,
505, fig. 92. — A description and figure of the
fruit of some Brassavola is given here under this
name, which I am unable to trace. It pro-
bably belongs to some well-known garden
plant, and I wish its possessor would send

flowers of it, that its identity may be made
out.

(11.) B. subulifolia, Lindl., Gen. $ Sp.
Orch. (1831). p. 115. B. nodosa, Hook., Bot.
Mag., lx. (1833), t. 3229 (not of Lindl.). B.
Sloanei, Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. Ind. (1864), p. 620.
— W. Indies. The plant figured in the Botanical
Magazine was sent from Jamaica, in 1830, to
Charles Horsfall, Esq., Mayor of Liverpool, in
whose collection it flowered in January, 1832.
This species is not at all well known. I have
followed Grisebach in considering it distinct,
retaining, however, Lindley's name as the
older one. It is described from a specimen
in Lambert's herbarium which I have not
seen, nor is there anything so named in
Lindley's herbarium.
B. surinamensis, Focke=B. anqustata.

(12.) B. tuberculata, Hook., Bot. Man.,
lvi. (1829), fc.2878. Bletia tuberculata.Rchb'.'i.,
in Walp., Ann. Bot., vi. (1861). p. 435. Bras-
savola fragrans, Lem., Jard. Flettr. iii. (1853),
Misc., pp. 78, 79, with fig., also p. 88 ; III. Sort.,
vi.,t. 280. B. Gibbsiana, Williams, Otck. Gr.
Manual, ed. 6 (1885), p. 149.— Brazil. In-
troduced by Mr. Henry Harrison into the
collection of his brother Richard, of Aigburth,
Liverpool, where it flowered in July, 1828.
The purple -brown spots on the segments
readily distinguish it from all other species.

(13.) B. venosa, Lindl., Bot. Reg., xxvi.
(1840), Misc., p. 20; Id., t. 39; Bot. Mag., t.
4021. Bletia venosa. Rchb. f., in Walp., Ann.
Bot. vi. (1861), p. 438.— Honduras and Guate-
mala. Introduced from Honduras by Messrs.
Loddiges, of Hackney, with whom it flowered
in 1840. R. A. Rolfc, Herbarium, Kew.
(To be continued.)

with a very minutely velvety surface, usually about
an eighth of an inch across, but ruuning together
into much larger irregular patches, particularly
toward the flower end. Drops of a gummy substance
frequently accompany the spots, giving the erroneous
impression of insect puncture. The spots grow
darker-coloured with age, becoming greenish-black,
and form a small cavity just beneath the fungus-
covered surface. No remedies have been tried
as yet. J. J. Willis, Harpenden.

SPOTTING OF PEACHES AND

CUCUMBERS.

Froit grown in perfection is without spot or mark,
except that which comes from natural colouring or
structure, and which usually adds to its attractive-
ness. Many of the larger fruits, particularly those
of the orchard, are often seen, however, with black
or brown streaks, extending frequently into spots of
considerable size, much disfiguring, if not also dis-
torting, their fair proportions.

The poorer the crop, the more likely the spots are
to develop. Some cultivators have reasoned from
this that the spots come because the plant is wanting
in vigour, and that perfectly healthy growth will not
be attacked. There is, doubtless, some amount of
truth in this view, but a more intimate acquaintance
with the origin and development of the spots brings
the matter into a different light.

Professor J. C. Arthur, of the Agricultural Ex-
perimental Station, Indiana, U.S., has recently in-
vestigated this subject, and with special reference to
two varieties of this class of fruit maladies, which
have not, heretofore, received due notice.

From the observations thus made, it has been found
that the spot disease of Peaches common in Indiana,
is due to a fungus only recorded previously as occur-
ring in Southern Austria, and named by Von Thue-
man, botanist to the Austrian Experimental Station
for wine and fruit culture at Klosterneuburg, near
Vienna, Cladosporium carpophilum. It is a fungus
closely related to those which produce the scab of
Apples and Pears ; and under the microscope shows
a mass of small filaments growing out from the sur-
face of the fruit. Its presence detracts from the
beauty, and therefore the market value of the fruit,
and hinders its full growth, but does not affect the
taste. Methods of keeping the disease in check
have not yet been worked out.

Spotting of Cucumbers.
This spot disease was first observed at Geneva,
N. Y., during 1887, when it was so abundant as to
ruin the crop for pickling. It is caused by a closely
allied fungus to that causing the Peach spot, and
the name Cladosporium cucumerinum has been pro-
posed for it.

The spots begin when the fruit is only an inch or
two long, and show grey, slightly sunken places,

Orchid Notes and Gleanings.

ONCIUIUM FLEXUOSUM,

Although an old Orchid, this is certainly one of
the most attractive at this season of the year. I had
the pleasure of seeing it to-day in large masses
at the seat of Captain Croker, The Grange, co.
Limerick, where, under the charge of Mr. Wil-
mouth, are three plants, each carrying over forty
spikes ; and the best plant, I was informed, had
sixty-three spikes before any were cut. The plants
referred to are grown in an ordinary stove, and are
remarkably strong and healthy. J. B., Limerick.

Mr. Sillem's Orchids.

It is pleasant to call in at any season of the year
to inspect the collection of Orchids at Lawrie Park,
Sydenham, the property of Augustus Sillem, Esq.,
because the old specimens one became acquainted
with many years ago are still to be found there, as
Mr. Sillem does not sell any of his plants, and new
meritorious introductions are sure to find a place. A
group of Miltonias in flower in the Cattleya-house
was a noteworthy feature at this season of the year.
We find that M. Candida will flower more constantly
in September than some others. It is a distinct
and pretty species, with sepals and petals wholly
brownish, and pale towards the margin ; the whitish
lip has a violet purple suffusion at the base. This
species is easily grown. The true M. Candida grandi-
flora is still rare, although there are many varieties
that pass for it that are not the true plant. M. Reg-
nelli purpurea was in flower. It is also a rare form
of the species, has rather larger flowers, and a
rich purplish lip. The sepals and petals are
pale rosy-purple. M. spectabilis was represented
by the normal species, and by two forms of M.
spectabilis Moreliana, and M. spectabilis radiaus.
The sepals and petals of the original species are
whitish, and well marked with purple, whereas the
sepals of M. Moreliana are of chocolate purple.
The variety radians has the sepals and petals
whitish ; the lip, pure white, is marked with purplish
lines. The Miltonias are easily grown, but they
have the peculiar characteristic of becoming of a
yellow tinge all over ; this is caused by too free
an exposure to the sun, and does not betoken a bad
state of health. When in the yellow form, they
flower more freely than they do if the leaves are kept
of a nice green colour by shading.

Oncidium aurosum, not usually free-flowering, had
formed two nice spikes in the cool-house; it is a
rather pretty plant, and flowering in September, it is
valuable. It is vigorous in growth, and has flowers
with rich yellow sepals and petals, lightly blotched
with brown at the base, and a yellow lip. It is
evidently the same plant as the O. excavatum of
Lindley.

The collection of Phalamopsis is the principal
feature in the warm-house; such admirable speci-
mens are a credit to the cultivator, as they cannot be
obtained or maintained without incessant care on his
part. •/. Douglas.

Catti.eva Dowiana adrba.
One of the finest examples of this noble Cattleya
which I have seen comes from Mr. Robert Johnson,
gardener to Thos. Statter, Esq., Whitefield, near
Manchester. The sepals and petals are rich bright
yellow ; the large and handsome labellum almost
wholly orange, even to the margin ; the only other

356

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Settembeb 28, 1889.

colour being a narrow marbling of crimson on the
edge of the lip, and the usual veining of crimson at the
base, but less pronounced than in the ordinary forms.
The variety seems to have the richest yellow colour
of any of the large-flowered Cattleyas, and is
very fragrant. Whilst not botanically different
from the typical C. Dowiana, the form known in
most gardens as C. aurea, which comes from
the state of Antioquia, and is separated from the
habitat of the original C. Dowiana by a distance
of 500 or 600 miles, is a much easier plant to
cultivate and flower freely than the Costa Rican
C. Dowiana. J. O'B.

Obchids at the Firs, Sydenham.

Mr. Dorman has still an excellent collection of
Orchids, some rare species and many well-marked
varieties being found amongst them, and, for the
season of the year, there are a considerable number
of them in flower. Amongst Cattleyas was C. spe-
ciosissima, a species with sepals and petals of a light
rosy-purple colour, and lip of a rich amethyst purple.
A contrast to this was a nice plant of Lfelia Day-
ana, small in size, but conspicuous by reason of its
deep purple lip. This is sometimes described as a
distinct species, but it is really only a form of L.
pumila. The original species was discovered by Dr.
Gardner when exploring a mountainous district near
Rio de Janeiro. A few good forms of Cattleya eldo-
rado were in flower. This Cattleya is a very distinct
form of the labiata section ; the flowers are only of
medium size, but of exquisite form, and the rich
orange-coloured blotch in the centre of the lip is
conspicuous ; the variety, C. splendens, was in
flower.

Lselia elegans prasiata was beautifully in flower ;
three spikes were on the plant, one of which bore
three very fine flowers. The sepals and petals are
rosy-purple, with a flush of buff in the colour. The
lip is violet-purple.

Galeandra Baueri was nicely in flower, and is cer-
tainly a distinct and pretty Orchid to cultivate.
The sepals and petals are brownish-yellow. The lip
pnrple, with yellow throat. These plants are not
often met with, but they are easily cultivated if
placed near the glass in a warm-house, when making
their growth. It is very essential to keep them free
from red-spider and thrips.

Odontoglossum Schrcederianum was in flower in
the Cattleya- house. The peculiar formation and
markings of the flowers scarcely bear out the sup-
position of Reichenbach, that of a cross between O.
tripudians and O. Pescatorei. I rather agree with
the same authority when he wrote of it as " A
unique Odontoglossum, quite unlike anything that
has appeared before in Europe." The flowers have a
sweet perfume in the morning ; the sepals and petals
are white, barred and blotched with a brownish
colour; the lip white, blotched with mauve-purple.
In the same house, O. vexillarium superbum was
conspicuous by its rose-coloured sepals and petals,
and the triangular rich purplish-crimson blotch in
the centre of the flowers. In the cool-house there
■were three fine forms of Odontoglossum Harryanum
in flower. This distinct and fine species seems to
like the same treatment as 0. vexillarium. Amongst
Masdevallias, M. Davisii, golden yellow ; M. Harry-
ana versicolor, and M. Roezlii, well represented the
genus. Oncidium Forbesii was also distinct and
good. J. Douglas.

Florists' Flowers.

HOUSING CHRYSANTHEMUMS.
Chrysanthemum plants should now be placed out
of the reach of frost, which sadly injures the blooms
if wet with dew. An orchard-house or vinery from
which the crop is consumed are suitable places for
the plants. Give abundance of air in the absence of
frost, and liberal supplies of water at the roots, and,
to assist the plants in the production of large blooms,
dressings of some suitable artificial manure should be

given at least three times in the fortnight, but all
the better if it be applied twice a week. The venti-
lators should be closed on frosty nights ; and if
blooms are required in the first or the second week
in November, it may be necessary to give a little
fire-heat by night and daring sunless days, but
removing the forwardest plants into a cool-house
to retard them. H. W. W.

PRIMULINA TABACUM, n. sp.

This curious new monotypic genns is of a very
interesting character, to the botanist. It has
the habit and flowers of a Primula, and indeed so
far is this likeness carried, that it is only by dis-
section one finds it is a Gesneriad. It was first dis-
covered in October, 1881, by the Rev. B. C. Henry,
at Tai-li, China, and described by Hance in the
Journal of Botany, vol. xxi., pp. 109-170. Mr.
Henry says that.^when alive, it exhales a powerful
odour of Tobacco, which it communicates to the
hands of anyone touching it, and that it is uni-
versally known to the natives as Skck-in, signify-
ing rock Tobacco. The leaves, as may be seen, are
orbicular, oblong, obtuse, with a cordate base, and
lobed margins. The specimens in the Kew Her-

FlG. 52.— PRIMLLINA TABACUM : FLOWERS VIOLET.

barium from the Kwantung province, are much
finer than the living specimen in the Kew collection ;
but, as Dr. Hance observes, it is very delicate, and
exceedingly troublesome to rear in cultivation. He
says he had only a single living flower to examine,
which may account for his describing it as albo-pur-
purascens, whereas the flowers on the specimen we
have seen are violet, with a white throat, the limb
about an inch in diameter. The whole plant is
more or less covered with glandular hairs. Although
Primulina tabacum may be described as a pretty
alpine, its slow growth, and apparent mifiiness, will
almost certainly be against its making headway in
cultivation. It is possible, however, if seed can be
saved, that the progeny may be more easily managed
than the parent (see fig. 52). J). D.

Plant Notes.

LACHENALIAS.

These are small bulbous plants, capable of yield-
ing a maximum return for a very little labour.
Their requirements are few and simple, and they
may be grown by anyone having the means of keeping
them from being frozen in winter, but any place
where the temperature ranges from just above the
freezing-point to 50° Fahr. would suit them admir-
ably ; indeed, the less lire-heat they get the better. If

they are much forced, the foliage and flower-spikes are
very apt to become drawn, which not only mars their
beauty, but causes the flowers to be of much shorter
duration, and the plants liable to be overrun with
insects. The early part of August is a suitable season
to overhaul the stock, and if it is desired to increase
or add new 6orts to the existing stock, early delivery
by the nurseryman should be insisted on. Since the
foliage ripened off, they have been put completely at
rest by withholding water, and the tubers should be
repotted before they begin to grow again, which they
very soon will do. In repotting, turn the bulbs out
of the soil, and sort them into various sizes, a
plan preferable to potting the smaller offsets with
the larger tubers. As to the size of pots to
use, much would depend on individual requiremenst,
but 48's or 32's will generally be found the most
useful sizes. Sometimes large pans' of the depth of
those pots mentioned, are employed with excellent
results ; where this is practised, not only are more
tubers required, but they are not, on account of their
size, so easily accommodated with a suitable position
in winter. Small pots work in better on shelves
near to the glass, and are therefore more convenient
if they have to be wintered in a mixed greenhousei
but the best position is in a low pit or frame, where
frost is excluded. Properly crock the pots or pans,
and fill them up to within about an inch of the rim,
using friable loam as the staple of the compost,
adding some fine leaf mould, a little pulverised
manure, and sufficient sharp sand to keep the soil
porous. Plant the pots rather thickly with tubers,
leaving just as much space as will admit of a thin layer
of soil between each bulb. When the pot is finished,
there ought to de 'about \ an inch of soil above the
roots. Aicer potting, plunge in a cold frame, and
give no more water than is required to keep the soil
moist ; and as soon as the leaves appear, afford the
frame plenty of air. The sorts commonly met with
are L. tricolor, L. t. lutea, L. Nelsoni, and L. pen-
dula. All are beautiful, their yellow, red and yellow,
spikes of flowers being charmingly neat and elegant.
F.B.

BoUGAINVILLEA GLABRA.

Those whose experience of this showy climbing
plant is confined to pot plants, have only a faint idea
to what proportions it will attain when planted out.
I saw a good example to-day at The Grange, Lime-
rick, where Mr. Wilmouth has it planted out in a
narrow border, and trained up the back wall of a
lean-to stove, where, at the present time, literally
faggots of its showy flowers could be cut. •/. D.

The Apiary.

•

SEASONABLE HINTS.

Quickly feed up, if not already done. The late
hot weather seems to be going, and a certain look
about the gardens tells of the steady but sure
approach of winter.

Wasps.

Many bees are now having to 'wage a continual
warfare with these pests. Where the bees are strong,
wasps have not much chance, but where wasps are
plentiful — as they are here— it is best to nearly close
the entrances, so as to save the bees unnecessary
warfare. Otherwise it is best for entrances to be
open, even all the winter.

After feeding is over, a few days could be given to
the bees to settle down, then they ought to be packed
up for winter. I think there is nothing like
American cloth for this purpose, as a first covering.
Put the glazed side downwards ; then cover up with a
few pieces of carpet, chaff cushions, or cushions
filled with cork-dust are recommended as well ;
but we do not find these are necessary when
the bees are strong, -and no weak hives ought
to be allowed. But there are sure to be weak
hives in most apiaries. Well, do not, treat them
as the Spartans did the weak, i.e., kill them,
but mix them with others. It is very little use to
bolster up weak hives. It is a good thing to look at

September 28, 1889.]

TEE GARDENERS1 CHRONICLE.

357

the hives quietly before packing up for winter, and
see if the queens are all right. If a hive is found to
be queenless, either give it another queen imme-
diately, or join it to another hive. The latter is
best, except done by an expert. Some people put
all their bees into fresh hives just before winter sets
in, but we think this is best done in the spring of
the year. This part of the year ought to be more a
season for settling down than being disturbed,
besides the chances given for the bees to rob.
Winter passages are also recommended by some.
This means boring a half-inch hole through the
whole of the combs, so that the bees can pass from
one comb to another for food without leaving the
cluster. It may be good in some cases, and some
seasons. We have ourselves had bees die in a hive
with plenty of stores, and suppose the bees could not
get at them very well. There is no harm in trying
it. Bee.

Plants and Their Culture.

The Cool Conservatory. — This structure should
be cleansed inside and out and repaired, the inmates
being meanwhile taken out. Large Camellias often
placed in this house, will be still in the open air, so
that the work will be the more easily done. All
plants should be cleaned before being housed, and
pots and tubs renewed if necessary. The creepers
will require to be regulated, and Passifloras and other
rampant plants thinned out. Lapagerias will now be
in bloom, and care must be taken that the flowers
not injured. This plant is subject to scale and are
thrip, and should always have a thorough cleansing
when at rest, but if infested with insects at the
flowering time, the foliage must be sponged.
The plants should get plenty of water and a top
dressing of Clay's fertiliser occasionally whije in
bloom. Plumbago capensis will require to be
treated similarly, and will then last a long
time in bloom. The shading material, if it be remov-
able, should be taken down when dry, repaired, and put
away till next year. If the directions given in previous
calendars were followed, there will be no lack of fur-
nishing plants to fill this house. Such useful
things as late-sown Celosias, dwarf Balsams, in
5-inch pots ; Gomphrena globosa, small Fuchsias, and
Mignonette ; also the easily grown Nicotiana affinis
is most serviceable if sown to come on now. To have
this plant to flower in succession, sowings should
be made at three different periods. The summer
blooming Chrysanthemums will now be in the con-
servatory, and will fill the stages till the later growers
come in. These latter should have the buds thinned
as soon as they are formed, and be kept clear
of suckers at the base of the plants ; giving
them plenty of liquid-manure, and keep a
sharp watch for green-fly and mildew. They
will soon require to be placed under cover,
for which space must be made without delay. The
autumn-blooming Begonias, of which Weltoniensis
and Knowsleyana are the best-known, may now be
placed at the warmest part of the conservatory,
where they will flower for a long time, and may be
afterwards removed to a warmer house. Cassia
corymbosa is a valuable autumn bloomer, of easy
culture, and should always find a place at this
season among the decorative plants. A few Helio-
tropes, if they have been potted on for this purpose,
will also be of use. Some of the early-sown Primulas
will be ready to transfer from frames to this house,
" and if last year's plants were divided, they also will
come into early flower. These plants should be
allowed to carry nearly all their trusses for an early
display, throwing them away when past their best ;
and to enable them to carry so much flower, doses of
liquid manure must be afforded them occasionally.

Bulbs. — Early Roman Hyacinths will soon be
ready to remove out of the plunging material, and
should then be placed in a cold frame for two or
three weeks, the light being gradually admitted.
The main portion of the Dutch bulbs should be
potted and plunged in cocoa-fibre or clean sifted
coal-ashes. The last potting of Roman Hyacinths
should be done now, also the useful Chionodoxa

Lucilice and Scilla siberica, which are useful flowers
in good masses to employ with Roman Hyacinths.
Schizostylis coccinea is now pushing up strong spikes
of flower, and these will be found most useful. This
plant does not require to be dried off so much as many
other bulbs. Triteleia uniflora, Gladiolus the Bride,
and Liliums of the early blooming section should
be potted as soon as possible and plunged in a cold
frame. Among the many beautiful varieties of Nar-
cissus, the yellow hoop-petticoat and the citrinus
and monophyllus species should be grown — they are
most useful for pot culture, and the first two named
are very effective when massed in pans for the out-
side rows of conservatory stages. G. Wythet, Syon
House, Brentford.

The Hardy Fruit Garden.

Fruit-tree Planting. — As the best time for the
planting of fruit trees is approaching, the number of
trees to be planted should be ascertained, and a list
prepared and forwarded to the nurseryman. As a
rule, Peaches and Nectarines are the first to be
attended to, therefore any worn-out trees or too late
varieties which are to be replaced with suitable more
ones, should at once be rooted out, and the stations
got in readiness for the new trees. Peaches and
Nectarines are very successfully grown in this
neighbourhood, but as the late varieties are very
uncertain as regards their ripening satisfactorily,
I have decided to root out all of them at once,
and to plant Waterloo, Hale's Early, Early York,
Alice, Grosse Mignonne, Stirling Castle, Royal
George, Bellegarde, Dymond (a grand Peach),
Alexandra Noblesse, and the old Noblesse ; while
Napier, Elruge, Humboldt, Pine-apple, and Pit-
maston Orange Nectarines will be included in the
list. In preparing the places for the young trees,
dig out the old soil to the depth of 2 feet, and
6 inches deeper if the soil is of a heavy nature,
so that there is space for ample drainage, and
the holes should not be less than 4 feet
wide, measuring from the wall — more would be
better. Every particle of old root and soil
should be taken away, and after putting the drain-
age right, cover it over with turves, the herbage
downwards ; or, if these are not obtainable, a thin
laying of strawy manure may be used. Fill up the
holes with a mixture of moderately heavy fibrous
loam, with a few shovelfuls of old mortar, and a good
sprinkling of i-inch bones. It may be stated that,
when good soil is procurable, manure is not required ;
but poor soils, and those that are very heavy, will be
much improved by mixing a little manure with them,
but this should be decayed. Tread the soil moderately
firm when it is fairly dry, preserving some of the
finer part of it to work in among the roots at plant-
ing-time. As to the distance from tree to tree when
planting long stretches of wall, it will be found that
18 or 20 feet is wide enough. Plant on the level
when the soil is light and well drained, and in warm
districts ; but in cold parts, borders that are raised
considerably above the garden level, are more suit-
able for Peaches, and Nectarines, and Figs. As the
fruits are cleared from the trees, lose no time in
getting them pruned, so that those branches left for
fruiting may ripen well, and give them after pruning
a thorough washing with the engine, to dislodge
red-spider and any insect which may infest them.
H. Markhayn, Mcreworth Castle, Kent.

Fruits Under Glass.

The Vines. — The Vines in the early-honse should
be well ripened by this time, and ready for pruning.
In pruning at the end of the month, choose well-
matured, fully-developed buds to cut back to, and put
some styptic on the wounds if there is any fear of
bleeding, and keep the house cool, the lights being
opened top and bottom, so as to give a thorough rest
to the Vines before starting to force them. If not
already done, the border may be top-dressed, and
the house made clean, lime-washing the walls.

Vines in later houses, if their foliage is still fresh,
may have their shoots shortened a little, and a mild
heat kept up, with a free circulation of air, to aid the
ripening of the young wood. In late vineries, where
Lady Downe's Seedling and other late varieties of
Grapes are growing, a generally even temperature
should be kept up, but there should be no excite-

ment of the Vines ; and air should be admitted in
favourable weather, carefully excluding damp air and
fog, and avoiding the spilling of water." If the
borders require to be watered, choose a sunny day
for the job, and cover up the border with dry
material at once, so as to prevent evaporation in a
great degree.

All ripe Grapes should be looked over twice a
week, removing decayed berries, and all laterals as
fast as they appear. If the Muscats lack colour, the
bunches should be gradually exposed to the light,
by pulling the leaves on one side ; and if the outside
borders are in a sufficiently moist condition, now is
a good time to cover them with corrugated zinc, or
wooden shutters, or some other means of turning off
rain and snow.

Pot Vines. — Any of these intended for early work
should now be in a matured state ; and, after pruning,
they should be kept quite cool.

Figs. — In houses where the second crop of fruit
has been gathered, the trees should have all their
useless shoots removed, and a little fire-heat, with
a free circulation of air kept up to ripen the wood,
syringing the trees occasionally on fine sunny days.
Later houses, in which the trees are in bearing, may
have manure-water when water is required, the crop
of fruit thinned if it be too large, and the shoots not
too thickly trained. Give full exposure to the fruit
at this late season, and a little gentle fire-heat, with
a free circulation of dry warm air to assist them, and
to impart flavour. W. Bennett, Rangemore, Burton-on-
Trent.

The Kitchen Garden.

The Treatment of Beetroot. — This vegetable
is best liked when it is of moderate size, and the
flavour is best when the roots are freshly taken out
of the earth. Frost will greatly injure it, and the
plan I adopt to keep Beet in good condition is to
lift the crop, select the best heads, great care
being exercised in lifting and sorting them, so that
no injury is done to the roots ; an out-of-the-way
border is then selected, and a trench is taken out
deep enough to hold the roots in an upright position ;
these are then laid carefully along the trench, keep-
ing them about 2 inches apart ; the soil is then
turned over on the roots, and another trench in front
of the former, parallel to it, and about a foot away
from it is made. It is best to keep the soil about
2 inches higher than the top of the roots. During
hard frosts afoot-deep layer of straw, light litter, or
tree leaves should be placed over the ground. The
leaves of the plants should not be removed, and
when they are taken to the kitchen, the leaves should
never be cut close to the crown, as much of the
juice would then flow out, the flavour be spoiled, and
the flesh appear pale.

French Beans. — The sharp nips of frost of late will
have destroyed the plants out-of-doors in many
places. Those Beans which were sown in pits will
now be in condition to furnish a supply of fresh
pods, and where the pits are heated no danger need
be apprehended from damp ; on the other hand, when
the warmth is merely that of the sun, or is derived
from dung linings, the danger from damp is greater.
When applying water to the plants in such structures,
let it be a tew degrees warmer than the temperature
of the air, the watering being done as early in the
morning as it is safe to do it without causing a check
to the plants by admitting cold air. By so doing,
superfluous moisture has time to evaporate before the
evening. Beans in heated pits should be frequently
syringed to ward off red-spider. A sowing should
now be made in pots, and in doing so, fill the pots
two-thirds full of a mixture of loam, leaf soil, and
Mushroom-bed manure, and in each pot, place six
beans, pressing these about 1 inch into the soil, set
the pots near to the hot-water pipes, and when the
plants are 1 inch high, place them close to the glass
to prevent weakly growth. When two leaves have
pushed forth, take away the three weaker plants in
each pot, and place some rich compost as a top-
dressing to within 1 inch of the rim of the pot. A
sowing should be made at intervals of three weeks.

Peas.— Little Gem, American Wonder, or Chelsea
Gem Peas may be sown in 8-inch pots, to be placed
in frames until the cold weather shall prevent them
making progress, when thev may be removed to an
early vinery or Peach-house, and grown on shelves
near the glass. Peas may be sown in boxes to
furnish stems, to be cut when a few inches high, as
flavouring for soups. W. M. haillie, Luton Hoo,
Luton.

358

TEE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Septembeb 28, 1889.

APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.

(ALES.

Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens* Booms.
Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris'
MONDAY, Sept. 30^ Rooms.

Greenhouse Plants, at Gipsy Hill,

by Protheroe & Morris.

/Roses, Conifers, aud other Plants,
\ at the Citv Auction Rooms, by
TUESDAY, Oct, 1< Protheroe & Morris.

i Lilium auratum and others, at l'ro-
\ theroe & Morris' Rooms.

( Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens' Room*.
2-^Gr.

THURSDAY, | Oct. 3,j

WEDNESDAY, OCT. 2 J Greenhouse Plants and Dutch Bulbs
( at Protheroe & Morris' Rooms.
Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris'

Rooms.
Orchids, Rhododendrons, &c., at

Lamoran Rectory, Cornwall, by

Mr. H. Thomas.
Established Orchids, by order of

G. T. White, Esq., at Protheroe

& Morris' Rooms.

Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms.
Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris'
Rooms.

FRIDAY, LOCT.

SATURDAY, Oct.

CORRECTED AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR THE ENSU-
ING WEEK, DEDUCED FROM THE OBSERVATIONS
OF FORTY-THEEE YEARS, AT CHISWICK-54°.5.

The ctiiswick The much looked-for Vegetable

Vegetable Cou- Conference is a thing of the past,

ference. but jt mw% Qave ]eft ]jehind a

favourable impression, which will not readily be
effaced. We have had in the past plenty of
vegetable exhibitions, but whilst showing to us
the highest forms of kitchen garden produce,
displayed temptingly, though perhaps rather
monotonously, there is an air of unreality
about them, because they do not present to us
the average produce of our gardens, but only
choice selections. Now the charm of the great
vegetable display at Chiswick was found in the
display of vegetables pretty much as they are
in general cultivation. There were none of the
meretricious aids to effect which mark the prize-
winning collections in competitions. The various
exhibitors who so ungrudgingly sent or brought
their products from all parts of the kingdom,
were more animated by a desire to display
their samples and add to the great educational
work in hand, than to make a display ; and
yet, all the same, there were products on the
tables which indicated at once the highest
culture and excellence of form to be found in
any competitive show at any time.

If there was, during the progress of the Con-
ference arrangements at their earlier stages, some
doubt as to the response which would result from
the appeal made to the gardeners and traders of
the kingdom to send their products, all such fear
was happily dispelled on Tuesday morning, for
the result exceeded the most ardent expectations.
The only drawback was the wretchedly wet
weather which prevailed, and yet that drawback
was tempered by the assurance that the down-
pour would throughout all the southern parts of
the country be productive of exceeding good.
The presence at the Conference of those eminent
continental seedsmen, Mr. Henry de Vilmorin,
of Paris, and Mr. John Benary, of Erfurt,
and who took part with such exceeding hearti-
ness in the duties of the judges or censors, gave
to the gathering an element of an Inter-
national kind, the value of which cannot be over-
estimated, and which we very cordially desire

to see largely augmented on future occasions.
British gardeners will be interested to learn that,
although in France horticulture enjoys to a large
extent State support and protection, yet Mr.
de Vilmorin speaks in the highest praise of gar-
dening as practised here, and was loud in his
commendation of the splendid examples of British
skill in the vegetable department seen at Chis-
wick. Mr. de Vilmorin himself sent over from
France numerous capital examples of the pro-
duce of that country, which did not fail to
elicit the warmest commendation.

The admirable way in which the censors
entered into the difficult and onerous work of
selecting types and awarding certificates in the
various classes they had under their notice, merits
all praise. Barely have we seen more hearty or
more intelligent interest shown ; interest, indeed,
which seemed to grow as the work advanced, and
there can be no doubt whatever that the publi-
cation of these gentlemen's reports will be awaited
with more than ordinary anxiety, and for that
reason they should be collated and published at
the earliest possible moment. Some twenty-four
gentlemen, seedsmen, market gardeners, and
private gardeners, readily and cheerfully accepted
the responsible duties allotted to them, and
admirably discharged them. Very^naturally, the
chief difficulty found by the jurors in the dis-
charge of their duties was that of determining
the types, and the most important lesson of the
Conference derived from this difficulty evidently
is, that in any future gathering of a similar kind,
the type must be determined beforehand, and the
exhibits classified by the various growers before
being sent in.

On the recent occasion there was no general
assortment of types, but they were all mixed up,
so that the work of the jurors was rendered ex-
ceedingly difficult. It is obvious that hence-
forth there must be no mixed collections. The
schedule of any future vegetable conference
should ask for exhibits of a specific nature, the
types being determined beforehand. Thus, taking
Onions, for instance — and Onions formed at the
Conference a remarkable display, in spite of their
mixed-up condition — we should invite not more
than three sorts — say, of Silver-skins, of flat, or
Spanish ; of Globe, or oval ; and of the Tripoli
types, although, perhaps, the latter would be
found plentiful amongst the others. Also single
dishes should be asked for under each heading,
from those unable to send three sorts. Then
there would be at once secured a most valuable
means of comparison. Perhaps all the growers
would not be exact in their respective types, but
those errors the jurors could rectify.

Carrots proved to be a singularly attrac-
tive section, but here again there was much con-
fusion of form and of nomenclature. The jurors
had to report that many samples of so-called
intermediate varieties were really long forms,
the growers having probably been misled by
names. Now we find in Carrots the true Short
Horn ; the large stock illustrated by the Nantes
type ; the Intermediate of the now very popular
and well-known form; and the long, taper-
ing form, both red and white. To have these four
sections classified beforehand would be an im-
mense gain, and, having regard to the remarkable
readiness shown at the Conference on the part of
growers to fulfil, as far as possible, the re-
quirements of the committee of management,
there can be no doubt but that in relation to
suggestions for future gatherings they would
fall in with them readily. Perhaps it would
be well in future years to limit the area of the
Conference, so far as vegetables are concerned —
(and the remark applies with equal force to all

these Chiswick conferences) — to such subjects as
seem to have allied characters. Thus, tubers,
bulbs, and taproots would of themselves suffice
to form a remarkably instructive show, whilst all
the green vegetables, with fruits and pulse, might
be taken another year, and so on biennially.
But there is yet another suggestion worthy of all
consideration : it is that we ought to have two of
such conferences yearly — one in June, for the best
summer vegetables, and one in the autumn, for all
those varieties which furnish our winter vegetable
supply. We have with the diverse seasons such
diversity of vegetables, that the autumn finds few
or no representatives of the best and most valu-
able of the summer products ; therefore the de-
ductions from one season's produce are necessarily
largely to be discounted by the products of an-
other period. Even if we could hold smaller
Conferences monthly during the summer and
autumn, they would hardly be too numerous to
enable full justice to be done to the many excel-
lent varieties of vegetables in cultivation. As it
was, we saw many of the vegetables in defective
form, because they are hardly at their best till
November ; whilst some others were past their
best, because so late.

The class for novelties produced little merit,
and even the salads were not equal to our
capacities by a long way, but the present time of
the year is hardly a salad season.

The short time intervening between the
pulication of the Conference schedule and
the holding of the gathering did not enable
that preparation to be made, which, other-
wise, would have been productive of such
great results. If the seed trade, operating
through their vast army of gardener customers,
take the matter up with zest, they could help
to the production of quality and variety in the
exhibits, such as would astonish even the most blase
frequenter of exhibitions.

We cannot leave this matter without paying
tribute to the Boyal Horticultural Society for
the spirit of enterprise displayed in encouraging
these conferences, to the committee of manage-
ment for the admirable manner in which the
arrangements were carried out, the burden of
which naturally fell heavily upon Mr. Babron,
and not least to the unselfishness and magna-
nimity of the numerous |seed firms and
gardeners, who not only sent their products, but
came themselves to help to make the Conference a
success. The ordinary prize competitions of the
provincial or local horticultural shows have not
absolutely demoralised everyone, and so far as
the Boyal Horticultural Society is concerned, we
hope that it may so grow in the estimation of
the horticulturalists of the kingdom, that it
may not be needful except in special cases that
it should offer many prizes to ensure the hearty
co-operation of all.

It is, to be regretted, that the private gardeners
of the country did not exhibit more numerously,
but, as the exhibition was one for instruc-
tional purposes only, and was not designed^ as
a show of cultural skill, there was, of course, not
the incitement of emulation and rivalry which
pertains to an ordinary show. Still, gardeners
should not regard the work of the Boyal Horti-
cultural Society from a merely selfish point of
view, but as one undertaken solely for the benefit
of horticulture and of those who practice the art.
The fierce rivalry of prize competitions is, of
course, not without its advantages, but the object
of the Boyal Horticultural Society most assuredly
should not primarily be devoted to such displays,
but more particularly to solid substantial work,
and to the collection and diffusion of useful in»
formation. By means of these Congresses, and

September 28, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

359

Fit*. 53. — NEW TYPKS OV HY1SHID DLADIOLI. (sKk P. 360.)

360

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 28, 1889.

especially by maintaining an experimental garden
at Chiswick, much more real good can be done
than by providing a " scramble " for prizes to be
used for purposes of puffing and self-laudation.
We should also have liked to have seen the
market-garden and the allotment-garden elements
better represented, because it is quite certain
that much more may and, we trust, will be done
in the future, in the way of commercial vege-
table culture and preservation, than heretofore.

It is requisite also that at these Conferences,
exhibitors should, as we have indicated, be self-
sacrificing enough to split up their collections so
as to permit of fair comparison. In a com-
petitive show, this is too much to ask an exhibitor
to do, but where the object is not the glorification
of the individual, but the advancement of the
craft in general, it is not much of a sacrifice that
is demanded after all.

Very few absolute novelties, as we have re-
marked already, were exhibited, and this we look
upon with regret, for there is no doubt we are
far too conservative in the matter of vegetables,
and that many more kinds might be used than
are known to our cooks. It is to be regretted
also that in such a specially instructive exhi-
bition Messrs. Sutton, of Reading, did not show
some of the results of their interesting experi-
ments in hybridising the Potato.

With regard to cookery, our Continental
neighbours are infinitely better off than we.
The manner in which vegetables are often
cooked in this country is really a disgrace to
our kitchens. The vegetables served up at the
dinner at Cannon Street Hotel on the Tuesday
evening formed no exception to the general rule,
and the Royal Horticultural Society might do
worse than offer a prize on some suitable occa-
sion for the best ceoked vegetables.

The dinner at the Cannon Street Hotel, on
Tuesday night, was largely attended by the
fraternity, and passed off to the general satis-
faction. Mr. Veitch presided, and worthily
set forth the praises of the gardener. Mr.
Wilks made an admirable speech, proving once
more what an excellent Hon. Secretary the
Royal Horticultural Society now has. Mr.
Hibberd was in " good form," and all went well.

The decorations of the saloon consisted largely
of fine Talms kindly lent by Messrs. Yeitch &
Sons, and Messrs. Wills & Segar.

The Congress was opened on Wednesday by a
speeoh from Sir Trevor Lawrence, the Pre-
sident of the Society, who, in the course of his
remarks, animadverted not too severely on the
manner in which English cooks, as a rule, spoil
the excellent material submitted to them by the
gardener, expressed his astonishment that the
preservation of vegetables was not practised to
a greater extent in this country, and that we
should be dependent on our foreign neighbours
for what we might equally well, if not better,
produce ourselves. The President called atten-
tion to some excellent vegetables much neglected
in this country, such as the Celeriac, the Cardoon,
to which he might have added the Finocchio.
He counselled the use of Marrows in a much
earlier state than we are accustomed to eat them,
a remark that provoked dissent from one of the
audience, who was promptly asked if he had
made the experiment, and, as no answer was
vouchsafed, the presumption is that he had
not. The President also gave a receipt for
scrambled eggs, recommending that large pieces
of Capsicum pods should be mixed with the
eggs to diffuse flavour, but to be picked out and
not eaten on account of the great heat. The
use of Tomatos was also advocated in this con-
nection, Sir Trevor making the mouths of his

auditory water by the way in which he descanted
on the good things of the vegetable world. Lastly,
in becoming terms, the President thanked the
Congress Committee and the gardeners for their
valuable services on this occasion. The Pre-
sident's speech was felicitous, and every one of
his auditors felt what good work the Society is
now doing, and how worthy it is of extended
support.

Following Sir Trevor, Mr. Veitch read a paper
dealing with the history of cultivated vegetables,
and sketching briefly the progress qf each of the
principal vegetables during the last quarter of a
century. He alluded to the excellent work carried
on at Chiswick, where all the vegetables, new
and old, are in turn submitted to growth
tinder the same conditions, and their qualities
compared and noted by qualified experts. The
progress made in the several vegetables seems to
have been most marked in the prolongation
of the season of use by the introduction of early
and of late varieties respectively. As to quality,
many of the older sorts still hold their own.
There has been, said Mr. Veitch, no lack of
activity among raisers, and still more, there has
been no lack of names, many of the varieties
having gone to the font several times. He ex-
hibited seed catalogues of thirty years' date, which
were thin and scanty indeed, as compared with
the thick and marvellously illustrated produc-
tions of to-day. Mr. Veitch — and none knows
better the good work the Society has done and is
doing — wound up with a hope that the gar-
deners would strain every nerve to maintain the
old Society, whose work was undertaken for no
selfish purpose, but for the common benefit
of all.

Mr. Hibberd spoke on the culture of Aspara-
gus, and was still speaking when our reporter
left. Mr. Norman was to follow on Salads.

NEW GLADIOLI. — Something like a " sensation "
was experienced lately, when Messrs. Veitch ex-
hibited, on behalf of M. Lemoines, some new^hybrid
Gladioli ; raised, we believe, by M. Max Leichtlin
in the first instance, between G. Saundersi and G.
gandavensis. G. Saundersi is comparatively hardy,
and has scarlet flowers, spotted with white on the
the lower segments. President Carnot, one of the
new race, has very broad open flowers, the perianth
segments spreading, bright crimson flaked on rose,
the two lower ones of the inner series have a yel-
lowish-white blotch at the base, mottled and streaked
with crimson. Prom the brilliant coloration, the flat
form of the flowers, the remarkable vigour and
hardiness of the strain, there is no doubt these
Gladioli will satisfy the public taste, and introduce a
new element of beauty into our gardens. Mr.
Gumbleton' has referred in detail to this new race
in our issue for August 10 last, p. 154. President
Carnot is shown in the centre of the group in the
illustration on p. 060, the flowers from which the
drawing was made measuring 5 inches across. On
the left-hand side is the variety Andre Chenier, of
Lemoines' hybrid spotted strain ; the colours are
cream, flushed with pink, with the two lower inner
segments purple, with golden-yellow apices, which
render it very conspicuous. The third variety shown
is Alsace, of the same section as the last, the colours
being pale buff and purple ; both these flowers are
much cupped. The superiority of the new
Nanceianus type is evident.

Gardeners' Orphan Fund.— We understand
that the Chiswick Gardeners' Association will give a
concert in aid of this institution on October 31, in
the Chiswick Vestry Hall.

The Late M. J. Berkeley. — Many of our

readers will be pleased to know that a notice of the
lamented mycologist, from the pen of Dr. J. Steven-
son, will appear in the October number of the

Naturalist.

Botanic Garden, Maritzburg, Natal. —

For some few months this garden has been under
the management of our well-known correspondent,
Mr. R. W. Adlam, whose various interesting accounts
of his " treckings " in Natal and the Transvaal have
appeared in these pages. In consequence of the
Botanic Garden at Maritzburg being, to a certain
extent, under the control of a committee of gentle-
men not well acquainted with horticulture, Mr.
Adlam felt himself hampered too much in his work,
and he has very properly resigned the appointment,
preferring to start in business as a nurseryman at
Pretoria, Transvaal.

CRINUM BRACHYNEMA.— This is a very elegant
flowered species, a flowering head of which has been
forwarded to us by Mr. James Smith, of Mentmore
Gardens, Leighton Buzzard. It belongs to the sec-
tion with a curved corolla tube. The plant in ques-
tion has an umbel of from fifteen to twenty flowers,
about 2 inches across, borne on a scape nearly
2 feet in length, and which is produced some time in
advance of the leaves. It is a native of the Bombay
Presidency, from whence a bulb was sent to Kew, by
Mr. Wood row, in 1870. A great charm exists in
the pure white colour of the lobes of the funnel-
shaped perianth, which is sweetly scented. The '
stamens are very short, and are borne at the orifice
of the tube, which they close over — in fact, that is a
distinguishing feature. A figure is given in the
Botanical Magazine, t. 5937.

MAIDSTONE. — Mr. Henry Lamb has published a
list of the flowering plants of Maidstone, omitting,
however, some very important families, such as
Grasses, Rushes, Sedges ; while, on the other hand,
some plants of the Tunbridge WpIIs district, a
totally different geological area, have been inserted.

THE LAURELS. — Dr. Mez has published in the
Jahrbuch of the Botanic Garden, Berlin, a monograph
of the American Laurels. It is constructed on the
models of the monographs in De Candolle's Suites
au Prodromus, and presents some improvements in
point of typographical detail. The omission of
dates of publication of the species referred to is to
be regretted. The enumeration of species in Latin
occupies nearly 500 octavo pages, in addition to which
there i3 an appendix on the morphological structure
in German. A few illustrative plates and an index
make the work a very complete one.

LlLIUM TESTACEUM.— It is stated that this
Lily, a supposed hybrid, has produced its seed-
vessels for the first time at Verrii-res, in the garden
of M. Henkt de Vilmorin. Abies cilicoca has
also, according to the Hemic Horticolc, produced its
cones in that establishment.

BIG MANGOES.— A Mango weighing 2 lb. 3 oz.
was sent lately to the Agri-Horticultural Society of
Madras from the Government Gardens, Bangalore, a
note from which place states that Mangoes, weighing
3 lb. each, and of local produce, may be seen in the
fruit-stalls, where ten of the monsters may be pur-
chased for a rupee. The Mangoes sent were of an
indifferent quality, but useful for pickling.

SESELE GUMMIFERUM. — A specimen of this
was lately sent us from the College Garden, Dublin,
by Mr. Burbidge. It is a stout, gnarled, knotted,
grey umbellifer, with rather fleshy bipinnate leaves,
with broad linear-oblong segments, and dense
umbels of pale lilac or pink flowers. The main
umbels are not surrounded by bracts, but the
secondary ones have each an involucre of spreading
linear bracts. Much gum exudes from the stem.

Japanese Distortions.— The dwarf trees so-
much affected by the Japanese are, according to M.
Vallot, produced first of all by selecting a young plant
of a dwarf variety preferably, which is placed in a pot
and allowed to form some roots, the tap-root is then
removed, and subsequently the leader shoot, the suc-
cession' shoots are twisted in every direction, being
tied down to make them grow in the required manner.
Constant pinching and pruning are also resorted to.

September 28, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

361

and the plant kept in a shallow pot, and the earth
kept removed for a certain distance from the roots,
which thus are partially uncovered and resemble the
legs of a spider, the body of the creature being re-
presented by the trunk of the distorted tree. The
time required for the production of these curiosities
is long. Many trees die in the process, or refuse to
submit to the continued restriction, in consequence
the price is high.

BROMELIADS. — M. Ed. Andre, who has not
only collected many beautiful plants in Colombia
and adjacent countries, but has been also the means
of introducing them into cultivation, has just
published an illustrated account of the Bromeliads.
We hope shortly to notice the work at greater length.

Chrysanthemum Conference. — The Royal

Horticultural Society is determined to lose no time ;
it sets a valuable example of enterprising cropping,
and will lie fallow no longer than it is compelled from
force of circumstances. The regulations for the
Chrysanthemum Centenary Conference and Exhibi-
tion, at Chiswick, on November 5 and 6, are now
published. The schedule has been issued, and a
paper of questions circulated among growers, not
necessarily exhibitors — questions, which, if answered
even partially, must bring out a large amount of
valuable information. We trust possessors of books
and pictures relating to Chrysanthemums will not do
as they did at the Rose Conference, omit to bring
them — because they thought some one else would or
that they would not be required !

PRIMULA Poissoni— It appears that the Paris
Floral Committee is as loth to recognise the im-
portance of a new plant, which is not at the moment
a plant for market, as is the London Committee.
One of M. Franchet's newly - described Chinese
species, sent home by the Abbe Delavay, and a plant
of great interest and merit as it seems, received only
a Second-class Certificate. The proper award for
such plants is a Botanical Certificate of at least
equal rank as the Floral Certificate.

ALOE FULGENS. — This is a species cultivated in
the Palermo Botanic Garden, and figured and de-
scribed in Baron Todaro's Hortits Botanicus Panormi-
tanm, vol. ii., t. 33. It is a species with deltoid
lanceolate channelled leaves, remotely dentate at the
margins, and with a central paniculate inflorescence,
the branches of which are erect, and bearing elongate
pyramidal many-flowered clusters. The flowers are
of a rich scarlet colour.

Flore FoRESTitRE de la Cochin Chine. —

The fourteenth part of this publication devoted to
the description and illustration of the trees and
shrubs of Cochin China has recently been issued.
In it M. Pierre describes and figures various Ster-
culiads and Dipterocarps. Among the latter is a
species newly described under the name of Diptero-
carpus Dyeri, and which is a noble tree, greatly
employed by the natives, both for its timber and its
resin.

Cyprus. — General Sir Robert Biddulph,
Governor of Cyprus, in an address before the British
Association, gave a detailed account of the geogra-
phical features of the island. The whole of the
forest lands of Cyprus occupied an area of 400 square
miles. When the British entered into occupation,
the ravages of the woodcutter were in full operation,
and it could not be doubted that the final destruc-
tion of the forests was only a question of time.
Then goats were very destructive to the forests,
destroying the trees where they were allowed to
pasture unrestrictedly. While in Italy the number
of goats was IS per square mile, in Cyprus the
number was 64 per square mile, and 1430 for every
1000 inhabitants. The destruction of the forests
produced elimatal disturbances, and diminished the
wealth and productiveness of the island. The Locust
plague increased wherever the forests were destroyed.
The farms were all worked by their proprietors, and

the consequence was that there were no wealthy
persons and no beggars. There were in the island
600,000 registered holdings of real property — that
was to say, more than three for each inhabitant.

"Catalogue of Orchids." — The Neder-

landische Orchidophilcn Club has published in
pamphlet form a list of the Orchids cultivated in
Europe, with their principal synonyms. The arrange-
ment is alphabetical, and the margin is sufficiently
wide to admit of the introduction of new names or
of short notes. An indication of the native country
is given, but which is, as usual, much too vague.
Ind. Or. may mean any part of the peninsula of India,
from the Himalayas to Ceylon, from Assam or
Tibet to Singapore, with corresponding diversity of
climate. An asterisk is attached to those species
deemed most worthy of cultivation, ^'and other
symbols indicate that the plant must be grown in a
hot, warm, or temperate house, or in the open air.
Such a list has long been a desideratum. It is pub-
lished by a private society for the use of its members,
but we believe that copies can be had at a slight cost
from Mr. Goemans, Gloucester Road, Kew.

Fig. 51.

-POTATO-TUBER BEETLE (COPROPHTLUS
STRIATULU3).

thoroughly appreciated the moisture, judging by
their present experience. Mr. Wilmouth, who takes
great interest in Begonias, is justly proud of his suc-
cess, and seeing that many of the blooms are over
G inches in diameter, of good form and substance, it
is not to be wondered at. They were raised from
Messrs. Lainq's strain, aud quite equal many of that
firm's noted varieties.
I \
LILY OF THE VALLEY. — The Illustration Horti-
cole tells us that th^Vjiilesian Railway brings into
Berlin every evening during the season truck-loads
of these flowers. Each wagon contains thirty baskets,
each basket contains 300 bundles, each composed of
100 stalks, that is to say 900,000 per wagon. The
little bouquets sold in the streets comprise ten
stems, so that each wagon contains 90,000 of them.

Problems in Horticulture.— We are glad to

see our excellent American contemporary {Garden
and Forest) calling attention to some of these, such
as the direct influence of the pollen on the fruit, the
effects of grafting, the influence of hybridisation,
&c. Let these subjects but be started, and the
widest differences of opinion become manifest among
practitioners. The truth is, such matters are not as
a rule to be settled by mere observation, or by
the experience, so called, even of the wisest. They
demand patient research, and searching experiments
with all the means or appliances that advanced
science can devise. Many controversialists appear to
be destitute of even a smattering of first principles,
and their dogmatism is in inverse ratio to their
knowledge.

Begonias as Bedding Plants.— Very notice-
able in the flower garden at The Grange, CO.
Limerick, at the present time are five large beds of
tuberous-rooted Begonias. The wet weather lately
experienced has considerably marred the beauty of
most of the other beds ; the Begonias, however, have

POTATO-TUBER BEETLE.

The tubers of this most valuable vegetable are
not subject, in any great degree to the attacks of
insects ; amongst the latter, however, are occasion-
ally to be found the caterpillars of the omnivorous
heart and dart-moth (Agrotis sp.), and several
species of mites, figured by Mons. Guerin Meneville
in a memoir on the insects attacking the Potato.
When partially decayed, they also invite the attacks
of some of the scavenger groups of small insects of
the families Nitidulida; and Staphylinidoe, the latter
of which, generally termed rove-beetles, are very
numerous, both in the number of their species and in
that of their individuals, which prey upon decaying
animal and vegetable matters, especially fungi,
agarics, See., in which they chiefly reside ; they are
also found in profusion under heaps of putrescent
plants, so that they may be regarded as amongst
the most pre-eminent of scavenger insects.

The memoir of M. Guerin Meaeville above
referred to, is entitled " Note sur les Acariens, les
Myriapodes, les Insectes, et les Helminthes observes
jusqu' ici dans les Pommes de Terre Malades," and
was publishedin the Bulletin des Seances de la SocUU
Eoyale et Cent rale d' Agriculture of Paris, in October,
1845. The mites described in this memoir are
named Glyciphagus feculorum, Guer. M., and Tyro-
glyphus fecuhe. Amongst the Myriapods Julus
guttulatus of Fabricius (J. fragrarius, Lamarck) is
mentioned. Of insects, a small Staphylinea of the
genus Calodera, two small coleopterous larva;, unde-
termined, a minute beetle of the genus Trichopteryx,
and the larva; of an Elater (Agrotis segetis), a
small dipterous fly of the genus Limosina (L.
Payenii), and the larva* of three other species of
Diptera ; and of the Helminthes, the Rhabditis
tuberculorum are described in this memoir. But M.
Guerin Meaeville considered that most of these
insects were accidental parasites of the Potato, which,
he thought, had for the most part received some
injury in its growth from the weather, or accidents.

A rare instance of the attacks of one of the species
of these small Rove beetles upon apparently sound
tubers of Potatos, has recently fallen under our
notice, communicated in the month of July last, by
a correspondent of the Gardeners' Chronicle from
St. Ann's Heath, Egham. Of this species we found
nearly a hundred specimens burrowing into a single
rather small tuber, which must clearly prove how
numerous the individuals must be, although hitherto
rarely found otherwise than singly. The tuber is
represented of the full size of the specimen attacked
in the accompanying woodcut (fig. 54), and the
beetle itself beneath, the natural length of which is
indicated by the line above the head of the insect,
which is scientifically known as Coprophilus
striatulus, the first name meaning " lover of excre-
ment," and the latter given in allusion to the deeply
impressed lines on the short wing-covers. The insect
is highly polished and black, but (in a less fully
developed state) of a chestnut colour, with the wing-
covers more or less pitchy. The body has the
sides nearly parallel (as in the numerous species
of Oxytefus, to which the insect is nearly
related), and more or less severely punctured, the

362

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Septembeb 28, 1889.

elytra have strongly impressed and pnnctnred stria-,
and the thorax is prettily sculptured with impressed
irregular sulci ; the fore tibiae are finely spiuulose,
and the tarsi have five joints, the first four very short
but distinct, the maxillary palpi have four joints, the
last being as long as the preced ing, and rather pointed
at the tip. The male has the seventh ventral seg-
ment prolonged and somewhat rounded at the end,
and the female has the same segment produced into
a somewhat rounded angle. The insect is figured in
Canon Fowler's Coleoptera of the British Islands, vol.
ii., p. 394, plate 67, fig. 9. In which work it is stated
that it is found in hay-stacks and vegetable refuse,
hot-beds, &c. It is generally distributed, and rather
common throughout the Loudon, Southern, and
Midland districts.* In Lincoln it is common on
pavements in early spring, running in the sun but not
found later in the year; rarer further North, Scar-
borough, Manchester, &c. ; Northumberland district
not common ; Scotland, Lowlands, scarce ; Solway,
Tweed, Forth, and Dee districts. I. 0. Westunod.

Home Correspondence.

A HEAVY SOUVENIR DU CONGRbS PEAR.—
Pears are scarce in this locality, and good fruits are few
and far between ; but from a young tree, of Souvenir
du Congres, growing on a south wall here, I gathered
a fruit last week which my employer, Mr. H. P.
Markham, had the curiosity to have weighed, and
which turned the scale at 19J oz. It was a good
shaped fruit, and well coloured. A tree or two of
this variety should be planted where early Pears are
required, as it is a robust grower, and the fruits, if
not of first-class flavour, are nice eating. The soil
here is sandy, with some iron in it. W. Cory, Sedge-
brooke, Northampton.

ROYAL SALEP.— Under this heading, p. 304 of
a recent issue, there is mention made of the identi-
fication of Badsha, or Royal Salep, with a species of
Onion Allium Macleani. Of the four sources of
salep, three are well-known and thoroughly substan-
tiated, none of which are Onions. Of the fourth,
"badassahi salem," described as "a very cheap and
poor substitute for true salep," the source is un-
known. Is this the " Roval Salep " above alluded
to ? If so, why " Royal ? " Wm. E. Dixon.

APPLE AND PEAR CONFERENCE.— Had " Corpo

Campo" (see p. 334) confined himself to calling
attention to the errors occurring in the City Press
of the 18th inst., in regard to the notice of the
tenth volume of the Rjyal Horticultural Society,
he would have been doing a public service. But
when he goes ont of his way to make allusions to the
latter journal and its plates, he is overstepping
legitimate bounds. "Corpo Campo" has certainly
no more grounds for associating Mr. C. B. Saunders,
of Jersey, with the editorship of Amateur Gardening
than he ha3 for associating Mr. J. Donglas with the
editorship of the Gardeners' Magazine, since nothing-
is mentioned in the City Press to lead him to
suppose such a thing definitely. Any one
who knows me will, I am sure, at least
credit me with the possession of sufficient honour
to abstain from taking credit for fame which justly
belongs to others, and especially so in the case in
question. It is quite evident from the tone of the
latter part of "Corpo Campo's" note that he
possesses a certain amount of animus against the
journal he designates a " thing," and has used the
above opportunity to hurl indirect abuse against it
and its editor. Had the writer had the courage and
manliness to have attached his full name instead of
a Bom deplume to his note, then your readers would
have been better able to have judged his reasons
for depreciating the journal. Perhaps you will
allow me to point out for the information of your

Notwithstanding this statement, no such attacks on

£X3enath,h;'he,^br P-OK-hrf. which would cer?ain°y
toveteen the case had the insect been an ordinary feeder on

correspondent that Amateur Gardening requires no
forcing into public notice, it being already well
known ; and further, whatever " Corpo Campo's "
personal opinion of the coloured plates may be, it is
sufficient for both proprietors and editors to know
that they are appreciated by the public. Finally, I
trust to your usual fairness to accord me space for
reply. J. W. Sanders, Editor of Amateur Gardening.

The editor of the City Press must be labouring

under some mistake in attributing to me the editor-
ship of Amateur Gardening, a publication with which
I am unacquainted, and which I do not recollect
having seen. Neither have I seen the plates referred
to by " Corpo Campo " and cannot express an opinion
as to their merits. The remarks in the City Press
must have been made without due consideration.
The editor, or reporter, may have a better acquaint-
ance with me than I have of myself to attribute to
me the qualifications essential to editorship. I
thank " Corpo Campo " for calling attention to the
error. He is evidently a champion of fair play and
the correct application of titles. I am not an editor,
but a practical gardener and nurseryman. C. B.
Saunders, Jersey.

CHOISYA TERNATA.— This beautiful shrub has
proved hardier here than the note on p. 331 implies,
for we have two plants that have now passed through
two winters in safety ; one is growing in the open
border, and this had its leavesslightly browned at the
edges last winter, but was not otherwise injured ;
and last winter killed many things here which
in a usual way escape injury. The other plant
is more favoured, as it is growing against the
house, and is partially protected by a Beech tree
that overhangs it ; and this one looked the best
when the winter was over. Both have since flowered
well, although they do not grow so strongly as they
do under glass. Both of them were grown for
several years in pots, and had become much pot-
bound, and the wood thoroughly matured, and this
may perhaps have assisted them in withstanding the
frost. Shoots in a half-ripened state strike easily in
the spring, and make good plants quickly if kept in
the greenhouse. W. H. Divers, Ketton Hall.

CUCUMBERS IN AMERICA 150 YEARS AGO. —
Those who have a taste for literary and other
antiquities, find few more pleasant occupations than
in poring over the quaint newspapers of the earlier
part of the last century, for, although the size of
these papers is much less than those of the present
day, it cannot be said that their interest is less
varied. In the Burney Collection, now deposited in
the British Museum, we recently came across a
single copy of the Virginia Gazette, dated August
12 — 19, 1737, and printed at Williamsburg. It con-
tains the following exceedingly interesting item of
news : — " There grew this summer, in the gardens of
Mr. Daniel Parke Custis, in New Kent County, a
Cucumber of the Turkey or Morocco kind, which
measured a yard in length, and near 14 inches
around the thickest part of it. Great care was
taken in watering it, the weather having been for a
long time very dry ; and what is remarkable, it grew
3 inches in length in one night. Several others
grew on the same vine, and some of them nearly as
large as this. They are ribb'd, almost like a Musk
Melon, coloured like a Water Melon, and taste much
like the common Cucumber. Several curious
persons have been to view them, the like having
never been seen in these parts before." It is evident
that this copy of the Virginia Gazette was sent by
the grower to a correspondent in England, for
against the paragraph just quoted there is written, in
a contemporary hand, this statement, — " I sent the
seed of this long Cucumber to Col. Costis — it came
from Turkey. ./. Robinson.

LILIES AT OAKWOOD. — Lilium speciosum lanci-
folium is now out in its full beauty, rubrum,
roseum and album, and being the last of the garden
Lilies, the season will soon be over, and the time
has come for my usual note on what it has been with
us. Most species of Lilies have been unusually fine ;
I suppose the warm dry season has suited them. L.
Browni was especially fine, one clump had twenty-
three flowers out at once, the stems all about the
same height, and some with three flowers. L. Han-
soni was very strong, our highest stem was 6 feet
1 inch ; L. Szovitzianum fine, as usual ; L. tenui-
folium, about the average ; L. candidum simplex, in
some positions very good, in others it failed ; L.
Humboldti, much finer than usual ; L. pardalinum
and its varieties very fine, and yielding more seed
than usual. L. giganteum, average, but its small

relative L. cordifolium, in a good many positions
especially fine and seeding freely ; L. Martagon
dalinaticum of several shades of colour, fine ; L.
tigrinum Fortuni, splendens, flore-pleno, and ju-
cundum, average ; L. Bateinannix and L. Leichtlinii,
fair ; L. Parryi not good — I evidently have not yet
the right place for it; L. polyphyllutn, average., L.
superbum in different situations, all especially
fine ; I never realised its full beauty so much before,
and it seemed to strike the visitors to the garden
very much, it certainly is a most graceful Lily, and
with its stems from 8 to 9 feet (our highest was

9 feet 9 inches), waving in the gentle breeze that finds
its way into our wood, with the green background of
the trees, was certainly very beautiful. The flowers
vary very much in colouring and size ; it has seeded
much more freely than usual. The season being
early, owing to the warm summer, has exactly suited
L. speciosum. In the coolest, shadiest positions, it
is already fully out, and the flowers are unusually
fine. L. auratum and varieties have been fine.
We had at Wisley a plant of L. auratum
macranthum, of which the base of the stem,
carefully measured, was 4 inches round, the height
was 7 feet 8 inches, this variety even strongly
grown is certainly shorter and thicker than the type,
as one of these latter, in our VVeybridge wood garden,
is just 11 feet, and only 3| inches round at the
base. Another clump of three has stems all between,

10 to 11 feet high, with less diameters. I still think
that a really fine specimen of the type L. auratum
is quite as beautiful in its flower, and in addition,
more graceful than the varieties macranthum or
platyphyllum, and this year, in a hill Lily-bed, we
had good means of comparison. In one compart-
ment was the fine L. a.- macranthum mentioned
above ; when visitors got to this, they said it was
the finest Lily they had ever seen, but a little farther
on, higher up, was a single plant of the type — a
really perfect specimen — this they admitted was Btill
more beautiful. Our hill field of L. auratum was
this year more thoroughly satisfactory than the
plantation in the wood. I think this last was some-
what injured by the cold wet of last year ; however,
it had many beautiful flowers. When Lilies are
planted near bushes (Rhododendrons excepted), or
trees, unless the soil is frequently renewed, the
plants will gradually dwindle away. In the garden
here we have tried to avoid this by sinking a
paraffin cask with the bottom out, filling up with Lily
soil, and planting bulbs of L. auratum macranthum
it it. These have bloomed beautifully this year, but,
of course, several years will be necessary to test
whether the object will be attained. I mean this
autumn to try more casks. Since this note was
begun, the late frost has injured the flowers of L.
speciosum in the hill-beds, while those in the wood
have escaped. George F. Wilton.

TWICKENHAM RED TOMATO.— This is the name
given to a variety the seed of which was received
from the Canary Isles by Messrs. Hawkins & Ben-
nett, in whose nursery at Twickenham we recently
saw some fruits. It is a good solid fruit, a free
bearer, and somewhat resembles in colour and shape
the well-known Perfection type. It is, however, a
distinct sort, and will doubtless be largely in request
when better known. The common red variety was
noted as fruiting remarkably well here, one plant
bearing forty good-sized fruits, and colouring well
in the open air ; in fact, the Tomatos indoors and
out have been very successfully grown by Messrs.
Hawkins & Bennett this season. X.

SINGLE AND CACTUS DAHLIAS.— The single
forms seemed to come into fashion all at once, and
will, I think, almost as quickly go out, as what tells
much against them is the fugacious nature of
their blooms, which are no sooner open than down
come the petals, littering the ground beneath the
plants, and leaving them with seed-pods staring on
every stalk. When cut they are even more evanes-
cent, unless taken the moment they are open, as
they are so full of anthers, with pollen, that fertili-
sation takes place quickly, and then they are done.
The new race of Cactus kinds is by far the more
useful, and though none are, perhaps, equal to
Juarezi, the first that made its appearance, there are
many now that are of great value to those who have
quantities of cut flowers to supply in the autumn.
The finest white is Henry Patrick, which is a great
improvement on all before it, as it is a pure white
from the first opening, and sends up its blooms
boldly on long stalks, instead of hiding them under
the foliage. Empress of India is of similar habit,
and produces fine large flowers of a rich dark colour

September 28, 1S89.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

363

that contrast well with the one mentioned above.
Now that our growers have turned their attention
to these Cactus Dahlias, we shall, no doubt, soon
have a wide choice of varieties. Anyhow, what we
have are of far more use for decorative purposes
than the show kinds, which, either for borders or
cutting, are too formal and heavy to satisfy present
requirements. J. S.

CARPET BEDDINU. — This method of garden
decoration has been very good this season, the one
great feature brought out being the remarkable
beauty of the colours in most of the plants employed,
which contrasts greatly with the effects produced
by the other different styles of bed planting; that is,
where the gardener has been mindful of the height,
colour, and manner of growth of the plants. We
now have in gardens many plants with beautiful
foliage that are suitable, and which are able to stand
wet weather better than flowering plants, and which
will maintain a gay state of the beds until destroyed
by frost. I have here six beds, three being on grass
and two on gravel, with edgings of Box. The beds are
raised in the centre, and fall gradually to the edges.
The materials planted are, first edge Box ; second,
Echeveria glauca ; then all the figures are lined-out
with Golden Feather. In the centre of the bed is a
plant of Retinospora plumosa, then plants of Eche-
veria metallica glauca, followed by Iresine acuminata,
and Kleinia repens, and Alternanthera versicolor
grandis, A. paroychioides, A. amabilis, A. nana
aurea, A. magnifica, A. spectabilis, and A. amama ;
and in the centre of each figure are planted — Eche-
veria Peacocki, E. metallica rosea, and Pachyphy-
tum bracteosum. I think by making use of strong
colours and plants with a dense habit, the least
trouble is incurred in keeping the beds in order, and
the longer they keep in beauty. For winter decora-
tion of these same beds, I remove all the tender
plants, but leave the figures with the lines of Golden
Feather, and refill them with lowly alpine plants or
any hardy small growing plants with varied foliage
which I have, and so the beds are made to look nice
all the winter. W. Smythe, Basing Park.

" HERBES FOR SALADE." — In the able article
upon the history of English gardening, " P. E. N."
mentions " Herbes for a Salade." Is this correctly
copied from the quoted Sloan MS. written in 1450 ?
Evelyn and Shakespeare, amongst other early writers,
give Sallet ; and Bailey, in his earlier editions of his
Dictionary, defines Sallet, a dish of raw herbs ; and
in his later editions he has Salad (Fr. Salade), a
sallet of raw herbs. What is " P. E. N.'s " authority
for defining Scalacely as Solomon's Seal? Is it not
rather a variety of Cicely, or Seseli ? Again, Chives
being already mentioned, Syves may properly mean
young Onions (Scottice Sybes). Dragons, I see a
<juery to (?). Will this not be Tarragon ? Kymer's
list, including Lettuce, is commented upon as being
interesting from the fact of this not being mentioned
in the foregoing list, whereas " Setyse " occurs in the
Herbes for Potage. William E. Dixon, September 9.

PHLOX drummondii. — If the original form of
Phlox Drummondii, introduced from Texas by
Drummond in 1835, could be again brought before
our notice, we could then get some idea of the won-
derful improvement which has taken place in this
charming flower during the last half a century. I
have a coloured illustration of it which appeared in
one of the gardening periodicals of the time soon
after it was introduced, and it represents a small,
thio, pale, rosy-purple-coloured flower, with jagged
margins to the segments, and altogether unlike the
large, stout, and finely-formed blossoms seen in the
present day, many of them of intensely beautiful
colours, and combinations of colours, of a highly
attractive character. I have this season seen beds
of Phlox Drummondii that presented to view a floral
picture of such beauty as I have never witnessed in
a bed of Verbenas, for instance, and I am often sur-
prised to find that Verbenas are grown in flower
gardens, while scarcely a plant of Phlox Drummondii
is to be seen. The fact is, that while the Phlox
Drummondii has been greatly improved of late
years, the Verbena has deteriorated, and, it appears
to me, continues to deteriorate. At the West of
England exhibitions in particular, and at many
country shows, prizes are offered for cut Verbenas,
and a large number are staged, but I have this
season seen scarcely a truss that was not inferior in
quality to what was grown thirty years ago. At one
exhibition, when acting as one of the judges, I
wished to withhold all the prizes on the ground of
the poorness in the quality of the bloom, which,

under the regulations set forth in the schedule, I
had a perfect right to do ; but I was told that the
exhibitors were members of the Society, and that
there was a keen competition among them, and
under the circumstances the prizes had better be
awarded. But I strongly recommend that bunches of
cut blooms of Phlox Drummondii be substituted for
Verbenas, and I give this advice to all flower-show
committees throughout the land, for the best Ver-
bena that will be raised will not compete with the
form, size, and brilliancy of that fine variety of
Drummond's Phlox known as splendens grandiflora.
I should therefore like to see classes made for twelve
bunches of Phlox Drummondii in not less than six
varieties, five trusses to form a bunch. These,
if shown in tubes of water on a bed of green moss,
the trusses of bloom gathered with some foliage,
would be found highly attractive, and introduce an
interesting and somewhat novel feature. I am dis-
posed to limit the number of varieties, because I
think the rich and bright self-coloured forms are
best adapted for exhibition, and collections of twelve
or eighteen varieties must include some of the
striped flowers, scarcely one of which is worthy of
culture. Cut Verbenas go down quickly in a close
tent. I have this season seen them nearly roasted
up before the judges could examine them; but the
flowers of P. Drummondii are much more lasting,
and stand a close atmosphere much better. Then,
as bedding plants, the Phlox Drummondii makes a
free growth, soon covers a space of ground, and gets
into bloom early in the season ; all that is required
is to pick off the decaying flower trusses, and so rid
the bed of anything that disfigures it. Such a bed
will last until the close of the season, and it does
not present such a melancholy and washed out
appearance after rain, as does a bed of Verbenas.
E.D.

THE FRUITERERS' COMPANY AT
THE MANSION HOUSE.

On Wednesday evening, at the Mansion House,
the Lord Mayor entertained the Master and mem-
bers of the Fruiterers' Company. Before the dinner,
the usual presentation of fruit was made to the Lord
Mayor. The fruit, the very finest specimens of
English produce, was artistically arranged on tables
in one of the small drawing-rooms.

Mr. R. S. Mason, Master of the Fruiterers' Com-
pany, addressing the Lord Mayor in the presence of
the guests who arrived early, said that, in accord-
ance with the ancient custom, the Company had the
honour to present to the Lord Mayor the annual
specimens of fruit. This year, in accordance with
the wish of the Lord Mayor, the specimens were
entirely of English growth. The Company desired
through him to express the appreciation they felt of
the interest the Lord Mayor took in promoting the
better cultivation of choice and hardy fruit. Refer-
ring to the part the Lord Mayor had recently taken
in successfully settling a labour question, he said
that if the cultivation of fruit and vegetables were
carried on in this country to the extent that it
might be, the congestion of the labour market in
the great towns would be very considerably reduced.

The Lord Mayor, iu acknowledging the presen-
tation, said he had made it known that he should
prefer the gift to consist entirely of British-grown
fruit, because he felt there was a great necessity at
the present time to offer incentives and give en-
couragement to the growth of fruit in this country ;
and he believed that if due attention were given
to fruit cultivation, British fruit would be as good
as, if not better than, that imported from
abroad. He had, as the Master had stated, in
recent years taken considerable interest in the
subject of fruit-growing : he had done his best
to persuade his fellow-countrymen that it was
necessary and desirable, and would be very advan-
tageous to the community, that the cultivation of
fruit in this country should be regularly and syste-
matically extended. In the course of recent re-
searches he had met with a successful example of
fruit cultivation on a small farm not far from a large
town. The area of the farm was 12 acres; and the
farmer gave him figures which showed that— ex-
cluding the growth of fruit under glass — the net
profit, after paying rent and other outgoings, was
£137 10s. in 1887, and in the following year, when
exceptional causes were in operation, it fell to
£121 10s. He had no doubt that others could, hy
perseverance, attain equally satisfactory results. He
congratulated the company on the magnificent fruit

which they were able to present under the limitation
that none of foreign growth should be included.

At the request of the Master, the Lord Mayor
then made a presentation to a successful prize
essayist. Recognising the importance of fruit grow-
ing among cottagers and other small holders of land,
the Fruiterers' Company, through the liberality of
their then Master, Mr. H. R. Williams, early in the
present year announced their intention of offering a
prize of 25 guineas, to which was added a gold
medal, kindly placed at their disposal by Dr. Hogg,
for the best essay on that subject. In order to ensure
its adaptation and practical usefulness to small
growers, it was stipulated as one of the conditions
that competitors must have had at least ten years'
practical experience in fruit growing. Fourteen
essays in all were sent in, and that written by Mr.
John Wright was declared by the adjudicators, both
for its literary ability and its practical experience, to
be the best. The medal has a handsome ornamental
border of Apples, Pears, Grapes, and various other
fruits entwined, while the centre bears the words,
"Presented by Robert Hogg, LL.D., F.L.S." On
the reverse side is the following inscription : — " To
Mr. John Wright, the successful competitor for the
prize of 25 guineas offered by Past Master Mr. H. R.
Williams, through the Worshipful Company of
Fruiterers, for an essay on profitable fruit-growing
for cottagers, 1889."

The Lord Mayor, in proposing the " Fruiterers
Company," said he had made the gathering at the
annual presentation of fruit larger than usual, be-
cause the Company had recently shown great interest
in fruit culture. He believed their chief aim was to
bring about the re-creation of homestead and cottage
orchards. In all our counties, with perhaps
three exceptions, there were in years gone by
orchards which produced good and marketable
fruit , and these orchards were now worn out,
or were decaying and not being renewed.
This was a disgrace to our country, which was
as capable of growing fruit as America or Australia.
The success of these efforts would improve the con-
dition of the agricultural population, would keep
population in this country, would relieve the glut of
the labour market in towns, and so would benefit the
whole country. The Company was therefore entitled
to gratitude for the efforts they were making to
extend fruit cultivation. The present Master of the
Company had shown greater aptitude in this work
than any of his predecessors ; he was seeking to
raise a sum of £5000 to carry on the work ; and the
Company was determined to go on increasing its
usefulness from year to year for the benefit of the
country at large.

Societies.

•

SOTAL HORTICULTURAL.

National Vegetable Conference.

Sept. 24, 25, and 26.— On Tuesday last the Royal
Horticultural Society's great Conference on Vege-
tables was opened in the Chiswick Gardens, when,
despite the fact that rain simply poured the whole day,
there was a good muster of horticulturists of all sorts.
This was the day for the committees of selection, the
day when the real work of the Conference was done,
and on the following days papers were read on appro-
priate subjects. There was no competition in the
classes, the object being to get together, for purposes
of comparison and identification, the varieties of
various vegetables, and it is to be hoped that good
will result. The Society's Journal will contain the
full report, and we now give a comment on the chief
features of the exhibits, which occupied the con-
servatory and a large tent besides.

Green Vegetables.

These formed a very large portion of the show, and,
in many instances, the exhibits were of very fine
quality. Cabbages, Savoys, Kales, &c, were very
well represented. Only the most conspicuous
examples are mentioned. In the collections of
Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, S.W., were
specimens of the Rosette Colewort Cabbage, a good
flavoured variety, but which does not heart well ; the
Hardy Green Colewort, a very serviceable variety
ot moderate size ; Enfield Market, a large growing
sort, with a selection from it named Offenham.Chou
de Burghley, Winnigstadt, a variety with thick
leathery leaves, and more in favour abroad than
here ; Little Pixie, one of the most useful
of all, especially for small gardens, in which

364

THE GAliDENEES' CHRONICLE.

[Septembeb 28, 1889.

category Early Etampes should also be named,
both forming good hearts. Express was also shown ;
it is an early variety, and larger than Little Pixie.
Some of these varieties occurred frequently in other
collections, and so will not again be referred to.
Messrs. J. Carter & Co. had Ilartwell Marrow and
Miniature Drumhead, two moderate-sized varieties,
with fine hearts. As examples of French produce,
MM. Vilmorin, of Paris, contributed a few very fine
specimens, the best of which were seen in Early
Kennes and Very Early Etampes, which had ex-
tremely solid hearts ; Oxheart was also noticeable.
Early Rainham was well shown by Messrs. R.
Veitch & Sons, Exeter ; and from Messrs. Harrison
& Sons, Leicester, came two fine specimens in Vic-
toria and Offenham. Messrs. G. Bunyard & Co.,
Maidstone, sent several varieties, showing Hardy
Green Colewort, in fine condition ; and Mr. J. Wil-
lard, who was a general exhibitor, had Little Pixie
and Ellam's Dwarf. This same exhibitor had in
Kales good examples of the Cottagers', and also of
Dwarf Green Curled, which is a very useful sort.
Mr. Wythes, Syon House Gardens, Brentford, also
had a good exhibit of Kales, showing the Aspara-
gus Kale in good form. Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons had
plants in pots. A selection of the Dwarf Green
Curled was very good, and Read's Hearting Kale
a good late variety. Late curled is a good hardy
sort, and has very curled leaves. Buda, the sprouting
Kale, with fine, broad, rich foliage ; and the Ragged
Jack, which is more of ornamental than table value,
were also seen here.

Savoys were contributed sparingly, Messrs. Oak-
shott & Millard had a good example of Dwarf Green
Curled, a most useful sort ; and Mr. Wildsmith,
Heckfield Gardens, Winchfield, also had good pro-
duce. Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons sent Drumhead
Dwarf Ulm, which is too much like a Cabbage, and
Yellow — a pale coloured variety.

Sprouts were not of much note, with the one excep-
tion of those of Mr. Mclndoe, Hutton Hall Gardens,
Guisborough, who had a novelty which is likely to
turn out well. It is a selection from Veitch's Exhi-
bition, is of dwarf habit, with numerous large, long
sprouts. Wroxton was shown by Mr. Deverill,
Banbury, and several favourites by Mr. Wythes,
Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, Mr. M. Dunn, and others.

Spinach was shown in about half a dozen lots.
Mr. Chadwick, gr. to E. M. Nelson, Esq., Ealing,
had finely-grown large leaves of Prickly ; and Mr.
W. Poupart, Marsh Farm, Twickenham, had one
unnamed — a market garden variety, much resembling
it ; and he sent, too, New Zealand Spinach (Tetra-
gonia expansa), with small leaves of thick, fleshy
substance. Messrs. G. Bunyard & Co., Maidstone,
also had excellent samples. Mr. R. Smith had good
examples of Viroflay.

Red pickling Cabbages were very good, and were
fairly well represented. Messrs. Oakshott & Millard,
Carter & Co., Dobbie & Co., and Mr. Smith, gr. to
Hon. Lady Fletcher, Kenward, Yalding, Maidstone,
were the chief contributors. Red Drumhead, a
large sort with a big heart, Dutch and Large Dutch
were well shown ; while Mr. Wildsmith 's finely-
coloured, firm examples, was probably the finest for
pickling purposes. From Mr. R. Gilbert, Burghley
Gardens, Stamford, came two magnificent samples
of Dutch Red, very large, firm, and solid — the finest
of all shown ; they did not arrive in time for the first
day's show.

Cauliflowers were fine. Mr. Wildsmith had excel-
lent examples of Veitch's Autumn Giant, very firm,
and pure in colour ; and Colonel Wingfield, Shrews-
bury, sent examples every bit as good, showing the
same variety — which was the most frequently shown.
Michaelmas White, another good late variety, was
represented by good heads from Mr. Pope, Highclere
Gardens, Newberry, and also from Messrs. Oakshott
& Millard.

Globe Artichokes were fairly numerous, and some
specimens of the Green were excellent. Col. Wing-
field (gr., Mr. Lambert), Mr. Wythes, and Messrs.
Oakshott & Millard, each had large and firm heads ;
and Messrs. J. Veitch had both Green and Purple
in good samples; but the Purple do not look so fine
as the Green.

Tap Roots.

Of these which formed no small portion of the
display, Beets were perhaps the most numerous,
although Carrots also were plentiful. The general
quality of the exhibits in this section was very high.
Of Beets, both long and Turnip-rooted sorts were
to be seen, and taking the whole, the old Egyptian
Turnip-rooted is still about the best of its class,
others being inclined to be white inside, as was

clearly seen in the collections. Eclipse, another
Turnip-rooted variety, was very noticeable in this
respect. Has the rule of selection been sufficiently
practised in this section of these roots '1 probably by
closer attention to this, we might see an improve-
ment in the Turnip-rooted Beets, for even the
Egyptian comes at times with a bad colour. Messrs.
G. Bunyard,. T. Carter, and J. Veitch each had first-
rate specimens of Egyptian.

Dewars Dwarf, a long-rooted sort with a fine
colour was capitally represented by Messrs. J. Veitch
and by Col. Wingfield. Pragnell's Exhibition, a
fine-looking long root, but not possessing much table
value was also largely shown ; Mr. Palmer, Thames
Ditton, and Messrs. Oakshott and Millard had fine
roots.

Hope's Middleton Park Favourite i,n good form
and dark colour was shown by Mr. C. J. Waite,
Glenhurst Gardens, Esher.

In Messrs. J. Veitch's lot there were besides good
roots of Pine-apple, a very dark-coloured, fine
variety with a habit of growing one-third out of the
ground ; and Dell's Crimson, useful for its decorative
foliage, and also for table use. From MM. Vilmorin
& Co., Dwarf Red, and an ornamental foliaged table
sort, with long, narrow decorative leaves, were the best.

Carrots were a decided feature, the roots being of
remarkably fine quality and large size ; there were
about sixty lots of roots. MM. Vilmorin & Co. sent
some excellent samples of Guerande, a stump- rooted,
broad sort ; and Chantenay, of the same style.
Messrs. G. Bunyard sent a number of fine samples,
including St. Valery, a long, narrow, very even root ;
and French Forcing, a short, almost round-rooted
sort, very sweet when cooked in a young state.
Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons showed even roots of Long
Red Surrey, an old variety ; Scarlet Model, a half-long
sort ; Early Dutch, and French Forcing. Under the
title of Intermediate Pointed, Messrs. C. Sharpe
& Co., Sleaford, had a long, tapering, smooth
root; and Mr. G. Gilbert, Sennowe Hall Gardens,
Guist, Norfolk, had good James' Intermediate and
Scarlet Horn. A form of Altrincham, very even
and smooth, was shown by Mr. J. Lye, who also had
a large, long-rooted, white sort. Mr. Chettleburgh,
Norwich, and Colonel Wingfield, each had good
roots. It would appear that the Intermediate and
the Horn forms are mostly grown.

Parsnips were numerous and fine. Mr. Poupart
contributed very fine roots of Hollow Crown ; and
Student, shown by Messrs. Oakshott & Millard, were
very fine. These two varieties were frequently ex-
hibited, other varieties being of small note. Messrs.
Carter & Co., had a Turnip-rooted variety, and were
indeed the only exhibitors of that form ; other varie-
ties being long, but none so fine as those already
named. Messrs. Dobbie & Co., Rothesay, N.B., and
Mr. Wildsmith also showed well.

Horse Radish, Salsify, and Scorzonera, were con-
tributed by a few exhibitors, but call for no special
notice. Salsify was best shown, Mr. R. Smith,
Yalding, having fine roots. Messrs. Carter & Co., J.
Willard, Holly Lodge Gardens, Highgate, and Messrs.
J. Veitch & Son, sent Stachys, all of equal merit.

Saladings.

The exhibits in this section were not very
numtrous, but the produce shown was of very good
quality. Of Endives, the finest of all were those
from Messrs. Vilmorin & Co., who had a compact,
fiuely-cut variety, and also good Batavian or broad-
leaved. Messrs. .1. Veitch & Sons had a lot of almost
equal merit ; Round-leaved Batavian, more solid than
the White Batavian ; White and Green Curled
varieties were also shown. Messrs. G. Bunyard &
Co., had Imperial Curled of good substance, and
Messrs. Oakshott & Millard showed good curled
sorts.

Of Lettuces, a capital collection was staged by
Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons ; the varieties shown were
chiefly of the Cabbage sort ; Marvel is a good
variety, but the dark red-brown tinge of the leaves
operates against it to some extent. Varieties of the
type of All the Year Round were numerous, and that
variety is one of the best of all, giving a good heart,
which, it would seem, the more curled varieties do
not do. The Paris White Cos, and varieties of
Lettuce grown in pans for cutting over for salads,
were seen in Californian and others.

There were about forty lots of Celery, but the
general quality was not of the highest ; although the
growth was good, the stems were frequently found to
be pithy; White Gem, a nice dwarf sort, was shown by
several exhibitors, and generally was of good quality ;
Major Clarke's Red, from Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons,
appeared to be still a good sort ; and from the same

came White Plume, a variety also shown by Messrs. R.
Veitch in good form. Standard Bearer was well
represented by Messrs. Oakshott & Millard, and by-
Mr. F. Taylor, Cheltenham. Mr. W. G. Gilbert,
Sennowe Hall Gardens, Norfolk, had a variety named
Yellow, which is dwarf, pale straw-coloured, and
not inviting. Messrs. Bunyard, Willard, Harrison &
Sons, and J. Lye were among other exhibitors.

The best lot of Celeriac was shown by Messrs.
Vilmorin & Co., who had three representative
varieties, Smooth Prague, Early Erfurt, and Apple-
shaped, all showing large root-stocks. Saladings,
in the way of Radishes, were well represented by the
same firm, who had several varieties, including
Globe Yellow Turnip (winter variety), and forcing
varieties. Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, sent Witloof
Chicory, Black Radish and other Saladings in the
way of various Dandelions, &c.

Tubebs and Bulbs.

The Potatos were placed on a table in the large
Vinery, and consisted of, generally, well-grown,
clean-skinned tubers. In the collections not re-
stricted as to number of varieties, Messrs, Oakshott
& Millard, nurserymen, Reading, made a fairly good
exhibit, there being but few that were rough in
appearance. Amongst their rounds were Reading
Russet, Best of All, Early Puritan, Village Black-
smith, not attractive to look at, but good in eating
qualities ; Abundance, and Chiswick Favourite.
The finest specimens of the kidneys were Magis-
trate, Ashleaf, Snowdrop, The Daniels, Early Victor,
and The Bruce. Messrs. G. Bunyard & Co., nur-
serymen, Maidstone, had a dozen dishes, but evidently
from soil which does noc suit the Potato, as the
samples were mis-shapen, and rough in the
skin. The Society itself showed forty-four dishes
and varieties grown iu the garden, and doubt-
less the pick of the varieties. We can speak only
as to appearance, and noted as being nice-look-
ing amongst the kidneys, Sharpe's Victor,
Murray Seedling, Crown Jewel, Vegetarian.'Edgecote
Beauty, Edgecote Early, Lavington Conqueror, and
Ross' Chieftaia. Of Rounds, we mention, King of
Crimsons, Rector, Progress, Sharp's Standard, and
Renown. A collection of American varieties, of
especial ugliness, came from the same source.

There were several very superior lots of twenty-
five varieties, of which we signalise that of Mr. E. S.
Wiles, of Potato fame, the gardener to R. A. Cart-
wright, Esq., Edgecote Park, Banbury, as being
perhaps, the best. All the tubers were clean, smooth,
regular as to size — in fact, well selected from an ex-
hibitor's point of view. We noted as good looking,
General Gordon, a longish red tuber ; White Ele-
phant, Reading Giant, Reading Ruby, a pretty pink ;
Abundance, Mr. Bresee, Prolific, Snowdrop, Pink
1'erfection, Sutton's Seedling, do. Satisfaction, do.
Reading Russett, do. Magnum Bonum, Adirondack,
Chancellor, Mottled Beauty, London Hero.

Mr. J. Lye, an equally experienced Potato grower
with Mr. Wiles, tabled medium-sized, clear-skinned
tubers, in which, on seeing only there was not much
difference except in name — and many of these we
may suppose were adopted by the raiser as repre-
senting the height of goodness — we instance Epi-
cure's Delight, Nonsuch (of Sutton), Snow Queen
(doubtless in allusion to its floury look when cooked).
Beauty of Hebron, Clipper, The Dean (a capital
thing in spite of its colour — purple), Hughes' Purple
Perfection, and Vicar of Laleham. It may be said
that the varieties with the finest names were in this
exhibits also the finest in appearance.

Mr. Hughes, gr. to Colonel Cartwright, Eydon
Hall, Byfield, Northampton, had a beautiful lot of
twenty-five varieties, well washed, and free from
scabbiness, and of good farm in gerferal. Besides
the three lots we have touched on, three others were
shown ; but each, in so far as appeareance and evi-
dence of suitable soil and good culture, were many
points behind these.

The grower of the finest twenty-five varieties was
naturally the best in the twelve varieties. Here
were found mostly such as Messrs. Sutton & Sons,
Reading, have raised or introduced to commerce ;
and beside these, there were Chancellor, Mr. Bresee,
Edgecote Purple, Mottled Beauty, a tuber of nice
form, but unpleasing as to colour.

Mr. J. Lambert, gr. to Col. Wingfield, Onslow Hall,
Salop, showed the delicate pink Reading Russet, a
favourite round with most exhibitors ; Abundance,
Chancellor, Cole's Favourite, a fine Lapstone-like
tuber; and Piime Minister.

The collection of twelve varieties from Messrs. Webb
& Sons, Stourbridge, consisted of Potatos which have
originated in their nursery, or which have been intro-

September 28, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

365

duced by them ; and, indeed, they do differ greatly
from those of the better-known South country popu-
lar varieties. Kinver Monarch, Kinver Hill, a long,
white kidney; Wordsley Pride, Stourbridge Glory,
Benefactor, Renown, a fine, solid, square tuber,
white ; and Epicure, looking like the last, but with a
rougher and darker skin.

Mr. W. Wildsmith, Heckfield, showed well in the
sixes, and we suppose that it is more difficult to select
six Potatos for early, mid-season, and late use, than
twenty-five. His selection was a good one ; it

waa . Early Ashleaf, Sutton's Magnum Bonum,

Sutton's Seedling, rather coarse, but heavy ; Sutton's
Abundance, a half-round ; Sutton's Early Market, a
square rather than round tuber ; and Reading Russett.

Mr. E. S. Wiles had Fidler's Perfection, Prolific,
London Hero, Favourite, Edgecote Early, and Snow-
drop, well matured, even in size, nice form, and free
from scab or any roughness.

Mr. J. Lye also showed well in the sixes ; he had
Clipper, Giant, Vicar of Laleham, King of Russets,
good, but very large, and showing great angularity.

Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, showed very
fine samples of Adirondack, Schoolmaster, Chancel-
lor, their strain of Ashleaf; and Early Puritan — a
prolific variety, but in this case rather coarse.

About fourteen lots of seedlings were shown,
many having good form and colour (mostly white),
but without further trials in growing and cooking
them, nothing may be said here.

In most instances exhibitors had attached cards
with particulars of parentage.

Contributions of Artichokes (Jerusalem), were also
invited, but the return was naturally not large,
oily about four or five lots being shown. Mr. R.
Smith, Yalding, and Colonel Wingfield, sending the
best dishes of clean even tubers.

Of Onions there was a very great number, and many
fine bulbs were shown. Messrs. Vilmorin & Co., had
some exceedingly large and clean Tripoli Onions,which
had been grown in the South of France ; also Tre-
bon's Yellow and White Globe, well ripened.

Messrs. Oakshott & Millard had several varieties
of the Spanish section in well ripened bulbs, and also
the Wroxton.

Mr. Deverill, Banbury, contributed a collection of
his Onions, such as Ailsa Craig, Black Douglas,
Rousham Park (one bulb weighing 2 lb.), &c,
which are very good for exhibition purposes, but in
culinary use are of necessity wasteful : more moderate
sized bulbs, as Danver's Yellow, the various Globes,
Strasbourg, &c, are of more general use. Messrs.
G. Bunyard & Co. showed a collection of good use-
ful sorts, about twenty, Giant Rocca and Danver's
Yellow being very fine. Mr. Nicholas, Castle Hill,
Devon, had good sound bulbs of Blood Red ; and
Messrs. Dobbie also had finely coloured samples.
Giant Yellow was shown by Messrs. R. Veitch &
Sons, Exeter. Mr. W. Wildsmith sent a selection
from Reading, a half Globe of moderately useful size,
and with a light brown skin. A large number of
varieties- was sent by Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons
(about thirty), including many forms of Spanish
and Anglo-Spanish. Anglo-white Spanish was a
good sort, and also Giant Zittau, and White and
Brown Globes. Small bulbs of the Queen were also
shown. Among other exhibitors were Mr. Pope,
Mr. Nicholas, and Mr. Kneller, of Nalshanger Park,
Basingstoke, who had fine types of Deverill's Onions.

Shallots and Garlic were poorly represented, Mr.
Fletcher alone showing Garlic ; and of the former
Messrs. R. Veitch, J. Dobbie & Co., Stuart & Mein,
and C. J. Waite each contributed good dishe3 of
Large Red.

Leeks, which were numerous, there being about
twenty-four lots, were very fine in several instances
and attracted considerable attention, The Lyon and
Musselburgh being the best generally. Messrs.
Dobbie & Co., had a very fine sample of one named
Champion, very long and of even width throughout,
and Lyon from Messrs. Stuart & Mein, were equally
fine. Renton's Monarch was well represented in
samples from Messrs. Stuart & Mein, and from
Messrs. R. Veitch & Son, and Messrs. Oakshott &
Millard had good Musselburgh. Mr. Pope, Highclere
Gardens, Newbury, showed Sutton's Prizetaker. Mr.
Deverill, Banbury, had Oxonian, large broad samples,
and Messrs. Carter & Co., also had good roots.

Turnips were an average display, white roots pre-
dominating. The best yellow, to all appearance,
was Messrs. Dobbie's Golden Ball, very dark coloured.
Messrs. R. Veitch & Sons had Red Globe, Colonel
Wingfield sent good roots, and Mr. Divers, Ketton
Hall, Stamford, sent good roots of Snowball and Red
Globe; and Mr. J. Wallis, Keele Hall Gardens,
Newcastle, Staffordshire, had Golden Yellow and

Early Milan. Messrs. Harrison & Sons, Leicester,
also exhibited.

Kohl Rabi was a small item ; the green sort was
more largely shown, Messrs. J. Carter & Co., and
Mr. Osman, gr. at the South Metropolitan District
Schools, Sutton, sending good examples. Messrs. J.
Veitch & Sons had good roots of Purple Vienna.

Feuits and Pulse.

Some Gourds and Vegetable Marrows were shown
by E. M. Nelson, Esq., Hanger Hill, Ealing (gr.,
Mr. Chadwick), and amongst them a new Marrow —
Moore's Cream X , small Indian Marrow. It is of a
whitish colour, and when full grown, about 10 inches
long. In form it is more narrowed towards the stalk
than the English parent.

The White Bush Vegetable Marrow was shown by
Messrs. Oakshott & Millard. The comparatively
new Pen-y-Byd, Hibberd's Marrow, a quite small
fruit, 6 inches long, and the Bush Green-fruited
Marrow were noted.

Messrs. Vilmorin, Andrieux. & Cie, Paris, showed
amongst some Gourds of vivid colouring, the long
White Bush Marrow. This collection of French
varieties and foreign species of the Gourd family —
chiefly North American — was interesting, as showing
what a number of good things for autumn and
winter use, our climate, and it must be said our pre-
judices likewise, hinder us from making any use of
whatever. These ripe Gourds are excellent for
Marmalade, for mixing with Apples and Rhubarb
in tarts ; and the roasted seed of ripe fruits are as
good and as sweet as Filberts.

A large number of Gourds and Marrows came
from Messrs. Carter & Co., High Holborn.

The Society likewise contributed about fifty
species and varieties of Gourds, and Marrows (about
thirty), inclusive of the white-fruited Solanum
guatamalense, the so called Melon Pear.

Mr. Osman, gr. to the South Metropolitan School,
Sutton, contributed the many (forty-four) species
and varieties of Gourds and Marrows we are accus-
tomed to see from the garden under his charge.

Peas were plentifully shown, and were generally
of good quality for the season, and the varieties
were such as have been grown for late use for
many years in private gardens. The new Pea
Sturdy, a variety repeatedly spoken well of by
gardeners in our columns, was exhibited by Mr.
Dunn, gr., Dalkeith. It is a good cropping plant,
with dark green, well-filled pods, and bears succes-
sionally.

Perfection (Veitch), was shown by Messrs. Carter
& Co. ; Ne Plus Ultra, by Messrs. Perkins, Thorn-
ham House, Norfolk ; Oakshott & Millard ; Good-
acre, Elvaston, &c; Goldfinder, by Messrs. R.
Veitch & Sons, Exeter ; Duke of Albany, Matchless,
Telephone, and Prodigy, were excellent examples
from Mr. Lambert, Onslow Hall. Mr. Goodacre,
Elvaston, showed a box of Peas, and gave the date
of sowing for all, viz., May 6. The varieties were
Criterion, Harrison's Glory, Stratagem, Duchess of
Edinburgh, Ne Plus Ultra, and Champion of Eng-
land. Mr. Wallis, gr., Keele Hall, showed good Peas.

French Beans exhibited nothing novel or particu-
larly fine.

Runner Beans. — These were very numerous, and,
in most instances, very large, but as we know that
these vegetables differ greatly in bearing properties,
we will instance only a few of the new large
podders, viz., Giant (Veitch). The Czar, an extraor-
dinary bearer ; the White Runner, Giant (Girtford,
Laxton's), Ne Plus Ultra, and Mammoth (Veitch).

A few Butter Beans — great favourites in Ger-
many— were shown, of which Golden Cluster seemed
the best. The Bulgarian Butter Bean is green, with
black speckling. These Beans bear well in this
country, and need sticks about 5 feet high.

Tomatos. — These popular vegetables ,were shown
in large numbers, and generally were confined to
smooth fruits of the Perfection type. Some fine
specimens were shown by Messrs. Vilmorin, Andrieux
& Co., and were named Mikado, Chemin, Mikado,
and Mikado Rose, Hathaway s Excelsior, King Hum-
bert, an oval fruit, 2 inches by;i£ inch ; T. Peche,
noticed in these columns recently; Early Red,
smooth-fruited, with crisped leaves.

From Messrs. Oakshott & Millard came Abundance,
Reading] Perfection, Chiswick Red, Golden Queen, a
large yellow ; and Golden Nugget, a small one.

From the Society's Garden there were twenty-
four varieties, of which, among the large ones, may
be noticed Ham Green Favourite, President Cleve-
land, Perfection, Surpasse. Reading Hybrid, and
Yellow King and Yellow Queen. Of small-fruited
kinds were Tennis Ball, Horseford's Prelude. Peach,

King Humbert, Pear-shaped Red, Yellow Cherry,
and Green Gage.

Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons sent thirty-two varieties,
including Hackwood Red, Ham Green Favourite,
Mayflower, Livingstone Favourite, Cardinal, Ne Plus
Ultra, and others of similar characteristics. The
useful small varieties consisted of Red Cherry, Chemin ,
King Humbert, Currant fruited, Little Gem, and
Eclipse. Small-fruited yellows were Yellow Plum
and Gold Nugget ; and amongst large yellows,
Prince of Orange.

The Society's selection of four varieties was Tennis
Ball, Ham Green Favourite, Chiswick Hybrid and
Perfection. Messrs. Carter & Co.'s in same class
was Lorillard, Sandwich Island, Blenheim Orange,
and King Humbert.

Mr. Lockie's selection consisted of Perfection,
Maincrop, Dedham Favourite, and a yellow sport
from Perfection.

In the one varietv class. Mr. Poupart showed Per-
fection. Dedham Favourite, a very superior sample,
was shown by Mr. C. Hart, Leyton. This Tomato
was shown by several others, and was always good.
Ham Green Favourite was Mr. R. Dean's choice, and
Mr. Laxton chose his open air Tomato, a well-
ripened sample.

The collection of Capsicums (peppers) was of not
much interest, and consisted of large Spanish Cap-
sicums, Cayenne, &c. Messrs. Vilmorin, Andrieux
& Cie had the only novelty called Celestial Pepper.
It has numerous pods li inch high and 1 inch
broad at the base, which stand upright on the
branchlets, and impart a singular look to the plant.
It might prove of value in winter arrangements of
plants. Some good heads of Maize (three varieties)
were shown by this firm. The Maize was intended
for cooking in the milky stage.

There were several exhibits of Cucumbers, Messrs.
Bunyard & Co. taking the lead with enormous fruits
of Telegraph in a ripe state. They showed also
Beaton's Hybrid Ridge, a thick fleshy fruit, 15 inches
in length.

Mr. T. Laxton, Bedford, exhibited Cucumber Ex-
celsior, Telegraph x, Bedford Ridge. The fruit is
intermediate between the two, and the plant bears
well at Bedford out-of-doors.

Messrs. Carter & Co. showed six fruits of Cucum-
ber Model, about 2J- feet long.

Mr. Lockie, gr. Oakley Court, came out with his
Seedling Cucumber, in eating condition. They were
nice, medium-sized, dark green fruit, looking like
small editions of Telegraph, but yet distinct from
that varietv.

Messrs. Oakshott & Millard showed Cucumber I
Beat All, and excellent Purley Park Cucumber came
from Mr. Lambert, Onslow Hall, Salop.

Miscellaneous.

Cardoons, well grown, were sent by Messrs. Wing-
field, J. Veitch, and Gilbert, of Sennowe Hall, Guist.
Ornamental Beet were finely displayed by Messrs.
J. Veitch & Sons in large-leaved sorts, showing
Chilian, and Silver or Seakale. Messrs. J. Carter
& Co., Muir (Margam), S. Bunyard & Co., Dobbie,
R. Dean, and J. Veitch & Sons, sent several forms of
Parsley, moss and Fern-leaved, and the last-named
firm contributed a number of flavouring herbs in
great varietv, as Sorrel, Thyme, Marjoram, Rose-
mary, Wormwood, &c, and also shoots and plants of
the Asparagus Chicory, which was also sent by Mr.
J. Willard, to whom is due the introduction of this
as a vegetable.

The Committees of Selection, on whom no slight
labour fell, and who merit the most sincere acknow-
ledgments, were : —

Green Vegetables.— Messrs. H. Vilmorin, W. J.
Nutting, Hughes, and W. Coleman.

Fruits and Pulse.— Messrs. P. Barr, W. Iggulden,
J. Burnett, and R. Ker. .

Potatos.— Messrs. J. Mclndoe, W. Denniug, Jas.
Smith, P. Veitch, and G. T. Miles.

Other Ttibers and Bulbs.— Messrs. J. Harrison, C
J. Waite, J. Willard, and M. Dunn.

Tap Roots.— Messrs. J. Benary, C. Silverlock, E.
Hill, C. Ross, and A. Moss.

Salading and Miscellaneous.— -Messrs. W. Poupart,
W Wildsmith, E. Molyneux, J. Lye, and G. Wythes.

Referees.— Messrs. A. W. Sutton, C. H. Sharman,
T. Laxton, W. Ingram, and J. Douglas. Chairman,

Dr. Hogg.

Certificates.

The following Certificates of Merit were awarded:—
To Cabbage Ellam's Early, from Mr. J. Willard.
To Cabbage Old Nonpareil, from Messrs. J.
Carter & Co.

366

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 28, 1889.

To Cabbage Hative d'Etampes, from [Messrs. Vil-
morin, Andrieux & Co. I

To Cabbage Offenham, from Messrs. J. Harrison
&]Sons.

feTo Cabbage Hardy Green Colewort, from Messrs.
J.'.Veitch & Sons.

To Cabbage Red Dutch, from Messrs. Dobbie
&"Co.

To Savoy Early Ulm, from Messrs. J. Veitch
&'Sons.

To Savoy Dwarf Green-curled, from Messrs. J.
Veitch & Sons.

To Savoy Vertus, from Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons.

To Borecole Extra Dwarf Green-curled, from
Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons.

To Borecole Cottagers' Kale, from Messrs. J.
Veitch & Sons.

To Brussels Sprouts Deverill's Large Wroxton,
from Mr. H. Deverill.

To Brussels Sprouts Paris Market, from Messrs. J.
Veitch & Sons.

To Cauliflower Veitch's Autumn Giant, from Mr.
J. Lambert.

To Cauliflower Pearl, from Messrs. J. Veitch &
Sons.

To Artichoke Green Globe, from Mr. J. Lambert.

To Spinach Viroflay, from Mr. R. Smith.

To Spinach Prickly Seeded, from Mr. W. Poupart.

To Marrow Anglo-Indian, from Mr. J. Chadwick.

To Marrow Long White, from Mr. W. Palmer.

To Pumpkin Rouge de Crimee, from Royal Horti-
cultural Society.

To Cucumber Lockie's Perfection, from Mr. T.
Lockie.

To Tomato Red Chemin, from Messrs. Vilmorin,
Andrieux & Co.

To Tomato Chiswick Hybrid, from Royal Hor-
ticultural Society.

To Tomato Mikado, from Messrs. Vilmorin,
Andrieux & Co.

To Bean (Runner) Neal's Ne Plus Ultra, from Mr.
G. Neal.

To Bean (Butter) Early Golden Cluster, from
Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons.

To Bean (Butter) Fillbasket, from Messrs. J.
Veitch & Sons.

To Bean (Butter) Sutton's, from Mr. R. Gilbert.

To Pea Duke of Albany, from Mr. J. Lambert.

To Pea Telephone, from Mr. J. Lambert.

To Pea Prodigy, from Mr. J. Lambert.

To Pea Sutton's Matchless, from Mr. J. Lambert.

To Capsicums or Chillies (collection), from Messrs.
Vilmorin, Andrieux & Co.

To Maize Extra Early Sweet, from Messrs. Vil-
morin, Andrieux & Co.

To Parsnip Dobbie's Selected Hollow Crown, from
Messrs. Dobbie & Co.

To Beet Edinburgh Blood Red, from Mr. Hugh
Hanan.

To Beet Dewar's Dwarf Red, from Messrs. J1
Veitch & Sons.

To Beet Dobbie's New Purple, from Messrs.
Dobbie & Co.

To Beet (Turnip-rooted) Eclipse, from Messrs. J.
Veitch & Sons.

To Beet (Dracaena-leaved), from Messrs. Vilmorin,
Andrieux & Co.

To Carrot New Scarlet Improved Short Horn,
from The Novelty Seed Company.

To Carrot Long Red Surrey, from Messrs. J.
Veitch & Sons.

To Celeriac Large Smooth Prague, from Messrs.
Vilmorin, Andrieux & Co.

To Radish Long Scarlet, from Messrs. Vilmorin,
Andrieux & Co.

To Radish Early Scarlet Forcing, from Messrs.
Vilmorin, Andrieux & Co.

To Radish Early White Forcing, from Messrs.
Vilmorin, Andrieux & Co.

To Celery Wright's Giant, from Messrs. Oakshott
& Millard.

To Celery Dobbie's Invincible, from Messrs.
Dobbie & Co.

To Celery Sandringham White, from Messrs J.
Veitch & Sons.

To Celery Sutton's White Gem, from Mr. J. Lye.

Endive Ruffuc, from Messrs. Vilmorin, Andrieux
&Co.

To Endive Green Curled, from Messrs. J. Veitch
& Sons.

To Endive (Moss Curled) Chicoree Parisienne
d'Ete, from Messrs. Vilmorin, Andrieux & Co.

To Lettuce (Cabbage) Lorthois, from Messrs. J.
Veitch & Sons.

To Lettuce (Cabbage) Blonde Berlin, from Messrs.
J. Veitch & Sons.

To Celery Standard Bearer, from Mr. F. Taylor.

To Celery Covent Garden Red, from Mr. W.
Poupart.

ToJLeek Lyons, for type, from Messrs. Stuart &
Mein.

To Leek Lyons, [for type, from Messrs. Dobbie &
Co.

To Leek Lyons, for type, from Mr. J. Lambert.

To Leek Musselburgh, for type, from Mr. C. J.
Waite.

To Leek Musselburgh ; for type, from Mr. J.
Lambert.

To Leek Musselburgh ; for type, from Messrs. R.
Veitch & Son.

To Onion Giant, late White flat Tripoli, for type,
from Messrs. Vilmorin, Andrieux & Co.

To Onion Queen, for type, from Messrs. J. Veitch
& Sons.

To Onion Giant Madeira, for type, from Messrs.
Vilmorin, Andrieux & Co.

To Onion large blood-red flat Italian, for type,
from Messrs. Vilmorin, Andrieux & Co.

To Onion Giant Zittau, for type, from Messrs. R.
Veitch & Son, Exeter.

To Onion Brown Spanish, from Messrs. Oakshott
& Millard.

To Onion Main Crop, from Mr. Nicholas.

To Onion Deverill's Improved Wroxton, for type,
from Mr. W. Pope.

To Onion Brown Globe, from Messrs. J. Veitch
& Sons.

To Onion Bedfordshire Champion, from Mr. G.
Wythes.

To Onion James' Keeping, from Mr. Muir.

To Onion Flat, Yellow, or Brown Anglo-Spanish,
for type, from Mr. H. Deverill.

To Onion Anglo-Spanish, from Mr. W. Pope.

To Onion Rousham Park, from Mr. W. Pope.

To Onion Reading, from Mr. J. Hughes.

To Onion Anglo-Spanish, from Mr. Wingrove.

To Onion Rousham Park, from Mr. C. J. Waite.

To Onion Rousham Park, from Mr. Bowerman.

To Onion Rousham Park, from Mr. Deverill.

To Onion Ailsa Craig, for type, from Mr. Deverill.

To Onion James' Long Keeping, from Mr. Deverill.

To Onion Pinesfield, from Mr. Deverill.

To Onion Advancer, from Mr. Deverill.

To Onion Cocoa-nut, from Mr. Deverill.

To Onion James Long Keeping, for shape, Royal
Horticultural Society.

To Onion Ailsa Craig, for shape, Mr. W. Pope.

To Onion Ailsa Craig, for shape, Mr. W. G.
Gilbert.

To Onion Ailsa Craig, for shape, Mr. J. Hughes.

To Onion Ailsa Craig, for shape, Mr. R. Kneller.

To Onion Black Douglas, for type, Mr. H. Deverill.

To Onion Black Douglas, for type, Mr. Murray.

To Onion Blood Red, for type, Messrs. Dobbie
& Co.

To Onion Southport Red Globe, for type, Messrs.
J. Veitch & Sons.

To Onion Southport Red Globe, for type, Royal
Horticultural Society.

To Shallots, large red, for type, Messrs. Stuart &
Mein.

To Garlic, from Mr. R. Smith.

To Turnip Early Milan (Red-top), from Messrs.
J. Veitch & Sons.

To Turnip Model White Stone, for type, from
Messrs. Dobbie & Co.

To Turnip White Stone, from Messrs. J. Veitch &
Sons.

To Turnip White Stone, from Mr. J. Lambert.

To Turnip Early Marvel, for type, from Messrs,
Harrison & Sons.

To Turnip Green-top Stone, from Mr. R. Moper.

To Turnip Round Red Globe, for type, from
Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons.

To Turnip Round Red Globe, from Messrs. R.
Veitch & Son.

To Turnip Golden Ball, for type, from Messrs.
Dobbie & Co.

To Turnip Golden Ball, from Mr. J. L. Ensor.

For Kohl Rabi Early Vienna, green for type, from
Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons.

To Kohl Rabi Early Vienna, green from Messrs. J.
Carter & Co.

To Kohl Rabi Early Vienna, purple, from Mr. C.
Doman.

To Kohl Rabi Early Vienna, purple, for type,
from Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons.

Potatos.

To Reading Russet, from Mr. J. Hughes.
To Reading Giant, from Mr. J. Lye.
To King of Russets, from Mr. J. Lye.

To^Snowdrop, from Mr. E. S. Wiles.

To London Hero, from Mr. E. S. Wiles.

To Sutton's Abundance, from Mr. W. Wildsmith.

To Reading Russet, from Mr. W. Wildsmith.

To Adirondack, from Messrs. R. Veitch & Son.

To Early Puritan, from Messrs. R. Veitch & Son.

To Favorite, from Mr. E. S. Wiles.

To Veitch's Improved Ashleaf, from Mr. J.
Hughes.

To Wordsley Pride, from Messrs. E. Webb &
Sons.

To Epicure, from Messrs. E. Webb & Sons.

To Renown, from Messrs. E. Webb & Sons,

To Sutton's Seedling, from Mr. J. Lambert.

To Prime Minister, from Mr. J. Lambert.

To Sutton's Abundance, from Mr. J. Lambert.

To Cole's Favourite, from Mr. J. Lambert.

To Vicar of Laleham, from Messrs. R. Veitch &
Son, Exeter.

To London Hero, from Messrs. R. Veitch & Son,
Exeter.

To The Rector, from Mr. E. S. Wiles.

To Edgecot Purple, from Mr. E. S. Wiles.

To Reading Giant, from Mr. J. Hughes.

To Sutton's Abundance, from Mr. J. Hughes.

To Hughes' Pink Perfection, from Mr. J. Hughes.

To Sutton's Seedling, from Messrs. G. Bunyard
&Co.

For any new named seedling variety not in com -
merce, six tubers to be supplied for cooking : —

First-class Certificates.
To Victory, from Mr. J. Lye.
To Duchess of Fife, from Mr. J. Hughes.
To Edgecote Early, from Mr. E. S. Wiles.
To Talisman, from C. Ross.

Awards of Merit.
To Duke of Fife, from Mr. J. Hughes.
To Seedling, from Mr. R. Clive.

The above are the awards up to the time of our
going to press ; but. we understand that additional
Certificates have since been given, to which refer-
ence will be made in our next issue, while the
detailed remarks furnished by the exhibitors will be
printed in an early number of the Journal of the
Society.

The Weather.

THE PAST WEEK.

The following summary record of the weather for
the week ending September 23, is furnished from the
Meteorological Office : —

" The weather has been in an unsettled, changeable
condition very generally. Over Ireland and the
north of Scotland the sky has been mostly cloudy or
overcast, and the rainfall frequent ; but elsewhere,
although a considerable quantity of rain has fallen,
several fine, bright intervals have been experienced.
Thunder and lightning occurred in some parts of
England on the 20th.

" The temperature has been below the mean in all
districts. In the ' Channel Islands ' the deficit is
only 2°, and in ' Ireland, S.,' 3° ; but in nearly all
other parts of the kingdom the average value for the
week has been from 5° to 7° below the normal for
the time of year, while in ' England, E.,' the deficit
is as much as 8°.

" The highest of the maxima, which were recorded
during the earlier days of the period, ranged from
59° in 'Scotland, W.,' to 67° over eastern, southern,
and south-western England. Towards the close of
the week the maxima were much lower; at few
stations they were below 50°. The lowest of the
minima were registered either at the commencement
or end of the period, and varied from 28° in ' Eng-
land, N.W.,' and 29° in ' Scotland, E.,' to 34° in
' Ireland, N.,' 38° in ' Ireland, S.,' and 43° in the
Channel Islands.

" The rainfall has been less than the mean in the
east of Scotland, and in the north-east and south of
England, as well as in the ' Channel Islands' ; but in
nearly all other districts an excess is shown.

" Bright sunshine has been more prevalent gene-
rally than it was last week, but has still been deficient
in the north of Scotland and over Ireland. The per-
centage of the possible amount of duration varied
from 40 to 55 over the greater part of the kingdom,
but in Ireland it ranged between 26 and 31, while
in the north of Scotland onlv 15 per cent was
recorded " ~ -

September 28, 1889.]

TEE GARDENERS' CERONICLE.

367

fBy the term "accumulated temperature" is meant a figure
representing the aggregate amount, as well as the dura-
tion, of the excess or defect of temperature above or below
42° Fahr. for the period named ; and this combined result
is explained in Day-degrees— a "Day-degree" signifying
1° continued for twenty-four hours, or any other number
of degrees for an inversely proportional number of hours.]

Fruit.— Average Wholesale Prices.

Temperature.

Rainfall.

Bright

Sun.

A bo
« p

111
!*|

*. SM

+ S<"
id

Accumulated.

.1
B

«s

• 5 •

'S a

o
a

CO
QO

1
s

8 .
o-iS

a <d

s §a

|«s
'SI

*." a

O hi

a „
£a •

■°.si

k 8.5

!■§

— hi

i ft

<u o

1.2
o

0) CO

S „

(sea

a d

Day-

lOths

In.

deg.

loch.

4 —

+ 193

+ 4

5 +

174

29.2

4 —

+ 22

+ 9

3 —

140

19.0

5 —

8 —

50
54

4
9

+ 18
— 14

+ 11
+ 121

4 —
Oav.

128

17.0

51
55

133

18.7

7 -

— 11

+ 68

4 +

125

21.2

6 —

+ 28

+ 75

2 —

126

16.9

5 —

+ 84

— 22

5 +

149

28.8

:.31

5 —

+ 51

— 1

7 +

134

22.1

5 —

— 52

+ 88

4 +

134

24.1

4 —

+ 47

— 53

Oav.

166

27.2

3 —

+ 15

— 14

0 av.

149

26.2

2 —

101

+ 101

— 16

4 —

140 17.9

50 42

The districts indicated by number in the first column are
the following :— .

Principal Wheat-producing Districts — 1, Scotland, N. ;
2, Scotland, E. ; 3, England, N.E. ; 4, England, E. ;
5, Midland Counties; 6, England, S.
Principal Grazing, 8fC, Districts — 7, Scotland, W. ; 8,
England, N.W.; 9, England. S.W. ; 10, Ireland, N.
11, Ireland, S. ; 12, Channel Islands.

Markets.

COVENT GARDEN, September 26.

Trade very quiet ; no alteration. James Webber,
Wholesale Apple Market.

Plants in Pots.— Averaoe Wholesale Prices.

Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6
Asters, per dozen ... 3
Begonias, dozen ... 4
Oyperus, per dozen . 4
Draceena tenninalis,

per dozen 30

— viridis, per doz. 12
Euonymus, in var.,

per dozen 6

Evergreens, in var.,

per dozen 6

Ferns, in var., doz. 4
Ficus elastica, each . 1

d. s.d.
0-18 0
0-6 0
0-12 0
0-12 0

0-60 0
0-24 0

0-24 0
0-18 0
6-7 0

s.d. s.d.
Foliage plants, vari-
ous, each 2 0-10 0

Fuchsias, dozen ... 3 0-60
Hydrangea, per doz. 9 0-18 0
Lilium lancifolium,

per dozen 12 0-24 0

Marguerites, doz. ... 6 0-12 0
Mignonette, doz. ... 3 0-60
Palms in var., each 2 6-21 0
Pelargoniums, scar-
let, per dozen ... 2 0- 4 0
Solanums, per dozen 6 0-12 0

Cut Flowers.— Average Wholesale Prices.

Abutilons, 12 bun. ... 2
Asters, English, bun. 2
Bouvardias, per bun. 0
Carnations, 12 bun. 4

— 12 blooms ... 1
Chrysanth., 12 bun. 3
Chrysanth., 12 blms, 0
Cornflowers, 12 bun. 1
Dahlias, 12 bun. ... 2
Euch&ris, per dozen 3
Gaillardias, 12 bun. 2
Gardenias, 12 blooms 2
Gladioli, 12 bun. ... 6

— 12 sprays ... 1
Heliotropes, 12 spr. 0
Lilium, various, 12

blooms 2

Marguerites, 12 bun. 3

Orchid bloom

d. s. d.
0-4 0
0-4 0
6-0 9
0-9 0
0-2 0
0-6 0
6-3 0
0-3 0
0-4 0
0-6 0
0-4 0
0-4 0
0-12 0
0- 1 6
3-0 6

0-6 0
0-6 0

Maiden Hair Fern,

12 bun 4

Mignonette, 12 bun. 1
Pansies, 12 bun. ... 1
Pelargoniums, 12 Bpr. 0

— Bcarlet, 12 spr.... 0
Primulas, double, 12

sprays 0

Roses, Tea, per doz. 0

— coloured, dozen. 2

— red, per dozen ... 0

— Safrano. dozen... 0
Stephanotis, 12 spr. 3
Sunflowers, various,

per 12 bun. ... 3

Sweet Sultan, 12 bun. 3
Sweet Peas, 12 bun. 2
Tuberoses,12 blms.... 0

s. d. s. d.

0-9 0
0-4 0
0-2 0
6-10
3-0 6

9-10
6- 1 6
0-4 0
4-10
6-10
0-6 0

0-6 0
0-4 0
0-4 0
4-10

n variety, fairly good supply.

Vegetables.— Average Retail Prices.
i . d. i. d.
Beans, Fr., per lb. ... 0 4- ...
Beet, red, per dozen 10-20
Carrots, per bunch... 0 6- ...
Cauliflowers, each ... 0 3- ...
Celery, per bundle ... 1 6-2 0
Cucumbers, each ... 0 6-09
Endive, per dozen ... 2 0- ...
Green Mint, bunch... 0 4- ...
Herbs, per bunch ... 0 4- ...
Leeks, per bunch ... 0 3- ...
Lettuce, per dozen... 1 6- ...

I. d. s.

Mushrooms, punnet 2 0- „
Mustard and Cress,

punnet 0 4- ..

Onions, per bunch ... 0 6- ..
Parsley, per bunch... 0 4- ..
Peas, per quart ... 1 3- ..
Shallots, per lb. ... 0 6- ..
Spinach, per bushel... 2 6- ..
Tomutos, per lb. ... 0 9- ...
Turnips, per bunob,

new 0 5- ...

s. d. s. d.

Apples, §-sieve ... 1 6-5 6
Cobs, per cwt. ...90 0-95 0
Filberts, per lb. ... 0 10- ...
Grapes, per lb. ... 0 6-2 6
Lemons, per case ...12 0-21 0

s. d. s. d.
Peaches, per doz. ... 2 0-80
Pine-apples, Eng. ,1b. 16-30
— St. Michael, each 2 0-60
Plums, i-sieve ... 2 6-50

SEEDS.

London: Sept. 25. — Messrs. John Shaw & Sons^
Beed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane, London, describe
to-day's market as inactive with regard to Clover
seeds ; the crops everywhere promise to be most
abundant, and consequently the trade generally is
waiting for a lower range of values. Small orders for
Trifolium still drop in. Seed Rye and Tares are
now obtainable on remarkably low terms. Blue
Peas are in improved request. The new Haricots
are good and cheap. This year's English Mustard is
coming to market at about 10s. per bushel. Rape
seed is firm. There is no change in bird seeds.

POTATOS.

Borough and Spitalfields : Sept. '2A. — Fairly
adequate supplies, and good demand for best samples.
Other grades dull, and prices rather irregular. Early
Rose, 40s. to 60s. ; Regents, 60s. to 80s. ; Hebrons,
60s. to 80s. ; Magnum Bonums, 50s. to 70s. per ton.

Spitalfields : Sept. 25. — Quotations : — Early
Rose, 50s. to 60s. ; Magnums, 45s. to 60s. ; Regents,
50s. to 65s. ; Imperators, 50s. to 60s. ; Hebrons, 55s.
to 70s. per ton.

Stratford: Sept. 24. — Quotations: — Hebrons,
60s. to 80s. ; Elephants, 50s. to 70s.; Regents, 55s.
to 70s. ; Magnums, light soil, 55s. to 70s. ; do.,
dark soil, 45s. to 50». per ton.

Notices to Correspondents.

Potatos are arriving in much better condition. Trade
nominally about the same as previously reported. /. J
Thomas.

Allamanda violacea : W. W. The flower sent is
not the dirty colour described by Mr. Outram in
the Gardeners' Chronicle, p. 333; but perhaps he
had seen only a poor strain, as there is some
range of colour in this species.

Apples on Clayey Loam, Cropping, &c. : Pomona.
The fruits will come into bearing much sooner on
the Paradise Apple stock. Apple trees in the
open do not, as a rule, " wear out " from excessive
cropping, unless they be starved in poor soil.
It is seldom that we get a succession of fruitful
years, and naturally in an unfruitful one the trees
regain vigour, and sometimes to an undesirable
extent. Vigour in trees is mostly a matter of
manuring, and, to a certain extent, of soil, but
even bad soils may be made suitable. The soil
you mention would suit either the Paradise or the
Crab stocks, and the varieties you name will do
well on either. Bismarck is a large kitchen fruit
of great weight, and resembling a large Blenheim
Orange. It is a free bearer, and late. It is said
to have a future, but we must wait before deciding
that point. Lady Sudeley is a large dessert
variety, one of the best of recent introductions,
is of great fertility, and the fruit of handsome
appearance. Transparente de Croucelles is good
for dessert or kitchen use ; it is large, soft,
early, and of second quality. Duchess of Olden-
burg, or Borowitzky, is a Russian variety, and
consequently possesses great hardiness, and this
will doubtless account for its generally great
fertility. It does not suffer so much from spring
frost as do most Apples. Yorkshire Beauty is
another pretty certain cropper, but it is not so
well known as it should be.

Asters, Globe Quilled : Kelway $ Sons. A very
pretty selection ; good for small beds and pot-
culture, if the habit is compact, and height mode-
rate.

Begonia with Partly Green Petals : W. B. S. It
is a curiosity, but of no great beauty, and merely
proves how petals may take on the colour of the
leaves, and of which they are but modified forms.

Book — Orchids : G. N. There are several. The
best, perhaps, is Mr. B. S. Williams' Manual of
Orchids, published by him at Paradise Nursery,
Upper Holloway, N. Another, and cheaper
manual, is Orchids for Amateurs, hy Messrs. J.
Britten and W. H. Gower, Baiaar office, 170,
Strand, London, W.C.

Chamomile Flowers: S. W. Enquire of some
wholesale druggist. The price is very small.

Freesia refracta alba: Burwell, Cambridge. See
article in present issue, p. 353.

Gardenias : H. The roots are being destroyed by
the root-worm, A. Curculio, which is hatched in
the bark of the root, and feeds on its substance.
You can hardly destroy it, and the best policy
will be to clear out the old plants and every vestige
of soil, and start with fresh plants from a dis-
tance, and soil from a new source. The bed of
leaves has not anything to do with the insect.

Leaves Disfigured: H. W. G. The spots on the
Dock leaves are due to the growth of a fungus.
Those on the Hellebore leaves are different, and
are, we believe, caused by radiation when the leaf
was wet with dew, in consequence of which the
tissues are destroyed as by frost.

Melon Roots : J. U. Your plants are attacked by
the root-worm. Use entirely fresh soil.

Names of Plants : W. F. T. Anthyllis vulneraria,
and Gentiana Amarella. — K. Cacalia coccinea. —
G. A. Probably Bignonia radicans.— W. P. Pinus
excelsa. The fungus is a Polyporus. — F. H. 1,
Populus alba ; 2, P. a. var. Bolleana, if of pyra-
midal habit. — J. Mel. Send better packed material.
Is it a form of A. capillus-veneris? — T. and P.
Indigofera. We do not recognise the species,
Send it with fruit, and state country. — G. S. 1,
Aster multifloras ; 2, Aster versicolor ; 3, Aster
diffusus; 4, Aster amellus; 5, Erigeron multi-
radiatus ; 6, Aster novEe-anglise.

Peach Leaves Eaten by Insects : E. H. The work,
doubtless, of the red legged weevil (Otiorhynchus
tenebricosus), this insect being especially fond of
preying on the leaves, buds, bark, &c, of the
Peach, Plum, &c. The young fruits fell off in the
spring either because they were directly injured by
them, or indirectly, owing to the great loss of
leaves. Since that time the weevils have taken
to other food. This and other weevils feed by
night, and may be caught at that time on wooden
trays, or pieces of board, covered with tar, held
under the foliage of the trees, Vines, &c, as on
the approach of a light they drop from the branches
or leaves, on to the ground. The tar holds them
prisoners, and they may then be killed with boil-
ing water. It must be persevered with, and several
persons employed. During the day they hide under
stones, or in the earth.

Pelargonium : G. W. B. Swanley Bronze Tricolor,
probably, one of the best of the section.

Peristeria elata : J. H. Yes, in weak spirits, but
glycerine is better for preserving any kind of
flower.

Stocks : C. B. Perfectly double flowers of Stocks
have no organs of reproduction, and seeds are ob-
tained from partly double flowers on plants grown
in pots.

Tomato Diseased : Tomato. The plants are affected
with Peronospora lycopersici, a fungoid growth,
which spreads with marvellous rapidity, and is
allied to the dread Potato rot. You can do nothing
but clear out the plants, burning every part, and
the soil, charring that to destroy the spores. It
would not be advisable to plant the house again
for some time.

CATALOGUES RECEIVED.

Dicksons (Limited), The Nurseries, Chester — Roses.
Henry Bennett, Pedigree Rose Nursery, Shepper-

ton, Middlesex — New Roses.
Bruant, Poitiers, Vienne (France)— Plant List.
William Watt, Cupar, Fife, and Perth —Dutch

Bulbs, &c.
Joseph Breck & Sons, 51, 52, 53, North Market

Street, Boston, Mass., U.S.A.— Dutch Bulbs, &c.

Communications Received.— Hope.— H. R.— E. A.— W. JJ
B.— C. J. Goldsmith— S. Gosse.— J. W. O.-P. L. S.— H. L.
— R W. M.— H. J. C— D. D— E. J.— Wild Rose.— J. D.— H.
W. G., next week.— W. Tuckwell.— P. S.— J. H.— J. Crag-
hill &. Sous, was answered on August 17, p. 200, photograph
mislaid.— W. N.— T. H. M., MS. with thanks.— Mertens &
Co —J. U.— W. D.— J. L. & S.— J. M.. next week.— J. V. V.,
Brussels.— Dippel.—R. B.-Br. M.— W. E.— J. S.—W. H —
j. W.— Dr. S.— A. D. W.-J. W. C.-G. H. B.— D. H.

DEATH. — We regret to announce the death, on
September 5; of Mr. D. Melville, Florence Villas,
Birmingham, second son of Mr. W. Melville, late of
Dalmeny Park, near Edinburgh.

368

THE GARDENERS1 CHRONICLE.

[September 28, 1889.

GREENHOUSE FIRES,

STOVES, &c.

Small Coke, remarkably-
free from Sulphur,

Delivered in Truckloads to any Station.

WITHOUT WHICH

For Price apply,

G. J. EVESON,

COKE CONTRACTOR,

BIRMINGHAM.

Complete Satisfaction Guaranteed

To all using preparations bearing our Trade Mark in
accordance with our directions. Refuse Imitations.

THE SWIFT & SURE" INSECTICIDE.

Bottles, 1/6 4 3/6; gall., 10/6; 4 galls., 30/

"PERFECT" WEED KILLER.-Gallon, 2/;

5 gal., 1/9, 10 gal., 1/6, 40 gal., 1/4 p. gal

"PERFECT'WORM DESTROYER-

Bottles, 1/6 & 3/6; gal., 7/6; 5 gal. , 5/p. gal.

"PERFECT" MILDEW DESTROYER-

Bottles, 1/4 S/j gal., 8/; 6 gal., 5/ p. gal. non£ ar£ oenu|N£_

"PERFECT" HORTICULTURAL SUMMER SHADINC-
Tins— 1 lb., 1/; 2 lbs., 2/; 6 lbs., 5/.

Axe absolutely Unsurpassed for Cheapness
and Efficiency Combined.

Used at Kew Gardens, Royal Horticultural Gardens, die.
Single bottles post free at published prices from the manu-
facturers. Special quotations for quantities.
Sole Manufacturers: The

Horticultural &. Agricultural Chemical Co.

Principal Agents: BLACKLEY, YOUNG & CO.,
103 HOLM STREET, GLA8QOW.

SOLD BY SEEDSMEN AND FLORISTS.

BEESON'S MANURE.— The Best and
Cheapest Fertiliser for all purposes. Write for Circular
containing the Leading Gardeners' and Market Growers'
Reports. Sold in Tins, Is., 2s. 6d., 5s. id., and 10s. 6rf. each,
or 1 cut. Bags, sealed, 13s. By all Seedsmen, or apply direct to
W. H. BEESON, Carbrook Bone Mills, Sheffield.

ORCHID PEAT, best quality ; BROWN
FIBROUS PEAT for Stove and Greenhouse use. RHO-
DODENDRON and AZALEA PEAT. Samples and Prices to
WALKER and CO., Farnborough, Hants.

CARSON'S PAINT

Patronised by 16,000 of the Nobility, Gentry,
and Clergy, for all kinds of

OUTDOOR WORK, CONSERVATORIES,

Greenhouses, Frames, &c.
1 Cwt., and Oil Mixture, Free to all Stations.

Liquid Non- Poisonous Paints for Inside of Conservatories, Sec.
Prices, Patterns, and Testimonials, Post-free.

LA BELLE SAUVAOE YARD, LUDGATE HILL, E.O.

BACHELOR'9 WALK, DVBLIX. -Discount fir Cash.

Ill PEAT !!!

EPPS & CO. are now storing PEAT of all
kinds for the coming season, having large
quantities in first-class condition, selected as
required ; also first-class LOAM, LEAF-
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CHARCOAL, &c, PEAT MOSS LITTER, at

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Parcels for trial, sent Free by Parcels Post, viz: —
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Dicksons Improved Fumigating Pan

Is vastly superior to any other. &£&!&

PRICE in Iron 6,6, or in Copper. 21/- yflfl^M^.

Dicksons 1syiaiar

(Limited)

Chester.

GENUINE GARDEN REQUISITES,
as supplied to Royal Gardens, &c.
SPECIALITY TOBACCO PAPER, the best and strongest in
the market, Wd. per lb., 281b. for 21s.
SELECT ORCHID PEAT, 8s. per sack, 5 for 35s.
SOILS and MANURES of finest quality, and GENERAL
SUNDRIES. Price list free.

W. HERBERT and Co., Hop Exchange Warehouses. South-
wark Street, London, S.E.

Protection of Fruit Trees from the
Winter Moth.

NOW IS THE TBIE TO APPLY

PROTECTIVE COMPOSITION,

AS RECOMMENDED BY MISS ORMEROD.

Particulars on application.
DICKSONS, The Nurseries, CHESTER.

(Limited)

bentley's

Insecticide.

Mr. J. H. Rose, LockiTtge Park, writes:—" Bentley's Insecti-
cide is the most effective and cheapest I have ever used."

For full particulars apply to JOSEPH BENTLEY, Chemical
Works, Barrow-on-Humber, HULL.

London Agent : Mr. A. ROBINSON, 8, Leadenhall Street, E.C.

SAVE HALF THE COST.

GARSIDE'S

BEDFORDSHIRE

COARSE AND
FINE

SILVER SAND

Is admitted by the leading Nurserymen to be the Best
Quality obtainable in the Trade.

Apply direct to the Proprietor for Samples and Price.

Free on Rail or Canal. All Orders executed with the utmost
promptness and under personal supervision. Special Rail-
way Rates in force to all parts.
GEO. GARSIDE, Jun., F.R.H.S.. Lelghton Buzzard, Beds.

BONES !— BONES ! !— BONES ! ! !

Crushed Bones in all sizes for Vine Borders, Lawns, Potting,
drees Lands, &c. Also BONE MEAL for Poultry Feeding,
GARDEN GUANO, DISSOLVED BONES, Special MANURES
and FERTILIZERS for all purposes.

For Prices, apply to

HARRISON, BARBER & CO. (Limited),

ttARRETT LANE, WANDSWORTH, SURREY, S.W.

TOP SPIT FOR SALE. Twelve months in
■tack — in splendid condition. — Apply to JONES, 13,
Lavender Hill ; or, J. ROLLINS, 3, Burr Road, Merton Road,
Wandsworth, S.W.

THE

Normal Fertiliser

For GREENHOUSE or GARDEN.

p™« - 7 lb. 14 lb. 28 lb. 56 lb. 1 cwt.
nce ' 2s. 3s. Qd. 5s. Gd. 9s. 14*.

And in Gd. and Is. packets.
To be had of Seedsmen and Florists, or the NORMAL
MANURE COMPANY, Ltd., 121, Bishopagate Street Within,
E.C, and Farnham Road, Guildford. Usual Trade Discounts.
WholesaleofMessrs.HURSTANDSON,152,Houndsditch,London

GISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading
Gardeners since 1859 against Red Spider, Mildew,
Thrips, Green Fly, and other Blight. 1 to 2 ounces to the
gallon of soft-water ; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines
and Orchard-house Trees; and in lather from the cake against
American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended
to supersede it. Boxes, Is., 3s., and 10s. Gd.

GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on
wet ground. Boxes, Gd. and Is., from the Trade.
Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY
(Limited), London.

STOVES,

Terra-Cotta ! Portable ! For Coal !

ROBERTS'S PATENT (IMPROVED),

for Greenhouses, Bedrooms, &c.

GREENHOUSES Heated 24 Hours for about One Penny.

without attention. ROBERTS'S PATENT TERRA-COTTA

STOVES for COAL give pure and ample heat with common

coal, or coal and coke. For Greenhouses, Bedrooms, &c.

Pamphlets, Drawings, and authenticated Testimonials sent.

See in use at Patentee's,

THOMAS ROBERTS,

34, Victoria Street, Westminster, S.W.

RUSSIA MATS.— New Archangel Mats, and
all kinds of Petersburg Mats, supplied Wholesale, to
the Trade only. Also RAFFIA. TOBACCO PAPER and
CLOTH, CANES, and all SUNDRIES.
MARENDAZ and FISHER, James Street, Covent Garden.W.C.

ORCHID BASKETS,
RAFTS, BOATS, AND CYLINDERS,

AND ALL GARDEN SUNDRIES.

SEND FOB A

PRICE LIST

from the Largest Manufacturer in the Trade,

H. G. SMYTH,

21, GOLDSMITH STREET,

DRURY LANE. W.C.

BULB SHOW TICKETS

For Marking Prices of Bulbs iu Seedsmen's Windows,

Illustrated in Colours,

and in most cases life size, very attractive and showy,
and will tend greatly to facilitate sales.

48 Sorts.

Price reduced to Is. Qd. per dozen.

Sample Card (size 5£ inches by 4y inches) post-free for 3d.,

and List of sorts sent on application.

HOOPER & CO. (Limited),

COVENT GARDEN, LONDON, W.C.

HORTICULTURAL

A Large Stock
always on Hand.

^^ GLASS.

Special quotations for quantities.

WHITE LEAD, OILS, AND COLOURS

At lowest possible prices.

NICH0LLS& CLARKE,

6, HIGH STREET, SHOREDITCH,

LONDON, E.

SIX CABINET PORTRAITS, 3s. ; three for 2s.
Twelve Carte Portraits, 2s. 2d.; six for .Is. ■id. Kightr
inch Enlargement, 3s.; three for 6s. Send Carte or Cabinet
and PoBtal Order, and you will promptly receive Highly-
finished Copies, with Original.

FRANCIS AND CO., 39, LudgaU Hill, London, E.C.

September 28, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

369

Have the

HEATING ! HEATING !! HEATING !!!

THE THAMES BANK IRON

Undertake the complete erection of HEATING APPARATUS for GREENHOUSES, OFFICES, PUBLIC BUII/DTwas *-„
largest stock of BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS in the Trade to select from, and invite inspection of same

BOILERS of the latest and most approved class, including the

PATENT HORIZONTAL TUBULAR, with WATER BARS ; CAST-IRON SADDLE, with WATERWAY-
END, Etc.; VENTILATING CEARahd VALVES.

In the event of a Pipe requiring to be replaced in the Patent Horizontal Tubular Boiler, an arrangement has been perfected whereby same mav be effected in the m„ro „f „ <-«™ «,._..*.

without the necessity of disturbing l he brickwork setting. * ' ellected in the course of a few minutes,

ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, Is. PRICE LIST FREE

UPPER GROUND STREET, BLACKFRIARS, LONDON SE

Telegraphic Address— " Hot-water, London." Telephone, No. 4763. " "

M. E.

HORLEY,

Horticultural Works, Toddington,
Beds.

PATENT PORTABLE SPAN-ROOF

GREENHOUSES,

Requiring no brickwork, constructed of

the best red deal, painted, and 21-oz. gla9s.

8 ft. long by 6 ft. wide, £5 10 0

10 ft. Jong by 8 ft. wide,

j 2 ft. long by 9 ft. wide,

A 16 ft. long by 10 ft. wide,

m^ 20 ft. long by 10 ft. wide,

£P 30 ft. long by 10 ft. wide.

«^_ Testimonial. — "Miss GIBSON has re-
;_" ceived the Greenhouse (15x10 feet, £12),
and is very pleased with it.— The White
House, Ongar, Essex, August 30, 1889."
niustra\ed~CATALOGUE Free.

8
10

12
15
22

HILL & SMITH,

BRIERLEV HILL, NEAR DUDLEY,

ANB AT 118, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, E.C.

IRON FENCING, HURDLES, GATES, &c.

IRON ROOFING AND HAY BARNS.

Special Estimates given for Large Contracts in Fencing,
Rooting, &c. Personal Surveys of Estates made, and practical
advice given as to the best and most economical Fences to put
down.

Illustrated Catalogues Free by Post.

THOS. W. ROBINSON,
Dennis Park Ironworks, Stourbridge.

JAS. BOYD & SONS,

HORTIODLTCRAI. BUILDERS

and Heating Engineers,

PAISLEY,

HORTICULTURAL
STRUCTURES

of every description,

in either Wood or Iron,

or both combined.

Wooden Chapels,

Shooting Lodges,

Tennis Courts,

Cottages, &c.

Hot - water Apparatus

for warming

Buildings of every

description.

Illustrated Circulars

Post-free.

Complete Catalogue, 3a.

Telescopic Ladders.
I Telescopic Steps.
--*— Telescopic Trestles.

Convertible Ladder Steps.
1%?..™^ Universal Step Ladders.
/_ , Turnover Step Ladders.
* .-_- Folding Pole Ladders-
Lattice Steps, very light.

4-in. Expansion Joint Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, is. 3d. each;

4-in. Socket Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4s. 6d. each.

Illustrated revised Price List on application, free.

^l Umpire's Step Chairs.

aEE* Great variety of designs
" and sizes. Sizes 5ft. to 60ft.
— Order direct, carriage paid.
Price Lists free.

HEATHMAN & CO.,

2, ENDELL STREET ; and
11, HIGH STREET,

LONDON, W.C.

RICHARDSON'S

HORTICULTURAL

BUILDINGS

Fixed in any part of the Kingdom with
Hot-water Apparatus complete.

Best Work
guaranteed, and
at Lowest Prices

NORTH OF ENGLAND

HORTICULTURAL WORKS,

DARLINGTON

CATALOGUE

FREE.

GLASS.

CHEAP GLASS.

8S. 6d. per 100 feet 15 oi. 12x10, 18x12, 18x14,24x14,
14 X 12. 20 X 12, 18 X 16, 24 X 16,
128. per 100 feet 21 oi. ... 16x12, 16x14, 20x16, 24x18, &o.

All kinds of PAINTS at very low prices.
FLOORING- at 7s. 3d. per square ; MATCHING at 5s. 9d. ;
3x9at2Ji. per foot run; 2x4at|<i. ; MOULDINGS, IRON-
MONGEKY, &c. Catalogues on application to

THE CHEAP WOOD COMPANY, 7.', Bishopsgate Street
Within, London, E.C.

CHEAP FRAMES.

PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES.

6 feet long, 3 feet wide

I \

Packing

Cases

FREE.

d.
0
0
6
o
6

6 feet „ 4 feet

12 feet „ 4 feet

6 feet „ 5 feet

12 feet „ 5 feet „ v

Larger sizes at proportionate prices.

R. HALLIDAY & CO.,

Hothouse Builders and Engineers, Royal Horticultural Works,

Mlddleton, Manchester.

London Agent— Mr. H. Skelton, Seedsman, &c, 2, Holloway

Road, N.

370

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 28, 1889.

THE GARDENERS' GHRONIGLE

Scale of Charges for Advertising.

Head Line charged as two.

Lines

£0

£0
0

8
9
0 9
0 10
0 10
0 11
0 11
0 12
0 12
0 13
0 13

AND SIXPENCE FOB EVERT ADDITIONAL LINE.

If set across two Columns, the lowest charge will be 20s.

If Bet across three Columns the lowest charge will be 30i.

Page, £8; Half Page, £4 10s.; Column. £3.

Gardeners and others Wanting Situations.

26 words, including name and address, Is. 6d.,

and 6d. for every additional line (about 9 words) or part

of a line.

THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE PREPAID.

This scale does not apply to announcements of Vacant
Situations, which are charged at the ordinary scale.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.— Advertisers are cautioned
against having Letters addressed to Initials at Post-offices, as
all Letters so addressed are opened by the authorities and
returned to the sender.

Births, Deaths and Marriages, 5s. each insertion.

Advertisements for the current week must reach the Office by

Thursday noon.

All Subscriptions Payable In Advance.

The United Kinsdom: 12 Months, 158.; 6 Months,

73. 6d. ; 3 Months, 3b. 9d.

FOREIGN (excepting India and China); including Postage,

17s. 6d. for 12 Months; India and China, 19a. 6d.

Post Office Orders to be made payable at the Post Office,

42, DRCKY LANE, W.C., to W. RICHARDS.

Publishing Office and Office for Advertisements,
41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C.

21-02. and 15-OZ. Foreign, of above sizes, in boxes of 100 feet

and 200 feet super.
English Glass, cut to buyers' sizes, at lowest prices, delivered

free and sound in the country, in quantity.
" HORTICULTURAL PUTTY." Own Special Manufacture.

GEORGE FARMILOE & SONS,

Lead, Glass, Oil. and Colour Merchants,
34, St. John Street, West Smitb.fl.eld, London, E.C.

Stock Lists and Prices on application. Please quote Chronicle.

BO ULTON & PAUL,

HORTICULTURAL
BUILDERS,

NORWICH.

No. 75.— MELON & CUCUMBER FRAMES

A large stock of these always ready. Made of good red deal.
They are 24 inches high at back, and 13 inches high in front,
bolted at the corners, easily taken to pieces if required. The
Lights are 2 inches thick, with iron bar across, and one handle
at the top. Glazed with 21-oz, English sheet glass, and
painted four coats.

Length. Width

1 Light Frame

4 ft. by 6ft.>

f£2

0 0

2 „

8 „ by 6 „

Cash

0 0

3 „

12 „ by 6 „

Prices,

5 0

4 „

16 „ by 6 „

Carriage

10 0

5 „

20 „ by 6 „

Paid.

16 0

6 „

24 „ by 6 „ J

I a

0 0

CARRIAGE paid to any station in England and Wales.
Also to Dublin, Cork, Londonderry, Glasgow, and Edin-
burgh, or stations equivalent.

CATALOGUES POST FREE,

BE D S T E A D S. — For the use of
Domestic Servants, Children, and Institutions, we
sold during 1888, of our D design BEDSTEADS and WOODS'
PATENT WOVEN STEEL WIRE MATTRESSES combined,
3200. Carriage paid to any Railway Station. Liberal pis-
count. Send for a " Book of French and Persian Designs," to
THE LONGFORD WIRE CO. (Limited). Warrington.

p A R D E N REQUISITE S.—

VJC Sticks, Labels, Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo
Canes, Rustic Work, Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of
WATSON and SCULL, 90, Lower Thames Street, London, E.C.

CHARLES FRAZER'S EXECUTORS,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, NORWICH.

No. 55.— Span-roof Garden Frame.

The illustration shows a Frame 8 feet by 6 feet. Made of
good redwood deal, sides and ends lj inch thick, painted three
coats of oil colour; lights 2 inches thick, glazed with 21-oz.
sheet glass. Height of sides, 14 inches. Height at ridge,
33 inches. The lights are hinged and fitted with " Registered "
Set-opes, which safely support them for ventilation, &c, and
the hinges are so formed that the lights can be turned quite
over, or taken off at pleasure.

Length. Width.
1 Light Frame, 4 feet by 6 feet

Cash Prices, "\
carriage

and
PACKING

FREE.

2 ,, ,, 8 feet by 6 feet

3 „ „ 12 feet by 6 feet

4 ,, ,, 16 feet by 6 feet

5 „ ,, 20 feet by 6 feet

6 „ ,, 24 feet by 6 feet .
Carriage Paid to all Goods Stations in England and Wales, also

to Edinburgh, Glasgow, Dublin and Belfast, and equal Stations.
New Illustrated Catalogue of Conservatories, Greenhouses,
Garden Frames, Poultry Houses, Dog Kennels, &c, post-free
for six stamps.

WANTED, First-class HEAD GARDENER
for large establishment. A superior house. Cow's keep,
coal and light furnished.— Address full particulars as to ex-
perience, wages expected, &c, with copies of testimonials, to
M. H. W.. Messrs. Keith & Co., Advertising Agents, Edin-
burgh.

WANTED, GARDENER, experienced, Wife
thorough housemaid, without encumbrance. Required
October, to take charge of Gentleman's small Country House.
—MANNING, Stretton, Ipswich.

WANTED, MAN and WIFE. Man as Gar-
dener and to look after Small Farmery (4 Acres).
Wife to understand something of Cooking and Dairy Work.
Wages, £35 to £40, and all found.— Address, with full par-
ticulars, Major G., Junior United Service Club, St. James", S.W.

WANTED, a SECOND GARDENER in a
Large Place, a married man with not more than one
child. He must thoroughly understand the general routine of
Gardening, both Inside and Out; Wife to attend a Lodge
Gate. Wage8 18s. per week, with three tons of coal a year.—
Apply, with full particulars to W. T., Eeaurepaire Park,
Basingstoke.

WANTED, a FOREMAN. Age not under
24 ; must be thoroughly well recommended ; good Plant
Grower ; well up in House and Table Decoration, &c. Wages,
18s., bothy, milk.— A. BARKER, Adare Manor, Limerick.

WANTED, active young Man, as FORE-
MAN.— One just out of his time, or been under a good
Foreman. — TAYLOR, Abbey Gardens, Cirencester.

Manager.

WANTED, for a Large Fruit Growing
Establishment, a PERSON who has had experience in
Growing Fruit and Flowers for Market. Thorough kuowledge
of Vines essential. Good opening for a suitable and competent
man. — G. H., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington
Street, Strand, W.C.

WANTED, a thorough good, practical, steady,
honest, and persevering young Man, as GENERAL
PROPAGATOR and GROWER, ultimately to conduct a
Nursery in Cape of Good Hope. Passage paid. Three years
guaranteed. Wages 25s. to 30s. per week ; with furnished
room. — Apply, in own handwriting, to H. CANNELL AND
SONS, Swanley, Kent.

WANTED, good steady MAN, well up in
Growing Pot Plants, Cut Flowers, Roses, Strawberries,
Cucumbers, and Tomatos for Market. He will have four men
and a boy under him. Nice house and firing. — Apply, stating
wages, W. G. HODGE, Florist, Plymouth.

WANTED, AT ONCE, good HANDS, for
Laying-out Work in London. Wages 21s. per week.
Personal application necessary.— WILLIAM HOLMES, Framp-
ton Park Nurseries, Hackney, N.E.

ANTED, a young MAN, with good

address, who has been accustomed to a. brisk Counter
Seed and Bulb Trade, and who has knowledge of Nursery
Stock and Values.— State experience, references, and' salary
expected, to GEO. COOLING AND SONS, Bath.

AN OLD ESTABLISHED SEED HOUSE
REQUIRES competent ASSISTANT in Vegetable and
Flower Seed Department.— Address, stating references, age,
and salary required, to SEEDSMEN, Gardeners' Chronicle
Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

WANTED, a young LADY, for a Fruit and
Florist Business. A first-rate Wreath and Bouquet
hand. Good references required.— Mrs. FAIRBOURN, 12,
Victoria Street, Manchester.

WANT PLACES.

Letters addressed " Poste Restante" to initials or to fictitious
names are not forwarded, but are at once returned to tht
writers.

SCOTCH GARDENERS.— Several superior
MEN, of highest energy and ability. Certificates on
application.— AUSTIN and McASLAN, Seed Merchants, 89,
Mitchell Street, Glasgow.

RICHARD SMITH and Cp".
beg to announce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and that they
will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars,
&c. — St. John's Nurseries, Worcester.

Gardeners, Farm-Bailiffs, Foresters. &c

TTm rl Gurdpusrs

JOHN LAING and SONS can at present
recommend with every confidence, several energetic and
practical MEN of tested ability, and first-rate character.
Ladies and Gentlemeain want of GARDENERS and BAILIFFS,
and HEAD GARDENERS for first-rate Establishments or
Single-handed Situations, can be suited, and have full par-
ticulars by applying at Stanstead Park and Rutland Park
Nurseries, Forest Hill, London, S.E.

HEAD GARDENERS.— At the present time
I can recommend several highly respectable Men, of
known ability and first-class character.— THOS. BUTCHER,
Seed Merchant, Croydon.

GARDENER (Head).— Age 40, married, no
family ; thoroughly competent and trustworthy. —
G. MORRISS, Chapel Square, Kimbolton, St. Neots.

f^ ARDENER (Head).— Age 36, married, no

vJT family ; competent in all branches. Highest references.
A. BEECH, Hemsby, Great Yarmouth.

GARDENER (Head).— Age 38, married;
thorough in all branches. Land and Stock if required.
Highly recommended.— PULLINGER, 13, Holmwood Road,
White Horse Lane, South Norwood.

GARDENER (Head).— Married, no family ;
twenty-five years' practical experience in all branches of
Gardening ; well up in Fruit. Good testimonials. — W.,
2, Belmont Cottages, West Chislehurst.'Kent.

G~ TaRX>ENER (Head). — Middle-aged, no
T incumbrance ; eleven years with present employer. Can
be highly recommended.— S. O., The Garden, Home Park,
Kingston-on-Thames.

GARDENER (Head).— Married ; thoroughly
understands the profession in all its branches. Twenty
years' experience. Also understands Cows. Good reference.
— H. L., Hayes Common, Beckenham, Kent.

GARDENER (Head). — Age 30 ; Scotch.
Fifteen years' experience in all branches of the pro-
fession. Good testimonials as to ability* Excellent references.
—J. BRICE, Southlands, Godstone, Redhill.

GARDENER (Head). — Age 29, single ;
understands Vines, Peaches, Stove, Greenhouses, Flower
and Kitchen Garden. A single-handed place not objected to.—
H. GODFREY, Southgate Road, Potter's Bar, Barnet.

GARDENER (Head). —The Advertiser has
been Foreman six years in good Gardens, will be glad
to meet with a Lady or Gentleman in want of above. Good
character.— C, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

ARDENER (Head) ; age 34, married.—

Majar Pidcock-Henzell, Pinehurst, Farnborough,
Hants, can highly recommend a thorough Head Gardener,
whom he has known for several years. Head in last situation
seven years; left through family going abroad. Highest
testimonials from last and previous places as to character and
ability.

ARDENER (Head, good Working).— Age

40, married ; thorough practical knowledge of all
branches of Gardening. Eleven years' excellent character.—
W. G. BAILEY, Florist, Bexley.

GARDENER (Head Working), , where one
or two are kept. — Well experienced in Orchids, and all
other branches of the profession. Excellent testimonials.—
W. WATSON, The Gardens, Polegate.

Septbmbeb 28, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS* CHRONICLE.

371

GARDENER (Head "Working), where two
or more are kept.— Age 30, married ; fifteen years' ex-
perience in all branches. Abstainer.— GARDENER, 13, West
End Lane, Kilbnrn. N.W.

/GARDENER (Head Working); age 31 —

\DC £5 will be given to anyone assisting advertiser to pro-
cure a situation as above, -where several men are kept. Excel-
lent references and testimonials.— GARDENER, 325A, King's
Road, Chelsea, S.W. ___

GARDENER (Head Working). — A Lady
wishes to recommend her late Gardener, who is leaving
through death. Fourteen years' good character. Thoroughly
understands Gardening in all its branches.— W. BROWN,
Hildersham Hall. Cambridge.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 44,
married, two children ; thorough practical experience
in Grapes, Peaches, Melons, .Cucumbers, Tomatos, Stove and
Greenhouse Plants, Flower and Kitchen Garden. Good
references.— T. AVERY, West Hill, West Cowes, Isle of Wight.

f^\ ARDENER (Head Working) ; married,

\JT Scotch. — The Advertiser is open to engagement with
any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a thoroughly
practical man. Early and Late Forcing, Orchids, Stove Plants,
&c. Eight years' character from present employer. — S., The
Gardens, Pinley House, Coventry.

(T\ ARDENER (Head Working), where four

\JT or more are kept. — Age 33, married, one child ; nineteen
years' experience in nrst-ciass establishments. Highly recom-
mended by last and other employers. — G., Clarance House,
Teddington.

BAILIFF and HEAD GARDENER ; middle-
aged, no encumbrance. — A Gentleman wishes to recom-
mend his Bailiff and Head Gardener. Entire Management of
Estate for 10 years. A successful Rearer of Stock, and Grower
of all Fruits, Flowers, and Vegetables. Wife first-class Dairy
and Poultry Woman. — POLLINGTON, 16, High Street,
Watford, Herts.

GARDENER (Head), or GARDENER and
BAILIFF.— Mr. Spottiswoode, late of Combe Bank,
Sevenoaks, wishes to recommend J. Bollon as above. Left
through letting of estate, of which J. B. had entire manage-
ment sixteen and a half years ; Large Gardens, a successful
Grower of Fruits, Flowers, and Vegetables.— W. H. SPOTTIS-
WOODE, Esq., Her Majesty's Printing Office. East Harding
Street, London, E.C. ; or J, BOLTON, Riverhead, Sevenoaks,
Kent.

p ARDENER (Head) or BAILIFF.— A

x_X Gentleman wishes to recommend a very trustworthy
man as above. Has had much experience. Excellent refer-
ences.—J. 0. SCOTT, Esq., Oxted, Surrey.

GARDENER (Head or good Single-
hasded). — Married, no encumbrance; well up in all
branches. Wife good Cook or Laundress. — A. M., 1, Davis
Place, Thayer Street, Manchester Square, W.

GARDENER (Head, or good Single-
handed). — Married, no family; twenty year*' experi-
ence in Early Forcing Grapes, Melons, Peaches, Cucumbers,
Stove and Greenhouse, Flower and Kitchen Garden. Highest
reference.— D. BE VAN, 2, Gordon Villas, Upper Gordon Road,
Enfield, N.

GARDENER,orGARDENERandBAILIFF.
— Well up in both departments ; or could Manage Fruit
Farm. — Particulars from MANAGER, Yair, Selkirk, Scotland.

GARDENER. — A practical man would like to
undertake the Working of a Garden for Market
Purposes, or would Rent Garden. — A. B., 36, West Street,
Grimsbury-, Banbury.

i^ ARDENER. — Married, no family ; practical

\A experience in all branches. Wife Dairy, or take Charge
of House. Good characters. — A. L., 3, Nottage Terrace,
Earlsfield Road, Wandsworth, S.W.

GARDENER; aged 34.— R. Sanders, Gar-
dener to A. D. Rothschild, Esq., can with confidence
recommend his Foreman, A. French, to any Lady or Gentle-
man in want of a Gardener. Eighteen years' experience.
Seven and a half years in present place as Foreman. — Halton
Gardens, Tring, Herts.

GARDENER (Working).— Age 44, married;
life experience. Thoroughly competent to undertake
the duties of a Gentleman's Establishment. Well up in the
Cultivation of Plants, Orchids, Fruit, Vegetables, and Flower
Gardening. Eight years' good character from late employer. —
GARDENER, 10, Fair View Road, Taplow, Bucks.

GARDENER (Single-handed).— Age 30,
married ; thoroughly understands Glass, Fruit, Flower,
and Kitchen Gardens. Good character. — B., 23, Little North
Street, Portman Market, N.W.

r\ ARDENER (Single-handed). —Age 26,

\-A single; twelve yea.s' experience Inside and Out, eight
years' good references. — H. B., 2, Runfold Villas, Tudor Road,
Norbiton, Surrey.

GARDENER (Second or Single-handed).—
Age 26 ; twelve years' experience Inside and Out.
Good references.— J. HEATH, The Gardens, Temple House,
Great Mario w, Bucks.

GARDENER (Second or Single-handed).—
Age 24, single ; eleven and a half years' experience.
Understands Vines, Melons, Cucumbers, Stove and Greenhouse
Plants. Highest references.— H. MASON, The Gardens, Cliffe
Castle, Keighley, Yorkshire.

a ARDENER (Second), where four or five
are kept.— Age 20; can be well recommended.— W.
COLEMAN, Odell Cottage, West Street, Ryde, Isle of Wight.

GARDENER (Second), in Glass Houses.—
Three years' character from last place. Teetotaler. —
ALFRED NIGHTINGALE, Am well Street, Hoddesdon, Herts.

GARDENER (Second), where four or five are
kept. — Age 23, single ; seven years' good character. —
G. W., Down Park, Crawley Down, Worth, Sussex.

GARDENER (Second).— Age 26; good ex-
perience both Inside and Out. Bothy preferred. Steady,
sober, and industrious, good character and references. — A. S.,
The Oaks Gardens, near Epsom, Surrey.

GARDENER (Under).— Age 25; strong and
active. Can have good character.— J. M., Manor House,
Waltham Cross.

MANAGER or FOREMAN. — Re-engage-
ment wanted. Exceptional references. Thoroughly
understands his duties. Small Nursery preferred to increase
business. Can Compile Catalogues. — O. U. T., Gardeners'
Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

FOREMAN, in good establishment. — Age 24 ;
good experience, and undeniable testimonials. — W.
HONESS, The Gardens, Cobham Park, Cobham, Surrey.

To Market Gardeners.

FOREMAN. — Age 38 ; grower of Cucumbers,
Tomatos, Forcing, and General Routine. — A. J., 158,
High Road, Lee. S.E.

FOREMAN, or DEPARTMENT FOREMAN,
in a good establishment. — Age 31, married, no family.
Highest references and testimonials. — FOREMAN, Gardeners,
Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

FOREMAN, or Second, in a Gentleman's
Establishment. — Age 24 ; eight years' experience in
good places. Well recommended. Abstainer. — FOREMAN,
Grey's Road, Henley-on-Thames, Oxon.

FOREMAN, or Second, in a Gentleman's
Establishment. — Age 27 ; experienced in Orchids, Stove
and Greenhouse Plants, Fruits, Flowers, and general routine
of a Gentleman's Garden. Well recommended. — A. B., Mr. E.
Bennett, High Street, Ponder's End, Middlesex.

FOREMAN, or FIRST JOURNEYMAN, in
Private Establishment. — Age 24 ; eight years' experience
Inside and Out. Excellent testimonials. Can be well recom-
mended.—A. NICHOLSON, Globe Temperance Hotel, Weston-
super-Mare, Somerset.

To Nurserymen.

FOREMAN GROWER and SALESMAN.—
Age 30 ; eighteen years' experience in leading Market
Nurseries, Crosses, Wreaths, and Bouquets. Good references.
— F. C, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street,
Strand, W.C.

NURSERY FOREMAN (General), or either
In or Outdoor. — Twenty years" practical experience in
all branches of the trade. Good Salesman. Satisfactory
references.— J. R., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington
Street, Strand, W.C.

ORCHID GROWER.— Age 26, married, no
family; thoroughly competeut to take Charge of Small
Collection. Seven years' practical experience. Excellent
references as to character and abilities. — GARDENER,
Spetchley House, Bitterne, Southampton.

JOURNEYMAN (First), in the Houses.—
Age 21 ; seven years' experience. Can be highly recom-
mended. Excellent testimonials from previous and present
employer.— H. JONES, The Gardens, Sipson, near Slough.

JOURNEYMAN. — Seven years' experience;
accustomed to Indoors and Out.— F. BURTON, 5, Jane
Terrace, Beverley.

JOURNEYMAN, in a good establishment.—
Age 26; energetic. Eighteen months in last place. —
F. STICKLAND, Stanmore, Middlesex.

To Nurserymen.

JOURNEYMAN, under Foreman.— Age 18;
with good testimonialsand experience. — State particulars
and wages, Prospect Nursery, Horusey, N.

JOURNEYMAN ; age 19. — H. Jones, the
Gardens, Cedars, Torquay, can strongly recommend a
young man as above. Energetic and obliging. — Address as
above.

JOURNEYMAN, Inside; age 22.—
J. Trigger, The Gardens, Milton, Peterborough, would
be pleased to recommend to any Head Gardener an active
and industrious young man.

JOURNEYMAN, Inside and Out. — Age 19;
anxious to Improve in Gardeuing. Good characters.
Total abstainer. — G. NEWMAN, 5, Cannonar Terrace,
Katherine Road, Twickenham.

JOURNEYMAN, Inside, or Inside and Out.—
Age 22 ; eight years' experience. Good character from
previous and present situation. — J. BANKS, The Gardens,
Sipson, vid Slough.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses. — Bothy
preferred. Anxious to Learn. Recommended by Mr.
Knight, Albury Hall Gardens. Leaving through death in
family. Good testimonials. — J. A., Albury Vicarage, Little
Hadham, Herts.

To Nurserymen.

JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 20 ;
highly respectable, and well recommended. Accustomed
to Watering, Tying, Propagating, chiefly among Soft-wooded
Plants. Active and obliging. — A. B., Park Nursery, Wartling,
near Hastings.

TMPROVER in a Garden.— Age 18 ; four years'

-*- experience. — Z. PACKHAM, Station Road, Hersham,
Walton-on-Thames.

TMPROVER, Indoor, or Indoor and Out.— Age
J- 18; three and a half years' good chaiacter. — H. PAYNE,
Sipson, vid Slough, Middlesex.

TMPROVER, in Private Gardens. — Age 19;

J- three years' experience, both Inside and Out. — For refer-
ences apply to A. S. ELDER, The Wardens, Highfield,
Gainsborough.

TMPROVER, in the Houses.— Age 19 ; bothy

-1- preferred. Six years' experience, two and a half in pre-
sent place, good recommendation. — H. ASHDOWN, The
Common, Sevenoaks, Kent.

TO NURSERYMEN.— Wanted, a situation
in the Houses. Eleven years' experience in Private
Establishments. Highest references. Age 24.— W. MARROW,
28, Sneyed Street, Tunstall, Staffordshire.

TO NURSERYMEN.— Wanted, situation in
Nursery. Six years' experience. Well up in general
work, Inside. Good references. Age 20.— G. PARKS, Cemetery
Road, Hailsham, Sussex.

TO GENTLEMEN and NURSERYMEN.— A
young man (age 21), can be highly recommended to any
Gentleman or Nurseryman. Well up in General Nursery
work. Six years' experience in large Nurseries in Belgium
and France. Excellent testimonials. — R. GRIFFIN, The
Nursery, Farnborough, Kent.

TO GENTLEMEN, &c — Wanted, by a re-
spectable young man (age 20), a situation in a Gentle-
man's Garden, where he could gain experience under Glass.
Seven years' character from present employer.— HEAD GAR-
DENER, Beckett Park, Shrivenham.

TO GENTLEMEN, &c— Wanted, a situation
by a young man (age 20), in a Gentleman's Garden.
Two years' good character. Knowledge Indoors and Out.—
HALLETT, Woodcote House, Bournemouth.

TO NURSERYMEN. — Wanted, situation
under Glass. Age 23; well up in Potting, Watering,
&c. Two years last situation. Good character. — B. A., Gar-
deners* Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C,

TO GENTLEMEN and GARDENERS.—
Wanted, by a Young Man, aged 19, a situation in a
Gentleman's Garden, where he would gain experience under
Glass as well as Outdoors; seven years' in present situation.
Good character.— C. CHTJBB, Weyhill, Andover.

SEEDSMAN and FLORIST TRADE.— Good
knowledge of Plants ; over twenty years' practical ex-
perience. Used to Buying in Covent Garden, &c. Moderate
salary. Age 35. — X. Y. Z., Summer Street, Southwark, S.E.

TO MARKET GROWERS.— Advertiser can
recommend a desirable man (age 24), well up in Growing
for Market, Cut Flowers, Tomatos, Grapes, Sec— G. H., The
Vineries, Mill Road, Worthing.

TO the SEED and BULB TRADE.— Adver-
tiser, age 23, well up in all branches of the Seed and
liulb Trade, seeks situation ; nine years' experience in a first-
class establishment. — N. G., 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

NURSERYMEN.— Advertiser, in the prime
of life, of good education, manners, and 'address, with
practical knowledge of Horticulture and Forestry, is open to a
re- engagement. Competent to undertake any Office-work, as
well as General Management.— FOREMAN, 391, Southwark
Road, London, S.E.

To Seed Trade.

SHOPMAN, or to MANAGE Small Business.
—Age 28 ; used to fast Counter Trade. Good references.
— C. DUNN, Southgate, Chichester, Sussex.

S 6 g A Tn, d s

SHOPMAN or MANAGER.— Age 30 ; fifteen
years' experience. London and Provincial Houses.
Thorough knowledge of Trade.— H. C, 11, St. John's Koad.
Clapham Junction.

SHOPMAN (Assistant). — Good experience
in Bulb and Seed Trade. Would Help in other Depart-
ments if required.— WHITE, 5, Hope Terrace, Acton Green,
Chiswick, W.

SHOPMAN (Junior), Improver.— Age 19;
five years' general experience in Seeds, Bulbs. Cut Flower
Work. Choice Fruits, &c— W., W. Barrack, Nurseryman,
Kendal.

YOUNG LADY desires re-engagement in
Florist's Shop. Good at Wreaths, Sprays, Bouquets, &c.
Excellent references.— X., Mrs. Butcher, The Nursery, South
Norwood.

HOLLO WAY'S PILLS. — Pure Blood. —
When the blood is pure, its circulation calm and
equable, and the nerves well strung, we are well. These Pills
possess a marvellous power in securing these essentials of
health by purifying, regulating, and strengthening the fluids
and solids. Holloway's Pills can be confidently recommended
to all persons suffering from disordered digestion, or worried
by nervous fancies, or neuralgic pains. They correct acidity
and heart-burn, dispel sick headache, quicken the action of
the liver, and act as alteratives and gentle aperients. The weak
and delicate may take them without fear. Holloway's Pills are
eminently serviceable to invalids of irritable constitution, as
they raise the action of every organ to its natural standard,
and universally exercise a calming and sedative influence.

372

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[September 28, 1889.

The Order of the Day in Every Well-governed Home is

Never Wash, Clean or Scour without using HUDSON'S SOAP. A Pure Dry Soap in Fine
Poivder. Rapid Washing, Foaming Lather. LEA VES NO SMELL.

Tbe

LAUNDRY.

Lawns, Laces,
Linen, Shirts,
Collars, Sheets,
Tablecloths,
Towels, &c, keep
a good colour if
regularly washed
with Hudson's

Soap.

Hudson's leaves
No Smell. Excel-
lent for washing
Flannels and
Woollen Under-
clothing.

PURE LINEN.

Clothes washed
with Hudson's
Soap are beauti-
fully sweet.whole-
some, lily-white
and fresh as Sea
Breezes. No fray-
ing of the Clothes.

No Hard Rub-
bing, Scrubbing,
Brushing, or
Straining neces-
sary.

SCOURING.

Ease, Speed,
Pleasure, and
Economy witri
Hudson's Soap —
very little Scrub-
bing and no Drud-
gery. Stone
Steps, Balconies,
and Window-sills
will always look
nice if washed
down with Hud-
son's Soap.

Hudson's re-
moves all obsti-
nate Dirt.

Greasy marks
and stains disap-
pear like magic.

»• KITCHEN.

Hudson's Soap
removes grease
from Stove Tops,
Cooking Ranges,
Kitcheners, Hot-
Plates, &c.
Copper and Ena-
melled Pans are
not likely to burn
if scoured with
Hudson's Soap.

» PANTRY.

Paste Boards
and Mincing
Machines can be
used immediately
after being
washed with
Hudson's Soap.

It leaves no
taint or smell,
and ensures per-
fect purity. *

"- NURSERY.

The Nursery
Floor should be
regularly scoured
with Hudson's
Soap. It will dry
quickly, and the
room will be
sweetened and
purified. Also
Baths, Feeding
Bottles, and all
Nursery Utensils.

BEDROOMS.

Sleeping
Apartments are
wonderfully
freshened when
the Floors are
washed with
Hudson's Soap.

Fixed Carpets
can be sponged or
wiped over with
Flannels. Lino-
leums, Mattings,
and all Floor
coverings should
be washed with
Hudson's Soap.

SAFE

CUARDS FOR

HEALTH.

Hudson's Soap
' is a protector.
Everything
washed with it is
pur i fie d and
sweetened.

It destroys all
germs of disease
harboured in dirt,
and removes ac-
cumulations of
grease.

HUDSON'S SOAP

Is a pure Dry Soap^in Fine Powder, in l-lb.,*£-lb., and
J-lb. packets, makes a foaming lather, and keeps the clothes
a ROod^colour.

Though you Rub ! Bub ! Rub !
And you Scrub ! Scrub ! Scrub !
You'll find that it's not in your power
In the old-fashioned way to do in a day
What Hudson's will do in an hour .'

HUDSON'S SOAP

Is excellent for Washing Flannels and Woollen Under-
clothing, as well as Linen, Shirts, Collars, Sheets, Table-
cloths, &c.

HUDSON'S SOAP

For Washing-up.
Knives, Forks, &c.
leaves No Smell.

Hudson's is as good for Plates, Dishes,
as for Washing Clothes. Hudson's

Editorial Communications should be addressed to " The Editor;" Advertisements and Business Letters to " The Publisher," at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, Loudon, W.C.
Printed by William Richards, at the Office of Messrs. Bradbury, Aqnew, & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City of London, in the County of Middlesex, and publishedby trie
said William Richards at the Office. 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County.— Satitbdiy, September 28, 1889. Agent for Manchester— John Heywood.

Established

No. 145.— Yol. VI. {ST™.} SATUEDAY, OCTOBER 5, 1889.

{Regt. as a Newspaper, f P R | C E 3d*
WITH SUPPLEMENT. \ POST-FREE, 3±rf.

CONTENTS.

Arbor days

388

Herbaceous border

385

Autumn tints

392

Holland

3H9

Backhouse's nursery

384

Kitchen garden

391

Begonia Scharfflana

388

Lrelio-Cattleya x Aurora

380

Berlin

3K»

Law notes —

British botanists, index

Legerton v. Harrison...

39+

388

Leaves, coloured

387

Cabbage trials, at Vei' eh's

382

Lissochilus speciosus

380

Cattle> a Dow iana

382

Market garden notes

381

Cattleya-house, a

390

Nepenthes at Veitch's ...

387

Cistuses

38b

Obituary —

Colonial notes

3H4

Fraser, Mr

3S9

Cornflowers

387

Wright, Mr. T.

893

Cypripedium Ashburto-

Orchid-houses, the

390

nisex

382

Orchid notes

381

Deep cultivation

392

Peas, progress in...

387

Dendrobium Lineale

331

Plant notes

385

Emblematical flower of

Plants and their culture

390

U.S.A

392

,, origin of cultivated

381

Flower garden

391

Potato sets and planting

38ri

Food from flowers

388

Potatos, new

898

Friesia refracta alba

392

Satyrium corrifolium ...

388

Fruiterers' Company ...

892

Societies —

Fruits under glass

391

Koyal Horticultural ...

393

Fungus foray in Epping

Scottish Horticultural

393

Forest

391)

Sweet Pea, the

392

Gardening appointments

398

Vegetable Conference ...

381i

Halton

379

Waterer, J., & Sons' nur-

Hardy fruit garden

391

sery

382

Heliopsis

38b

Weather, the

394

ILLU8TR

ATION8.

Cattleya-house, a

390

Haltou, views at

383

,, ,, (Supplement.)

Advertisers are specially requested to note, that,
under no circumstances whatever, can any
particular position be guaranteed for ad-
vertisements occupying less space than an
entire column.

Now ready, In cloth, lis. 6d.
rpHE- GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

J. Vol. V., Third Series, JAN. to JUNE, 1889.

W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE
IN AMERICA.

The Subscription to America, including Postage, is $4.30 for
Twelve Months.

Agent for America : — E. H. LIBBY. Manager, "The American
Garden," 10, Spruce Street, New York, to whom American
Orders may be sent.

■<HE TWICKENHAM CHRYSANTHE-

MUM SHOW will be held in the Town Hall on TUES-
DAY and WEDNESDAY, November 19 and 20. All particulars
may be had of Mr, J. J. G. PUGH, Hon. Sec.

2, Heath Road, Twickenham.

UNITED HORTICULTURATT^BENEFIT
and PROVIDENT SOCIETY.
The ANNUAL DINNER of this Society will take place on
WEDNESDAY, October 23 inst.. at the Cannon Street Hotel,
E.C., at 5.30 P.M. N. N. SHERWOOD, Esq., will preside.
Tickets 5s. each, to be had of the Secretary,

W. COLLINS, 9, Martindale Road, Balham. S.W.

EDINBURGH UNIVERSITY. Session
1889 90. Dr. SOMERVILLE will deliver 100 lectures on
the Principles of SCIENTIFIC FORESTRY. Syllabus and
all information on application.

HURST and SON have still a very fine stock
of ROMAN HYACINTHS, LILIUM CANDIDUM,
Paper-white NARCISS, and other forcing BULBS ; nlso a
complete assortment of DUTCH and ENGLISH BULBS, in-
cluding Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocus, Snowdrops, Narcissus,
&c, &c, at extremely moderate prices.
CATALOGUES and special offers on application.

Seed Warehouse, 152, Houndsditch, London, E.C.

OR SALE, a quantity of young FRUIT

TREES, the contents of a Private Orchard House, partly
in pots and planted.

Apply IRELAND AND THOMSON, Seed Merchants and
Nur-i-rymen, 81, Princes Street, Edinburgh.

SUTTON'S BULBS, Genuine Only direct
from SUTTON AND SONS, Reading. SUTTON'S BULB
CATALOGUE is Now Ready. Price ad. Post free.

" As is usual with Messrs. Sutton's publications, this
Catalogue is thorough and genuinely useful. The method of
classification and lucid descriptions render it an easy task to
distinguish suitable varieties, and make a good selection.
The Catalogue, which is fully illustrated, contains a superbly
coloured plate of Sutton's ' Matchless ' set of five Hyacinths."—
Western Times, August 31, 1889.

Complete Priced LIST of Sutton's Bulbs gratia,

on applic ition to

SUTTON and SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen, READING.

Rhododendrons.

HLANE and SON have a splendid stock
• of best-named sorts well set with buds for forcing or
planting, also Hybrid Seedlings and Ponticums for wood plant-
ing. CATALOGUE on application.

The Nurseries, Birkhamsted, Herts.

OK SALE, surplus stock of ORCHIDS, com-

prisinsr 30 fine specimens of Ccelogyne cristata,
IS inches wide, and several hundred of Odontoglossum Alex-
andra, not less than 50 and 100.

For particulars, apply to W. T.„ Gardeners' Chronicle
Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

LILIES and ORCHIDS.— W. GORDON makes
a specialty of these, and has sent his CATALOGUE to
all Customers. Catalogues containing many Novelties for-
warded free on application to The Nurseries, Twickeuham,
Middlesex.

Special offer to clear a quantity of good fibrous ORCHID
PEAT, 5s. per bag on rail at Twickenham.

RHUBARB.— 20,000 large Roots, ten years
old, suitable for forcing. £1 per 100, on rail. Cash with
order. J. J. CLARK. West Brighton. Sussex.

CHEAP OFFER.— LAXTON'S NEW
STRAWBERRY, "NOBLE," will supplant all other
early kinds. Fruiting runners, 7s. 6d. per 100, carriage paid.
J. CORNHILL, Market Grower, Byfteet, Surrey.

Surplus Cut Flowers.

HOOPER and CO. (Limited) RECEIVE and
DISPOSE of any quantity of above at best Market
Prices. Boxes, &c, supplied. — Address, Commission Depart-
ment, HOOPER and CO. (Limited), Covent Garden, W.C.

MESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS,
NURSERYMEN, Sidcup, and 285, 286, 287, 288, Flower
Market, Covent Garden, London, W.C, are open to RECEIVE
CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS in any quantity
for their Commission Department. Boxes and Labels supplied.
Telegraph Address — " COMMISSION. SIDCUP."

PEACHES, FIGS, GRAPES, CUCUMBERS,
TOMATOS, &c. Highest Market Prices guaranteed.
Prompt Cash.— HENRY RIDES, Covent Garden.

WANTED, ECHEVERIAS, and Golden
Tricolor, Bronze, and Lady Plymouth GERANIUMS,
from Borders. Good value given.
FLETCHER. SON AND CO., Nurserymen, &c, Chesterfield.

WANTED, CALCEOLARIA CUTTINGS,
Golden Gem and aurea tloribunda, good strong
growth. Quantity and price per 500 or 1000 to

H. TITE, Nurseryman, Hampton-on-Thames.

WANTED, large PALMS and other DECO-
RATIVE PLANTS in EXCHANGE. To ofler. 3000
coloured Dracaenas, in thumbs, well rooted ; 2000 coloured Dra-
caenas, in 3j incn pots.

All the leading varieties, at greatly reduced prices for cash,
package free.

THYMES, Nurserymen, Glasgow.

WANTED, GOOSEBERRIES, Whitesmith,
Lancashire Lad, and Industry. Samples and price
per 1000 or 10,000, to

WILL TAYLER, Oaborn Nursery, Humpton, Middlesex.

LILIUM AURATUM and L. HAREISII.
Good, sound, plump Bulbs can now be supplied.
WILLIAM BULL, F.L.S., Establishment for New and Rare
Plants, 536, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W.

Violets and Violas (3 Acres).

HCANNELL and SONS have large quan-
• tities, and will be glad to send sample and prices,
CATALOGUE free.i
Swanley, Kent.

EVERGREEN HEDGES. — Fine bushes of
LINGUSTRUM OVALIFOLIUM and THULA LOBBII,
from 3 feet to 6 feet. Plant now. Price LIST free.

WILL TAYLER, Osborn Nursery, Hampton, Middlesex.

Barr's General Bulb Catalogue free on application.

Barr's Daffodil and Plant Catalogue free on application.

Barr's Rare Species of Crocus and Meadow Saffron List on
application.
BARR and SON, 12 and 13, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

QTRONG, EARLY LAYERED PLANTS, in

O large 60's, now ready, of CARNATIONS, Pride of Pens-
hurst, Glorie de Nancy, Souvenir de Hans Makart, 3s. per doz.,
20s. per 100; true old CRIMSON CLOVE, extra strong for
forcing, 2s. per dozen, 14s. per 100 ; ditto in 48's, 4s. per dozen.

Free on rail. Cash with order.
GEO. POULTON, Fountain Nursery, Upper Edmonton, London.

CAPE BULBS.— Botanic Gardens, Capetown.
The usual Orders from the Trade are solicited.

Output December to February.
P. M A C O W A N, Director, Capetown.

ORCHIDS, The Specialty.— New Interleaved
Catalogue of an exceedingly healthy and well-grown
Stock, just published, post-free on application.

FRED HORSMAN and CO., Colchester.

ROMAN HYACINTHS, NARCISSUS,
LILIUMS, TUBEROSES, and many other FRENCH
BULBS, grown and offered by LOUIS BREMOND, fils,
Ollioules, France.

WHOLESALE LIST on application to WILLIAM DEN-
MAN, 7, Catherine Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C.

G" RAPE VINES, strong Planting and Fruit-
iog of Grosse Colmar, Black Alicante, and Muscat of
Alexandria. At special trade price on application. Also
Raspberries, strong canes, at 25s. per 1000.

G. LANGE, Chambery, Hampton, Middlesex.

PLANTING SEASON. — FRUIT TREES,
COB NUTS, FOREST TREES, and SHRUBS. Several
thousand for sale, all well rooted, strong and healthy. — Apply,
TODDINGTON ORCHARD CO., Winchcomb. Gloucestershire.

LARGE GROWERS of STRAW-

BERRIES and OTHERS.— Special quotations of Noble.
A. F. Barron, King of Earlies, Oxonian ; also most of the old
kinds, which include Aberdeen Favourite, and others.
R. GILBERT, High Park, Stamford.

Strawberries, from the Garden of England.

GEORGE BUNYARD and CO. can now
offer very fine Runners and Plants in small pots of all
the finest kinds. LIST free.

Old Nurseries, Maidstone.

THOMSON'S IMPROVED VINE and PLANT
MANURE.— This valuable Manure is made only by us.
Every bag and tin has our name on it. To be had of all Nursery
and Seedsmen, and direct from us. 1 cwt. and over carriage
paid. London Agent— Mr. GEORGE, 10, Victoria Road, Putney.
WM. THOMSON and SONS, Clovenfords, Galashiels, N.B.

SENT GRATIS.— WOOD and SON'S
interesting Pamphlet on Fertilizing Moss. Most valu-
able information on Plant and Bulb Culture.

WOOD AND SON, Wood Green, N.

C"HRYSANTHEMUM CULTURE.—
Standen's Manure, admitted by growers to be unrivalU-d
for this purpose ; in tins, Is., 2s. 6d., M. 6d., and 10s. Qd. each.
Sold by all Seedsmen.

rro

374

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[October 5, 1889.

SALES by AUCTION.

Dutch Bulbs.

GREAT UNRESERVED SALES, every MONDAY, WEDNES-
DAY, THURSDAY, and SATURDAY.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67
and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C., every MONDAY, WED-
NESDAY. THURSDAY, and SATURDAY, at half-past
11 o'clock each day, extensive consignments of first-class
HYACINTHS, TULIPS. CROCUS, NARCISSUS, and other
BULBS, from Holland, lotted to suit the Trade and Private
Buyers.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Tuesday Next.
Standard. Dwarf, and Climbing ROSES, includiog the best
Hybrid Perpetual and Tea* ; choice Hardy AMERICAN
PLANTS, RHODODENDRONS, and other Evergreen
Shrubs; ORNAMENTAL aud FRUIT TREES, and a
variety of GREENHOUSE and DECORATIVE PLANTS,
CARNATIONS. PICOTEES, &c.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL the above by AUCTION, at the City Auction
Rooms, 38 and 39, Gracechurch Street, London, E.C., on
TUESDAY NEXT, October 8, at half-past 12 o'clock.

On view morning of Sale. Catalogues had at the Rooms,
and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 63, Cheapside, Loudon, E.C.

Tuesday Next.

SPECIAL SALE OF LILIES.— Important to the Trade.
3,000 Lilium auratum, special Bulbs (some of the finest ever
offered), just received from Japan, also several thousands
of various Lilie-i, including 2,000 Lilium rubrumcrueutum,
1,600 Lilium album Kroetzeii, 5.500 Lilium longiflorum,
grand bulbs, 200 Lilium auratum rubro vittatum and
virginale, tigrinum, eximium, elegans, &c.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Central Sale
Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C, on TUESDAY
NEXT, October 8, at half-past 11 o'clock precisely.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Woking.— Expiration of Lease.

CLEARANCE SALE of 3 Acres of general NURSERY' STOCK,
in consequeuce of the Expiration of the Lease of this
portion of their Nursery, by order of Messrs. T. Holdforth
& Sons.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, the Sander's
Lane Nurseries, Woking, 1 mile from Worplesdeu Station, on
TUESDAY and WEDNESDAY, October 8 and 9, at 12 o'clock
each day. without reserve, the whole of the unusually well-
grown NURSERY STOCK standing upon this portion of their
Nursery, consisting of, amongst many other items, thousands
of young Conifers for growing on, 3000 Rhododendrons, 1200
Thuja Lobbi, 2 to 5 feet; 2500 Aucubas, 1 foot to 2 feet ;
5 iiiO Deutzia gracilis for potting on. a large quantity of Pampas
Grass, 4300 Portugal Laurels, 10,000 Berberis, 26,000 1-yr.
Quick, &c.

May now be viewed. Catalogues obtained on the Premises,
aud of the Auctioneers and Estate Agents, 67 and 68, Cheap-
side, E.C.

Wednesday next.
400 AZALEA INDICA aud CAMELLIAS, PALMS, and other
PLANTS from Belgium, 300 lots of first-class DUTCH
BULBS, and a variety of ANEMONES, Giant SNOW-
DROPS, CHIONODOXAS, Sec.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL the above by AUCTION at their Central Sale
Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside. on WEDNESDAY NEXT,
October 9, at half-past 11 o'clock, without reserve.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Southbourne-on-Sea.

About 1£ mile from Christchurch and Boscombe Stations,
and 3 miles from Bournemouth.
Important to Nurserymen. Gentlemen, aud Others.
Great CLEARANCE SALE of the whole of the GREEN-
HOUSE PLANTS, NURSERY STOCK, the WINTER
GARDEN, GREENHOUSES, PIPING, HORSES, CARTS,
&c, by order of the Southboume Winter Gardens Com-
pany, who are relinquishing their business.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS (in
conjunction with Messrs. McEWAN, BROWN, AND
WYATT) are instructed to SELL by AUCTION, on the
respective Premises, on TUESDAY, October 3, and three fol-
lowing days, viz., on TUESDAY and WEDNESDAY, October
8 and 9, at The Winter Garden, Southbourne-on-Sea, on
THURSDAY. October 10, at the Boscombe Nursery, Boscombe,
and on FRIDAY, October 11, at the Nursery, Christchurch, at
half-past 12 o'clock precisely each day, the wh de of the ex-
tensive stock of STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, being
the ron ten ta of 20 Greenhouses, including large Camellias,
Ferns, Palms, and Stephanotis.

300 Dendrobium noblle
3000 White Chrysanthemums
2300 Arum Lil.es

500 Azaleas

4000 Gardenias
2500 Double White Geranium
(candidissima fiore-
pleuo) for cutting
double white Primulas, Vallotas, Pearl Tuberoses. &c. The
erection of the span-roof Winter Garden, 200 feet in length;
four Greenhouses, several boilers, 2,000 feet of 4-inch hot-
water piping, also the out-door Nursery Stock of the Bos-
combe and Christchurch Nurseries, comprising 12,000 common
Laurel*, 3 to 4 feet. 2,000 other Laurels, large quautities of
various Conifers, 50,000 Asparagus; the erection of Show-
house and piping at the Boscombe Nursery ; the whole of the
Farm Implements, three Cart Horses. Carts, Waggon, Harness,
Rollers, corrugated iron, and numerous other items.
May be viewed one week prior to the Sale.

Catalogues obtained at the respective Nurseries, of Messrs.
McEWAS, BKOWN and WYATT, Auctioneers and Estate
Agents. Bournemouth, and of Messrs. 1'KOfHEROE and
MOltlUS. Auctioneers and Land Agents, 67 and 08, Cheapside,
London, E.C.

N.B. Conveyances will meet the 11.57 a.m. train from
London at Christchurch Station, ou October 8 aud 9, to convey
iuteuling purchasers to the Southboume Winter Garden.

BorrowaBh, near Derby.

Important to Noblemen, Gentlemen, and Others desirous of
obtaining beautifully grown specimen CONIFERS for
which this Nursery has so long been noted.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Messrs. W. Barron & Son to SELL by
AUCTION on the Premises, the Elvaston Nurserie-. BorrowaBh,
near Derby, close to the Borrowash Station, ou WEDNESDAY
aud THURSDAY, October 9 and 10, at 11 o'clock precisely
each day, a large quantity of beautifully-grown NURSERY
STOCK, carefully prepared for removal, including a great
variety of choice and rare specimen Conifers, large orna-
mental Deciduous Trees, for park or street planting; many
thousands of various Trees and strong Quick, aud a variety of
Greenhouse Plants, Ferns, &c.

The Stock may be viewed any day prior to the Sale. Cata-
logues may be obtained at the Nurseries ; at Messrs. BARRON
AND SON'S late Seed Shop, 16, Market Street, Nottingham ;
and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside. London, E.C.

Hayward's Heath.

About I Mile from the Railway Station.

SALE of well-grown NURSERY STOCK, the ground being

required for other purposes.

]\TESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are

ItX instructed by Mr. Banks, to SELL by AUCTION, ou the
Premises, Bank's Nursery, Hayward's Heath, on THURSDAY,
October 10, at 12 o'clock precisely, a large quantity of well-
grown NURSERY STOCK, carefully transplanted, and now in
capital condition for removal, including a choice assortment of
Conifers and Evergreens, 800 American Arbor-viUe, 4 to 8 feet;
1000 Green Hollies, 2 to 4 feet ; 4000 Common and other Laurels,
1£ to 5 feet ; 7000 extra strong Quick, 900 Golden Euonymus,
in pots ; Standard Ornamental Trees, 5000 Gooseberries and
Currants, fine bushes ; 3000 Raspberries, Laxton's Noble Straw-
berries, and others. Also a strong, spring, Market VAN.

May now be viewed. Catalogues obtained on the Premises,
and of the Auctioneers and Land Agents, 67 and 68, Cheapside,
London. E.C.

Leamington.

CLEARANCE SALE of NURSERY STOCK, GREENHOUSE
PLANTS. GLASS ERECTIONS, &c, by order of Messrs.
Wills & Son, who are retiring from tbe Business.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, the
Nursery, Milvertou, Leamington, adjoining the Milverton
Station, L. & N. W. Ry., on FRIDAY, October 11, at 12 o'Clock
precisely, without reserve, the whole of the well-known NUR-
SERY STOCK, including a great variety of Border Shrubs,
Specimen Cedrns deodara, Hardy Ferns in variety, 3000 Her-
biceous Plants; Greenhouse Plants, consisting of Ferns,
Epacris. Heaths, Camellias, &c. ; Succulent Plants, the
ERECTIONS of 5 GREENHOUSES, PITS. HOT-WATER
PIPING, BOILERS, BRICKWORK, TOOLS, 2 LAWN-
MOWERS, and other Effects.

May be viewed any day prior to the Sale. Catalogues
obtained on the Premises, and of the Auctioneers and Valuers,
67 and 68. Cheapside. E.C.

Friday Next. October 11.
BRASSAV'OLA GRANDIFLORA, Lindl.

A rare and fragrant species from the Chiriqui Lagoon. Flowers
7 inches in diameter, the large expLiuded labelluni pure
white. Borne in terminal heads on short, oft*-u branched
spikes; the plants are in grand order, fresh as when
collected.

Also some extraordinary CATASETUMS, with very large
handsome llowers, the male aud female flowers very dis-
similar in appearance, and other interesting species from
Central America, aud a few good plants of the hand some
SCHOMBURGKIA LYONSII.

\f ESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will

IfX SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Central Sale
Rooms, 67 and 68. Cheapsbie, E.C, on FRIDAY NEXT,
October 11, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely.

The Sale will also include a small collection of about
500 plants of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, the property of a
gentleman deceased.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Friday Next.

IMPORTED and ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, from Messrs.
Charlesworth, Shuttleworth & Co., Heaton, Bradford,
and 191, Park Road, Clapham, consisting of Oncidium
macranthum in splendid condition, with fine growths;
Odontoglossum Hallii. O. cirrhosum, O. sceptrum, Onci-
diums in variety, Masdevallias, &c.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL the above at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and
68, Cheapside. E.C, ou FRIDAY NEXT, October 11, at half-
past 12 o'Clock precisely.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Sunningdale.— Without Reserve.
Six days' absolute CLEARANCE SALE of 30 Acres of beauti-
fully-grown and thriving young NURSERY STOCK, by
order of Mr. C Noble, who has unexpectedly received from
St. John's College, Cambridge, peremptory notice to quit
all lands held under them. Important to Noblemen,
Gentlemen, Builders, Nurserymen, aud others.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, The Nurseries,
Sunningdale, Berks, close to the Sunningdale Railway Station,
on MONDAY, October 14, and five following days, at 12 o'Clock
precisely each day, without the least reserve, about 30 acres
of beautifully grown NURSERY STOCK, carefully prepared
for removal, including 30,000 Rhododendrons, 1 to 7 feet,
many of them handsome specimens of the best-named kinds;
and 1000 Standard Rhododendrons of the finest named varieties,
the whole comprising such a stock probablv never before offered
by Auction ; 50.000 Laurels, of worts. 1 to 4 feet ; 100,000
Conifers in various sizes, including many fine specimens;
Aucubis, several thousands of Ornamental Tiees, particularly
suitable for Avenue. Park, or Street planting ; a very fine col-
lection of 5000 Standard and Pyramid Fruit Tree-*. 5000 named
Gooseberries, thousands of American Plants, 50,000 Berberis for
cover planting, and other Stock.

May be viewed any day, Sunday excepted, prior to the
Sale. Catalogues may be had on the Premises, and of the
Auctioneers, Land Agents, and Valuers, 67 and 63, Cheapside,
London, E.C.

Luncheon will be provided for intending purchasers, and
arrangements can be made with Mr. Noble to lift aud forward
any lots to all parts of the kingdom, in respect of labour
incurred aud material used.

Chigwell.
CLEARANCE SALE by order of Mr. J. H. Brown, in conse-
quence of the expiration of tenancy.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, Rolls Park,
Chigwell, ten minutes walk from Chigwell Lane Station, on
TUESDAY, October 15, at 12 o'Clock. without reserve, the
whole of the Outdoor NURSERY STOCK; a splendid lot of
Orchard Fruit Trees, specially prepared for removal ; large
quantities of Currants and Gooseberries ; Strawberries in P^ots ;
Greenhouse Plants in variety ; 300 Maidenhair Ferns; Green-
house and Piping. Frames, the Utensi.s in Trade, two Carts,
useful bay Mare, small Stack of Hay, a few other items of
Furniture, and other effects.

May be viewed three days prior to the Sale. Catalogues
bad on the Premises; and of the Auctioneers and Laud Agents,
67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C, and Leytoustone.

Tbe Salisbury Road and Avenue Nursery, Willesden

LANE, N.W., five minutes' walk from Queen's Park
Station, L. & N. W. R.( aud Brondesbury Station, N. L. R.
Sale of a large quantity of GENERAL NURSERY STOCK,
and 15,000 PALMS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Mr. ,T. B. Goubert, to SELL by AUCTION,
on the Premises, as above, on TUESDAY and WEDNESDAY,
October 15 aud 16, at 12 o'Clock each day, a portion of the
valuable and well-grown NURSERY STOCK, .including 3000
Border Shrubs, specially suitable for the neighbourhood of
Loudon ; 2000 Laurels, 3 to 5 feet ; 7000 Aucubas, 5000 Golden
Euonymus, 1000 large Green Euonymus, fine ornamental Trees,
together with about 15,000 PALMS, of sorts, including 6000
Corypha Australis, 5000 Latania Borbonica, and others.

May be viewed one week prior to the Sale. Catalogues may
be obtained on the Premises; and of the Auctioneers, 67 and
68, Cheapside, E.C.

Richmond, Surrey.

About 10 minutes' walk from Richmond Railway Station. *•
UNRESERVED SALE of well-grown general NURSERY
STOCK, all carefully prepared for removal, including a
larjze quantity of various Conifers, 2500 Laurels, 1500
Aucubas, 2000 oval-leaved Privet, 3500 Golden aud Green
Euonymus, 2000 Poplars, 2000 Ivies in pots, 2000 Cloves,
a choice assortment of Stove and Greenhouse Plants,
including Specimen Palms and Ferus, and other Plants.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL the above by AUCTION, on the Premises, the
St. Mary's Grove Nursery, Richmond, Surrey, close to the Drill
Hall, on FRIDAY, October 18, at 12 o'clock precisely, by order
of Mr. W. Brown.

May be viewed one week prior to the Sale. Catalogues may
be had on the Premises, aud of the Auctioneers, 67 and 63,
Cheapside, E.C.

Islewortli.

SPECIAL ANNUAL TRADE SALE of thousands of beauti-
fully grown Golden EUONYMUS and young CONIFERS,
fur immediate potting, window boxes, or for growing on,
by order of Messrs. Charles Lee & Son.

1XESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will

ItX SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, the Wood Lane
Nursery, Isleworth, on MONDAY, October 21, at 12 o'Clock,
5000 of the best Silver and Golden EUONYMUS, splendidly
coloured; 1000 AUCUBAS, 1 to 3 feet; 500 AZALEA
MOLLIS; 1000 Standard Apples, of the best sorts ; thousands
of various CONIFERS for potting and planting out.

May be viewed any day prior to the Sale. Catalogues
obtained on the Premises ; at the Royal Vineyard Nursery, 2,
Hammersmith Road, W. ; aud of the Auctioneers, 67 and iS8,
Cheapside, E.C

Preliminary Notice.

The well-known Collection of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS,
formed by the late C J. Partington, Esq., of Heaton
House, Cheshunt, and including undoubtedly the finest lot
of Phalaenopsis that has been offered for many years.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS beg
to announce that they have been favoured with
instructions to prepare for SALE by AUCTION, on
OCTOBER 22 and 23, the above well-known Collection of
ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, including au exceptionally fine
lot of Phalteuopsis, the whole of the plants being remarkably
well-grown, aud in excellent condition. The Collection also
includes a very fine batch of Cattleya Mendelii, five plants of
C. Gaskelliana alba, C Mossije, a splendid lot of Masdevallias,
and others.

Further particulars will appear in future annouueements.
Catalogues are now in course of preparation.
67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C.

Exeter.

SIX DAYS UNRESERVED SALE of particularly well-grown
NURSERY STOCK

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Messrs. Lucombe, Piuce & Co., who are
relinquishing the business, to SELL by AUCTION, on the
Premises, the Exeter Nursery, Exeter, on MONDAY, Octo-
ber 28, and five following days, at half-past 12 o'Clock pre-
cisely each day, without the slightest reserve, the First Portion
of the extensive NURSERY STOCK, presenting to Geutlemen
and the Trade largely engaged in planting, a splendid oppor-
tunity of securing acres of well-assorted and thriving young
stock; also 15,000 GREENHOUSE PLANTS, including 3,000
well-grown Ericas, 1,500 Camellias and Azaleas, and other
Stock.

May be viewed any day prior to the Sale. Catalogues may
be had ou the Premises, and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 63,
Cheapside, London, E.C.

Hairow-on-the-HHI.

By order of Mr. E. Chamberlain, who is retiring from the
business, valuable FREEHOLD BUILDING ESTATE or
NURSERY LAND, and the wholt* cf the STOCK.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL by. AUCTION, on the Premises, the Nursery,
Sheepcote Lane. Harrow-on-the-Hill, on MONDAY and TUES-
DAY. October 28 and 29, the whole of the GENERAL NUR-
SERY STOCK, in capital condition for removal.

The valuable FREEHOLD BUILDING ESTATE, of about
3 acres,' with a commanding frontage to Sheepcote, Lane, will
be Sold on the first day prior to the Nursery Stock.
Further particulars will appear.

October 5, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

375

Eltham.

GREAT UNRESERVED CLEARANCE SALE of over 20 Acres
of remarkably well-grown and thriving NURSERY STOCK,
by order of Mr. Todman, iu consequence of the expiration
of the Leases, to be Sold by

T\/|ESSRS. rROTHEROE and MORRIS, on

-LVl. the Premises of the Eltham Nursery, Eltham, Kent,
1 mile from the Eltham Railway Station, on MONDAY,
November 18, 1889, and following days, at 12 o'Clock punctually
each day, without reserve, the whole of the unusually well-
grown NURSERY STOCK, extending over 20 acres, now in
excellent condition for removal.

Fuller particulars will appear in due course.

American Nurseries, Bagshot, Surrey.

PRELIMINARY NOTICE.

EXTENSIVE SALE of SURPLUS NURSERY STOCK. Highly

important to the Trade and Gentlemen engaged in Planting.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Messrs. J. Waterer & Sons, to SELL by
AUCTION, on the Premises, the American Nurseries, Bagshot,
Surrey, EARLY in NOVEMBER, an unusually large quantity
of attractive NURSERY STOCK, in grand condition for
removal.

Full particulars will be announced shortly.

Splendid Bulbs from Holland.

SALES every MONDAY, WEDNESDAY, and SATURDAY,
in Large and Small Lots, to suit all Buyers.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent
Garden, W.C., every MONDAY, WEDNESDAY and SATUR-
DAY, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely each day, first-class
consignments of choice named HYACINTHS, TULIPS,
CROCUSES, SCILLAS, NARCISSUS, and other BULBS,
arriving daily from well-known farms in Holland.

On view mornings of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Thursday Next, October 10.

SPECIAL TRADE SALE OF DUTCH BULBS.

MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38. King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C., on THURSDAY NEXT, October 10.
at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, several hundred lots of
First-class BULBS from Holland, lotted to suit the Trade and
other Large Buyers, comprising choice named Hyacinths,
Tulips, Crocuses, Narcissus, Scillas, &c. ; also Roman
Hyacinths, Paper-white and Roman Narcissus for forcing, &c.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Special Sale of Orchids in Flower and Bud.
/fit. J. C. STEVENS begs to announce that

his NEXT SPECIAL SALE of ORCHIDS in FLOWER
and BUD, will take place at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C., on THURSDAY', October 17, at half-
past 12 o'Clock precisely, and he will be glad if gentlemen
desirous of ENTERING PLANTS FOR THIS SALE, will please
SEND LISTS NOT LATER THAN THURSDAY NEXT.

Englefield Green.
ORCHIDS and ORCHID-HOUSES.— Without reserve.

MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instructions
from Col. Deare, to SELL bv AUCTION, on the
Premises, Englefield Green, about the MIDDLE of OCTOBER,
without reserve, the Collection of ORCHIDS and other
STOVE PLANTS, the GLASS-HOUSES, Hot-water PIPING,
BOILERS, SLATE STAGING, &c.

For Date of Sale and further particulars, see next Adver-
tisement.
AuctionRooms and Offices, 38. King Street, Covent Garden. W ( '.

Cart House Lane Nursery rHorsell."

About 2 Miles from the Wuking Station on the S.W. Railway.
SALE of exceptionally well-grown NURSERY STOCK.

MESSRS. WATERER and SONS are in-
structed by Mr. Richard Collyer, to SELL by AUCTION,
upon the Premises, as above, on MONDAY*, October 7, and
two following davs, at 11 for 12 o'Clock precisely each day, the
well-grown NURSERY STOCK on the above Land, comprising
a great variety of very fine Ornamental Evergreen Trees and
Shrubs, 3000 Vt negated, Green, Standard, and other Hollies,
3 to S feet ; 80,0uu Seedling ditto, 25,000 Yews, from 2 to 7 feet ;
120,000 strong 3-yr. old Quick, 2000 Spruce Fir, 3 feet; 1500
Thuja Lobbii, from 4 to 7 feet; Cupressus Lawsoniana and
erecta, Thujopsis picea, Retinospora, Aucuba, Laurels, Privet,
Rhododendrons, Deutzia, Weigela syringa. Double Scarlet
Thorns, and other (lowering Shrubs. Forest Trees, Fruit Trees.

The Auctioneers draw the special attention of Purchasers
requiring plants for ornamental and other purposes, to this
Sale, the whole of the Stock, including the fine Specimen
Trees and Shrubs, being well-rooted and io perfect condition
for removal, having all been moved within two years.

May be viewed seven aays prior to the Sale, and Catalogues
obtained on the Premises, and of the Auctioneers, at either of
their Oilices, Chertsey, Weybridge Station, and opposite the
Station Entrance, Walton- on-Thaines.

Be John Stott, a Bankrupt.

IMPORTANT to NURSERYMEN, FLORISTS, and OTHERS.

TMTt. CHARLES P. PLANT begs to announce

XYJL that he has received instructions from A. C. Proctor, Esq.,
the official receiver, to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises,
on FRIDAY, October 11, at 2 o'Clock prompt, the NURSERY,
in Hogshaw Lam1, Buxton, with the Greenhouses and other
Fixtures, valuable Hothouse Plants and Growing Crops, and
other Stock in Trade of a Nursery Gardener.

Al«o for the residue of a term of 5 years in the above
NURSERY GARDENS, commencing from Ladyday, 1888 (re-
newable at the option of the tenant for a further term of
5 or 10 years), subject to the terms of the agreement of tenancy
with the Landlord. A Copy of the same, and Inventory of the
*nid Stock and Fixtures, may be inspected at the Office of the
Auctioneer.

N.B. The whole will first be offered in One Lot. as a going
concern, and if not sold it will be offered in Lots to Suit)
Purchasers,

Auctioneers Office, Nuttall Terrace, Hardwick Mount,
Buxton.

Nine Elms Nurseries, Leek.

PRELIMINARY NOTICE. — Highly im-
portaui UNRESERVED SALE of valuuble and extensive
well-grown NURSERY STOCK, the property of Mr. George
Mathews, prior to removal, LATE iu OCTOBER.
Full pirticulars in due course.

Nursery Stock. — West Wlckham, Kent.

Under Bill of Sale, and by order of Trustee.
AUCTION SALE of about 40,000 well-grown FOREST and
FRUIT TREES, CONIFER, AUCUBAS, specimen WEL-
LINGTONS, border and pot SHRUBS, about 10,000
Standard and Dwarf ROSES, &c.

MR. W. LEVENS will SELL the above, on
THURSDAY, October 31, 1889, and two following days,
at 11 for 12 o'Clock each day.

Catalogues on the Premises, and of the Auctioneer, Railway
Bridge, Beckenham ; and also at 6, Kirkdale, Sydenham, S.E.
"N.B. West Wickham Station is on the South-Eastern Rail-
way, to which there are frequent trains from Charing Cross,
Waterloo, Cannon Street, and London Bridge.

To Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Florists.

FOR SALE, by Private Treaty, a first-class
NURSERY and FLORIST'S BUSINESS, together with
f acre LAND, 7 Greenhouses (contuiniug 25,000 feet Glass),
with Cottage, Out-house, &c, in principal town in Lincoln-
shire. Cut Flowers a specialty. — Further particulars, and
card to view, apply, BOX B— 37, Leeds.

UPTON NURSERY, Upton Lane, Forest
Gate, E., for Sale 6 Glasshouses, Stock, &c. Lease for
21 years. Arrangements could be made for payment by instal-
ments. No reasonable offer refused. Apply any day after 5.

rVO FLORISTS.— Handsome Frontage, Green

JL and Stovehouses at back, and large Yard, 59 by 30. Main
thoroughfare, Lee, S.E. No Premium required, or Stock to be
taken to. Rent, on Lease, fifteen years, £40 first year, £45
second year, and £50 for remainder.

Apply to Messrs. DYER, SON, ant> HILTON, 33, Walbrook,
E.C., and Blackheath (3154).

rFO BE LET, on Lease, about 2 acres of pro-

-L ductive NURSERY LAND, with Stabling, Outbuildings,
and about 13, 5u0 super, feet of Glass, About 5 minutes from
Waltham Cross Station, Great Eastern Railway. Apply to
E. A. H., Queen Anne's Lodge, Waltham Cross, N.

Fifty Nurseries. Market Gardens, Florist and Seed

BUSINESSES to be DISPOSED OF.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS'
HORTICULTURAL REGISTER contains full parti-
culars of the above, and can be obtained, gratis, at
67 and 68, Cheapside, London. E.C.

Landscape Gardening.
A RTHUR M. KETTLE WELL (late of

.tl St. Jjhn's College, Oxford), is willing to undertake the
Laying-out of Ornamental Grounds, Gardens, Parks, Cemeteries,
&c. For some time under the supervision of one of the first
Landscape Gardeners in England. Excellent testimonials.
Charities, half commission. —Address, Titley House, Titley,
R.S.O.. Herefordshire.

The London Fern Nursery Annual Sale.

FERNS, to the Trade, cheap.— ADIANTUM,
PTERIS, and 20 other saleable sorts, at 10s. and 12s. per
100. in 60's. 100.000 surplus stock to select from. Packing
free. 1 large DICKSONIA ANTARCTICA, 5 feet, fine pla:-t,
cheap. — SMITH, London Fern Nursery, Brixton, S.W.

GORDON'S first consignment of LIL1UM

• AURATUM has arrived. Prices, 4d., 6d.. 9d., Is., and
ls.Qd. each; per 100, 30."!.. 35s., 45s., 55s., and 70s. Liberal
allowance to the Trade. Apply for CATALOGUE to

The Nurseries. Amyand Park Road, Twickenham.

SPECIMEN PLANTS for SALE.— Taken

0 1st Prizes at Manchester, Liverpool, Cheadle, Shrews-
bury, Northampton, and other Shows. For prices, names,
&c, apply,

C. ROBERTS, Highfield Hall, Leek, Staffs.

RICHARDIA ALBA MACULATA. —
Strong Bulbs of the above-mentioned can be had at
moderate prices. Apply to

P. Van TIL Jz., and CO., Florists, Hillegom, near
Haarlem, Holland.

A SMALL LOT of QUEEN PINES to be
Sold, Fruiting and Succession. To be Sold in conse-
quence of alterations. Apply to
Mr. COMFORT, The Gardens, Knowle Hall, Warwickshire.

HIMALAYAN PIUMROSES.- Special Offer.
Primula rosea for Spring Bedding. For price per 100,
Address, F. E., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington
Street, Strand, W.C.

RHUBARB ROOTS for SALE.— 2000 very
strong stools of Victoria, true, and 2000 strong stools of
very early varieties of sorts.

Prices and particulars, W. S., Gardeners' Chronicle Office,
41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

BU L 15 S, English grown. —
SNOWDROPS, single and double, Is. 3d. per 100.
CROCUSES, three colours, mixed or separate, Is. per 100.
Winter ACONITES, 10s. per 1000, or Is. 3d. per 1O0.
STARS of BETHLEHEM. 10s. per 1OO0, or Is. 3d. per 100.
Pheasant-eye NARCISSUS, 10s. per 1000, or Is. tW. per 100.
DAFFODILS, single or double. lL's. per 1000, or Is. M. per 100.
BIFLORUS, 10s. per 1000, or Is. 6d. per 100.
SCILLAS, three colours, los. per 100J, or Is. td. per 100.
LILIUM CANDIDUM, Is. ad. per doz.
TULIPS, 4s. per 100, or id. per doz.
POLYANTHUS NARCISSUS. Is. 6d. per doz.
LILY OF THE VALLEY, 50 for 9rf., or Is. 3d. per 100.
JONQUILS, sweet-scented, Is. 3d. per 100.
Orange PHUiNIX, 5s. per 100.

1 LLHiS : Purple, Is. 6d. per doz. ; Red, 2s. tic/, per doz. ;

Yellow, 2s. tid. per doz. ; Orange, 2s. 6d. per do/. ; Scarlet,
Martagons, 5s. per doz.

All free by Parcel Post, and subject to approval.
O. D'ALCORN, London Road, Spalding.

THE GARDENERS' ROYAL
BENEVOLENT INSTITUTION.
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN, that an ADDITION will be
made to the PENSION LIST of this Institution in JANUARY
NEXT. All persons desirous of becoming Candidates are re-
quested to send in their applications with Certificates and
Testimonials to the Committee, on or before Saturday. Nov. 9
next, after which day they will not be received. Preference
will be given to those Applicants (or their Widows), who have
been on the Books of the Institution as Subscribers for Fifteen
clear Years. Should there not be a sufficient number of thee
Applicants to fill the Vacancies, then the claims of those who
have not subscribed so long, or not at all, will be taken into
consideration. By Order,

EDWD. ROGER CUTLER, Sec,
50, Parliament Street, London.— October 1, 1889.
P.S. Printed Forms of Application and all information can
be obtained from the Secretary.

FOR SALE, 10,000 GENISTAS iu 3-inch
pots, good plants, 8s. per 100. Bushy plants iu 40-pots
5s. per dozen.

Cash with order, by postal order made pavable at High
Street, Leyton.

T. BALDWIN AND SON, Edith Nursery, Burchall Road,
Leyton.

DELIGHTFUL GROUNDS, with prettiest
FRUIT ORCHARDS, in Kent, 9 miles from Loudon,
and charming detached RESIDENCE. Drawing-rooms, dining,
library, kitchens, &c, all on ground floor; nine bedrooms and
bathroom. Hot and cold water. Abundance of choice fruit
and flowers; conservatories, extensive stabliog, &e. Gardener's
cottage. Only £140 per annum, with Premium.

Apply immediately, A., Woodville, Welling.

The New Early Dessert Apple.
POOLING'S BEAUTY OF BATH should

\J be added to every collection. It is the best flavoured
and handsomest early Apple yet introduced, and will be indis-
pensable as an early Dessert Fruit when it becomes known.
Strong Maiden Trees, 2s. Qd. each, 24s. per dozen ; 2-yr. Trees,
3s. 6a". each, 36s. p. dozen ; Pyramids, 5s. each ; Dwarf Trained,
75. 6d. each.

Full description in Fruit Tree LIST, free by post.
GEO. COOLING and SONS, The Nurseries, Bath.

BULBS— BULBS— BULBS.— Our early im-
portationa are now to hand in firstrrate condition. Roman
Hyacinths, splendid, 14s. to 16s. per 100. Polyanthus Narcissus,
Paper White, 5s. per 100 ; Early Roman, 6s. per 100 ; Grand
Primo, 6s. 6d. per 100. Garden Hyacinths, 10s. per 100 ; Pot
kinds, 2s. H>d, per dozen; first size, finest quality for show, 4s.
to 6s. per dozen. Garden Narcissus, a specialty, most of the
varieties Home grown. Iris hispanica, this lovely gem, Is. tirf.
per 100. CATALOGUES free.

Orders despatched promptly.
J. R. PEARSON and SONS, Chilwell Nurseries. Notts.

SPECIAL OFFER of FERNS for CASH.—

O Extra strong, in thumbs, for immediate Potting, in the
following varieties; — Pteris cretica, tremula. cretica cri t*t.i,
aibilineata.h'istata.serrulata.cristatacompacta, A. cuneatum,
and an extra fine lot of Lomaria gibbaand Doryopteris paimata.
Also a fine lot, iu 48's, Pteris cretica, cretica cristata, serru-
lata cristata compact*. Polypodium, Dicksouia autarctica,
Greville robusta, and Aralia Sieboldi.

Price for thumbs per 100 or 1000, auri 48'sper 100 on application.

Inspection invited by

R. PENGELLY, Dyson's Lane. Upper Edmonton.

T ARGE IRISH BEACONSFIELD

-Li YELLOW PRIMROSE SEED, for naturalisation and
exportation. New crop, 1889, just gathered, in fine condition,
per lb., 50s. ; £ lb., 27s. 6a*. ; 4 ounces, 15s. ; ounce, 5s. Also
rare Daffodil seed and Glory of the Snow, in trade packets,
2s. 6d. and 5s. each.— WM. BAYLOR HARTLAND, Old-
established Seed Warehouse. 24. Patrick Street, Cork.

*#* Trade offer for his " Soleil d'Or " Sunflower, and imme-
diate orders for spring delivery in strong Stuff. The character
of this plant is now fully established. See Advertisement in
*' H. A." next week. A box of specimen blooms for six stamps.

E M S " — " G E M S " — " G E M S "

of Choice Stove Plants.

OXERA PULCHELLA — dense clusters, 8 to 10 inches
across, of pure white, funnel-shaped flowers, about 2 inches
long and 1 inch across. Flowers in winter very lasting,
graceful and beautiful. 55.

SCHUBERTIA G RAN DIF LOR A— flowers white with de-
lightful, almond-like fragrance, produced in large trusses,
similar to Stephanotis. Excellent for cutting. 2s. 6a*. and 3s. 6d.

STEPHANOTIS FLORIBUNDA— the finest variety in cul-
tivation, and freest bloomer, flowering at every joint, and
blooms in a lower temperature than any other variety we
know. Is., Is. 6rf., 2s. 6d., 3s. 6d., 5s. ; and fine specimens,
21s., 31s. 6d.t and 40s. each.

STIGMAPHYLLUM CILIATUM (Golden Vine) — flowers
rich orange, similar to the lovely Orchid Oncidium flexuosum.
Very distinct. 2s. Qd. each.

TOXICOPHLJEA SPECTABLLIS (Winter Sweet) — large
dense sprays of white flowers, sweetly perfumed. Beautiful
winter-flowering plant. 2s. 6d. and 3s. 6a'. each.

GLONERA JASMINIFLORA— one of the most beautiful
white-flowering plants for either cutting or decoration. Blooms
in the winter or early spring, and worthy of a place in the
most select collection. 2s. 6d. and 3s. &d.

CATALOGUES of these, and all you want for a Garden free,
by post from

WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham ;
10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.

PA N S I E S !— P A N S I E S !
From my unrivalled stock of Gems, which can be had
from 4s., 6s , 9s., and 12s. per dozen plants. Cuttings half the
price. Note. — The varieties I shall send are such as I have
gained several Gold and Silver Medals throughout the United
Kingdom, and also secured the 1st prize for the best twenty-
four blooms at Glasgow Autuuiu Show, September 4, 1889.
Pansy Cuttings iu finest colours for bedding, 24 for 8s. ;
24 rooted plants, 4s. This season's Seed. Is. and 2s. tid. per
packet. My Treatise on the Pansy, Id. ; cloth, Is. Id.
ALEX. LISTER, Pansy Specialist, Kolhesay.

376

THE GABDENEBS1 CHBONICLE.

[Octobee 5, 1889.

SUTTON'S

Named Hyacinths,

From 3s. per dozen.

" I think your Hyacinths beat all others."
Mrs. Steeicker, Danby Home.

SUTTON'S BULBS

CENUINE ONLY DIRECT FROM READINC.

All Bulbs Carriage Free
(except Orders under 5s. value).

FRUIT TREES-FRUIT TREES.

HUGH LOW & CO.

Offer of good quality, and will esteem favour of Orders : —
APPLES.— Dwarf Maidens, Dwarf Trained, 2-yr. Untrimnied,

Standards.
CHERRIES. — Dwarf Maidens, Dwarf Trained, 2-yr. Un-

trimmed, Pyramids, Standards.
PEARS.— Dwarf Maidens, Dwarf Trained, Pyramids, Standards.
PLUMS. — Dwarf Maidens, Dwarf Trained, 2-yr. Untrimnied,

Pyramids, Standards.
DAMSONS FARLEIGH PROLIFIC.-Dwarf Maidens, Pyra-
mids, Standards.
PEACHES and NECTARINES. - Dwarf Maidens, Dwarf
Trained, Standards, Standard Trained.
Quantity Large. — Quality Good. — Prices Moderate.
Inspection Invited.
Bush Hill Park Nursery, Enfield.

CANT'S NEW ROSE CATALOGUE.

The Best and Most Reliable Descriptive List ever published.

Post-free on application to
BENJAMIN B. CANT, Colchester.

NICE, CLEAN, HEALTHY,

GARDENIA PLANTS,

for Winter Flowering,

in 32-pots, 12s. per dozen, packing free.

CASH WITH ORDER.

MARSHALL BROS. &, CO.,

BARNHAM, BOGNOR.

JARMAN'S

BULBS,

ROSES,

FRUIT TREES, &c.

Illustrated Catalogue post-free on application.

JARMAN & CO.,

CHARD. SOMERSETSHIRE.
ISAAC DAVIES & SON'S

NEW CATALOGUE Of GENERAL NtJRSERf STOCK

Is now ready, and will be forwarded gratis on application.

Their HARDY RHODODENDRONS are unusually fine bushy
plants, covered with flower-buds. The SWEET-SCENTED
RHODODENDRONS, and other Greenhouse varieties, are also
well-budded. The AZALEA MOLLIS, and other choice kinds,
are a mass of flower-buds. Early orders are respectfully solicited.
ORMSKIRK, LANCASHIRE.

DUTCHT)TTT T> Q

FLOWERING

HYACINTHS, tulips, crocuses,
snowdrops, narcissi, LILLIES, &c.

IN GREAT VARIETY.

tS"Best Qualities only. XSTrices most moderate.

Descriptive Priced Catalogue (No. 36£)

j POST FREE ON APPLICATION.

The Royal Nurseries

and
Seed Establishments

DlCKSONS

(Limited),

Chester.

HARTLAND'S GOLDEN QUILLED
DOUBLE PERENNIAL SUNFLOWER.— Now is the
time to ask for a sixpenny box of Specimen Blooms, to prevent
any hitherto implied imposition, and get orders booked for
November delivery. Within the entire raDge of hardy
perennials. There is nothing finer. Its colour and floret-
formation in appearance like an immense bloom of Madame
Domage Chrysanthemum, or the very finest form of orange
African Marigold. Quite distinct.

Plants at fall. Is. 6rf. each, with 3d. extra to cover postage.
W. BAYLOR HARTLAND, Seedsman, Cork.

DUTCH BULBS.

HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUSES, SPIR^A,

LILY OF THE VALLEY— all strong clumps,

and GLADIOLUS Brenchleyensis and Gandavensis,

first size bulbs — all very low prices.

Apply to P. van TIL Jz. & CO., Florists,

HILLEGOM, near HAARLEM, HOLLAND.

ROSES IN POTS;

all the best New and Old English and Foreign
sorts, from 18s. to 36s. per dozen.

Descriptive LIST Free on application.

RICHARD SMITH & CO.,

Nurserymen and Seed Merchants,

WORCESTER,

FRUIT
TREES.

TMMENSE STOCK of

JL remarkably well-grown Trees.
Inspection invited.

New descriptive CATALOGUE
on application.

DlCKSONS

NURSERIES,

CHESTER.

(Limited).

JERSEY FRUIT TREES AND ROSES.

Carriage Paid. Strong healthy trees, the finest that money can

buy. Roses wonderfully cheap. Cordons a specialite. Before

ordering be sure to write for our Illustrated CATALOGUES.

JOSHUA LE CORNU and SON, High View Nurseries.

DUTCH BULBS CHEAP !

FRENCH BULBS CHEAP !

ENGLISH BULBS CHEAP !

See our Special Wholesale Catalogue of Bulbs,

Containing List of all the best varieties of HYACINTHS,

TULIPS, CROCUS, LILIUMS, DAFFODILS, SNOWDROPS,

IRIS, &c, &c, free on application.

Please compare our Prices before sending your Orders abroad.

WATKINS & SIMPSON,

Seed and Bulb Merchants,

Exeter Street, Strand, London, W.C.

STRAWBERRIES.

Strong Roots, 4s. per 100. Plants in small pot<», 16s. per 100 ;
ditto, in large pots, 25s. per 100. Descriptive LIST free.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants,
Worcester.

IUITTR

For Market and Private Growers.

ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS, ETC.

Descriptive CATALOGUES Post-free.

lf!HEAL&S0NS

UiW Crawlej, w Sussex.

STRAWBERRY
PLANTS.

We have a grand stock of Strawberry
Plants now ready, including all the choicest
varieties, which toe offer in strong prepared
runners, Carriage Free.

Per 100.
s. d.
20 0

LAXTON'S NOBLE, the superb new early, th«

best variety yet sent out ... per doz., 3s.

A. F. BARRON, splendid new mid-season

variety ... per doz., 5s. 30 0

COMMANDER, very fine, new sort, of splendid

flavour per doz., 5s. 30 0

WATERLOO, superb dark crimson ... per doz., Is. 7 6
THE CAPTAIN, fine new prolific ... per doz.. Is. 6 0

The following at 9d. per doz., or 5s. per 100 : —
AUGUSTE NICAISE, PRESIDENT,
BRITISH QUEEtf, LOXFORD HALL SEEDLING},
DR. HOGG, THE AMATEUR,

JAMES VEITCH, FROGMORE LATE PINE,

and many others.
100 in 10 choice varieties, our selection, 5s. %d.
1000 in 10 „ ,, „ „ 35s.

LILIUM HARRISSI (the Bermuda Easter Lily). Long
pure white deliciously scented trumpet flowers, superb
variety for forcing. Potted now may be had in bloom
at Christmas and the new year.
Fine selected bulbs, per doz., 7s. fid. ; per 100. 56s. #

Extra fine bulb*, 7 to 9 inches in circumference, per doz.,
10s. 6d. ; per 100, 80s.

Our CATALOGUE of Dutch Floxoer
Roots, Roses, Fruit Trees, $rc, is now ready,
and may be had free on appliaation.

DANIELS BROS.,

TOWN CLOSE NURSERIES,

NORWICH.

LE FRUITIER. "-The Celebrated Vine
Manure for producing in excellence, size,
colour, and flavour.

See Testimonials from the most experienced Grape and Fruit
Growers.

The only Fertiliser sold under Dr. Voelcker & Son's Guaranteed

Analysis — showing 100 parts.

Tins, Is. 3d. ; 7 lb., 2s. M. ; } cwt., 10s. ; cwt.. Ids.

FRESH, RAW, CRUSHED BONES—

5 to j inch to dust and meal, 10s. 6d. cwt., per ton £10.

Splendid LOAM, Yellow, Fibrous, per ton truck-

load, 16s.

Send for WOOD $ SON'S List of Specialtie:

WOOD & SON, F.R.H.S.,

Wood Green,

London, N.

CLAPTON NURSERY. LONDON,
and BUSH HILL PARK. ENFIELD.

The GLASS STRUCTURES cover an area of upwards of

315,000 feet.

EIGHTY HOUSES DEVOTED TO CULTURE OF

ORCHIDS, PALMS, and FERNS.

Immense quantities of Winter and 'Spring Flowering

Plants in variety, Ornamental Foliaged Plants, Fruit

Trees, Grape Vines, Roses, Shrubs, &c.

Inspection of the Stock invited.

HUGH LOW AND CO.

SEEDS. -CROP 18 8 9.

TO THE TRADE.

We shall be pleased to make Special Prices for

PEAS, BEANS, ONIONS, &c,

on receipt of requirements.
HOWCROFT and WATKINS, Wholesale Seed Merchants,
Hart Street, Corent Garden, London. W.C.

CUTBUSH'S MILL-
track MUSHROOM SPAWN.
— Too well known to require descrip-
tion. Price 6s. per bushel (Is. extra
per bushel for package), or 6d. per
cake ; free by parcel post, Is.

None genuine unless in sealed pack-
ages and printed cultural directions
enclosed, with our signature attached.

WM. CUTBUSH' AND SON,
Nurserymen and Seed Merchants,
Highgate Nurseries, N.

tr4

October 5, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

377

PHCENIX RECLINATA.— New Seed of this
very ornamental and easily-grown Palm has just come
to hand from South Africa, and will be sold at a low price.
Apply to

HUKST AND SON, Seed Merchants 152, Houndaditch, E.

-(A (\(\(\ Golden EUONYMUS, Oval, from

J-\/^V/\/\/ 1 to 4-yr. old. Price on application.

T. J. SHORT, Nurseryman, St. Edward's Road, Southsea.

STRAWBERRY RUNNERS for FRUITING
NEXT SEASON.— Thury, Paxton, President, and other
favourite varieties. Descriptive LIST, with prices, on appli-
cation. Sample of plants, post-free, 3d.

W. LOVELL and SON, Strawberry Planters, Driffield.

DUTCH BULBS ! — BULBS !— BULBS !—
Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcissi, Crocuses, Anemones, Ra-
nunculus, Lilies, and all other Bulbous Plants and Roots.
Goods delivered entirely free of any charge at destination in
Great Britain and Ireland. No packing charges. The most
favourable and easy terms ever offered. Only the finest roots,
guaranteed true to name, supplied at lowest prices. Beauti-
fully illustrated English CATALOGUE for Amateurs, gratis
and post-free on application to VAN MEERBEEK and CO.,
Growers, Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland.

STRAWBERRIES.— Leading kinds, in 3|-inch
pots, for immediate Planting or Potting on for Forcing.
Send for LIST.

FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Sheen Nurseries, Richmond,
Surrey ; and Flower Market, Covent Garden, W.C.

Special Offer of Large Well-grown Evergreens and

CONIFERS, frequently transplanted, standing singly, and
every plant a specimen, offered by

WILLIAM WOOD and SON,
The Nurseries, Maresfield, Uckfield, Sussex.
Single plants supplied if required at the dozen price.
Conlferse.
ABIES DOUGLASII, 5 to 6 ft., 18s. ; 6 to 7 ft., 24s. per d^zen.

., ,, GLAUCA, very fine, 5 to 6 feet, 24s. per dozen.
AMERICAN ARBOR-VIT.E, 4 to 5 feet, 15s. ; 5 to 6 feet, 18s. ;

6 to 7 feet, 24s. per dozen.

CUPRESSUS LAVFSONIANA, 6 feet, 18s. ; 6 to 7 feet, 24s. ;

7 to 8 feet, 30s. ; 8 to 10 feet, 40s. per dozen.

„ LAWSONIANA ERECTA VIRIDIS, extra fine, i feet,
42s. ; 5 feet. 60s. per dozen.
PICEA PINSAPO, 2J to 3 feet. 30s. ; 3 to 4 feet, 42s. per dozen.
„ PECTINATA (Silver Fir), 3 to 4 feet, 18s.; 4 to 5 feet,
22s. per dozen.
PINUS AUSTRIACA, 3 to 4 feet, 20s. ; 4 to 5 feet, 28s. perdoz.
„ LARICIO, 4 to 5 feet, 28s. ; 5 to 6 feet, 36s. per dozen.
„ SYLVESTRIS (Scotch Fir), 4 to 6 feet, 20s. ; 5 to 6 feet,
25s. per dozen. From nursery rows, 2 to 3 feet, 35s. ;
3 to 3| feet, 50s. per 1000.
„ INSIGNIS, 5 to 7 feet. 30s. per dozen.
„ CEMBRA, 3 to 4 feet, 15s. per dozen.
CRYPTOMERIA ELEGANS, 3 to 4 feet, 12s. per dozen.
RETINOSPORA PLUMOSA,5feet, 20s. ; 6 feet, 24s. per dozen.

„ „ AUREA, 3 feet, fine, 20s. per dozen.
THUJOPSIS DOLABRATA, 2 to 3 ft., 18s. ; 3 to 4 ft., 24s. doz.

,, BOREALIS, 4 to 5 feet, very fine, 30s. per dozen.
TAXUS ELEGANTISSLMA, 1£ to 2 feet, 20s. per dozen.
THUIA LOBBII, 4 to 5 ft., 20s.; 5 to 6 ft., 30s. ; 6 to 7 ft., 36s.

Large Evergreens.
LAURELS, Common, colchicum, caucasicum, and rotundi-

folium, 3 to 4 feet, 12s. ; 4 to 5 feet, 18s. ; 5 to 6 feet,

21s. per dozen.
.. Portugal, 2^ to 3 feet, 24s. per dozen.
TREE BOX, green and variegated, 2 to 3 feet, 9s. ; 3 to 4 feet,

15s. per dozen.
BERBERIS DARWINII, 2 to 3 feet. 9s. ; 3 to 4 feet. 15s. doz.
LAURUSTINUS, ]£ to 2 feet, 10s. ; 2 to 2Jfeet, 15s. per dozen.
GRISLINIA LIITORALIS, 1 tol^ft., 10s.; lJto2ft.. 15s. doz.
OLEARIA HAASTII, 1J to 2 feet, 9s. per dozen, 60s. per 100.
COTONEASTER SIMMONSII. 3 to 4 feet, 8s. per dozen.
GORSE. double, fine, in pots, is. per dozen, 50s. per 100.
DECIDUOUS FLOWERING SHRUBS, consisting of Althtea

frutex, Deutzias, Forsythias, Guelder Rose, Rhus,

Ribes, Sambucus, Spineas, Syringas, &c, at 4s. per

dozen, 22s. Hd. per 100.
WEIGELAS, a fine collection, 6s. per dozen, 40s. per 100.
CATALOGUES Gratis on application.

RAPE VINES. — Planting and Fruiting

Canes of the leading kinds. Price LIST free.
WILL TAYLER. Osborn Nursery, Hampton, Middlesex.

QA AAA CLEMATIS, in Pots, of all the

\J\J*)\JyJ\J finest Double and Single Varieties (some
of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of
every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for
climbing and bedding, from 12s. to 24s. per dozen, strong
plants ; extra strong plants, repotted into 5^-inch pots, 2s 6a.
each ; Beauty of Worcester, a magnificent purple, excellent
for bedding, recently sent out by us, reduced price 2s. Qd. each.
Descriptive LIST on application.— RICHARD SMITH and CO.,
Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester.

The Best Present for a Gardener,
INES and VINE CULTURE.

The most complete and exhaustive Treatise on

Grapes and their Culture ever published.

New Edition.

Price 55., post-free 5s. 6a".

A. F. BARRON, Royal Horticultural Society, Chiswick.

BULBS FOR EARLY
FORCING.

White ROMAN HYACINTHS, first quality bulbs, carefully
selected, 2s. 6rf. per dozen ; 18s. %d. per 1)0.

NARCISSUS, paper White, Is. 3d. per dozen ; 7.5. per 100.
Double Roman, Is. 3d. per dozen ; 7s. per 100.

LILIUM HARRISII (Bermuda Easter Lily).— Our direct
importation from Bermuda of this charming pure white Lily
enables us to offer grand bulbs, in the best possible condition,
at extraordinarily low prices. Fine selected, 7s. per dozen;
50s. per 100. Extra fine selected, 7 to 9 inches in circumference,
10s. per dozen ; 75s. per 100. Potted now, will be in bloom at
Christmas and the New Year.

Descriptive CATALOGUE of Dutch and other Bulbs, poat-
frprt on application.

RU'HARn SMITH a\p CO., Seed Merchants, Worcester.

§IUI1ll1UIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHUIIII1IIIIIIIllll1MI[llimilllliIIIIIIIIIIIMHIIIMIIIIIII1l'a

( PLANTING SEASON. 1

HARDILY. GROWN

I^OREST,^RUIT,I

S A ALL OTHER =

| TREES & PLANTS, 1
I Evergreens, Roses, &c. j

| NURSERIES 40Q ACRES. |
| Largest & Finest Stocks in Europe. I

| inspection eabnestly invited. |

| Priced Catalogues Gratis 4 Post Free. |
H ESTIMATES a all Particulars on Application. =

(Limited), 5

Tlie Nurseries.

[ CHESTER!

! '^^^^^^IDicksons Chester. I

ifitinminiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiitiHniiiiiiiiiiiiiHiiiHiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiMiiiiiii*

STRAWBERRIES.

None equal to those from Swanley; 8 acres, and thousands
in pots. Illustrated CATALOGUE, giving full particulars
how to plant, grow, and have an abundance of finest fruit.
Sent post-free.

H. CANNELL & SONS, Swanley. Kent.

BMALLER and SONS beg to offer to the
• Trade a very extensive and unusually well grown stock
of ERICAS (hyemalis and other varieties), EPACRIS, SOLA-
NUMS, GENISTAS, BOUVAKDIAS, ADIANTUM CUNE-
ATUM, and other Ferns, GARDENIAS. STEPHANOTIS,
GREVILLEAS, TEA ROSES (in pots), BORONIA MEGAS-
TIGMA, VINES (in pots), &c. An inspection is invited.
Trade CATALOGUES forwarded on application.
Burnt Ash Lane Nurseries, Lee, S.E.

PALMS. — Leading decorative sorts in many
sizes, great quantities, and in finest health.
FRANCIS R. KTNGHORN, Nurseryman, Richmond, Surrey;
and Flower Market, Covent Garden, W.C.

FOR SALE, 100 TEA ROSES, from 2 to 5 ft.,
best sorts, 2s. Qd. to 7s. 6rf. each, or offer for the lot.
Stamford Hill Nursery, N.

Camellias, Azaleas, Rhododendrons, Palms, Orchids,

&c. Plants grown specially for English use.

CVUYLSTEKE, Nurseryman,
• Loochristy, Ghent, Belgium.

Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and may be had,
free on application to
Messrs. R. SILBERRAD and SON, 25, Savage Gardens,
Crutched Friars, London, E.C.

P^ONY ARBOREA.— P^EONY SINENSIS.
Great Specialty.
The unique and very best collection in the world.
PJEONIA ARBOREA.
150 of the finest good old varieties.
36 Chinese varieties, introduced direct from China.
50 New and very rare sorts.
8 Japanese varieties, introduced direct from Japan.
3 Japanese vars., sent out for the first time this present season.
Disposable in plants, 1, 2, and 3 years, strong plants, 4 to 6 yrs.
Specimen plants for Show, from 6 to 15 years old.
P.EONIA SINENSIS.
250 varieties of the finest good old sorts.
27 new and rare varieties.
22 very new and very rare sorts.
36 varieties of officinalis and paradonales sorts.
Best time to send Pteoniea is September or October, but may

be planted until March.
Special collection for Amateurs. Special descriptive Catalogue

and prices, printed in English, and sent on demand.

L. PALLLET.Nurseryman.Chatenay, Seine, near Paris, France.

Established 1827.

Bulbs.

EH. KRELAGE and SON, The King's
• Nurserymen, Skedsmf.n, and Florists, HAARLEM
(Holland), have published their General CATALOGUES of
Dutch and other Bulbs, which will be sent post-free on prepaid
application to their address direct. These Catalogues are
No. 410, Dutch Flower Roots ; 43'), Duteh Flower Roots ('extract
and supplement) ; No. 405, Miscellaneous Bulbous and Tuberous-
rooted Plants; 435, Supplement to 405, price, alterations, and
novelties.

Wvrne arid <oe&.

OUR NURSERY STOCK is by far the best
we ever had, and the brilliant display of BEGONIAS far
exceeds any ever exhibited in this or other countries, must be
seen to be believed. ZONALS quite a glare. CHRYSANTHE-
MUMS highly interesting — Etoile de Lyon just on 12 inches
over, and is the beginning of u larger section. The whole
Nursery is full of Novelties and useful Plants not found in any
Loudon establishment.

CATALOGUE, with full particulars, post-free.

H. CANNELL & SONS, Swanley, Kent.

TOP SPIT FOR SALE. Twelve months in
■tack— in splendid condition.— Apply to JONES, 13,
Lavender Hill; or, J. ROLLINS, 3, Burr Road, Merton Road.
Wandsworth, S.W.

HORNE'S TREE

DRESSING.

Now Ready for Catching
the Winter Moths.

INVALUABLE.

Write for particulars and price
to

W. HORNE,
PERRY HILL, CLIFFE,

Near Rochester.

A. Male.

B. Female

bentley's

Insecticide.

Mr. J. H. Rose, Lockings Park, writes: — '* Bentley's Insecti-
cide is the most effective and cheapest I have ever used."

For full particulars apply to JOSEPH BENTLEY, Chemical
Works, Barrow-on-Humber, HULL.

London Agent : Mr. A. RoBiNSOS, 8, Leadenhall Street, E.G.

GARDEN
REQUISITES.

Two Prize Mkiulh.

Quality, THE BEST in the Market. (All sacks included.)

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process),

sacks, Is. <ld. each; 10 sacks, 12s. 6<i.; 15sacks,17s.6rf., 20sacks,

20s. ; 25 sacks, 24s. ; 30 sacks, 27s. ; 40 sacks, 35s. ; 50 sacks,

40s. ; Truck-load, loose, free on rail, 30s. Limited quantities

of G., special rjuality, granulated in sacks only, 2s. 6<i. each.

GENUINE ORCHID PEAT, 8s. 6rf. per sack ; 5 sacks, 40s. ;

BEST BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. per sack ; 5 for 22s. 6d.

BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 4s. 6</. per sack ; 5 for 20s.

COARSE SILVER SAND, Is. 6d. per bushel ; 14s. half ton ;

24s. per ton. Yellow Fibrous Loam, Compost, Leaf and Peat

Mould, Is. per bushel. Tobacco Cloth or Paper, Is. per lb.

Special Manures, Peat-Moss Litter, Crushed Bones, Virgin

Cork, &c, &c. Write for Price List.

Terms strictly Cash with order.

CHUBB, ROUND & CO., West Ferry Road, MlUwall,
London, E. Bankers — Union Bank of London.

GARDEN REQUISITES.

COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE.

id. per bushel ; 100 for 255. ; truck (loose, about 2 tons),
40s. : 4-bushel bags, id. each.

LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. id. per sack ; 5 sacks,
25s. ; sacks, id. each.

BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. per sack, 5 sacks, 22s. ; sacks,
id. each.

COARSE SILVER SAND. Is. 9d. per bushel ; 15s. per half
ton ; 26s. per ton, in 2-bushel bags, id. each.

YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD, Is. per bushel.

SPHAGNUM MOSS, 8s. id. per sack.

MANURES. GARDEN STICKS, VIRGIN CORK, TOBACCO
CLOTH, RUSSIA MATS, &c. Write for Price LIST.—
H. G. SMYTH, F.R.H.S., 21, Goldsmith's Street, Drury
Lane (kitely called 17a. Coal Yard), W.C.

THE

Normal Fertiliser

For GREENHOUSE or GARDEN.

7 lb. 14 lb. 28 lb. 56 lb. 1 cwt.
Price :— 2s_ gj ed 6s, 6rf- 9s. 14,.

And in id. and Is. packets.

To be had of Seedsmen and Florists, or the NORMAL

MANURE COMPANY. Ltd., 121, Bishopsgat* Street Within,

E.C, and Farnham Road, Guildford. Usual Trade Discounts.

Wholesaleof Messrs. HURST AND SON. 152,Houndsditch,London

BONES !— BONES ! !— BONES ! ! !

Crushed Bones in all sizes for Vine Borders. Lawns, Potting,
Grass Lands, &c. Also BONE MEAL for Poultry Feeding,
GARDEN GUANO, DISSOLVED BONES, Special MANURES
and FERTILIZERS for all purposes.

For Prices, apply to

HARRISON, BARBER & CO. (Limited),

GARRETT LANE. WANDSWORTH. SURREY. S.W.

!!! PEAT !!!

EPPS & CO. are now storing PEAT of all
kinds for the coming season, having large
quantities in first-class condition, selected as
required : also first-class LOAM, LEAF-
MOULP, SPHAGNUM, COCOA-NUT FIBRE,
CHARCOAL, &c, PEAT MOSS LITTER, at

THE OLD-ESTABLISHED DEPOT,

RINGWOOO, HANTS.

378

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[October 5, 1889.

KENT: THE GARDEN OF ENGLAND.

GEORGE BUNYARD & CO.,

POMOLOCISTS, &c, THE OLD NURSERIES,

MAIDSTONE.

Fruit Trees a Specialty. (Extensive General Nurseries.

TRUE TO NAME. FOR ALL HARDY SUBJECTS.

LIBERAL TERMS, FREE CARRIAGE, AND DISCOUNT FOR CASH.

G. B. cV Co. beg to CALL ATTENTION TO THE FOLLOWING, full particulars of which can be
found in their NEW DESCBIPTIVE CATALOGUES. NO STARVELINGS. FREE FROM BLIGHT.
INSPECTION EABNESTLY SOLICITED.

NOTICE.

G. B. Sf Go. beg to notify that their supply
of FRUIT TREES for this season's delivery,
they confidently bel'ere, is the best ei-er grown
at Maidstone or elsewhere, and re) pains hare
been spared to ensure their being true to name.
The evtens'vs collection (embracing 800 kinds in
450,000 examples) fortunately escaped the severe
frosts if last October: [Trees are in consequence
healthy and rigorous, free from Canker, Blight,
and Disease, and present that ivealth of foliage
with sturdy growth that characterises the
Maidstone Fruit Trees.

APPLES embrace Specimen

Espaliers, Orchard Standards, New Ama-
teur's Standards, and Own-root trees, Fruit-
ing, Double and Single Cordons on Para-
dise, Pyramids on Paradise.

PEARS — Standards, Horizontal

Trained, Pyramids and Cordons both on
Pear or Quince.

PLUMS — Extra fine Standards,

Half-Standards, Fruiting Pyramids, Wall
Trees and Cordons.

DAMSONS"- The wonderful

Kent sort, Farleigh Prolific and others,
Standards, Half-Standards, and cheap Rough
Trees for Hedge or shelter planting.

C H E R R I E S F<™ Trained,

Standard Trained, Kent Orchard Standards,
Pyramids and Cordons on Mahaleb.

PEACHES AND NEC-

TARINES.-Fine Eider Trained Trees,
2 to 6 feet stems, Orchard House Trees,
Clean Fan-trained Dwarfs, usual and extra
sizes ; also Apricots.

CRABS — -Dartmouth and best

ornamental kinds.

RASPBERRIES.

CURRANTS— Red and White.

BLACKBERRIES.
GOOSEBERRIES-

200 kinds, Lancashire and flavour.

MULBERRIES AND

MEDLARS.

KENT COB NUTS AND

FILBERTS.

QUINCES AND

RHUBARB.

STRAWS E R Rl ES

a Specialty.

WALNUTS

Pyramids.

•Large trees and

FIGS m P°t's> extra size, and

Standards.

VINES of all finest sorts.

ORCHARD HOUSE

TREES, established in pots, Apples,
Pears, Plums, Peaches, Nectarines and Figs,
in best flavoured kinds.

S P E C I ALT I E S.-

Scientifically trained Trees for Garden
Planting, Trees on the French system,
Cheap Trees for Succession. Large quanti-
ties for Market Growers, Fruiting Trees for
Villa Gardens, true to name.

THE NEW DESCRIP-
TIVE CATALOGUE now ready
with all the best NOVELTIES, a rode
meeum for all Gardeners and Amateurs.
Six stamps, post-free. Special Cultural
Articles for Villa Gardens.

General Nursery Stock covers about 100 acres, and all
the CONIFERJE, PARK TREES, RHODODEN-
DRONS, EVERGREENS, FOREST TREES. FLOWER-
ING SHRUBS are fully described in their Catalogues;
all the most useful and lovely kinds are grown and kept
in first-rate order for removal. Miles of Ornamental
Borders to select from.

GENTLEMEN LAYING-OUT NEW GARDENS, or

improving their Estates, will find the Stock well worth
their attention.

POSES make grand roots in the

Maidstone soil, and success rs certain on re-
moval ; all the best H.P., Tea, Moss, China,
Japan, and all kinds of Rose species are well-
grown. Pot Roses, Standards and Dwarfs,
see descriptive Catalogue.

T E S T I M O N I AIL S-

Many hundred letters of commendation have been re-
ceived from all parts and these well-known Nurseries
have been frequently described in the Horticultural
Press, and have earned a reputation which the present
proprietors spare no efforts to deserve and maintain,
while the grand examples of hardy fruits shown at the
Crystal Palace, R. H. S. Aquarium, Edinburgh, Man-
chester, Exeter, Birmingham, Chester, Heading, Win-
chester, Croydon, Ledbury, &c, have been the admira-
tion of all.

FOUNDED 1796.

Frequent Railway Trains by South-Eastem (Charing Cross and Cannon Street), or Chatham and Dover (Ludgaic Hill
and Victoria), to Banning (for Fruits), or on to Maidstone. For Routes, see Catalogue.

DIRECT ALL LETTERS AS ABOVE.

Telegrams :~GEORGE BUNYARD, MAIDSTONE.

October 5, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS" CHRONICLE.

379

Direct from the Growers.

ROOZEN'S

DUTCH, CAPE, and CALIFORNIAN

BULBS.

HYACINTHS,

TULIPS, CROCUS, NARCISSUS,

for Outdoor and Forcing.

IRIS, LILIES, PEONIES,
TERRESTRIAL ORCHIDS,

Gemeraceous Sf Aroidaceous Plants,

and a large stock of other Miscellaneous

BULBS ANB PLANTS.

For details of the above, see our CATALOGUE for 1889
(91 Pages ia English), which will be sent Post-free on
application to our Agents, Messrs. MERTENS and CO.,
3, Cross Lane, St. Mary-at-Hill, London, E.C., or our-
selves direct.

ANT.ROOZEN&SON,

NURSERYMEN,

OVERVEEN, bSSS&m, HOLLAND.

KELWAY & SON

Paris u Exposition Universelle" 1889.
PREMIER AWARDS

FOR

KELWAY'S PiEONIES,
KEIWAT'S DELPHINIUMS,
KELWAY'S PYRETHRUMS,
KELWAY'S GAILLARDIAS,
KELWAY'S HERBACEOUS PLANTS,
KELWAY'S IRIS.

NOW IS THE TIME TO PLANT.

CATALOGUES GRATIS.

LANGPORT, SOMERSET.
SPECIAL CULTURE OF

FRUIT TREES AND ROSES.

A Large and Select Stock is now offered for Sale.
The Illustrated and Descriptive Catalogue of

Fruits post-free.

The Descriptive Catalogue of Roses post-free.

THOMAS RIVERS & SON,

The Nurseries. Sawbridgeworth, Herts.

ORCHIDS

BRAZILIAN ORCHIDS

offered to the Trade in lnrgp or small quantities upon the most

advantageous terms.

Particulars and CATALOGUES on application to

A. H. GRIMSDITCH, 5, Clayton Square, Liverpool.

Sole Ag^nt for S*nhor Carlos Trarassos, Rio Ha Janeiro.

WEBBS'

COLLECTIONS

BULBS

CONSIST OF THE FINEST
SELECTED

HYACINTHS,

TULIPS, CROCUS,

LILIES, SNOW-

DROPS^ETC.

From Mr. G. H. GREEN,
Gardener to the Bight Hon.
the Countess of Stamford,
Enville Hall:—" I never saw
any (Hyacinths) do better or
produce finer trusses : they
were admired by all who saw
them."

Prices, 5s., 7s. 6d., 10s. 6d., IBs., 21s., 42s„ 63s.
and 105s. each ; Carriage Free.
FIVE PER CENT. DISCOUNT FOR CASH.

For f nil particulars of Contents of these Boxes, and
Lists of the Best Bulbs of the Season, see

WEBBS' BULB CATALOCUE,

Beautifully Illustrated : Gratis and Post-free.

Seedsmen by Royal Warrants to H.M. the Queen
and H.R.H. the Prince of Wales,

WORDSLEY, STOURBRIBCE.

DUTCH and other FLOWER ROOTS, at
Moderate Prices. HYACINTHS, Red, Blue. White, or
Yellow, 2s. per dozen. Orders, value 55., carriage paid. Price
LIST gratis and post-free.

B. L. COLEMAN, Seed Merchant, Sandwich, Kent.

B.S.WILLIAMS

GOLD MEDAL

HYACINTHS

FOR EXHIBITION,

As shown at the Royal Horticultural

and lini/al Botanical Society's Shows.

HYACINTHS, for Beds and Bordors.

TULIPS, for Pots and Beds.

DAFFODILS and NARCISSUS.

ANEMONES.

CROCUS and RANUNCULUS.

GLADIOLI, Early Flowering Varieties.

LILICTM CANDIDUM.

LILIUM HARRISII.

CHEAP BULBS, suitable for Planting in
Borders, Masses, Shrubberies, &c.

For Prices and other particulars, see

Illustrated Bulb Catalogue,

Post-free on application.

VICTORIA & PARADISE NURSERIES,

UPPER HOLLOWAY, LONDON, N.

Neiv Edition,

THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR

GARDEN OPERATIONS.

Pries 3d., Post-free Z\d.

W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand,
London, W.C.

Now ready. In cloth, lis. 6d.
rpHE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,

JL Vol. V., Third Series, JAN. to JUNE, 1889.

W. RICHAKDS. 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

THE

SATURDAY, OCTOBER 5, 1889.

HALT ON.

IF an inquiring traveller were in search of a
good specimen of a small English country
town in an agricultural district, we do not know
that he could do better than pay a visit to Tring.
Scarcely more than an hour's distance from
London, it is as rural as if it were an indefinite
distance "down in the shires." The contrast,
too, between the green— monotonously green—
clay-lands of Middlesex, through which the
traveller passes, suggestive of little but hay, and
the rich calcareous soil of the Chiltern Hundreds,
with their bold undulations, fertile valleys, and
rich diversity of woodland and arable, affords a
change as remarkable as anything of the kind
that can be seen within so short a distance from
the Metropolis. Through this scenery, and
through the little town we have mentionei, lies
the road to Halton, the palatial seat of Alfred
de Rothschild, Esq. Where the main entrance
to this fine domain may be, we do not profess
to know. Our conductor, for purposes of
his own, which will presently be made appa-
rent, led ns up through woods and planta-
tions, gradually ascending, till at last botanical
instincts could bear the confinement of the car-
riage no longer, for was not Gentiana germanica
in full bloom there, growing in company with
the humbler G. Amarella, and forming a plant
amply handsome enough for the rockery if it
could be induced to grow on one ? For our first
knowledge of this plant we were indebted to our
friend, the late Rev. H. Harpur-Crewe, who first
made the plant known as an English resident.
Since his time it has been found elsewhere, but
it is not common anywhere. Chlora and Ery-
threa. Eyebright, and Wild Thyme, and a score
of characteristic chalk plants, were there to
charm the present, and recall pleasant memories
of past rambles over Kentish hills and Sussex
downs. A bmwn eccentric plant was at first

380

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[October 5, 1889.

glance mistaken for an Orobanche, but turned
out to be the Bird's -nest (Monotropa). A
similarity of appearance is consequent on a
similarity of habit, and a Heath may mask
in the guise of a Scrophularia till the
touch of the dissecting-needle reveals the truth.
Both are idle rascals, stealing their food from
other plants, and [not only stealing it — Mistleto
does that— but not even taking the trouble to
prepare it, elaborate it, as the botanists would
say. No healthy green leaves adorn these plants,
but only brown scales, incapable of doing any
" elaboration," if it were needful. The theory
is, that these " Broomrapes " and " Birds'-nests "
were once respectable members of the Scrophu-
laria and the Heath families respectively, and
earned their own sustenance, as other straight-
forward plants do ; but somehow, somewhen,
they tasted the illicit joys of feeding upon ready-
made and ready-cooked provisions, and declined
to work any longer. Their leaves became then
no longer of any use to them, so they gradually
disappeared, till now the stigma and brand of
parasitism is too deeply ingrained on them to be
mistaken, and their brown scales indubitably
mark them as the cads and loafers of the vege-
table world, willing to feed at some one's else
expense, but not at all inclined to work for their
own living. For all that, the botanist has some
thing more than a " sneaking sympathy " for these
interesting members of society — for interesting
they most decidedly are. They furnish an
excellent illustration of '' degradation " — the an-
tithesis of evolution and progressive advance-
ment. Of course, some people might argue that
these plants were struggling to rise, indebted for
the nonce to the friendly help of other plants,
but by-and-by destined to gradually achieve
their emancipation, develop leaves in due course,
and become self-dependent. It may be so, but
the other guess fits the facts best, and is therefore
the more probable.

Before, howeTer, we had time to discuss these
weighty matters with our conductor, we had emerged
from the Beech woods, and found ourselves almost
suddenly on a lofty plateau, and now it became
apparent why we had been led slowly through those
woods. Those woods, delightful and interesting as
they were, certainly were not on the direct way to
the house, but they were designed, on this occasion
at least, to act as blinkers do to a horse ; in other
words, to prevent the eye from wandering in this
direction or in that till the right time should come,
and when the right time did come on that breezy
plateau, what a prospect was unfolded ! Right and
left, close at hand, rich Beech-clad lines of hills ;
opposite, but far away, other wood-clad ranges,
between a vast plain mottled with golden Corn and
intervening hedges, dotted with trees and church
towers, thin films of blue smoke from the cottages,
or trails of white steam from a distant train. In
the centre of the plateau is a chalet, simple
and unpretentious externally, but fitted up with a
sumptuous luxury within which one does not gener-
ally find even in the best appointed Swiss chalets. It
might be thought that the prospect alone was worth
the climb, and that nothing but a rest and be thankful
kind of shelter was needed in so glorious a situation.
But tastes differ, and weather is not always propitious,
even on the Chilterns. Under such circumstances,
the varied allurements of the chalet and its dipend-
ance, in the shape of a glass-covered corridor serving
as a bowling alley, are no doubt duly appreciated.
But on the occasion of our visit the breezy atmo-
sphere, the clear sky, the noble prospect, the curi-
osity to see more, were sufficient inducements to
break away even from such luxuries.

Going to the edge of the plateau and looking down,
one isreminded of an alpine pass — green slopes become
visible, dotted with Juniper and Furze, and fragrant
with wild Thyme, shrubs and Austrian Pines creep

gradually up the hill side, bold sweeps trend now in
this direction, then in that. In one bend i3 a second
chalet of smaller size, to add to the resemblance to
a Swiss mountain pasture, and low down near the
base of the hill is the mansion, with its tourclks
and its porch, its centre and its wings, in the style
of a French chateau. The domed winter garden
glistened in the sun, behind it bright patches of
colour revealed the flower garden, its bounding
shrubberies gradually melting into the middle
distance.

After staying a few moments to breathe the deli-
cious air, and take in the main features of the pros-
pect, we commenced the descent of the pastures of
the Simplon — we mean of the Chilterns — appre-
ciated the easy slopes, and admired the way in which
the roadways have been so engineered that while
ready passage is afforded for a horseman, or even
for a carriage, from the base to the summit, there
are no ugly scores and gashes in the turf, but
green rides, indistinguishable from below from the
rest of the hill-side. Great art must have been
exercised to produce such a result, for nought
but great skill could so effectually have concealed
the art.

Lower down we come to plantations and shrub-
beries where the very prodigality of planting has
been exercised by Messrs. Veitch to whom the con-
struction of the garden and plantations has been
entrusted. The shrubs and trees are planted thickly
partly for protection's sake, and at the express wish of
Mr. de Rochschild The subjects selected are those
which have been found to thrive on the chalk — Aus-
trian Pines, Abies Pinsapo, Pinuscembra, Yews in
variety, Lawson's Cypress, Retinosporas, Junipers,
Boxes, Berberis, Veronic a Traversi, Laurels, Garryas,
Escallonias, relieved by white Poplars and Negundo,
purple Nuts, and Golden Elder — and we know not
what beside. Near the entrance front of the man-
sion are shrub beds filled with golden Yews, with
Aucubas, with Hypericums, with Mahcnias, with the
golden Diplopappus. Here and there great beds have
been formed for the benefit of those plants which
evince a distaste to lime, but all so densely planted
that mother earth shall be fully draped, and not a
speck be left uncovered.

Passing round to the garden-front of the house,
we find ourselves on a terrace-walk, but here again
the skill of the landscape architect has been called
into play, for in spite of the changes of level, no steps
are to be seen. Indeed everything is so planned and
arranged that the proprietor can drive, not only from
end to end, but in every direction of his grounds,
and from the base of the hill to the plateau on the
summit. The lawn slopes gently away from the
house, its green carpet diversified by numerous beds
of large size. These are filled not only with the
usual occupants, amongst which tuberous Begonias
are well to the front, but others are devoted, as it
were, to experimental purposes, wherein varieties
such as Begonia castaneifolia alba, B. Carrierei, B.
Sedeni — now not easy to obtain — and many others
are put upon their trial, to be discarded, or to be
employed in greater profusion next year according
to circumstances.

In addition to beds of the ordinary character,
there are several others of a fanciful nature,
which give pleasure, and afford variety, but which
a landscape - gardener would hardly hold up as
models for imitation elsewhere, such are a cushion-
bed planted to represent a huge ottoman with cords
and tassels, two large vases covered with succulents
and other plants, just as a Dresden China vase may
sometimes be seen studded with shells. The pro-
fusion of the plants employed, their harmonious
colouring, and the order and neatness in which
they are kept, betoken no little skill in selection,
no little labour and attention in maintenance. The
plants employed to form the vase are Echeveria
Peacocki, a pretty grey rosette-like species ; Pachy-
phytum Hookeri, various Sedums, Herniaria glabra,
Mentha pulegium gibraltarica, Sempervivum
tabulpeforme, and as a termination at the top, a
plant of the variegated American Agave. The bed

in which the vase stands is prettily filled with a
vaiiety of carpet-bed plants.

Another bed is planted to represent a large basket,
(see fig. .r>5, p. 383), the idea seems to be that a
basket full of flowers has been placed on the lawn,
and that in the case of the lower part of the
basket, many of the plants have taken root and
thrust themselves between the interstices of the
wicker - work. These consist of Echeveria
metallica glauca, E. Scheerii, Sempervivum
tabulaiforme, Golden Pyrethrum, and, on the
sides, Alternantheras — all planted in upright lines,
with a view to a contrast of colour, and sufficiently
far apart not to hide the wicker-work of the basket
itself. The top of the basket is filled with a
mixed bouquet of white Marguerites, Cannas, and
Chrysanthemum carinatum.

The so-called German beds are mixed beds, full
of Cannas, red and yellow-flowered ; Abutilons, Eu-
calyptus, scarlet Begonia tuberosa, B. castamufolia
alba, Nicotianas, Chamaspence cassabona?, Perilla,
a pretty flowered Fuchsia named Try me-o ! the
whole carpeted with various dwarf bedding plants,
the object being to completely hide the soil.
(To be continued,)

New or Noteworthy Plants.

L/ELIO-CATTLEYAx AURORA, n. hyb.

This is the latest of Mr' Seden's successes, and
there can be no doubt that it is an exceedingly
beautiful hybrid, as its form and colour are exqui-
site, and the flower is of great substance. It was
obtained by crossing Ladia pumila Dayana with the
pollen of Cattleya Loddigesii, the seed having been
sown in 1882. A • two-flowered raceme has just
reached me from Middle Green Farm, Langley,
Slough, whither the Messrs. Veitch have removed
their seedling Orchids — out of the range of the
London fogs, let us hope. The plant is dwarf, as
the five pseudobulbs which it at present possesses
are said to range from 1 to 5 inches long. Thus it
takes the character of the mother plant. Some of
these pseudobulbs are one-leaved, also like the
mother, while others have two, like the pollen-
parent. The raceme is two-flowered, and this cha-
racter again comes from the Cattleya, for Lxlia
pumila produces solitary flowers. But in shape and
general character of the flower, including the recurved
tips of the segments, the influence of the mother
plant altogether preponderates, the modified colour
and yellow of the disc being the most obvious of the
characters derived from the other parent. The seg-
ments are of a beautiful light purple-rose ; the side-
lobes of the lip much infolded, and passing almost
imperceptibly into the front one ; the throat sulphur-
white, with the front of the disc light yellow, and
behind this a few rosy nerves extend to base. The
front lobe and the apex of the side lobes are deep
purple-rose, a little paler in the centre, where also the
nerves are more conspicuous. The colours are
tolerably intermediate between those of the two
parents, and remind me of those found in Cattleya
Lawrenceana. The pollinia, as • in all hybrids
between Cattleya and Lielia, are very unequal. It
is a splendid acquisition. R. A. Solfe.

Lissochilus SPECIOSCS.

A showy, warm greenhouse species, native of
South Africa, and, in common with others of the
genus, terrestrial, succeeding well in a compost of
light fibrous loam, leaf-mould, and sand, with a good
drainage, and plenty of water during growth, giving
less as growth matures, until, when completely at
rest, water may with advantage be entirely withheld
for a short time, but the plants should always be placed
where they can get a maximum of light and air. We
have grown the species under notice most satis-
factorily at the coolest and airiest end of an inter-
mediate-house without much shading. This species
has a tolerably large fleshy pseudobulb or root-
stock, from which a tuft of about half-a-dozen bright
green, arching, narrow, plicate leaves arise. The

October 5, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

381

flower-scapes, which are produced from the base at
the sides of the pseudobulbs, are from 2 to 3 feet
long, growing erect, and of course flowering centri-
petally, usually developing from thirty to forty
flowers. The flowers are somewhat anomalous for
an Orchid, inasmuch as instead of the large petaloid
sepals common to Orchids, here they are small and
green ; the petals, however, are comparatively large —
about an inch long and three-quarters of an inch broad
— of a soft but clear yellow colour, bluntly pointed,
and ovate-cordate in outline, the venation being very
prominent, almost ribbed ; the lip is about the same
size and colour, only it is slightly marked with
minute reddish-brown spots, particularly about the
base of the shallow saccate spur, which is somewhat
saddle-shaped, and deeply ribbed on the face, notwith-
standing that the generic name means smooth lip.
The small, nearly round column stands up promi-
nently in the centre of the flower. The flowers are
borne on pedicels rather over an inch long. The
subject of this note was in flower in July, and has
still over a dozen flowers. F. E.

MARKET GARDEN NOTES.

Although the market growers around the great
metropolis have had not at all a bad time, yet
they have been far from finding salvation. The
later portion of the season has not equalled the
promise of the summer, and lamentations now are
heard over the very poor prices prevalent. We
seem to be living amidst a regular glut of vege-
tables, or else ordinary consumers, of whom there
are several millions in London and its vicinity, have
become vegetable surfeited. To assume that the
Dockers' strike affected prices appreciably would
be too absurd, because, whilst the produce of the
open ground rules so low, fruit has been selling well,
prices having been satisfactory ; that result is due
to the fact, however, that the crop is of moderate
bulk, and is fast being utilised. We have of late
been having some severely trying weather for Apples
and Pears, almost the only hardy fruits found in the
orchards and gardens. Glorious as the unusual
warmth and drought have been to lovers of pleasure,
they have told with considerable effect upon the tree
fruits, and with early defoliation there has been also
material falling of the fruits, a considerable percent-
age apparently being pierced by insects, or attacked
by maggots. Not only is there a large percentage of
rot-windfalls, and of heatfalls, but fruits which
seemed sound enough when gathered, have been
found two or three days later half decayed.

It is flot a matter for wonder if those favoured
with Apples and Pears should be found gathering
and running them into market as rapidly as possible,
so as to secure some return whilst the fruits are
apparently sound. Pears not being of any consider-
able consequence for winter sale, a dearth of the fruits
may be looked for, unless favoured with ample supplies
from America. Those who so enthusiastically urge
the wider cultivation of hardy fruits in this country
should remember that were our growers but favoured
with ordinary good crops, proportioned to the breadths
of trees under cultivation, there would be no lack of
quantity for the million, and prices would bring the
produce within the reach of all. It is not so much
wider fruit areas as favourable seasons which we
need. Anyhow, the present autumn has favoured
beyond almost all precedent the development of stout
well matured fruit-buds and spurs, and so far the
foundation is being laid for what may prove next
year to be the finest fruit crop of the decade.

In reference to vegetables, the recent heat, to
some extent, checked the rapid and almost unwonted
growth found in all forms of the Brassica family, and
made aphis plentiful. The Brussels Sprouts breadths
are this season wonderful for evenness and robust-
ness. A huge breadth of some 20 acres near here
is so good that a defective plant cannot be seen over
the entire field. Autumn Giant Cauliflowers are
early, plentiful, and fine. Coleworts are early, also,
and will be none the worse later for the recent check.
Cabbages of all kinds are very abundant and strong.

A night's rain, with cooler temperature, will soon
make all this vast area of green stuffs look as vigor-
ous as ever, and then we shall find such a glut in
the market, that the returns will not repay cost of
culture and marketing. A big crop of anything
always seems to be a misfortune for the growers,
although the public should reap the benefit.
Potatos, in spite of some disease, are so good and
plentiful, that myriads of tons have sold at £3, or
Is. Qd. per bushel. Just now that is thought to be
a very good price, but with land and labour at their
present rate, it is impossible, with ever so good a
crop, that any profit can result. There is no
prospect whatever that Potatos will be dearer this
side of Christmas, and probably not then. Runner
Beans, a very popular vegetable, nevertheless, seem
to be so plentiful, that they can hardly be sold at any
price. The heat has somewhat discoloured the pods,
and affected prices, so that the returns are absurdly
out of all comparison with the cost of growth,
gathering, and marketing.

Vegetable Marrows are popular vegetables also,
and sent to market in enormous quantities. These
have now become a drug ; indeed, very fine fruits —
and they have been unusually fine this year — now
returning id., Gd., and Si. per dozen, the latter
esteemed a good price. Marrows pay very well early
in the summer, but towards the autumn the public
taste seems to be satiated with vegetables ; or
novelties are looked for in other directions. When
Cauliflowers are plentiful and very cheap, Marrows
have a poor chance of profitable sale.

Spinach and white Turnips, favourite succession
winter crops, look very well, but need rain, as also is
a heavy downpour needed to cleanse all the Brassica
family from aphis. That all kinds of hardy vege-
tables will be very plentiful, and consequently cheap,
this coming winter, seems to be certain. The
vocation of market vegetable growing is a heavy
and laborious one, gives employment to myriads of
workers, yet, on the whole, yields very indifferent
returns to the grower. A. D.

THE ORIGIN OF CULTIVATED

PLANTS.

Most of the late travellers in the Khanates of
Central Asia agree (contrary to the general notion)
in saying that the fruit of the silk Mulberry plays
an important part in the diet of the natives, either
fresh or dried. For my own part, I found it some-
times in Asia Minor a delicious fruit, smaller (it is
true) than that of the black Mulberry, but quite as
juicy and much sweeter ; but as there they are grown
for the leaves, the plants are not selected on account
of the fruits, and there is as much difference in the
fruit of two neighbouring trees as between a crab
Apple and a Newtown Pippin. But is Morus alba
properly named ? For more than half a century I
have had a black and rose fruited variety of it, and
in the Island of Yesso (Japan) I found wild a black
fruited Mulberry which looked very much like the
wild ancestor of it. My doubts are confirmed by
the fact that it came over to Europe as a plant
already cultivated for centuries, and I could quote
several instances of (in my opinion) similar mistakes.

Anemone japonica. — I never saw this wild, but we
know that R. Fortune brought it from Chinese
gardens, and it was not long before it returned to
what I consider the typical Anemone japonica
elegans. My reasons for supposing this are, that the
older variety is much weaker, the flowers have a ten-
dency to duplication, and their petals are very irre-
gular in shape, number and size, while A. j. elegans
and Honorine Joubert are much larger plants,
stronger growers, with regular flowers, and perfectly
similar in both varieties.

Spiral palinata has just the same history. The
pink variety is a garden form, which returned to a
larger, coarser, paler type as soon as we tried to pro-
pagate it by seedlings, and here I can add that I
saw millions of the white Meadowsweet in Japan,
but never met the pink one except in gardens.

Chanomeles (Pi/rus) japonica was also brought
over from gardens in China. I have made extensive
and sometimes well-rewarded sowings of it. Not
two of its offspring are alike, either in colour of the
flowers, shape and size of the leaves, habit, prickli-
ness, &c. A larger proportion of them incline to P.
Maulei (Masters), which I take to be the type, as I
found it undoubtedly wild in Japan, but the P. japonica
never.

The Single Camellia, we take for the type, has also
been deeply modified by culture, so that in our own
seedlings it never reverts at once to the original wild
Camellia, with flowers scarcely more expanded than
those of Lapageria rosea. ./. van V., Brussels.

Orchid Notes and Gleanings.

— « —

DENDROBIUM LINEALE, Rolfe,n.sp.
Once more I have had to hunt up the New Guinea
Dendrobiums, and again without success, as the
present one is different from anything I can find
described. It has just flowered with Messrs. James
Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, and was imported from
Eastern New Guinea, probably from the neighbour-
hood of the Owen Stanley range of mountains. It
belongs to the Stachyobium group, and bears a con-
siderable resemblance to D. canaliculatum in many
of its characters, though a larger plant altogether.
and otherwise different. It is a very pretty, if not a
grand species. The name lineale (consisting of
lines), is given in allusion to the numerous lines on
the lip. The pseudobulbs are about 2 feet high,
swollen to an inch thick near the base, but elsewhere
much more slender, especially above the middle,
where are situated from five to eight racemes,
though whether these are developed simultane-
ously I cannot say, for the basal portions alone
remain to show what has been before the plants
were imported. One fine raceme, however, has
developed at home over a foot long, and bear-
ing twenty-two flowers, the segments pure white,
and the lip beautifully marked with purple,
on a light ground. Bracts lanceolate-linear, one-
third of a inch long. Sepals linear-oblong, obtuse,
6 — 7 lines long. Petals narrowly subspathulate-
linear, obtuse, three-quarters of an inch long. Lip
three-lobed ; front lobe elliptical-oblong, obtuse,
undulate ; side-lobes broadly rounded, obtuse ; colour
palest green, the front lobe and margins of the side-
lobes purple, the fleshy disc with longitudinal purple
lines, and the side-lobes with numerous radiating
ones of the same colour. There are three raised
calli on the disc, which terminate abruptly about
the centre of the front lobe in three short, elevated
plates, the central one being the largest. The chin
is three-eights of an inch long, narrowed towards
apex. The column is short, obtuse, and with acute
angles, light purple on the face, and the anther-case
yellow. A young growth bore a few leaves, far too
young to describe satisfactorily, but ranging from
elliptical to oblong and obtuse, if. A. Rolfe.

Cattleva Dowiana.

We sometimes hear of varieties of C. labiata spoken
of as the " true autumn flowering variety.'1 However
far this statement may hold good when strictly
applied to the type forms, and on that account give
them increased value in the opinion of orchidists, I
think there can be no doubt that C. Dowiana is one
of the most beautiful and the truest autumn flowerer
in the great labiata section, and now that its culti-
vation is well understood generally, it should be as
common as C. Mossix. Of course C. Dowiana re-
quires more heat than C. Mossuc does, but as it
seems to be always more or less on the move, pro-
tracted periods of rest (drier treatment) are not
beneficial, if they are not actually injurious. Of
this I have been more fully convinced during the
past year in the behaviour of a small specimen in a
basket. Last autumn this plant had one flowering
head which in due time bore three flowers,
at which time two fresh growths were made,

382

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[October 5, 1889.

which subsequently produced two more, and three
out of the four growths are now flowering— the last
two having four flowers each — the one which had
flowered of the first two growths produced, having only-
three flowers. All the flowers are of good size, and
fully developed, as also the pseudobulbs, which have
plump, prominent eyes, and are all again showing
signs of starting, thus indicating that the vigour of
the plant is not impaired by its continuous growth ;
indeed, we have noticed that plants subjected to a
severe course of resting, start weakly, and the young
growth is liable to damp off, and possibly in such
cases the plan recommended by some growers, of
slitting open the outer sheath, might be useful, but
I think such an artificial process should not be
employed by any good cultivator, excepting in cases
of emergency, as the necessity for it is a sign of some-
thing amiss in the culture of the plant. I may mention
that the plant under notice has been grown in a basket
suspended close to the glass, in a low-roofed, moist,
and rather warm, intermediate-house. Gorgeous as
Cattleyas are, there is a richness about the colouring
of Dowiana which is not met with in others ; the
fawn or nankeen- coloured sepals and petals contrast
finely with the rich velvety purple lip which is itself
beautifully streaked with golden lines, and shaded
with violet-rose ; the petals are also slightly marked
with purple. The petals are twice as large as the
sepals and are, as well as the labellum, finely crisped
at the margin. The plant is a native of Costa Rica,
and although discovered in 1864, it was not till a
year or two later that it was successfully introduced
by Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea. Since its
introduction, several varieties have appeared, but
that known as C. D. aurea, is probably the best, and
an advance on the type. F. E.

Cattleva Loddiuesii.

This grand old Brazilian Orchid is in bloom at
present at Trevince, one of the pseudobulbs 15 inches
long, bearing a spike of nine superb flowers, and two
others are carrying five and six respectively.

I allude to the above fact because Mr. B. S.
Williams states in his Orchid Growers Manual, that
three to four flowers on a spike are the usual
number ; my plant is not a large one, and occupies
a 10-inch pot, still it will be quite obvious from the
strength of the pseudo bulb that the plant is in
vigorous health, and if treated well, it will eventually
make a fine specimen. S. Grose, Treuincc, Cornwall.

Odontoglossum crispom.

It is often remarked that beginners in Orchid
culture get more than their share of grand varieties
among their purchases of imported plants, and well
it is that it should be so, for out of their ranks must
the large collections be recruited, the small estab-
lishment soon growing to a large one when the
plants are well cultivated and fine new forms appear.
Among the well-grown plants which F. G. Arbuth-
not, Esq., has lately got together at Bridgend Place,
Bexlev, one of these prizes is now in bloom, a noble,
broad-petalled form of Odontoglossum crispum with
snow-white sepals and petals, the two lower sepals,
each having a reddish-brown spot, and the large
labellum decorated with irregular oblong blotches,
just within and following the margin, a large crim-
son blotch being in the centre, and bright yellow at
the base of the lip ; there are also some red lines
about the column. Altogether it is a very distinct
and beautiful variety.

CvPRIPEDIUM ASHBORTONI^E X.

This hybrid is evidently a plant of considerable
variability. During the time that I have been
collecting material for a monograph of the genus
Cypripedium, and making drawings of the various
forms, I have had several specimens of C. Ashburtonia;
through my hands, and I find a very great amount
of variation in the floral details, whilst the general
appearance of all the forms is very similar, so that
the differences do not attract the attention very
readily. The upper sepal is sometimes flattish, but
usually with recurved margins in the upper part, and

the nerves vary from nineteen to twenty-five in
number ; they are sometimes spotted only to about
half-way up, sometimes for three-fourths of their
length. The petals are sometimes spotted both
above and below the midline, sometimes only below
the midline, and sometimes there are no spots at all !
The lip sometimes has the auricles rather widely
spreading, and sometimes but very little wider than
the rest of the lip. Finally, the notch in front of
the staminode varies very much in depth.

A few days since Mr. A. Gorton, of Maida Vale,
brought to Kew a specimen of C. Ashburtoniic from
an unusually vigorous plant ; the leaves measured
from 12 to 14 inches in length, but' did not differ in
coloration from the ordinary state of the plant. The
peduncle was two-flowered, both flowers being open
at the same time ; they were quite typical, except
that the upper sepal and the petals were a little
more freely spotted than is usually the case. If the
vigour of the plant is due to culture only, these
features will probably change, but if it is an individual
characteristic, it will be a plant worth possessing.
N. E. Brown, Kew.

Orchids in Flower at Mr. Bull's.

Among Orchids in flower at Mr. Bull's are Cypri-
pedium Spicerianum, Catasetum callosum, a dull-
coloured species, but one of much interest ; Vanda
ccerulea, in several shades of colour ; Catasetum
Bungerothi, Peristeria elata, Odontoglossum splen-
dens, grande, Krameri, Oncidium bicallosum, 0.
tigrinum, Habenaria militaris, with its scarlet lip,
Angroecum Chailluanum and Scottianum, Aerides
Lawrencianum, and many others, showing even at
this comparatively dull season that the Orchid-
grower has much to charm him. The famous
Ltelias in this establishment are thriving vigorously,
strict cleanliness and watchfulness, combined with
a relatively low temperature, forming the principal
features in their cultivation.

CABBAGE TRIALS AT MESSRS.
J. VEITCH AND SONS'.

The collection grown on trial at the Turnham
Green nursery of the above firm consists of sixty-
nine varieties ; and as the season has been favour-
able for development, and the varieties were planted
together as nearly as possible, according to their
earliness, it has been a work of interest to note the
progress made from time to time.

One fact which came out in a striking manner at
the trial was the great stride which has been made
in early Cabbages by the introduction of some French
varieties which are earlier than our own Little
Pixie— larger in size, and of excellent quality.
Early Etampes is a very good selection, but Veitch's
Extra Early was certainly finer, being a little earlier,
with large, solid, rather broadly conical-shaptd
hearts ; this variety formed a compact level lot of
plants. Early York rapidly succeeds the above, and
is too well known to need comment. Large York is
considerably later, and, having a tall stalk, it has
not a nice appearance, and is not such a fine sort
as the Enfield type. Little Pixie is an excellent
little Cabbage, very early, with solid, compact, little
roundish hearts; a capital variety for small gardens,
and for winter planting as Collards. Atkins' Match-
less is distinct, but it is much in the way of Non-
pareil, and not earlier.

Ellam's Dwarf Early, spring sown, does not show
its true character, or come in early, but is rather
rough, and is a little too leafy ; whereas sown in
autumn it comes into cutting very early, and has
very few loose outside leaves. Nonpareil is still one
of the best sorts, several stocks were growing here,
such as Heartwell, Cocoa Nut, and Dwarf Barnes ;
but a good selection is all that can be desired for
a garden variety. It is early, with conical-shaped
solid hearts of excellent quality. Wheeler's Im-
perial is of the Nonpareil stock, only somewhat
larger, and a trifle later. Hill's Incomparable is a
very fair main crop variety.

Of the Enfield market type, we now have a large
number of selections or varieties, that vary but a
little from it, such as Battersea, Reading Defiance,
Offenham, Early Market, Stuart & Mein's No. 1,
&c, showing once more how a good stock of

Enfield is still the best large main crop variety for
garden or market use.

Denning's Early is a distinct low growing sort,
but of no use when sown in the spring. Winnigstadt
is an excellent variety to stand heat, and comes
into use after Enfield Market. St. John's Day is a
nice little Drumhead, and does not get large and
coarse like the ordinary Drumhead, and is. also
tolerably early. Roseth Colewort is a very fine
selection here, and was sown again in June, and
will shortly come into use. Sugar-loaf, of very dis-
tinct upright appearance, has almost gone out of
cultivation. Drumheads, of which there are about
six different stocks here, remind one more of Cattle
Cabbages than of anything else ; but one of them — a
dwarf form — is the best for garden use in cold
districts. A".

Nursery Notes

MESSRS. JOHN WATERER & SON.

Alighting- at Bagshot station, the visitor at once
recognises that he is in a land of Conifers. He has
had indeed more than a slight indication of this fact
as the train has rushed through plantations of Scots
Firs, with which the heaths are now plentifully
covered ; but these are only the rank and file. On
Bagshot platform the officers are arranged in parade
dress — some all gorgeous in golden yellow, some
gleaming with silver, others in rich hues of green ;
in fact, Retinosporas of various kinds, Junipers, and
Lawson's Cypresses of the most attractive kinds.
" Waterer's nursery ? " '"Turn to the left after you
get out of the station-yard, and go straight through
the village — you cannot miss it — ten minutes' walk,"
and it is quite true, that no one save a blind man
could miss it. The village itself, one of those quiet
pictural, placid places, whose existence the Cockney,
immured in his office, is apt to forget the existence of.
It has even fountains and lamps in its streets, and a
fine new " Institute ; " and it is, in appearance at least,
altogether a charming place. But this is not the object
of our visit. We have come to-day to see the Rhodo-
dendrons at home — to see the preparations for next
year. At the end of August one cannot expect to see
them in bloom; but it is almost, if not quite, as interest-
ing to the plant-lover to see them in the various phases
of their family life as to witness them when in full dress.
Well, here they are in their tens and scores of
thousands; seedlings in the seed-beds beyond com-
putation ; newly-grafted plants under glass in num-
bers that cannot be mentioned without fear of exag-
geration (grafted low down, so that the graft is covered
when planted) ; others, whose early troubles are over,
turned out to shift for themselves in the quarters, and
to all appearance, shifting for themselves in the most
satisfactory manner; others, again, a few months
older, covered with bloom-buds ; then there are
grown-up plants, big fellows, some as standards,
others used as stools for layers ; others enjoying pro-
tection and honour as the parent of kinds of renown.
Some of us find it no easy task to discriminate
between certain varieties, even when in bloom ; but
the practised eye of the foreman picks them out
from the drifts and quarters wherein the sorts are
mixed with as great facility as if. they were his own
children, as in a sense they are. How one envies
this marvellous power of instantly seizing upon
differences, and still more marvellous memory ; but
just as the shepherd has the members of his flock
constantly under observation, so the nurseryman has
his proteges under daily supervision. The difficulty,
it would seem, must be enhanced by the constant
influx of new faces. It may be interesting, by the
way, to mention how the novelties are obtained.
The plants it is desired to cross are lifted, placed
under cover, and forced, so that they come into
bloom in March, and can be artificially crossed
before any insects are about to spoil the proceed-
ings. Unfortunately, no record is kept of the sorts
used, and the crossing is done somewhat at hap-
hazard ; nevertheless, the workmen can tell by the
inspection of the offspring, almost by instinct, what
kinds have been employed in its production. If such
results have been obtained by hap-hazard measures,

October 5, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

383

what may not be expected if the proceedings were
more scientifically undertaken. For us, as visitors,
there is not much more to be said about the Rho-
dodendrons at this season. We have already said
that their numbers are prodigious, and their con-
dition excellent ; we may say the same of the
Ghent Azaleas — the same of those of the mollis
strain. Let us pass on, and note a few
other things which struck us — one was the
large quantity of Skimmia Fortunei grown for
the sake of its cheerful berries — we hope we
may be excused for calling it Skimmia Fortunei, for

a multiplicity of names are, in a measure, overcome.
Let us pass from these dry questions of nomencla-
ture to one of physiology, and a very interesting one
it is. Some few years ago, it will be remembered,
a salt spray passed over a considerable tract of
country in the south and south-east of England, in-
flicting much damage on the trees subjected to its
influence. It even extended as far inland as Bagshot,
and among the trees there affected was a Japanese
Maple (Acer palmatum) ; one side of this tree was
exposed to the blast, the other not. Since that time
flowers and seed-vessels have been freely produced

to make them among the most popular plants of the
future. Osmanthus ilicifolius and its variegated
forms are also grown here in immense quantities, the
plants being reproduced from cuttings. This, to-
gether with the Skimmias, and the comparatively
new Phyllirea decora (Vilmoriniana) form, as we can
testify from experience, three of the very best shrubs
for growing in smoky localities.

It was not astonishing to find Hollies of all sorts
and sizes here, for the nursery is famous for them,
but it was rather a surprise to come across, in one
corner of the ground, a fine " drift " of the old,

■ZWsmiwsc- 3s^

Fig. 5b. — the baskit bed at halton, (sib p. 330.)

it is decidedly not japonica, as was proven in Jthese
columns some time since. But it is one thing for
students to endeavour to rectify nomenclature, quite
another thing for nurserymen to adopt the revised
version. Nor, indeed, is this to be wondered at, the
confusion and embarrassment created by changes of
name are more serious in commercial than they are
in scientific matters. Among botanists, if Jones
gives one name, Brown another, and Robinson a
third, to what eventually turns out the same plant,
the inconvenience, no doubt, is great ; but, with a
little trouble it is always possible, owing to the system
of registration universally employed among botanists,
to ascertain precisely what either, or all three of the
students just mentioned meant, and so the evils of

on the side that was injured, while few or none
have been produced on the other side. The
difference between two sides is still very obvious.
The branches are shorter, the leaves at the time of
our visit in August had already assumed a rich
autumnal tint, while they were still green on the
other side— and, surely enough there were plenty of
keys or samate on the one side, few or none on the
other.

The seedlings from this plant are largely used as
stocks whereon to graft or bud the Japanese Maples.
Of these the number grown in this establishment is
very large, the elegance and variety of their form,
the delicacy of their colouring, and their perfect
hardihood being likely, in Messrs. Waterer's opinion,

double white Camellia. The plants are growing as
freely as Laurel-Cherries, than which they prove
much more hardy. Some 500 were lately despatched
to France from this nursery, which seems rather an
inversion of the ordinary course of things.

Another plant largely grown in this nursery, and
deservedly so, for it is one of the handsomest of its
kind, is the Andromeda japonica, which we saw in
all stages— countless hosts in the seed frames, any
quantity in the quarters just coming into bloom.
Viburnum plicatum, too, finds favour among decidu-
ous shrubs, and no wonder, for there are few more
effective plants. Hydrangea paniculata grandiflora
is also quite at home. We had never seen it treated
as a standard before, but, as may readily be

384

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Octobeb 5, 1889.

imagined, it forms a very effective one. While the
Hydrangea is lifted up, Cotoneaster Simonsi is kept
low. Used as an edging in lieu of Box-edging it
answers admirably, either cuttings or seedlings
planted thickly may be used, and very little attention
is necessary.

The collection of Coniferous plants is very large,
Golden Ketinosporas, Cypresses, Thuias, Junipers,
and Yews, being especially abundant. The broad
belts of glowing colour atl'orded by the Golden Lawson
Cypress, the Golden Retinosporas and others, reminded
one of a field of Buttercups, " the field of the cloth of
gold," with the great advantage of permanence
throughout the year. In the sun and air of Bagshot
there is nothing sickly or unwholesome looking about
the Golden Conifers. Nearer towns their colour is
not so rich, it is true, but that is the case with Roses
and flowers of all kinds as well. The Retinosporas
are propagated by cuttings, and the big bushes are
trimmed in almost too formally, but it is stated that
the colour is more persistent when this pinching in
is freely resorted to.

Something will have to be done, and the sooner
the better, for the nomenclature of Retinosporas.
What label will be big enough to contain, or what
memory retentive enough to remember such names
as Retinospora pisifera nana aureo-variegata ? It
would be too much, perhaps, to eipect that the
name Retinospora should be abolished ; but, as a
matter of actual fact, there is no such genus, what
are so-called being merely particular stages in the
growth of some species of Thuia ChamiECyparis and
Juniper. So much for the generic name ; as to the
specific, is it not now well known that squarrosa
and plumosa are both only stages in the growth of
Thuia pisifera, and that others are similar stages
in the history of R. obtusa or of Thuia occidentals
and of the Eastern Arbor Vitae. And of these
there are subsidiary variations according to stature,
habit, and variegation. But why attempt to express
all this variation in one name ? Better far adopt
some arbitrary vernacular appellation easily written
and readily remembered, and leave the botanists
to settle the question what the forms really are,
and what position they hold in the social scale of
vegetable life.

To revert to our subject, we may mention that
in this nursery many of the varieties of Retinospora
are grown as standards, and very striking they
look when so grown. The quaint formal Retino-
spora leptoclada is propagated both by seed and
from cuttings, and it is noticed that those plants
grown from seed do not produce cones so freely as
those grown from cuttings. The plant in question
is remarkable for the freedom with which it pro-
duces its little rugged cones, and is probablv a
growth-sport from Chamiecyparis sphaeroidea. The
perplexing variations that occur in this group of
plants are, as every one knows, well illustrated in
the case of Cupressus Lawsoniana, or of the Douglas
Fir ; but almost equally striking variation occurs
in the Abies, known generally as lasiocarpa, Lowiana,
or Parsonsi. It is by no means always easy to dis-
tinguish this from Abies concolor or from A. grandis.
Thi% tree is commonly called A. lasiocarpa in the
nurseries, but it has no right to that appellation.
That should be reserved for the Fir known as A.
subalpina or bifolia, a species which is the true
lasiocarpa of Hooker, and remarkable for the ashy-
grey tint both of its bark and of its foliage. This
species also varies greatly in habit, and length, and
colour of foliage, as was pointed out to us at Bagshot,
where we picked specimens raised from the same
parcel of seed varying very markedly one from
another. When examined at home under the micro-
scope, the structure of the leaf was found to be the
same in all ; moreover, the little fragments as they
lie before us as we write, do not by any means look
so different as they did on the plants in the nursery.
The difference is, therefore, principally in habit — a
most fallacious thing as regards the discrimination
of species. Abies firma is a very fine species, re-
sembling A. Nordmanniana or Webbiana, but the
foliage is even bolder ; the form called bifida is only
a growth-variation of the same species. A. brachy-

phylla, another of the Japanese Firs, and one of the
handsomest and hardiest, is here grown as A.
Veitchii, it having been sent out erroneously under
that name.

Most of the stock is of course of moveable size,
but there are some noble specimens that will delight
the visitor interested in these plants. There are
numerous specimens of lasiocarpa (wrongly so-called
in gardens), and very handsome they are. There is
an Abies nobilis, the largest we ever saw, and which
must be over 70 feet in height. It must be one of
the first plants in the country, and was grafted high
up on the silver fir to make the most of it when
young. It now forms a tall, slender, loosely-branched
pyramid. Another grand specimen is a variety of
the Corsican Pine — a noble pyramid with a clear
bole some 9 feet round at 4 feet from the ground — a
noble specimen.

But if we filled the Gardeners' Chronicle we could not
hope to give an exhaustive report of what may be seen
in the way of hardy trees and shrubs in this nursery,
and especially of those which are most generally
popular. The soil is a light sandy loam in which
the shrubs seem to flourish, and from which they are
readily removable. Here and there the soil is almost
pure sand and pebbles. One interesting point we
cannot forbear to mention, is that the presence
of Ulex nanus is found by experience to be indica-
tive of good soil. There is nothing in the aspect of
the soil itself to show this, but we were assured that
the plant in question was so good an index of the
goodness of the soil, that it was turned to practical
account by taking the soil from the places where it
grows, when something extra good in the soil-way is
needed. Nor can we quite omit all mention of the
magnificent prospect over hill and dale, moor and
Pine wood to be obtained from various parts of the
nursery. It is almost superfluous to say that the
cultivation is excellent, and the keeping of the
nursery, considering its extent, 300 acres in all,
highly remarkable.

Apples at Messrs. Backhouse's.

The Apple crop having been almost a failure in
the locality of York, it occurred to me that it would
be worth while calling to see what kinds were crop-
ping best in the fruit tree quarters of these nurseries.
It will be noted that some of those named are not
usually classed in fruit tree catalogues ; they have
been selected by the firm from various sources, mostly
in the North of England, and are the names under
which they were grown when selected. The trees on
which the best fruits were growing are worked on
the Paradise stock. Personally, I was for some
time prejudiced against trees on this stock, save in
a few instances; but I now think that in the
majority of places it is the best stock.

The following were the kinds bearing good crops
of fine fruit on the Paradise : — Northern Dumpling,
Kentish Fillbasket, Cellini, Winter Queening, Potts'
seedling, Rymer, Ringer, Rose Hill, Nancy Jackson
(a fine local kitchen Apple), Warner's Pippin, Lane's
Prince Albert, Long Apple (an American kind),
Worcester Pearmain, Tower of Glamis, Beauty of
Hants, Small's Admirable, Betty Geeson, and, "last
but not least," Ribston Pippin, of which there were
rows of trees loaded with fine fruits. The soil of
this part of the nursery is a sound, sandy loam, all
the trees were in very healthy growth, and were
studded with incipient bloom buds, which promised
well for an abundant blossom (and let us hope
fruits) in another season. There were large quarters
of young pyramidal and bush-shaped trees worked
on the crab stock, some of which were well fruited
also, but not so freely as the above-named. H. J. C,
Tadcaster.

Colonial Notes.

The Tonquin Mulberry.— M. Godefroy, in

a recent number of the Garden, makes mention of a
new Mulberry important to silk producers. The
plant does not exceed 4 to 5 feet in height, and the
stems die down every autumn. Four crops of leaves
can be obtained from the tree in one season. The
plant is evidently of importance to the silk in-
dustry, and it is of importance that it should be
botanically determined, as it seems hardly likely it
can be a true Morus.

ADELAIDE.

Dr. Schomburgh reports that in the year 188S,
only 155 inches of rain fell, 64 less than the
average of forty-nine years. During the last two
months of the year only 24 inches of rain fell.
The temperature rose to 170° and 177° in the sun,
and to 109° in the shade. The drought ceased on
January 1 of the present year, when 2 2 inches fell
within twenty-four hours. The drought afforded an
opportunity for testing the merits of certain forage
plants under such couditions. Our Poa pratensis is
one of the grasses that withstood the evil effects of
the drought. Sainfoin and Tagosaste (Cytisus
proliferus), are well spoken of. ■ Japan Clover
(Lespedeza) and Comfrey are not suited to the
country. In the appendix is given an account of
certain specimen trees in the garden, such as Ficus
rubiginosa, planted in I860, and which has now
attained a height of 48 feet. The stem at 1 foot
from the ground is 17 feet in girth. From this the
tree branches out into seven main stems. The
JubiEa spectabilis of Chile is twenty-nine years old,
and has grown to the height of 27 feet. The stem
at 2 feet from the ground is 13 feet 4 inches in girth.
The Pepper tree (Schnus Molli), is 64 feet in height,
with a spread of branches of 54 feet, the girth of the
trunk being, at 3 feet from the ground, 9 feet
9 inches. Coloured lithographs of some of these
trees are given.

Victoria : Wattle Bark.

The reckless felling of certain species of Acacia
for the purpose of their bark has led the Victorian
Government to appoint a committee of inquiry as to
what regulations should be adopted to remedy the
evil. The commissioners show that the value of the
leather exported from Victoria in seven years was
no less than £1,532,703, exclusive of that required
for home consumption. The export of Wattle bark
in one year amounted to 9724 tons, while the
quantity used in the Victorian tanneries ranges
from 12,000 to 15,000 tons per annum. The com-
missioners visited the Wattle-growing districts, and
were eye-witnesses of the reckless waste that takes
place owing to the wanton carelessness of the
strippers. They recommend the culture of the trees
in various localities well suited for the purpose,
though so poor as to be practically valueless for
other purposes. The soil in some districts is reported
to be full of Wattle seed, which is capable of remain-
ing dormant for a long period. After bush-fires,
young Wattle trees come up in profusion, so that
there is no doubt but that under proper regulations
the culture could be largely extended. The three
species of most importance are A. pycnantha, known
as green, golden, or broad Wattle; A. decurrens,
black Wattle ; and A. dealbata, silver Wattle; the
latter being least valued. Much of the waste bark
could be worked up into "cutch," or terra-japonica,
which is now imported at £20 a ton. The wood of
the Wattle is also very useful. Baron von Mueller's
Iconography of the Australian Species of Acacia will
be of great service in calling attention to other
species besides those named. The report of the
Board is replete with interesting information, and
shows what profit is likely to accrue from the sys-
tematic cultivation of Wattles. We append a few
of the more important conclusions of the Board : —

" That, in the opinion of the Board, the indiscri-
minate and reckless stripping of bark, as carried on
in years past, will, if continued, cause such a reduc-
tion in the annual supply as will materially check
the progress of the tanning industry and export
trade.

" That regulations can be so framed as to conserve
and encourage the growth of the Wattle trees on
Crown lands, in sufficient numbers to ensure a con-
tinuance of the supply required for local wants, as
well as the maintenance of the supply required for
foreign markets.

" That the principle of Wattle cultivation should
be adopted by the State, and also by all local govern-

October 5, 1S89.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

385

ing bodies having the control of reserves or tracts cf
unoccupied land. Wattles should be grown on the
main roads, along all the lines of railway, and on all
lands which are not available for other purposes.

"That stripping Wattle bark on Crown lands
shall only be permitted from the 15th day of Sep-
tember to the 15th day of January next following.
Any stripping carried on out of the season so
specified shall be considered illegal ; and the offender
shall be adjudged guilty of a breach of these regula-
tions.

" That each license shall be issued on the follow-
ing [among other] conditions : — No trees of less than
5 inches in diameter, when of the black or feather-
leaf species; nor less than 4 inches, when of the
golden or broad-leaf species, shall be stripped of their
bark ; the measurement to be taken 2 feet at least
from the ground."

Cape Town.

The report upon the Botanic Gardens and Govern-
ment Herbarium, Cape Town, for the year 1888, a
copy of which has just been received, states that the
income of this garden for the year 188S has consisted
of a grant from Government amounting to £500,
subscriptions to the amount of £15 4s. 6d., and
profits of a seed and plant business undertaken by
the commissioners at their own risk. The total
working expenses for salaries, labour, stock-pur-
chases, &c, amount to £1431 15s. lid. Assuming
that it is an advantage that there should be a garden
of this kind as a health resort and breathing space
in the heart of Cape Town, it would appear that the
advantage costs £1431, and is supplied to the public
for £545. The balance is earned by the garden
itself.

[We have before now commented on this, and on
the strange ignorance, or apathy, which prevents the
authorities from developing their garden to useful
purposes, while they spend money in phylloxera
regulations which are worse than useless, but lately
rumours have reached us that a better state of things
is in prospect.]

Forest Department of the Straits Settlements.

Mr. Ridley's annual report deals, among other
things, with the extirpation of Lalang, a grass (Im-
perata cylindrica), which is injurious, not only by the
obstacles it offers to cultivation, but also by the circum-
stance that it is very inflammable. Waste or cleared
ground speedily becomes covered with this grass.
Ttie only effectual bar to its progress is to plant trees,
the shade of which prevents the growth of the plant.
Of course, this is likely to be a slow and expensive
process, but eventually a sure one. Mr. Curtis, the
Assistant Superintendent of Forests, Penang, gives
an account of his successful search for Cypripedium
niveum, of which he secured a large supply.

Though only a few hours distant from Penang, the
vegetation is very different, being more Burmese
than Malayan, and Mr. Curtis obtained several novel-
ties for the garden at Penang, where they will be
available for exchange.

Trinidad.
The annual report of the Botanic Garden
for 1888, contains some " ink photos " of re-
markable plants in the garden, such as Ravenala
madagascariensis, a noble Corypha, a giant Bamboo,
the Palmyra Palm, and Borrassus flabelliformis.
Speaking of American visitors, Mr. Hart remarks
that, " the amount of energy and enthusiasm shown
by this class of our visitors from the North is some-
thing surprising, certainly eclipsing anything seen
from the European side of the world. In fact, Euro-
peans must indeed look to their laurels in these
matters." Mr. Hart does not expressly specify
wherein the superiority consists.

The gradual diminution of the most showy kinds
of native Orchids for trade purposes is shown to be
such as to cause apprehensions of their total extinc-
tion. O. Lanceanum is mentioned in particular, and
a tax on exports of this plant is proposed.

An elaborate series of meteorological tables is
appended, from which we learn that the maximum
temperature for 1888 was 91° in September, the
lowest 66° in February, the mean temperature for

the whole year being 78°. The total rainfall was not
more than 654 inches, which is as nearly as may
be the same as the average for twenty-five years.
The greatest fall is in July and August (937 and 10 6
inches), the least in February, March, and April,
months in which less than 2 inches is recorded in
each month.

The report is full of information useful to the
colonist and planter, and is highly creditable to the
zeal and energy of the curator.

Plant Notes.

CIST USES.
Many plants are more beautiful than these shrubby
Rock-roses, but few that we can at present call to
mind dispense their beauties over a longer period of
time, or give such a wealth of blossoms. Nearly
every one fights shy of the Cistuses, on the plea that
they are not hardy, getting killed every few years.
We have long suspected that cold was not the only
cause of large handsome bushes dying off as they do.
The Cistus, whatever it may be in a wild state,
appears to be a short-lived plant under cultivation,
and must be renewed every few years ; but this may
be easily done, as they all strike readily enough in a
cold frame, and soon make fine bushes. Another
cause of failure is too good treatment, as we find
when planted in poor, shallow, sandy soil, and left
alone to get moisture the best way they can during
late summer and autumn, they weather the winter
better, and though growth is not so luxuriant, they
last longer, and flower just as profusely, as those in a
richer border. Cistuses are amongst the best rock-
shrubs we know, and there is now such a variety,
both in habit and colour of flowers, as to give a very
large choice. The plant sent out as C. lusitanicus,
and which we believe is a hybrid between C. ladani-
ferus and C. monspelienis, is one of the best ; its
large white, rich purple blotched flowers, have been till
lately as good as they were four months ago, though,
of course, fewer. The same may be said of C. longi-
folius (= florentinus of gardens), a really handsome
white-flowered species, with neat compact habit, and
always pretty in its abundance of rich green wavy
foliage. C. crispus, a fine rich purple species, we
had in flower a few days ago. Others may be had
with equally long flowering seasons, and useful on
account of their variety of shades, such as C. villosus,
C. eriocephalus, C. monspeliensis, &c. D. D.

Clematis Davidiana.
This beautiful herbaceous Clematis belongs to the
non-climbing section, and is closely allied to C.
tubiflora, which is described as being erect, with
growths from 2 to 3 feet long. C. Davidiana is not
erect, but has a tendency to rest on the ground, and
its shoots grow from 3 to 4 feet in length. The
flowers are numerous, and crowded together at the
base of the petioles, the individual blossom? resem-
bling those of the Hyacinth, and are sweetly scented.
The leaves are divided into three dark-coloured,
egg-shaped, pointed leaflets; the upper portion of
the margins of the blade is toothed. It is a much
admired plant, and very suitable for the mixed
border. It is readily increased by taking cuttings
just when the plant is commencing to grow, which
will be in the beginning of the year, and put under a
cool frame or bell-glass, where they are sure to root
in due season. W. Harrow, Botanic Garden, Cam-
bridge.

The Herbaceous Border.

HELIOPSIS.
The genus Heliopsis extends from Canada to the
Andes of Peru, without varying much within itself
in botanical characters. De Candolle, in his Prod-
romiis, recognizes four species. H. laevis (Persoon), on
which the genus was founded, and H.scabra(Dunal),
both North American ; H. buphthalmoides (Dunal),
and H. canescens (Humboldt), South American.

The authors of the Genera Plantarum, reduce
these four to three. Torrey and Gray, in their North
American Flora, recognise only one North American
species, which is called H. laevis, and Asa Gray, in
his Handbook, published in 1870, makes only this
one. We find two portraits of the genus, one in the
Botanical Register of 1821, t. 592, of H. canescens :
the other in Bot. Mag., 1834, t. 3372, of H. loevis, with
many synonyms. We formerly had several names
and forms in gardens, perhaps more prominent than
ornamental, as some of them grew at least 8 or 9 feet
high, flowering only on the top. About five years
ago, I received some seed collected in Minnesota,
from which I raised some comparatively dwarf plants,
with bright orange-yellow flowers, and flowering from
June to October. Though these had very rough
leaves, I followed Asa Gray's Handbook, and called
them H. laevis, and have distributed the seed widely
under that name. I have since found that Asa
Gray, in his Flora of North America, divides this
species into four, so that the name, H. scabra, to
which he gives back specific rank, ought to be given
to forms of H. loevis, with rough leaves. These un-
doubtedly include the best forms of the genus ; the
flowers of those which I raised are vastly superior,
both in substance and colour, to either of the
portraits mentioned above. C. W. D.

Aster pyren.eus.

This plant, named and described by De Candolle,
is not uncommon in English gardens under the
name of A. sibiricus, given to it by Lamarck, through
an error as to its habitat. It is known as a wild
plant only in the Val d'Esquierry, a few miles from
Luchon in the French Pyrenees, and in one or two
spots on the Catalonian side. A continental
catalogue of plants announces that it is now extinct
in these places, and known only in cultivation. It
is, however, very easily cultivated, and, except that
its merits as an ornamental plant are not very great,
it would be in no danger of being lost. It grows
about 18 inches high, and flowers very freely at the
end of July. The flowers are large, and are pale
blue, spoilt by a slight suspicion of red in the
colouring. It ripens seed freely, and is worth a
place, though inferior in merit "to Aster Thomsoni
and A. spectabilis, which flower at the same time.
C. W. D.

A Good Late Rudbeckia.

Three or four years ago, I received a plant named
Rudbeckia laevigata from Messrs. Smith, of St. John's
Nurserv, Worcester. It answers to the description
of R. laevigata (Pursh), in Asa Gray's North American
Flora ; that botanist considers it to be a variety of
R. laciniata. From a gardener's point of view, how-
ever, the two plants are quite distinct. R. laevigata
begins to flower after R. laciniata has finished, and
continues until quite the end of flowers. It has
broader rays, more evenly arranged, and flowers
more freely, besides being of a richer colour. It
grows about 6 feet high, and is a good companion to
the taller Michaelmas Daisies. C. W. J).

Rudbeckia purpurea.
As a border or rock plant, this charming flower
has at the present moment few equals. It has a
noble habit, and except in very exposed places does
not require staking, a process to be dispensed with
in all possible cases. It thrives best in a deep rich
soil and should be occasionally divided, as it has a
tendency to mass and dwindle. We find our plants
at any rate always produce larger and better shaped
flowers after division, though perhaps the best
results are to be obtained from systematically raising
from seed. It is described in the synoptical flora of
North America as Echinacea purpurea, and we
have also seen it called Echinops and Rudbeckia
serotina. It has a very charming purplish colour,
and is a splendid subject for massing. D. D-

Preservation of Leather. — Californian

papers announce the discovery of a substance which
has an extraordinary effect upon leather, rendering
it waterproof, pliable, and almost indestructible.
The discovery is alleged to have been made in the
laboratory of the State University of California.
Some combination of fatty matter and sulphur is
hinted at as the ingredient which is to revolutionise
the leather trade, preserve shoes, and turn old boots
into new ones. Assuming a certain amount of
truth in the statement which reaches us, it would seem
that our Californian friends have hit upon some-
thing like our Gishurstine.

386

TEE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[October 5, 1889.

SUBSCRIBERS TO
rTHE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

' who experience any difficulty in obtaining
their Copies regularly, are particularly requested
to communicate with the Publisher (in cases of
delay in the delivery by post, the cover should be
fonvarded with complaint).

W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street,
Strand, W.C.

APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.

MEETINGS,

Oct.

TUESDAY, Oct. 8

WEDNESDAY

THURSDAY,

MONDAY,

TUESDAY,

WEDNESDAY.

THURSDAY,

SATURDAY,

( Royal Horticultural Society : Fruit,
> Floral, and Scientific Committees.

p ( National Chrysanthemum Society :
t Floral Committee.

SHOW.

Oct 10 ' Crvstil1 Palace : Fruit Show (three
i days).

SALES.

( Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms.
Oct. 7- Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris'
( Rooms.

Nursery Stock, at Holdforth's Nur-
sery, Woking, by Protheroe &
Morris (two days).

Clearance of Greenhouse Plants,
Greenhouses, &c, at South-
bourne-on-Sea, Boscombe, and
Christchurch, by Protheroe &
Morris (four days).

Lilies, at Protheroe & Morris'
Rooms.

Plants, Roses, &c, at the Citv
Auction Rooms, by Protheroe &
Morris.

("Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms.
| Nursery Stock, at Borrowash,
Oct ay Derby, by Protheroe & Morris
\ (two days).

I Plants and Bulbs, at Protheroe &
(, Morris' Rooms.

' Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms.
I Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris'
Oct 10V p>°oms.

^ Nursery Stock, at Banks' Nursery,
Hayward's Heath, by Protheroe
^ & Morris.

I Established and Imported Orchids,
at Protheroe & Morris' Rooms.
Oct. 11/ Nursery Stock, at Wills' Nurserv.
J Leamington, by Protheroe '&
*, Morris.

1 Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms.
Oct. 12-' Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris'
( Rooms.

CORRECTED AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR THE ENSU-
ING WEEK. DEDUCED FROM THE OBSERVATIONS
OF FORTY-THREE YEARS, AT CHISWICK— 52°.5.

It has become a matter of common

Potato Sets, and i i- • ,i_ , , -

Planting. belief that to ensure good returns

from land cropped with Potatos,

the seed should be changed occasionally. Of

course, if the sets of all the varieties of the tuber

grown in a garden are not well matured, so far,

at least, as regards those intended to be the sets

of the following year, and if they are not laid out

thinly to get green on the outside, but are huddled

away in heaps in unsuitable places, there will

follow loss of vigour in the sets so maltreated,

but not loss of the varietal characteristics.

Another circumstance which leads to poor returns,

but which is not due to weakness in the set, comes

from the too common practice of putting the

set into the ground with all its eyes or buds.

This was recognised long ago by observant

cultivators as a mistake ; still, planting sets with

most of the eyes cut out is rarely practised on

a large scale. In the ordinary course, nearly

all the buds produce stems, and at the expense

of the crop of tubers. It is, therefore, good

practice to allow the set to push its buds about

a quarter of an inch in a temperature not

higher than 40°, and then rub off, or, still

better, to cut out all the buds but two or three

at the crown end. With the earliest croppers

this is now a common practice with the gardener,

but he does not carry it out generally to its

logical conclusion by treating the sets of the late
garden or field crops in a similar way.

In these pages, August 17 last, an excellent
paper was communicated by Mr. .T. J. Willis, Har-
penden, which embodied the conclusions arrived
at by Professor Girard (Comptes Rendus) in his
investigations on the various methods adopted
with the sets. We will here, at the risk of being
thought tiresome, repeat what is there stated : —

Tubers divided in their length ...
Whole tubers planted ...
Crown half of tubers planted ...
Whole tubers, eyes other than
removed

Yield per acre.

5 tons
... i3 ,,
... 9i ..
lis
... 11} .,

These results are so remarkable that they
must appeal to the understanding of all culti-
vators of the tuber. At this season, when the
crop is being everywhere lifted, it would be well
to select with care sound, medium-sized sets,
allow them to lay in a light place — not neces-
sarily in the open air, spread out thinly, so that
the skin becomes of a light green tint by expo-
sure to the light, and then put away in a cool,
dry place, not accessible to frost — at the most,
not more than two deep. The sets of late and
field crops, usually not required for planting
before April, will be preserved in good condition
in heaps of small size or narrow ridges, left open
at the top until November, sunk as regards the
floor, not more than S inches below the sur-
rounding level, and made on the north side of
walls or hedges, or in sheds open to that point.
The soil covering these heaps need not be more
than b' inches thick, and will usually consist of
the soil thrown out in making the hole or
trench. In such positions the sprouting of the
tubers takes place very late in the winter, and
seldom proves injurious ; and if hard frosts pre-
vail, or appear imminent, some light stable litter
or dry tree leaves should be put over them for
the time being to prevent freezing of the tubers.

There is one precaution which must be taken,
and that is, not to allow heat to be engendered by
bulking too many tubers in one heap or ridge, or by
keeping them unduly warm by extra coverings after
the frost has passed. As a measure of discretion,
the heaps, &c, should be examined once or twice
in mild weather during the winter, and decayed
tubers taken out ; and more especially is this
needed if disease was prevalent in the autumn.

There is, we think, but little truth in the
statement that a variety loses vigour by being
grown repeatedly in the same garden, if rotation
of cropping is carried out ; for in that case the
Potato crop, except in small gardens, would come
on the same piece of land but once in three or
four years. We have known certain varieties of
Potatos grown in one and the same garden for
twenty-five years without it appearing that any
change of seed was called for. In that garden
a quarter of the land was trenched annually, no
manure beyond leaf-mould was ever put round
about the Potatos, but the crop was one that
usually followed another which had received a
heavy dressing.

The gist of the matter seems to be that whole
sets should be planted, and these should be
denuded of all eyes but a few of those at the
crown ; and the plants allowed ample space, so
that the roots may have a large feeding area,
and then the Potato crop will be far greater than
we are accustomed to have, and the number of
sets required, fewer. As an instance of planting
prepared sets at wide distances apart : we once
saw planted Potato Prinz Friederic Carl, a good
cropping white, round, on ground simply dug,
and when dug up at the end of August, in no
case was the quantity much less than 1 peck per

root, or at 40 lb. per bushel, a quantity equal to
20 tons 12 cwt. 16 lb. per acre. The sets were
put into shallow basins scooped out with a heart-
shaped draw hoe at 3 feet apart, over the whole
area, and when moulded up, each plant had a
circular mound to itself, thus allowing light and
air to reach the plants on every side, and had the
disease attacked them, the spores of the fungus
falling from the leaves would have fallen mostly
in the depressions between the hillocks, and the
tubers would have suffered but little.

The Vegetable Conference.— Taking up
the parables of the Conference dropped last
week on Wednesday afternoon, we have to report
a further gathering of a very well attended and
successful kind on the following day, over which Mr.
Shirley Hibberd presided. Mr. J. Wrioht opened
the ball with a lengthy and somewhat abstruse paper
upon the " Food of Vegetables," a theme that
requires handling by a chemist or physiologist. Of
course the food referred to was found in divers
manures. After Mr. Wright had shown that the
plants ate the manures, others showed that we ate»
the plants or their products, and thus nothing is lost
to the world. Mr. Laxton, of Bedford, who freely
admitted that he had sinned in the direction of
raising more new Peas than anyone else, very
naturally dealt with the subject of " Improvements
in Peas during the PastTwenty-five Years," but some-
what tacking to fill his sails with the winds of cross-
fertilisation, with which topic no man is, perhaps,
more familiar. It was rather hard upon him that Mr.
R. Dean should have given it as his opinion that,
in spite of all which had been done with Peas,
yet that Champion of England, Ne Plus Ultra, and
Veitch's Perfection were still the most widely grown
of Peas, although very old ones. All the same,
it must be admitted that we have far finer
and even more prolific Peas than these — ■
notably, Telephone, Duke of Albany, Satisfac-
tion, Triumph, Sturdy, &c, but none excel
the old ones in quality. Probably no Peas
ever will. Mr. Laxton s lungs were barely strong
enough to keep his large audience together, but Mr.
A. Dean's voice brought them back again whilst he
dilated upon the " Improvements in the Potato
during the past Twenty-five Years," and allowed
little room for dissent. It was a short, crisp paper,
and was much appreciated. Mr. Smith, of Mentmore,
as might be expected, was severely practical. His
paper on the supply of vegetables for a family all
the year round, was an admirable condensation of
instruction as to the best times of sowing and crop-
pingand cultivating vegetables to secure that desidera-
tum, including an enumeration of the best varieties
to that end. It was just such a paper as will be use-
ful to the young gardeners upon whose shoulders are
placed the grave responsibility of doing that which
the paper was intended to illustrate. It would be
well worthy reproduction in every seedsman's list.
The discussion on these papers was unimportant and
the Conference was brought to a elose by a cordial
vote of thanks being given to the readers of the
papers. This was proposed by that excellent Scotch
gardener, Mr. Malcolm Dunn, whose steadfast
adherence to the Conference merits all praise, and
who expressed a strong wish that the papers, as
well as the report of the jurors, should be made
public as speedily as possible. In responding to one
part of the vote, Mr. A. Dean protested strongly
against the results of the labours of the readers
being rewarded by immuring the papers in a closet at
Victoria Street, and said that in common justice to
the compilers, copies should be sent to all the
gardening papers at once. If left till the
beginning of the coming year, all interest in
the Conference would have passed away. He
urged the chairman to represent this protest to
the Council, not a member of which unfortunately
was present to hear it, but which Mr. Hibberd, in
responding for himself, promised to do, as he entirely
agreed with its purport. Not only, then, did the

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October 5, 1889.]

TEE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

387

audience dissolve, but the various vegetable exhibits
soon disappeared also. There can be no doubt
whatever but that, in spite of some drawbacks, the
Conference proved to be enjoyable, and held to-
gether those who had come from near and far in
close and pleasant intercourse to an unwonted
. degree. As a purely social gathering the Conference
. was eminently successful. It was not less so educa-
! tionally, and as a mere spectacle it merited high
1 praise.

Vegetable Conference Juror. — Mr. A.

Watkins, of Messrs. Watkins & Simpson, was acci-
dentally omitted from our list given last week. Mr.
Watkins worked on the tubers and bulbs (except
Potatos). It appears he had not arrived when the
official list was made.

Progress in Peas. — Mr. Laxton, in his

paper on the improvements amongst Peas during
the past quarter of a century, contended that in
this period great improvements had been effected,
especially in the direction of earliness, of hand-
some, large, and well-filled pods, and of dwarf later
sorts, but stated that there is scope for further advance
in hardiness and fertility, more particularly in the
production of hardy market varieties ; and he holds
that continued and constant attention will ever be
necessary to preserve the acquired earlier and dwarf
character of Peas, as the stocks are especially liable
to deteriorate in these respects, chiefly from the re-
peated shelling out, previous to and in harvesting,
and to the destruction, by birds, &c, of the earlier
and dwarfer portions of the stocks, before the bulk
can be secured. Mr. Laxton also alluded to the
two modes of improvement resorted to by growers —
selection, following natural or insect cross-fertilisa-
tion, which, contrary to the general belief, he con-
siders does take place, although rarely, in the Pea,
through the instrumentality of thrips and similar
small insects. The presence of "rogues," as the
stragglers in a crop of Peas are termed, is more
often due to this cause than has been suspected, but
mostly to the natural tendency of the cultivated
Pea to sport and revert to the original type.
Artificial cross-fertilisation was described as an-
other plan more recently adopted by raisers for
the obtaining of new and improved varieties, and as
the mode of procedure practised by Mr. Laxton.
From the flower of the Pea becoming naturally fer-
tilised in an early stage of its formation, and some
two or three days before it is fully expanded, the
operation, which has frequently been considered a
difficult one, although in reality very simple, must
precede this. Mr. Laxton divides garden Peas for
shelling green into three gastronomic classes, as
follows : —

1. Lamb Peas, consisting of the small early sorts,
frequently eaten young with lamb in the early
season, in this country, and answering to the pctits
pais of the French.

2. Ham or Bacon Peas, those usually consumed
with ham or bacon, and which are generally round-
seeded and of a more farinaceous character, and which
are eaten in a somewhat more mature condition.

3. Marrowfats or Quality Pros, consisting chiefly
of the larger main-crop or later wrinkled sorts, and
which are sweet in flavour, and of a buttery texture
when cooked green.

That in order to meet the requirements for these
_ purposes, and to suit the various soils, positions,
climates, and seasons for which the gardener has to
provide, he holds that a larger number of sorts of
Peas than are generally considered necessary must
be maintained. Comparative tables are also given
of the best sorts in cultivation twenty-five years ago,
and of those now in general use.

Sale of Nursery Stock at Sunningdale.
— We call attention to an advertisement relating to a
large sale of nursery stock at Sunningdale, which
will take place under exceptional circumstances.
The ground to be cleared belongs to St. John's
College, Cambridge, and was held on a twenty years'
lease by Mr. Chabi.es Noble. When the lease

expired he did not press for a renewal, having been
a tenant for twenty-six years under three different
bursars, without complaint of any kind. He was
surprised, therefore, to find that the college authori-
ties had resolved to sell the ground, containing
valuable nursery stock, lie has to give up possession
immediately. The detailsW this large sale may be
gleaned from the advertisement.

The Exotic Nursery, Chelsea.— Horticul-
turists who are old enough to remember this estab-
ment when it was in the hands of Joseph Knight,
and still more, those who enjoyed the hospitality of
James Veitch, will read with interest that the old
dwelling-house has been removed for the purpose of
erecting new offices. If those old walls could have
spoken, what histories they might have detailed. In
these days of phonographs such records come within
the range of possibility.

Homestead Orchards.— The Lord Mayor of
London has consented to read a paper on " Home-
stead Orchards " to the members of the Kendal
Agricultural Society shortly after the completion of
his Mayoralty.

MEMORIAL TO Roezl. — A project has been
started to raise a memorial at Prague to Benedict
Roezl. We wish the project all success, but hope
that the claims of such men as Douglas, Fortune,
Lobb, and many others, may be similarly met.

The Leeds Paxton Society.— The above
Society intends to hold an exhibition of Chrysanthe-
mums on November 12 and 13 next.

Double-spathed Arum.— Mr. Tailbv, of
Wellesley, Mass., sends us a photograph of a case
wherein the leaf next adjoining the spathe has
assumed a spathe-Iike character. Such cases are
not uncommon, and some have been figured in these
columns.

L/ELIA MEASURESIANA. — A fine plant of this is
now in bloom at Mr. Boll's nursery, no fewer than
fifty-four flowers being open together, and others are
still to follow. The rich violet lip forms a curious
contrast to the olive-coloured segments.

TlLLANDSIA LlNDENI.— The dwarf form of this
species is now in flower in Mr. Boll's nursery. The
compact habit, slender dark olive-green leaves, and
broad flat spikes, with rich pink bracts and bright
blue flowers, render the plant very desirable.

AMASONIA PUNICEA is one of the most useful of
Messrs. Veitch's introductions, and is remarkable
for the long time (two to three months) in which it
continues in flower.

COLOURED LEAVES. — Our decorative florists are
taking advantage of the gay tints of the autumn
foliage, and are making it up into effective sprays
and bouquets for ladies' dresses. There is no
denying that coloured leaves judiciously put together
are quite as artistic as many more pretentious
arrangements, and are far less costly. For the
modest sum of '2d. a spray can be had composed of
brightly tinted Bramble and Virginian Creeper
leaves, made up with the golden shoots of Asparagus,
Berberis fruits, and a yellow Composite with white
woolly leaves. The idea seems to us a good one,
and capable of much development.

United Horticultural Benefit and Pro-
vident Society. — The annual dinner of this
Society will take place on Wednesday, October 23rd
inst., at the Cannon Street Hotel, E.C., at 5.30
p.m. N. N. Shbrwood, Esq., will preside.

Ealing District Gardeners' Mutual Im-
provement SOCIETY. — The autumn session of
the above Society began on Wednesday last by the
holding of the annual general meeting of members,
when a very satisfactory report and balance-sheet
were presented. The opening address will be

delivered in the Victoria Hall, Ealing, on Wednesday,
the 9th inst., at 8 o'clock, by Shirley Hibberd, Esq.,
and some interesting exhibits will be staged.
This will be followed by addresses by the Rev. Percy
Myles, and Messrs. R. Dean, J. Hudson, A. Dean,
Geo. Gordon, L. Barron, and J. Fraser. On
Wednesday, October 30, a concert and musical
entertainment in aid of the Gardeners' Orphan Fund
will take place in the Victoria Hall.

AMARYLLIDS. — Scarcely is Mr. Baker's book
published, than Dr. Pax, of Breslau, issues a paper
wherein the Amaryllids of the Argentine Republic
are detailed, and several new species described,
including some handsome Bomareas, which may, we
hope, be seen in cultivation.

EUCOMIS PUNCTATA.— It will be news to many
to hear that this plant is hardy. The excellent
secretary of the Royal Horticultural Society tells us,
not only that this plant is hardy in his garden, but
that self-sown seedlings have sprung up, and this
year produced flower.

Chiswick Gardeners' Association.— On

October 11, Mr. Shirley Hibbekd will deliver an
address on " Green Leaves," in the place of meeting
at the Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens,
Chiswick.

Orchid Nomenclature Committee.— It is

proposed that the first meeting be held in the
Lindley Library, Royal Horticultural Society, 117,
Victoria Street, on Tuesday, October 29, at 2 p.m.
Gentlemen having suggestions to make for the con-
sideration of the committee, are requested to com-
municate with Dr. Masters, at the above address.

CORNFLOWERS. — Messrs. Haage & Schmidt
have favoured us with a bunch of flowers of their new
strain, which are novel, pretty, and effective. They
are called " double," but it is only by a rather violent
extension of meaning that the term can be rightly
applied in this case. The outer florets of a Cen-
taurea, the florets of the ray, as they are called, are
irregularly tubular, with a dilated trumpet-shaped,
somewhat two-lobed limb, dividing into five or more
unequal lobes. Internally they contain neither
stamens nor pistils, unless in an abortive con-
dition. The central or disc florets are also
tubular, but the limb is regularly divided into
fine linear segments. These florets are less con-
spicuous than the others, but contain both stamens
and pistils. In Messrs. Haage & Schmidt's
flowers, what has happened has been the increase of
the ray florets at the expense of those of the disc.
The beauty of the flower is undoubtedly enhanced,
but if the process is to be developed, the production
of seed will be correspondingly diminished. The dis-
tribution of colour in Messrs. Haage & Schmidt's
flowers is remarkable ; some are blue, others white,
others have the petals deep violet tipped with white,
producing an effect like a Scabious. They are
excellent for cutting purposes, so that wide popu-
larity may be safely predicted for them, especially as
Messrs. Haage & Schmidt assert that a large pro-
portion—60 to 70 per cent.— will come true from
seed.

Berkhamsted Horticultural Society —

The fortieth show of this Society was held on Sep-
tember 23 at the Town Hall, when for the first time
prizes were offered for groups of plants, and a capital
competition took place. Mr. Lucas (gr. Mr. Hio-
gings) took 1st place with the usual exhibition plants ;
Mrs. Lucas (gr., Mr. Lush) gaining 1st place in the
competition for smaller groups. Fruit was well
shown, Grapes and Apples being exceptionally fine.
Cut flowers were shown in fine condition by Mr. B.
Mawley, who had also a beautiful bank of cut Roses
in many varieties, bat the Teas formed the principal
part. Messrs. Lank & Sons showed a fine collection
of fruits, including Gros Colmar Grapes and their
Prince Albert Apple. The cottagers of Berkham-

388

THE GAB DENE US' CHRONICLE.

[October 5, 1889.

sted, who have much allotment ground in culti-
vation, contributed a very good lot of vegetables, the
size, variety, and finish being much superior to what
is ordinarily observed in similar exhibitions ; in fact,
gardeners bv profession must look to their laurels in
this district.

Nepenthes at Messrs. Veitch's. — The

Nepenthes-house at the Royal Exotic Nursery is
well worth a visit at this time, as a large number of
the species have produced their pitchers profusely.
Among the most remarkable are the new hybrid N.
DicksonianaX , the form of N. Curtisi known as
superba, an improvement upon the original type.
X. Mastersiana x maintains its ground for the pro-
fusion in which its pitchers are formed, and for their
brilliant colouring. N. Burkei, the latest of Messrs.
Veitch's introductions, is a handsome form, pre-
senting some exceptional characteristics. No doubt
it will attain larger dimensions under cultivation, and
perhaps develop new characters.

The British Fruit Growers' Association
(President, Lord Brooke, M.P.) intends holding a
meeting and Conference at the Crystal Palace, on
the first day of the Hardy Fruit Show, Thursday,
October 10, at 3 p.m. Papers on fruit culture will
be read by Mr. T. F. Rivers and other eminent
authorities. The Hon. Secretaries are Mr. L.
Castle, Merton, Surrey, and Mr. W. Barley, Ilford,
Essex.

FOOD FROM FLOWERS.— Previously to the pub-
lication of the last number of the Kew Bulletin, the
only flowers with which we were familiar, as yielding
food products, were those of the Mahwa (Bassia
latifolia). Considering that the flower has only a
temporary purpose to serve, it is not surprising that
what stores of food there may be within it, should be
generally exhausted in the ripening of the seed.
Indeed, as a rule, the seed gets its food rather from
the leaves than directly from any part of the
flower. The Bulletin before us contains a digest of
of all that is at present known concerning another
food product, also derived from flowers. It appears
that under various names, such as " balanja," " phok,''
&c, a shrub allied to the Docks (Rumex) is known
in parts of North- Western India, and the flowers of
which are collected from the ground, and used
largely as food by the natives. This shrub is the
Calligonum polygonoides of botanists, the flowers of
which are noted for their " strong pleasant odour, as
of over-ripe Strawberries." Through the mediation
of Mr. Dcthie, the Director of the Botanical De-
partment, North-West India, specimens of this have
been received at Kew, and a portion has been
analysed by Professor Church, who finds the flowers
peculiarly rich in nitrogenous compounds, there
being no less than 1G per cent, of albuminoids, or in
the proportionate ratio to the starchy ingredients of
1 to 48, that of Rice being 1 to 108. The amount
of sugar, 46 per cent., is also large. Analysis there-
fore supplies an excellent illustration of the value of
this article of food.

Horticultural Club.— The first monthly

dinner and conversazione for the session 1889—1890
will take on Tuesday, October 8, at 6 p.m. The
subject for discussion will be " Dressing Roses," to
be opened by Mr. T. W. Girdlestone.

Garden Notes.— The Duke of Boccleoch is
staying at Drumlanrig, entertaining the Duke of
Fife and other distinguished guests.

ARBOR Days.— At Adelaide (South Australia),
the successful initiation of Arbor Days has been
signalised by the members of the city and suburban
schools having planted 800 trees upon the Park Lands
adjacent to Adelaide. Many private persons also
planted trees on that day in various parts of the colony,
and no less than 35,000 trees had been applied for at
the Forest Office on the day before Arbor Day. Addi-
tionally, a number of District Councils, schools, and

Corporations intended to initiate Arbor Days in their
various districts. The City and Suburban Schools
Arbor Committee forwarded a recommendation to
the Ministry to provide for the proclamation of an
annual holiday, to be called Arbor Day, when every
colonist of South Australia should be invited to
plant at least one tree, and they suggested that the
first Friday in August each year would probably be
the most suitable day.

SATYRIUM CORIIFOLIUM.— For a flower-spike of
this Cape terrestrial Orchid we are- indebted to Mr.
O'Brien. It is a stout spike bearing at its summit
a many-flowered dense cluster of ochre-coloured
flowers, flushed with deep orange. Each flower is
about an inch long, and is hooded above like a
Monkshood. Two long spurs project from the back
of the hood, while in front three strap-shaped seg-
ments emerge, as it were, from under the hood — two
to the side, one central. The column is entirely
concealed within the hood. Such are the main
features of the flower, as seen at a superficial glance ;
but the whole arrangement is so peculiar, and if we
may say so, so admirably contrived for the purpose
it has to fulfil, that, at the risk of being tedious, we
enter into fuller detail. In the first place, the ovary
is not twisted, as it is in most Orchids, the conse-
quence is that the lip or hood occupies the upper
part of the flower. Next, the three sepals are un-
equal, the two side ones bigger than the mid or lower
one. The two lateral petals are of the same form
as the side sepals, the mid petal as before said, forms
the hood. Within this hood is the column, not
straight, but curved forward like a swan's neck, and
bearing on its summit, at the back, a rounded, feathered,
erect stigma. In front of the stigma projects hori-
zontally a three-lobed " rostellum," the lobes of a
triangular form, and directed forwards. On the under
or front surface of this rostellum, is the two-lobed
anther. Each lobe contains one pollen mass with a
stalk and a crescent-shaped gland, by which it is
attached to the rostellum in such a way that the gland
occupies the space between two lobes of the rostellum .
One result of all this hood-like formation, this cur-
vature, this displacement, this substitution of one
form for another, is to compel the insect who visits
the flower for the sake of the honey in the nectary,
to make itself useful. The state of matters may be
explained by the following diagram : —

where — r- represents the insect in its passage to x
the nectary, prevented from wandering to right or
left by the hooded petal /--s, and by the rostellum <-n,
and when it must needs remove the pollen masses O O.
These adhere to the back of the insect's back by
means of the sticky glands, and when it visits
another flower the pollen of necessity strikes against
the stigma, as shown in the plan —

where the upper curved line represents the hood of
the lip, X the nectary, | the stigma, and —\r the
insect with the pollen on its back.

Beqonia Scharffiana and B. Haageana—

These two plants have been confused with each other.
They have both been in flower at Kew, are perfectly
distinct, and the names for each have been decided
as follows : — In 1887, Messrs. Haage & Schmidt
sent three kinds of Begonia to Kew for name, and
they appear to have sent them also to Dr. Reoel
for the same purpose. These Begonias had been
introduced from Brazil by Dr. Scharff, and Messrs.
Haaoe & Schmidt desired that one of them should
bear his name. The plant selected for this com-
pliment at Kew, however, was not the same as Dr.
Regei. had chosen, but as his description of B.
Scharffiana was published before that of B. Scharffii
appeared in the Bot. Mag, Dr. Regel's name must
stand. B. Scharffiana of Regel is described in the

Gartenflora, 1888, p. 127. It has large fleshy leaves
black-green above, crimson beneath, and covered
with hairs ; the stipules are very large, and the
flowers are clustered on long drooping peduncles.
This is the plant which Messrs. Laing & Sons have
distributed as B. Scharffiana. B. Haageana of Kew
is the plant figured in Bot. Mag. under the name
of B. Scharffii. It was exhibited under the former
name at one of the meetings of the Horticultural
Society in July, 1887. It is one of the very finest
of the evergreen flowering Begonias, and is certain
to become a popular garden plant. A third plant
received along with the above has the habit of B.
Scharffiana, but it has smaller leaves and flowers,
and is a much less ornamental plant. It is called B.
Scharffiana var. minor.

NEW CONIFERS.— The Revue Horticolc for Sep-
tember 1, contains figures and descriptions of
three new forms, as follows: —

Pinus Strobus excelsa zebrina. — A form with the
leaves marked with a narrow transverse band of
white.

Pinus si/vestris eolumnaris compacta is a slow
growing form with dense flame-like contour, re*,
sembling that proper to P. cembra in the young
state.

Picea excelsa capitata. — A singular variety of the
Spruce, in which the bulk of the plant forms a glo-
bular mass, from which project, like pins from a
pincushion, relatively long branches, each bearing
a head-like mass of leaves at the top. These
three new forms are exhibited in Pari3 by M.
Croox, of Sceaux, and are certainly very curious ;
but why burden them with such cumbrous names?

The Disappearance of Native Plants.—

At the recent meeting of the British Association at
Newcastle, a report of a committee formed for the
purpose of collecting information as to the disap-
pearance of native plants from their local habitats was
read. The attention of the committee had been in
the main directed to the threatened extinction of
rare plants, and the report also spoke of the injudi-
cious action of botanists themselves and of botanical
exchange clubs, as being potent factors in the change*
which had taken place. The committee observed
that the dealer and collector figured largely in the
disappearance of Ferns, and in conclusion, suggested
to natural history societies and field clubs the ad-
visability of keeping careful guard over any rare
plants to be found within their respective spheres of
action. Canon Thistram referred to the disap-
pearance of plants in Upper Teesdale. All these
plants which they found disappearing could be pro-
cured by those who wished them from nurserymen,
and the collectors who wished to grow them could get
plants far more likely to survive and flourish from the
dealer than by collecting them themselves.

Surrey Chrysanthemum Society.— This

Society's exhibition has been postponed for one week,
and will, therefore, take place on Monday and Tues-
day, November 11 and 12 at the Public Hall,
Peckham.

Biographical Index of British and Irish
BOTANISTS. (By James Britten, F.L.S., and G. S.
Boulqbr, F.L.S.) — In the Journal of Botany for
July and August, we find the following : —

"Justice, James (fl. 1754). Of Edinburgh.
British Gardeners' Director, Edinb., 1754, F.R.S. (?)
Pritz. i., 136. Justicia, L."

" Kennedy, Lewis (fl. 1775 — 1818). Nurseryman,
of the Vineyard, Hammersmith. Father-in-law of
H. C. Andrews. Wrote much of Bot. Repository,
1799—1804 ; author of Page's Prodromus (?) (c.f.
Johns. Diet. Gardening, 301). Rees, Add. sub. Ken-
nedia. Loud. Arboretum, i., 78; Ventenat, Jard.
Malm., tab. 104, 1804. K«nnedia, Vent."

"Kent, William (d. before 1828). Gardener,
F.L.S.,' 1813. Accompanied Reinwardt in Indian
Archipelago. Blume, Fl. Jav., i., 71 ; Rumphia, ii.,
94; Kentia, Bl., Fl. Jav.= Mclodorum. Kentia, Bl.,
Rumphia."

October 5, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CERONICLE.

389

" Ker, John Bellenden (olim Gawler) : (d.
Cannes, 1871. Edited Bot. Register, 1815—1824;
Strelitzia, 1818; Iridearum Genera, 1827; Trans.
Linn. Soe., x., 166; Gard. Chron., 1871, 1589;
Journ. Bot., 1872, 32; Pritz., 162; Jacks., 565;
R. S. 0., iii., 639. Bellendena, Br.

" Ker, William (d. 1814) : d. Ceylon, 1814. Kew
gardener and collector. Canton, 1803 ; Java and
Philippines, Superintendent, Peradeniya Bot. Gard.,
1812. Gard. Chron., 1881, ii., 570; Trans. Linn.
Soc, xii., 154 ; Lambert, Pinus, ed. 2., ii., Ill,
Kerria, B.C.

" Kingston, Robert Creaser (1846 (?) — 1872 : b.
Torksh., 1846 (?) ; d. Kew, 21st June, 1872. Assist-
ant in Herb., Kew. Journ. Bot., 1872, 224 ; Gard.
Chron., 1872, 876. Kingstonia, Hook. f.

"Knight, Joseph (fl. 1809— 1836 [1854]). Gar-
dener to Hibbert, afterwards nurseryman at Chelsea.
Author of Protiece, 1809 ; Coniferous Plants, 1850,
Pritz., 166 ; Jacks., 141, 408 ; Journ. Bot., 1886, 296.

" Knight, Thomas Andrew (1759 — 1838) : b.
Wormsley Grange, Ludlow, 12th Aug., 1759 ;
d. London, 11th May, 1833; bur. Wormsley.
Balliol, Oxon. F.L.S., 1807, F.R.S., 1805. Pres.
Hort. Soc, 1811—1838. Pritz., 166; Jacks., 69;
R.S.C. iii. 687; Gard. Mag. xiv., 303; 'Selec-
tion from . . . papers and life,' 1841 ; Gard.
Chron., 1841, 351 ; 1877, 1, 169, with portr. ;
Cott. Gard., vi., 43; Journ. Hort., xxi. (1876),
428, with portr. ; Atheneeum, 1838, 358. Portr. at
Kew, and Royal Horticultural Society. Knightia, Br.

"Knowlton, Thomas (1692—1782): b. 1692; d.
Londesborough, Yorks, 1782. F.L.S., 1795. Gar-
dener to Sherard at Eltham, and to Earl of Burling-
ton at Londesborough. Letters to Brewer in Bot.
Dept., Brit. Mus., Ait. Hort., Kew, x. ; Pult., ii.,
239; Rich. Corr. ; Linn. Letters, \., 77. Knowltonia,
Salisb.

"Lambert, Aylmer Bourke (1761 — 1842): b.
Bath, 2nd Feb., 1761 ; d. Kew, 10th Jan. 1842. St.
Mary Hall, Oxon, 1779. F.L.S., 1788; V.P., 1796.
F.R.S., 1791. ' Cinchona,' 1797. ' Pinus,' 1803—
1829; ed. 2, 1832; vol. iii., 1836. Contrib. to
Eng. Bot. (1359, 2562, &c). Herbarium in
part in Herb. Mus. Brit. Partly bought by De-
lessert, Lasegue, 75. Discovered Cardans tuberosus,
1813; Pritz., 174; Jacks., 569 ; R. S. C, iii., 812;
Proc. Linn. Soc, i., 137 ; Gard. Chron., 1842, 271.
439; Atheneeum, 1842, 1137; Veitch, Manual of
Coniferte, 180 ; Oil portr. by Russell at Linn. Soc.
Portr. at Kew. Aylmeria Martius Lambertiana, Sm.;
Salix Lambertiana, Sm.

"Langley, Batty (fl. 1729—1808). Of Twicken-
ham. Pomona, or the Fruit Garden ; illustrated,
1729 (figures by author). Pritz., ed. i., 148.

"Lawrence, Miss Mary (fl. 1790—1810). Of
London, Teacher of Botanical Drawing, A Collection
of Roses from Nature, 1799 ; A Collection of Passion
Flowers, 1799—1800; Pritz., 177; Jacks., 142.

Tiptree Hall Farm. — The late Mr. J. J.
Mechi's farm, we learn from the Agricultural
Gazette, is in the market. It seems but the
other day that the genial farmer of Tiptree Hall,
still enamoured of his lath-floored cattle-boxes, bis
irrigation, and his thin sowing, was showing us
round his beloved domain. And what a cheerful
faith the " old man eloquent " had in himself and his
theories, in spite of all his misfortunes. It was not
farming that ruined him, though he must have lost a
good deal by his costly improvements, in spite of his
balance-sheets, which partook of his own sanguine
character. Tiptree Hall has long ceased to attract
attention, but it will always be associated with the
bold farmer who attracted world-wide attention
twenty years ago.

P5 SAD ACCIDENT. — A most distressing accident
occurred in the Clyde on the night of Saturday,
September 28, when the yacht belonging to Mr.
White, of Ardarroch, was run into by a steamer.
The captain was saved, but Mr. White's Orchid
grower, Mr. R. C. Fraser — who had previously been
in the employ of Mr. Measures, at Streatham —
and Mr. Hall, a florist of Tulse Hill, were drowned.
They had been to see the Orchid collection of Mr.
Gair, and were on their return when the accident
occurred. Both Hall and Eraser leave widows.

Holla d

DUTCH HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

The Dutch Horticultural Society has resolved to
follow the example of similar societies in England
and elsewhere, and to award at meetings, the date of
which will be fixed beforehand, Certificates to
growers of products belonging to the vegetable
kingdom, flowers, plants, vegetables, and fruits which
are remarkable for their novelty or exceptional
qualities.

For this purpose, it has formed committees en-
trusted with the task of examining such products as
are submitted to them. One is especially devoted to
plants and flowers, another to vegetables and fruits.
The third is a scientific committee for the exami-
nation of interesting and abnormal peculiarities
which may be valuable to botanical science.

Each committee has the right to deliver Certificates
of First and Second Class, according to the merits of
the products. The meetings will this year be held
on October 23 and December 3. W. Baron
van Goltstein is the President ; H. C. Zwart, the
Secretary.

June 27.— First-class Certificates were awarded :
1st to Messrs. Zocher & Co., at Haarlem, for a col-
lection of branches and leaves of new or recently in-
troduced trees and shrubs, among which were the
Pinus strobus zebrina, Acer pseudo-platanus atro-
purpurea, A. negundo aureo-marginata, Viburnum
tinus fol. aur. var., Castanea japonica and Kelsey
Plum ; 2nd, to Messrs. Jac. Jurrissen & Son, at
Naarden, for their Cupressus Lawsoniana Wester-
mannii, of very remarkable size and colour ; 3rd, to
Mr. C. G. Overeynder, at Apeldoorn, for his Dimor-
phantus mandschuricus fol. aur. var. elegans ; 4th, to
Messrs. E. H. Krelage & Son, at Haarlem, for their
large collection of cut flowers and bulbs, among
which theie were some GladioluB Incomparabilis,
Madame Blanche Bourdin, and Palmyre ; and among
the Iris Kasmpferi, the varieties Alexander von
Humboldt fl.-pl., Rainbow, with pure white flowers ;
and Princess.

Second-class Certificates were given:— To Messrs.
E. H. Krelage & Son, at Haarlem, for their Albuca
Nelsoni, a novelty introduced in 1886 ; and for the
new variety of the Iris K;empferi, W. Cochrane, with
large and wholly white flowers. The same firm also
sent a nearly complete collection of the varieties of
the Lilium elegans, and of the Allium sphserocepha-
lum atropurpureum, newly introduced in 1838.

The Zoological Garden of Rotterdam sent some
flowering plants of the Cycnoches Loddigesii,
Cattleya nobilior, C. gigas, and C. Gaskeliana.

The Scientific Committee.

Messrs. E. H. Krelage & Son, at Haarlem, submitted
to the examination of the committee some dormant
bulbs of Fritillaria persica. According to a com-
munication from Mr. M. C. Parke, Stretton Hall,
Leicester, some bulbs of a species of the Fritillaria
commenced to grow after having lain dormant for
thirteen years. The committee decided that some of
these bulbs should be planted in the Botanical
Garden at Amsterdam, in order to ascertain how
long their rest would last. The same firm sent a
branch of Madura aurantiaca, which came from
Hungary, where that shrub, originally from North
America, endures the winter in the open air.

Professor de Vries sent some specimens of Dip-
sacus silvestris, with stalks distorted in the form of a
spire, which abnormal growth had already been
perpetuated during three generations.

Floral Committee, September 10, 1889.

First-class Certificates were awarded : — 1st, to
Messrs. E. H. Krelage & Son, at Haarlem, for their
new plants Crocosma aurea imperialis and Nerine
excellens, Moore ; 2nd, to Mr. J. J. Jansen, gr. to
Mr. Beckeringh, at Driebergen, for his new variety
of Anthurium, with wholly white spathe ; 3rd, to
Mr. J. F. van den Berg, at Jutfaas, for his collection
of cut flowers of Begonia tuberosa gigantea and of

Begonia tuberosa gigantea duplex ; 4th, to Messrs.
Zocher & Co., at Haarlem, for a collection of Begonia
tuberosa, with single flowers and double ones; 5th,
to Mr. H. J. van Heyst, at Wyk by Duurstede, for a
very interesting collection of Ferns grown in the
open air ; 6th, to Messrs. Groenewegen & Co., at
Amsterdam, for seven varieties of dwarf Canna, with
large flowers ; 7th, to Messrs. J. Mater & Son, at
Leyden, for some plants introduced from Japan.

Second-class Certificates were given: — 1st, to
Messrs. Groenewegen & Co., at Amsterdam, for four
new varieties of Cactus Dahlia, with gigantic flowers ;
and for a new vaiiety of the autumn Chrysanthemum,
Mr. Burrel ; 2nd, to Messrs. E. H. Krelage & Son,
at Haarlem, for a collection of cut flowers from
bulbous and tuberous plants. The same firm sent a
collection of cut flowers from varieties of Mont-
bretia and Kniphofia, among which the varieties
of Kniphofia aloides grandiflora gigantea (Krelage),
and Max Leichtlin were the most remarkable.
Among this collection were some cut flowers from
the Alstroimeria peruviana, Ostade (Krelage),
remarkable for their red dark brown colour.

Ornamental Plants Committee.

A First-class Certificate was awarded to Mr. K.
Wezelenburg, at Hazerswoude, for a new variety
of Cupressus Lawsoniana filiformis glauca (Weze-
lenburg). Second-class Certificates were given : —
1st, to the above-mentioned Mr. K. Wezelenburg, for
his new Cupressus Lawsoniana Souvenir de Leide ;
2nd, to Mr. A. M. C. Jongkindt Coninck, at Dedems-
vaart, for his Cupressus Lawsoniana robusta, recently
brought into trade, and remarkable for its power of
resistance to the winter cold.

Fruit Committee.

A Second-class Certificate was given to Messrs.
Booy & Crans, at Elden, near Arnhem, for the Peach
Antoinette. This variety is recommendable for its
fertility and excellent fruits, and still more remark-
able for its volume and its beautiful colour.

Scientific Committee.

The Botanical Garden of Amsterdam sent a
Beschorneria multiflora, with a large number of
young plants in the inflorescence.

Messrs. Krelage & Son sent some plants derived
from seed of Agave filifera, but with different appear-
ance. It is not likely that they are hybrids, as
there were no others in the neighbourhood that bore
flowers at the same time. H. C. Zwart, Secretary.

Berlin.

A rockery is to be constructed in the Berlin
Botanic Garden, under the direction of the new
Director, Professor Eogler.

On Sunday, September 29, M. Jiihlke, the Director
of the Royal Gardens, at Potsdam, spoke at the
grave of the late Director Lenne, and alluded to his
work as a landscape gardener. All the parks in
the neighbourhood of Potsdam, the Charlottenhof,
the Neue Garten, the Pfingstberg, the Marley, and
the Nordische Garten, are the work of Lenne, as well
as the improvements in the Thier Garten.

On October 1, If. Spiith celebrated the Jubilee of
the establishment of his nurseries at Rixdorf, one
of the largest nurseries in the world, occupying no
less than 355 acres.

A novelty in the flower-shops consists in the use
of the leaves of Begonia rex, as a substitute for the
lace usually employed.

Orchids are gr own here more and more. This
may be, in a me asure, due to the auction sales of
Messrs. Seeger & Tropp, of London.

A large sale of Palms, &c, by Mr. Winter, of
Bordighera, will shortly take place here. Amateurs
may then follow the "example of Mr. Kohler, at
Altenburg, who cultivates in the open air, with slight
protection, Palms such as Livistona, Ptuunix,
Pritchardia, ChanKerops, Cocos Weddelliana, Cycas
revoluta, various Agaves, and Yuccas.

The Brazilian species of the order Bromeliaceaj
have been worked up for the Flora Brasilicnsis by Dr.
Mez. Unfortunately the supply of living species in
the Berlin Botanic Garden is small, and Dr. Mez
would be grateful for fresh specimens of these plants.
Berlin Correspondent.

390

THE GAB DENE US' CHE ONI CLE.

IPctobeb 5, 1889.

FOEAY IN EPPING FOREST. PLANTS AND THEIR CULTURE.

Following within a fortnight of the Hackney
Society, the Essex Field Club held their annual
Foray in Epping Forest on Friday and Saturday,
September 27 and 28, in search of fungi. The
excursion on Friday was taken in the woods north
of Epping, and on Saturday around Theydon Bois.
The company was not so large as in many of the
preceding years, but the weather continued fine and
agreeable. This was the ten.th annual foray of the
Essex Field Club for this purpose, but the soil was
so hard and dry, notwithstanding recent rains, that
all kinds of fungi were very scarce. The total
number of species determined as having been seen
during the two days was 138, being less than last
year, which also was unfavourable. Although the
total was small, it included one species, Paxillus
Alexandri, new to the British Islands, and five
species additional to the Essex list, viz., Agaricus
(Clitocybe) gallinaceus, Fr. ; Kussula Linnasi, Fr. ;
E. incarnata, 0.; Lycoperdon saccatum, Fr. ; and
Diacha;a leucopoda, Bull.

In the evening, after a substantial tea, the usual
meeting was held in a large room at Rigg's lietreat,
and when the business matters were disposed of, the
exhibition of fungi duly inspected and commented
upon, the results of the excursion were detailed by
Dr. M. C. Cooke, and comparisons instituted between
the Essex list of fungi and those published by other
counties, notably that of Herefordshire. The whole
number of Agaricini found in Britain now reaches
1335 species, of which 483 have been recorded for
Herefordshire, and now about 410 for Essex. This
was considered to be a very favourable result, seeing
that continuous excursions of four days each have
been held by the Woolhope Club for the past twenty
years, that a variety of localities have been explored,
that a greater humidity and variety of soil cha-
racterise the Herefordshire districts, and a larger
number of experienced workers have every year been
associated with the excursions.

Following upon -these remarks, allusion was made
to the life and labours of the late Rev. M. J.
Berkeley, especially in connection with mycology,
and a sympathetic audience listened for some time,
with manifest interest, to reminiscences of the
twenty-five years of intercourse between the speaker
and the deceased.

In conclusion, young and active members of the
club, efficient in the use of the microscope, were
urged to direct their attention to the microscopic
fungi of the forest hitherto almost unknown. It
was urged that there were two or three compact
groups which might be taken up independently by
different individuals, and explored with advantage.
Such were the Myxogasters, the Discomycets, and
the Uredinous fungi, for all of which handy and
recent text-books were available at a cheap rate ; so
that there was no longer excuse for leaving so many
of the minute fungi of Essex without investigation.

A complete and revised list of the larger fungi of
Essex has already been prepared, and it is hoped will
soon be published, and in the hands of the members.
Mr. J. T. Powell also read an interesting paper on
" The Existing Flowering Plants of Epping Forest,"
illustrated by a series of specimens. M. G. C.

A CATTLEYA-HOUSE.

The accompanying illustration represents a new
Cattleya-house, which has been built for T. W.
Hollington, Esq., Forty Hill, Enfield. The structure
is 150 feet in length, and 24 feet broad, and is built
of Pitch Pine and iron. The bar3 are 2 feet 6 inches
apart, so as to allow plenty of light, and the roof
is low-pitched for the same purpose. A feature of
the house is seen in Tredon's staging, which Mr.
Ayling, the gardener, states "is an economiser of
labour, for if filled with water oncea day, it keeps a nice
moisture about the plants, and at the same time
admits of a free circulation of air." The illustration
displays the nature of the staging, which holds water
in the channels, and allows air to play through the
whole of the ridges. Under each of the stages there
is a tank for rain-water.

Plants that Flower in the Automn. — The
last few days of September were cold, with frost
at nights, and it is well that everything that is
tender should be housed forthwith. Where the
fruit-houses have to be used for the harbouring of
the plants, great care should be taken to see that
only clean plants be taken in ; especially is this
necessary if mealy-bug is known to infest them.

Poinsettias which may be growing in frames will
require to be watered with care, pr the plants will
lose their lower leaves, and others that have com-
pleted their growth will require less stimulating
food, many plants being often lost by too rich
manuring after growth is finished.

We have just removed our plants to a dry and
warmer pit, and will use a little more heat in cold
weather, but still airing freely. A few of the most
forward plants should be introduced into the stove if
early effects are desired. Euphorbia jacquiniceflora
requires much the same kind of treatment as Poin-
settias in regard to watering, and should be put in a
sunny position near to the roof glass. Eranthemum

weak liquid manure twice weekly, and they will con-
tinue to bloom freely for some time yet. The blooms
last a long time if kept free from damp. G. Wythet,
Sion, Isleworth,

The Orchid Houses.

Potting Vanda tricolor, suavis, and insignis. —
The present is the best time in which to repot any of
the above Javanese Orchids, and to lower any which
have become what is called " leggy " — a condition
generally due to excessive heat, or some sort of bad
cultivation. If repotted in the spring, the flowerirg
season following closely on, together with the hot
summer sun, the strain upon the disturbed plants is too
great, and degeneration invariably ensues ; whereas, if
shifted now, the whole of the winter and spring is
before them, in which to re-establish themselves
before jthe flowering season. When properly potted
and established, Vandas should only be disturbed when
actually requiring a shift, for if grown healthily
in a suitable temperature, many of them do net
require repotting every year, and some may well

Fiu. 56. — mr. hollington's cattleya-house, fobti hill, enfield.

asperum should be placed similarly near the light.
This plant and E. pulchellum, both good decorative
stove plants, have made nice plants from the cut-
tings that were struck in spring, having been grown
in a cool frame throughout the summer months, and
they will be given a warmer house in which to
bloom.

Plumbago rosea should get a light place near the
glass, and it does well tied to strings, and its
blooms are more lasting in a cut state when grown
in this way. The easily grown Justicias will now be
found of service, also Pentascarnea ; and to have nice
flowering plants young stock is much the best. It
can be grown on throughout the summer in frames,
the plants requiring but a small amount of atten-
tion if watered regularly, and the shoots kept stopped
to induce compact growth. Pentas rosea is a useful
variety, and should be grown with P. carnea.

The Gesneras, if they have been potted up as
previously advised, will now be showing their flower
spikes, and will be benefited by occasional watering
with weak liquid manure. These plants must be
kept free from damp, or their beautiful foliage will
soon be disfigured ; and they should never be syringed
or watered overhead. A few of the strongest plants
may be shifted into larger pots, and so form a suc-
cession. The late sown Gloxinias now in bloom in
a moderately dry house must get full light, and some

go two or three years without being disturbed
in their pots or baskets. The ordinary garden
pot answers well for these plants, as for most other
Orchids when otherwise properly treated, and these
should be crocked two-thirds of the way up, some of
the naked stems and straggling root being worked in
during the process of crocking. For surfacing
material, good living sphagnum moss is by far
the best.

Temperature, however, is the main point ; and on
the observance of a low temperature more depends
than on all the other points connected with growing
the Vanda. At no season of the year is a hothouse
necessary for these plants, and it may be said that if
a night temperature of 55° to 60°, and a day tem-
perature of 65° were observed all the year round, we
should hear little of Vandas being difficult to
grow. Of course, such a low temperature could not
be got in summer, but the nearer to it the
better for the plants. In winter, however, it is
to be attained, and as that is the season when a high
temperature is the most injurious, the observance of
the low temperature perfectly meets the case ;
and the good results, such as we see with Veitch,
Williams, Bull, Thomson of Clovenfords, and others,
is in that manner to be attained with less trouble than
would have to be taken to ruin the plants with heat.
The same remarks apply largely to the East-Indian

October 5, 1889.J

TEE GARDENERS' CERONIGLE.

391

Aerides, Saccolabiums, Vandas, &c, in whose destruc-
tion a too high winter temperature, especially at
night, works nine-tenths of the mischief, which make
them the reverse of ornamental in many collections.
I have grown the varieties of V. tricolor, &c, to
perfection in a temperature which would fall to 40°
Fahr.. at night ; but it is not well to aim at extremes,
even if these be on the right side, for differences in
the form or aspect of the houses may make what
would be a low temperature safe in one house
a cause of injury in another. In the matter of
water, Vandas like a good watering with rain-water
at long intervals, rather than a small quantity fre-
quently. They do not require absolute drying off, but
the supply of water should be regulated by the con-
dition of growth indicated by the centre leaves and
the tender points of the air-roots when the plant is
growing actively, and requiring the largest supply of
water; and at other times by the want of evidence
of the formation of young leaves and the sealed
points of the roots, indicating the season's growth is
over, and less water is required. Syringing, or water-
ing overhead should be avoided. Grown cool, few
of the Orchids keep freer from insects than do
Vandas ; and when grown too warm, none become more
infested with them, and chiefly by the little hard
brown scale — or are more certain to be injured when
cleaning them off. The temperatures for October
should be : — Warm-house, 70° — 75°, by day, 65° at
night; intermediate- house, 05° — 70° by day, 60° at
night ; cool-house, 60° — G5° by day, 53° at night.
James O'JsrUn.

The Flower Garden.

Flowers and the Frost. — Although we have
registered as much as 5° of frost, nothing has suf-
fered, owing to the position of this garden, which is
high and dry, plants of most kinds being still gay.
This circumstance teaches a valuable lesson, namely,
that, when arranging plants in beds that are on a
low-lying land, and which may be close to a river or
lake, care should be taken to use plants of the
hardiest description, then, it may reasonably be
expected that such plants will continue in beauty
quite as long as tenderer plants, in gardens that are
higher and drier. Up to the present time the only
plants which have faded are Hollyhocks, and these
would still be in good blossom, but for the great
ravages of the Hollyhock disease. For the past two
seasons Hollyhocks have been free from its attacks,
and this freedom may be attributed to the greater
care that was taken in preparing the station for the
plants by deep digging and heavy manuring when
digging the ground, and also as a mulching; but
this carefulness has not saved them, and again I
have decided to discontinue growing them for a time.
Change of ground, and of stock, have been tried in
former years, but without avail, and the only thing
now to be done is to give up growing them for a year
or two. I wish those that disparage the cultivation of
single Dahlias, could but see these plants here at the
present time (October 1) ; I think the sight would
dissipate their prejudices. Shelter, good soil, and an
abundant supply of water during the summer months
are the essentials necessary for a good display. There
js, I admit, a dark side to the picture, and that is
that any morning now, we may wake up, and find
that frost has settled them ; this is, however, true of
many other plants besides Dahlias, and preparation
for such a collapse should be made forthwith, by
labelling all plants requiring it, or rather such as it
is intended to save for replanting next year, or for
propagation.

Roses. — The long continued drought, and our in-
ability to afford water them artificially, have blighted
our hopes of a good autumnal display of Roses, and
unfortunately we have much mildew on the plants ;
■hence, as soon as the rain falls in sufficient quantity
to ensure the soil working kindly, transplantation of
the Roses will at once be commenced. This is the
best check which I know of for mildew, and as in our
light soil it is necessary to lift the plants and renew the
soil in the beds each alternate year, the bloom will
be all the finer next year by reason of such early
removal. The trouble attendant on the removal of
suckers (that are very freely produced in our light
soil) from plants grafted on the Brier and Manetti
stocks, has caused me to discontinue planting worked
plants at all, and hitherto the results have been
very satisfactory, there being hardly any variety
which fails to do well on its own roots. When
replanting is finished, a heavy mulch of some kind
■of material is desirable, to prevent injury from frost

or drought, with a vieiv to inducing the early forma-
tion of roots. I give preference to well-decayed
manure, pressed down firmly, and over this, for
neatness sake, as also to baulk the birds, a thick
layer of cocoa-fibre.

General Work.— To preserve the gaiety of the
flower beds for the longest period, carefully remove
dead flowers and foliage. Take off all the cuttings
that are wanted of Pansies and Violas ; the small or
sucker growths that at this season are to be found
in plenty springing from the base of the plants, are
those that should be selected, after which lightly peg
out the flowering shoots, as these may be expected
to continue to flower till the frosts become severe.
It is also time that Calceolarias, Gnaphalium,
and Leucophyton were propagated ; the last-
named is perhaps the most beautiful of all white-
foliaged plants for summer bedding-out, and one
is surprised that it is not more generally planted. I
expect one reason is, that it is bad to propa-
gate ; or rather, I should say, it is considered
to be so, but in reality it is not. It is most
impatient of heat, and only cold-frame treat-
ment suits it.1 The cuttings, when made, are put
into one of these, and pass the winter there when
struck, with only sufficient covering to keep the
mercury above 20°, as a dozen degrees of frost do no
harm. Thence they are planted direct to the beds,
so that the labour they require is of the smallest.
I ought to have said that the cuttings require to be
well pressed into the soil, which should consist of
two parts loam and one of sand. Arrangements
should now be made to get all newly- struck bedding-
plants under cover. Pelargoniums, if kept on the
dry side, will winter in any light structure from
which actual frost is excluded ; but most other soft-
wooded plants like a little heat, and these we place
in vineries, Peach-houses, Pine pits — in fact in any
such place that there may be to spare. Layers of
choiee Carnations and Picotees should be lifted and
potted, and afforded a frame till the spring. Pinks are
hardier, and will winter out-of-doors. W. Wildsmith,
Heckflcld Place, Hants.

Fruits Under Glass.

CoCOMBERS FOR THE WlNTER SrjPPLY. — These,

where just planted, should have good ventilation,
and not an excess of atmospheric moisture, so that
the plants may be kept short-jointed — a temperature
of 70° by night, and 7J3 — S0° by day, with sun and
air, is high enough at this time of the year. Pull
off any female or male blooms that may appear,
the supply of Cucumbers being kept up from other
houses. By removal of flowers now, the strength
of the plants ia reserved for the winter fruits.
Top-dress the plants when the roots appear on
the outside of the hills, putting on just sufficient
chopped turf to cover the roots thinly. I mention
this again, as by an error last month I was made to
say, " not too thinly." Afford clear water when the
plants require it. Plants in bearing, whether in
houses or heated pits and frames, must have the
shoots stopped with regularity, the wood and foliage
well thinned out, and a genial, moist atmosphere
kept up, of 75° by night, and 80° by day, giving
manure-water when the plants seem to require it,
and a damp down on fine afternoons. I generally
keep a few strong plants in pots, and as the late
Melons are cleared out of the houses, &c, I plant
them in their place, treating them liberally with
heat and moisture ; these plants bear well till Christ-
mas, when the houses are prepared for their usual
occupants.

Pines. — If, as was advised last month, the plants
were arranged according to their different ages and
sizes, their treatment will be much simplified, and
succession fruiting rendered more certain. Suckers
may still be potted as they get large enough, and
plunged in a bottom-heat of 90° in a moist atmo-
sphere, till they are rooted. Those suckers which
were potted last month should now have more air
afforded them, so as to keep them dwarf and sturdy,
and the temperature of the pit should be gradually
lowered, and the atmospheric moisture lessened.

The plants intended for starting early next year
should be kept quiet, with a night temperature of
G0° to 65°, and 70° to 75° by day with air when the
weather is bright. Under these conditions, and
with the bottom-heat at 75°, very little moisture
will be necessary, and scarcely any water at the root.
When well and solidly plunged in the bed, I have
kept Pines without water for three months. Any
suckers likely to get pot-bound should be shifted

into somewhat larger pots, and leaving plenty
of space between the plants. A genial growing
temperature should be maintained in houses where
the fruit is swelling, and the plants should be occa-
sionally syringed on fine bright days, and the paths
and the plunging material between the pots damped
down. Manure-water may be afforded the plants
when required. That made from deer or sheep dung
with a little soot-water added, is very good. A day
temperature of 80° to 85° with sun-heat, closing up
early; and a night temperature of 70° to 75° and
bottom-heat 90°, will be suitable. Fruit beginning
to ripen should be kept in a dry and airy house and
fully exposed to the sun, so as to secure excellence
in flavour and colour. Very little water should be
given the plants. W. Bennett, Rangemore, Burton-on-
Trent,

The Hardy Fruit Garden.

— * —

Transplanting and Root-pruning. — This being
the best month of the year for the above kind of
work, it should.be pushed on with all dispatch, so that
it may be brought to an end before the whole of the
foliage falls from the trees. Those trees which may
be growing with too great vigour to be fruitful, and
which may not have been planted a long time,
should have a trench opened around them at a
distance commensurate with their spread of branches.
If this be large, so should the distance from the stem,
so as not to cut through important roots. Keep a
clear trench, so as to be enabled to undermine the
roots, and cut off, or bring up all roots trending
downwards. Let all cuts be made clean, so that
healing may readily take place. If the soil be good
enough, no fresh material or manure need be em-
ployed, but when the work of lifting the roots'.is done,
the staple may be returned over them. In lifting
large trees, the roots should be brought up at various
depths, and some may be placed as near to the sur-
face as 8 inches, and some moderately enriched soil
should be placed about them. In some cases of too
vigorous growth, the roots of Peaches, Nectarines,
and Pears, may b; lifted, and entirely replanted; but
when the trees are Wge ones, it is preferable to per-
form the work of lifting piecemeal, that is, one half
of the roots may be disturbed this season, and the
rest next autumn. After the roots have been covered,
and the soil tramped to a moderate degree of firmness,
it should have a thorough watering ; and should the
weather be bright and warm, the trees may be
syringed daily.

Fruit gathering and storing will now require almost
daily attention. Very late varieties of Apples and
Pears will be better left hanging so long as the
weather will permit. When gathering, care must be
taken to prevent the bruising of the fruit ; and the
small fruits should be kept separate from the finest.
Store Apples in a cool place where the temperature
is regular — and the cooler the better, so long as
frost does not enter the place. Pears must be kept
somewhat warmer, otherwise the flavour will be
poor. H. Markham, Mereworth Castle, Kent.

The Kitchen Garden.

Potatos. — Look over the stores of sets and re-
move all decayed tubers. All Potatos should now be
removed from the ground. Prior to lifting, the
stems should be all pulled up, and carefully burnt to
destroy any germs of disease. Choose dry weather
for lifting and storing if possible. Potatos in full
growth should have frames or other protection placed
over them for another month or six weeks, as the
drier the soil is now kept around the tubers, the
better will be their quality.

Cauliflowers and Autumn Broccoli.— Means must
now be taken to protect these crops in case of a
sharp frost. A very little bracken or litter will be
sufficient to protect them from 10° of frost ; or
the leaves of the plant may be gathered up and tied
up over the head. Only this method entails a good
deal of labour, and the heads are not open to in-
spection. Where too many are turning in at once
they may be lifted, and hung head down in a dry
shed with all the soil possible still adhering to the
roots. Young plants should now be got in under
handlights. The handlights, if 2 feet square, will hold
four plants for remaining permanently, and five for
removing and planting out in the spring. Prick out
later sown batches into cold frames, 3 inches apart
each way. W. M. Baillic, Luton Hoo, Luton.

392

THE GAB EE NEBS' CHBONICLE.

[Octobeb 5, 1889.

Home Correspondence.

^-" Correspondents will greatly oblige by sending early
intelligence of local events likely to be of interest to
our readers, or of any matters which it is desirable to
bring under the notice of horticulturists.
Photographs or drawings of gardens, or of remarkable
plants, flowers, trees', Src, are also solicited.

THE SWEET PEA. — What is there so pretty to look
at and of such delightful perfume, as the Sweet
Pea, and when arranged in a vase with its own
foliage, it is both useful and greatly appreciated.
From the early part of May up to the present time
our Sweet Peas have been covered with bloom. To
prolong their flowering season, the usual plan is to
sow in succession, but for several seasons past I have
successfully adopted a different plan. About six
weeks ago we clipped the rows with the garden
shears, just as any one would a hedge, and the result
was so good, that, I am sure it is well worth the doing
by any one who, like myself, has to meet a large
demand for fragrant flowers. The rows to-day (Sep-
tember 17), are covered with healthy foliage, flowers,
and flowerbuds, and I hope to continue gathering
flowers for some weeks to come. P. Spye.

THE FRUITERERS' COMPANY.— At the City Man-
sion House last week, there were great functions
performed by this Company, a very costly offering
of fruit being laid at the feet of the Lord Mayor, as
some sort of tribute for municipal favours. It was
whispered to me by one who was there, very much as
though it were a terrible secret not to be told in Gath,
but still as evidence of the noble patriotism of the
Fruiterers' Company, that the whole of the fruit was
of home growth. No doubt Lord Mayor Whitehead,
who is favourable to the extension of fruit culture
at home, regarded this rigid exclusion of all foreign
fruit as a compliment ; but the new Lord Mayor,
oddly enough, whilst a member of the Company, is
one of the largest dealers and brokers in foreign
fruits in the city, and next year the present will
hardly assume to Sir Henry Isaacs the form of a
compliment, but would rather be a rebuke to him
were the customary gift limited to home-grown pro-
ductions. The cheap patriotism of to-day would be
esteemed narrow or insular exclusiveness then, and
merely so because the city of London is the greatest
commercial centre of the world, and thrives in com-
mon with the rest of the kingdom on our commerce
with the whole world. It may be patriotic to
help improve our home supplies of fruit, but it would
be absurdly unpatriotic to endeavour in declining
to consume foreign fruits to cripple that commerce
on which at present lingers the prosperity ot the
community. Were it not for foreign fruits, millions
of our people would hardly know the taste of fruit.
That so much comes from abroad should lead us to
rejoice that so much of wholesome pure food is
available and cheap for the masses, whilst it should
also stimulate us to beat the foreigner, if possible,
by growing better at heme. A. D.

GLADIOLI. — There is a difference which I should
like to point out between the plants raised
by Mr. Leichtlin and those exhibited by me.
Mr. Leichtlin crossed G. Saundersianus with some
varieties of G. Gandavensis, and obtained a large
collection of seedling varieties, giving tall vigorous
spikes of large flowers, which were not distributed to
the trade, but which went to a French nurseryman,
who sold them to a large American firm, after having
offered them to English specialists. The Gladioli which
I called Nanceianus, were raised from a cross between
the same G. Saundersianus and the most hardy and
the most blotched varieties of the Lemoinei series.
In this way I retained the fine spotting and markings
of the Saundersii section, adding greater brilliancy
as well as hardiness. V. Lemoine, Nancy.

INTERMEDIATE-HOUSE CLIMBERS.— You were
kind enough, two or three weeks ago, to answer some
inquiries of mine about climbing plants for an inter-
mediate-house, and, in giving me a list, you said, none
would do well in pots. I am, therefore, arranging a
border for them, but I should like just to say
that at Weston Birt, Mr. Holford's place near here,
where the gardens are amongst the finest in the
country, and where there are between thirty and
forty different houses full of the choicest plants, all
in the most exquisite order, I see many climbers,
and amongst them several Bougainvilleas (which I
cannot get to grow properly), growing in the most

luxuriant manner, and of large size, full of flower,
and the picture of health, in pots of about 1G or
18 inches diameter at the top of the pots ; and the
gardener, Mr. Chapman, tells me that he has no
difficulty whatever in growing them in that way.
E. C. L.

THE EMBLEMATICAL FLOWER OF THE U.S.A. —

I note that the American florists at their meeting
discussed the question of a "national flower."
Does that refer to a national emblem similar to the
Shamrock, Rose, and Thistle? [Yes.] I was surprised
to see the panicled Phlox advocated ; that would be
shockingly tame for a go-a-head nation like America.
I would suggest the Kentucky Hemp as a better ; its
affinities to our Nettle would afford such men as
Mark Twain the opportunity of making a good joke
out of other nationalists, by referring to its virulent
properties, and also its utility for lynching. Perhaps
these remarks are quite irrelevant, as the reference does
not, presumably, refer to a national emblem at all.
What are the floral emblems of the various European
nations ? Perhaps someone will mention them through
the pages of the Gardeners' Chronicle. R. W. M.

NARCISSUS TAZETTA.— I send a bloom of Nar-
cissus tazetta, " Scilly white," grown in the open air
at Mr. Bagwell's, Eastgrove, Queenstown Harbour,
the bulbs having actually flowered twice within this
year, 1889. What a whiff of spring it has got about
it, and I do not think in all London you could match
it. W. B. Hart land, Cork.

CHISWICK GARDEN. — May I take up an inch of
your valuable space with the following inquiry? —
Are " mail-carts," and the noisy children who de-
light in them, absolutely essential to the interests of
horticulture? Unless this be so, I cannot under-
stand why they should be allowed to career wildly
about in "the gardens of the Royal Horticultural
Society at Chiswick, to the detriment of the lawns
and gravel walks, and to the discomfort of all quiet
visitors. Misanthrope.

MADDOCKS' KILL WASP. — Maddocks' Kill Wasp
is one of the long looked-for friends to gardeners, in
fact, no gardener ought to send for his seeds without
sending for some bottles of Kill Wasp, as the size
of the garden may seem to require. The foreman
here has taken bushels of wasps this season with six
bottles, and I was obliged to purchase six more, as
we are still finding many strong nests. In using the
fluid you have only to find their hole, and pour in
about a third of a small wine glass, and it will
destroy, without fail, the wasps in the strongest nest.
Chas. Penny, Sandringham. [Mr. Maddocks should
advertise his wares. Ed.]

AUTUMN TINTS. — Many deciduous trees and
shrubs are now assuming beautiful colours, conse-
quent on the bright sunshine of the past summer.
The hardy American Azaleas are extremely beautiful
in their colouring of red, bronzy-red, yellow, &c.
The wild Cherry, several Maples, Beeches, and last,
but not least, the common Bracken (Pteris aquilina),
now fast turning yellow and brown, forms a capital
groundwork for all. For decorative purposes these
coloured leaves are most effective, especially those
of the Azalea, where branches may be used in
large vases with excellent effect. For church deco-
ration they come in useful on harvest festival occa-
sions, making very pretty wreathing intermixed
with wild Clematis, small pieces of the yellow
Bracken, berry-bearing sprays of Sweetbrier, Dog-
rose, &c, and in various other ways. C. H. D.

RECENT FROSTS. — The unexpected arrival of
frost on the night of the 16th ult. caused consider-
able commotion among the nurserymen, florists, and
growers for market, in this district (south-west
Middlesex). On the morning of the 17th ult. I
registered 9° of frost, while on the two following
days there were 7° and 2° respectively ; each night
since the thermometer has fallen to freezing-point,
or slightly below, and on the morning of Septem-
ber 23 there was nearly 4°, with a keen air. Many
things, in consequence, are a total wreck. I may
remark that young Cabbage plants from July-sown
seeds have the appearance of having been boiled ;
the leaves of some autumn Giant Cauliflower, in a
market garden near, have similarly suffered. No
wonder, then, that such things as Tuberoses intended
for late work, with Chrysanthemums, are quite
ruined. Of the latter I had several hundreds of
Boule de Neige, handsome plants in pots, occupying
several beds, which were frozen hard and stiff ; but,

strange to say, the whole lot, excepting about two
dozen, appear to be unharmed ; while others, more
advanced, and with firmer wood and plump buds,
have all the latter blackened. Tomatos out-of-
doors, late Peas, Vegetable Marrows, Scarlet Run-
ners, and all such, were entirely destroyed by the
first frost. Lilies of the speciosum section are also
sufferers. But even here it does not appear to be
generally felt, for I have seen both Dahlias and
Scarlet Runners as fresh and green as ever ; and in
the neighbourhood of Teddington, I hear, no damage
at all was done ; while within 200 yards of where I
write, ice the thickness of a penny was taken from a
rain-water butt on the morning of the 17th ult. J.

FREESIA REFRACTA ALBA. — From seed sown in
March, we have now a small batch of these sweet-
scented bulbous plants nicely in flower, and coming
late in the season they are doubly valuable. They
are very little trouble to grow. The seeds were sown
in pans of rather light sandy soil early in March, and
pricked off into small 60-sized pots as soon as large
enough to handle, and kept rather close for a time,
until fairly rooted, when they were transferred to a cold
frame, and afterwards shifted into 4 and 5-inch pots,
using fibry loam, leaf soil, and a little sand for the
potting soil, care being taken not to water them too
much before getting established. By this simple
mode of treatment, useful pots of bulbs may be h%d
in bloom during August and September. H.

NEW VARIETIES OF POTATOS — The Vegetable
Conference brought into notice some thirty or more
seedling Potatos, samples of which were cooked and
tested by the members of the General Committee,
and others acting as censors, and to all those which
received three marks for quality, Certificates of Merit
%vere given. Of course, in this case, the awards could
be made only for cooked quality. The names of the
favoured varieties have been, or will be, published.
A much larger number received two marks only, and
these in some cases were excellent, but needed just a
little more of cooking, hence suffered in the estima-
tion of the tasters. Specially did some suffer, because
the tubers having been exposed in the strong light of
the conservatory for a couple of days, had become
greenish, and the bitterness or astringency thus
created, was boiled into the flesh, the skins not being
removed. It may be that of those thus given two
marks were some of the most prolific and best disease-
resisters of the whole batch ; but, of course, that
could not well be ascertained . The small number which
received one mark only, shows that we are now pro-
ducing few bad Potatos. The labour of cooking so
many tubers of divers kinds at once, is necessarily
difficult, and as new sorts vary in the time needed
to cook them perfectly, and it is not easy to have
all well served, at the same time. Strong-growing
Potatos often, too, have stronger flavour in the
skins, and it is always important that the skins
should be removed before the boiling, as the astrin-
gent taste saturates the flesh. Potatos properly
peeled and boiled or steamed are a long way superior
in quality and in dryness to those boiled in their
coats ; they are softer, sweeter, and freer from strong
tastes. In the cooked Potato competitions which
are met with sometimes at flower shows, the best
tubers are invariably those peeled before cooking,
whilst their appearance is far more taking than is
that of those cooked in their brown astringent coats.
A.D.

DEEP CULTIVATION. — The importance of deep
stirring of land for the cultivation1 of most garden
crops can scarcely be over-rated, as with it the
feeding area of roots must of necessity be limited
and circumscribed, for as soon as they pass through
that which has been simply dry, they find a hard
bottom through which they cannot pass ; or if they
do manage to penetrate it, they find but little or no
nourishment for them there, the breaking up being
requisite to make it a storehouse, as it were, by
letting in air to the soil, and thus fitting it to absorb
and take up the juices washed from above. These
it is that give staying power to land, for without
deep working of it we may have a rich top spit and a
very poor subsoil, and plants that go off with a rush,
and make quick growth at first, are pulled up sharp
and stopped in their progress directly dry weather
sets in. This is only too apparent in many kitchen
garden crops during summer, when they cannot get
down, as may be seen by the way in which they flag,
which checks growth, thus reducing bulk, and spoil-
ing tenderness and succulency by hardening the
tissues and impairing the flavour. The depth at
which ground should be broken up depends much on

October 5, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

393

its condition, and what it is intended to grow on it,
as some soils will bear deep trenching and stir-
ring, whilst others will not; and if fruit trees
or bushes or Asparagus are to be planted,
it is quite safe to go deeply down, and bring a good
portion of the bottom spit to the top, but in a general
way this should only be done piecemeal, as when
much of it is brought to the surface, seedling plants
will scarcely grow in it, and often die outright
before their roots have found their way through it
into better soil. For trees, Raspberries, fruit bushes,
and Asparagus, the case is different, as these are
planted at some depth below the surface, and are in-
dependent, in a great measure, of the hungry stuff,
and they therefore form excellent preparers of the
land for other crops, the inert soil in a few years
becoming aerated, and made friable by cultivation
and manuring. Onions require considerable depth
of soil, and are benefited by having plenty of manure
worked in below the surface, and if root crops, such
as Beet, Carrots, and Parsnips, get any manure at
all, that is where it should be placed, but for these I
like to dig in a good dressing of soot instead of
manure, as everything depends on having their tap-
roots free from obstruction. For all the Brassicas,
except Broccoli, and for Peas and Scarlet Runners,
trenching is almost a necessity, for, unless the soil
is naturally deep and fairly porous, these plants will
not do well in dry summer. Broccolis having to
stand the winter are best in hard ground, as then a
firmer growth is made, and they bear hard frost
better when their stems are solid than they do if
these and the leaves are sappy. J. S.

Societies.

SOTAL HOKTICULIUEAL.

Sept. 24. — The meetings of the Committees were
held in the Gardens at Chiswick, on Tuesday, the
first day of the Vegetable Conference, referred to
last week. The chief interest being centred in the
Vegetable exhibition, there was little to be attended
to at the committees, and the report of their pro-
ceedings was unavoidably held over from our last
issue for want of space.

Floral Committee.

Present: W. Marshall, Esq., in the Chair, and
Messrs. R. Dean, L. Castle, H. Cannell, B. Wynne,
G. Paul, J. Walker,' E. Hill, S. Hibberd, and F. Moore.

The chief object of notice was a collection of
tuberous Begonias, exhibited by Messrs. H. Can-
nell & Sons, Swanley, Kent. There were both single
and double varieties in delicate tints. The plants
had been raised from seed sown in February last.
Several of the varieties have already received notice
in these columns, but of novelties, certificates were
awarded to Mrs. Moens, orange-red, single, slightly
cupped, round in outline ; and to Frank Beadle,
bright deep scarlet, also a single flower, both of good
substance. Mr. Cannell also had Pelargonium
Black Vesuvius, stated to be a sport from Vesuvius,
it has foliage of a very dark copper-brown colour.
It was referred to Chiswick for trial.

A few plants of zonal Pelargoniums were shown
by Messrs. Lemoine, Nancy, France, and by Mr. J.
R. Pearson, Chilwell, Notts, who had Chas. Mason,
rich scarlet, good truss, and fairly large petals ; and
Radlea, a large truss, deep scarlet.

Mr. G. Stevens, St. John's Nursery, Putney, had
Japanese Chrysanthemum Comte Horace de Choi-
seuil, a reflexed form, white, with a pale yellow
centre ; petals broad.

A seedling of Adiantum macrophyllum came from
Messrs. T. & J. Rogers, Fern Bank Nursery, Lods-
worth, near Petworth ; it showed yellow splashings
on the pinnules, but whether it will prove constant,
is a question. A plant of Cypripedium Lawrencea-
num was also sent.

From the Royal Exotic Nurseries, Chelsea, Messrs.
J. Veitch & Son, sent a box of cut trusses of bloom
of greenhouse hybrid Rhododendrons. A novelty
was seen in Virgil, a large truss, bearing its flowers
up well ; its colour is rich creamy yellow, and the
lobes of the corolla are somewhat bullate. The
stamens are red, and there is the faintest trace of
the same colour at the orifice of the tube. A plant
of Cyrtanthus sanguineus— a very distinct species,
and the most showy of its section, was sent by the
Bame firm ; it is a native of the Transvaal districts,
and was first introduced in 1860. The entire plant
is about 1 foot in height, the flowers bright red,

3 inches long, expanding in the upper portion ;
stamens set in one series in the orifice ; segments of
perianth ovate, borne on a slender green terete
peduncle. The leaves are very narrow — about three
quarters of an inch, and 1 foot in length, of a bright
green colour. The plant shown bore two flowers.

Mr. R. Maher, Yattenden Court, Newbury, sent
half a dozen sports from Mrs. Hawkins, Cactus
Dahlia. Meteor was a peculiar dark orange-red
flushed scarlet; Evening Primrose, pale yellow;
Sappho, orange-scarlet ; and Royal Academician,
crimson-lake.

Fruit Committee.

Present : H. J. Veitch, Esq., in the chair ; and
Messrs. A. H. Pearson, P. Crowley, W. Warren, J.
Burnett, J. Mclndoe, W. Denning, J. Wright, P.
Barr, W. Bates, J. Hudson, G. Wythes, H. Balder-
son, J. Smith, W. Wildsmith, J. Willard, J. Cheal,
Ch. Ross, G. W. Cummins, M. Dunn, and F. Q.
Lane.

Messrs. H. Lane & Son, the Nurseries, Great
Berkhamsted, sent some well cultivated pot Vines,
bearing excellent bunches of fruit, which make very
decorative subjects, the varieties being Alicante,
Black Hamburgh (two), Foster's Seedling, and Gros
Maroc. Seedling Melons were contributed by Messrs.
Palmer, Miller, and C. J. Waite, but were of no
special merit ; and a collection of well grown
Apples and Pears came from Mr. Ch. Edwards,
Newton House, Bickley. New Hawthornden and
Cox's Orange Apples, and Madame Treyve and Pit-
maston Duchesse Pears were conspicuous, and Mr.
Scott, Merriott Nurseries, Crewkerne, Somerset, sent
an extensive lot of creditable examples of favourite
Apples. A new Brussels sprout from Mr. Mclndoe,
Hutton Hall, Guisborough, was submitted. It was
referred to in the report of the Vegetable Conference.

Awards were made as follows : —

By the Floral Committee.
First-class Certificate.
To Cyrtanthus sanguineus, from Messrs. J. Veitch
& Sons.

Awards of Merit.
To Rhododendron Virgil, from Messrs. J. Veitch
& Sons.

To Begonia Mrs. A. Moens, from Messrs. II. Can-
nell & Sons.

To Begonia Frank Beadle, from Messrs. H. Can-
nell & Sons.

Medal.
Silver Banksian for a group of Begonias, from
Messrs. H. Cannell & Sons.

By the Froit Committee.
Medal.
Silver Banksian for Vines in Pots, from Messrs.
II. Lane & Son.

National Vegetable Conference.

In addition to the list of Certificates of Merit pub-
lished last week, the following were also awarded : — ■

To Marrow Moore's Cream, from Messrs. R. Veitch
& Sons.

To Marrow Hibberd 's No. 1, from Royal Horticul-
tural Society.

To Marrow Long White Bush, from Messrs. Vil-
morin, Andrieux & Co.

To Marrow Pen-y-Byd, from Mr. J. Muir.

To Gourd (specimen), from Royal Horticultural
Society.

To Squash Yokohama, from Messrs. Vilmorin,
Andrieux & Co.

To Tomato Ham Green Favourite, from Royal
Horticultural Society.

To Tomato Advancer, from Koyal Horticultural
Society.

To Tomato Golden Queen, from Royal Horticul-
tural Society.

To Tomato Ham Green Favourite, from J. Veitch
& Sons.

To Tomato Golden Queen, from Messrs. J. Veitch
& Sons.

To Tomato Tennis Ball, from Royal Horticultural
Society.

To Tomato Perfection, from Mr. W. Poupart.

To Tomato Perfection, from Mr. R. Dean.

To Endive Broad-leaved Batavian, from Messrs.
Vilmorin, Andrieux & Co.

To Endive Improved Kound-leaved Batavian,
from Messrs. Vilmorin, Andrieux & Co.

To Parsley Myatt's Curled, from Mr. R. Dean.

To Witloef Chicorv, from Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons.

To Turnip Snowball, from Messrs. J. Veitch &
Sons.

To Carrot Early very short French Horn, from
Messrs. Vilmorin, Andrieux & Co.

To Carrot Red Intermediate, from Mr. J. Lye.

To Carrot Sutton's Early Gem, from Mr. J. Lye.

To Carrot Long Red St. Valery, from Messrs. Vil-
morin, Andrieux & Co.

To Carrot Carter's Scarlet Perfection, from Mr. W.
Chettleburgh.

To Parsnip Improved Hollow-crowned, from
Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons.

To Parsnip Hollowed-crowned, from Mr. W.
Poupart.

To Salsafy, from Mr. R. Smith.

To Celery Aylesburv Prize Red, from Mr. H.
Deverill.

To Pea Ne plus Ultra, from Mr. J. H. Goodacre.

To Pea Carter's Stratagem, from Mr. J. II. Good-
acre.

To Bean Ne plus Ultra, from Mr. H. Deverill.

To Bean Canadian Wonder, from Mr. G. Wythes.

To Bean Mohawk, from Mr. G. Wythes.

To Bean Jubilee Runner, from Mr. C. J. Waite.

To Beet Cheltenham Green-top, from Messrs.
Harrison & Sons.

To Beet Cheltenham Green-top, from Mr. W.
Poupart.

To Beet Cheltenham Green-top, from Mr. F.
Taylor.

To Beet Cheltenham Green-top, from Mr. G.
Wythes.

To Beet Middleton Hall Favourite, from Mr. H.
Deverill.

To Beet Carter's Turnip-rooted, from Messrs. J.
Carter & Co.

To Carrot Guerande, from Messrs. Vilmorin, An-
drieux & Co.

To Carrot Sutton's Gem. from Mr. J. Lambert.

To Pepper Capsicum Golden Queen, from Messrs.
Vilmorin, Andrieux & Co.

To Pepper Capsicum Large Bell, from Messrs.
Vilmorin, Andrieux & Co.

To Chou de Burghley, from Mr. R. Gilbert.

To Cabbage Early Flat White Drumhead, from
Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons.

To Cabbage Hardy Green Colewort, from Mr.
W. Poupart.

To Cabbage Rosette, from Mr. W. Poupart.

To Cabbage Dutch Red, from Mr. R. Gilbert.

To Savoy Dwarf Green Curled, from Mr. W. G.
Gilbert.

To Kale German Dwarf Scotch, from Mr. H.
Hanan.

To Kale Green Dobbie's Selected, from Messrs.
Dobbie & Co.

POTATOS.

To Hughes' Perfection, from Mr. J. Hughes.

To Sutton's Reading Russet, from Mr. J. Hughes.

To Sutton's Reading Ruby, from Mr. E. S.
Wiles.

To Prolific, from Mr. E. S. Wiles.

To Reading Giant, from Mr. E. S. Wiles.

To Sutton's Magnum Bonnm, from Mr. E. S.
Wiles.

To The Dean, from Mr. J. Lye.

To Beauty of Hebron, from Mr. J. Lye.

To Edgcote Early, from Mr. E. S. Wiles.

To Edgcote Beauty, from Mr. E. S. Wiles.

To Carter's King of Russets, from Messrs. Carter
&Co.

For any new named seedling, six tubers, to be
supplied for cooking : —
To Conference, from Mr. R. Dean.
To The Gentleman, from Mr. R. Maher.
To Victorious, from Mr. T. Laxton.
To The Cottager, from Mr. R. Maher.

SCOTTISH HORTICULTURAL
ASSOCIATION.

The ordinary monthly meeting of this Association
took place in 5, St. Andrew Square, Edinburgh, on
the 1st inst., Mr. James Greive, Pilrig Nurseries, in
the chair. Mr. P. H. Fairgreive, Dunkeld Gardens,
read a paper on the " Cultivation of Hardy Stone
Fruits." The paper dealt with the subject in a
thorough practical way, and covered in a succinct
manner the whole ground.

There were some very interesting exhibits tabled.
From Mr. Henry Reynard, Ardenclutha, Hamilton,
came a very notable double-flowered tuberous Be-
gonia, salmon-rose in colour, remarkable for the
enormous size of the flowers, about 4 inches across.

394

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[October 5, 1889.

and their perfect Rose-like symmetry. To it was
awarded a First-class Certificate. Mr. John Downie
also exhibited numbers of single flowered tuberous
Begonias, which were much admired, including two
which were remarkable for their whiteness and sub-
stance of the flowers. Mr. Henderson, Clerwood Cor-
storphine, exhibited some excellent blooms of Chry-
santhemum Sam Henshaw. From Mr. Steward,
The Gardens, Brayton Hall, Cumberland, came two
fine specimens of cones of Cycas circinalis, each
cone being about 14 inches long. The same exhi-
bitor also sent excellent samples of Dumelow's
Seedling and Warner's King Apples. Messrs. Meth-
ven & Sons set up fine samples of Chrysanthemum
blooms.L'Africaine, BaronnedePrailly, Charles Wag-
staff, Madame Lacroix, and Duchess of Buccleuch
being the most meritorious flowers. To the last-
named was awarded a First-class Certificate. It was
the first bloom that had been exhibited in this
country. The variety was raised at Dalkeith from
seeds received by Mr. M. Dunn from Mr. G. McClure,
of New York. It belongs to the Japanese section,
and is of great size and substance, and very distinct,
the colour creamy-white.

The Secretary, Mr. Robertson Munro, adverted to
the peculiarly melancholy death of Mr. Fraser, gar-
dener at Ardarroch, Garelochhead, and a member
of the Association. It was resolved that the
Association should send a letter of condolence to
Mrs. Fraser, and also to Mr. White.

Law Notes

ACTION FOR SEEDS.

In the City of London Court on Saturday, before
Mr. H. Eardley-Wilmot, the Deputy Judge, the case
of Legerton v. Harrison was tried. The plaintiff,
Mr. Alfred Legerton, wholesale seed merchant, of
5, Aldgate, E.C., sought to recover the sum of
£3 17s. 9d. for seeds supplied to the defendant, Mr.
Richard Harrison, retail seed merchant, of 77,
Halbeck Lane, Leeds.

Mr. E. B. Tattershall appeared for the defendant.

The plaintiff said for some years he had supplied
seeds wholesale to the defendant, who retailed them
in Leeds. In August last year the defendant asked
him to send in a special list of prices for competition
with other firms, which he did. Amongst them were
two items of Peas, McLean's Little Gem being
quoted at 16s., and American Wonder at 18s. These
prices the defendant accepted, but the next day —
August 22 — the plaintiff telegraphed the defendant,
" present price of Little Gem, 1 guinea ; American
Wonder, 30s. All Peas rising fast." The follow-
ing day he sent him another message, " My offer
only open for reply by wire to-day ; prices rising,
Danic prevailing.'' The defendant's reply was that
he accepted the plaintiff's offer, and during the
season several parcels of seeds were ordered and
delivered, including the Peas in question, amounting
in all to £48. When the account was sent in, the
defendant said he did not accept any other than the
plaintiffs offer in his estimate, and accordingly
refused to pay, this action being brought.

The defendant said he gave several orders for the
Peas in dispute, and did not rectify the mistakes in
the invoices, because it was customary in the seed
trade to make all corrections at the end of the season
when the final statement was delivered.

The learned Deputy Judge was of opinion the
plaintiff's prices as increased in the telegrams were
accepted by defendant, because he did not repudiate
them. He must therefore find for plaintiff, and gave
judgment accordingly, with costs.

The Weather.

and at some of the south-western English stations it
has been fair. Over the eastern parts of England the
rainfall has been heavy.

"The temperature has again been below the mean
in all districts, the deficit having ranged from 1° in
' Ireland, S.,' to 4° in ' Scotland, N.,' and to 5° in
' England, E.' The highest of the maxima which
were generally recorded on the 27th, varied from
61° in the north and west of Scotland and the north
of Ireland to 07° in ' England S.' The lowest of the
minima were registered during the earlier days of
the period, and varied from 28° to 33° iu Scotland,
from 34° to 35° in Ireland, and from 31° to 35°
over England. In the ' Channel Islands,' the lowest
reading was 43°.

" The rainfall has been more than the mean in
' England, E.,' and ' England, N.W.,' and about equal
to it over north-eastern England, and the north of
Ireland, but in all other districts it has been less ;
over the south-west of England, the south of Ireland,
and in the ' Channel Islands,' the fall has been very
slight.

Bright sunshine has been less prevalent than it was
last week in nearly all places, the percentage of the
possible amount oi duration having ranged from 18°
in ' England, E.,' and Scotland, N.,' to 32° in 'Eng-
land, N.W.,' 41° in the ' Channel Islands,' and 42°
in ' Scotland, W.' "

THE PAST WEEK.

The following snmmary record of the weather for
the week ending September 30, is furnished from the
Meteorological Office : —

" The weather has continued in an unsettled condi-
tion over Scotland, the greater part of England, and
jn the north of Ireland, but in the south of Ireland

fEY the term "accumulated temperature" is meant a figure
representing the aggregate amount, a9 well as the dura-
tion, of the excess or defect of temperature above or below
42° Fahr. for the period named ; and this combined result
is explained in Day-degrees — a " Day- degree " signifying
1° continued for twenty-four hours, or any other number
of degrees for an inversely proportional number of hours.]

Temperature.

Rainfall.

Bright
Sun.

Accumulated.

k 1 «J

5 3 -

*-s -

O 9 U

2s a

q a*1

8
Sag

Eg ■

— a,

Si!*

S M

01
H3

S =

41 OO

3 „

°5 a

^ a

0-M

3.|j

° w

o °

% 8,3

m o

a ci

g.2

a a

■<

-n***

■4

Day-

lOths

In.

deg.

Inch.

4 —

+ 172

+ 10

180

30.1

3 —

- 3

+ 12

4 —

145

19.4

3 —

— 8

+ 11

0 av.

133

17.6

5 —

- 37

4- 120

9 +

138

20.1

3 —

— 34

+ 67

3 —

128

21.7

3 —

+ 8

+ 75

1 —

129

17.6

3 —

+ 33

— 22

4 —

163

29.5

3 —

+ 34

— 1

1 +

139

23.2

2 —

— 66

+ 87

9 -

138

24.3

2 —

+ 37

— 53

Oav.

171

28.1

1 —

+ 11

— 14

8 —

151

26.3

+ 91

— 16

7 -

144

18.1

The districts indicated by number in the first column ara
the following : —

Principal Wheat-producing Districts — 1, Scotland, N. ;
2. Scotland, E. ■ 3, England. N.E. ; 4, England, E. ;
5. Midland Counties ; 6, England, S.
Principal Grazing $c.t Districts — 7, Scotland, W. ; S,
England, N.W. ; 9, England. S.W.; lu, Ireland, N. ;
11, Ireland, S. ; 12, Channel Islands.

MARKETS.

COJIZNT GARDEN, October 3.

Trade vpry quiet; no alteration. James Webber,
Wholesale. Apple Market.

Vegetables.— Average Retail Prices.

Fruit.— Average Wholesale Prices.

s. d. s, d.

Beans, Fr., per lb. ... 0 4- ...
Beet, red, per dozen 10-20
Carrots, per bunch... 0 6- ...
Cauliflowers, each ... 0 3- ...
Celery, per bundle ... 1 6- 2 0
Cucumbers, each ... 0 6-09
Endive, per dozen ... 2 0- ...
Green Mint, bunch... 0 4- ...
Herbs, per bunch ... 0 4- ...
Leeks, per bunch ... 0 3- ...
Lettuce, per dozen... 1 6- ...

i. d. s. d.

Mushrooms, punnet 2 0- ...
Mustard and Cress,

punnet 0 4r ...

Onions, per bunch ... 0 5- ...
Parsley, per bunch... 0 4- ...
Peas, per quart ... 1 3- ...
Shallots, per lb. ... 0 6- ...
Spinach, perbushel... 2 6- ...
Tomatos, per lb. ... 0 9- ...
Turnips, per bunch,

new 0 5- ...

Apples, ^-sieve
Cobs, per cwt.
Filberts, per lb.
Grapes, per lb.

s. d. s. d.

... 16-56
,..100 0- ...
.. 0 10- ...
,.. U 6- 2 6

Lemons, per case... 21 0-45 0

s. d. s. d.

Peaches, per doz. ... 4 0-80
Pine-apples, Eng., lb. 16-30
— St. Michael, each 2 0-60
Plunis, i-sieve ... 2 6-50

Plants in Pots.— Average Wholesale Prices.

Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6
Asters, per dozen ... 4
Begonias, dozen ... 4
Chrysanth., dozen ... 6
Cyperus, per dozen . 4
Dracrena terminalis,

per dozen 30

— viridis, per doz. 12
Ericas, various, doz. 8
Euonymus, in var.,

per dozen 6

Evergreens, in var.,

per dozen 6

d. s.d.
0-18 0
0-8 0
0-12 0
0-10 0
0-12 0

0-60 0
0-24 0
0-18 0

0-18 0

0-24 0

Ferns, in var., doz.

Ficus elastica, each .

Foliage plants, vari-
ous, each «

Fuchsias, dozen ...

Hydrangea, per doz.

Marguerites, doz. ...

Mignonette, doz. ... J

Palms in var., each 2

Pelargoniums, scar-
let, per dozen ... 2

Solanums, per dozen 6

d.s.d.
0-18 0
6-7 0

0-10 0
0-6 0
0-18 0
0-12 0
0-6 0
6-21 0

0-4 0

0-12 0

Cut Flowers.— Average Wholesale Prices.

Abutilons, 12 bun. ...
Asters, English, bun.
Bouvardias, per bun.
Callacethiopica,12bl.
Camellias, 12 blooms
Carnations, I'A bun.

— 12 blooms
Chrysanth., 12 bun.
Chrysanth., 12 blms.
Cornflowers, 12 bun.
Dahlias, 12 bun. ...
Eucharis, per dozen
Gaillardias, 12 bun.
Gardenias, 12 blooms
Gladioli, 12 bun. ...

— 12 sprays
Heliotropes, 12 spr.
Lilium, var., 12 bl....

s. d. s. d.

2 0-40
4 0-80
0 6-09

3 0-60

4 0-90
10-20
3 0-90
0 6-30
10-30

2 0-40

3 0-60
2 0-40
2 0-40
6 0-12 0
10-16
0 3-06
2 0-60

Marguerites. 12 bun. 3
Maiden Hair Fern,

12 bun 4

Mignonette, 12 bun. 1
Pelargoniums, 12 spr. 0

— scarlet, 12 spr.... 0
Primulas, double, 12

sprays 0

Roses, Tea, per doz. 0

— coloured, dozen. 2

— red.perdozen ... 0

— Safrano, dozen... 0
Stephauotis, 12 spr. 3
Sunflowers, various,

per 12 bun. ... 3

Sweet Sultan, 12 bun. 3
Sweet Peas, 12 bun. 2
Tuberoses, 12 bims.... 0

d. s. d.
0-6 0

0-9 0
0-4 0
6-10
3-0 6

9-10
6-16

0-«l 0
4- 1 0
6- 1 0
0-6 0

0-6 0
0-4 0
0-4 0
4- 1 0

Orchid bloom in variety ; fairly good supply, for this time
of year.

SEEDS.

London: Oct. 2. — Messrs. John Shaw & Sons,
seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane, London, write
that there were but few buyers on to-day's market.
Clover seeds do not meet with attention ; large
crops everywhere, and low prices, seem to be the
universal rule. For Trifolium the sowing demand
is nearly at an end. In Mustard and Rapeseed there
is no alteration. Winter Tares have now reached
so low a figure that they are being bought specula-
tively for holding over. There is rather more inquiry
for Blue Peas. Haricot Beans are dearer. In bird-
seeds there is no change. Mustard and Rapeseed
move off slowly on former terms.

FRTJITS AND VEGETABLES.

Spitalfields : Oct. 2. — English Apples, 2s. 6il. to
5s. per bushel; Pears, 2s. to 2s. 9d. per half-sieve;
English Tomatos, 3s. to 4s. per 12 lb. ; Foreign
Tomatos, Is. to Is. 9d. per box ; Damsons, 4s. to
4s. 6d. per half-sieve ; Pruen Plums, 3s. Qd. to 4s. 6d.
do. ; Cabbages, 2s. to 3s. per tally ; Greens, 2s. 6d. to
4s. do. ; Cauliflowers, Is. per dozen ; Vegetable
Marrows, 3s. to 4s. per tally; Spinach, Is. 6d. to 2s.
per bushel ; Brussels Sprouts, Is. Gd. to 2s. per half-
sieve ; Seakale, Is. to Is. fW. per punnet ; Turnips,
2s. to 3s. per dozen bunches ; Carrots, Is. &1. to 2s.
do. ; Parsley, Is. to Is. 6d. do. ; Mint, Is. to Is. 6d. do. ;
Cos Lettuce, 8d. to Is. per score ; Leeks, 2s. per
dozen ; Endive, Is. to Is. 6<Z. do. ; Horse Radish, Is. to
Is. 3d. per bundle ; Celery, 8d. to Is. do. ; Mustard and
Cress, Is. to Is. Gd. per dozen, baskets ; English
Onions, 5s. per cwt. ; Belgian Onions, 3s. Od. to 4s.
per bag of 110 lb. ; Dutch Onions, 3s. 9d. to 4s. 3d.
do. ; Spanish Onions, 5s. to 6s. per case ; frame
Cucumbers, 2s. to 2s. Gd.. per dozen ; natural do.,
Gd. to lOd. do. ; Turnips, 45s. to 50s. per ton ;
Carrots, 22s. to 32s. do.

POTATOS.

Potato.* are about the same price as previously quoted.
Trade better. J. B. Thomas.

Borough and Spitalfields: Oct. 1. — Fair arrivals
and about steady prices. Early Rose, 40s. to 50s. ;
Regents, 55s. to 75s. ; Hebrons, 60s. to 80s. ; Mag-
num Bonums, 45s. to 70s. ; Imperators, 45s. to 65s.
per ton.

Spitalfields: Oct. 2. — Quotations: — Hebrons,
65s. to 85s. ; Magnums, 45s. to 65s. ; Regents, 60s.
to 90s. ; Imperators, 60s. to 85s. per ton.

Stbatford : Oct. 1. — Quotations : — Hebrons,
60s. to 80s. ; Elephants, 55s. to 70s. ; Regents, 55s.
to 70s. ; Magnums, light land, 55s. to 70s. ; do.,
dark. 45s. to 50«. per ton.

October 5, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

395

Enquiries.

Canary Islands. — Will any of our correspondents
kindly furnish a Constant Reader with the names
and addresses of nurserymen in the Isles ; also the
title and address of publisher of the newspaper which
has the best circulation there ?

Notices to Correspondents.

« —

A Collection ov Herbs : J. B. If the schedule of
the Society had contained the words " pot," or
" flavouring," we think that no one of the com-
petitors would have thought of including Shallots,
Carrots, Turnips, Celery, Horseradish, Onions,
and Leeks. Many schedules err in the matter of
vagueness, and are in that way productive of much
misunderstanding amongst exhibitors.

Awards at the Vegetable Conference : C. 4" Co.
Our list was official, and furnished by the Society.
If there is an error you should call the attention
of the authorities to the matter.

Books: J. R. Art of Grafting and Budding, by
Baltet. Published at 37, Southampton Street,
Strand. W.C. — J. W. M. There are many Garden
Manuals, two of the best of recent date are Villa
Gardening, by Hobday. (Macmillan & Co.). — The
Garden Calendar, by T. W. Sanders. (Hamilton,
Adams, & Co., Paternostor Row). Price 2s. 6d.

Ferns : W. Miller. There are about 2500 species of
Ferns.

Fruit Growing : D. The best time of year to start
would be the present ; which might be utilised in
draining the land, if necessary, digging, or trench-
ing the ground, preparatory to planting in Feb-
ruary or March . The West Coast of Scotland, if
the land he sheltered from westerly winds, would
suit. We scarcely understand your term Southern
Coasts of Scotland, unless you mean that portion
of Fifeshire which borders the Frith of Forth.
The East Coast is cold and late, but good crops
are sometimes got there if the garden is near the
coast, and there is shelter from the wind in the
conformation of the surface, or in the form of Fir,
or mixed plantations.

Great Cape Hyacinth: S. G. The plant meant
was probably Galtonia (Hyacinthus) candicans,
which grows to a height of 4 feet.

Insects : A. H. Yes, weevils. Trap them with
pieces of Carrot, and go round with a light at
night. See p. 367 of our last issue, "Peach Leaves
Eaten by Insects."

Hibiscus sinensis: Young Gardener. The semi-
double Hibiscus seems to be a good thing, but the
flowers were quite shrivelled when we received
them. '

Mealy-bug: E. W. W. Wash all woodwork with
carbolic soap, lime-wash the walls, take away the
upper crust of soil, gravel, &c. ; wash the plants
with Gishurst soap in the proportion of 2 oz. of
soap per gallon of water for tender plants, and
more for hardier plants, up to 4 oz. per gallon for
the Vines, &c, in a resting state. Do this work
once yearly, besides keeping a keen outlook for
the bug during the summer, and wherever it is
observed touch it with a small brush dipped in
methylated spirit.

Names of Fruits : Hope. 1 and 3, not recognised ;
2, Manks' Codlin (culinary) ; 4, Ilambledon Deux
Ans ; 5, Franklin's Golden Pippin; G, Adams'
lVarmain. — E. A. Apple: Striped Beefing; Pears:

1, BeurnS d'Amanlis ; 2, Beurre Clairgean ; 3,
Bearre' Hardy.— Without letter, from TbUesfoury.
Pear: Fondante d'Automne ; Apples: 1, Small's
Admirable; 2, Adams' Pearmain ; 3, Bedfordshire
Foundling. — -V. Y. Z. Pears: 1, Alexandre
Lambre ; 3 and 4, Hughes' Bergamot; Applet:

2, Northern Greening ; 3, Bess Pool ; 4, Claygate
1'earmain ; 5, Peasgood's Nonsuch ; 6, Duck's-
bill.— H. Rogers. Probably Scarlet Russet.— J. T.
1, bruised past recognition ; 2, Peach, Walburton
Admirable ; 3, Apple, Cox's Orange Pippin ; 4,
Pear, Chaumontelle. — N. B. Aster diffusus var.
horizontalis.

Names of Plants : J. M. Goodyera repens - very
rare. Please send a specimen in flower, next year,
if possible; Linniea boreal is ; Salvia verbenaca ;
Hooker's Student's Flora (MacMillan), last edition.
— T. H . 1,2, 3. 4, all varieties of Chrysanthemum
carinatum ; 5, C. segeturo. — F.. C, L. Acer plata-

noides (Norway Maple). — G. R. 1, Chrysanthe-
mum uliginosum ; 2, Aster Herveyi ; 3, Gera-
nium molle. — ./. ./. 1, Choisya ternata ; 2, Ar-
butus unedo. — E. E. Gongora cassidea. — G. W.
Centaurea nigra (Knap-weed). — W. S. C. P., Corn-
wall. 1, Gnaphalium dioicum ; 2, Lobelia excelsa ;
3, Arnica Chamissonis ; 4, Anthemis tinctoria ; 5,
Matthiola incana (send again in mature fruit) ; 6,
Arabis procurrens ; 7, Cnicus monspeliensis. — J.
B. 1, Berberis vulgaris ; 2, Symphorocarpus
racemosus ; 3, Biota orientalis var. ; 4, 5, next
week ; 6, Leycesteria formosa.

Parsnip, &c. : T. H. There are mites in the root,
" miners " in the leaf, and indications of bad culti-
vation generally. Pears next week.

Potatos — 134 lb. on 92 feet Run of Rows : C. R.
A good crop ; not a heavy one for garden ground.

Roses for Cutting in Summer : W. F. S. Get
them on their own roots ; not that they grow
any better, as a rule, in that way, but because
you are not so much troubled with root-suckers,
which are also root-weakeners. Moreover, if frost
should kill the Roses to the ground level, the
up-springing shoots will still be those of the
variety planted, and not those of a Brier. The
best Roses to supply cut flowers in summer
are : — The Provence Roses, such as La Reine de
Provence, Unique Provence, Rose de Meaux,
Crested Provence; Moss Roses in variety. InFrench
Roses there are Letitia, Duchess of Buccleuch,
Napoleon, Prince Regent, Due de Valmy. Some
fine crimson French Roses are found in Boule
de Nanteuil, DAguesseau, Kean, Latour d'Au-
vergne, Ohl, Schonbrunn, Triomphe de Janssens,
I lillet Parfait, Perle des Panachees ; and Tricolor
de8 Flandres should not be omitted. Hybrid
China Roses bloom in summer, and there are many
beautiful varieties worthy of being planted ; but
not so much as bedders, as for pillars, arches,
&c, we mention Brennus, Chenedole, Blairii. In
hybrid Bourbon Roses, there are Paul Ricaut,
Chas. Lawson, Coupe d'Heb<5, Chas. Duval, Paul.
Perras, Gloire de Kosami'ne, a Bourbon rose,
makes a good bed. Some Damask Roses, as
York and Lancaster, Madame Zoutman, Madame
Hardy, and La Ville de Bruxelles might be em-
ployed. Tea-scented Roses should be planted, but
the soil must be well prepared, deep and warm ;
and if you like to plant hybrid perpetuals, the
flowering period will be lengthened. Make any
selection you please from nursery lists of these
last two classes, choosing only such as are re-
puted hardy, are compact yet vigorous in habit
(some are fit only for a wall or fence), and good
bloomers. Fellenbtrg Noisette, Madame Desprez,
Crimson Bedder, and General Simpson, make
good beds, where effects in mass are required ; but
the flowers are not particularly good for cutting,
and are not fragrant.

Ventilation of Orchid Houses : Silva. The scale
of temperatures given in the Gardeners' Chronicle,
every month, should be a good guide to the regu-
lation of the ventilators in all the Orchid houses,
summer and winter, as it is there intended to give
a basis on which both heating and ventilation
should be regulated. In winter, the bottom
ventilator should be more freely used than the top
ones, but observation is necessary before a correct
adjustment, without causing draughts, can be
attained ; as a rule, 2 inches at bottom, and 1 inch
at top are safe. Generally speaking, as soon as the
thermometer registers the required temperature
in the morning, the ventilators should be opened
and kept open as long as the temperature is main-
tained, or partly closed, as may be deemed advis-
able, the shutting up being done as late as it
conveniently can be, and a small opening— say, the
eighth of an inch— left in the bottom ventilatnrs all
night.

Communications Received. —J. l.-a. b.— t. h.— constant

Reader.— 0. Uiindy.— Bnssey.— F. K. & Co — W. D.— Journal
of Horticulture.— N. E. B.— W. H.— J. Hughes.— O. Paul.—
.7. D.— F. R.— H. Evershed.— .T. S.— A. R. C— G. Nottage
(thanks).-H. L.— Sir .1. M.— J. H, L.— E. J.— H. T.

©ijttuarg.

THOMAS WRIGHT. — There passed away, on the
25th nit., at the age of sixty-one years, Thos.
Wright, of Sidney Place, Cork. He was a member
of the Society of Friends, a distinguished botanist
and pteridologist, and a large contributor to the
flora of co. Cork (Allin). He was found dead in his
bed on the morning of the 25th tilt.

f^ENUINE GARDEN REQUISITES,

VJ , as supplied to Royal Gardens, &c.

SPECIAL TTE TOBACCO PAPER, the best and strongest in
the market, lod. per lb., 281b. for 21s.

SELECT ORCHID PEAT. 8s. per sack, 5 for 35s.

SOILS and MANURES of finest quality, and GENERAL
SUNDRIES. Price List free.

W. HERBERT and Co., Hop Exchange Warehouses, South-
wark Street, London, S.E.

ORCHID PEAT, best quality; BROWN
FLBROUS PEAT for Stove and Greenhouse use. RHO-
DODENDRON and AZALEA PEAT. Samples and Prices to
WALKER and CO., Farnborough, Hants.

ROLL TOBACCO PAPER, CLOTH and
CORD, reliable quality, cheap prices, to suit the times.—
LINDSAY and CO., Tobacco Manufacturers, Edinburgh.
Wanted, a Responsible Agent for London and Suburbs.

BEESON'S MANURE.— The Best and
Cheapest Fertiliser for all purposes. Write for Circular
containing the Leading Gardeners' and Market Growers'
Reports. Sold in Tins, Is., 2s. Gd., 5s. 6a?., and 10s. 6d. each,
or 1 cwt. Bags, sealed, 13s. By all Seedsmen, or apply direct to
W. H. BEESON, Carbrook Bone Mills, Sheffield.

EFFECTIVE, SAFE & ECONOMICAL.

iiiiHiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniuiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiitiiiiiii

IMPROVED & ONLY GENUINE

MEDICATED TOBACCO PAPER

(READY CUT UP FOB USE),

REDITED PRICE, 1/6 per lb.

28 lbs. mill upwards — Cnrrin^c Paid.

Parcels for trial, sent Free by Parcels Post, viz: —
2 lbs. 3,4, 4 lbs. 6 8, 6 lbs. 9 9, 8 lbs. 13/-, 10 lbs. 16-

Dicksons Improved Fumigating Pan

Is vastly superior to any other. jr^y^>.

PKICE in Iron C G, or in Copper, 21 - r^~ ^Wh

Dicksons

(Limited)

Chester.

f^\ ISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading

VX Gardeners since 1859 against Red Spider, Mildew,
Thrips, Green Fly, and other Blight. 1 to 2 ounces to the
gallon of soft-water ; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines
and Orchard-house Trees; and in lather from the cake against
American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended
to supersede it. Boxes, Is., 3s., and 10s. 6d.

GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on
wet ground. Boxes, 6d. and Is., from the Trade.
Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY
(Limited). London.

STOVES.

Terra-Cotta ! Portable ! For Coal !

ROBERTS'S PATENT (IMPROVED),

for Greenhouses, Bedrooms, &c.

GREENHOUSES Heated 24 Hours for about One Penny.

without attention. ROBERTS'S PATENT TERRA-COTTA

STOVES for COAX give pure and ample heat with common

coal, or coal and coke. For Greenhouses, Bedrooms, &e.

Pamphlets, Drawings, and authenticated Testimonials sent.

See in use at Patentee's,

THOMAS ROBERTS,

3 4, Victoria Street, Westminster, S.W.

ANTHRACITE COAL.

Universally acknowledged the best fuel for Horticultural

purposes. For lowest quotations apply—

E T. RUSSELL. AND CO., lill.W'hnrfdole Road, King's Cross, N.

Established 1846.

SIX CABINET PORTRAITS, 3«. ; three for 2s.
Twelve Carte Portraits, is. Id.; six for Is. id. Eight-
inch Enlargement. St.; three for tf!. Send Carte or Cabinet
and Postal Order, and you will promptly receive Highly-
finished Copies, with Original.

FRANCIS AND CO.. 29, Ludgate Hill, London, EX .

CARSON'S PAINT

Patronised by 16.C00 of the Nobility, Gentry,
and Clergy, for all kinds of

OUTDOOR WORK, CONSERVATORIES,

Greenhouses, Frames, &c.
1 Cwt., and Oil Mixture, Free to all Stations.

Liquid Non-Poisonous Pniuts for Inside of Conservatories, &c.
" Prices, Patterns, and Testimonials, Post-free.

LA BELLE SAUVAGE YARD, LUDGATE HILL. B.C.
BACHELOR'S WALK. DUBLIN.— DitmvKt ihr fti*.

396

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[October 5, 1889.

w. h. LASCELLES & go.,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS,

121, BUNHILL ROW,

LONDON, E.G.

CONSERVATORIES,

GREENHOUSES,
ORCHID HOUSES,

VINERIES,
PEACH HOUSES, &c.

Plans and Estimates Free.

BOULTON & PAUL,

HORTICULTURAL
BUILDERS,

NORWICH.

No. 73.— SPAN-ROOF GARDEN FRAME.

This is a very strong and handy Frame, 14 inches high
at the sides, and 27 inches at the ridge. The Lights turn
quite over, are fitted with set-opes and stays, and are Glazed
with 21-oz. English glass, and painted four times.

Length. Width.

1 Light Frame, 4 ft. by 6 ft. \ , £2 17 6

2 „ „ 8 „ by 6 „ Cash ! 4 7 6

3 „ „ 12 „ by 6 „ ( Prices. 15 17 6

4 „ „ 16 „ by 6 „ (Carriage1! 7 7 6

5 „ „ 20 „ by 6 „ Paid. 8 17 6

6 „ „ 24 „ by 6 , ,1 y 10 7 6

CAKRIAGE paid to any station in England and Wales,
to Dublin, Cork, Derry, Glasgow, and Edinburgh, or stations
equivalent. CATAL0GUES POST-FREK

IKMiRUSBEiai

M. E. HORLEY,

Horticultural Works, Toddington,
Beds.

PATENT PORTABLE SPAN-ROOF

GREENHOUSES,

Requiring no brickwork, constructed of
the best red deal, painted, and 21-oz.'glass.
8 ft. long by 6 ft. wide, £5 10 0
10 ft. Jong by 8 ft. wide, 8 0 0
) 2 ft. long by 9 ft. wide, 10 5 o
15 ft. long by 10 ft. wide, 12 0 0
20 ft. long by 10 ft. wide, 15 0 0
30 ft. long by 10 ft. wide. 22 0 0
Testimonial. — "Miss Gibson has re-
ceived the Greenhouse (15x10 feet. £12),
and is very pleased with it. — The White
House, Ongar, Essex. August 30, 1889."

Illustrated CATALOGUE Free.

R. HALLIDAY & CO.,

HOTHOUSE BUILDERS and HOT-WATER ENGINEERS,

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER.

Vineries, Stoves, Greenhouses. Peach Houses, Forcing Houses, &c, constructed on our improved plan, are the
perfection of growing houses, and for practical utility, economy, and durability cannot be equaUed. We only do one class of work,
and that the vert best.

Plans, Estimates and Catalogues free. Customers waited on in any part of the Kingdom.

Our Maxim is and always has been —

MODERATE CHARGES. FIRST-CLASS WORE. THE BEST MATERIALS.

FAWKES' SLOW-COMBUSTION

HEATINC APPARATUS.

Complete Apparatus from £4 12s.
SUCCESS GUARANTEED.

Enormous num-
bers in use all
over the country.

Only Slow Com-
bustion Appara-
tus of the kind.
CACTI OX.

Beware of in-
efficient incom-
plete Apparatus,
which will not
last all night.

Full particulars
and Prices of
every sized Ap-
paratus, and
numerous Testi-
monials for last
five seasons,

showing enorm-
ous success, post-
free on applica-
tion.

Telescopic Ladders.
Telescopic Steps.

-^- Telescopic Trestles.

Convertible Ladder Steps.
Universal Step Ladders.
Turnover Step Ladders.
Folding Pole Ladders.
Lattice Steps, very light.

=^>= Umpire's Step Chairs.

Great variety of designs
and sizes. Sizes 5ft. to 60ft.
Order direct, carriage paid.
Price Lists free.

HEATHMAN & CO.,

2, EN DELL STREET ; and
11, HIGH STREET,

LONDON, W.C.

8T00K

1 SIZES

Inches.

™ Inches.

14X13

-7 20X16 <

16X12

' 30X16 ,

18X13

<f 33x18

30X13

7 34X18,.

1«XM

t 30x18

18x14

33x18

30x14 J

L^M=

34X18

BEST CONSTRUCTED and CHEAPEST

Greenhouses, Forcing houses, Pits, Frames, Plant

Protectors, Potting Sheds, Tool-houses, &c.

Illustrated Priced Catalogue post-free from

COMPTON & FAWKES

C H ELMSFORD.

21-OZ. and 15-02. Foreign, of above sizes, in boxes of 100 feet

and 200 feet super.
English Glass, cut to buyers' sizes, at lowest prices, delivered

free and sound in the country, in quantity.
" HORTICULTURAL PUTTY." Own Special Manufacture.

GEORGE FARMILOE & SONS,

Lead, Glass, Oil. and Colour Merchants,

84, St. John Street, West Smlthfleld, London, EC.

Stock Lists and Prices on application. Please quote Chronicle.

October 5, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS1 CHRONICLE.

397

HEAP F RAM ES. j CONWAY G. WARNE

PORTABLE CUCUMBER FRAMES.

KHALLIDAY and CO. desire to draw
• special attention to their Cucumber Frames, of which
they always have a large stock, ready glazed and painted.
They are made of the best materials, and can be put together
and taken apart in a few minutes by any one.
Prices delivered free to any station in England. «

1-light frame, 4 ft. by 6 ft. ( Carriage ) 2 0

2-light frame, 8 ft. by 6 ft. J and (3 2

3-light frame, 12 ft. by 6 ft. 1 c2eaS ( 4 15

6-light frame, 24 ft. by 6 ft. ( FREE. ) 8 10

Larger sizes at proportionate prices.

R. HALLIDAY & CO.,

Hothouse Builders and Engineers, Royal Horticultural Works,

Mlddleton, Manchester.

London Agent— Mr. H. Skelton, Seedsman, &c., 2, Holloway

Road, N.

(Successor to John- Matthews),
ROYAL POTTERIES, WE3T0N-SUPER-MARE.

Twenty- one

Gold and

Silver Medals

for excellence.

Testimonials

from buyers

of fifty years

standing.

TRYLEETE'SOfe

ON1R0N,WOOD &STONE
ALL COLORS CASH

AJLEETE&C?PAINTWORKS,l %9 LONDON R». §£

CHARLES FRAZER S EXECUTORS,

HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, NORWICH.

No. 57.-Melon and Cucumber Frame.

The illustration shows a Three-light Frame, 12 feet long by
6 feet wide. Height at front 11 inches, height at back 22 inches.
Made of thoroughly seasoned redwood deal, sides and ends
1J inch thick, screwed together at the angles, and with the
necessary parting pieces and runners for the lights, which are
2 inches thick, strengthened with iron bar across, and fitted
with iron handle complete. All parts painted three coats of
best oil colour, and light glazed with 21-oz. glass, nailed and
bedded in good putty.
I-Light Frame ... 4 ft. by 6 ft..

2 8 ft. by 6 ft. Cash Prices

3 , 12 ft. by 6 ft. „

4 „ „ ... 16 ft. by 6 it. I Carriage AND -I

5 20 ft. by 6 ft. Paciun-g Free.

8 ,, „ ... 24 ft. by 6 ft./

Carriage is Paid to all Goods Stations in England and Wales ;
also to Glasgow, Edinburgh, Dublin and Belfast.

New Illustrated Catalogue of Conservatories, Greenhouse*.
Garden Frames, Poultry Houses, and Dog Kennels, post-free
for six stamps, to be deducted from first order.

THOMAS GREEN & SON, Limited,

SMITHFIELD IRONWORKS, LEEDS, AND SURREY WORKS, RLACKFRIARS ROAD, LONDON, S.E.,

HORTICULTURAL ENGINEERS to HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN, call Special Attention to their Patent Wrought-Iron Municipal or Angular Chambered and Tubular

HOT-WATER BOILERS,

And others with SHELVES, and Hollow or Ordinary Cast-iron GRATE BARS.

OAnni C Rflll EDO with WATERWAY BACKS and WELDED BOILERS, any of which are specially adapted for Heating Greenhouses, Conservatories, Churches, Chapels,
OAUULL DUILLmO, Schools, Public Buildings, Entrance Halls, Warehouses, Workshops, &c. They are the neatest, cheapest, most effective, and durable of any extant.

The MUNICIPAL and TUB i'LAJi ones are remarkable /or their great heating power, slow combustion, and the length of time the fire will burn without requiring attention.
These Patterns secured the FIRST and HIGHEST PRIZE— a SILVER MEDAL-at the Royal Horticultural Society's Exhibition, South Kensington, London, June 1, 1881.

The Best Bo

Front Ei.p\

www

s'S//'//.'/X

"£—

riJOIMAL SLCTIUN

SECTIONAL PLAN

The longitudinal section gives a view of the fire-box, water space, flues, &c. The cross section gives a view of the fire-box, water space and V-shuped back.

The front elevation shows it set in brickwork, which is necessary for this class of boiler.

SIZES AND PRICES

MBl
MB 2
M B 3
MB4
MB 5

3 ft. 2 in. long by 2 ft. 0

4 0 „ by 2 0

5 0 ,, by 2 3

6 6 ,, by 3 0
8 6 „ by4 0

in. wide by 2 ft. 0 in. deep
„ by 2 0 „

„ by2 6
„ by 3 0 „ I

„ by 3 9

Calculated to

heat 4-in. piping

as follows ; —

iiooo ft.
1280
2200
4000
7000

Price £15
„ 21
„ 32
„ 60

,. 85

TESTIMONIALS.

M&S9RS. THOS. GREEN and SON, Ltd., NORTH STREET, LEEDS. Re HEATING APPARATUS. Borough Engineer's Office, Municipal Buildings, Leeds. January 9, 1886.

Gentlemen, — I have great pleasure in bearing testimony to the efficiency and satisfactory working of the Hot-water Heating Apparatus you erected in these public buildings.

The buildings are four storeys high, and we have a total length of about 28,000 feet of piping in them, varying in size from if in. to 6 in. diameter, with their connections, &c. The several
offices and rooms can all be in operation at one time or separately, and the heat regulated by means of the valves to the temperature required, even iu the coldest weather.

Morley House, Bagot, St. Saviour's, Jersey, November \0th, 1886.

GENTLEMEN,— The large Municipal Boiler which you sent me last year is doing its work satisfactorily; it is heating 5.000 feet of 4-inch pipe in one of my vineries, and I am quite sure tha
it has power to work a much greater length, while in cost of fuel it compares favourably with my other Boilers.

I have now five of your Boilers in use, and I cannot speak too well of their heating powers, or their comparatively small consumption of fuel.
Messrs, THOS. GREEX and SON. Ltd., LEEDS. Yours faithfully, (Signed) G. W. BASHFORD.

AND HUNDREDS OF OTHER REFERENCES CAN BE GIVEN IF RECiUIRED.

398

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[OcroBBB 5, 1889.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

4 Lines

6 ,.
8 ,.

7 „

8 „

5 „

10 „

11 „

12 „

13 „

14 „

AND SIXPENCE FOR EVERY ADDITIONAL LINE.

If set across two Columns, the lowest charge will be 20a.

If set across three Columns the lowest charge will be 30*.

Page, £8; Half Page, £4 10s.; Column. £3.

f Charges

for Adver'

,ising\

Head Line charged

is two.

£0 3

Lines

..£0 8

0 3

..0 9

0 4

..0 9

0 4

0 10

0 5

0 10

0 5

0 11

0 6

.. 0 11

0 6

.. 0 12

0 7

0 12

0 7

0 13

0 8

. . 0 13

Gardeners and others Wanting Situations.

26 words, including name and address, Is. 6d.,

and Qd, for every additional line (about 9 words) or part

of a line.

THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE PREPAID.

This scale does not apply to announcements of Vacant

Situations, which are charged at the ordinary scale.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.— Advertisers are cautioned
against having Letters addressed to Initials at Post-offices, as
atl Letters so addressed are opened by the authorities and
returned to the sender.

Births, Deaths and Marriages, 5s. each insertion.

Advertisements for the current week must reach the Office by

Thursday noon.

All Subscriptions Payable in Advance.

The United Kingdom : 12 Months, 15s. ; 6 Months,

73. 6d.; 3 Months, 3s. 9d.

Foreign (excepting India and China); including Postage,

17S. 6d. for 12 Months; India and China, 19s. 6d.

Post Office Orders to be made payable at the Post Office,

42, DRURY LANE. W.C.. to W. Richards.

Publishing Office and Office for Advertisements,
41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C.

VULCAN IRONWORKS,

WINCHESTER.

All tl
say 2\ inches.

THE VULCAN HIGH DUTY
HYDRAULIC RAM

Is the most efficient, self-acting
Pump. It will force water from
streams or springs on low levels to
tanks or reservoirs on hills, &c. It
saves fill water cartage, and is
always at work, requiring no
attention.
ary is a small fall from a spring or stream,
when water can be forced to heights varying

from U00 to 300 feet, and 2 miles distant.

PORTABLE
GARDEN PUMP

Estimates sent free for
Driving and Fitting-up
Tube Wells and Pumps,
Deep- well Pumps, Fixed
aud Portable Garden
Pumps, &c, and for
Laying Domestic Water
Supply to Mansions,
Farms, Nurseries,
Greenhouses, &c.

Address: H. P. VACHER,

VULCAN IRONWORKS, WINCHESTER.

GLASS. CHEAP GLASS.

8S 6d. per 10U feet 15 oz. 12 X 10, 18 X 12, 18 X 14, 24 X 14,
14X12,20X12,18X16,24X16.
12S. per 100 feet 21 oi. ... 16x12, 16x14, 20x16, 24X18, &0.

All kinds of PAINTS at very low prices.
FLOORING at 7s. 3d. per square ; MATCHING at 5s. 9d. ;
3x9 at 2^. per foot run; 2x4at§d. ; MOULDINGS, IRON-
MONGERY, &c. Catalogues on application to

THE CHEAP WOOD COMPANY, 72, Bishopsgate Street
Within, London, E.C.

BEDS T E A D S. — For the use of
Domestic Servants, Children, and Institutions, we
sold during 1888. of our D design BEDSTEADS aud WOODS'
PATENT WOVEN STEEL WIRE MATTRESSES combined,
3200. Carriage paid to any Railway Station. Liberal Dis-
count. Send for a " Book of French and Persian Designs," to
THE LONGFORD WIRE CO. (Limited), Warrington.

To Nurserymen, Seed Merchants, and Florists.

J BLACKBURN and SONS are offering Arch-
• angel Mats lowerthan anyotherhouse in the trade; also
Petersburg Mats, and Mat Bags, Rarlia Fibre, Tobacco Paper,
and Shading. Prices free. — 4 and 5, Wormwood Street, E.C.

RUSSIA MATS.— New Archangel Mats, and
all kinds of Petersburg Mats, supplied Wholesale, to
the Trade only. Also RAFFIA, TOBACCO PAPER and
CLOTH, CANES, and all SUNDRIES.
MARENDAZ AND FISHER, James Street. Covent Garden.W.C.

p A R D E N REQUISITE S.—

v!X Sticks, Labels, Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo
Canes, Rustic Work. Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of
WATSON AND SCULL, 90, Lower Thames Street. London, E.C.

THE BEST REMEDY FOR' INDIGESTION.

CAMOMILE PILLS.

Are confidently recommended as a simple but certain
remedy for

*♦* INDIGESTION ***

See Testimonial, Belected from hundreda:—

CROYDON, 18S5.
" Having been a sufferer from Indi-
gestion for many years, 1 am happy to
say that I have at last not only been
relieved but perfectly cured by using
Norton's Pills, and confidently recom-
mend them to all suffering from the same.
"J. WILKINSON."

For other Testimonials, see Monthly Magazines.
Sold everywhere, price is. l^d., 2s. gd. and us.

GARDENING APPOINTMENTS.

Mr. W. C. Gill, for the past three and a half
years Head Gardener to Major P. Chaplin,
Chavenage House, Tetbury, Gloucestershire, has
been engaged as Head Gardeiier to the Earl
Nelson, Trafalgar Park, Salisbury, Wilts.

Mr. A. Douglas has been appointed Gar-
dener to W. P. Hudden, Esq., Brockley Hall,
near Bristol.

Mr. J. Robertson, late Gardener to the Earl
of Rosslyn, at Lady Anne's House, Stamford,
has been appointed as Gardener to Captain
Mallandine, Ogbeare Hall, Holsworthy, Devon.

Mr. Temple, late Gardener at Mostell Priory,
has been engaged as Head Gardener to Sir
Mathew "Wilson, Bart., Eshton Hall, Gargram,
Leeds.

Mr. C. J. Goldsmith, late of Kelsey Manor,
Beckenham, has been appointed Head Gardener
to W. B. Waterlow, Esq., High Trees, Red-
hill, Surrey.

Mr. James King, late of Rousham, near Ayles-
bury, has been engaged as Head Gardener, to
Major Storer, Purley Park, Reading.

Mr. George F. Glen, for the last eight years
Gardener to Earl Fitzwilliam, at Wentworth
Woodhouse, Rotherham, has been appointed
Gardener to Donald Larnach, Esq., Bramble-
tye, East Grinstead, Sussex.

Mr. Christie, of Warwick Castle Gardens
(which are to be let for market purposes), has
been engaged as Head Gardener to the Marquis
of Hertford, Ragley Hall, Alcester.

Mr. J. Hainsworth, late of Newbold Lawn,
Leamington, has been engaged as Head Gardener
to Salisbury Baxkndale, Esq., Bonnington,
Ware, Herts.

FOR SALE, GARDENERS' CHROMCLE,
18 volumes, 72 to '80 inclusive ; well bound, half calf,
good condition, 5s. per volume, or send offer.

ALPHA. Riverhead, Sevenoaks.

YOUNG WOMEN who WANT TO BE
INDEPENDENT, and make their own way in the world,
should write for a Prospectus of the SCIENTIFIC -DRESS
CUTTING ASSOCIATION, 272, Regent Street, London, W.
Situations for all Pupils at good salaries.

Florists and Fruiterers.
A DVERTISER WANTS, as PARTNER, a

Xa. young man with £250, to take half share in good
Country Business as above. Within 50 miles of Loudon.
Must be a good business man, well up in Nuraery. One ?.hop
in West End of town, and another can open in High Street —
both excellent positions. Business all amongst best class
families. A rare opportunity for the right man. — Addien
F. W. CANNON, 15, Union Street, Bedford.

WANTED, superior SCOTCH GARDENER,
under 40 years of age, to Reconstruct and Lay out a
Model Residential Estate of 33 Acres, in a beautiful position
and tine climate, 1 mile from the Crystal Palace, Sydenham,
and on same hill. The present Vineries and Plant-houses are
to bo supplemented by other horticultural buildings, at a coat
of £1000. An energetic man of resource, good taste, and
experience, who could exercise these qualifications, would
find the work of developing the natural resources of the
estate and keeping it in order congenial to him. A suitable
man would be liberally treated, and none other need apply. —
Address, in first instance, by letter only, to T. M., Dalkeith
Gardens, Dalkeith, Scotland, giving full details of applicant's
history, copy of testimonials, and salary expected.

WANTED, a SINGLE-HANDED GAR-
DENER, although considerable help is given in Out-
door Work. Must be thoroughly practical, and one who knows
his work. Thorough knowledge of Vines, Stove and Green-
house Plants, and good Vegetable aud Out-door Fruit Grower.
Neighbourhood of Shrewsbury.— Address, with full particulars
as to experience, wages expected, &c. — G., 41, Wellington
Street, Strand, W.C.

WANTED, a SECOND GARDENER in a
Large Place, a married man with not more than one
child. He must thoroughly understand the general routine of
Gardening, both Inside and Out; Wife to attend a Lodge
Gate. Wages 18s. per week, with "three tons of coal a year. —
Apply, with full particulars to W. T., Beaurepaire Park,
Basingstoke.

WANTED, a FOREMAN, for Fruit Depart-
ment, to Grow First-class Fruit. No ornament;il man
wanted. Apply at once, giving age, experience, and two
copies of testimonials, which cannot be returned. Wages 20s.
a week with rooms.— W. F. BOWMAN, H> lauds, Chelm-. ord.

WANTED, a GROWER of Roses aud Soft-
wooded Plants for the London Markets.— Mr. CHILD:*,
Florist, 135, Rye Lane, Peckham, S.E.

WANTED, a LAD, about 17, to work in the
Houses, with a knowledge of Gardening. Bothy, &C.(
allowed. — Apply, stating wages required, to G. INGLEF1ELD,
Tedworth Gardens, Marlborough.

WANTED, at once, GARDEN LABOURER
(Kent), one used to Pruning and Nailing, and general
Garden Work. Single, wages los.— Apply to CHAS. LEE and
SON, 2, Hammersmith Road. W.

COVENT GARDEN SALESMAN
WANTED. Must be fully experienced in Cut Flower
Trade, well educated, and of unexceptional character. Need
not have been accustomed to Market. Salary to begin wilt*,
£60, and Commission on Sales.— Address, EVANS, Nursery,
Exeter.

AN OLD ESTABLISHED SEED HOUSE
REQUIRES competent ASSISTANT in Vegetab.e and
Flower Seed Department.— Address, stating references, age,
anil salary required, to SEEDSMEN, Gardeners' Chronicle
Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

SpGtl TridG
\\T ANTED, ASSISTANT SHOPMAN, must

V V be of good address, and accustomed to a smart Counter
Trade. — Apply by letter, stating where experience gained, and
salary expected, to THOMSON and CO., Seed Merchants,
Birmingham.

WANTED, an ASSISTANT SHOPMAN,
for the Seed Trade, and to A-sist in Book-keeping.
Must have unexceptional references.— State age, experience,
and salary required, to FRANK YATES, Seed Merchant,
Nottingham.

Traveller.

WANTED, an energetic MAN, of good
address, and well up in all branches of the Trade.—
WM. CLIBRAN AND SON, Oldrield Nursery, Altrincham.

WANTED, a young LADY, for a Fruit and
Florist Business. A iir=l-mts Wreath and Btuquet
hand. Good references required.— Mrs. FAIRBOURN, IS,
Victoria Street, Manchester.

WANTED, a young Lady, as ASSISTANT
in Cut I lower Department. Must be well up in
Bouquet and Wieath-making, &c— State experience aud
wages required, to PERKINS and SONS, Warwick Road
Nuisery, Coventry.

October 5, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE

399

WANT PLACES.

NOTICE TO ADVERTISERS.— In many instances
Rc.rttances in Payment of Repeat Advertisements are
received without name, address, or anything beyond the
postmark on envelope by which to identify the sender ; this
in all cases causes a very great deal of trouble, and fre-
quently the sender cannot be identified at all. ,

Advertisers are requested when Remitting to give their
Names and Addresses, and also a Reference to the Adver-
tisements whieh they wish repeated.

Head Gardeners.

JOHN LAING and SONS can at present
recommend with every confidence several energetic and
unci ical MEN of tested ability and first-rate character. Ladies
and Gentlemen in want of GAKDENERS and BAILIFFS, and
HEAD GARDENERS for first-rate Establishments or Single-
handed Situations, can be suited and have full particulars by
applying at Stanstead Park and Rutland Park Nurseries,
Forest Hill. London. S.E.

SCOTCH GARDENERS.— I have at present
several very superior MEN on my Register, whose cha-
racter and ability will bear the strictest investigation.—
JOHN DOWNIE. Seedsman, 141. Princes Street, Edinburgh.

Gardeners, Foresters, Land Stewards.

RB. LAIRD and SONS can recommend with
• every confidence Scotchmen thoroughly qualified as
GARDENERS, FORESTERS, or LAND STEWARDS, either for
lar^e or small establishments, and will be pleased to furnish full
particulars on application.— 17, Frederick Street, Edinburgh.

TcTNoblemen and Gentlemen requiring Land Agents,

STEWARDS. BAILIFFS, or GARDENERS.

JAMES CARTER and CO. have at all
times upon their Register reliable and competent MEN,
several of whom are personally well knowu to Messrs. Carter.
Enquiries should be made to 237 and 338, High Holborn. W.C.

EAD GARDENERS.— At the present time

I can recommend several highly respectable Men, of
known ability and first-class character.— THOS. BUTCHER,
Seed Merchant, Croydon.

Gardeners, Farm-Bailiffs, Foresters, &c.

DI C K S O N S, Royal Nurseries, Chester,
(Limited), are always in a position to RECOM-
MEND MEN of the highest respectability, and thoroughly
practical at their business. All particulars on application.
Telegraphic and Postal Address—" DICKSONS. CHESTER."

SCOTCH GARDENERS.— Several superior
MEN, of highest energy and ability. Certificates on
application.— AUSTIN and McASLAN, Seed Merchants, 89,
Mitchell Street, Glasgow.

ARDENER (Head).— Age 40, married, no

family; thoroughly competent and trustworthy. — G.
MORRISS, Chapel Square, Kimboltou, St. Neot's.

GARDENER (Head).— Age 30, married.—
A Gentleman can strongly recommend a thoroughly
experienced, trustworthy, all-round Gardener. — E. D., at
present at Belmont Nursery, Fifth Cro*i Road, Twickenham.

r\ ARDENER (Head).— J. P. Leadbetter,

\JT the Gardens, Tranby Croft, Hull, begs to recommend his
Foreman, J. Sheddick, as a thoroughly efficient and steady
man. Good experience in all branches. Excellent references.

GARDENER (Head), where another is kept.
— Age 34, married ; three years' good character. Left
through family going away.— A. G., Albion Cottages, West
Hill, Epsom.

GARDENER (Head).— Married ; thoroughly
understands the profession in all its branches. Twenty
years' experience. Also understands Cows. Good reference.
— H. L., Hayes Common, Beckenham, Kent,

GARDENER (Head). — Age 30 ; Scotch.
Fifteen years' experience in all branches of the pro-
fession. Good testimonials as to ability. Excellent references.
—J. BRICE, Southlands, Godstone, Redhill.

GARDENER (Head).— The Advertiser has
been Foreman six years in good Gardens, will be glad
to meet with a Lady or Gentleman in want of above. Good
dharacter.— C, 41, Wellington Street, Straud, W.C.

GARDENER (Head). — Charles Roberts,
for seventeen years Head Gardener at Highfield Hall,
Leek, Staffs., is open to treat with any Nobleman or Gentle-
man who may require the services of a qualified Gardener.
First-class references. — Address as above.

GARDENER (Head).— Age 33; thoroughly
practical, energetic, and trustworthy. Highest refer-
fc euces as to abilities of the Profession. Eight years as Head in
good places.— CUBA, Mrs. Wesson's, Paper Office, Baiter
Street, Enfield.

G^ ARDENER (Head) ; age 33, married.— W.
X Howard, Esq., The Grove, Teddington, will have great
pK-ifiire in recommending his Head Gardener to any Lady
requiring a thorough, practical man. Has had charge of
extensive Pleasure and Kitchen Gardens, and Glass, and large
staff of Men.— G. BISHOP, Teddington.

GARDENER (Head Working), age 30.—
A. TOMALLN, The Gardens, Oakwood, Crayford, Kent,
will be pleased to recommend A. Hatwell, who has been Fore-
man in the above Gardens for the past four years, to any Lady
or Geutleman requiring the services of u good practical man.
Address as above.

ARDENER (Head Working), where two

JjT or more are kept. — Age 30, married; fifteen years' ex-
perience in all branches. Abstainer. — GARDENER, 13, West
End Lane, Kilburn, N.W.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 37 ;
married ; twenty-one years' experience in general,
Gardening Orchids especially ; good reference. — H. EBBAGE,
tj3, Granville Road, Walthamstow, Essex.

/GARDENER (Head Working).— A Lady

VU~ wishes to recommend her late Gardener, who is leaving
through death. Fourteen years' good character. Thoroughly
understands Gardening in all its branches.— W. BROWN,
Hildersham Hall, Cambridge.

GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 42, one
child (13 years) ; thorough knowledge of Early and
Late Forcing, Kitchen and Flower Garden Work, Alterations
of Grounds, and the Management of Men. — D. L., Shobdon
Court Gardens, Shobdon, Herefordshire.

ARDENER (Head Working), where two

or three are kept. Age 23. — Major Blake, Mylnhurst,
Millhouses, Sheffield, wishes to recommend C. Parker as above.
Has been in his employ as Foreman nearly four years. Up-
wards of fourteen years' experience.

p ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 4L

\^M married, two children ; thorough practical experience
in Grapes, Peaches, Melons, Cucumbers, Tomatos, Stove and
Greenhouse Plants, Flower and Kitchen Garden. Good
references.— T. AVERY, West Hill, West Cowes, Isle of Wight.

GARDENER (Head, or good Single-
HANDED). — Age 29, married, one child; thoroughly
experienced Inside and Out. Two and a half years as Second,
in present place. Abstainer. — MILLIN, Boscombe Manor
Lodge, Bournemouth.

r\ ARDENER (Head or good Single-

VJ handed). — Age 38 ; married, two children ; well up in
Vines, Melons, Cucumbers, and Tomatos, Stove and Green-
house Plants, and the management of a well-kept Garden.
Good references. — W.,78, Ashford Road, Eastbourne.

a ARDENER. — Scotch, wishes situation as
Foreman in Nobleman's or Gentleman's Family. Good
references. — W. R. M., 83, Auerley Road, Upper Norwood,
Surrey.

GARDENER, with or without assistance. —
Age 28, married ; life experieuce in Fruit, Flowers, and
Vegetables. Good character.— HEATH, Belle Vue, Earley,
Reading.

GARDENER, where one or more are kept. —
Thoroughly experienced in the Cultivation of Plants
and Fruit under Glass, Flower and Kitchen Gardening. —
W. WATSON, The Gardens, Polegate.

GARDENER. — Age 21, single; situation in
Fern Nursery preferred. Eight years' practical expe-
rience in different countries. Very good cliaracters. Please
state wages. — L., 10, Irongate Wharf Road, Paddingtoo, W.

GARDENER.orGARDENERandBAILIFF.
— Well up iu both departments ; or could Manage Fruit
Farm. — Particulars from MANAGER, Yair, Selkirk, Scotland.

/GARDENER (Single-handed or Second),

V_J where three or four are kept. — Ten years' experience.
Good references from previous places. — TROLLOPE, 18,
Augustus Street, Regent's Park, N.W.

f^\ ARDENER (Single-handed, or Under).

VJ~ Age 2u\ single ; thirteen years' experience Inside and
Out. Good character.— F. S., Witley Pits, Turner's Hill,
Crawley, Sussex.

GARDENER (Second), where four or more
are kept. — Single; total abstainer. Good character. —
J. WELLS, South Farm. Worthing. Sussex.

GARDENER (Second), where three or four
are kept. — Age 2-4 ; seven years' experience Inside and
Out. Excellent testimonials from present and previous em-
ployers.—J. SAMMONS, Kelsey Manor, Beckenham, S.E.

GARDENER (Second), in Glass Houses.—
Age 21. Three years' good character from last place.
Teetotaler.— ALFRED NIGHTINGALE, Amwell Street, Hod-
desdon, Herts.

GARDENER (Second), or good FIRST
JOURNEYMAN. — Age 22 ; good experience Inside and
Out. Well recommended.— HEAD GARDENER, The Gurdeus,
Casino House, Heme Hill, S.E.

ARDENER (Under), in or outdoors.—

Age 22, single; willing to make himself useful. Seven
years' experience. Good character. — W. FRITH, Berwick

Buildings. Marlow, Bucks.

To ths Tr3.d©

MANAGER, FOREMAN, SALESMAN,
PROPAGATOR.— Many years' practice in Conifene, Cle-
matis, Rhododendrons, Tea Roses, Tree Carnations. Cytissus,
Bouvardias, Cyclamen, Eucharis, Gardenias, Rhodanthe,
Ferns, Hard and Soft-wooded Plants generally, Vines, Toma-
tos, Cucumbers; first-class at Bouquets, Wreaths. Crosses,
&C, thorough knowledge of the above.— M. S., Gardeners'
Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

FOREMAN in General Nursery, or would
MANAGE a Nursery.— Two years in present situation as
Manager and Foreman. Good ' references. —A. STREET,
3, Denmark Street, Folkestone.

FOREMAN, in good establishment. — Mr.
VAlTiiHAN, late Head Gardener to Sir Matthew Wilson,
Eshton Hall, can highly recommend a young man as above.
Present situation as Foreman over two years. — Eastwood,
Eshton Hall Gardens, Gargrave, Leeds.

FOREMAN— Age 26; thirteen years' expe-
rience in good situations ; active and obliging. Three
years Foreman in last situation. Can be highly recommended.
— W. F., 7, Roohester Terrace, Kentish Town, N.W.

FOREMAN, or Second, in a Nursery or
Market Garden. — Age 26 ; eleven years' experience.
Highest references. — W. MARROW, 28, Sneyed Street,
Tunstall, Staffordshire.

JOURNEYMAN, Inside or Inside and Out.—
Age 19 ; can be highly recommended by previous em-
ployers ; four years' good character. Abstainer. — E.
MORRIS, 13, Park Road, Doncaster.

JOURNEYMAN, in Houses under Foreman.
— Age 20; bothy preferred ; sixteen months' last place,
seven years' previous ; good characters.— F. WEBBER, Coombe
Lake, Ottery St. Mary.

JOURNEYMAN, Inside; age 22.—
J. Trigger, The Gardens, Milton, Peterborough, would
be pleased to recommend to any Head Gardener an active
and industrious young man.

JOURNEYMAN; age 19.— Mr. Lyddiard
wishes to recommend H. Hemis, who has lived under him
four years as Improver under Foreman. Has had experience
Inside and Out. Bothy preferred. — Rookery Gardens, Bromley,
Kent.

IMPROVER ; age 20.— Advertiser wishes to
get his Son under a Gardener.— WM. HENDERSON, The
Gardens, Elmleigh, Hkley.

IMPROVER, in the Houses.— Age 19; bothy
preferred. Six years' experience, two and a half in pre-
sent place, good recommendation. — H. ASHD0WN, The
Common, Sevenoaks, Kent.

TO NURSERYMEN and MANAGERS.—
Young maa (age 19), anxious to meet with a situation
in some good Nursery. Strong and willing. Several years'
practice in the Propagating Departments. — HORTUS, 41,
Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

TO HEAD GARDENERS.— Thomas Old-
ham, Malvern Hall, Solihull, is anxious to find a situa-
tion for an unusually hard-working man (age 23), especially
up iu Cucumbers and Tomatos.

rTx) NURSERYME N. — Wanted, situation ,

A- well up in Potting, Tying, Watering, &c. Age 18.
Two and a half years last situation. Good character.— F.
RANDALL, 49, Mouutpleasant Road, Hastings.

TO NURSERYMEN.— Young man (age 22),
seeks situation in Nursery. Good experience in Market
Work, or Private. Good references. — H. B., 4, Triangle
Cottages, Mill Road, Hampton Hill, Middlesex.

O GARDENERS.— Wanted, a situation, for

a Youth (age IS), under the Foreman, in a good Garden.
Has had two and a half years' experience iu Houses. Cau
attend to Fires. — J. FORSEY, The Grapery, Atherstoue.

'TO the NURSERY and SEED TRADE.—

J- Situation wanted by a man possessing a knowledge of
the Nursery and Seed Trade, as well as Office Work, Upward*
of thirtv years' experience.— Full particulars on application to
Messrs.'W. P. LAIRD and SINCLAIR, 73, Nethergate, Dundee.

T^LORIST or SEEDSMAN.— Twenty years'

JL thorough practical experience ; also Wreaths, Bouquets,
&c. Moderate salary.— X. V. Z., 71, Sumner Street, South-
wark, S.E.

To Seed and Nurserymen.

SHOPMAN, TRAVELLER, or MANAGER.
—Age 32 ; eighteen years' experience, London and Pro-
vincial Houses. Satisfactory references. — A. H. T., Lucombe,
Pince & Co., Exeter.

SHOPMAN (Junior), Improver.— Age 19 ;
five years' general experience in Seeds, Bulbs, Cut Flower
Work, Choice Fruits, &c— W., W. Barrack, Nurseryman,
Kendal.

SHOPMAN (Junior).— Age 18; upwards of

O two years in a Leading Retail House.— H. J. R., 214,
Grove Road, Victoria Park, E.

rT1RAVELLER. — Open for immediate engage-

-L ment, large and sound connection ,in West, South, and
Midlands, thoroughly experienced in all branches of the Seed,
Plant, and Sundry Trade. — E., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41,
Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

SALESMAN. — Good Florist's man, Seedsman,
Decorator, Bouquet and Wreath hand. Used to Coven t
Garden.— H., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington
Street, Strand, W.C. __

YOUNG LADY desires re-engagement in
Florist's Shop. Good at Wreaths, Sprays, Bouquets, &c.
Excellent references.— X., Mrs. Butcher, The Nursery, South
Norwood.

HOLLOWAY'S PILLS.— Nervous Debility.
— No part of the human machine requires more watching
than the nervous system— upon it hangs health and life itsell.
These Pills are the best regulators and strengthened of the
nerves, and the safest general purifiers. Nausea, headache,
gid liuess, uumbness. and mental apathy yield to them. They
dispatch in a summary manner those distressing dyspeptic
symptoms, stomachic pains, fulness at the pit of the stomach,
abdomiml distension, and overcome both capricious appetites
and confined bowels — the commonly accompanying signs of
defective or deranged nervous power. Holloway's Pills are
particularly recommended to persons of studious and sedentary
habits, who gradually sink into a nervous and debilitated state,
unless some such restorative be occasionally taken.

400

TEE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[October 5, 1889.

FOSTER

PEARSON,

BEESTON, NOTTS.

THE "CHILWELL NURSERIES" ROILER

(Registered).

EXPIANATION.

Water passes through the returji Pipe
into the Box A, thence through Pipes
BBBBBBBB to Box C, thence through '
Pipes DD to Box E, thence through
Pipes FFFFFFF to Boxes HH, thence
through Pipes Jill to Boxes A'A', and
thence into Box L.

We can CONFIDENTLY RECOMMEND THIS BOILER for Heating Apparatus of 1500 feet and upwards. We have had a number of these Boilers at work for five years, and

THEY HAVE GIVEN GENERAL SATISFACTION. The Boilers are now also made with 2-INCH WROUGHT WELDED STEEL TUBES,

which diminish the risk of breakage. THEY HAVE STEEL WATER BARS.

SUCH

RHODODENDRONS

have never before been offered

BY AUCTION

(and scarcely seen, except at the London Exhibitions and Parks, as the Specimen Collection ordered to be Sold)

By CHARLES NOBLE.

The Sale commences OCTOBER 14, and following days. Book to Sunningdale Station, S. W. Rail.

See Advertisement in this Paper.

HILL

BLACK

& SMITH'S

VARNISH

Established isis.

for Preserving Ironwork, Wood, or Stone.

(Registered Trade Mark.)

An excellent substitute for oil paint, at one-third the cost.

Used in all London Parks, at Windsor, and Kew Gardens,

and on every important estate in the Kingdom. Has stood

the test of forty years' trial. Requires no mixing ; can be

applied cold by any ordinary labourer.

Price Is. Qd, per gallon at the manufactory, or carriage-paid
to any railway station, U. fid, per gallon in casks of 36, 20, or
10 gallons.
y-r a xt m -r s\ it Every Cask bears the above

V A U 1 1 UJy. Registered Trade Mark. Beware

of cheap imitations.

HILL & SMI TH,

Brlerley Ironworks. Dudley ;

118, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C. ;

47. Dawson Street. Dublin.

55,

LIONEL STREET,

BIRMINGHAM.

HENRY HOPE

HORTICULTURAL

BUILDER and

HEATING ENGINEER.

NEW
CATALOGUE

of Greenhouses & Garden
Frames, just issued, will
be sent, post-free, to any
address, on reference to
this advertisement.

NEW
CATALOGUE

of Greenhouses & Garden
Frames', just issued, will
be sent, post-free, to any
address, on reference to
this advertisement.

SEND FOR NEW PRICED ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE.

THE COTTACER'S CALENDAR OF GARDEN OPERATIONS.

Price 3d., Post-free 3id. ;

Twenty-five Copies, 5:; fifty, 10s. ; and one hundred, 20s.

Parcels of not less than twenty-five delivered, Carriage Free, in London only.

Not less than one hundred Carriage Paid to any part of Great Britain.

W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.

Editorial Communications should be addressed to " The Editor;" Advertisements and Business Letters to " The Publisher," at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, Loudon, W.C
Printed by William Richards, at the Office of Messrs. Bkadburv, Agnew, & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City of London, in the County of Middlesex, and published by the
said William Richards at the Olfice, 11, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County.— Saturday. O'tob-r 5, 1889. Agent for Manche.t t-Josn Hevwood.

Established 1841

No. 2546.

No. 146.— Vol. VI. {£££} SATURDAY, OCTOBER 12,

1889.

[Regt. as a Newspaper. I P R ! C E 3d.

\ Post-free, 3Jd.

CONTENTS.

Aldenham House, Elatree 411

Apiary, the 410

Aristolochia elegans ... 418

Bulb garden 409

Catasetum fimbriatum ... 406

Cattleya velutina ... 406

Crocus, the 409

Cultural memoranda ... 418

Cymbidium madidum ... 406

Eucomia punctata ... 419

Flower garden 413

Fruit culture 410

Fruits under glass ... 418

Gardening appointments 426
Gases, passage of, through

plants 416

Hardy fruit garden ... 418
Highbury, plants at ... 419
Insects injurious to vege-
tation 416

Kitchen garden 413

Lady florists 417

Lissochilus speeiosus ... 419

Lobelia cardinalis ... 419

Lockinge 405

Low, H., Sc Co. 'a nursery,

Clapton 417

Madonna flower, the ... 416

Nomenclature question,
the

Orchid notes

Pasture plants

Peach orchards of Cali-
fornia

Plan for a garden

Plant portraits

Plants and their culture

Potato improvements ...

Potatos, extraordinary
crop of

Royal Horticultural So-
ciety

Seeds, sprouting of

Societies—
Cryptogamic of Scot-
land

Crystal Palace

National Chrysanthe-
mum

Royal Horticultural ...

Spiraeas, poisonous

Starch in leaf-stalks

Strawberry planting

Swakeleys

Vegetables, old vara

Weather, the

414
411

416

412
417
413
407

415
407

421
421

420
419
419
418
418
408
417
417

Illustrations.

Garden Plan, a, for the Lake District

Strawberry planting

Swakeleys, views at

... 412
... 419
409, 415

Advertisers are specially requested to note, that,
under no circumstances whatever, can any
particular position be guaranteed for ad-
vertisements occupying less space than an
entire column.

Now ready. In cloth, lis. 6d.

J HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
Vol. V., Third Series, JAN. to JUNE, 1889.
W. RICHARDS. 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.

T EICESTER and MIDLAND CHRYSAN-

lu THEMUM SHOW will be held in the Temperance Hall,
Leicester, on FRIDAY and SATURDAY, November 15 and 16.
Class 1, £10, £5, £,& 10s. Schedules, &c, on application to

Mr. J. READ, Hon. Sec.
Retreat Villas, Aylestone Park, Leicester.

FOR SALE, 10,000 GENISTAS in 3-inch
pots, good plants, 8s. per 100. Bushy plants in 40-pota
5s. per dozen.

Cash with order, by postal order made payable at High
Street, Ley ton.

T. BALDWIN and SON, Edith Nursery, Burchall Road,
Leyton.

BARK'S NE¥ DAFFODIL
"MRS. GEORGE CAMMELL," The Great Spanish
Beauty. Amongst Daffodils this is the most distinct in cha-
racter, and the most refined in beauty ; perfectly hardy. 21s.
per dozen, 2s. each ; extra large bulbs, 30s. per dozen, 3s. each.

Barr's General Bulb Catalogue free on application.

Barr's Daffodil and Plant Catalogue free on application.

Barr's Rare Species of Crocus and Meadow Saffron List on
application.
BARR AND SON, 12 and 13, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

EVERGREEN HEDGES. — Fine bushes of
LINGUSTRUM OVALIFOLIUM and THUIA LOBBII,
from 3 feet to 6 feet. Plant now. Price LIST free.

WILL TAYLER, Osborn Nursery, Hampton, Middlesex.

L ILIUM AURATUM and L. HARRISII.
Good, sound, plump Bulbs can now be supplied.
WILLIAM BULL, F.L.S., Establishment for New and Rare
Plant9, 536, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W.

PLANTING SEASON. — FRUIT TREES,
COB NUTS, FOREST TREES, and SHRUBS. Several
thousand for sale, all well rooted, strong and healthy. — Apply,
TODDINGTON ORCHARD CO., WiDChcomb, Gloucestershire.

SCHUBERTIA GRANDIFLORA —
See page 354 of this Paper, September 28 last, for recom-
mendation of this New Plant exhibited, with large white
flowers 2 inches in diameter, in rich bunches powerfully and
deliciously scented. Strong Plants, 3s. Qd. each.
HOOPER and CO. (Ltd.), Pine- Apple Nursery, Maida Vale, W.

RICHARDIA ALBA MACULATA. —
Strong Bulbs of the above-mentioned can be had at
moderate prices. Apply to

P. Van TIL Jz., and CO., Florists, Hillegom, near
Haarlem, Holland.

ORCHIDS, The Specialty.— New Interleaved
Catalogue of an exceedingly healthy and well-grown
Stock, just published, post-free on application.

FRED HORSMAN and CO., Colchester.

CAPE BULBS.— Botanic Gardens, Capetown.
The usual Orders from the Trade are solicited.

Output December to February.
P. M A C O W A N, Director, Capetown.

FOR SALE, 8 PEACH TREES, 10
NECTARINES, all in No. 4 pots, well set with buds.
Apply to
W. ELLIS, Gardener, Holmwood, Weybridge.

Strawberries, from the Garden of England.

GEORGE BUN YARD and CO. can now
offer very fine Runners and Plants in small pots of all
the finest kinds. LIST free.

Old Nurseries, Maidstone.

p EORGE LEE, F.R.H.S.,

VJ thousand LAXTON'S "NOBLE"

has a few

STRAWBERRY

PLANTS for Sale, at from 5s. to 12s. per 100

KING OF THE

EARLIES, 3s. Clevedon. October 9.

PRITCHARD and SONS, Nurserymen,
Shrewsbury. — We regret to announce the death of our
Senior Partner, Mr. W. Pritchard, which occurred on Octo-
ber 3, at Frankwell Nursery. Our Trade Friends will greatly
oblige ua by SENDING, EARLY AS POSSIBLE, STATE-
MENTS OF THEIR ACCOUNTS up to that date.

HENRY SQUELCH (late Squelch & Barn-
ham) RECEIVES CONSIGNMENTS of good Black
Grapes, Muscata, Cucumbers. Tomatos, and Beana ; alao all
kinds ot choice Hothouse Flowers. H. Squelch's trade being
especially for First-class Hothouse Produce, and he having a
connection amongst the best Houses in London and Country, is
able to command highest Market Prices. Account Sales fur-
nished daily, and accounts settled weekly, or aa desired.
Empties and Labels Supplied. Bankers' and other references.
North Row, Covent Garden Market, W.C.

JW. BARNHAM (late of Squelch &
• Barnham) RECEIVES ON COMMISSION, GRAPES,
TOMATOS, and other Choice FRUITS ; also FLOWERS. His
personal attention securing highest Market Prices. Account
Sales daily, and chequea at option. Baakets and labela found .
Long Market. Covent Garden, W.C.

PEACHES, FIGS, GRAPES, CUCUMBERS,
TOMATOS, &c. Highest Market Prices guaranteed.
Prompt Cash.— HENRY RIDES, Covent Garden.

WANTED, Plants or Cuttings of CARPET
BEDDING PLANTS, ALTERNANTHERAS, SUCCU-
LENTS, &c. State species and varieties to

GARDENER, Prescot House, Stourbridge, Worcester.

ANTED, large PALMS and other DECO-

RATIVE PLANTS in EXCHANGE. To offer, 3000
coloured Dracaenas, in thumbs, well rooted ; 2000 coloured Dra-
caenas, in 3\ inch pots.

All the leading varieties, at greatly reduced prices for cash,
package free.

THYNES. Nurserymen, Glasgow.

WANTED, GOOSEBkRRIES, Whitesmith,
Lancashire Lad, and Industry. Samplea and price
per 1000 or 10,000 to

WILL TAYLER, Osborn Nursery, Hampton, Middlesex.

SUTTON'S INIMITABLE BEDDING
HYACINTHS in diatinct ahades of colour, and to flower
simultaneously.

" My show of Inimitable Hyacinths this spring from bulbs
bought from you was truly magnificent. Their flowering was
simultaneous ; not a single failure. Few who saw them would
believe that they were really grown out-of-doors, and many
insisted that they had been removed from the greenhouse for the
occasion, whereas they were planted out-of-doors on the 9th of
October, 6 inches deep, and never had the slightest shelter all
through the severe wiuter. I planted them aa per your illus-
tration in Bulb Catalogue (1885), and had auch a brilliant eye
feast for several days aa I never previously experienced. I
may add that the Tulips were equally fine." — W. Wormalp,
Esq., Hassocks.

Prices on application. Sutton's Bulbs Genuine only Direct
from —

SUTTON and SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen, READING.
All Bulbs Carriage Free, except orders under 5s. value,

Paul & Son's Rose Catalogue.

PAUL and SON, The "Old" Nurseries,
Cheshunt, will be happy to send this to any intending
Purchaser. It is carefully revised on the lines which have
served as a model for several of the other growers' li3ts.

pCELOGNE CRISTATA,

V_y well-grown, with bloom spikes, and very cheap.
Trustees of the late J. STEVENSON, Timperley, Cheshire.

T ILIES OF THE VALLEY.

J-i A thousand large clumps, with 8 or 10 bloom-eyes each,
the best for forcing.

Per 100, £2 2s. Packing free.
HRI. VANDEE STRAETEN, Orchid Grower, Bruges, Belgium.

ROSES ! ROSES ! ! ROSES ! ! !— The best and
cheapest in the world. 40 choice Perpetuals for 21s.
Purchaser's selection from 400 best varieties. CATALOGUES
free on application. Ten acres of Roses, 100,000 grand plants
to select from. Plant now.

JAMES WALTERS, Rose Grower, Exeter.

URST AND SON have still a very fine stock

of ROMAN HYACINTHS, LILIUM CANDIDUM,
Paper-white NARCISS, and other forcing BULBS ; also a
complete assortment of DUTCH and ENGLISH BULBS, in-
cluding Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocus, Snowdrops, Narcissus,
&c, &c, at extremely moderate prices.
CATALOGUES and special offers on application.

Seed Warehouse, 152, Houndsditch, London, E.C.

Rhododendrons.

HLANE and SON have a splendid stock
• of bestrnamed sorts well set with buds for forcing or
planting, also Hybrid Seedlings and Ponticums for wood plant-
ing. CATALOGUE on application.

The Nurseries, Birkhamsted, Herts.

DOUBLE WHITE NARCISSUS. — About
50 bushels for Sale. Price 20s. per bushel, on rail.
Sample 100 free for 2s.

J. J. CLARK, Goldstone Farm, West Brighton.

ROMAN HYACINTHS, NARCISSUS,
LILIUMS, TUBEROSES, and many other FRENCH
BULBS, grown and offered by LOUIS BREMOND, fils,
Ollioules, France.

WHOLESALE LIST oa application to WILLIAM DEN-
MAN, 7, Catherine Street. Covent Garden, London, W.C.

RHUBARB.— 20,000 large Roots, ten years
old, suitable for forcing. 15s. per 100, on rail. Cash with
order. J. J. CLARK, West Brighton, Sussex.

NICOTINE SOAP.— An effectual eradicator
of all insect pests affecting plants, without injury
to foliage. Jars, Is. 6d., 3s.. 5s. tW. ; Tins, 15s. 6d., 25s., 95s.
All See Jsmen and Florists.

SENT GRATIS.— WOOD and SON'S
interesting Pamphlet on Fertilizing Moss. Moat valu-
able information on Plant and Bulb Culture.

WOOD and SON, Wood Green, N.

THOMSON'S IMPROVED VINE and PLANT
MANURE. — This valuable Manure is made only hy us.
Every bag and tin haa our name on it. To be had of all Nursery
and Seedsmen, and direct from ua. 1 cwt. and over carriage
paid. London Agent— Mr. GEORGE, 10, Victoria Road, Putney.
WM. THOMSON and SONS, Clovenfords, Galashiels, N.B.

402

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

[Uctobeb 12, 1889.

SALES by AUCTION.

Splendid Bulbs from Holland.

SALES every MONDAY, WEDNESDAY, and SATURDAY,
in Large and Small Lots, to suit all Buyers.

MR J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38. King Street, Corent
Garden. W.C.. every MONDAY, WEDNESDAY and SATUR-
DAY, at half-past 12 o'clock 9™^™*%g- ^pT
consignments of choice named HYACINTHS, TULir|,
CROCUSES, SCILLAS, NARCISSUS, and other BULBS,
arriving daily from well-known farms in Holland.

On view mornings of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Thursday next, October 17.

10,000 BULBS of LILIUM AURATUM.

MR J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden on THURSDAY NEXT, October 17, 10,000
BULBS of LILIUM AURATUM, .lust received from Japan.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Thursday Next.— (Sale No. sow.)

MR J. C. STEVENS will include in his
SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King
Street Covent Garden, on THURSDAY NEXT, October 17,
10 000 spSd TUBEROSES, and .=,000 AMARYLLIS, from
South Africa, received direct.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues hail.

Thursday Next.— (Sale No. sow.)

SPECIAL SALE OF ORCHIDS IN FLOWER AND BUD.

MR J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden. W.C., on THURSDAY NEXT. October IX at
half-past 12 o'clock precisely, choice ORCHIDS in FLOWER
and BUD, comprising some line varieties and specimens, from
various collections, &c.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues haa.

Thursday, October 31.-Englefleld Green, near Stalnea.

ORCHIDS and ORCHID-HOUSES.— Without reserve.

MR J C STEVENS has received instructions
from Col. Deare. to SELL by AUCTION, on the
Premises, Englefield Green, near Staines, on THURSDAY,
October 31 at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, without reserve,
tbe Collection of ORCHIDS and other STOVE PLANTS, the
GLASS-HOUSES, Hot-water PIPING, BOILERS, SLATE
STAGING, &c. . „ ,

On view the day prior from 10 till 6, and morning of Sale;
and Catalogues had of Mr. J. C. STEVENS, at his Auction Rooms
and OmcesT 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C., and on the
Premises.

Dutch BulbB.

GRE4.T UNRESERVED SALES, every MONDAY, WEDNES-
DAY, THURSDAY, and SATURDAY.

MESSES. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67
and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C., every MONDAY, WED-
NESDAY. THURSDAY, and SATURDAY, at half-past
11 o'Cloc'k each day, extensive consignments of first-class
HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUS, NARCISSUS, and other
BULBS, from Holland, lotted to suit the Trade and Private
Buyers.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Monday Next, and five following days.

SUNNINGDALE.— WITHOUT RESERVE.
Six davs' absolute CLEARANCE SALE of 30 Acres of beauti-
fully-grown and thriving young NURSERY STOCK, by
order of Mr. C. Noble, who has unexpectedly received from
St. John's College, Cambridge, peremptory notice to quit
all lands held under them. Important to Noblemen,
Gentlemen, Builders, Nurserymen, and others.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises. The Nurseries,
Sunningdale, Berks, close to the Sunningdale Railway Station,
on MONDAY, October 14, and five following days, at 12 o'clock
precisely each day, without the least reserve, about 30 acres
of beautifully-grown NURSERY STOCK, carefully prepared
for removal, including 30,000 Rhododendrons, 1 to 7 feet,
many of them handsome specimens of the best-named kinds ;
and 1000 Standard Rhododendrons of the finest named varieties,
the whole comprising such a stock probably never before offered
by Auction ; 50,000 Laurels, of sorts, 1 to 4 feet ; 100.000
Conifers in various sizes, including many fine specimens;
Aucubas, several thousands of Ornamental Trees, particularly
suitable for Avenue, Park, or Street planting ; a very fine col-
lection of 5000 Standard and Pyramid Fruit Trees, 5000 named
Gooseberries, thousands of American Plants, 50,000 Berberis for
cover planting, and other Stock.

May be viewed any day, Sunday excepted, prior to the
Sale. Catalogues may be had on the Premises, and of the
Auctioneers, Land Agents, and Valuers, 67 and 68. Cheapside,
London, E.C.

Luncheon will be provided for intending purchasers, and
arrangements can be made with Mr. Noble to lift and forward
any lots to all parts of the kingdom, in respect of labour
incurred and material used.

Tuesday Next.

SPECIAL SALE OF LILIES.— Important to the Trade.
8001 Lilium auratum. splendid Bulbs, just received from
Japan; also several thousands of various Lilies, including
2000 Lilium rubrum cruentum, 1600 Lilium album
Kroetzeri, 5500 Lilium longirloruru, grand bulbs ; 200
Lilium auratum, rubro vittatura and virginale, tigrinum,
eximium, elegans, &c.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL the above by AUCTION at their Central Sale
Rooun, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London. E.C, on TUESDAY
NEXT, October 15. at half-past 11 o'clock precisely.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Chlgwell.

CLEARANCE SALE by order of Mr. J. H. Brown, in conse-
quence of the expiration of tenancy.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, Rolls Park,
Chigwell, ten minutes walk from Chigwell Lane Station, on
TUESDAY, October 15, at 12 o'clock, without reserve, the
whole of the Outdoor NURSERY STOCK; a splendid lot of
Orchard Fruit Trees, specially prepared for removal ; large
quantities of Currants and Gooseberries ; Strawberries in Pots ;
Greenhouse Plants in variety ; 300 Maidenhair Ferns; Green-
house and Piping, Frames, the Utensils in Trade, two Carts,
useful bay Mare, small Stack of Hay, a few other items of
Furniture, and other effects.

May be viewed three days prior to the Sale. Catalogues
had on the Premises; and of the Auctioneers and Land Agents,
67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C, and Leytonstone.

The Salisbury Road and Avenue Nursery, Willesden

LANE. N.W.. five minutes' walk .from Queen's Park
Statiou, L. & N. W. R., and Brondesbury Station, N. L. R.
Sale of a large quantity of GENERAL NURSERY STOCK,
and 15,000 PALMS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Mr. J. B. Goubert, to SELL by AUCTION,
on the Premises, as above, on TUESDAY and WEDNESDAY,
October 15 and 16. at 12 o'clock each day. a portion of the
valuable and well-grown NURSERY STOCK, including 3000
Border Shrubs, specially suitable for the neighbourhood of
London ; 2000 Laurels, 3 to 5 feet ; 7000 Aucubas, 5000 Golden
Euonymns, 1000 large Green Euonymus, fine ornamental Trees,
together with about 15,00* PALMS, of sorts, including 6000
Corypha Australis, 5000 Latania Borbonica. and others.

May be viewed one week prior to the Sale. Catalogues may
be obtained on the Premises; and of the Auctioneers, 67 and
68, Cheapside. E.C.

Wednesday Next.

FICUS, FERNS, and other PLANTS from Holland, PALMS
and other Decorative PLANTS from an English Nursery,
300 lots of first-class DUTCH BULBS, DAFFODILS, &c.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL the above by AUCTION at their Central Sale
Rooms. 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT,
October 16, at half-past 11 o'clock precisely, without reserve.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Richmond, Surrey.

About 10 minutes' walk from Richmond Railway Statiou.
UNRESERVED SALE of well-grown general NURSERY
STOCK, all carefully prepared for removal, including a
large quantity of various Conifers, 2500 Laurels, 1500
Aucubas, 2000 oval-leaved Privet, 3500 Golden and Green
Euonymus, 2000 Poplars, 2000 Ivies in pots, 2000 Cloves,
a choice assortment of Stove and Greenhouse Plants,

including Specimen Palms and Ferns, and other Plants.

[ESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will

SELL the above by AUCTION, on the Premises, the
St. Mary's Grove Nursery, Richmond, Surrey, close to the Dr.ll
Hall, ou FRIDAY, October 18, at 12 o'clock precisely, by order
of Mr. W. Brown.

May be viewed one week prior to the Sale. Catalogues may
be had on the Premises, and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68,
Cheapside, E.C ;

The Sefton House Collection of Orchids.

DUPLICATE PLANTS for UNRESERVED SALE.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
favoured with instructions to include in their SALE, on
FRIDAY NEXT, October 18, about 150 DUPLICATE PLANTS
of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, from the above well-known

Collection.

Friday Next.

Maxillaria Sanderiana and other ORCHIDS (collected by Mr.
Hennis), by order of Messrs. Charlesworth, Shuttleworth,
& Co.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed to SELL by AUCTION at their Central
Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C. on FRIDAY NEXT,
October 18, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, a small and choice
consignment of Maxillaria Sanderiana. Odontoglossum poly-
anthum, O. ramosissimum, and Nanodes medusae, the whole
collected by Mr. Hennis. and just received in the very best con-
dition. The Sale will also include a few selected duplicate
plants of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, from the Sefton House
Collection.

On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.

Friday Next.

Standard. Dwarf, and Climbing ROSES, including the best
Hybrid Perpetuals and Teas; choice Hardy AMERICAN
PLANTS, RHODODENDRONS, and other Evergreen
Shrubs; ORNAMENTAL and FRUIT TREES, and a
variety of GREENHOUSE and DECORATIVE PLANTS,
CARNATIONS, PICOTEES, &c.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL the above by AUCTION, at the City Auction
Rooms. 38 and 36, Gracechurch Street, London, E.C, on
FRIDAY NEXT, October 18, at half-past 12 o'Clock.

On view morning of Sale. Catalogues had at the Rooms,
and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C

iBleworth.

SPECIAL ANNUAL TRADE SALE of thousands of beauti-
fully grown Golden EUONYMUS and young CONIFERS,
for immediate potting, window boxes, or for growing on,
by order of Messrs. Charles Lee & Son.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, the Wood Lane
Nursery, Isleworth, on MONDAY, October 21, at 11 o'clock
precisely, in consequence of the unusually large number of
Lots, 5000 of the best Silver and Golden EUONYMUS.
splendidly coloured; 1000 AUCUBAS. lto3feet; 500 AZALEA
MOLLIS ; 1000 Standard APPLES, of the best sorts ;
thousands of various CONIFEES for potting and planting
out ; 600 Standard, Victoria, and Gisborne PLUMS ;
thousands of Standard DAMSONS ; hundreds of SOLANUMS.
profusely berried ; ERICA GRACILIS AUTUMNALIS, and
HYEMALIS, and other Plants.

May be viewed any day prior to the Sale. Catalogues
obtained on the Premises; at the Royal Vineyard Nursery, 2,
Hammersmith Road, W. ; and of the Auctioneer--, 67 and 68,
Cheapside, E.C.

East Dulwich.

WITHOUT RESERVE.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by A. Briant, Esq., of East Dulwich, to
SELL by AUCTION, at the Shawbury Hall, Shawbury Road
(5 minutes' walk from East Dulwich Station), where the plants
have been removed for convenience of sale, on MONDAY,
October 21. at 1 o'clock, his entire COLLECTION of OR-
CHIDS, ill-health compelling him to relinquish their culti-
vation. The plants are in excellent condition, and include
many rare and choice species.

On view the morning of Sale at Shawbury HaU, as above,
"where Catalogues can be had ; also from the Auctioneers,
67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C

Heaton House, Cheshunt.

The well-known Collection of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS,
formed by the late C. J. Partington, Esq., and including
undoubtedly the finest lot of Phaltenopsis that has been
offered for many years.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS have
been favoured with instructions from the Executors to
SELL by AUCTION, ou the Premises as above, about 1 mile
from the Cheshunt Railway Station, on TUESDAY and
WEDNESDAY, October 22 and 23, at half-past 12 o'Clock
precisely each day, without the least reserve, the above well-
known Collection of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, including an
exceptionally tine lot of Phala?nopsis, the whole of the plants
being remarkably well-grown, and in excellent condition.
The Collection also includes a very tine batch of Cattleya Men-
delii, rive plants of Cattleya Gaskelliana alba, Cattleya Mossite,
a splendid lot of Masdevallias, Odontoglossum Alexandra?, aud
others.

May be viewed by appointment with the Gardener any day
prior to the Sale. Catalogues are now ready, and may be ob-
tained of the Gardener, on the Premises, or of the Auctioneers,
67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C. *

Brixton.

Periodical Sale of well-grown NURSERY STOCK of GREEN-
HOUSE PLANTS, by order of Messrs. Ponsford & Son.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises,
the Loughborough Park Nursery. Brixton. S.W., close to the
Loughborough Park Station, 'on TUESDAY and WEDNES-
DAY, October 22 and 23, at 12 o'Clock precisely each dtiy, a
large quantity of well-grown NURSERY STOCK, particularly
adapted for the London suburbs, including 4000 Golden
and Silver Euonymus, 6000 Green Euonymus, 2500 Box,
mostly for potting; 1500 Cupressus and Thuias, 3000
Aucubas, 1000 Laurels of sorts, 3000 Oval-leaved Privet, 2000
Variegated and Greeu Ivies, 1000 Ampelopsis, and other
Climbers ; 2000 Limes', and other Standard Trees ; 1000
London Planes, 1000 Standard Mulberries, fine young trees;
together with a large assortment of unusually well-grown
Palms and Decorative Plants, Camellias, Azaleas, &c.

May be viewed one week prior to the Sale. Catalogues had
on the Premises; and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68,
Cheapside, E.C.

Knockholt, near Sevenoaks.

Two and a half miles from Halstead Station, S.E.R.
UNRESERVED SALE of beautifully-grown NURSERY
STOCK, by order of Mr. W. Dale, who is letting the
Nurserv.

TV/rESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will

i-T-L SELL the above by AUCTION, on the Premises, The
Hickmandia Nursery, Knockholt, Kent, on THURSDAY and
FRIDAY, October 24 and 25, at 1 o'clock each day precisely,
the whole of the well-grown NURSERY STOCK, comprising
thousands of Conifers and Evergreen Shrubs in great variety,
many of them being very fine specimens, adapted for imme-
diate effective planting; 3000 Green Hollies, 2 to 4 feet ; 2000
Rhododendrons. 1000 Cupressus Lawsoniana, 3 to 7 feet; 500
English Yews. 3 to 5 feet ; thousands of Forest Trees, a large
quantity of well-grown Fruit Trees, Laxton's new Strawberry
(" Noble "). Climbing Plants, 60 bushels of Potatos, &c.

May be viewed one week prior to the Sale. Catalogues had
on the Premises, and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside,
London, E.C.

N.B.— The capital NURSERY, comprising 4 acres of Land,
with Dwelling-house, Seed Shop, five Greenhouses, Sheds, &c,
TO BE LET, on Lease, at a very low rental. Full particulars
of the Auctioneers.

Exeter.

SIX DAYS UNRESERVED SALE of particularly well-grown
NURSERY STOCK, presenting ;to Gentlemen and the
Trade, largely engaged in Planting, a splendid opportunity
of securing acres of well-assorted and thriving young Stock.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Messrs. Lucombe. Pince & Co., who are
relinquishing the business, to SELL by AUCTION, on the
Premises, the Nurseries, Exeter, on MONDAY, October 28.
and five following days, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely each
day without the slightest reserve, the First Portion of the ex-
tensive NURSERY STOCK, comprising specimen Border
Shrubs, in rich assortment, and in considerable quantities ;
25 000 Conifers of the choicest description, beautifully grown
and in various sizes ; 20,000 Evergreens, comprising Variegated
and Green'Hollies, Golden and English Yews, &c. ; 3000 Hybrid
Rhododendrons, 28,000 Fruit Trees, consisting of 6000 Standard,
Dwarf, and Pyramidal Apples ; 4000 ditto Pears, 1000 Dwarf-
trained Peaches, Nectarines, aud Apricots, not injured by frost.
Thousands of Ornamental Trees, Deciduous Shrubs and Climb-
ing Plants ; 15,000 GREENHOUSE PLANTS, including 3000
well-grown Ericas, 1500 Camellias and Azaleas, 250 Daphnes,
2500 Genistas, 3000 various Ferns.'of sorts, 600 Roses in pots. &c.

The'Stock may be viewed any day prior to the Sale. Cata-
logues* may be obtained on the Premises, and of the Auc-
tioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C

N.B. — Purchasers may arrange with the Manager at the
Nursery to have their lots packed and forwarded to any part of
the kingdom at the usual charge. The old-established NUR-
SERY is TO BE LET or SOLD, on very advantageous terms.

Full particulars may be obtained of Messrs. PROTHEROE
AND MORRIS as above.

Octobeb 12, 1889.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

403

Harrow-on-the-Hlu.

By order of Mr. E. Chamberlain, who is retiring from the
business, valuable FREEHOLD BUILDING ESTATE or
NURSERY LAND, and the whole cf the STOCK.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, the Nursery,
Sheepcote Lane. Harrow-on-the-Hill, on MONDAY and TUES-
DAY. October 28 and 29, the whole of the GENERAL NUR-
SERY STOCK, in capital condition for removal.

The valuable FREEHOLD BUILDING ESTATE, of about
3 acres, with a commanding frontage to Sheepcote Lane, will
be Sold on the first day prior to the Nursery Stock.
Further particulars will appear.

Groombrldge, near Tunbridge WellB.

GREAT UNRESERVED SALE of VALUABLE NURSERY-
STOCK.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will
SELL by AUCTION at Hollomby's Nurseries, Grooni-
brido-e. Tunbridge Wells, on WEDNESDAY' and THURSDAY
October 30 and 31, 150,000 Hardy ORNAMENTAL TREES,
Standard Dwarf and Climbing ROSES, RHODODENDRONS,
and FOREST TREES.

Catalogues may be had at the Nurseries, or of the Auc-
tioneers. 67 and 6S, Cheapside, London, E.C.

Eltham.

GREAT UNRESERVED CLEARANCE SALE of over 20 Acres
of remarkably well-grown and thriving NURSERY STOCK,
by order of Mr. Todman, in consequence of the expiration
of the Leases, to be Sold by

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS, on
the Premises of the Eltham Nursery, Eltham, Kent,
1 mile from the Eltham Railway Station, on MONDAY,
November 18, 1889, and following days, at 12 o'Clock punctually
each day, without reserve, the whole of the unusually well-
grown NURSERY STOCK, extending over 20 acres, now in
excellent condition for removal.

Fuller particulars will appear in due course.

American Nurseries. Bagsnot, Surrey.

PRELIMINARY NOTICE.
EXTENSIVE SALE of SURPLUS NURSERY STOCK. Highly
important to the Trade and Gentlemen engaged in Planting.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Messrs. J. Waterer & Sons, to SELL by
AUCTION, on the Premises, the American Nurseries. Bagshot,
Surrey, EARLY in NOVEMBER, an unusually large quantity
of attractive NURSERY STOCK, in grand condition for
removal.

Full particulars will be announced shortly.

Cliffe. near Rochester, Kent.

PRELIMINARY NOTICE of a GREAT SALE of FRUIT

TREES.
IMPORTANT to the TRADE and MARKET GARDENERS.

MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
instructed by Mr. W. Home, to SELL by AUCTION, on
the Premises, ferry Hill, Cliffe, near Rochester and Gravesend,
EARLY in NOVEMBER, without reserve, 30,000 GRAFTED
FRUIT TREES, comprising 11,000 Maiden Apples, of the best
sorts; 2500 Maiden Pears, &c, 50,000 Sir Joseph Paxton
STRAWBERRIES, 20,000 2-yr. Connover's Colossal ASPARA-
GUS, &c.

Fuller particulars will appear next week.

Nursery Stock. — West 'Wicknam, Kent.

Under Bill of Sale, and by order of Trustee.
AUCTION SALE of about 40,000 well-grown FOREST and
FRUIT TREES, CONIFER, AUCUBAS, specimen WEL-

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